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Taleb SJ, Ye Q, Baoyinna B, Dedad M, Pisini D, Parinandi NL, Cantley LC, Zhao J, Zhao Y. Molecular Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1-induced Thioredoxin-interacting Protein Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation in Lung Fibroblasts: Implication in Pulmonary Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 1:10002. [PMID: 38529321 PMCID: PMC10962057 DOI: 10.35534/jrbtm.2024.10002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) plays a critical role in regulation of cellular redox reactions and inflammatory responses by interacting with thioredoxin (TRX) or the inflammasome. The role of TXNIP in lung fibrosis and molecular regulation of its stability have not been well studied. Therefore, here we investigated the molecular regulation of TXNIP stability and its role in TGF-β1-mediated signaling in lung fibroblasts. TXNIP protein levels were significantly decreased in lung tissues from bleomycin-challenged mice. Overexpression of TXNIP attenuated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and fibronectin expression in lung fibroblasts, suggesting that decrease in TXNIP may contribute to the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Further, we observed that TGF-β1 lowered TXNIP protein levels, while TXNIP mRNA levels were unaltered by TGF-β1 exposure. TGF-β1 induced TXNIP degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. A serine residue mutant (TNXIP-S308A) was resistant to TGF-β1-induced degradation. Furthermore, downregulationof ubiquitin-specific protease-13 (USP13) promoted the TGF-β1-induced TXNIP ubiquitination and degradation. Mechanistic studies revealed that USP13 targeted and deubiquitinated TXNIP. The results of this study revealed that the decrease of TXNIP in lungs apparently contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and that USP13 can target TXNP for deubiquitination and regulate its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Taleb
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qinmao Ye
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Boina Baoyinna
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Dedad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dakshin Pisini
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Lewis C Cantley
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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2
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Jazieh C, Arabi TZ, Asim Z, Sabbah BN, Alsaud AW, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Unraveling the epigenetic fabric of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1295967. [PMID: 38323108 PMCID: PMC10845351 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1295967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly escalating global health concern, with its prevalence projected to increase significantly in the near future. This review delves into the intricate role of epigenetic modifications - including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression - in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. We critically examine how these epigenetic changes contribute to the onset and exacerbation of T2DM by influencing key pathogenic processes such as obesity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we explore the involvement of epigenetic dysregulation in T2DM-associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. This review highlights recent studies that underscore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic modifications in T2DM. We also provide an overview of the impact of lifestyle factors such as exercise and diet on the epigenetic landscape of T2DM, underscoring their relevance in disease management. Our synthesis of the current literature aims to illuminate the complex epigenetic underpinnings of T2DM, offering insights into novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that could revolutionize its management.
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Li A, Guan L, Su W, Zhao N, Song X, Wang J, Tang X, Li W, Jiao X. TXNIP inhibition in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of quinazoline derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2166937. [PMID: 36651294 PMCID: PMC9858527 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2166937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is a potential drug target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. A series of quinazoline derivatives were designed, synthesised, and evaluated to inhibit TXNIP expression and protect from palmitate (PA)-induced β cell injury. In vitro cell viability assay showed that compounds D-2 and C-1 could effectively protect β cell from PA-induced apoptosis, and subsequent results showed that these two compounds decreased TXNIP expression by accelerating its protein degradation. Mechanistically, compounds D-2 and C-1 reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and modulated TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome signalling, and thus alleviating oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response under PA insult. Besides, these two compounds were predicted to possess better drug-likeness properties using SwissADME. The present study showed that compounds D-2 and C-1, especially compound D-2, were potent pancreatic β cell protective agents to inhibit TXNIP expression and might serve as promising lead candidates for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Li Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Wanzhen Su
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Xuwen Song
- College of Pharmacy, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Weize Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, PR China,CONTACT Xiangying Jiao Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan030001, PR China
| | - Xiangying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China,Weize Li College of Pharmacy, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an710021, PR China
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Deng J, Pan T, Liu Z, McCarthy C, Vicencio JM, Cao L, Alfano G, Suwaidan AA, Yin M, Beatson R, Ng T. The role of TXNIP in cancer: a fine balance between redox, metabolic, and immunological tumor control. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1877-1892. [PMID: 37794178 PMCID: PMC10703902 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is commonly considered a master regulator of cellular oxidation, regulating the expression and function of Thioredoxin (Trx). Recent work has identified that TXNIP has a far wider range of additional roles: from regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, to cell cycle arrest and inflammation. Its expression is increased by stressors commonly found in neoplastic cells and the wider tumor microenvironment (TME), and, as such, TXNIP has been extensively studied in cancers. In this review, we evaluate the current literature regarding the regulation and the function of TXNIP, highlighting its emerging role in modulating signaling between different cell types within the TME. We then assess current and future translational opportunities and the associated challenges in this area. An improved understanding of the functions and mechanisms of TXNIP in cancers may enhance its suitability as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Pan
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caitlin McCarthy
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Vicencio
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Giovanna Alfano
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ali Abdulnabi Suwaidan
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Beatson
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), Rayne 9 Building, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, London, UK.
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Xu G, Chen J, Lu B, Sethupathy P, Qian WJ, Shalev A. Verapamil Prevents Decline of IGF-I in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes and Promotes β-Cell IGF-I Signaling. Diabetes 2023; 72:1460-1469. [PMID: 37494660 PMCID: PMC10545554 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Verapamil promotes functional β-cell mass and improves glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice and humans with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Now, our global proteomics analysis of serum from subjects with T1D at baseline and after 1 year of receiving verapamil or placebo revealed IGF-I as a protein with significantly changed abundance over time. IGF-I, which promotes β-cell survival and insulin secretion, decreased during disease progression, and this decline was blunted by verapamil. In addition, we found that verapamil reduces β-cell expression of IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), whereas IGFBP3 was increased in human islets exposed to T1D-associated cytokines and in diabetic NOD mouse islets. IGFBP3 binds IGF-I and blocks its downstream signaling, which has been associated with increased β-cell apoptosis and impaired glucose homeostasis. Consistent with the downregulation of IGFBP3, we have now discovered that verapamil increases β-cell IGF-I signaling and phosphorylation/activation of the IGF-I receptor (IGF1R). Moreover, we found that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a proapoptotic factor downregulated by verapamil, promotes IGFBP3 expression and inhibits the phosphorylation/activation of IGF1R. Thus, our results reveal IGF-I signaling as yet another previously unappreciated pathway affected by verapamil and TXNIP that may contribute to the beneficial verapamil effects in the context of T1D. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Verapamil prevents the decline of IGF-I in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Verapamil decreases the expression of β-cell IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), whereas IGFBP3 is increased in human and mouse islets under T1D conditions. Verapamil promotes β-cell IGF-I signaling by increasing phosphorylation of IGF-I receptor and its downstream effector AKT. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) increases IGFBP3 expression and inhibits the phosphorylation/activation of IGF1R in β-cells. Regulation of IGFBP3 and IGF-I signaling by verapamil and TXNIP may contribute to the beneficial verapamil effects in the context of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Xu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Junqin Chen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Brian Lu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Anath Shalev
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Keller MP, Hudkins KL, Shalev A, Bhatnagar S, Kebede MA, Merrins MJ, Davis DB, Alpers CE, Kimple ME, Attie AD. What the BTBR/J mouse has taught us about diabetes and diabetic complications. iScience 2023; 26:107036. [PMID: 37360692 PMCID: PMC10285641 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and mouse genetics have delivered numerous diabetogenic loci, but it is mainly through the use of animal models that the pathophysiological basis for their contribution to diabetes has been investigated. More than 20 years ago, we serendipidously identified a mouse strain that could serve as a model of obesity-prone type 2 diabetes, the BTBR (Black and Tan Brachyury) mouse (BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J, 2018) carrying the Lepob mutation. We went on to discover that the BTBR-Lepob mouse is an excellent model of diabetic nephropathy and is now widely used by nephrologists in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, we describe the motivation for developing this animal model, the many genes identified and the insights about diabetes and diabetes complications derived from >100 studies conducted in this remarkable animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kelly L. Hudkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anath Shalev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, UK
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, UK
| | - Melkam A. Kebede
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Merrins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dawn Belt Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Charles E. Alpers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michelle E. Kimple
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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7
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Choi EH, Park SJ. TXNIP: A key protein in the cellular stress response pathway and a potential therapeutic target. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-01019-8. [PMID: 37394581 PMCID: PMC10393958 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), which is also known as thioredoxin-binding protein 2 (TBP2), directly interacts with the major antioxidant protein thioredoxin (TRX) and inhibits its antioxidant function and expression. However, recent studies have demonstrated that TXNIP is a multifunctional protein with functions beyond increasing intracellular oxidative stress. TXNIP activates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex formation, triggers mitochondrial stress-induced apoptosis, and stimulates inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). These newly discovered functions of TXNIP highlight its role in disease development, especially in response to several cellular stress factors. In this review, we provide an overview of the multiple functions of TXNIP in pathological conditions and summarize its involvement in various diseases, such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss the potential of TXNIP as a therapeutic target and TXNIP inhibitors as novel therapeutic drugs for treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Hwan Choi
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ji Park
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, South Korea.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Ajmal N, Bogart MC, Khan P, Max-Harry IM, Nunemaker CS. Emerging Anti-Diabetic Drugs for Beta-Cell Protection in Type 1 Diabetes. Cells 2023; 12:1472. [PMID: 37296593 PMCID: PMC10253164 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that damages beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and results in hyperglycemia due to the loss of insulin. Exogenous insulin therapy can save lives but does not halt disease progression. Thus, an effective therapy may require beta-cell restoration and suppression of the autoimmune response. However, currently, there are no treatment options available that can halt T1D. Within the National Clinical Trial (NCT) database, a vast majority of over 3000 trials to treat T1D are devoted to insulin therapy. This review focuses on non-insulin pharmacological therapies. Many investigational new drugs fall under the category of immunomodulators, such as the recently FDA-approved CD-3 monoclonal antibody teplizumab. Four intriguing candidate drugs fall outside the category of immunomodulators, which are the focus of this review. Specifically, we discuss several non-immunomodulators that may have more direct action on beta cells, such as verapamil (a voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker), gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA, a major neurotransmitter with effects on beta cells), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone), and volagidemab (a glucagon receptor antagonist). These emerging anti-diabetic drugs are expected to provide promising results in both beta-cell restoration and in suppressing cytokine-derived inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Ajmal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.A.); (P.K.); (I.M.M.-H.)
