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Yamamoto K, Scilabra SD, Bonelli S, Jensen A, Scavenius C, Enghild JJ, Strickland DK. Novel insights into the multifaceted and tissue-specific roles of the endocytic receptor LRP1. J Biol Chem 2024:107521. [PMID: 38950861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis provides a mechanism for the selective uptake of specific molecules thereby controlling the composition of the extracellular environment and biological processes. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a widely expressed endocytic receptor that regulates cellular events by modulating the levels of numerous extracellular molecules via rapid endocytic removal. LRP1 also participates in signalling pathways through this modulation as well as in the interaction with membrane receptors and cytoplasmic adaptor proteins. LRP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with several diseases and conditions such as migraines, aortic aneurysms, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, corneal clouding, and bone dysmorphology and mineral density. Studies using Lrp1 knockout mice revealed a critical, non-redundant and tissue-specific role of LRP1 in regulating various physiological events. However, exactly how LRP1 functions to regulate so many distinct and specific processes is still not fully clear. Our recent proteomics studies have identified more than 300 secreted proteins that either directly interact with LRP1 or are modulated by LRP1 in various tissues. This review will highlight the remarkable ability of this receptor to regulate secreted molecules in a tissue-specific manner and discuss potential mechanisms underpinning such specificity. Uncovering the depth of these "hidden" specific interactions modulated by LRP1 will provide novel insights into a dynamic and complex extracellular environment that is involved in diverse biological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Simone D Scilabra
- Proteomics Group of Ri.MED Foundation, Research Department IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Bonelli
- Proteomics Group of Ri.MED Foundation, Research Department IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anders Jensen
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Wiener JP, Desire S, Garliyev V, Lyssenko III N, Praticò D, Lyssenko NN. Down-Regulation of ABCA7 in Human Microglia, Astrocyte and THP-1 Cell Lines by Cholesterol Depletion, IL-1β and TNFα, or PMA. Cells 2023; 12:2143. [PMID: 37681876 PMCID: PMC10486366 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 7 (ABCA7) is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Human neural cell lines were used to investigate the regulation of ABCA7 expression by cholesterol and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cholesterol was depleted by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, followed by treatment with rosuvastatin to suppress de novo synthesis, while the cells underwent adjustment to low cholesterol. Cholesterol depletion by 50-76% decreased ABCA7 expression by ~40% in C20 microglia and ~21% in A172 astrocytes but had no effect on the protein in SK-N-SH neurons. Cholesterol depletion also suppressed ABCA7 in HMC3 microglia. Previously, cholesterol loss was reported to up-regulate ABCA7 in murine macrophages. ABCA7 was down-regulated during PMA-induced differentiation of human THP-1 monocytes to macrophages. But, cholesterol depletion in THP-1 macrophages by ~71% had no effect on ABCA7. IL-1β and TNFα reduced ABCA7 expression in C20 and HMC3 microglia but not in A172 astrocytes or SK-N-SH neurons. IL-6 did not affect ABCA7 in the neural cells. These findings suggest that ABCA7 is active in regular homeostasis in human neural cells, is regulated by cholesterol in a cell type-dependent manner, i.e., cholesterol depletion down-regulates it in human neuroglia but not neurons, and is incompatible with IL-1β and TNFα inflammatory responses in human microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas N. Lyssenko
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Sharp FR, DeCarli CS, Jin LW, Zhan X. White matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism, and APP/Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology: A hypothesis and review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1096206. [PMID: 36845656 PMCID: PMC9950279 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1096206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We postulate that myelin injury contributes to cholesterol release from myelin and cholesterol dysmetabolism which contributes to Abeta dysmetabolism, and combined with genetic and AD risk factors, leads to increased Abeta and amyloid plaques. Increased Abeta damages myelin to form a vicious injury cycle. Thus, white matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism and Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce or worsen AD neuropathology. The amyloid cascade is the leading hypothesis for the cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The failure of clinical trials based on this hypothesis has raised other possibilities. Even with a possible new success (Lecanemab), it is not clear whether this is a cause or a result of the disease. With the discovery in 1993 that the apolipoprotein E type 4 allele (APOE4) was the major risk factor for sporadic, late-onset AD (LOAD), there has been increasing interest in cholesterol in AD since APOE is a major cholesterol transporter. Recent studies show that cholesterol metabolism is intricately involved with Abeta (Aβ)/amyloid transport and metabolism, with cholesterol down-regulating the Aβ LRP1 transporter and upregulating the Aβ RAGE receptor, both of which would increase brain Aβ. Moreover, manipulating cholesterol transport and metabolism in rodent AD models can ameliorate pathology and cognitive deficits, or worsen them depending upon the manipulation. Though white matter (WM) injury has been noted in AD brain since Alzheimer's initial observations, recent studies have shown abnormal white matter in every AD brain. Moreover, there is age-related WM injury in normal individuals that occurs earlier and is worse with the APOE4 genotype. Moreover, WM injury precedes formation of plaques and tangles in human Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) and precedes plaque formation in rodent AD models. Restoring WM in rodent AD models improves cognition without affecting AD pathology. Thus, we postulate that the amyloid cascade, cholesterol dysmetabolism and white matter injury interact to produce and/or worsen AD pathology. We further postulate that the primary initiating event could be related to any of the three, with age a major factor for WM injury, diet and APOE4 and other genes a factor for cholesterol dysmetabolism, and FAD and other genes for Abeta dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles S. DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, The MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Neurology, The MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
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4
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Ouyang Z, Zhong J, Shen J, Zeng Y. The cell origins of foam cell and lipid metabolism regulated by mechanical stress in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1179828. [PMID: 37123258 PMCID: PMC10133704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1179828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease initiated by endothelial activation, in which lipoprotein, cholesterol, extracellular matrix, and various types of immune and non-immune cells are accumulated and formed into plaques on the arterial wall suffering from disturbed flow, characterized by low and oscillating shear stress. Foam cells are a major cellular component in atherosclerotic plaques, which play an indispensable role in the occurrence, development and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. It was previously believed that foam cells were derived from macrophages or smooth muscle cells, but recent studies have suggested that there are other sources of foam cells. Many studies have found that the distribution of atherosclerotic plaques is not random but distributed at the bend and bifurcation of the arterial tree. The development and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque are affected by mechanical stress. In this review, we reviewed the advances in foam cell formation in atherosclerosis and the regulation of atherosclerotic plaque and lipid metabolism by mechanical forces. These findings provide new clues for investigating the mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression.
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Maja M, Tyteca D. Alteration of cholesterol distribution at the plasma membrane of cancer cells: From evidence to pathophysiological implication and promising therapy strategy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:999883. [PMID: 36439249 PMCID: PMC9682260 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.999883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-enriched domains are nowadays proposed to contribute to cancer cell proliferation, survival, death and invasion, with important implications in tumor progression. They could therefore represent promising targets for new anticancer treatment. However, although diverse strategies have been developed over the years from directly targeting cholesterol membrane content/distribution to adjusting sterol intake, all approaches present more or less substantial limitations. Those data emphasize the need to optimize current strategies, to develop new specific cholesterol-targeting anticancer drugs and/or to combine them with additional strategies targeting other lipids than cholesterol. Those objectives can only be achieved if we first decipher (i) the mechanisms that govern the formation and deformation of the different types of cholesterol-enriched domains and their interplay in healthy cells; (ii) the mechanisms behind domain deregulation in cancer; (iii) the potential generalization of observations in different types of cancer; and (iv) the specificity of some alterations in cancer vs. non-cancer cells as promising strategy for anticancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the homeostasis, roles and membrane distribution of cholesterol in non-tumorigenic cells. We will then integrate documented alterations of cholesterol distribution in domains at the surface of cancer cells and the mechanisms behind their contribution in cancer processes. We shall finally provide an overview on the potential strategies developed to target those cholesterol-enriched domains in cancer therapy.
