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Kumar RMS, Ramesh SV, Sun Z, Thankappan S, Nulu NPC, Binodh AK, Kalaipandian S, Srinivasan R. Capsicum chinense Jacq.-derived glutaredoxin (CcGRXS12) alters redox status of the cells to confer resistance against pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV-I). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:108. [PMID: 38557872 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The CcGRXS12 gene protects plants from cellular oxidative damage that are caused by both biotic and abiotic stresses. The protein possesses GSH-disulphide oxidoreductase property but lacks Fe-S cluster assembly mechanism. Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are small, ubiquitous and multi-functional proteins. They are present in different compartments of plant cells. A chloroplast targeted Class I GRX (CcGRXS12) gene was isolated from Capsicum chinense during the pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) infection. Functional characterization of the gene was performed in Nicotiana benthamiana transgenic plants transformed with native C. chinense GRX (Nb:GRX), GRX-fused with GFP (Nb:GRX-GFP) and GRX-truncated for chloroplast sequences fused with GFP (Nb:Δ2MGRX-GFP). Overexpression of CcGRXS12 inhibited the PMMoV-I accumulation at the later stage of infection, accompanied with the activation of salicylic acid (SA) pathway pathogenesis-related (PR) transcripts and suppression of JA/ET pathway transcripts. Further, the reduced accumulation of auxin-induced Glutathione-S-Transferase (pCNT103) in CcGRXS12 overexpressing lines indicated that the protein could protect the plants from the oxidative stress caused by the virus. PMMoV-I infection increased the accumulation of pyridine nucleotides (PNs) mainly due to the reduced form of PNs (NAD(P)H), and it was high in Nb:GRX-GFP lines compared to other transgenic lines. Apart from biotic stress, CcGRXS12 protects the plants from abiotic stress conditions caused by H2O2 and herbicide paraquat. CcGRXS12 exhibited GSH-disulphide oxidoreductase activity in vitro; however, it was devoid of complementary Fe-S cluster assembly mechanism found in yeast. Overall, this study proves that CcGRXS12 plays a crucial role during biotic and abiotic stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Saravana Kumar
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - S V Ramesh
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671 124, India
| | - Z Sun
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Sugitha Thankappan
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Asish Kanakaraj Binodh
- Center for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaravelpandian Kalaipandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Ramachandran Srinivasan
- Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Research Park, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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Meshram S, Gogoi R, Bashyal BM, Mandal PK, Hossain F, Kumar A. Investigation on comparative transcriptome profiling of resistant and susceptible non-CMS maize genotypes during Bipolaris maydis race O infection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26538. [PMID: 38434297 PMCID: PMC10907655 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Maydis leaf blight is a significant disease of maize caused by Bipolaris maydis race T, O and C. Molecular mechanisms regulating defense responses in non-CMS maize towards race O fungus are not fully known. In the present investigation, comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on a highly resistant maize genotype SC-7-2-1-2-6-1 against a standard susceptible variety CM 119 at 48 h post inoculation (h PI) along with non-infected control. mRNA sequencing generated 38.4 Gb data, where 9349602 reads were mapped uniquely in SC-7, whereas 2714725 reads were mapped uniquely in CM-119. In inoculated SC-7, the total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) against control was 1413, where 1011 were up-regulated, and 402 were down-regulated. In susceptible inoculated genotype CM 119, the number of DEGs against control was 2902, where 1703 were up-, and 1199 were down-regulated. DEGs between inoculated resistant and susceptible genotypes were 10745, where 5343 were up-, and 5402 were down-regulated. The RNA-seq data were validated using RT-qPCR. The key findings are that SC-7 poses a robust plant signaling system mainly induced by oxidation-reduction process and calcium-mediated signaling. It regulates its fitness-related genes efficiently, viz., aldolase 2 gene, isopropanoid, phyto hormones, P450 cytochrome, amino acid synthesis, nitrogen assimilation genes etc. These findings showed more transcriptional changes in the SC-7 genotype, which contains many defence-related genes. They can be explored in future crop development programmes to combat multiple maize diseases. The current finding provides information to elucidate molecular and cellular processes occurring in maize during B. maydis race O infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Gogoi
- Division of Plant Pathology, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | | | - Pranab Kumar Mandal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- ICAR- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | | | - Aundy Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, New Delhi 110 012, India
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Alazem M, Burch-Smith TM. Roles of ROS and redox in regulating cell-to-cell communication: Spotlight on viral modulation of redox for local spread. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38168864 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signalling molecules that influence many aspects of plant biology. One way in which ROS influence plant growth and development is by modifying intercellular trafficking through plasmodesmata (PD). Viruses have evolved to use PD for their local cell-to-cell spread between plant cells, so it is therefore not surprising that they have found ways to modulate ROS and redox signalling to optimise PD function for their benefit. This review examines how intracellular signalling via ROS and redox pathways regulate intercellular trafficking via PD during development and stress. The relationship between viruses and ROS-redox systems, and the strategies viruses employ to control PD function by interfering with ROS-redox in plants is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Alazem
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Zuo X, Yang C, Yan Y, Huang G, Li R. Systematic analysis of the thioredoxin gene family in Citrus sinensis: identification, phylogenetic analysis, and gene expression patterns. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2294426. [PMID: 38104280 PMCID: PMC10730155 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2294426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (TRX) proteins play essential roles in reactive oxygen species scavenging in plants. We executed an exhaustive analysis of the TRX gene family in Citrus sinensis (CsTRXs), encompassing identification, phylogenetic analysis, detection of conserved motifs and domains, gene structure, cis-acting elements, gene expression trends, and subcellular localization analysis. Our findings established that a total of 22 CsTRXs with thioredoxin domains were identified in the genome of C. sinensis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CsTRXs were divided into six subclusters. Conserved motifs analysis of CsTRXs indicated a wide range of conserved motifs. A significant number of cis-acting elements associated with both abiotic and biotic stress responses, inclusive of numerous phytohormone-related elements, were detected in the promoter regions of CsTRXs. The expression levels of CsTRXs including CsTRXf1, CsTRXh1, CsTRXm1, CsTRXo3, CsTRXx2 and CsTRXy1 were observed to be reduced upon pathogen infection. Subcellular localization analysis found that CsTRXf1, CsTRXm1, CsTRXo3, CsTRXx2 and CsTRXy1 were predominantly localized in chloroplasts, whereas CsTRXh1 was distributed indiscriminately. This research yields integral data on CsTRXs, facilitating future efforts to decipher the gene functions of CsTRXs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yana Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guiyan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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Yadav P, Sharma K, Tiwari N, Saxena G, Asif MH, Singh S, Kumar M. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses of Fusarium-infected root xylem tissues to decipher genes involved in chickpea wilt resistance. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:390. [PMID: 37942053 PMCID: PMC10630269 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is the most destructive soil-borne disease that poses a major threat to chickpea production. To comprehensively understand the interaction between chickpea and Fusarium oxysporum, the xylem-specific transcriptome analysis of wilt-resistant (WR315) and wilt-susceptible (JG62) genotypes at an early timepoint (4DPI) was investigated. Differential expression analysis showed that 1368 and 348 DEGs responded to pathogen infection in resistant and susceptible genotypes, respectively. Both genotypes showed transcriptional reprogramming in response to Foc2, but the responses in WR315 were more severe than in JG62. Results of the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that most of the DEGS in both genotypes with enrichment in metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and carbon metabolism. Genes associated with defense-related metabolites synthesis such as thaumatin-like protein 1b, cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinases, MLP-like proteins, polygalacturonase inhibitor 2-like, ethylene-responsive transcription factors, glycine-rich cell wall structural protein-like, beta-galactosidase-like, subtilisin-like protease, thioredoxin-like protein, chitin elicitor receptor kinase-like, proline transporter-like, non-specific lipid transfer protein and sugar transporter were mostly up-regulated in resistant as compared to susceptible genotypes. The results of this study provide disease resistance genes, which would be helpful in understanding the Foc resistance mechanism in chickpea. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03803-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Kritika Sharma
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Nikita Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Garima Saxena
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Mehar H. Asif
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Swati Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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Lee MB, Han H, Lee S. The role of WRKY transcription factors, FaWRKY29 and FaWRKY64, for regulating Botrytis fruit rot resistance in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:420. [PMID: 37691125 PMCID: PMC10494375 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is one of the most economically important horticultural crops worldwide. Botrytis fruit rot (BFR) caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea is the most devasting disease of cultivated strawberries. Most commercially grown strawberry varieties are susceptible to BFR, and controlling BFR relies on repeated applications of various fungicides. Despite extensive efforts, breeding for BFR resistance has been unsuccessful, primarily due to lack of information regarding the mechanisms of disease resistance and genetic resources available in strawberry. RESULTS Using a reverse genetics approach, we identified candidate genes associated with BFR resistance and screened Arabidopsis mutants using strawberry isolates of B. cinerea. Among the five Arabidopsis T-DNA knockout lines tested, the mutant line with AtWRKY53 showed the greatest reduction in disease symptoms of BFR against the pathogen. Two genes, FaWRKY29 and FaWRKY64, were identified as orthologs in the latest octoploid strawberry genome, 'Florida Brilliance'. We performed RNAi-mediated transient assay and found that the disease frequencies were significantly decreased in both FaWRKY29- and FaWRKY64-RNAi fruits of the strawberry cultivar, 'Florida Brilliance'. Furthermore, our transcriptomic data analysis revealed significant regulation of genes associated with ABA and JA signaling, plant cell wall composition, and ROS in FaWRKY29 or FaWRKY64 knockdown strawberry fruits in response to the pathogen. CONCLUSION Our study uncovered the foundational role of WRKY transcription factor genes, FaWRKY29 and FaWRKY64, in conferring resistance against B. cinerea. The discovery of susceptibility genes involved in BFR presents significant potential for developing resistance breeding strategies in cultivated strawberries, potentially leveraging CRISPR-based gene editing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Bo Lee
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, Korea
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, 33598, USA
| | - Hyeondae Han
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, 33598, USA
| | - Seonghee Lee
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, 33598, USA.