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | | | - Palwasha Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.A.); (P.K.); (I.M.M.-H.)
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Ibiagbani M. Max-Harry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.A.); (P.K.); (I.M.M.-H.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Craig S. Nunemaker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.A.); (P.K.); (I.M.M.-H.)
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Schneider MR, Zettler S, Rathkolb B, Dahlhoff M. TXNIP overexpression in mice enhances streptozotocin-induced diabetes severity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 565:111885. [PMID: 36773839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a key player in the endocrine pancreas; it induces beta cell apoptosis, such that TXNIP deficiency promotes beta cell survival. To study its function in more detail, we generated transgenic mice with ubiquitous overexpression of TXNIP. CBATXNIP/+ mice were investigated under basal conditions and after being challenged in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) models. TXNIP overexpression caused no effect in the DIO model, contrasting to the already reported TXNIP-deficient mice. However, in the T1DM background, CBATXNIP/+ animals showed significantly enhanced blood glucose and increased glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test. Finally, the beta cell mass of CBATXNIP/+ transgenic animals in the T1DM model was significantly reduced compared to control littermates. Our study demonstrates that overexpression of TXNIP doesn't affect blood glucose parameters under basal conditions. However, overexpression of TXNIP in a T1DM model enhances the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silja Zettler
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Li Y, Deng W, Wu J, He Q, Yang G, Luo X, Jia Y, Duan Y, Zhou L, Liu D. TXNIP Exacerbates the Senescence and Aging-Related Dysfunction of β Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest Through p38-p16/p21-CDK-Rb Pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:480-495. [PMID: 36070438 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a crucial molecular promoter of oxidative stress and has been identified to be associated with cellular senescence. It is an important mediator of β cell insulin secretion and has effects on β cell mass. However, its role in β cell senescence is unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of TXNIP on the senescence and aging- and diet-related dysfunction of β cells. Methods: Human pancreatic paraffin tissues and serum samples from different ages were collected to detect TXNIP expression. TXNIP-/- and C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) until 5, 11, 14, or 20 months. The recapitulation experiment was conducted with TXNIP protein injection. MIN6 cells were transfected with LV-TXNIP and LV-siTXNIP. The biochemical indexes, ageing-related markers, cell cycle proteins, and pathways were examined both in vivo and in vitro. Results: TXNIP expression showed an age-related increase in β cells and serum samples from humans. TXNIP significantly impaired glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in an age-dependent manner. TXNIP aggravated age-related and obesity-induced structural failure, oxidative stress, decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis in β cells, and induced the cell cycle arrest. TXNIP interacted with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and modulated the p16/p21-CDK-Rb axis to accelerate β cell senescence. Innovation and Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that TXNIP may exacerbate pancreatic β cell senescence and age-related dysfunction by inducing cell cycle arrest through the p38-p16/p21-CDK-Rb pathway, in natural and pathological states. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 480-495.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenzhen Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qirui He
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqian Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhou D, Li X, Xiao X, Wang G, Chen B, Song Y, Liu X, He Q, Zhang H, Wu Q, Zhang L, Wu L, Shen Z, Hassan M, Zhao Y, Zhou W. Celastrol targets the ChREBP-TXNIP axis to ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154634. [PMID: 36603341 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) plays a pivotal role in regulation of blood glucose homeostasis and is an emerging therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications. Celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, can reduce insulin resistance and improve diabetic complications. PURPOSE This study aimed to untangle the mechanism of celastrol in ameliorating type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and evaluate its potential benefits as an anti-diabetic agent. METHODS db/db mice was used to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of celastrol in vivo; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 2-NBDG assay were used to detect the effect of celastrol on insulin secretion and glucose uptake in cells; Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistological staining were used to examine effect of celastrol on the expression of TXNIP and the carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP). Molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), drug affinity responsive targets stability assay (DARTS) and mass spectrometry were used to test the direct binding between celastrol and ChREBP. Loss- and gain-of-function studies further confirmed the role of ChREBP and TXNIP in celastrol-mediated amelioration of T2DM. RESULTS Celastrol treatment significantly reduced blood glucose level, body weight and food intake, and improved glucose tolerance in db/db mice. Moreover, celastrol promoted insulin secretion and improved glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, celastrol directly bound to ChREBP, a primary transcriptional factor upregulating TXNIP expression. By binding to ChREBP, celastrol inhibited its nuclear translocation and promoted its proteasomal degradation, thereby repressing TXNIP transcription and ultimately ameliorating T2DM through breaking the vicious cycle of hyperglycemia deterioration and TXNIP overexpression. CONCLUSION Celastrol ameliorates T2DM through targeting ChREBP-TXNIP aix. Our study identified ChREBP as a new direct molecular target of celastrol and revealed a novel mechanism for celastrol-mediated amelioration of T2DM, which provides experimental evidence for its possible use in the treatment of T2DM and new insight into diabetes drug development for targeting TXNIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanfang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China; Department of pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China; Key laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Qichen He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuya Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengze Shen
- Department of pharmacy, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Division of Bio-molecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Ying Zhao
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Division of Bio-molecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Weiying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China; Key laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
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Dagdeviren S, Lee RT, Wu N. Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Thioredoxin Interacting Protein: A Perspective on Redox Inflammation and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:442-460. [PMID: 35754346 PMCID: PMC9968628 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is a member of the arrestin fold superfamily with important cellular functions, including cellular transport, mitochondrial energy generation, and protein cycling. It is the only arrestin-domain protein known to covalently bind to thioredoxin and plays roles in glucose metabolism, inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer. Recent Advances: The crystal structure of the TXNIP-thioredoxin complex provided details about this fascinating interaction. Recent studies showed that TXNIP is induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activates NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, and can regulate glucose transport into cells. The tumor suppressor role of TXNIP in various cancer types and the role of TXNIP in fructose absorption are now described. Critical Issues: The influence of TXNIP on redox state is more complex than its interaction with thioredoxin. Future Directions: It is incompletely understood which functions of TXNIP are thioredoxin-dependent. It is also unclear whether TXNIP binding can inhibit glucose transporters without endocytosis. TXNIP-regulated control of ER stress should also be investigated further. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 442-460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Dagdeviren
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ning Wu
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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Regulation of Pancreatic TXNIP-Insulin Expression Levels after Bariatric Surgery Using Diabetic Rodent Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:9563359. [PMID: 36733403 PMCID: PMC9889143 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9563359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on pancreatic thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and insulin expression levels. The research question is does bariatric surgery induce changes in the pancreatic TXNIP level, given that TXNIP has been proposed as a key glucose control factor? Methods Using nondiabetic and diabetic rats, we investigated whether our streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models exhibited changes in pancreatic TXNIP regulation. Following this confirmation, we randomly divided the diabetic rats into the following three groups: the gastric bypass group (n = 16), pair-fed group (n = 10), and sham group (n = 10). Preoperatively and 3 weeks postoperatively, all the rats underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, and blood sampling procedures for hormonal analysis. Results The TXNIP messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels were significantly lower in the gastric bypass group than in the other groups. Regarding the gastric bypass group, the pancreatic mRNA expression levels of microRNA-204 (miR-204) and MafA were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than in the other groups. Furthermore, the levels of pancreatic insulin expression at the mRNA and protein levels were also significantly higher in the gastric bypass group than in the other groups. Conclusion Bariatric surgery significantly improved glucose control and regulated the pancreatic insulin production pathways of TXNIP, miR-204, and MafA. The regulation of TXNIP, miR-204, and MafA might play an important role in the mechanism of diabetes remission following bariatric surgery.