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Yamamoto K, Scavenius C, Meschis MM, Gremida AME, Mogensen EH, Thøgersen IB, Bonelli S, Scilabra SD, Jensen A, Santamaria S, Ahnström J, Bou-Gharios G, Enghild JJ, Nagase H. A top-down approach to uncover the hidden ligandome of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 in cartilage. Matrix Biol 2022; 112:190-218. [PMID: 36028175 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a cell-surface receptor ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. It plays tissue-specific roles by mediating endocytosis of a diverse range of extracellular molecules. Dysregulation of LRP1 is involved in multiple conditions including osteoarthritis (OA) but little information is available about the specific profile of direct binding partners of LRP1 (ligandome) for each tissue, which would lead to a better understanding of its role in disease states. Here, we investigated adult articular cartilage where impaired LRP1-mediated endocytosis leads to tissue destruction. We used a top-down approach involving proteomic analysis of the LRP1 interactome in human chondrocytes, direct binding assays using purified LRP1 and ligand candidates, and validation in LRP1-deficient fibroblasts and human chondrocytes, as well as a novel Lrp1 conditional knockout (KO) mouse model. We found that inhibition of LRP1 and ligand interaction results in cell death, alteration of the entire secretome and transcriptional modulations in human chondrocytes. We identified a chondrocyte-specific LRP1 ligandome consisting of more than 50 novel ligand candidates. Surprisingly, 23 previously reported LRP1 ligands were not regulated by LRP1-mediated endocytosis in human chondrocytes. We confirmed direct LRP1 binding of HGFAC, HMGB1, HMGB2, CEMIP, SLIT2, ADAMTS1, TSG6, IGFBP7, SPARC and LIF, correlation between their affinity for LRP1 and the rate of endocytosis, and some of their intracellular localization. Moreover, a conditional LRP1 KO mouse model demonstrated a critical role of LRP1 in regulating the high-affinity ligands in cartilage in vivo. This systematic approach revealed the specificity and the extent of the chondrocyte LRP1 ligandome and identified potential novel therapeutic targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom.
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria M Meschis
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulrahman M E Gremida
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie H Mogensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida B Thøgersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simone Bonelli
- Fondazione RiMED - ISMETT via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone D Scilabra
- Fondazione RiMED - ISMETT via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anders Jensen
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josefin Ahnström
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
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7
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Joseph BB, Edeen PT, Meadows S, Binti S, Fay DS. An unexpected role for the conserved ADAM-family metalloprotease ADM-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans molting. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010249. [PMID: 35639786 PMCID: PMC9187072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molting is a widespread developmental process in which the external extracellular matrix (ECM), the cuticle, is remodeled to allow for organismal growth and environmental adaptation. Studies in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have identified a diverse set of molting-associated factors including signaling molecules, intracellular trafficking regulators, ECM components, and ECM-modifying enzymes such as matrix metalloproteases. C. elegans NEKL-2 and NEKL-3, two conserved members of the NEK family of protein kinases, are essential for molting and promote the endocytosis of environmental steroid-hormone precursors by the epidermis. Steroids in turn drive the cyclic induction of many genes required for molting. Here we report a role for the sole C. elegans ADAM–meltrin metalloprotease family member, ADM-2, as a mediator of molting. Loss of adm-2, including mutations that disrupt the metalloprotease domain, led to the strong suppression of molting defects in partial loss-of-function nekl mutants. ADM-2 is expressed in the epidermis, and its trafficking through the endo-lysosomal network was disrupted after NEKL depletion. We identified the epidermally expressed low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein, LRP-1, as a candidate target of ADM-2 regulation. Whereas loss of ADM-2 activity led to the upregulation of apical epidermal LRP-1, ADM-2 overexpression caused a reduction in LRP-1 levels. Consistent with this, several mammalian ADAMs, including the meltrin ADAM12, have been shown to regulate mammalian LRP1 via proteolysis. In contrast to mammalian homologs, however, the regulation of LRP-1 by ADM-2 does not appear to involve the metalloprotease function of ADM-2, nor is proteolytic processing of LRP-1 strongly affected in adm-2 mutants. Our findings suggest a noncanonical role for an ADAM family member in the regulation of a lipoprotein-like receptor and lead us to propose that endocytic trafficking may be important for both the internalization of factors that promote molting as well as the removal of proteins that can inhibit the process. The molecular and cellular features of molting in nematodes share many similarities with cellular and developmental processes that occur in mammals. This includes the degradation and reorganization of extracellular matrix materials that surround cells, as well as the intracellular machineries that allow cells to sample and modify their environments. In the current study, we found an unexpected function for a conserved protein that cleaves other proteins on the external surface of cells. Rather than promoting molting through extracellular matrix reorganization, however, the ADM-2 protease appears to function as a negative regulator of molting. This observation can be explained in part by data showing that ADM-2 negatively regulates a cell surface receptor required for molting. Surprisingly, it appears to do so through a mechanism that does not involve proteolysis. Our data provide insights into the mechanisms controlling molting and link several conserved proteins to show how they function together during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braveen B. Joseph
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Phillip T. Edeen
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Sarina Meadows
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Shaonil Binti
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - David S. Fay
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Peeney D, Liu Y, Lazaroff C, Gurung S, Stetler-Stevenson WG. OUP accepted manuscript. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:405-418. [PMID: 35436325 PMCID: PMC9167030 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are a conserved family of proteins that were originally identified as endogenous inhibitors of matrixin and adamalysin endopeptidase activity. The matrixins and adamalysins are the major mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, thus making TIMPs important regulators of ECM structure and composition. Despite their high sequence identity and relative redundancy in inhibitory profiles, each TIMP possesses unique biological characteristics that are independent of their regulation of metalloproteinase activity. As our understanding of TIMP biology has evolved, distinct roles have been assigned to individual TIMPs in cancer progression. In this respect, data regarding TIMP2's role in cancer have borne conflicting reports of both tumor suppressor and, to a lesser extent, tumor promoter functions. TIMP2 is the most abundant TIMP family member, prevalent in normal and diseased mammalian tissues as a constitutively expressed protein. Despite its apparent stable expression, recent work highlights how TIMP2 is a cell stress-induced gene product and that its biological activity can be dictated by extracellular posttranslational modifications. Hence an understanding of TIMP2 molecular targets, and how its biological functions evolve in the progressing tumor microenvironment may reveal new therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss the continually evolving functions of TIMP proteins, future perspectives in TIMP research, and the therapeutic utility of this family, with a particular focus on TIMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peeney
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 240-858-3233;
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carolyn Lazaroff
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sadeechya Gurung
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Bian W, Tang M, Jiang H, Xu W, Hao W, Sui Y, Hou Y, Nie L, Zhang H, Wang C, Li N, Wang J, Qin J, Wu L, Ma X, Chen J, Wang W, Li X. Low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 1 mediates Notch pathway activation. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2902-2919.e8. [PMID: 34626540 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway controls cell growth, differentiation, and fate decisions, and its dysregulation has been linked to various human genetic disorders and cancers. To comprehensively understand the global organization of the Notch pathway and identify potential drug targets for Notch-related diseases, we established a protein interaction landscape for the human Notch pathway. By combining and analyzing genetic and phenotypic data with bioinformatics analysis, we greatly expanded this pathway and identified many key regulators, including low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). We demonstrated that LRP1 mediates the ubiquitination chain linkage switching of Delta ligands, which further affects ligand recycling, membrane localization, and stability. LRP1 inhibition led to Notch signaling inhibition and decreased tumorigenesis in leukemia models. Our study provides a glimpse into the Notch pathway interaction network and uncovers LRP1 as one critical regulator of the Notch pathway, as well as a possible therapeutic target for Notch-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengfan Tang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanyu Hao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Science, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Sui
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingnan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Litong Nie
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lianfeng Wu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Science, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xianjue Ma
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Chen J, Su Y, Pi S, Hu B, Mao L. The Dual Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:682389. [PMID: 34124208 PMCID: PMC8192809 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein-1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor belonging to the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene family and that is widely expressed in several tissues. LRP1 comprises a large extracellular domain (ECD; 515 kDa, α chain) and a small intracellular domain (ICD; 85 kDa, β chain). The deletion of LRP1 leads to embryonic lethality in mice, revealing a crucial but yet undefined role in embryogenesis and development. LRP1 has been postulated to participate in numerous diverse physiological and pathological processes ranging from plasma lipoprotein homeostasis, atherosclerosis, tumor evolution, and fibrinolysis to neuronal regeneration and survival. Many studies using cultured cells and in vivo animal models have revealed the important roles of LRP1 in vascular remodeling, foam cell biology, inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, its role in atherosclerosis remains controversial. LRP1 not only participates in the removal of atherogenic lipoproteins and proatherogenic ligands in the liver but also mediates the uptake of aggregated LDL to promote the formation of macrophage- and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-derived foam cells, which causes a prothrombotic transformation of the vascular wall. The dual and opposing roles of LRP1 may also represent an interesting target for atherosclerosis therapeutics. This review highlights the influence of LRP1 during atherosclerosis development, focusing on its dual role in vascular cells and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ringland C, Schweig JE, Eisenbaum M, Paris D, Ait-Ghezala G, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L, Bachmeier C. MMP9 modulation improves specific neurobehavioral deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:39. [PMID: 34034683 PMCID: PMC8152085 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) has been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), where MMP9 levels are elevated in the brain and cerebrovasculature. Previously our group demonstrated apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) was less efficient in regulating MMP9 activity in the brain than other apoE isoforms, and that MMP9 inhibition facilitated beta-amyloid (Aβ) elimination across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) METHODS: In the current studies, we evaluated the impact of MMP9 modulation on Aβ disposition and neurobehavior in AD using two approaches, (1) pharmacological inhibition of MMP9 with SB-3CT in apoE4 x AD (E4FAD) mice, and (2) gene deletion of MMP9 in AD mice (MMP9KO/5xFAD) RESULTS: Treatment with the MMP9 inhibitor SB-3CT in E4FAD mice led to reduced anxiety compared to placebo using the elevated plus maze. Deletion of the MMP9 gene in 5xFAD mice also reduced anxiety using the open field test, in addition to improving sociability and social recognition memory, particularly in male mice, as assessed through the three-chamber task, indicating certain behavioral alterations in AD may be mediated by MMP9. However, neither pharmacological inhibition of MMP9 or gene deletion of MMP9 affected spatial learning or memory in the AD animals, as determined through the radial arm water maze. Moreover, the effect of MMP9 modulation on AD neurobehavior was not due to changes in Aβ disposition, as both brain and plasma Aβ levels were unchanged in the SB-3CT-treated E4FAD animals and MMP9KO/AD mice compared to their respective controls. CONCLUSIONS In total, while MMP9 inhibition did improve specific neurobehavioral deficits associated with AD, such as anxiety and social recognition memory, modulation of MMP9 did not alter spatial learning and memory or Aβ tissue levels in AD animals. While targeting MMP9 may represent a therapeutic strategy to mitigate aspects of neurobehavioral decline in AD, further work is necessary to understand the nature of the relationship between MMP9 activity and neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Ringland
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - Maxwell Eisenbaum
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Daniel Paris
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Ghania Ait-Ghezala
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
- Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, USA.