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Ya Ma L, Lu Y, Cheng J, Wan Q, Ge J, Wang Y, Li Y, Feng F, Li M, Yu X. Functional characterization of rice (Oryza sativa) thioredoxins for detoxification and degradation of atrazine. Gene 2023:147540. [PMID: 37279861 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are a group of antioxidant enzymes that play a critical role in plant growth and resistance to stress. However, the functional role and mechanism of rice TRXs in response to pesticides (e.g. atrazine, ATZ) stress remain largely unexplored. Here, 24 differentially expressed TRX genes (14 up and 10 down) of ATZ-exposed rice were identified through high-throughput RNA-sequencing analysis. Twenty-four TRX genes were unevenly mapped to 11 chromosomes and some of the genes were validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ATZ-responsive TRX genes contain multiple functional cis-elements and conserved domains. To demonstrate the functional role of the genes in ATZ degradation, one representative TRX gene LOC_Os07g08840 was transformed into yeast cells and observed significantly lower ATZ content compared to the control. Using LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, five metabolites were characterized. One hydroxylation (HA) and two N-dealkylation products (DIA and DEA) were significantly increased in the medium with positive transformants. Our work indicated that TRX-coding genes here were responsible for ATZ degradation, suggesting that thioredoxins could be one of the vital strategies for pesticide degradation and detoxification in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ya Ma
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingfei Lu
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China; College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Jinjin Cheng
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Wan
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Fayun Feng
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China.
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Ben Saad R, Ben Romdhane W, Baazaoui N, Bouteraa MT, Chouaibi Y, Mnif W, Ben Hsouna A, Kačániová M. Functional Characterization of Lobularia maritima LmTrxh2 Gene Involved in Cold Tolerance in Tobacco through Alleviation of ROS Damage to the Plasma Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033030. [PMID: 36769352 PMCID: PMC9917683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is a key environmental factor affecting plant growth and development, crop productivity, and geographic distribution. Thioredoxins (Trxs) are small proteins that are ubiquitously expressed in all organisms and implicated in several cellular processes, including redox reactions. However, their role in the regulation of cold stress in the halophyte plant Lobularia maritima remains unknown. We recently showed that overexpression of LmTrxh2, which is the gene that encodes the h-type Trx protein previously isolated from L. maritima, led to an enhanced tolerance to salt and osmotic stress in transgenic tobacco. This study functionally characterized the LmTrxh2 gene via its overexpression in tobacco and explored its cold tolerance mechanisms. Results of the RT-qPCR and western blot analyses indicated differential temporal and spatial regulation of LmTrxh2 in L. maritima under cold stress at 4 °C. LmTrxh2 overexpression enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic tobacco, as evidenced by increased germination rate, fresh weight and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities; reduced malondialdehyde levels, membrane leakage, superoxide anion (O2-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels; and higher retention of chlorophyll than in non-transgenic plants (NT). Furthermore, the transcript levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes (NtSOD and NtCAT1), stress-responsive late embryogenis abundant protein 5 (NtLEA5), early response to dehydration 10C (NtERD10C), DRE-binding proteins 1A (NtDREB1A), and cold-responsive (COR) genes (NtCOR15A, NtCOR47, and NtKIN1) were upregulated in transgenic lines compared with those in NT plants under cold stress, indicating that LmTrxh2 conferred cold stress tolerance by enhancing the ROS scavenging ability of plants, thus enabling them to maintain membrane integrity. These results suggest that LmTrxh2 promotes cold tolerance in tobacco and provide new insight into the improvement of cold-stress resistance to cold stress in non-halophyte plants and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ben Saad
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, University of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (R.B.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, University of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Chouaibi
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, University of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Mnif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts in Balgarn, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, University of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Nutrition, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Mahdia 5100, Tunisia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Faculty of Horticulture, Institute of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.B.S.); (M.K.)
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Zhou J, Song T, Zhou H, Zhang M, Li N, Xiang J, Zhang X. Genome-wide identification, characterization, evolution, and expression pattern analyses of the typical thioredoxin gene family in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020584. [PMID: 36618641 PMCID: PMC9813791 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Typical thioredoxin (TRX) plays an important role in maintaining redox balance in plants. However, the typical TRX genes in wheat still need to be comprehensively and deeply studied. In this research, a total of 48 typical TaTRX genes belonging to eight subtypes were identified via a genome-wide search in wheat, and the gene structures, protein conserved motifs, and protein 3D structures of the same subtype were very similar. Evolutionary analysis showed that there are two pairs of tandem duplication genes and 14 clusters of segmental duplication genes in typical TaTRX family members; TaTRX15, TaTRX36, and TaTRX42 had positive selection compared with the orthologs of their ancestral species; rice and maize have 11 and 13 orthologous typical TRXs with wheat, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that typical TaTRXs were involved in maintaining redox homeostasis in wheat cells. Estimation of ROS content, determination of antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression analysis in a line overexpressing one typical TaTRX confirmed that TRX plays an important role in maintaining redox balance in wheat. A predictive analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter region showed that typical TaTRXs were extensively involved in various hormone metabolism and response processes to stress. The results predicted using public databases or verified using RT-qPCR show that typical TaTRXs were able to respond to biotic and abiotic stresses, and their expression in wheat was spatiotemporal. A total of 16 wheat proteins belonging to four different families interacting with typical TaTRXs were predicted. The above comprehensive analysis of typical TaTRX genes can enrich our understanding of this gene family in wheat and provide valuable insights for further gene function research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianqi Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources, ChiFeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Nan Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources, ChiFeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jishan Xiang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources, ChiFeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Siriwan W, Hemniam N, Vannatim N, Malichan S, Chaowongdee S, Roytrakul S, Charoenlappanit S, Sawwa A. Analysis of proteomic changes in cassava cv. Kasetsart 50 caused by Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:573. [PMID: 36494781 PMCID: PMC9737768 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) is a plant virus causing significant economic losses throughout Southeast Asia. While proteomics has the potential to identify molecular markers that could assist the breeding of virus resistant cultivars, the effects of SLCMV infection in cassava have not been previously explored in detail. RESULTS Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in SLCMV infected leaves, and qPCR was used to confirm changes at mRNA levels. LC/MS-MS identified 1,813 proteins, including 479 and 408 proteins that were upregulated in SLCMV-infected and healthy cassava plants respectively, while 109 proteins were detected in both samples. Most of the identified proteins were involved in biosynthetic processes (29.8%), cellular processes (20.9%), and metabolism (18.4%). Transport proteins, stress response molecules, and proteins involved in signal transduction, plant defense responses, photosynthesis, and cellular respiration, although present, only represented a relatively small subset of the detected differences. RT-qPCR confirmed the upregulation of WRKY 77 (A0A140H8T1), WRKY 83 (A0A140H8T7), NAC 6 (A0A0M4G3M4), NAC 35 (A0A0M5JAB4), NAC 22 (A0A0M5J8Q6), NAC 54 (A0A0M4FSG8), NAC 70 (A0A0M4FEU9), MYB (A0A2C9VER9 and A0A2C9VME6), bHLH (A0A2C9UNL9 and A0A2C9WBZ1) transcription factors. Additional upregulated transcripts included receptors, such as receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase (RSTK) (A0A2C9UPE4), Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) (A0A2C9V5Q3), leucine rich repeat N-terminal domain (LRRNT_2) (A0A2C9VHG8), and cupin (A0A199UBY6). These molecules participate in innate immunity, plant defense mechanisms, and responses to biotic stress and to phytohormones. CONCLUSIONS We detected 1,813 differentially expressed proteins infected cassava plants, of which 479 were selectively upregulated. These could be classified into three main biological functional groups, with roles in gene regulation, plant defense mechanisms, and stress responses. These results will help identify key proteins affected by SLCMV infection in cassava plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Siriwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Nuannapa Hemniam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Nattachai Vannatim
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Srihunsa Malichan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Somruthai Chaowongdee
- Center of Excellence On Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic and Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12100, Thailand
| | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- National Center for Genetic and Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12100, Thailand
| | - Aroonothai Sawwa
- Biotechnology Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, 12110, Thailand
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11
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Pan L, Berka M, Černý M, Novák J, Luklová M, Brzobohatý B, Saiz-Fernández I. Cytokinin Deficiency Alters Leaf Proteome and Metabolome during Effector-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162123. [PMID: 36015426 PMCID: PMC9415597 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of cytokinins (CK) in biotic stresses has been recognized, while knowledge regarding the effects of CK deficiency on plant response against pathogens is less abundant. Thus, the purpose of this study was to reveal the effects of CK deficiency on proteomics and metabolomic responses of flg22-triggered immunity. We conducted a series of histochemical assays to investigate the activity of the downstream pathways caused by flg22, such as accumulation of ROS, induction of defence genes, and callose deposition, that occurred in Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines overexpressing the Hordeum vulgare CKX2 gene (HvCKX2), which are therefore CK-deficient. We also used GC and LC-MS-based technology to quantify variations in stress hormone levels and metabolomic and proteomic responses in flg22-treated HvCKX2 and wild-type Arabidopsis plants. We found that CK deficiency alters the flg22-triggered plant defence response, especially through induction of callose deposition, upregulation of defence response-related proteins, increased amino acid biosynthesis, and regulation of plant photosynthesis. We also indicated that JA might be an important contributor to immune response in plants deficient in CKs. The present study offers new evidence on the fundamental role of endogenous CK in the response to pathogens, as well as the possibility of altering plant biotic tolerance by manipulating CK pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pan
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (I.S.-F.)
| | - Miroslav Berka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Luklová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (I.S.-F.)