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Chen G, Wei T, Ju F, Li H. Protein quality control and aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum: From basic to bedside. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1156152. [PMID: 37152279 PMCID: PMC10154544 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1156152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest membrane-bound compartment in all cells and functions as a key regulator in protein biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and calcium balance. Mammalian endoplasmic reticulum has evolved with an orchestrated protein quality control system to handle defective proteins and ensure endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Nevertheless, the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum may occur during pathological conditions. The inability of endoplasmic reticulum quality control system to clear faulty proteins and aggregates from the endoplasmic reticulum results in the development of many human disorders. The efforts to comprehensively understand endoplasmic reticulum quality control network and protein aggregation will benefit the diagnostics and therapeutics of endoplasmic reticulum storage diseases. Herein, we overview recent advances in mammalian endoplasmic reticulum protein quality control system, describe protein phase transition model, and summarize the approaches to monitor protein aggregation. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic applications of enhancing endoplasmic reticulum protein quality control pathways in endoplasmic reticulum storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyi Wei
- Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Ju
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sha Tin, Hong kong SAR, China
| | - Haisen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- AoBio Medical, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Haisen Li,
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Stancill JS, Corbett JA. Hydrogen peroxide detoxification through the peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin antioxidant system: A look at the pancreatic β-cell oxidant defense. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 121:45-66. [PMID: 36707143 PMCID: PMC10058777 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, are formed when molecular oxygen obtains additional electrons, increasing its reactivity. While low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide are necessary for regulation of normal cellular signaling events, high concentrations can be toxic. To maintain this balance between beneficial and deleterious concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, cells utilize antioxidants. Our recent work supports a primary role for peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin, and thioredoxin reductase as the oxidant defense pathway used by insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. These three players work in an antioxidant cycle based on disulfide exchange, with oxidized targets ultimately being reduced using electrons provided by NADPH. Peroxiredoxins also participate in hydrogen peroxide-based signaling through disulfide exchange with redox-regulated target proteins. This chapter will describe the catalytic mechanisms of thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and peroxiredoxin and provide an in-depth look at the roles these enzymes play in antioxidant defense pathways of insulin-secreting β-cells. Finally, we will evaluate the physiological relevance of peroxiredoxin-mediated hydrogen peroxide signaling as a regulator of β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Stancill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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Lu B, Chen J, Xu G, Grayson TB, Jing G, Jo S, Shalev A. Alpha Cell Thioredoxin-interacting Protein Deletion Improves Diabetes-associated Hyperglycemia and Hyperglucagonemia. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac133. [PMID: 35957590 PMCID: PMC10233251 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has emerged as a key factor in pancreatic beta cell biology, and its upregulation by glucose and diabetes contributes to the impairment in functional beta cell mass and glucose homeostasis. In addition, beta cell deletion of TXNIP protects against diabetes in different mouse models. However, while TXNIP is ubiquitously expressed, its role in pancreatic alpha cells has remained elusive. We generated an alpha cell TXNIP knockout (aTKO) mouse and assessed the effects on glucose homeostasis. While no significant changes were observed on regular chow, after a 30-week high-fat diet, aTKO animals showed improvement in glucose tolerance and lower blood glucose levels compared to their control littermates. Moreover, in the context of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, aTKO mice showed significantly lower blood glucose levels compared to controls. While serum insulin levels were reduced in both control and aTKO mice, STZ-induced diabetes significantly increased glucagon levels in control mice, but this effect was blunted in aTKO mice. Moreover, glucagon secretion from aTKO islets was >2-fold lower than from control islets, while insulin secretion was unchanged in aTKO islets. At the same time, no change in alpha cell or beta cell numbers or mass was observed, and glucagon and insulin expression and content were comparable in isolated islets from aTKO and control mice. Thus together the current studies suggest that downregulation of alpha cell TXNIP is associated with reduced glucagon secretion and that this may contribute to the glucose-lowering effects observed in diabetic aTKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Junqin Chen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Guanlan Xu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Truman B Grayson
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Gu Jing
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - SeongHo Jo
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anath Shalev
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Behl T, Gupta A, Albratty M, Najmi A, Meraya AM, Alhazmi HA, Anwer MK, Bhatia S, Bungau SG. Alkaloidal Phytoconstituents for Diabetes Management: Exploring the Unrevealed Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185851. [PMID: 36144587 PMCID: PMC9501853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main characteristic feature of diabetes mellitus is the disturbance of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, which results in insulin insufficiency and can also lead to insulin resistance. Both the acute and chronic diabetic cases are increasing at an exponential rate, which is also flagged by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Treatment of diabetes mellitus with synthetic drugs often fails to provide desired results and limits its use to symptomatic treatment only. This has resulted in the exploration of alternative medicine, of which herbal treatment is gaining popularity these days. Owing to their safety benefits, treatment compliance, and ability to exhibit effects without disturbing internal homeostasis, research in the field of herbal and ayurvedic treatments has gained importance. Medicinal phytoconstituents include micronutrients, amino acids, proteins, mucilage, critical oils, triterpenoids, saponins, carotenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and coumarins, which play a dynamic function in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Alkaloids found in medicinal plants represent an intriguing potential for the inception of novel approaches to diabetes mellitus therapies. Thus, this review article highlights detailed information on alkaloidal phytoconstituents, which includes sources and structures of alkaloids along with the associated mechanism involved in the management of diabetes mellitus. From the available literature and data presented, it can be concluded that these compounds hold tremendous potential for use as monotherapies or in combination with current treatments, which can result in the development of better efficacy and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.G.B.)
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45124, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Stattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.G.B.)
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Domingo-Relloso A, Makhani K, Riffo-Campos AL, Tellez-Plaza M, Klein KO, Subedi P, Zhao J, Moon KA, Bozack AK, Haack K, Goessler W, Umans JG, Best LG, Zhang Y, Herreros-Martinez M, Glabonjat RA, Schilling K, Galvez-Fernandez M, Kent JW, Sanchez TR, Taylor KD, Craig Johnson W, Durda P, Tracy RP, Rotter JI, Rich SS, Berg DVD, Kasela S, Lappalainen T, Vasan RS, Joehanes R, Howard BV, Levy D, Lohman K, Liu Y, Daniele Fallin M, Cole SA, Mann KK, Navas-Acien A. Arsenic Exposure, Blood DNA Methylation, and Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res 2022; 131:e51-e69. [PMID: 35658476 PMCID: PMC10203287 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic dysregulation has been proposed as a key mechanism for arsenic-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated differentially methylated positions (DMPs) as potential mediators on the association between arsenic and CVD. METHODS Blood DNA methylation was measured in 2321 participants (mean age 56.2, 58.6% women) of the Strong Heart Study, a prospective cohort of American Indians. Urinary arsenic species were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We identified DMPs that are potential mediators between arsenic and CVD. In a cross-species analysis, we compared those DMPs with differential liver DNA methylation following early-life arsenic exposure in the apoE knockout (apoE-/-) mouse model of atherosclerosis. RESULTS A total of 20 and 13 DMPs were potential mediators for CVD incidence and mortality, respectively, several of them annotated to genes related to diabetes. Eleven of these DMPs were similarly associated with incident CVD in 3 diverse prospective cohorts (Framingham Heart Study, Women's Health Initiative, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). In the mouse model, differentially methylated regions in 20 of those genes and DMPs in 10 genes were associated with arsenic. CONCLUSIONS Differential DNA methylation might be part of the biological link between arsenic and CVD. The gene functions suggest that diabetes might represent a relevant mechanism for arsenic-related cardiovascular risk in populations with a high burden of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Kiran Makhani
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angela L. Riffo-Campos
- Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine (SocioMed) and Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department of Computer Science, ETSE, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kathleen Oros Klein
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pooja Subedi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katherine A. Moon
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne K. Bozack
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Karin Haack
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry for Health and Environment, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Lyle G. Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries and Research Inc., Eagle Butte, SD, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA
| | | | - Ronald A. Glabonjat
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathrin Schilling
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Galvez-Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jack W. Kent
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tiffany R Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - W. Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Durda
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Silva Kasela
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuuli Lappalainen
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA; Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, department of Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of medicine and Public health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | | | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Kurt Lohman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Departments of Mental Health and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shelley A. Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Koren K. Mann
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Stancill JS, Hansen PA, Mathison AJ, Schmidt EE, Corbett JA. Deletion of Thioredoxin Reductase Disrupts Redox Homeostasis and Impairs β-Cell Function. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2022; 3:zqac034. [PMID: 35873655 PMCID: PMC9301323 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as mediators of pancreatic β-cell damage. While β-cells are thought to be vulnerable to oxidative damage, we have shown, using inhibitors and acute depletion, that thioredoxin reductase, thioredoxin, and peroxiredoxins are the primary mediators of antioxidant defense in β-cells. However, the role of this antioxidant cycle in maintaining redox homeostasis and β-cell survival in vivo remains unclear. Here, we generated mice with a β-cell specific knockout of thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1fl/fl; Ins1Cre/+ , βKO). Despite blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, knockout mice maintain normal whole-body glucose homeostasis. Unlike pancreatic islets with acute Txnrd1 inhibition, βKO islets do not demonstrate increased sensitivity to ROS. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that Txnrd1-deficient β-cells have increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated genes, and altered expression of genes involved in heme and glutathione metabolism, suggesting an adaptive response. Txnrd1-deficient β-cells also have decreased expression of factors controlling β-cell function and identity which may explain the mild functional impairment. Together, these results suggest that Txnrd1-knockout β-cells compensate for loss of this essential antioxidant pathway by increasing expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes, allowing for protection from excess ROS at the expense of normal β-cell function and identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Polly A Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Angela J Mathison
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MN 59717, USA,Redox Biology Laboratory, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest 1078, Hungary
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20