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12
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Rahman ANMI, Yamashita S, Islam MR, Fujihara T, Yamaguchi H, Kawahara M, Takahashi M, Takahashi H, Gotoh T, Yamauchi N. Type-I interferon regulates matrix metalloproteinases clearance of the bovine endometrial spheroid. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13350. [PMID: 32219980 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of type-I interferon (IFN) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of the bovine endometrial stromal cells (BES) and epithelial cells (BEE). The cells were separated and purified from the caruncles and cultured in DMEM/F-12 containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Spheroids were generated by using ascorbate. Zymograms of the supernatant showed that BEE predominantly expressed MMP-9, whereas MMP-2 was expressed in BES and homo-spheroids. While MMPs expression was not detected in hetero-spheroids. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that type-I IFN and P4 suppressed the gene expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in hetero-spheroids, respectively. On the other hand, gelatin zymography analysis of the supernatant showed that type-I IFN strongly promote the clearance of MMPs. While zymograms of the MMPs stocked in the hetero-spheroids were significantly reduced by type-I IFN. Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and leupeptin (both are serine proteinase inhibitors) significantly repressed the clearance of MMP-2 and MMP-9 induced by type-I IFN. Moreover, collagen fibers in hetero-spheroids significantly decreased after the treatment with type-I IFN. In conclusion, it was suggested that type-I IFN participate in the tissue remodeling by regulation the clearance of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Nur Md Iftekhar Rahman
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Seiya Yamashita
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Taisuke Fujihara
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamaguchi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawahara
- Department of Animal Science, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Department of Animal Science, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Laboratory of Meat Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yamauchi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Bailly C, Vergoten G. Proposed mechanisms for the extracellular release of PD-L1 by the anticancer saponin platycodin D. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106675. [PMID: 32531711 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Platycodin D (PTD) is an oleanane-type terpenoid saponin, isolated from the plant Platycodon grandiflorus. PTD displays multiple pharmacological effects, notably significant anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. Recently, PTD was shown to trigger the extracellular release of the immunologic checkpoint glycoprotein PD-L1. The reduction of PD-L1 expression at the surface of cancer cells leads to interleukin-2 secretion and T cells activation. In the present review, we have analyzed the potential origin of this atypical PTD-induced PD-L1 release to propose a mechanistic explanation. For that, we considered all published scientific information, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of the natural product (a modeling analysis of PTD and the related saponin β -escin is provided). On this basis, we raise the hypothesis that the capacity of PTD to induce PD-L1 extracellular release derives from two main mechanisms: (i) a drug-promoted shedding of membrane PD-L1 by metalloproteases or more likely, (ii) a cholesterol binding-related effect, that would lead to perturbation of membrane raft domains, limiting the recruitment of proteins like TLR4. The drug-induced membrane effects (frequently observed with saponin drugs), associated with a production of interferon-γ,can favor the release of proteins like PD-L1 into membrane vesicles. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that PTD is a cholesterol-dependent lipid raft-modulating agent able to promote the formation of PD-L1 containing extracellular vesicles. The anticancer potential of PTD and its capacity to modulate the functioning of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint should be further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gérard Vergoten
- University of Lille, Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, ICPAL, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP-83, F-59006 Lille, France
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14
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Chen J, Pi S, Yu C, Shi H, Liu Y, Guo X, Zhou L, Li Y, He H, Xia Y, Mao L, Hu B. sLRP1 (Soluble Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1): A Novel Biomarker for P2Y12 (P2Y Purinoceptor 12) Receptor Expression in Atherosclerotic Plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e166-e179. [PMID: 32349534 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies suggest that the P2Y12 (P2Y purinoceptor 12) receptor of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic plaques aggravates atherosclerosis, and P2Y12 receptor inhibitors such as CDL (clopidogrel) may effectively treat atherosclerosis. It is imperative to identify an effective biomarker for reflecting the P2Y12 receptor expression on vascular smooth muscle cells in plaques. Approach and Results: We found that there was a positive correlation between the level of circulating sLRP1 (soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) and the number of LRP1+ α-SMA+ (α-smooth muscle actin), P2Y12+, or P2Y12+ LRP1+ cells in plaques from apoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, activation of the P2Y12 receptor increased the expression and shedding of LRP1 in vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting cAMP (3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate)/PKA (protein kinase A)/SREBP-2 (sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2). Conversely, genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of the P2Y12 receptor had the opposite effects. Additionally, CDL decreased the number of lesional LRP1+ α-SMA+ cells and the levels of circulating sLRP1 by activating cAMP/PKA/SREBP-2 in apoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that sLRP1 may be a biomarker that reflects the P2Y12 receptor level in plaques and has the potential to be an indicator for administering P2Y12 receptor inhibitors for patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulan Pi
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Department of Ultrasound (C.Y.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanqing Shi
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui He
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xia
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Mao
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- From the Department of Neurology (J.C., S.P., H.S., Y. Liu, X.G., L.Z., Y. Li, H.H., Y.X., L.M., B.H.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hussain AA, Lee Y, Marshall J. Understanding the complexity of the matrix metalloproteinase system and its relevance to age-related diseases: Age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 74:100775. [PMID: 31473329 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are maintained by tightly coupled processes of continuous synthesis and degradation. The degradative arm is mediated by a family of proteolytic enzymes called the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These enzymes are released as latent proteins (pro-MMPs) and on activation are capable of degrading most components of an ECM. Activity of these enzymes is checked by the presence of tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and current opinion holds that the ratio of TIMPs/MMPs determines the relative rate of degradation. Thus, elevated ratios are thought to compromise degradation leading to the accumulation of abnormal ECM material, whilst diminished ratios are thought to lead to excessive ECM degradation (facilitating angiogenesis and the spread of cancer cells). Our recent work has shown this system to be far more complex. MMP species tend to undergo covalent modification leading to homo- and hetero-dimerization and aggregation resulting in the formation of very large macromolecular weight MMP complexes (LMMCs). In addition, the various MMP species also show a bound-free compartmentalisation. The net result of these changes is to reduce the availability of the latent forms of MMPs for the activation process. An assessment of the degradation potential of the MMP system in any tissue must therefore take into account the degree of sequestration of the latent MMP species, a protocol that has not previously been addressed. Taking into consideration the complexities already described, we will present an analysis of the MMP system in two common neurodegenerative disorders, namely age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Hussain