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12
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Jiang Z, Jin X, Yang M, Pi Q, Cao Q, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang XB, Han C, Yu J, Li D. Barley stripe mosaic virus γb protein targets thioredoxin h-type 1 to dampen salicylic acid-mediated defenses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1715-1727. [PMID: 35325212 PMCID: PMC9237698 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) acts as a signaling molecule to perceive and defend against pathogen infections. Accordingly, pathogens evolve versatile strategies to disrupt the SA-mediated signal transduction, and how plant viruses manipulate the SA-dependent defense responses requires further characterization. Here, we show that barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) infection activates the SA-mediated defense signaling pathway and upregulates the expression of Nicotiana benthamiana thioredoxin h-type 1 (NbTRXh1). The γb protein interacts directly with NbTRXh1 in vivo and in vitro. The overexpression of NbTRXh1, but not a reductase-defective mutant, impedes BSMV infection, whereas low NbTRXh1 expression level results in increased viral accumulation. Similar with its orthologs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), NbTRXh1 also plays an essential role in SA signaling transduction in N. benthamiana. To counteract NbTRXh1-mediated defenses, the BSMV γb protein targets NbTRXh1 to dampen its reductase activity, thereby impairing downstream SA defense gene expression to optimize viral cell-to-cell movement. We also found that NbTRXh1-mediated resistance defends against lychnis ringspot virus, beet black scorch virus, and beet necrotic yellow vein virus. Taken together, our results reveal a role for the multifunctional γb protein in counteracting plant defense responses and an expanded broad-spectrum antibiotic role of the SA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qinglin Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xian-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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13
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Bhurta R, Hurali DT, Tyagi S, Sathee L, Adavi B S, Singh D, Mallick N, Chinnusamy V, Vinod, Jha SK. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Thioredoxin ( Trx) Gene Family Reveals Its Role in Leaf Rust Resistance in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Front Genet 2022; 13:836030. [PMID: 35401694 PMCID: PMC8990325 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.836030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Ta) is the staple cereal crop for the majority of the world’s population. Leaf rust disease caused by the obligate fungal pathogen, Puccinia triticina L., is a biotrophic pathogen causing significant economic yield damage. The alteration in the redox homeostasis of the cell caused by various kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in response to pathogenic infections is controlled by redox regulators. Thioredoxin (Trx) is one of the redox regulators with low molecular weight and is thermostable. Through a genome-wide approach, forty-two (42) wheat Trx genes (TaTrx) were identified across the wheat chromosome groups A, B, and D genomes containing 12, 16, and 14 Trx genes, respectively. Based on in silico expression analysis, 15 TaTrx genes were selected and utilized for further experimentation. These 15 genes were clustered into six groups by phylogenetic analysis. MicroRNA (miRNA) target analysis revealed eight different miRNA-targeted TaTrx genes. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis showed TaTrx proteins interact with thioredoxin reductase, peroxiredoxin, and uncharacterized proteins. Expression profiles resulting from quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed four TaTrx genes (TaTrx11-5A, TaTrx13-5B, TaTrx14-5D, and TaTrx15-3B) were significantly induced in response to leaf rust infection. Localization of ROS and its content estimation and an assay of antioxidant enzymes and expression analysis suggested that Trx have been involved in ROS homeostasis at span 24HAI-72HAI during the leaf rust resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandhya Tyagi
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Dalveer Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India
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14
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Chibani K, Pucker B, Dietz KJ, Cavanagh A. Genome-wide analysis and transcriptional regulation of the typical and atypical thioredoxins in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2715-2730. [PMID: 34561866 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs), a large subclass of ubiquitous oxidoreductases, are involved in thiol redox regulation. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of TRXs in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, revealing 41 genes encoding 18 typical and 23 atypical TRXs, and 6 genes encoding thioredoxin reductases (TRs). The high number of atypical TRXs indicates special functions in plants that mostly await elucidation. We identified an atypical class of thioredoxins called TRX-c in the genomes of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Localized to the chloroplast, TRX-c displays atypical CPLC, CHLC and CNLC motifs in the active sites. In silico analysis of the transcriptional regulations of TRXs revealed high expression of TRX-c in leaves and strong regulation under cold, osmotic, salinity and metal ion stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Chibani
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Boas Pucker
- Department of Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Amanda Cavanagh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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15
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Lee ES, Park JH, Wi SD, Chae HB, Paeng SK, Bae SB, Phan KAT, Kim MG, Kwak SS, Kim WY, Yun DJ, Lee SY. Demyristoylation of the Cytoplasmic Redox Protein Trx-h2 Is Critical for Inducing a Rapid Cold Stress Response in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081287. [PMID: 34439534 PMCID: PMC8389195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the cytosolic redox protein thioredoxin h2 (Trx-h2) is anchored to the cytoplasmic endomembrane through the myristoylated second glycine residue (Gly2). However, under cold stress, the cytosolic Trx-h2 is rapidly translocated to the nucleus, where it interacts with and reduces the cold-responsive C-repeat-binding factors (CBFs), thus activating cold-responsive (COR) genes. In this study, we investigated the significance of fatty acid modification of Trx-h2 under cold conditions by generating transgenic Arabidopsis lines in the trx-h2 mutant background, overexpressing Trx-h2 (Trx-h2OE/trx-h2) and its point mutation variant Trx-h2(G/A) [Trx-h2(G/A)OE/trx-h2], in which the Gly2 was replaced by alanine (Ala). Due to the lack of Gly2, Trx-h2(G/A) was incapable of myristoylation, and a part of Trx-h2(G/A) localized to the nucleus even under warm temperature. As no time is spent on the demyristoylation and subsequent nuclear translocation of Trx-h2(G/A) under a cold snap, the ability of Trx-h2(G/A) to protect plants from cold stress was greater than that of Trx-h2. Additionally, COR genes were up-regulated earlier in Trx-h2(G/A)2OE/trx-h2 plants than in Trx-h2OE/trx-h2 plants under cold stress. Consequently, Trx-h2(G/A)2OE/trx-h2 plants showed greater cold tolerance than Col-0 (wild type) and Trx-h2OE/trx-h2 plants. Overall, our results clearly demonstrate the significance of the demyristoylation of Trx-h2 in enhancing plant cold/freezing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (E.S.L.); (J.H.P.); (S.D.W.); (H.B.C.); (S.K.P.); (S.B.B.); (K.A.T.P.); (W.-Y.K.)
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (E.S.L.); (J.H.P.); (S.D.W.); (H.B.C.); (S.K.P.); (S.B.B.); (K.A.T.P.); (W.-Y.K.)
| | - Seong Dong Wi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (E.S.L.); (J.H.P.); (S.D.W.); (H.B.C.); (S.K.P.); (S.B.B.); (K.A.T.P.); (W.-Y.K.)
| | - Ho Byoung Chae
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (E.S.L.); (J.H.P.); (S.D.W.); (H.B.C.); (S.K.P.); (S.B.B.); (K.A.T.P.); (W.-Y.K.)
| | - Seol Ki Paeng
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (E.S.L.); (J.H.P.); (S.D.W.); (H.B.C.); (S.K.P.); (S.B.B.); (K.A.T.P.); (W.-Y.K.)
| | - Su Bin Bae
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (E.S.L.); (J.H.P.); (S.D.W.); (H.B.C.); (S.K.P.); (S.B.B.); (K.A.T.P.); (W.-Y.K.)
| | - Kieu Anh Thi Phan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (E.S.L.); (J.H.P.); (S.D.W.); (H.B.C.); (S.K.P.); (S.B.B.); (K.A.T.P.); (W.-Y.K.)
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (E.S.L.); (J.H.P.); (S.D.W.); (H.B.C.); (S.K.P.); (S.B.B.); (K.A.T.P.); (W.-Y.K.)
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (E.S.L.); (J.H.P.); (S.D.W.); (H.B.C.); (S.K.P.); (S.B.B.); (K.A.T.P.); (W.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1351; Fax: +82-55-759-9363
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Garzón-Martínez GA, García-Arias FL, Enciso-Rodríguez FE, Soto-Suárez M, González C, Bombarely A, Barrero LS, Osorio Guarín JA. Combining transcriptome analysis and GWAS for identification and validation of marker genes in the Physalis peruviana- Fusarium oxysporum pathosystem. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11135. [PMID: 33828924 PMCID: PMC7993016 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular wilt, caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali (Foph), is a major disease of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in Andean countries. Despite the economic losses caused by this disease, there are few studies related to molecular mechanisms in the P. peruviana—Foph pathosystem as a useful tool for crop improvement. This study evaluates eight candidate genes associated with this pathosystem, using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The genes were identified and selected from 1,653 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) derived from RNA-Seq analysis and from a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) of this plant-pathogen interaction. Based on the RT-qPCR analysis, the tubuline (TUB) reference gene was selected for its highly stable expression in cape gooseberry. The RT-qPCR validation of the candidate genes revealed the biological variation in their expression according to their known biological function. Three genes related to the first line of resistance/defense responses were highly expressed earlier during infection in a susceptible genotype, while three others were overexpressed later, mostly in the tolerant genotype. These genes are mainly involved in signaling pathways after pathogen recognition, mediated by hormones such as ethylene and salicylic acid. This study provided the first insight to uncover the molecular mechanism from the P. peruviana—Foph pathosystem. The genes validated here have important implications in the disease progress and allow a better understanding of the defense response in cape gooseberry at the molecular level. Derived molecular markers from these genes could facilitate the identification of tolerant/susceptible genotypes for use in breeding schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina A Garzón-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Agrosavia, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Francy L García-Arias
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Agrosavia, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Felix E Enciso-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Agrosavia, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Soto-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Agrosavia, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Carolina González
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Agrosavia, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | | | - Luz Stella Barrero
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Agrosavia, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Jaime A Osorio Guarín
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Agrosavia, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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17
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Shi B, Zhao X, Li M, Dong Z, Yang Q, Wang Y, Gao H, Day B, Ma Q. Wheat Thioredoxin ( TaTrxh1) Associates With RD19-Like Cysteine Protease TaCP1 to Defend Against Stripe Rust Fungus Through Modulation of Programmed Cell Death. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:426-438. [PMID: 33297713 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-20-0304-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) function within the antioxidant network through modulation of one or more redox reactions involved in oxidative-stress signaling. Given their function in regulating cellular redox, Trx proteins also fulfill key roles in plant immune signaling. Here, TaTrxh1, encoding a subgroup h member of the Trx family, was identified and cloned in wheat (Triticum aestivum), which was rapidly induced by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici invasion and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. Overexpression of TaTrxh1 in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) induced programmed cell death. Silencing of TaTrxh1 in wheat enhanced susceptibility to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in different aspects, including reactive oxygen species accumulation and pathogen-responsive or -related gene expression. Herein, we observed that the cellular concentration of SA was significantly reduced in TaTrxh1-silenced plants, indicating that TaTrxh1 possibly regulates wheat resistance to stripe rust through a SA-associated defense signaling pathway. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify TaTrxh1-interacting partners, we further show that interaction with TaCP1 (a RD19-like cysteine protease) and subsequent silencing of TaCP1 reduced wheat resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. In total, the data presented herein demonstrate that TaTrxh1 enhances wheat resistance against P. striiformis f. sp. tritici via SA-dependent resistance signaling and that TaTrxh1 interaction with TaCP1 is required for wheat resistance to stripe rust.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinbei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of IPM of Pests on Crop (Southern North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zihui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Yang F, Xiao K, Pan H, Liu J. Chloroplast: The Emerging Battlefield in Plant-Microbe Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:637853. [PMID: 33747017 PMCID: PMC7966814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants and some algae convert the absorbed light into chemical energy through one of the most important organelles, chloroplast, for photosynthesis and store it in the form of organic compounds to supply their life activities. However, more and more studies have shown that the role of chloroplasts is more than a factory for photosynthesis. In the process of light conversion to chemical energy, any damage to the components of chloroplast may affect the photosynthesis efficiency and promote the production of by-products, reactive oxygen species, that are mainly produced in the chloroplasts. Substantial evidence show that chloroplasts are also involved in the battle of plants and microbes. Chloroplasts are important in integrating a variety of external environmental stimuli and regulate plant immune responses by transmitting signals to the nucleus and other cell compartments through retrograde signaling pathways. Besides, chloroplasts can also regulate the biosynthesis and signal transduction of phytohormones, including salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, to affect the interaction between the plants and microbes. Since chloroplasts play such an important role in plant immunity, correspondingly, chloroplasts have become the target of pathogens. Different microbial pathogens target the chloroplast and affect its functions to promote their colonization in the host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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19