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Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is an α-arrestin protein that acts as a cancer suppressor. Txnip is simultaneously a critical regulator of energy metabolism. Other alpha-arrestin proteins also play key roles in cell biology and cancer. Recent Advances: Txnip expression is regulated by multilayered mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation, microRNA, messenger RNA (mRNA) stabilization, and protein degradation. The Txnip-based connection between cancer and metabolism has been widely recognized. Meanwhile, new aspects are proposed for the mechanism of action of Txnip, including the regulation of RNA expression and autophagy. Arrestin domain containing 3 (ARRDC3), another α-arrestin protein, regulates endocytosis and signaling, whereas ARRDC1 and ARRDC4 regulate extracellular vesicle formation. Critical Issues: The mechanism of action of Txnip is yet to be elucidated. The regulation of intracellular protein trafficking by arrestin family proteins has opened an emerging field of biology and medical research, which needs to be examined further. Future Directions: A fundamental understanding of the mechanism of action of Txnip and other arrestin family members needs to be explored in the future to combat diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1001-1022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masutani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Tenri Health Care University, Tenri, Japan.,Department of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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Xu G, Chen J, Jo S, Grayson TB, Ramanadham S, Koizumi A, Germain-Lee EL, Lee SJ, Shalev A. Deletion of Gdf15 Reduces ER Stress-induced Beta-cell Apoptosis and Diabetes. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6548945. [PMID: 35290443 PMCID: PMC9272264 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis in diabetes, but the factors involved are still not fully elucidated. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress response gene and has been reported to be increased and play an important role in various diseases. However, the role of GDF15 in beta cells in the context of ER stress and diabetes is still unclear. In this study, we have discovered that GDF15 promotes ER stress-induced beta-cell apoptosis and that downregulation of GDF15 has beneficial effects on beta-cell survival in diabetes. Specifically, we found that GDF15 is induced by ER stress in beta cells and human islets, and that the transcription factor C/EBPβ is involved in this process. Interestingly, ER stress-induced apoptosis was significantly reduced in INS-1 cells with Gdf15 knockdown and in isolated Gdf15 knockout mouse islets. In vivo, we found that Gdf15 deletion attenuates streptozotocin-induced diabetes by preserving beta cells and insulin levels. Moreover, deletion of Gdf15 significantly delayed diabetes development in spontaneous ER stress-prone Akita mice. Thus, our findings suggest that GDF15 contributes to ER stress-induced beta-cell apoptosis and that inhibition of GDF15 may represent a novel strategy to promote beta-cell survival and treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Xu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: Guanlan Xu, PhD, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Shelby Bldg 1272, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA. E-mail:
| | - Junqin Chen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - SeongHo Jo
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Truman B Grayson
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Akio Koizumi
- Institute of Public Health and Social Welfare Public Interest Incorporation Associations, Kyoto Hokenkai, Ukyo-ku Kyoto 615-8577, Japan
| | - Emily L Germain-Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Connecticut Children’s Center for Rare Bone Disorders, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Anath Shalev
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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22
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Lei Z, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Shi W, Wang X, Xing D, Li D, Jiao X. Txnip deficiency promotes β-cell proliferation in the HFD-induced obesity mouse model. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0641. [PMID: 35294398 PMCID: PMC9066588 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms of regulation of β-cell proliferation is key to understanding the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Txnip is a tumor suppressor that is upregulated in diabetes and plays an important role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity; however, its potential effect on pancreatic β-cell proliferation remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the role of Txnip in pancreatic β-cell compensatory proliferation by subjecting WT and Txnip knockout (KO) mice to a high-fat diet (HFD). Our results demonstrate that Txnip deficiency improves glucose tolerance and increases insulin sensitivity in HFD-induced obesity. The antidiabetogenic effect of Txnip deficiency was accompanied by increased β-cell proliferation and enhanced β-cell mass expansion. Furthermore, Txnip deficiency modulated the expression of a set of transcription factors with key roles in β-cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. Txnip KO in HFD mice also led to activated levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR and p-GSK3β, suggesting that Txnip may act via PI3K/AKT signaling to suppress β-cell proliferation. Thus, our work provides a theoretical basis for Txnip as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dehai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dongxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to X Jiao:
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23
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Yamazaki M, Yamada H, Munetsuna E, Maeda K, Ando Y, Mizuno G, Fujii R, Tsuboi Y, Ohashi K, Ishikawa H, Hashimoto S, Hamajima N, Suzuki K. DNA methylation level of the gene encoding thioredoxin-interacting protein in peripheral blood cells is associated with metabolic syndrome in the Japanese general population. Endocr J 2022; 69:319-326. [PMID: 34645728 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is cluster of metabolic diseases, including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia, that directly escalate the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a binding protein for thioredoxin, a molecule that is a key inhibitor of cellular oxidation, and thus regulates the cellular redox state. Epigenetic alteration of the TXNIP-encoding locus has been associated with components of MetS. In the present study, we sought to determine whether the level of TXNIP methylation in blood is associated with MetS in the general Japanese population. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood cells of 37 subjects with and 392 subjects without MetS. The level of TXNIP methylation at cg19693031 was assessed by the bisulfite-pyrosequencing method. We observed that TXNIP methylation levels were lower in MetS subjects (median 74.9%, range 71.7-78.4%) than in non-MetS subjects (median 77.7%, range 74.4-80.5%; p = 0.0024). Calculation of the confounding factor-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypomethylation revealed that subjects with MetS exhibited significantly higher ORs for hypomethylation than did those without MetS (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.33-6.62; p = 0.009). Our findings indicated that lower levels of TXNIP methylation are associated with MetS in the general Japanese population. Altered levels of DNA methylation in TXNIP at cg19693031 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu 761-0123, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yamada
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Eiji Munetsuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ando
- Department of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Genki Mizuno
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuboi
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Department of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Shuji Hashimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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24
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Xu G, Grimes TD, Grayson TB, Chen J, Thielen LA, Tse HM, Li P, Kanke M, Lin TT, Schepmoes AA, Swensen AC, Petyuk VA, Ovalle F, Sethupathy P, Qian WJ, Shalev A. Exploratory study reveals far reaching systemic and cellular effects of verapamil treatment in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1159. [PMID: 35241690 PMCID: PMC8894430 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, no oral medications are available for type 1 diabetes (T1D). While our recent randomized placebo-controlled T1D trial revealed that oral verapamil had short-term beneficial effects, their duration and underlying mechanisms remained elusive. Now, our global T1D serum proteomics analysis identified chromogranin A (CHGA), a T1D-autoantigen, as the top protein altered by verapamil and as a potential therapeutic marker and revealed that verapamil normalizes serum CHGA levels and reverses T1D-induced elevations in circulating proinflammatory T-follicular-helper cell markers. RNA-sequencing further confirmed that verapamil regulates the thioredoxin system and promotes an anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory gene expression profile in human islets. Moreover, continuous use of oral verapamil delayed T1D progression, promoted endogenous beta-cell function and lowered insulin requirements and serum CHGA levels for at least 2 years and these benefits were lost upon discontinuation. Thus, the current studies provide crucial mechanistic and clinical insight into the beneficial effects of verapamil in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Xu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Tiffany D Grimes
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Truman B Grayson
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Junqin Chen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lance A Thielen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tai-Tu Lin
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Athena A Schepmoes
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Adam C Swensen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Fernando Ovalle
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Anath Shalev
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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25
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Cefalu WT, Andersen DK, Arreaza-Rubín G, Pin CL, Sato S, Verchere CB, Woo M, Rosenblum ND. Heterogeneity of Diabetes: β-Cells, Phenotypes, and Precision Medicine: Proceedings of an International Symposium of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:3-22. [PMID: 34782355 PMCID: PMC8753760 DOI: 10.2337/dci21-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since the discovery of insulin-an achievement that transformed diabetes from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic condition. The decades since that momentous achievement have brought ever more rapid innovation and advancement in diabetes research and clinical care. To celebrate the important work of the past century and help to chart a course for its continuation into the next, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases recently held a joint international symposium, bringing together a cohort of researchers with diverse interests and backgrounds from both countries and beyond to discuss their collective quest to better understand the heterogeneity of diabetes and thus gain insights to inform new directions in diabetes treatment and prevention. This article summarizes the proceedings of that symposium, which spanned cutting-edge research into various aspects of islet biology, the heterogeneity of diabetic phenotypes, and the current state of and future prospects for precision medicine in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Cefalu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dana K. Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Guillermo Arreaza-Rubín
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christopher L. Pin
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Paediatrics, and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, and Genetics and Development Division, Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheryl Sato
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - C. Bruce Verchere
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- UBC Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norman D. Rosenblum
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Cefalu WT, Andersen DK, Arreaza-Rubín G, Pin CL, Sato S, Verchere CB, Woo M, Rosenblum ND. Heterogeneity of Diabetes: β-Cells, Phenotypes, and Precision Medicine: Proceedings of an International Symposium of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Can J Diabetes 2021; 45:697-713. [PMID: 34794897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since the discovery of insulin-an achievement that transformed diabetes from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic condition. The decades since that momentous achievement have brought ever more rapid innovation and advancement in diabetes research and clinical care. To celebrate the important work of the past century and help to chart a course for its continuation into the next, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases recently held a joint international symposium, bringing together a cohort of researchers with diverse interests and backgrounds from both countries and beyond to discuss their collective quest to better understand the heterogeneity of diabetes and thus gain insights to inform new directions in diabetes treatment and prevention. This article summarizes the proceedings of that symposium, which spanned cutting-edge research into various aspects of islet biology, the heterogeneity of diabetic phenotypes, and the current state of and future prospects for precision medicine in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Cefalu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
| | - Dana K Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Guillermo Arreaza-Rubín
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Christopher L Pin
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Paediatrics, and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, and Genetics and Development Division, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheryl Sato
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; UBC Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Mukherjee N, Lin L, Contreras CJ, Templin AT. β-Cell Death in Diabetes: Past Discoveries, Present Understanding, and Potential Future Advances. Metabolites 2021; 11:796. [PMID: 34822454 PMCID: PMC8620854 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β-cell death is regarded as a major event driving loss of insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we explore past, present, and potential future advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that promote β-cell death in diabetes, with a focus on the primary literature. We first review discoveries of insulin insufficiency, β-cell loss, and β-cell death in human diabetes. We discuss findings in humans and mouse models of diabetes related to autoimmune-associated β-cell loss and the roles of autoreactive T cells, B cells, and the β cell itself in this process. We review discoveries of the molecular mechanisms that underlie β-cell death-inducing stimuli, including proinflammatory cytokines, islet amyloid formation, ER stress, oxidative stress, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity. Finally, we explore recent perspectives on β-cell death in diabetes, including: (1) the role of the β cell in its own demise, (2) methods and terminology for identifying diverse mechanisms of β-cell death, and (3) whether non-canonical forms of β-cell death, such as regulated necrosis, contribute to islet inflammation and β-cell loss in diabetes. We believe new perspectives on the mechanisms of β-cell death in diabetes will provide a better understanding of this pathological process and may lead to new therapeutic strategies to protect β cells in the setting of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noyonika Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.L.); (C.J.C.)