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
| | - Yunhee Lee
- Alt-Regen Co., Ltd, Heungdeok IT Valley, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
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16
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Rivera S, García-González L, Khrestchatisky M, Baranger K. Metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3167-3191. [PMID: 31197405 PMCID: PMC11105182 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As life expectancy increases worldwide, age-related neurodegenerative diseases will increase in parallel. The lack of effective treatment strategies may soon lead to an unprecedented health, social and economic crisis. Any attempt to halt the progression of these diseases requires a thorough knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved to facilitate the identification of new targets and the application of innovative therapeutic strategies. The metzincin superfamily of metalloproteinases includes matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) and ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS). These multigenic and multifunctional proteinase families regulate the functions of an increasing number of signalling and scaffolding molecules involved in neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, protein misfolding, synaptic dysfunction or neuronal death. Metalloproteinases and their physiological inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), are therefore, at the crossroads of molecular and cellular mechanisms that support neurodegenerative processes, and emerge as potential new therapeutic targets. We provide an overview of current knowledge on the role and regulation of metalloproteinases and TIMPs in four major neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rivera
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | - Kévin Baranger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
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17
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Hsia HE, Tüshaus J, Brummer T, Zheng Y, Scilabra SD, Lichtenthaler SF. Functions of 'A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs)' in the mammalian nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3055-3081. [PMID: 31236626 PMCID: PMC11105368 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
'A disintegrin and metalloproteases' (ADAMs) are a family of transmembrane proteins with diverse functions in multicellular organisms. About half of the ADAMs are active metalloproteases and cleave numerous cell surface proteins, including growth factors, receptors, cytokines and cell adhesion proteins. The other ADAMs have no catalytic activity and function as adhesion proteins or receptors. Some ADAMs are ubiquitously expressed, others are expressed tissue specifically. This review highlights functions of ADAMs in the mammalian nervous system, including their links to diseases. The non-proteolytic ADAM11, ADAM22 and ADAM23 have key functions in neural development, myelination and synaptic transmission and are linked to epilepsy. Among the proteolytic ADAMs, ADAM10 is the best characterized one due to its substrates Notch and amyloid precursor protein, where cleavage is required for nervous system development or linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively. Recent work demonstrates that ADAM10 has additional substrates and functions in the nervous system and its substrate selectivity may be regulated by tetraspanins. New roles for other proteolytic ADAMs in the nervous system are also emerging. For example, ADAM8 and ADAM17 are involved in neuroinflammation. ADAM17 additionally regulates neurite outgrowth and myelination and its activity is controlled by iRhoms. ADAM19 and ADAM21 function in regenerative processes upon neuronal injury. Several ADAMs, including ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM15 and ADAM30, are potential drug targets for AD. Taken together, this review summarizes recent progress concerning substrates and functions of ADAMs in the nervous system and their use as drug targets for neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-En Hsia
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Science, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Science, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Brummer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Science, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanpeng Zheng
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Science, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone D Scilabra
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Science, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research, IRCCS-ISMETT, via Tricomi 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Science, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Henriet P, Emonard H. Matrix metalloproteinase-2: Not (just) a "hero" of the past. Biochimie 2019; 166:223-232. [PMID: 31362036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The 72-kDa type IV collagenase or gelatinase A is the second member of the matrix metalloproteinase family, MMP-2. Since the discovery of its first two substrates within components of the extracellular matrix, denatured interstitial type I collagen and native type IV collagen, the roles and various levels of regulation of MMP-2 have been intensively studied, mainly in vitro. Its (over)expression in most if not all tumors was considered a hallmark of cancer aggressiveness and boosted investigations aiming at its inhibition. Unfortunately, the enthusiasm subsided like a soufflé after clinical trial failures, mostly because of insufficient knowledge of in vivo MMP-2 activities and detrimental side effects of broad-spectrum MMP inhibition. Nowadays, MMP-2 remains a major topic of interest in research, the second in the MMP family after MMP-9. This review presents a broad overview of the major features of this protease. This knowledge is crucial to identify diagnostic or therapeutic strategies focusing on MMP-2. In this sense, recent publications and clinical trials underline the potential value of measuring circulating or tissular MMP-2 levels as diagnostic or prognostic tools, or as a useful secondary outcome for therapies against other primary targets. Direct MMP-2 inhibition has benefited from substantial progress in the design of more specific inhibitors but their in vivo application remains challenging but certainly worth the efforts it receives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Henriet
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hervé Emonard
- CNRS and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR 7369, 51100, Reims, France.
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Influence of Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 on Beta-Amyloid Elimination Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8296-8305. [PMID: 31209784 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein receptor transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediates beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brain and may be a contributing factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Lipoprotein receptors are susceptible to proteolytic shedding at the cell surface, which precludes the endocytic transport of ligands. A ligand that closely interacts with the lipoprotein receptors is apolipoprotein E (apoE), which exists as three isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, apoE4). Our prior work showed an inverse relationship between lipoprotein receptor shedding and Aβ transport across the BBB, which was apoE-isoform dependent. To interrogate this further, the current studies investigated an enzyme implicated in lipoprotein receptor shedding, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Treatment with MMP9 dose-dependently elevated lipoprotein receptor shedding in brain endothelial cells and freshly isolated mouse cerebrovessels. Furthermore, treatment with a MMP9 inhibitor (SB-3CT) mitigated Aβ-induced lipoprotein receptor shedding in brain endothelial cells and the brains of apoE4 animals. In terms of BBB transit, SB-3CT treatment increased the transport of Aβ across an in vitro model of the BBB. In vivo, administration of SB-3CT to apoE4 animals significantly enhanced Aβ clearance from the brain to the periphery following intracranial administration of Aβ. The current studies show that MMP9 impacts lipoprotein receptor shedding and Aβ transit across the BBB, in an apoE isoform-specific manner. In total, MMP9 inhibition can facilitate Aβ clearance across the BBB, which could be an effective approach to lowering Aβ levels in the brain and mitigating the AD phenotype, particularly in subjects carrying the apoE4 allele.