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Buffon G, Blasi ÉADR, Lamb TI, Adamski JM, Schwambach J, Ricachenevsky FK, Bertolazi A, Silveira V, Lopes MCB, Sperotto RA. Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare and Oryza barthii as Unexpected Tolerance and Susceptibility Sources Against Schizotetranychus oryzae (Acari: Tetranychidae) Mite Infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:613568. [PMID: 33643348 PMCID: PMC7902502 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.613568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) is frequently exposed to multiple stresses, including Schizotetranychus oryzae mite infestation. Rice domestication has narrowed the genetic diversity of the species, leading to a wide susceptibility. This work aimed to analyze the response of two African rice species (Oryza barthii and Oryza glaberrima), weedy rice (O. sativa f. spontanea), and O. sativa cv. Nipponbare to S. oryzae infestation. Surprisingly, leaf damage, histochemistry, and chlorophyll concentration/fluorescence indicated that the African species present a higher level of leaf damage, increased accumulation of H2O2, and lower photosynthetic capacity when compared to O. sativa plants under infested conditions. Infestation decreased tiller number, except in Nipponbare, and caused the death of O. barthii and O. glaberrima plants during the reproductive stage. While infestation did not affect the weight of 1,000 grains in both O. sativa, the number of panicles per plant was affected only in O. sativa f. spontanea, and the percentage of full seeds per panicle and seed length were increased only in Nipponbare. Using proteomic analysis, we identified 195 differentially abundant proteins when comparing susceptible (O. barthii) and tolerant (Nipponbare) plants under control and infested conditions. O. barthii presents a less abundant antioxidant arsenal and is unable to modulate proteins involved in general metabolism and energy production under infested condition. Nipponbare presents high abundance of detoxification-related proteins, general metabolic processes, and energy production, suggesting that the primary metabolism is maintained more active compared to O. barthii under infested condition. Also, under infested conditions, Nipponbare presents higher levels of proline and a greater abundance of defense-related proteins, such as osmotin, ricin B-like lectin, and protease inhibitors (PIs). These differentially abundant proteins can be used as biotechnological tools in breeding programs aiming at increased tolerance to mite infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giseli Buffon
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Taquari Valley-Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
| | | | - Thainá Inês Lamb
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, University of Taquari Valley-Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Janete Mariza Adamski
- Graduate Program in Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joséli Schwambach
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bertolazi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | | | - Raul Antonio Sperotto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Taquari Valley-Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, University of Taquari Valley-Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
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20
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Transcriptomic profiling of susceptible and resistant flax seedlings after Fusarium oxysporum lini infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246052. [PMID: 33497403 PMCID: PMC7837494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study transcriptome was analyzed on two fibrous varieties of flax: the susceptible Regina and the resistant Nike. The experiment was carried out on 2-week-old seedlings, because in this phase of development flax is the most susceptible to infection. We analyzed the whole seedlings, which allowed us to recognize the systemic response of the plants to the infection. We decided to analyze two time points: 24h and 48h, because our goal was to learn the mechanisms activated in the initial stages of infection, these points were selected based on the previous analysis of chitinase gene expression, whose increase in time of Fusarium oxysporum lini infection has been repeatedly confirmed both in the case of flax and other plant species. The results show that although qualitatively the responses of the two varieties are similar, it is the degree of the response that plays the role in the differences of their resistance to F. oxysporum.
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21
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Kuźniak E, Kopczewski T. The Chloroplast Reactive Oxygen Species-Redox System in Plant Immunity and Disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:572686. [PMID: 33281842 PMCID: PMC7688986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.572686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen infections limit plant growth and productivity, thus contributing to crop losses. As the site of photosynthesis, the chloroplast is vital for plant productivity. This organelle, communicating with other cellular compartments challenged by infection (e.g., apoplast, mitochondria, and peroxisomes), is also a key battlefield in the plant-pathogen interaction. Here, we focus on the relation between reactive oxygen species (ROS)-redox signaling, photosynthesis which is governed by redox control, and biotic stress response. We also discuss the pathogen strategies to weaken the chloroplast-mediated defense responses and to promote pathogenesis. As in the next decades crop yield increase may depend on the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency, a comprehensive understanding of the integration between photosynthesis and plant immunity is required to meet the future food demand.
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Yang X, Das PP, Oppenheimer P, Zhou G, Wong SM. iTRAQ-based protein analysis provides insight into heterologous superinfection exclusion with TMV-43A against CMV in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plants. J Proteomics 2020; 229:103948. [PMID: 32858166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous superinfection exclusion (HSE) is a phenomenon of an initial virus infection which prevents reinfection by a distantly related or unrelated challenger virus strain in the same host. Here, we demonstrate that a mild strain mutant of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-43A) can protect Nicotiana benthamiana plants against infection by a challenger Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-Fny strain. The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique was used to investigate proteome of N. benthamiana plant during HSE. Our results indicated that in superinfected plants, the PSI and PSII proteins in the photosynthetic pathway increased in abundance, providing sufficient energy to plants for survival. The fatty acid synthesis-related proteins acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1-like and fatty acid synthase were decreased in abundance, affecting the formation of virus replication complex, which in turn reduced CMV replication and lessen hijacking of basic building blocks of RNA transcription and protein synthesis required for normal host functions. This is the first analyses of host proteins that are correlated to HSE between two unrelated plant viruses TMV-43A and CMV in N. benthamiana plants. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: CMV is one of the most studied host-virus interaction models in plants. It infects both monocot and dicot crop plants, causing significant economic losses. Superinfection exclusion (also known as cross protection) is one of the methods to combat virus infection. However, there is lack of proteome information of heterologous superinfection exclusion between two taxonomically unrelated plant viruses (such as between CMV and TMV). An iTRAQ-based quantitative approach was used to study proteomics of superinfection, where TMV-43A acts as a protector of N. benthamiana plants against its challenger CMV. Results showed that TMV-43A protects host plants and prevents plant death from CMV infection. This study provided insights into host responses involving multiple host pathways: photosynthesis, plant defence, carbon metabolism, translation and protein processing, fatty acid metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis. The findings provide a reference database for other viruses and increase our knowledge in host proteins that are correlated to superinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Prem Prakash Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Peter Oppenheimer
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Guohui Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Sek-Man Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore; National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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23
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Xue C, Liu Z, Wang L, Li H, Gao W, Liu M, Zhao Z, Zhao J. The antioxidant defense system in Chinese jujube is triggered to cope with phytoplasma invasion. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1437-1449. [PMID: 32483619 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants increase dramatically under pathogen attack, and the antioxidant defense system is then triggered to protect the plant against the ROS. Jujube witches' broom disease (JWB), caused by phytoplasma, is a destructive disease of Chinese jujube. The results of fluorescence-based measurement revealed that ROS were overproduced within jujube leaves after phytoplasma invasion. Furthermore, analysis based on mRNA and metabolite levels revealed that ascorbic acid (AsA) metabolism was strengthened under phytoplasma stress. The high expression of genes involved in the AsA/glutathione (GSH) cycle and thioredoxin (Trx) synthesis in diseased leaves indicated that GSH and Trx actively respond to phytoplasma infection. Moreover, higher activities of enzymatic antioxidants and the upregulated expression of related genes were confirmed in diseased tissues. Both nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants in the host jujube were strongly stimulated to cope with ROS caused by phytoplasma stress. Compared with that in the susceptible variety, the activities of glutathione S-transferase and peroxidase in the resistant variety at the earlier infection stage were higher, indicating that enzymes might be involved in the resistance to phytoplasma. These results highlight the roles of the antioxidant defense system of the host plant in the tolerance to phytoplasma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoling Xue
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Lihu Wang
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Hongtai Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Weilin Gao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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Ji MG, Park HJ, Cha JY, Kim JA, Shin GI, Jeong SY, Lee ES, Yun DJ, Lee SY, Kim WY. Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana Thioredoxin-h2 in Brassica napus enhances antioxidant defenses and improves salt tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 147:313-321. [PMID: 31901883 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress limits crop productivity worldwide, particularly in arid and heavily irrigated regions. Salt stress causes oxidative stress, in which plant cells accumulate harmful levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thioredoxins (Trxs; EC 1.8.4.8) are antioxidant proteins encoded by a ubiquitous multigene family. Arabidopsis thaliana Trx h-type proteins localize in the cytoplasm and other subcellular organelles, and function in plant responses to abiotic stresses and pathogen attack. Here, we isolated the Arabidopsis genes encoding two cytosolic h-type Trx proteins, AtTrx-h2 and AtTrx-h3 and generated transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus) plants overexpressing AtTrx-h2 or AtTrx-h3. Heterologous expression of AtTrx-h2 in B. napus conferred salt tolerance with plants grown on 50 mM NaCl having higher fresh weight and chlorophyll contents compared with controls in hydroponic growth system. By contrast, expression of AtTrx-h3 or the empty vector control did not improve salt tolerance. In addition, AtTrx-h2-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited lower levels of hydrogen peroxide and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, compared with the plants expressing the empty vector control or AtTrx-h3. These results suggest that AtTrx-h2 is a promising candidate for engineering or breeding crops with enhanced salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Geun Ji
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Lee
- PMBBRC, IALS & RILS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; PMBBRC, IALS & RILS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; PMBBRC, IALS & RILS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Kushwaha NK, Sahu PP, Prasad M, Chakrabroty S. Chilli leaf curl virus infection downregulates the expression of the genes encoding chloroplast proteins and stress-related proteins. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1185-1196. [PMID: 31564781 PMCID: PMC6745583 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus infection alters the expression of several host genes involved in various cellular and biological processes in plants. Most of the studies performed till now have mainly focused on genes which are up-regulated and later projected them as probable stress tolerant/susceptible genes. Nevertheless, genes which are down-regulated during plant-virus interaction could also play a critical role on disease development as well as in combating the virus infection. Hence, to identify such down-regulated genes and pathway, we performed reverse suppression subtractive hybridization in Capsicum annuum var. Punjab Lal following Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) infection. The screening and further processing suggested that majority of the genes (approximately 35% ESTs) showed homology with the genes encoding chloroplast proteins and 16% genes involved in the biotic and abiotic stress response. Additionally, we identified several genes, functionally known to be involved in metabolic processes, protein synthesis and degradation, ribosomal proteins, energy production, DNA replication and transcription, and transporters. We also found 3% transcripts which did not show homology with any known genes. The redundancy analysis revealed the maximum percentage of chlorophyll a-b binding protein (15/96) and auxin-binding proteins (13/96). We developed a protein interactome network to characterise the relationships between proteins and pathway involved during the ChiLCV infection. We identified that the most of the interaction occurs either among the chloroplast proteins (Arabidopsis proteins interactive map) or biotic and abiotic stress responsive proteins (Solanum lycopersicum interactome). Taken together, our study provides the first transcriptome and protein interactome of the down-regulated genes during C. annuum-ChiLCV interaction. These resources could be exploited in deciphering the steps involved in the process of virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirbhay Kumar Kushwaha