| | - Li Lin
- Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.L.); (C.J.C.)
| | - Christopher J. Contreras
- Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.L.); (C.J.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrew T. Templin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.L.); (C.J.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Cefalu WT, Andersen DK, Arreaza-Rubín G, Pin CL, Sato S, Verchere CB, Woo M, Rosenblum ND. Heterogeneity of Diabetes: β-Cells, Phenotypes, and Precision Medicine: Proceedings of an International Symposium of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diabetes 2021; 71:db210777. [PMID: 34782351 PMCID: PMC8763877 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since the discovery of insulin-an achievement that transformed diabetes from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic condition. The decades since that momentous achievement have brought ever more rapid innovation and advancement in diabetes research and clinical care. To celebrate the important work of the past century and help to chart a course for its continuation into the next, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases recently held a joint international symposium, bringing together a cohort of researchers with diverse interests and backgrounds from both countries and beyond to discuss their collective quest to better understand the heterogeneity of diabetes and thus gain insights to inform new directions in diabetes treatment and prevention. This article summarizes the proceedings of that symposium, which spanned cutting-edge research into various aspects of islet biology, the heterogeneity of diabetic phenotypes, and the current state of and future prospects for precision medicine in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Cefalu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dana K Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Guillermo Arreaza-Rubín
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christopher L Pin
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Paediatrics, and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, and Genetics and Development Division, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheryl Sato
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- UBC Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhu QQ, Lai MC, Chen TC, Wang X, Tian L, Li DL, Wu ZH, Wang XH, He YY, He YY, Shang T, Xiang YL, Zhang HK. LncRNA SNHG15 relieves hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction via increased ubiquitination of thioredoxin-interacting protein. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1142-1152. [PMID: 34103662 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed that hyperglycemia is a pivotal driver of diabetic vascular complications. However, the mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in diabetes remain incompletely understood. This study aims to expound on the underlying mechanism of the endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia from the perspective of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). In this study, a downregulation of SNHG15 was observed in the ischemic hind limb of diabetic mice and high glucose (HG)-treated HUVECs. Functionally, the overexpression of SNHG15 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, and suppressed cell apoptosis in HG-treated HUVECs. Mechanistically, SNHG15 reduced thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression by enhancing ITCH-mediated ubiquitination of TXNIP. TXNIP overexpression abrogated the protective effect of lncRNA SNHG15 overexpression on HG-induced endothelial dysfunction. The following experiment further confirmed that SNHG15 overexpression promoted angiogenesis of the ischemic hind limb in diabetic mice. In conclusion, SNHG15 is a novel protector for hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction via decreasing TXNIP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Chun Lai
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Chi Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Lin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zi-Heng Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Yun He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Yan He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Shang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lang Xiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Kun Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Evaluating the antidiabetic effects of R-verapamil in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse models. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255405. [PMID: 34358247 PMCID: PMC8345870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing. Types 1 and 2 DM are associated with declining β-cell function. Verapamil (50% S-verapamil and 50% R-verapamil) can treat DM by downregulating thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), which induces islet β-cell apoptosis. However, it may also induce cardiovascular side effects as S-verapamil is negatively inotropic. In contrast, R-verapamil only weakly induces adverse cardiac effects. In this study, we aimed to determine the antidiabetic efficacy and cardiovascular safety of R-verapamil. We examined R- and S-verapamil binding through in vitro studies. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 and db/db type 2 DM mouse models were used to assess the antidiabetic efficacy of verapamil. IL-6, blood glucose (BG), Txnip expression, and β-cells were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, while body weight, BG, and serum insulin were measured in the db/db mice. In the type 1 DM study, 100 mg/kg/day R-verapamil and racemic verapamil lowered BG, downregulated Txnip expression, and reduced β-cell apoptosis. In the type 2 DM study, the optimal R-verapamil dosage was 60 mg/kg/day and it lowered BG and raised serum insulin. However, efficacy did not increase with R-verapamil dosage. R-verapamil combined with metformin/acarbose improved BG and serum insulin more effectively than metformin/acarbose alone or verapamil combined with acarbose. R-verapamil had weaker cardiovascular side effects than S-verapamil. R-verapamil was 9.0× and 3.4× less effective than S-verapamil at inhibiting atrial inotropy and ileal contractility, respectively. It was also 8.7× weaker than S-verapamil as an agonist of somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2), inhibiting ileal neurogenic contraction. Hence, R-verapamil may be an optimal DM treatment as it is safe, improves glycemic control, and preserves β-cell function both as monotherapy and in combination with metformin or acarbose. R-Verapamil has potential for delaying or arresting DM progression and improving patients’ quality of life.
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Satin LS, Soleimanpour SA, Walker EM. New Aspects of Diabetes Research and Therapeutic Development. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1001-1015. [PMID: 34193595 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are advancing at exponential rates, placing significant burdens on health care networks worldwide. Although traditional pharmacologic therapies such as insulin and oral antidiabetic stalwarts like metformin and the sulfonylureas continue to be used, newer drugs are now on the market targeting novel blood glucose-lowering pathways. Furthermore, exciting new developments in the understanding of beta cell and islet biology are driving the potential for treatments targeting incretin action, islet transplantation with new methods for immunologic protection, and the generation of functional beta cells from stem cells. Here we discuss the mechanistic details underlying past, present, and future diabetes therapies and evaluate their potential to treat and possibly reverse type 1 and 2 diabetes in humans. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions in the developed and developing world alike. As the last several years have seen many new developments in the field, a new and up to date review of these advances and their careful evaluation will help both clinical and research diabetologists to better understand where the field is currently heading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S Satin
- Department of Pharmacology (L.S.S.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine (L.S.S., S.A.S., E.M.W.), and Brehm Diabetes Center (L.S.S., S.A.S., E.M.W.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.A.S.) ; ;
| | - Scott A Soleimanpour
- Department of Pharmacology (L.S.S.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine (L.S.S., S.A.S., E.M.W.), and Brehm Diabetes Center (L.S.S., S.A.S., E.M.W.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.A.S.)