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Schubert K, Collins LE, Green P, Nagase H, Troeberg L. LRP1 Controls TNF Release via the TIMP-3/ADAM17 Axis in Endotoxin-Activated Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1501-1509. [PMID: 30659107 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The metalloproteinase ADAM17 plays a pivotal role in initiating inflammation by releasing TNF from its precursor. Prolonged TNF release causes many chronic inflammatory diseases, indicating that tight regulation of ADAM17 activity is essential for resolution of inflammation. In this study, we report that the endogenous ADAM17 inhibitor TIMP-3 inhibits ADAM17 activity only when it is bound to the cell surface and that cell surface levels of TIMP-3 in endotoxin-activated human macrophages are dynamically controlled by the endocytic receptor LRP1. Pharmacological blockade of LRP1 inhibited endocytic clearance of TIMP-3, leading to an increase in cell surface levels of the inhibitor that blocked TNF release. Following LPS stimulation, TIMP-3 levels on the surface of macrophages increased 4-fold within 4 h and continued to accumulate at 6 h, before a return to baseline levels at 8 h. This dynamic regulation of cell surface TIMP-3 levels was independent of changes in TIMP-3 mRNA levels, but correlated with shedding of LRP1. These results shed light on the basic mechanisms that maintain a regulated inflammatory response and ensure its timely resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schubert
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E Collins
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Green
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
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Yang T, Williams BO. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Proteins in Skeletal Development and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1211-1228. [PMID: 28615463 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) provided a foundation for subsequent studies in lipoprotein metabolism, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and many other fundamental biological functions. The importance of the LDLR led to numerous studies that identified homologous molecules and ultimately resulted in the description of the LDL-receptor superfamily, a group of proteins that contain domains also found in the LDLR. Subsequent studies have revealed that members of the LDLR-related protein family play roles in regulating many aspects of signal transduction. This review is focused on the roles of selected members of this protein family in skeletal development and disease. We present background on the identification of this subgroup of receptors, discuss the phenotypes associated with alterations in their function in human patients and mouse models, and describe the current efforts to therapeutically target these proteins to treat human skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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22
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Roura S, Gálvez-Montón C, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Valero AG, Gastelurrutia P, Revuelta-López E, Prat-Vidal C, Soler-Botija C, Llucià-Valldeperas A, Perea-Gil I, Iborra-Egea O, Borràs FE, Lupón J, Llorente-Cortés V, Bayes-Genis A. Extracellular vesicles do not contribute to higher circulating levels of soluble LRP1 in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3000-3009. [PMID: 28557183 PMCID: PMC5661250 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is a frequent cause of heart transplantation. Potentially valuable blood markers are being sought, and low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1) has been linked to the underlying molecular basis of the disease. This study compared circulating levels of soluble LRP1 (sLRP1) in IDCM patients and healthy controls and elucidated whether sLRP1 is exported out of the myocardium through extracellular vesicles (EVs) to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. LRP1 α chain expression was analysed in samples collected from the left ventricles of explanted hearts using immunohistochemistry. sLRP1 concentrations were determined in platelet‐free plasma by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma‐derived EVs were extracted by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and cryo‐transmission electron microscopy. The distributions of vesicular (CD9, CD81) and myocardial (caveolin‐3) proteins and LRP1 α chain were assessed in SEC fractions by flow cytometry. LRP1 α chain was preferably localized to blood vessels in IDCM compared to control myocardium. Circulating sLRP1 was increased in IDCM patients. CD9‐ and CD81‐positive fractions enriched with membrane vesicles with the expected size and morphology were isolated from both groups. The LRP1 α chain was not present in these SEC fractions, which were also positive for caveolin‐3. The increase in circulating sLRP1 in IDCM patients may be clinically valuable. Although EVs do not contribute to higher sLRP1 levels in IDCM, a comprehensive analysis of EV content would provide further insights into the search for novel blood markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Roura
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Gámez Valero
- Innovation in Vesicles and Cells for Application in Therapy Group, IGTP, Badalona, Spain
| | - Paloma Gastelurrutia
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Revuelta-López
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat-Vidal
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Soler-Botija
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Llucià-Valldeperas
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Isaac Perea-Gil
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Oriol Iborra-Egea
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc E Borràs
- Innovation in Vesicles and Cells for Application in Therapy Group, IGTP, Badalona, Spain.,Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Josep Lupón
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Service, HUGTiP, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Service, HUGTiP, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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23
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FXII promotes proteolytic processing of the LRP1 ectodomain. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2088-2098. [PMID: 28552561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor XII (FXII) is a serine protease that is involved in activation of the intrinsic blood coagulation, the kallikrein-kinin system and the complement cascade. Although the binding of FXII to the cell surface has been demonstrated, the consequence of this event for proteolytic processing of membrane-anchored proteins has never been described. METHODS The effect of FXII on the proteolytic processing of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) ectodomain was tested in human primary lung fibroblasts (hLF), alveolar macrophages (hAM) and in human precision cut lung slices (hPCLS). The identity of generated LRP1 fragments was confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS. Activity of FXII and gelatinases was measured by S-2302 hydrolysis and zymography, respectively. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate a new function of FXII, namely its ability to process LRP1 extracellular domain. Incubation of hLF, hAM, or hPCLS with FXII resulted in the accumulation of LRP1 ectodomain fragments in conditioned media. This effect was independent of metalloproteases and required FXII proteolytic activity. Binding of FXII to hLF surface induced its conversion to FXIIa and protected FXIIa against inactivation by a broad spectrum of serine protease inhibitors. Preincubation of hLF with collagenase I impaired FXII activation and, in consequence, LRP1 cleavage. FXII-triggered LRP1 processing was associated with the accumulation of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in conditioned media. CONCLUSIONS FXII controls LRP1 levels and function at the plasma membrane by modulating processing of its ectodomain. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE FXII-dependent proteolytic processing of LRP1 may exacerbate extracellular proteolysis and thus promote pathological tissue remodeling.
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24
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Cerebrovascular Angiogenic Reprogramming upon LRP1 Repression: Impact on Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Mediated Signaling in Brain Endothelial Cell Chemotactism. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3551-3563. [PMID: 28516428 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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De Luca C, Papa M. Matrix Metalloproteinases, Neural Extracellular Matrix, and Central Nervous System Pathology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:167-202. [PMID: 28662822 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The functionality and stability of the central nervous system (CNS) pabulum, called neural extracellular matrix (nECM), is paramount for the maintenance of a healthy network. The loosening or the damage of the scaffold disrupts synaptic transmission with the consequent imbalance of the neurotransmitters, reactive cells invasion, astrocytosis, new matrix deposition, digestion of the previous structure and ultimately, maladaptive plasticity with the loss of neuronal viability. nECM is constantly affected by CNS disorders, particularly in chronic modifying such as neurodegenerative disease, or in acute/subacute with chronic sequelae, like cerebrovascular and inflammatory pathology. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the main interfering agent of nECM, guiding the balance of degradation and new deposition of proteins such as proteoglycans and glycoproteins, or glycosaminoglycans, such as hyaluronic acid. Activation of these enzymes is modulated by their physiologic inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of MMPs or via other proteases inhibitors, as well as genetic or epigenetic up- or downregulation through molecular interaction or receptor activation. The appropriate understanding of the pathways underlying nECM modifications in CNS pathology is probably one of the pivotal future directions to identify the healthy brain network and subsequently design new therapies to interfere with the progression of the CNS disease and eventually find appropriate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro De Luca
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; SYSBIO, Centre for Systems Biology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
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26
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Yamamoto K, Santamaria S, Botkjaer KA, Dudhia J, Troeberg L, Itoh Y, Murphy G, Nagase H. Inhibition of Shedding of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 Reverses Cartilage Matrix Degradation in Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1246-1256. [PMID: 28235248 PMCID: PMC5449214 DOI: 10.1002/art.40080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aggrecanase ADAMTS-5 and the collagenase matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) are constitutively secreted by chondrocytes in normal cartilage, but rapidly endocytosed via the cell surface endocytic receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) and subsequently degraded. This endocytic system is impaired in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage due to increased ectodomain shedding of LRP-1. The aim of this study was to identify the LRP-1 sheddase(s) in human cartilage and to test whether inhibition of LRP-1 shedding prevents cartilage degradation in OA. METHODS Cell-associated LRP-1 and soluble LRP-1 (sLRP-1) released from human cartilage explants and chondrocytes were measured by Western blot analysis. LRP-1 sheddases were identified by proteinase inhibitor profiling and gene silencing with small interfering RNAs. Specific monoclonal antibodies were used to selectively inhibit the sheddases. Degradation of aggrecan and collagen in human OA cartilage was measured by Western blot analysis using an antibody against an aggrecan neoepitope and a hydroxyproline assay, respectively. RESULTS Shedding of LRP-1 was increased in OA cartilage compared with normal tissue. Shed sLRP-1 bound to ADAMTS-5 and MMP-13 and prevented their endocytosis without interfering with their proteolytic activities. Two membrane-bound metalloproteinases, ADAM-17 and MMP-14, were identified as the LRP-1 sheddases in cartilage. Inhibition of their activities restored the endocytic capacity of chondrocytes and reduced degradation of aggrecan and collagen in OA cartilage. CONCLUSION Shedding of LRP-1 is a key link to OA progression. Local inhibition of LRP-1 sheddase activities of ADAM-17 and MMP-14 is a unique way to reverse matrix degradation in OA cartilage and could be effective as a therapeutic approach.