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Pranav Pankaj Sahu
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Supriya Chakrabroty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
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26
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Das PP, Lin Q, Wong SM. Comparative proteomics of Tobacco mosaic virus-infected Nicotiana tabacum plants identified major host proteins involved in photosystems and plant defence. J Proteomics 2019; 194:191-199. [PMID: 30503828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive single-stranded RNA virus. Its 5' end ORF codes for the replicase proteins, namely 126 kDa and 183 kDa, respectively. These proteins interact with many host proteins to form a virus replication complex (VRC). This study aims to dissect the proteome profile of TMV-infected Nicotiana tabacum in host cellular and molecular pathways. We used the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique to analyse the differential global proteomic profile of TMV infected and mock infected plants. Out of 1897 total proteins, we identified 407 differentially abundant proteins and grouped them into three functional categories, namely metabolism, cellular processes and signalling processing. Our results showed that photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, plant defence, protein synthesis, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum were significantly altered. Carbon metabolism and photosynthesis were present in very low abundance, whereas accumulation of reactive oxygen species and misfolded proteins lead to the accumulation of thioredoxin H-type 1. In conclusion, we identified several key host proteins that are involved in TMV infection/replication in N. tabacum plants. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: TMV is one of the most widely studied plant virus. It is used as a tool to study host-virus interaction. There are several host proteins reported that facilitate VRC formation and replication of TMV. However, there is limited knowledge in the expression regulation of these host proteins upon TMV infection. This study is the first report that investigates the response of host protein expression involved in TMV infection through a quantitative proteomics technique iTRAQ, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis. We used TMV-infected Nicotiana tabacum plants to investigate the effects of TMV infection on host proteins. Our results revealed differential abundance of proteins involving various pathways in protein translation, protein processing, photosynthesis and plant defence. There was a high abundance of thioredoxin H-type 1, a protein that counters oxidative stress and accelerated regulation of fatty acid synthesis to provide additional lipid molecules for VRC formation. There was a significant reduction in abundance of psaA and psbB proteins in the photosynthetic pathways. Our results identified key candidate host proteins involved in TMV-infected N. tabacum for functional studies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Sek-Man Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, 117604, Singapore; National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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27
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Haddad R, Heidari-Japelaghi R, Eslami-Bojnourdi N. Isolation and functional characterization of two thioredoxin h isoforms from grape. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2545-2551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Mathioudakis MM, Khechmar S, Owen CA, Medina V, Ben Mansour K, Tomaszewska W, Spanos T, Sarris PF, Livieratos IC. A Thioredoxin Domain-Containing Protein Interacts with Pepino mosaic virus Triple Gene Block Protein 1. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3747. [PMID: 30477269 PMCID: PMC6320799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a mechanically-transmitted tomato pathogen of importance worldwide. Interactions between the PepMV coat protein and triple gene block protein (TGBp1) with the host heat shock cognate protein 70 and catalase 1 (CAT1), respectively, have been previously reported by our lab. In this study, a novel tomato interactor (SlTXND9) was shown to bind the PepMV TGBp1 in yeast-two-hybrid screening, in vitro pull-down and bimolecular fluorescent complementation (BiFC) assays. SlTXND9 possesses part of the conserved thioredoxin (TRX) active site sequence (W__PC vs. WCXPC), and TXND9 orthologues cluster within the TRX phylogenetic superfamily closest to phosducin-like protein-3. In PepMV-infected and healthy Nicotiana benthamiana plants, NbTXND9 mRNA levels were comparable, and expression levels remained stable in both local and systemic leaves for 10 days post inoculation (dpi), as was also the case for catalase 1 (CAT1). To localize the TXND9 in plant cells, a polyclonal antiserum was produced. Purified α-SlTXND9 immunoglobulin (IgG) consistently detected a set of three protein bands in the range of 27⁻35 kDa, in the 1000 and 30,000 g pellets, and the soluble fraction of extracts of healthy and PepMV-infected N. benthamiana leaves, but not in the cell wall. These bands likely consist of the homologous protein NbTXND9 and its post-translationally modified derivatives. On electron microscopy, immuno-gold labelling of ultrathin sections of PepMV-infected N. benthamiana leaves using α-SlTXND9 IgG revealed particle accumulation close to plasmodesmata, suggesting a role in virus movement. Taken together, this study highlights a novel tomato-PepMV protein interaction and provides data on its localization in planta. Currently, studies focusing on the biological function of this interaction during PepMV infection are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthaios M Mathioudakis
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Souheyla Khechmar
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Carolyn A Owen
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Vicente Medina
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Karima Ben Mansour
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Weronika Tomaszewska
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Theodore Spanos
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis F Sarris
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Ioannis C Livieratos
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
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Du J, Guo S, Sun J, Shu S. Proteomic and physiological analyses reveal the role of exogenous spermidine on cucumber roots in response to Ca(NO 3) 2 stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:1-21. [PMID: 29633167 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of exogenous Spd-induced Ca(NO3)2 stress tolerance in cucumber was studied by proteomics and physiological analyses. Protein-protein interaction network revealed 13 key proteins involved in Spd-induced Ca(NO3)2 stress resistance. Ca(NO3)2 stress is one of the major reasons for secondary salinization that limits cucumber plant development in greenhouse. The conferred protective role of exogenous Spd on cucumber in response to Ca(NO3)2 stress cues involves changes at the cellular and physiological levels. To investigate the molecular foundation of exogenous Spd in Ca(NO3)2 stress tolerance, a proteomic approach was performed in our work. After a 9 days period of Ca(NO3)2 stress and/or exogenous Spd, 71 differential protein spots were confidently identified. The resulting proteins were enriched in seven different categories of biological processes, including protein metabolism, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, ROS homeostasis and stress defense, cell wall related, transcription, others and unknown. Protein metabolism (31.2%), carbohydrate and energy metabolism (15.6%), ROS homeostasis and stress defense (32.5%) were the three largest functional categories in cucumber root and most of them were significantly increased by exogenous Spd. The Spd-responsive protein interaction network revealed 13 key proteins, whose accumulation changes could be critical for Spd-induced resistance; all 13 proteins were upregulated by Spd at transcriptional and protein levels in response to Ca(NO3)2 stress. Furthermore, accumulation of antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidant and polyamines, along with reduction of H2O2 and MDA, were detected after exogenous Spd application during Ca(NO3)2 stress. The results of these proteomic and physiological analyses in cucumber root may facilitate a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of Ca(NO3)2 stress tolerance mediated by exogenous Spd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Taizhou Research Institute, Jiangsu Academy Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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Singh A, Tyagi C, Nath O, Singh IK. Helicoverpa-inducible Thioredoxin h from Cicer arietinum: structural modeling and potential targets. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:231-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Chen I, Chen H, Huang Y, Huang H, Shenkwen L, Hsu Y, Tsai C. A thioredoxin NbTRXh2 from Nicotiana benthamiana negatively regulates the movement of Bamboo mosaic virus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:405-417. [PMID: 28052479 PMCID: PMC6637981 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An up-regulated gene derived from Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants was cloned and characterized in this study. BaMV is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus. This gene product, designated as NbTRXh2, was matched with sequences of thioredoxin h proteins, a group of small proteins with a conserved active-site motif WCXPC conferring disulfide reductase activity. To examine how NbTRXh2 is involved in the infection cycle of BaMV, we used the virus-induced gene silencing technique to knock down NbTRXh2 expression in N. benthamiana and inoculated the plants with BaMV. We observed that, compared with control plants, BaMV coat protein accumulation increased in knockdown plants at 5 days post-inoculation (dpi). Furthermore, BaMV coat protein accumulation did not differ significantly between NbTRXh2-knockdown and control protoplasts at 24 hpi. The BaMV infection foci in NbTRXh2-knockdown plants were larger than those in control plants. In addition, BaMV coat protein accumulation decreased when NbTRXh2 was transiently expressed in plants. These results suggest that NbTRXh2 plays a role in restricting BaMV accumulation. Moreover, confocal microscopy results showed that NbTRXh2-OFP (NbTRXh2 fused with orange fluorescent protein) localized at the plasma membrane, similar to AtTRXh9, a homologue in Arabidopsis. The expression of the mutant that did not target the substrates failed to reduce BaMV accumulation. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the viral movement protein TGBp2 could be the target of NbTRXh2. Overall, the functional role of NbTRXh2 in reducing the disulfide bonds of targeting factors, encoded either by the host or virus (TGBp2), is crucial in restricting BaMV movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- I‐Hsuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
| | - Hui‐Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
| | - Ying‐Ping Huang
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
| | - Hui‐Chen Huang
- Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
| | - Lin‐Ling Shenkwen
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
| | - Yau‐Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
| | - Ching‐Hsiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
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Tong A, Yuan Q, Wang S, Peng J, Lu Y, Zheng H, Lin L, Chen H, Gong Y, Chen J, Yan F. Altered accumulation of osa-miR171b contributes to rice stripe virus infection by regulating disease symptoms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4357-4367. [PMID: 28922766 PMCID: PMC5853540 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection affects the pattern of plant miRNA expression. It has been presumed that reduction of miR171 and several other miRNAs influences viral symptoms in plants. We here experimentally demonstrate the association of osa-miR171b with rice stripe virus (RSV) symptoms in rice. Inhibition of osa-miR171b caused stunting with reduced chlorophyll content in leaves similar to viral symptoms. Overexpression of osa-miR171b by an artificial miRNA extended vegetative growth and enhanced chlorophyll accumulation in leaves. Tillers were thicker, and panicles were longer with more spikelets in plants overexpressing osa-miR171b than in controls, but there were no differences in tiller numbers. Targets of osa-miR171b, OsSCL6-IIa, OsSCL6-IIb, and OsSCL6-IIc, were respectively up- and down-regulated in plants where osa-miR171b was inhibited or overexpressed. In plants overexpressing osa-miR171b, five positive regulators for heading development, Ehd1, Ehd2, Ehd3, Ehd4, and Hd3a were up-regulated, while the negative regulator Ghd7 was down-regulated. Plants overexpressing osa-miR171b were less susceptible to RSV and virus symptoms were attenuated. Taken together, the results reveal that a reduction of osa-miR171b in RSV-infected rice contributes to RSV symptoms, and provide more insight into the roles of osa-miR171b in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizi Tong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Shu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hairu Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yifu Gong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Li P, Chen X, Sun F, Dong H. Tobacco TTG2 and ARF8 function concomitantly to control flower colouring by regulating anthocyanin synthesis genes. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2017; 19:525-532. [PMID: 28247955 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently we elucidated that tobacco TTG2 cooperates with ARF8 to regulate the vegetative growth and seed production. Here we show that TTG2 and ARF8 control flower colouring by regulating expression of ANS and DFR genes, which function in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Genetic modifications that substantially altered expression levels of the TTG2 gene and production quantities of TTG2 protein were correlated with flower development and colouring. Degrees of flower colour were increased by TTG2 overexpression but decreased through TTG2 silencing, in coincidence with high and low concentrations of anthocyanins in flowers. Of five genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, only ANS and DFR were TTG2-regulated and displayed enhancement and diminution of expression with TTG2 overexpression and silencing, respectively. The floral expression of ANS and DFR also needed a functional ARF8 gene, as ANS and DFR expression were attenuated by ARF8 silencing, which concomitantly diminished the role of TTG2 in anthocyanin production. While ARF8 required TTG2 to be expressed by itself and to regulate ANS and DFR expression, the concurrent presence of normally functional TTG2 and ARF8 was critical for floral production of anthocyanins and also for flower colouration. Our data suggest that TTG2 functions concomitantly with ARF8 to control degrees of flower colour by regulating expression of ANS and DFR, which are involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. ARF8 depends on TTG2 to regulate floral expression of ANS and DFR with positive effects on anthocyanin production and flower colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Li
- Plant Growth and Defense Signaling Laboratory, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Chen
- Plant Growth and Defense Signaling Laboratory, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Sun