| | - Emily M Walker
- Department of Pharmacology (L.S.S.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine (L.S.S., S.A.S., E.M.W.), and Brehm Diabetes Center (L.S.S., S.A.S., E.M.W.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.A.S.) ; ;
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Yang Y, Zhou M, Liu H. Luteolin, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, alleviates diabetic retinopathy by regulating the NLRP/NOX4 signalling pathway: Experimental and molecular docking study. Physiol Int 2021; 108:172-184. [PMID: 34143751 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present report evaluates the protective effects of luteolin against diabetic retinopathy (DR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats by i.p. administration of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ), followed by treatment with luteolin for 4 weeks. The effects of luteolin were determined based on the blood glucose and cytokine levels, and parameters of oxidative stress in retinal tissue of DR rats. The diameter of retinal vessels was estimated by fundus photography. A Western blot assay was used to determine the expression of apoptotic proteins and Nod-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) pathway proteins in the retina of DR rats. A molecular docking study was performed to evaluate the interaction between luteolin and NLRP3. RESULTS The level of blood glucose was reduced in the luteolin-treated group compared with the DR group. Reductions in cytokines and oxidative stress were observed in the retinal tissues of the luteolin-treated group relative to the DR group. Moreover, treatment with luteolin reduced the expression of NLRP1, NOX4, TXNIP, and NLRP3 proteins, and ameliorated the altered expression of apoptotic proteins in the retina of DR rats. CONCLUSION In conclusion, luteolin prevents retinal apoptosis in DR rats by regulating the NLRP/NOX4 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 116001, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - M Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 116001, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 116001, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Cao X, He W, Pang Y, Cao Y, Qin A. Redox-dependent and independent effects of thioredoxin interacting protein. Biol Chem 2021; 401:1215-1231. [PMID: 32845855 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is an important physiological inhibitor of the thioredoxin (TXN) redox system in cells. Regulation of TXNIP expression and/or activity not only plays an important role in redox regulation but also exerts redox-independent physiological effects that exhibit direct pathophysiological consequences including elevated inflammatory response, aberrant glucose metabolism, cellular senescence and apoptosis, cellular immunity, and tumorigenesis. This review provides a brief overview of the current knowledge concerning the redox-dependent and independent roles of TXNIP and its relevance to various disease states. The implications for the therapeutic targeting of TXNIP will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
| | - Yichuan Pang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
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Mukai N, Nakayama Y, Abdali SA, Yoshioka J. Cardiomyocyte-specific Txnip C247S mutation improves left ventricular functional reserve in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H259-H274. [PMID: 34085839 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00174.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Underlying molecular mechanisms for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy remain to be determined. Long-term exposure to hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress, which leads to cardiomyocyte dysfunction. Previous studies established the importance of thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) in cellular redox homeostasis and glucose metabolism. Txnip is a highly glucose-responsive molecule that interacts with the catalytic center of reduced thioredoxin and inhibits the antioxidant function of thioredoxin. Here, we show that the molecular interaction between Txnip and thioredoxin plays a pivotal role in the regulation of redox balance in the diabetic myocardium. High glucose increased Txnip expression, decreased thioredoxin activities, and caused oxidative stress in cells. The Txnip-thioredoxin complex was detected in cells with overexpressing wild-type Txnip but not Txnip cysteine 247 to serine (C247S) mutant that disrupts the intermolecular disulfide bridge. Then, diabetes was induced in cardiomyocyte-specific Txnip C247S knock-in mice and their littermate control animals by injections of streptozotocin (STZ). Prolonged hyperglycemia upregulated myocardial Txnip expression in both genotypes. The absence of Txnip's inhibition of thioredoxin in Txnip C247S mutant hearts promoted mitochondrial antioxidative capacities in cardiomyocytes, thereby protecting the heart from oxidative damage by diabetes. Stress hemodynamic analysis uncovered that Txnip C247S knock-in hearts have a greater left ventricular contractile reserve than wild-type hearts under STZ-induced diabetic conditions. These results provide novel evidence that Txnip serves as a regulator of hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte toxicities through direct inhibition of thioredoxin and identify the single cysteine residue in Txnip as a therapeutic target for diabetic injuries.NEW & NORTEWORTHY Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) has been of great interest as a molecular mechanism to mediate diabetic organ damage. Here, we provide novel evidence that a single mutation of Txnip confers a defense mechanism against myocardial oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The results demonstrate the importance of Txnip as a cysteine-containing redox protein that regulates antioxidant thioredoxin via disulfide bond-switching mechanism and identify the cysteine in Txnip as a therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Mukai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, New York
| | - Yoshinobu Nakayama
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, New York
| | - Syed Amir Abdali
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, New York
| | - Jun Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, New York
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Mamun AA, Wu Y, Nasrin F, Akter A, Taniya MA, Munir F, Jia C, Xiao J. Role of Pyroptosis in Diabetes and Its Therapeutic Implications. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2187-2206. [PMID: 34079327 PMCID: PMC8164340 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s291453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is mainly considered as a new pro-inflammatory mediated-programmed cell death. In addition, pyroptosis is described by gasdermin-induced pore formation on the membrane, cell swelling and rapid lysis, and several pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) release. Extensive studies have shown that pyroptosis is commonly involved by activating the caspase-1-dependent canonical pathway and caspase-4/5/11-dependent non-canonical pathway. However, pyroptosis facilitates local inflammation and inflammatory responses. Current researches have reported that pyroptosis promotes the progression of several diabetic complications. Emerging studies have suggested that some potential molecules targeting the pyroptosis and inflammasome signaling pathways could be a novel therapeutic avenue for managing and treating diabetes and its complications in the near future. Our narrative review concisely describes the possible mechanism of pyroptosis and its progressive understanding of the development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Fatema Nasrin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Afroza Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Masuma Afrin Taniya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Fahad Munir
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
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Zhu QQ, Lai MC, Chen TC, Wang X, Tian L, Li DL, Wu ZH, Wang XH, He YY, He YY, Shang T, Xiang YL, Zhang HK. LncRNA SNHG15 relieves hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction via increasing ubiquitination of thioredoxin-interacting protein. Life Sci 2021:119255. [PMID: 33636173 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous evidence indicates that hyperglycemia is a pivotal driver of the vascular complications of diabetes. However, the mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in diabetes remain incompletely understood. This study aims to expound on the underlying mechanism of the endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia from the perspective of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and tube formation were measured by cell counting kit-8 assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and tube formation assay, respectively. RNA pull-down and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation were used to detect the interaction between lncRNA SNHG15 and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Co-immunoprecipitation was used to detect the ubiquitination level of TXNIP and the interaction between TXNIP and E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH. RESULTS A downregulation of SNHG15 was observed in the ischemic hind limb of diabetic mice and high glucose (HG)-treated HUVECs. Functionally, the overexpression of SNHG15 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, and suppressed cell apoptosis in HG-treated HUVECs. Mechanically, SNHG15 reduced TXNIP expression by enhancing ITCH-mediated ubiquitination of TXNIP. TXNIP overexpression abrogated the protective effect of LncRNA SNHG15 overexpression on HG-induced endothelial dysfunction. The following experiment further confirmed that SNHG15 overexpression promoted angiogenesis of the ischemic hind limb in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION SNHG15 is a novel protector for hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction via decreasing TXNIP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ming-Chun Lai
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tian-Chi Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dong-Lin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Zi-Heng Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yun-Yun He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yang-Yan He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tao Shang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yi-Lang Xiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hong-Kun Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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The aftermath of the interplay between the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and redox signaling. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:151-167. [PMID: 33558590 PMCID: PMC8080639 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle of eukaryotic cells. Its main functions include protein synthesis, proper protein folding, protein modification, and the transportation of synthesized proteins. Any perturbations in ER function, such as increased demand for protein folding or the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, lead to a stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The primary aim of the UPR is to restore cellular homeostasis; however, it triggers apoptotic signaling during prolonged stress. The core mechanisms of the ER stress response, the failure to respond to cellular stress, and the final fate of the cell are not yet clear. Here, we discuss cellular fate during ER stress, cross talk between the ER and mitochondria and its significance, and conditions that can trigger ER stress response failure. We also describe how the redox environment affects the ER stress response, and vice versa, and the aftermath of the ER stress response, integrating a discussion on redox imbalance-induced ER stress response failure progressing to cell death and dynamic pathophysiological changes. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a cellular organelle responsible for protein folding, is sensitive to chemical imbalances that can induce stress, leading to cell death and disease. Researchers in South Korea, led by Han-Jung Chae from Jeonbuk National University in Jeonju and Hyung-Ryong Kim from Dankook University in Cheonan, review how the ER counters changes in its environment that spur protein folding defects by activating a series of signaling pathways, known collectively as the unfolded protein response. Redox imbalance, may fail adaptive ER stress response that can damage the ER and surrounding mitochondria by modifying cysteine residues. The interaction between the two stress systems, ER stress and oxidative stress, has profound negative impacts on normal physiology. Targeting one or both of these stress mechanisms may therefore be an effective means of treating disease.
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Stancill JS, Corbett JA. The Role of Thioredoxin/Peroxiredoxin in the β-Cell Defense Against Oxidative Damage. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:718235. [PMID: 34557160 PMCID: PMC8453158 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.718235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is hypothesized to play a role in pancreatic β-cell damage, potentially contributing to β-cell dysfunction and death in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Oxidative stress arises when naturally occurring reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced at levels that overwhelm the antioxidant capacity of the cell. ROS, including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are primarily produced by electron leak during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Additionally, peroxynitrite, an oxidant generated by the reaction of superoxide and nitric oxide, may also cause β-cell damage during autoimmune destruction of these cells. β-cells are thought to be susceptible to oxidative damage based on reports that they express low levels of antioxidant enzymes compared to other tissues. Furthermore, markers of oxidative damage are observed in islets from diabetic rodent models and human patients. However, recent studies have demonstrated high expression of various isoforms of peroxiredoxins, thioredoxin, and thioredoxin reductase in β-cells and have provided experimental evidence supporting a role for these enzymes in promoting β-cell function and survival in response to a variety of oxidative stressors. This mini-review will focus on the mechanism by which thioredoxins and peroxiredoxins detoxify ROS and on the protective roles of these enzymes in β-cells. Additionally, we speculate about the role of this antioxidant system in promoting insulin secretion.