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27
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Gilardoni MB, Remedi MM, Oviedo M, Dellavedova T, Sarría JP, Racca L, Dominguez M, Pellizas CG, Donadio AC. Differential expression of Low density lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 1 (LRP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in prostate gland: From normal to malignant lesions. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 213:66-71. [PMID: 27931798 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are relevant modulators of inflammation, tumor microenvironment, cancer invasion and metastasis. They can be regulated by the Low density lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 1 (LRP-1), a receptor reported to mediate the clearance of lipoproteins, extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules and proteinases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of LRP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 across various grades of prostatic diseases as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), BPH plus prostatitis (BPH+P), high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS LRP-1 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and MMPs proteolytic activity by zymography in prostate tissues with different prostatic diseases. RESULTS LRP-1 was detected in epithelial cells in BPH (16/18), BPH+P (21/21) and HGPIN (6/6), with a staining intensity of 1+, 1+/2+ and 3+, respectively. In PCa, LRP-1 was absent in 19/27 samples while a low expression was observed in 8/27 biopsies. MMP-9 activity was higher and statistically significant in PCa than in BPH (p≤0.01). CONCLUSION Considering that LRP-1, by mediating the clearance of MMPs, is involved in the regulation of ECM remodeling and cell migration, we conclude that a decreased expression of LRP-1 could be involved with the increasing activity of MMPs shown in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica B Gilardoni
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María M Remedi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mabel Oviedo
- Histología y Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Tristán Dellavedova
- Fundación Urológica Córdoba para la Docencia e Investigación Médica, FUCDIM, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan P Sarría
- Fundación Urológica Córdoba para la Docencia e Investigación Médica, FUCDIM, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Racca
- Fundación Urológica Córdoba para la Docencia e Investigación Médica, FUCDIM, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Dominguez
- Fundación Urológica Córdoba para la Docencia e Investigación Médica, FUCDIM, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Pellizas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana C Donadio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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28
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Müller SA, Scilabra SD, Lichtenthaler SF. Proteomic Substrate Identification for Membrane Proteases in the Brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:96. [PMID: 27790089 PMCID: PMC5062031 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication in the brain is controlled by multiple mechanisms, including proteolysis. Membrane-bound proteases generate signaling molecules from membrane-bound precursor proteins and control the length and function of cell surface membrane proteins. These proteases belong to different families, including members of the “a disintegrin and metalloprotease” (ADAM), the beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzymes (BACE), membrane-type matrix metalloproteases (MT-MMP) and rhomboids. Some of these proteases, in particular ADAM10 and BACE1 have been shown to be essential not only for the correct development of the mammalian brain, but also for myelination and maintaining neuronal connections in the adult nervous system. Additionally, these proteases are considered as drug targets for brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), schizophrenia and cancer. Despite their biomedical relevance, the molecular functions of these proteases in the brain have not been explored in much detail, as little was known about their substrates. This has changed with the recent development of novel proteomic methods which allow to identify substrates of membrane-bound proteases from cultured cells, primary neurons and other primary brain cells and even in vivo from minute amounts of mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This review summarizes the recent advances and highlights the strengths of the individual proteomic methods. Finally, using the example of the Alzheimer-related proteases BACE1, ADAM10 and γ-secretase, as well as ADAM17 and signal peptide peptidase like 3 (SPPL3), we illustrate how substrate identification with novel methods is instrumental in elucidating broad physiological functions of these proteases in the brain and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Simone D Scilabra
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität MünchenMunich, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität MunichGarching, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Munich, Germany
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29
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Fernandez‐Patron C, Kassiri Z, Leung D. Modulation of Systemic Metabolism by MMP‐2: From MMP‐2 Deficiency in Mice to MMP‐2 Deficiency in Patients. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1935-1949. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Zhao Y, Li D, Zhao J, Song J, Zhao Y. The role of the low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 (LRP-1) in regulating blood-brain barrier integrity. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:623-34. [PMID: 27206317 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a protective structure that helps maintaining the homeostasis in cerebral microenvironment by limiting the passage of molecules into the brain. BBB is formed by closely conjugated endothelial cells, with astrocytic endfeet surrounded and extracellular matrix (ECM) consolidated. Numerous neurological diseases can cause disturbance of BBB, leading to brain edema and neurological dysfunctions. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor–related protein 1 (LRP-1), a member of the LDL receptor gene family, is involved in a lot of important processes in the brain under both physiological and pathological conditions. As a membrane receptor, LRP-1 interacts with a variety of ligands and mediates the internalization of several important substances. LRP-1 is found responsible for inducing the opening of BBB following ischemic attack. It has also been reported that LRP-1 regulates several tight junction proteins and mediates the clearance of major ECM-degrading proteinases. In this review, we briefly discussed the role of LRP-1 in regulating BBB integrity by modulating tight junction proteins, endothelial cells and the remodeling of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’, and Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dandong Li
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’, and Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinning Song
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’, and Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yonglin Zhao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’, and Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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31
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Auderset L, Cullen CL, Young KM. Low Density Lipoprotein-Receptor Related Protein 1 Is Differentially Expressed by Neuronal and Glial Populations in the Developing and Mature Mouse Central Nervous System. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155878. [PMID: 27280679 PMCID: PMC4900551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The low density lipoprotein-receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic cell surface receptor that is known to interact with a variety of ligands, intracellular adaptor proteins and other cell surface receptors to regulate cellular behaviours ranging from proliferation to cell fate specification, migration, axon guidance, and lipid metabolism. A number of studies have demonstrated that LRP1 is expressed in the brain, yet it is unclear which central nervous system cell types express LRP1 during development and in adulthood. Herein we undertake a detailed study of LRP1 expression within the mouse brain and spinal cord, examining a number of developmental stages ranging from embryonic day 13.5 to postnatal day 60. We report that LRP1 expression in the brain peaks during postnatal development. On a cellular level, LRP1 is expressed by radial glia, neuroblasts, microglia, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), astrocytes and neurons, with the exception of parvalbumin+ interneurons in the cortex. Most cell populations exhibit stable expression of LRP1 throughout development; however, the proportion of OPCs that express LRP1 increases significantly from ~69% at E15.5 to ~99% in adulthood. We also report that LRP1 expression is rapidly lost as OPCs differentiate, and is absent from all oligodendrocytes, including newborn oligodendrocytes. While LRP1 function has been primarily examined in mature neurons, these expression data suggest it plays a more critical role in glial cell regulation-where expression levels are much higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Auderset
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Carlie L. Cullen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Kaylene M. Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
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Yamamoto K, Okano H, Miyagawa W, Visse R, Shitomi Y, Santamaria S, Dudhia J, Troeberg L, Strickland DK, Hirohata S, Nagase H. MMP-13 is constitutively produced in human chondrocytes and co-endocytosed with ADAMTS-5 and TIMP-3 by the endocytic receptor LRP1. Matrix Biol 2016; 56:57-73. [PMID: 27084377 PMCID: PMC5146981 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) degrades collagenous extracellular matrix and its aberrant activity associates with diseases such as arthritis, cancer, atherosclerosis and fibrosis. The wide range of MMP-13 proteolytic capacity suggests that it is a powerful, potentially destructive proteinase and thus it has been believed that MMP-13 is not produced in most adult human tissues in the steady state. Present study has revealed that human chondrocytes isolated from healthy adults constitutively express and secrete MMP-13, but that it is rapidly endocytosed and degraded by chondrocytes. Both pro- and activated MMP-13 bind to clusters II and III of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). Domain deletion studies indicated that the hemopexin domain is responsible for this interaction. Binding competition between MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4, -5 or TIMP-3, which also bind to cluster II, further shown that the MMP-13 binding site within cluster II is different from those of ADAMTS-4, -5 or TIMP-3. MMP-13 is therefore co-endocytosed with ADAMTS-5 and TIMP-3 by human chondrocytes. These findings indicate that MMP-13 may play a role on physiological turnover of cartilage extracellular matrix and that LRP1 is a key modulator of extracellular levels of MMP-13 and its internalization is independent of the levels of ADAMTS-4, -5 and TIMP-3. ProMMP-13 is constitutively produced and endocytosed by chondrocytes. LRP1 is a key modulator of extracellular levels of proMMP-13 and MMP-13. ProMMP-13 and MMP-13 directly bind to LRP1 via the hemopexin domain. Unique sites on LRP1 for MMP-13 binding have been mapped. Co-endocytosis of proMMP-13 with ADAMTS-4, -5 and TIMP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Hiroshi Okano
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Wakako Miyagawa
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Robert Visse
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yasuyuki Shitomi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Satoshi Hirohata
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Looking Inside the Matrix: Perineuronal Nets in Plasticity, Maladaptive Plasticity and Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1507-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Dekky B, Wahart A, Sartelet H, Féré M, Angiboust JF, Dedieu S, Piot O, Devy J, Emonard H. Cellular Cholesterol Distribution Influences Proteolytic Release of the LRP-1 Ectodomain. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:25. [PMID: 26903870 PMCID: PMC4751253 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is a multifunctional matricellular receptor composed of a large ligand-binding subunit (515-kDa α-chain) associated with a short trans-membrane subunit (85-kDa β-chain). LRP-1, which exhibits both endocytosis and cell signaling properties, plays a key role in tumor invasion by regulating the activity of proteinases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). LRP-1 is shed at the cell surface by proteinases such as membrane-type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-12 (ADAM-12). Here, we show by using biophysical, biochemical, and cellular imaging approaches that efficient extraction of cell cholesterol and increased LRP-1 shedding occur in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells but not in MDA-MB-435 cells. Our data show that cholesterol is differently distributed in both cell lines; predominantly intracellularly for MDA-MB-231 cells and at the plasma membrane for MDA-MB-435 cells. This study highlights the relationship between the rate and cellular distribution of cholesterol and its impact on LRP-1 shedding modulation. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that the increase of LRP-1 shedding upon cholesterol depletion induces a higher accessibility of the sheddase substrate, i.e., LRP-1, at the cell surface rather than an increase of expression of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassil Dekky
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Récepteurs Matriciels, UFR de Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France; CNRS, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UMR 7369Reims, France
| | - Amandine Wahart
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Récepteurs Matriciels, UFR de Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France; CNRS, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UMR 7369Reims, France
| | - Hervé Sartelet
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Récepteurs Matriciels, UFR de Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France; CNRS, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UMR 7369Reims, France
| | - Michaël Féré
- CNRS, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UMR 7369Reims, France; MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France; Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Jean-François Angiboust
- CNRS, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UMR 7369Reims, France; MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France; Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Stéphane Dedieu
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Récepteurs Matriciels, UFR de Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France; CNRS, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UMR 7369Reims, France
| | - Olivier Piot
- CNRS, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UMR 7369Reims, France; MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France; Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Jérôme Devy
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Récepteurs Matriciels, UFR de Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France; CNRS, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UMR 7369Reims, France
| | - Hervé Emonard
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Récepteurs Matriciels, UFR de Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France; CNRS, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UMR 7369Reims, France
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Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related Proteins as Regulators of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cell Function. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2108495. [PMID: 26949399 PMCID: PMC4754494 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a highly organised structure. Many signalling systems work in concert to ensure that neural stem cells are appropriately directed to generate progenitor cells, which in turn mature into functional cell types including projection neurons, interneurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Herein we explore the role of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family, in particular family members LRP1 and LRP2, in regulating the behaviour of neural stem and progenitor cells during development and adulthood. The ability of LRP1 and LRP2 to bind a diverse and extensive range of ligands, regulate ligand endocytosis, recruit nonreceptor tyrosine kinases for direct signal transduction and signal in conjunction with other receptors, enables them to modulate many crucial neural cell functions.