- Plant Growth and Defense Signaling Laboratory, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Dong
- Plant Growth and Defense Signaling Laboratory, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Kasajima I. Difference in oxidative stress tolerance between rice cultivars estimated with chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:168. [PMID: 28446247 PMCID: PMC5406975 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in growth retardation of plants when they are exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite its potential importance in improving crop production, comparative studies on oxidative stress tolerance between rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars are limited. This work describes the difference in term of oxidative stress tolerance between 72 rice cultivars. METHODS 72 rice cultivars grown under naturally lit greenhouse were used in this study. Excised leaf discs were subjected to a low concentration of methyl viologen (paraquat), a chemical reagent known to generate reactive oxygen species in chloroplast. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis using a two-dimensional fluorescence meter, ion leakage analysis as well as the measurement of chlorophyll contents were used to evaluate the oxidative stress tolerance of leaf discs. Furthermore, fluorescence intensities were finely analyzed based on new fluorescence theories that we have optimized. RESULTS Treatment of leaf discs with methyl viologen caused differential decrease of maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) between cultivars. Decrease of Fv/Fm was also closely correlated with increase of ion leakage and decrease of chlorophyll a/b ratio. Fv/Fm was factorized into photochemical and non-photochemical parameters to classify rice cultivars into sensitive and tolerant ones. Among the 72 compared rice cultivars, the traditional cultivar Co13 was identified as the most tolerant to oxidative stress. Koshihikari, a dominant modern Japonica cultivar in Japan as well as IR58, one of the modern Indica breeding lines exhibited a strong tolerance to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Close correlation between Fv/Fm and chlorophyll a/b ratio provides a simple method to estimate oxidative stress tolerance, without measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence with special equipment. The fact that modern cultivars, especially major cultivars possessed tolerance to oxidative stress suggests that oxidative stress tolerance is one of the agricultural traits prerequisite for improvement of modern rice cultivars. Data presented in this study would enable breeding of rice cultivars having strong tolerance to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kasajima
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
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Dissecting Pistil Responses to Incompatible and Compatible Pollen in Self-Incompatibility Brassica oleracea Using Comparative Proteomics. Protein J 2017; 36:123-137. [PMID: 28299594 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiosperms have developed self-incompatibility (SI) systems to reject self-pollen, thereby promoting outcrossing. The Brassicaceae belongs to typical sporophytic system, having a single S-locus controlled SI response, and was chosen as a model system to study SI-related intercellular signal transduction. In this regard, the downstream factor of EXO70A1 was unknown. Here, protein two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) method and coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF -MS) and peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) was used to further explore the mechanism of SI responses in Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. at protein level. To further confirm the time point of protein profile change, total proteins were collected from B. oleracea pistils at 0 min, 1 h, and 2 h after self-pollination. In total 902, 1088 and 1023 protein spots were separated in 0 min, 1 h and 2 h 2-DE maps, respectively. Our analyses of self-pollination profiles indicated that proteins mainly changed at 1 h post-pollination in B. oleracea. Moreover, 1077 protein spots were separated in cross-pollinated 1 h (CP) pistil 2-DE map. MALDI-TOF-MS and PMF successfully identified 34 differentially-expressed proteins (DEPs) in SP and CP 1 h 2-DE maps. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis revealed an array of proteins grouped in the following categories: stress and defense response (35%), protein metabolism (18%), carbohydrate and energy metabolism (12%), regulation of translation (9%), pollen tube development (12%), transport (9%) and cytoskeletal (6%). Sets of DEPs identified specifically in SP or only up-regulated expressed in CP pistils were chosen for funther investigating in floral organs and during the process of self- and cross-pollination. The function of these DEPs in terms of their potential involvement in SI in B. oleracea is discussed.
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Liu Q, Liu H, Gong Y, Tao Y, Jiang L, Zuo W, Yang Q, Ye J, Lai J, Wu J, Lübberstedt T, Xu M. An Atypical Thioredoxin Imparts Early Resistance to Sugarcane Mosaic Virus in Maize. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:483-497. [PMID: 28216424 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) causes substantial losses of grain yield and forage biomass in susceptible maize worldwide. A major quantitative trait locus, Scmv1, has been identified to impart strong resistance to SCMV at the early infection stage. Here, we demonstrate that ZmTrxh, encoding an atypical h-type thioredoxin, is the causal gene at Scmv1, and that its transcript abundance correlated strongly with maize resistance to SCMV. ZmTrxh alleles, whether they are resistant or susceptible, share the identical coding/proximal promoter regions, but vary in the upstream regulatory regions. ZmTrxh lacks two canonical cysteines in the thioredoxin active-site motif and exists uniquely in the maize genome. Because of this, ZmTrxh is unable to reduce disulfide bridges but possesses a strong molecular chaperone-like activity. ZmTrxh is dispersed in maize cytoplasm to suppress SCMV viral RNA accumulation. Moreover, ZmTrxh-mediated maize resistance to SCMV showed no obvious correlation with the salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-related defense signaling pathways. Taken together, our results indicate that ZmTrxh exhibits a distinct defense profile in maize resistance to SCMV, differing from previously characterized dominant or recessive potyvirus resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangqing Gong
- National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongfu Tao
- National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiliang Zuo
- National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qin Yang
- National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianrong Ye
- National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyu Wu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | | | - Mingliang Xu
- National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Geigenberger P, Thormählen I, Daloso DM, Fernie AR. The Unprecedented Versatility of the Plant Thioredoxin System. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:249-262. [PMID: 28139457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins are ubiquitous enzymes catalyzing reversible disulfide-bond formation to regulate structure and function of many proteins in diverse organisms. In recent years, reverse genetics and biochemical approaches were used to resolve the functions, specificities, and interactions of the different thioredoxin isoforms and reduction systems in planta and revealed the most versatile thioredoxin system of all organisms. Here we review the emerging roles of the thioredoxin system, namely the integration of thylakoid energy transduction, metabolism, gene expression, growth, and development under fluctuating environmental conditions. We argue that these new developments help us to understand why plants organize such a divergent composition of thiol redox networks and provide insights into the regulatory hierarchy that operates between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Geigenberger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Department Biology I, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Ina Thormählen
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Department Biology I, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Du N, Shi L, Yuan Y, Li B, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Positive Roles of the Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium NSY50 in the Response of Cucumber Roots to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Inoculation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1859. [PMID: 28018395 PMCID: PMC5155491 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can both improve plant growth and enhance plant resistance against a variety of environmental stresses. To investigate the mechanisms that PGPR use to protect plants under pathogenic attack, transmission electron microscopy analysis and a proteomic approach were designed to test the effects of the new potential PGPR strain Paenibacillus polymyxa NSY50 on cucumber seedling roots after they were inoculated with the destructive phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC). NSY50 could apparently mitigate the injury caused by the FOC infection and maintain the stability of cell structures. The two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) approach in conjunction with MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis revealed a total of 56 proteins that were differentially expressed in response to NSY50 and/or FOC. The application of NSY50 up-regulated most of the identified proteins that were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism under normal conditions, which implied that both energy generation and the production of amino acids were enhanced, thereby ensuring an adequate supply of amino acids for the synthesis of new proteins in cucumber seedlings to promote plant growth. Inoculation with FOC inhibited most of the proteins related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism and to protein metabolism. The combined inoculation treatment (NSY50+FOC) accumulated abundant proteins involved in defense mechanisms against oxidation and detoxification as well as carbohydrate metabolism, which might play important roles in preventing pathogens from attacking. Meanwhile, western blotting was used to analyze the accumulation of enolase (ENO) and S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMs). NSY50 further increased the expression of ENO and SAMs under FOC stress. In addition, NSY50 adjusted the transcription levels of genes related to those proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that P. polymyxa NSY50 may promote plant growth and alleviate FOC-induced damage by improving the metabolism and activation of defense-related proteins in cucumber roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanshan Du
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yinghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversitySuqian, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversitySuqian, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversitySuqian, China
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Frazier TP, Palmer NA, Xie F, Tobias CM, Donze-Reiner TJ, Bombarely A, Childs KL, Shu S, Jenkins JW, Schmutz J, Zhang B, Sarath G, Zhao B. Identification, characterization, and gene expression analysis of nucleotide binding site (NB)-type resistance gene homologues in switchgrass. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:892. [PMID: 27821048 PMCID: PMC5100175 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season perennial grass that can be used as a second generation bioenergy crop. However, foliar fungal pathogens, like switchgrass rust, have the potential to significantly reduce switchgrass biomass yield. Despite its importance as a prominent bioenergy crop, a genome-wide comprehensive analysis of NB-LRR disease resistance genes has yet to be performed in switchgrass. RESULTS In this study, we used a homology-based computational approach to identify 1011 potential NB-LRR resistance gene homologs (RGHs) in the switchgrass genome (v 1.1). In addition, we identified 40 RGHs that potentially contain unique domains including major sperm protein domain, jacalin-like binding domain, calmodulin-like binding, and thioredoxin. RNA-sequencing analysis of leaf tissue from 'Alamo', a rust-resistant switchgrass cultivar, and 'Dacotah', a rust-susceptible switchgrass cultivar, identified 2634 high quality variants in the RGHs between the two cultivars. RNA-sequencing data from field-grown cultivar 'Summer' plants indicated that the expression of some of these RGHs was developmentally regulated. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide useful insight into the molecular structure, distribution, and expression patterns of members of the NB-LRR gene family in switchgrass. These results also provide a foundation for future work aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance in this important bioenergy crop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan A. Palmer
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937 USA
| | - Fuliang Xie
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858 USA
| | | | - Teresa J. Donze-Reiner
- Department of Biology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, Wester Chester, PA 19382 USA
| | | | - Kevin L. Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Shengqiang Shu
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94595 USA
| | - Jerry W. Jenkins
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94595 USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858 USA
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937 USA
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
- 407 Latham Hall, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
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Characteristics of Three Thioredoxin Genes and Their Role in Chilling Tolerance of Harvested Banana Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091526. [PMID: 27618038 PMCID: PMC5037801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are small proteins with a conserved redox active site WCGPC and are involved in a wide range of cellular redox processes. However, little information on the role of Trx in regulating low-temperature stress of harvested fruit is available. In this study, three full-length Trx cDNAs, designated MaTrx6, MaTrx9 and MaTrx12, were cloned from banana (Musa acuminata) fruit. Phylogenetic analysis and protein sequence alignments showed that MaTrx6 was grouped to h2 type with a typical active site of WCGPC, whereas MaTrx9 and MaTrx12 were assigned to atypical cys his-rich Trxs (ACHT) and h3 type with atypical active sites of GCAGC and WCSPC, respectively. Subcellular localization indicated that MaTrx6 and MaTrx12 were located in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm, respectively, whereas MaTrx9 showed a dual cytoplasmic and chloroplast localization. Application of ethylene induced chilling tolerance of harvested banana fruit, whereas 1-MCP, an inhibitor of ethylene perception, aggravated the development of chilling injury. RT-qPCR analysis showed that expression of MaTrx12 was up-regulated and down-regulated in ethylene- and 1-MCP-treated banana fruit at low temperature, respectively. Furthermore, heterologous expression of MaTrx12 in cytoplasmic Trx-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain increased the viability of the strain under H₂O₂. These results suggest that MaTrx12 plays an important role in the chilling tolerance of harvested banana fruit, possibly by regulating redox homeostasis.