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Ke H, Luan Y, Wu S, Zhu Y, Tong X. The Role of Mondo Family Transcription Factors in Nutrient-Sensing and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:653972. [PMID: 33868181 PMCID: PMC8044463 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.653972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past several decades obesity has become one of the greatest health burdens worldwide. Diet high in fats and fructose is one of the main causes for the prevalence of metabolic disorders including obesity. Promoting brown or beige adipocyte development and activity is regarded as a potential treatment of obesity. Mondo family transcription factors including MondoA and carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) are critical for nutrient-sensing in multiple metabolic organs including the skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue and pancreas. Under normal nutrient conditions, MondoA and ChREBP contribute to maintaining metabolic homeostasis. When nutrient is overloaded, Mondo family transcription factors directly regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in brown and beige adipocytes or modulate the crosstalk between metabolic organs. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of MondoA and ChREBP in sensing nutrients and regulating obesity or related pathological conditions.
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Deng W, Li Y, Ren Z, He Q, Jia Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, Gan X, Liu D. Thioredoxin-interacting protein: a critical link between autophagy disorders and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Endocrine 2020; 70:526-537. [PMID: 32892310 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a known important regulatory protein of islet β-cell biology and function, but the detailed mechanism is not clear. Autophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homoeostasis. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of TXNIP on the autophagy of β-cell. In this study, C57BL/6 mice and TXNIP-/- mice were fed with a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFSD), and then we analysed biochemical and autophagy related indexes in the mice. We infected MIN6 cells with LV-TXNIP and siRNA TXNIP, then the cells were treated with free fatty acid (FFA), autophagic activator rapamycin (RAP), inhibitors of autophagy chloroquine (CQ) and bafilomycin A1(BAF), finally, we examined the changes of autophagy in MIN6 cells. The results showed that HFSD led to β-cell dysfunction and autophagy dysregulation, which was improved by TXNIP knockout in mice. In vitro experiments, TXNIP gene silencing enhanced LC3B-I conversion to LC3B-II, reduced the protein level of P62, decreased autophagosome accumulation induced by FFA treatment, increased the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and autophagic flux inhibited by treatment with CQ. TXNIP overexpression induced upregulation of LC3B-I, LC3B-II and P62, accentuating the increase in autophagy and organelle destruction induced by FFA, and exacerbated the effect of BAF on the accumulation of autophagy proteins. Increasing TXNIP levels reduced GSIS, which was reversed by treatment with RAP. In summary, our study suggested that TXNIP is a critical link between autophagy disorders and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, 409000, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyu Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Qirui He
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfeng Gan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 610072, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China.
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Park HS, Song JW, Park JH, Lim BK, Moon OS, Son HY, Lee JH, Gao B, Won YS, Kwon HJ. TXNIP/VDUP1 attenuates steatohepatitis via autophagy and fatty acid oxidation. Autophagy 2020; 17:2549-2564. [PMID: 33190588 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1834711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired macroautophagy/autophagy has been implicated in experimental and human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanism underlying autophagy dysregulation in NASH is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of TXNIP/VDUP1 (thioredoxin interacting protein), a key mediator of cellular stress responses, in the pathogenesis of NASH. Hepatic TXNIP expression was upregulated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and in methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice, as well as in palmitic acid (PA)-treated hepatocytes. Upregulation of hepatic TXNIP was positively correlated with impaired autophagy, as evidenced by a decreased number of MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) puncta and increased SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) expression. Deletion of the Txnip gene enhanced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, accompanied by impaired autophagy and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in MCD diet-fed mice. Mechanistically, TXNIP directly interacted with and positively regulated p-PRKAA, leading to inactivation of MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) complex 1 (MTORC1) and nuclear translocation of TFEB (transcription factor EB), which in turn promoted autophagy. Inhibition of MTORC1 by rapamycin induced autophagy and increased the expression levels of FAO-related genes and concomitantly attenuated lipid accumulation in PA-treated txnip-knockout (KO) hepatocytes, which was further abolished by silencing of Atg7. Rapamycin treatment also attenuated MCD diet-induced steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis with increased TFEB nuclear translocation and restored FAO in txnip-KO mice. Our findings suggest that elevated TXNIP ameliorates steatohepatitis by interacting with PRKAA and thereby inducing autophagy and FAO. Targeting TXNIP may be a potential therapeutic approach for NASH.Abbreviations: ACOX1: acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl; ACSL1: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1; ACTA2/α-SMA: actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; ACTB: actin beta; ADGRE1/F4/80: adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; COL1A1/Col1α1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; CPT1A: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver; CQ: chloroquine; DGAT1: diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1; DGAT2: diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2; ECI2/Peci: enoyl-Coenzyme A isomerase 2; EHHADH: enoyl-Coenzyme A, hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl Coenzyme A dehydrogenase; FAO: fatty acid oxidation; FASN: fatty acid synthase; FFA: free fatty acids; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GK/GYK: glycerol kinase; GOT1/AST: glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble; GPAM: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial; GPT/ALT: glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL6: interleukin 6; IOD: integral optical density; KO: knockout; Leu: leupeptin; LPIN1: lipin 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MCD: methionine choline-deficient; MMP9: matrix metallopeptidase 9; mRNA: messenger RNA; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; PA: palmitic acid; PPARA/PPARα: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; PPARG/PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; RPS6KB1/p70S6K1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; SCD1: stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1; SEM: standard error of the mean; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TG: triglyceride; TGFB/TGF-β: transforming growth factor, beta; TIMP1: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; TXNIP/VDUP1: thioredoxin interacting protein; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Song
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Og-Sung Moon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Young-Suk Won
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Kehm R, Jähnert M, Deubel S, Flore T, König J, Jung T, Stadion M, Jonas W, Schürmann A, Grune T, Höhn A. Redox homeostasis and cell cycle activation mediate beta-cell mass expansion in aged, diabetes-prone mice under metabolic stress conditions: Role of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Redox Biol 2020; 37:101748. [PMID: 33128997 PMCID: PMC7589534 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition contributes to insulin resistance, obesity and metabolic stress, initiating a loss of functional beta-cells and diabetes development. Whether these damaging effects are amplified in advanced age is barely investigated. Therefore, New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice, a well-established model for the investigation of human obesity-associated type 2 diabetes, were fed a metabolically challenging diet with a high-fat, carbohydrate restricted period followed by a carbohydrate intervention in young as well as advanced age. Interestingly, while young NZO mice developed massive hyperglycemia in response to carbohydrate feeding, leading to beta-cell dysfunction and cell death, aged counterparts compensated the increased insulin demand by persistent beta-cell function and beta-cell mass expansion. Beta-cell loss in young NZO islets was linked to increased expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), presumably initiating an apoptosis-signaling cascade via caspase-3 activation. In contrast, islets of aged NZOs exhibited a sustained redox balance without changes in TXNIP expression, associated with higher proliferative potential by cell cycle activation. These findings support the relevance of a maintained proliferative potential and redox homeostasis for preserving islet functionality under metabolic stress, with the peculiarity that this adaptive response emerged with advanced age in diabetes-prone NZO mice. Differential expression of redox and cell cycle genes in young and aged islets. Increased TXNIP expression is associated with the induction of beta-cell apoptosis. Islets of aged mice maintained redox homeostasis and proliferative potential. Aging under diet-induced metabolic stress does not amplify beta-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kehm
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Deubel
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Tanina Flore
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Jeannette König
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Mandy Stadion
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14458, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117, Berlin, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Annika Höhn
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
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Identification of an Anti-diabetic, Orally Available Small Molecule that Regulates TXNIP Expression and Glucagon Action. Cell Metab 2020; 32:353-365.e8. [PMID: 32726606 PMCID: PMC7501995 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia, loss of functional islet beta cell mass, deficiency of glucose-lowering insulin, and persistent alpha cell secretion of gluconeogenic glucagon. Still, no therapies that target these underlying processes are available. We therefore performed high-throughput screening of 300,000 compounds and extensive medicinal chemistry optimization and here report the discovery of SRI-37330, an orally bioavailable, non-toxic small molecule, which effectively rescued mice from streptozotocin- and obesity-induced (db/db) diabetes. Interestingly, in rat cells and in mouse and human islets, SRI-37330 inhibited expression and signaling of thioredoxin-interacting protein, which we have previously found to be elevated in diabetes and to have detrimental effects on islet function. In addition, SRI-37330 treatment inhibited glucagon secretion and function, reduced hepatic glucose production, and reversed hepatic steatosis. Thus, these studies describe a newly designed chemical compound that, compared to currently available therapies, may provide a distinct and effective approach to treating diabetes.
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TXNIP/TBP-2: A Master Regulator for Glucose Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080765. [PMID: 32824669 PMCID: PMC7464905 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of thioredoxin binding protein-2 (TBP-2), which is currently known as thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), as an important binding partner for thioredoxin (TRX) revealed that an evolutionarily conserved reduction-oxidation (redox) signal complex plays an important role for pathophysiology. Due to the reducing activity of TRX, the TRX/TXNIP signal complex has been shown to be an important regulator for redox-related signal transduction in many types of cells in various species. In addition to its role in redox-dependent regulation, TXNIP has cellular functions that are performed in a redox-independent manner, which largely rely on their scaffolding function as an ancestral α-Arrestin family. Both the redox-dependent and -independent TXNIP functions serve as regulatory pathways in glucose metabolism. This review highlights the key advances in understanding TXNIP function as a master regulator for whole-body glucose homeostasis. The potential for therapeutic advantages of targeting TXNIP in diabetes and the future direction of the study are also discussed.