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Circulating soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (sLRP1) concentration is associated with hypercholesterolemia: A new potential biomarker for atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 201:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shen C, Xiong WC, Mei L. LRP4 in neuromuscular junction and bone development and diseases. Bone 2015; 80:101-108. [PMID: 26071838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family. Recent studies have revealed multiple functions and complex signaling mechanisms of LRP4 in different organs and tissues. LPR4 mutation or malfunction has been implicated in neurological disorders including congenital myasthenic syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and diseases of bone or kidney. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Shen
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Gioia M, Vindigni G, Testa B, Raniolo S, Fasciglione GF, Coletta M, Biocca S. Membrane Cholesterol Modulates LOX-1 Shedding in Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141270. [PMID: 26495844 PMCID: PMC4619672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a scavenger receptor responsible for ox-LDL recognition, binding and internalization, which is up-regulated during atherogenesis. Its activation triggers endothelium dysfunction and induces inflammation. A soluble form of LOX-1 has been identified in the human blood and its presence considered a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. We recently showed that cholesterol-lowering drugs inhibit ox-LDL binding and internalization, rescuing the ox-LDL induced apoptotic phenotype in primary endothelial cells. Here we have investigated the molecular bases of human LOX-1 shedding by metalloproteinases and the role of cell membrane cholesterol on the regulation of this event by modulating its level with MβCD and statins. We report that membrane cholesterol affects the release of different forms of LOX-1 in cells transiently and stably expressing human LOX-1 and in a human endothelial cell line (EA.hy926). In particular, our data show that i) cholesterol depletion triggers the release of LOX-1 in exosomes as a full-length transmembrane isoform and as a truncated ectodomain soluble fragment (sLOX-1); ii) endothelial cells secrete a soluble metalloproteinase which induces LOX-1 ectodomain shedding and iii) long term statins treatment enhances sLOX-1 proteolytic shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Gioia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Vindigni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Testa
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Raniolo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Fasciglione
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Biocca
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Moxon JV, Behl-Gilhotra R, Morton SK, Krishna SM, Seto SW, Biros E, Nataatmadja M, West M, Walker PJ, Norman PE, Golledge J. Plasma Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 1 Concentration is not Associated with Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Presence. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2015; 50:466-73. [PMID: 26188720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Recent genetic data suggest that a polymorphism of LRP1 is an independent risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The aims of this study were to assess whether plasma and aortic concentrations of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) are associated with AAA, and to investigate the possible relevance of LRP1 to AAA pathophysiology. METHODS Three analyses were conducted. First, plasma LRP1 concentrations were measured in community-dwelling men with and without AAA (n = 189 and n = 309, respectively) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Second, Western blotting analyses were employed to compare the expression of LRP1 protein in aortic biopsies collected from patients with AAA and nonaneurysmal postmortem donors (n = 6/group). Finally, the effect of in vitro LRP1 blockade on matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) clearance by vascular smooth muscle cells was assessed by zymography. RESULTS Plasma LRP1 concentrations did not differ between groups of men with and without AAA (median concentration 4.56 μg/mL [interquartile range {IQR} (3.39-5.96)] and 4.43 μg/mL [IQR 3.44-5.84], respectively; p = .48), and were not associated with AAA after adjusting for other risk factors (odds ratio 1.10 [95% confidence interval: 0.91-1.32]; p = 0.35). In contrast, LRP1 expression was approximately 3.4-fold lower in aortic biopsies recovered from patients with AAA compared with controls (median [IQR] expression 1.72 [0.94-3.14] and 5.91 [4.63-6.94] relative density units, respectively; p < .01). In vitro LRP1 blockade significantly reduced the ability of vascular smooth muscle cells to internalize extracellular MMP9. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that aortic but not circulating LRP1 is downregulated in patients with AAA and indicates a possible role for this protein in clearing an aneurysm-relevant ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Moxon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - R Behl-Gilhotra
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - S K Morton
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - S M Krishna
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - S W Seto
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; National Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - E Biros
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - M Nataatmadja
- The Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia
| | - M West
- The Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia
| | - P J Walker
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery and Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - P E Norman
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - J Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery and Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia.
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Ramanathan A, Nelson AR, Sagare AP, Zlokovic BV. Impaired vascular-mediated clearance of brain amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease: the role, regulation and restoration of LRP1. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:136. [PMID: 26236233 PMCID: PMC4502358 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) homeostasis in the brain is governed by its production and clearance mechanisms. An imbalance in this homeostasis results in pathological accumulations of cerebral Aβ, a characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While Aβ may be cleared by several physiological mechanisms, a major route of Aβ clearance is the vascular-mediated removal of Aβ from the brain across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we discuss the role of the predominant Aβ clearance protein—low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)—in the efflux of Aβ from the brain. We also outline the multiple factors that influence the function of LRP1-mediated Aβ clearance, such as its expression, shedding, structural modification and transcriptional regulation by other genes. Finally, we summarize approaches aimed at restoring LRP1-mediated Aβ clearance from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ramanathan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Abhay P Sagare
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Siani A, Khaw RR, Manley OWG, Tirella A, Cellesi F, Donno R, Tirelli N. Fibronectin localization and fibrillization are affected by the presence of serum in culture media. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9278. [PMID: 25797118 PMCID: PMC4369722 DOI: 10.1038/srep09278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of fibrotic phenomena are often based on the fibroblast-myofibroblast transition as the contraction-triggering cellular event. There are, however, multiple sources of concern regarding the appropriateness of such models; a first and widely investigated issue is the often inappropriate nature of the interactions between mesenchymal cells and surrounding/underlying matrix/substrate. A second set of problems concerns the composition of the fluid phase, which includes both dispersed/dissolved paracrine messengers and matrix elements. In this study, we have focused on the effects that serum may generate. We have observed that A) serum causes high variability in the expression of typical markers of myofibroblast differentiation (ED-A fibronectin and α-Smooth Muscle Actin) upon treatment with TGF-β1; this is probably due to intrinsic variability of cytokine concentrations in different batches of serum. B) the fibrillization of endogenous fibronectin is partially hampered and its localization changed from ventral (on the substrate) to dorsal (upper surface); the latter morphology appears to be largely overlooked in literature, even though it may have a significant role in terms of mechanotransductive signaling. This quite dramatic change possibly occurs as a result of competition with serum proteins, although our data seem to rule out a direct role of serum fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Siani
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Rong R. Khaw
- School of Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver W. G. Manley
- School of Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Donno
- School of Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Yamamoto K, Murphy G, Troeberg L. Extracellular regulation of metalloproteinases. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:255-63. [PMID: 25701651 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and adamalysin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) belong to the metzincin superfamily of metalloproteinases and they play key roles in extracellular matrix catabolism, activation and inactivation of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other proteinases at the cell surface and within the extracellular matrix. Their activities are tightly regulated in a number of ways, such as transcriptional regulation, proteolytic activation and interaction with tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Here, we highlight recent studies that have illustrated novel mechanisms regulating the extracellular activity of these enzymes. These include allosteric activation of metalloproteinases by molecules that bind outside the active site, modulation of location and activity by interaction with cell surface and extracellular matrix molecules, and endocytic clearance from the extracellular milieu by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX37FY, UK
| | - Gillian Murphy
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX37FY, UK.