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Osorio-Guarín JA, Enciso-Rodríguez FE, González C, Fernández-Pozo N, Mueller LA, Barrero LS. Association analysis for disease resistance to Fusarium oxysporum in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:248. [PMID: 26988219 PMCID: PMC4797340 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most important disease in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in Colombia. The development of resistant cultivars is considered one of the most cost-effective means to reduce the impact of this disease. In order to do so, it is necessary to provide breeders with molecular markers and promising germplasm for introgression of different resistance loci as part of breeding schemes. Here we described an association mapping study in cape gooseberry with the goal to: (i) select promising materials for use in plant breeding and (ii) identify SNPs associated with the cape gooseberry resistance response to the F. oxysporum pathogen under greenhouse conditions, as potential markers for cape gooseberry breeding. RESULTS We found a total of 21 accessions with different resistance responses within a diversity panel of 100 cape gooseberry accessions. A total of 60,663 SNPs were also identified within the same panel by means of GBS (Genotyping By Sequencing). Model-based population structure and neighbor-joining analyses showed three populations comprising the cape gooseberry panel. After correction for population structure and kinship, we identified SNPs markers associated with the resistance response against F. oxysporum. The identification of markers was based on common tags using the reference genomes of tomato and potato as well as the root/stem transcriptome of cape gooseberry. By comparing their location with the tomato genome, 16 SNPs were found in genes involved in defense/resistance response to pathogens, likewise when compared with the genome of potato, 12 markers were related. CONCLUSIONS The work presented herein provides the first association mapping study in cape gooseberry showing both the identification of promising accessions with resistance response phenotypes and the identification of a set of SNP markers mapped to defense/resistance response genes of reference genomes. Thus, the work also provides new knowledge on candidate genes involved in the P. peruviana - F. oxysporum pathosystem as a foundation for further validation in marker-assisted selection. The results have important implications for conservation and breeding strategies in cape gooseberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A. Osorio-Guarín
- />Tibaitatá Research Center, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Corpoica, Km 14 vía Mosquera, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felix E. Enciso-Rodríguez
- />Tibaitatá Research Center, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Corpoica, Km 14 vía Mosquera, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina González
- />Tibaitatá Research Center, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Corpoica, Km 14 vía Mosquera, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Luz Stella Barrero
- />Agrobiodiversity Department, National Direction of Research and Development, Corpoica, Km 14 vía Mosquera, Bogotá, Colombia
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Expression of genes involved in the salicylic acid pathway in type h1 thioredoxin transiently silenced pepper plants during a begomovirus compatible interaction. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:819-30. [PMID: 26606929 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The type-h thioredoxins (TRXs) play a fundamental role in oxidative stress tolerance and defense responses against pathogens. In pepper plants, type-h TRXs participate in the defense mechanism against Cucumber mosaic virus. The goal of this study was to analyze the role of the CaTRXh1-cicy gene in pepper plants during compatible interaction with a DNA virus, the Euphorbia mosaic virus-Yucatan Peninsula (EuMV-YP). The effects of a transient silencing of the CaTRXh1-cicy gene in pepper plants wëre evaluated by observing the accumulation of viral DNA and the visible symptoms of pepper plants under different treatments. The accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and the relative expression of the defense genes NPR1 and PR10 were also evaluated. Results showed that viral DNA accumulation was higher in transiently CaTRXh1-cicy silenced plants that were also infected with EuMV-YP. Symptoms in these plants were more severe compared to the non-silenced plants infected with EuMV-YP. The SA levels in the EuMV-YP-infected plants were rapidly induced at 1 h post infection (hpi) in comparison to the non-silenced plants inoculated with EuMV-YP. Additionally, in pepper plants infected with EuMV-YP, the expression of NPR1 decreased by up to 41 and 58 % at 28 days post infection (dpi) compared to the non-silenced pepper plants infected with only EuMV-YP and healthy non-inoculated pepper plants, respectively. PR10 gene expression decreased by up to 70 % at 28 dpi. Overall, the results indicate that the CaTRXh1-cicy gene participates in defense mechanisms during the compatible interaction of pepper plants with the EuMV-YP DNA virus.
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Leng P, Ji Q, Tao Y, Ibrahim R, Pan G, Xu M, Lübberstedt T. Characterization of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Scmv1 and Scmv2 Resistance Regions by Regional Association Analysis in Maize. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140617. [PMID: 26488483 PMCID: PMC4619251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV) causes one of the most severe virus diseases in maize worldwide, resulting in reduced grain and forage yield in susceptible cultivars. In this study, two association panels consisting of 94 inbred lines each, from China and the U.S., were characterized for resistance to two isolates: SCMV-Seehausen and SCMV-BJ. The population structure of both association panels was analyzed using 3072 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The Chinese and the U.S. panel were both subdivided into two sub-populations, the latter comprised of Stiff Stalk Synthetic (SS) lines and Non Stiff Stalk Synthetic (NSS). The relative kinships were calculated using informative 2947 SNPs with minor allele frequency ≥ 5% and missing data ≤ 20% for the Chinese panel and 2841 SNPs with the same characteristics were used for the U.S. panel. The Scmv1 region was genotyped using 7 single sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-tagged site (STS) markers, and 12 SSR markers were used for the Scmv2 region in the U.S. panel, while 5 of them were used for the Chinese panel. For all traits, a MLM (Mix Linear Model) controlling both population structure and relative kinship (Q + K) was used for association analysis. Three markers Trx-1, STS-11, and STS-12 located in the Scmv1 region were strongly associated (P = 0.001) with SCMV resistance, and explained more than 16.0%, 10.6%, and 19.7% of phenotypic variation, respectively. 207FG003 located in the Scmv2 region was significantly associated (P = 0.001) with SCMV resistance, and explained around 18.5% of phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Leng
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China; Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Yongfu Tao
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Rania Ibrahim
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Guangtang Pan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mingliang Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Thomas Lübberstedt
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
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Li L, Hu L, Han LP, Ji H, Zhu Y, Wang X, Ge J, Xu M, Shen D, Dong H. Expression of turtle riboflavin-binding protein represses mitochondrial electron transport gene expression and promotes flowering in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:381. [PMID: 25547226 PMCID: PMC4310184 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently we showed that de novo expression of a turtle riboflavin-binding protein (RfBP) in transgenic Arabidopsis increased H2O2 concentrations inside leaf cells, enhanced the expression of floral regulatory gene FD and floral meristem identity gene AP1 at the shoot apex, and induced early flowering. Here we report that RfBP-induced H2O2 presumably results from electron leakage at the mitochondrial electron transport chain (METC) and this source of H2O2 contributes to the early flowering phenotype. RESULTS While enhanced expression of FD and AP1 at the shoot apex was correlated with early flowering, the foliar expression of 13 of 19 METC genes was repressed in RfBP-expressing (RfBP+) plants. Inside RfBP+ leaf cells, cytosolic H2O2 concentrations were increased possibly through electron leakage because similar responses were also induced by a known inducer of electron leakage from METC. Early flowering no longer occurred when the repression on METC genes was eliminated by RfBP gene silencing, which restored RfBP+ to wild type in levels of FD and AP1 expression, H2O2, and flavins. Flowering was delayed by the external riboflavin application, which brought gene expression and flavins back to the steady-state levels but only caused 55% reduction of H2O2 concentrations in RfBP+ plants. RfBP-repressed METC gene expression remedied the cytosolic H2O2 diminution by genetic disruption of transcription factor NFXLl and compensated for compromises in FD and AP1 expression and flowering time. By contrast, RfBP resembled a peroxisomal catalase mutation, which augments the cytosolic H2O2, to enhance FD and AP1 expression and induce early flowering. CONCLUSIONS RfBP-repressed METC gene expression potentially causes electron leakage as one of cellular sources for the generation of H2O2 with the promoting effect on flowering. The repressive effect on METC gene expression is not the only way by which RfBP induces H2O2 and currently unappreciated factors may also function under RfBP+ background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University and State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University and State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Li-Ping Han
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University and State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Hongtao Ji
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University and State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yueyue Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University and State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University and State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University and State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Manyu Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University and State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University and State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Hansong Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University and State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Horn F, Habekuß A, Stich B. Genes involved in barley yellow dwarf virus resistance of maize. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2014; 127:2575-84. [PMID: 25261982 PMCID: PMC4236618 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The results of our study suggest that genes involved in general resistance mechanisms of plants contribute to variation of BYDV resistance in maize. With increasing winter temperatures in Europe, Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is expected to become a prominent problem in maize cultivation. Breeding for resistance is the best strategy to control the disease and break the transmission cycle of the virus. The objectives of our study were (1) to determine genetic variation with respect to BYDV resistance in a broad germplasm set and (2) to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers linked to genes that are involved in BYDV resistance. An association mapping population with 267 genotypes representing the world's maize gene pool was grown in the greenhouse. Plants were inoculated with BYDV-PAV using viruliferous Rhopalosiphum padi. In the association mapping population, we observed considerable genotypic variance for the trait virus extinction as measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and the infection rate. In a genome-wide association study, we observed three SNPs significantly [false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.05] associated with the virus extinction on chromosome 10 explaining together 25 % of the phenotypic variance and five SNPs for the infection rate on chromosomes 4 and 10 explaining together 33 % of the phenotypic variance. The SNPs significantly associated with BYDV resistance can be used in marker assisted selection and will accelerate the breeding process for the development of BYDV resistant maize genotypes. Furthermore, these SNPs were located within genes which were in other organisms described to play a role in general resistance mechanisms. This suggests that these genes contribute to variation of BYDV resistance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Horn