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Ma M, Li R, Sun W, Wang Q, Yu H, Yu H. Sevoflurane preconditioning inhibits cardiomyocyte injury induced by oxygen‑glucose deprivation by modulating TXNIP. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:889-897. [PMID: 32626926 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin interaction protein (TXNIP) has been reported to be closely related to cell oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. TXNIP is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress in lung and renal injury. However, it is unclear as to whether it participates in the protective effects of sevoflurane preconditioning in cardiomyocyte injury caused by oxidative stress in ischemia. In the present study, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured with 0, 1.5, 2, 3.5, 5 or 6% sevoflurane for 3 h, followed by exposure to oxygen and glucose deprivation. The results demonstrated that oxygen and glucose deprivation induced an increase in TXNIP expression, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, caspase‑3 activity, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production. Preconditioning of the H9c2 cells with 3.5% sevoflurane suppressed TXNIP expression, LDH leakage, caspase‑3 activity, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production, and it promoted cell viability. TXNIP overexpression reversed the effects of 3.5% sevoflurane preconditioning on caspase‑3 activity, reactive oxygen production and cell viability. Furthermore, TXNIP modulated p27 expression via PKB (protein kinase B/AKT) phosphorylation following preconditioning with 3.5% sevoflurane, and oxygen and glucose deprivation. On the whole these findings indicated that sevoflurane preconditioning protected the H9c2 cells against injury induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation by modulating TXNIP, AKT activation and p27 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
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Chung YW, Lee JH, Lee JY, Ju HH, Lee YJ, Jee DH, Ko SH, A Choi J. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide on the Retinal Nuclear and Nerve Fiber Layers in an Animal Model of Early Type 2 Diabetes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1080-1094. [PMID: 32354571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the anti-inflammatory effects of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), known as lixisenatide, on the eyes of early type 2 diabetic mice. Diabetic (db/db) mice were divided into three groups: GLP-1RA [lixisenatide (LIX)], insulin (INS) with controlled hyperglycemia based on the glucose concentration of lixisenatide, and diabetic control (D-CON). Nondiabetic control mice (db/dm) were also characterized for comparison. After 8 weeks of treatment, mRNA levels of inflammatory markers, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, immunohistochemical staining; Western blot of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and thioredoxin-interacting protein; and retinal thickness were assessed in the central and peripheral neurosensory retina. LIX showed decreased immunohistochemical staining for both thioredoxin-interacting protein and GFAP in the central and peripheral neurosensory retina compared with D-CON and INS, and decreased expression of these proteins in the neurosensory retina and immunohistochemical staining in the optic nerve head for GFAP compared with D-CON. The inner nuclear layer in the peripheral retina in LIX was only thinner than those of D-CON and INS. In an early type 2 diabetic mouse model, lixisenatide treatment showed superior anti-inflammatory effects on the retina and optic nerve head independent of hyperglycemia. Thus, the neuroprotective effects of lixisenatide treatment in the peripheral inner nuclear layer should be evaluated in early type 2 diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Woong Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Ju
- Clinical Research Center, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Jee Lee
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Liu M, Liu C, Shen S, Liu J, Yin F. Geniposide inhibits glucolipotoxicity and cooperates with Txnip knockdown to potentiate cell adaption to endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic beta cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1535-1543. [PMID: 32215982 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), a negative regulator of thioredoxin, has become an attractive therapeutic target to alleviate metabolic diseases. Our previous data demonstrated that geniposide improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by accelerating Txnip degradation and prevented the early-stage apoptosis of pancreatic β cells induced by palmitate, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The objective of this study is to identify the role of Txnip in geniposide preventing the apoptosis of pancreatic β cells induced by high glucose and palmitate (HG/PA). The results revealed that geniposide attenuated HG/PA-induced cell apoptosis and the expression of Bax and caspase-3, while increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and the anti-apoptotic protein levels of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and Bcl-2 in INS-1 rat pancreatic β cells. Knockdown of the Txnip gene raised the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins HO-1 and Bcl-2 and geniposide potentiated the effect of Txnip when the INS-1 cells were challenged by HG/PA. Furthermore, geniposide enhanced the adoptive unfolded protein response by increasing the phosphorylation of PERK/eIF2α and IRE1α in HG/PA-treated INS-1 cells. The results together suggest that geniposide might be useful to antagonize glucolipotoxicity and Txnip might be a pleiotropic cellular factor in pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Shenli Shen
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
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Wondafrash DZ, Nire’a AT, Tafere GG, Desta DM, Berhe DA, Zewdie KA. Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Target in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Underlying Complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:43-51. [PMID: 32021350 PMCID: PMC6954842 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s232221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder which is characterized by a persistent increment of blood glucose. Globally, DM affects millions of people and the prevalence is increasing alarmingly. The critical step in the pathophysiology of DM is the loss of β-cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for the secretion of insulin. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is among the factors that control the production and loss of the pancreatic β-cells. TXNIP is an α-arrestin that can bind and inhibit thioredoxin (the antioxidant protein) which is produced in the pancreatic islet after glucose intake. Numerous studies illustrated that elevated TXNIP levels were found to induce β-cell apoptosis; whereas TXNIP deficiency protects against type I and type II diabetes by promoting β-cell survival. Nowadays, TXNIP depletion is becoming a key factor in pancreatic β-cell survival enhancement. In the present review, targeting TXNIP is found to be relevant as a unique therapeutic opportunity, not only to improve insulin secretion and sensitivity, but also ameliorating the long term microvascular and macrovascular complications of the disease. Thus, TXNIP inhibitors that could reduce the expression and/or activity of TXNIP to non-diabetic levels are promising agents to halt the alarming rate of diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, P.O. Box: 1871, Mekelle, EthiopiaTel +251910127356 Email
| | - Asmelash Tesfay Nire’a
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research and Course Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Axum University, Axum, Ethiopia
| | | | - Desilu Mahari Desta
- Clinical Pharmacy Research and Course Unit, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Demoze Asmerom Berhe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Xu G, Thielen LA, Chen J, Grayson TB, Grimes T, Bridges SL, Tse HM, Smith B, Patel R, Li P, Evans-Molina C, Ovalle F, Shalev A. Serum miR-204 is an early biomarker of type 1 diabetes-associated pancreatic beta-cell loss. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E723-E730. [PMID: 31408375 PMCID: PMC6842918 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00122.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cell death is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but straightforward methods to measure beta-cell loss in humans are lacking, underlining the need for novel biomarkers. Using studies in INS-1 cells, human islets, diabetic mice, and serum samples of subjects with T1D at different stages, we have identified serum miR-204 as an early biomarker of T1D-associated beta-cell loss in humans. MiR-204 is a highly enriched microRNA in human beta-cells, and we found that it is released from dying beta-cells and detectable in human serum. We further discovered that serum miR-204 was elevated in children and adults with T1D and in autoantibody-positive at-risk subjects but not in type 2 diabetes or other autoimmune diseases and was inversely correlated with remaining beta-cell function in recent-onset T1D. Thus, serum miR-204 may provide a much needed novel approach to assess early T1D-associated human beta-cell loss even before onset of overt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Xu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lance A Thielen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Junqin Chen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Truman B Grayson
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tiffany Grimes
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - S Louis Bridges
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Blair Smith
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rakesh Patel
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fernando Ovalle
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anath Shalev
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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FMK, an Inhibitor of p90RSK, Inhibits High Glucose-Induced TXNIP Expression via Regulation of ChREBP in Pancreatic β Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184424. [PMID: 31505737 PMCID: PMC6770409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is the major characteristic of diabetes mellitus, and a chronically high glucose (HG) level causes β-cell glucolipotoxicity, which is characterized by lipid accumulation, impaired β-cell function, and apoptosis. TXNIP (Thioredoxin-interacting protein) is a key mediator of diabetic β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction in diabetes, and thus, its regulation represents a therapeutic target. Recent studies have reported that p90RSK is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. In this study, we used FMK (a p90RSK inhibitor) to determine whether inhibition of p90RSK protects β-cells from chronic HG-induced TXNIP expression and to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of FMK on its expression. In INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, HG-induced β-cell dysfunction, apoptosis, and ROS generation were significantly diminished by FMK. In contrast BI-D1870 (another p90RSK inhibitor) did not attenuate HG-induced TXNIP promoter activity or TXNIP expression. In addition, HG-induced nuclear translocation of ChREBP and its transcriptional target molecules were found to be regulated by FMK. These results demonstrate that HG-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction resulting in HG conditions is associated with TXNIP expression, and that FMK is responsible for HG-stimulated TXNIP gene expression by inactivating the regulation of ChREBP in pancreatic β-cells. Taken together, these findings suggest FMK may protect against HG-induced β-cell dysfunction and TXNIP expression by ChREBP regulation in pancreatic β-cells, and that FMK is a potential therapeutic reagent for the drug development of diabetes and its complications.
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