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Ulasov I, Yi R, Guo D, Sarvaiya P, Cobbs C. The emerging role of MMP14 in brain tumorigenesis and future therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Sun JH, Yu JT, Tan L. The Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:947-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Nyren-Erickson EK, Bouton M, Raval M, Totzauer J, Mallik S, Alberto N. Urinary concentrations of ADAM 12 from breast cancer patients pre- and post-surgery vs. cancer-free controls: a clinical study for biomarker validation. J Negat Results Biomed 2014; 13:5. [PMID: 24690292 PMCID: PMC3977887 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5751-13-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ADAMs (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases) are a family of multi-domain, zinc-dependent metalloproteinase enzymes. ADAM 12 has been previously associated with the onset and progression of breast cancer, and elevated levels of ADAM 12 have been previously found in the urine of breast cancer patients. Aims of the current study are: 1) establish the viability of urinary ADAM 12 as a diagnostic marker for breast cancer, and 2) explore the effects of surgical tumor removal on the levels of urinary ADAM 12. Methods A total of 96 patients have been recruited for this study, including 50 patients diagnosed with cancer, and 46 age-matched controls. Commercially available ELISA kits for ADAM 12 were used to quantify the presence and concentration of this enzyme in the urine from cancer patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer (IBC) both prior to any treatment and approximately two weeks following surgery, as well as from controls. Results We find no statistically significant differences between the concentrations of ADAM 12 in the urine of breast cancer patients prior to treatment and that of their age-matched controls; however the concentration of ADAM 12, both alone and as a function of urine total protein, are significantly elevated following surgery (p < 0.0001). Patients who underwent a mastectomy have significantly higher urinary ADAM 12 concentrations than those who underwent a lumpectomy (significant at p = 0.0271). Conclusions These findings suggest that urinary ADAM 12 may not correlate directly with the status and stage of breast cancer as previously thought; rather these increases may be a result of tissue injury and inflammation from biopsy and surgical resection. Results of this study may suggest a need for biomarkers to be evaluated carefully in the context of tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Neville Alberto
- Roger Maris Cancer Center, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND 58122, USA.
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Emonard H, Théret L, Bennasroune AH, Dedieu S. Regulation of LRP-1 expression: make the point. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:84-90. [PMID: 24661974 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is a membrane receptor displaying both scavenging and signaling functions. The wide variety of extracellular ligands and of cytoplasmic scaffolding and signaling proteins interacting with LRP-1 gives it a major role not only in physiological processes, such as embryogenesis and development, but also in critical pathological situations, including cancer and neurological disorders. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved at distinct levels in the regulation of LRP-1, from its expression to the proper location and stability at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Emonard
- UMR CNRS 7369, unité MEDyC (matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire), université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UFR sciences exactes et naturelles, campus Moulin-de-la-Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
| | - L Théret
- UMR CNRS 7369, unité MEDyC (matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire), université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UFR sciences exactes et naturelles, campus Moulin-de-la-Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
| | - A H Bennasroune
- UMR CNRS 7369, unité MEDyC (matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire), université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UFR sciences exactes et naturelles, campus Moulin-de-la-Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
| | - S Dedieu
- UMR CNRS 7369, unité MEDyC (matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire), université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UFR sciences exactes et naturelles, campus Moulin-de-la-Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France.
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Yamamoto K, Owen K, Parker AE, Scilabra SD, Dudhia J, Strickland DK, Troeberg L, Nagase H. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-mediated endocytic clearance of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4): functional differences of non-catalytic domains of ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 in LRP1 binding. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6462-6474. [PMID: 24474687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.545376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of the cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan is an early event in the development of osteoarthritis, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) and ADAMTS-5 are considered to be the major aggrecan-degrading enzymes. We have recently found that ADAMTS-5 is rapidly endocytosed via low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and degraded by chondrocytes. Here we report that this regulatory mechanism also applies to ADAMTS-4, although its rate of endocytosis is slower than that of ADAMTS-5. Domain deletion mutagenesis of ADAMTS-4 identified that the cysteine-rich and spacer domains are responsible for binding to LRP1, whereas the thrombospondin 1 and spacer domains are responsible in ADAMTS-5. The estimated t½ value of ADAMTS-4 endocytosis was about 220 min, whereas that of ADAMTS-5 was 100 min. The difference in half-lives between the two enzymes is explained by the 13-fold lower affinity of ADAMTS-4 for LRP1 compared with that of ADAMTS-5. Studies using soluble ligand binding clusters of LRP1 showed that ADAMTS-4 binds to clusters II and IV with similar KD,app values of 98 and 73 nm, respectively, whereas ADAMTS-5 binds to cluster II, III, and IV with KD,app values of 3.5, 41, and 9 nm, respectively. Thus, ADAMTS-5 competitively inhibits ADAMTS-4 endocytosis but not vice versa. This study highlights that the affinity between a ligand and LRP1 dictates the rate of internalization and suggests that LRP1 is a major traffic controller of the two aggrecanases, especially under inflammatory conditions, where the protein levels of ADAMTS-4 increase, but those of ADAMTS-5 do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
| | - Kathryn Owen
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E Parker
- Respiratory and Inflammation Department, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, United Kingdom
| | - Simone D Scilabra
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom
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Baranger K, Rivera S, Liechti FD, Grandgirard D, Bigas J, Seco J, Tarrago T, Leib SL, Khrestchatisky M. Endogenous and synthetic MMP inhibitors in CNS physiopathology. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 214:313-51. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63486-3.00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Berezin V, Walmod PS, Filippov M, Dityatev A. Targeting of ECM molecules and their metabolizing enzymes and receptors for the treatment of CNS diseases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 214:353-88. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63486-3.00015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hentschke MR, Poli-de-Figueiredo CE, da Costa BEP, Kurlak LO, Williams PJ, Mistry HD. Is the atherosclerotic phenotype of preeclamptic placentas due to altered lipoprotein concentrations and placental lipoprotein receptors? Role of a small-for-gestational-age phenotype. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2658-64. [PMID: 23898049 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m036699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosis of spiral arteries in uteroplacental beds from preeclamptic women resemble those of atherosclerosis, characterized by increased plasma lipids and lipoproteins. We hypothesized that: 1) lipoprotein receptors/transporters in the placenta would be upregulated in preeclampsia, associated with increased maternal and fetal lipoprotein concentrations; and 2) expression of these would be reduced in preeclamptic placentae from women delivering small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. Placental biopsies and maternal and umbilical serum samples were taken from 27 normotensive and 24 preeclamptic women. Maternal/umbilical cord serum LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. Placental mRNA expression of lipoprotein receptors/transporters were quantified using quantitative RT-PCR. Protein localization/expression of LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) in the preeclamptic placentae with/without SGA was measured by immunohistochemistry. Placental mRNA expression of all genes except paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), and protein disulfide isomerase family A member 2 (PDIA2) were observed. No differences for any lipoprotein receptors/transporters were found between groups; however, in the preeclamptic group placental LRP-1 expression was lower in SGA delivering mothers (n = 7; P = 0.036). LRP-1 protein was localized around fetal vessels and Hofbauer cells. This is the first detailed study of maternal/fetal lipoprotein concentrations and placental lipoprotein receptor mRNA expression in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies. These findings do not support a role of altered lipid metabolism in preeclampsia, but may be involved in fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta R Hentschke
- Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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