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Antje Habekuß
- Julius Kuehn-Institute, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stich
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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Huerta-Ocampo JA, Barrera-Pacheco A, Mendoza-Hernández CS, Espitia-Rangel E, Mock HP, Barba de la Rosa AP. Salt stress-induced alterations in the root proteome of Amaranthus cruentus L. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3607-27. [PMID: 24942474 DOI: 10.1021/pr500153m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major factors limiting crop productivity worldwide. Amaranth is a highly nutritious pseudocereal with remarkable nutraceutical properties; it is also a stress-tolerant plant, making it an alternative crop for sustainable food production in semiarid conditions. A two-dimensional electrophoresis gel coupled with a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach was applied in order to analyze the changes in amaranth root protein accumulation in plants subjected to salt stress under hydroponic conditions during the osmotic phase (1 h), after recovery (24 h), and during the ionic phase of salt stress (168 h). A total of 101 protein spots were differentially accumulated in response to stress, in which 77 were successfully identified by LC-MS/MS and a database search against public and amaranth transcriptome databases. The resulting proteins were grouped into different categories of biological processes according to Gene Ontology. The identification of several protein isoforms with a change in pI and/or molecular weight reveals the importance of the salt-stress-induced posttranslational modifications in stress tolerance. Interestingly stress-responsive proteins unique to amaranth, for example, Ah24, were identified. Amaranth is a stress-tolerant alternative crop for sustainable food production, and the understanding of amaranth's stress tolerance mechanisms will provide valuable input to improve stress tolerance of other crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Huerta-Ocampo
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C. , Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
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Zhao Y, Li C, Ge J, Xu M, Zhu Q, Wu T, Guo A, Xie J, Dong H. Recessive mutation identifies auxin-repressed protein ARP1, which regulates growth and disease resistance in tobacco. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:638-54. [PMID: 24875793 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-13-0250-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To study the molecular mechanism that underpins crosstalk between plant growth and disease resistance, we performed a mutant screening on tobacco and created a recessive mutation that caused the phenotype of growth enhancement and resistance impairment (geri1). In the geri1 mutant, growth enhancement accompanies promoted expression of growth-promoting genes, whereas repressed expression of defense response genes is consistent with impaired resistance to diseases caused by viral, bacterial, and oomycete pathogens. The geri1 allele identifies a single genetic locus hypothetically containing the tagged GERI1 gene. The isolated GERI1 gene was predicted to encode auxin-repressed protein ARP1, which was determined to be 13.5 kDa in size. The ARP1/GERI1 gene was further characterized as a repressor of plant growth and an activator of disease resistance based on genetic complementation, gene silencing, and overexpression analyses. ARP1/GERI1 resembles pathogen-associated molecular patterns and is required for them to repress plant growth and activate plant immunity responses. ARP1/GERI1 represses growth by inhibiting the expression of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR gene ARF8, and ARP1/GERI1 recruits the NPR1 gene, which is essential for the salicylic-acid-mediated defense, to coregulate disease resistance. In conclusion, ARP1/GERI1 is an integral regulator for crosstalk between growth and disease resistance in the plant.
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Pereira JL, Queiroz RML, Charneau SO, Felix CR, Ricart CAO, da Silva FL, Steindorff AS, Ulhoa CJ, Noronha EF. Analysis of Phaseolus vulgaris response to its association with Trichoderma harzianum (ALL-42) in the presence or absence of the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98234. [PMID: 24878929 PMCID: PMC4039509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma harzianum (ALL 42-isolated from Brazilian Cerrado soil) to promote common bean growth and to modulate its metabolism and defense response in the presence or absence of the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani using a proteomic approach. T. harzianum was able to promote common bean plants growth as shown by the increase in root/foliar areas and by size in comparison to plants grown in its absence. The interaction was shown to modulate the expression of defense-related genes (Glu1, pod3 and lox1) in roots of P. vulgaris. Proteomic maps constructed using roots and leaves of plants challenged or unchallenged by T. harzianum and phytopathogenic fungi showed differences. Reference gels presented differences in spot distribution (absence/presence) and relative volumes of common spots (up or down-regulation). Differential spots were identified by peptide fingerprinting MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 48 identified spots (19 for leaves and 29 for roots) were grouped into protein functional classes. For leaves, 33%, 22% and 11% of the identified proteins were categorized as pertaining to the groups: metabolism, defense response and oxidative stress response, respectively. For roots, 17.2%, 24.1% and 10.3% of the identified proteins were categorized as pertaining to the groups: metabolism, defense response and oxidative stress response, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline L. Pereira
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rayner M. L. Queiroz
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Sébastien O. Charneau
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Felix
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. O. Ricart
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Andrei Stecca Steindorff
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Cirano J. Ulhoa
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Eliane F. Noronha
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Kumar D, Datta R, Sinha R, Ghosh A, Chattopadhyay S. Proteomic profiling of γ-ECS overexpressed transgenic Nicotiana in response to drought stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e29246. [PMID: 25763614 PMCID: PMC4203497 DOI: 10.4161/psb.29246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of Glutathione (GSH) in drought stress tolerance is an established fact. However, the proteins which are directly or indirectly related to the increased level of GSH in response to drought stress are yet to be known. To explore this, here, transgenic tobacco plants (NtGp11) overexpressing gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS) was tested for tolerance against drought stress. NtGp11 conferred tolerance to drought stress by increased germination rate, water retention, water recovery, chlorophyll, and proline content compared with wild-type plants. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcript levels of stress-responsive genes were higher in NtGp11 compared with wild-type in response to drought stress. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with MALDI TOF-TOF MS/MS analysis has been used to identify 43 differentially expressed proteins in response to drought in wild-type and NtGp11 plants. The results demonstrated the up-accumulation of 58.1% of proteins among which 36%, 24%, and 20% of them were related to stress and defense, carbon metabolism and energy metabolism categories, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GSH plays an important role in combating drought stress in plants by inducing stress related genes and proteins like HSP70, chalcone synthase, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin peroxidase, ACC oxidase, and heme oxygenase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Plant Biology Laboratory; Drug Development/Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; Kolkata, India
| | - Riddhi Datta
- Plant Biology Laboratory; Drug Development/Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; Kolkata, India
| | - Ragini Sinha
- Plant Biology Laboratory; Drug Development/Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; Kolkata, India
| | - Aparupa Ghosh
- Plant Biology Laboratory; Drug Development/Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; Kolkata, India
| | - Sharmila Chattopadhyay
- Plant Biology Laboratory; Drug Development/Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; Kolkata, India
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Zheng W, Ma L, Zhao J, Li Z, Sun F, Lu X. Comparative transcriptome analysis of two rice varieties in response to rice stripe virus and small brown planthoppers during early interaction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82126. [PMID: 24358146 PMCID: PMC3864904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe, a virus disease, transmitted by a small brown planthopper (SBPH), has greatly reduced production of japonica rice in East Asia, especially in China. Although we have made great progress in mapping resistance genes, little is known about the mechanism of resistance. By de novo transcriptome assembling, we gained sufficient transcript data to analyze changes in gene expression of early interaction in response to SBPH and RSV infection in rice. Respectively 648 and 937 DEGs were detected from the disease-resistant (Liaonong 979) and the susceptible (Fengjin) varieties, most of which were up-regulated. We found 37 genes related to insect resistance, which mainly included genes for jasmonate-induced protein, TIFY protein, lipoxygenase, as well as trypsin inhibitor genes and transcription factor genes. In the interaction process between RSV and rice, 87 genes were thought to be related to RSV resistance; these primarily included 12 peroxidase biosynthesis genes, 12 LRR receptor-like protein kinase genes, 6 genes coding pathogenesis-related proteins, 4 glycine-rich cell wall structural protein genes, 2 xyloglucan hydrolase genes and a cellulose synthase. The results indicate that the rice-pathogen interaction happened both in disease-resistant and susceptible varieties, and some genes related to JA biosynthesis played key roles in the interaction between SBPHs and rice. When rice was infected by RSV a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in the disease-resistant variety was suppressed, which resulted from an increase in peroxidase expression and down-regulation of LRR receptor-like protein kinase and pathogenesis-related proteins, while, the changes of peroxidase biosynthesis, glycine-rich cell wall structural protein, cellulose synthase and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase could lead to the strengthening of physical barriers of rice, which may be an important resistance mechanism to RSV in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zheng
- Liaoning Innovation Center of the Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Plant Protection College of Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Zhao
- Liaoning Innovation Center of the Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Liaoning Plant Protection Institute of the Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyu Sun
- Liaoning Plant Protection Institute of the Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (FS); (XL)
| | - Xiaochun Lu
- Liaoning Innovation Center of the Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (FS); (XL)
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