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Polat M, Akçay A, Önal B, Öztürk N, Şahin EA, Demirdağ TB, Tapisiz A. CONCURRENT KLEBSIELLA BACTEREMIA IN TWO INFANTS WITH SEVERE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024:00006454-990000000-00901. [PMID: 38900058 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. In most previously healthy infants, RSV infection is self-limited and resolves without complications. The risk of bacteremia is low in young febrile infants with RSV infection. Herein, we report two previously healthy infants with severe RSV infection who had concurrent Klebsiella bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Polat
- From the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Akçay
- Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Önal
- Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihan Öztürk
- Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Ayca Şahin
- Department of Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Bedir Demirdağ
- From the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anil Tapisiz
- From the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Song R, He S, Wu Y, Tan S. Pyroptosis in sepsis induced organ dysfunction. Curr Res Transl Med 2024; 72:103419. [PMID: 38246070 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
As an uncontrolled inflammatory response to infection, sepsis and sepsis induced organ dysfunction are great threats to the lives of septic patients. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of sepsis is complex and multifactorial, which still needs to be elucidated. Pyroptosis is a newly discovered atypical form of inflammatory programmed cell death, which depends on the Caspase-1 dependent classical pathway or the non-classical Caspase-11 (mouse) or Caspase-4/5 (human) dependent pathway. Many studies have shown that pyroptosis is related to sepsis. The Gasdermin proteins are the key molecules in the membrane pores formation in pyroptosis. After cut by inflammatory caspase, the Gasdermin N-terminal fragments with perforation activity are released to cause pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of sepsis induced organ dysfunction. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis, the key role of pyroptosis in sepsis and sepsis induced organ dysfunction, with the aim to bring new diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets to improve sepsis clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Shijun He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongbin Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sipin Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang F, Li Y, Fan N, Zhao K, Zhang A, Kang J, Lin Y, Xue X, Jiang X. Blockade of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by Astragaloside IV attenuates ulcerative colitis via improving the intestinal epithelial barrier. J Transl Med 2024; 22:406. [PMID: 38689349 PMCID: PMC11061986 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05168-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific pathogenesis of UC is still unclear, but it has been clear that defects in intestinal barrier function play an important role in it. There is a temporary lack of specific drugs for clinical treatment. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the main active ingredients extracted from Astragalus root and is a common Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to determine whether AS-IV has therapeutic value for DSS or LPS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in vivo and in vitro and its potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS The intestinal tissues from UC patients and colitis mice were collected, intestinal inflammation was observed by colonoscopy, and mucosal barrier function was measured by immunofluorescence staining. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activator YS-49 and inhibitor LY-29 were administered to colitic mice to uncover the effect of this pathway on gut mucosal barrier modulation. Then, network pharmacology was used to screen Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a core active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus. The potential of AS-IV for intestinal barrier function repairment and UC treatment through blockade of the PI3K/AKT pathway was further confirmed by histopathological staining, FITC-dextran, transmission electron microscopy, ELISA, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. Finally, 16 S rRNA sequencing was performed to uncover whether AS-IV can ameliorate UC by regulating gut microbiota homeostasis. RESULTS Mucosal barrier function was significantly damaged in UC patients and murine colitis, and the activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was extensively involved. Both in vivo and vitro showed that the AS-IV-treated group significantly relieved inflammation and improved intestinal epithelial permeability by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, microbiome data found that gut microbiota participates in AS-IV-mediated intestinal barrier recovery as well. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that AS-IV exerts a protective effect on the integrality of the mucosal barrier in UC based on the PI3K/AKT pathway, and AS-IV may serve as a novel AKT inhibitor to provide a potential therapy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang 'a District, 710119, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Medical College, Yan'an University, 580 ShengDi Road, Baota District, 716099, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang 'a District, 710119, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Fan
- Medical College, Yan'an University, 580 ShengDi Road, Baota District, 716099, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang 'a District, 710119, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agriculture University, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Anding Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiefang Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang 'a District, 710119, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang 'a District, 710119, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Ma L, Zhu Y, Zhu La ALT, Lourenco JM, Callaway TR, Bu D. Schizochytrium sp. and lactoferrin supplementation alleviates Escherichia coli K99-induced diarrhea in preweaning dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1603-1619. [PMID: 37769949 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Calf diarrhea, a common disease mainly induced by Escherichia coli infection, is one of the main reasons for nonpredator losses. Hence, an effective nonantibacterial approach to prevent calf diarrhea has become an emerging requirement. This study evaluated the microalgae Schizochytrium sp. (SZ) and lactoferrin (LF) as a nutrient intervention approach against E. coli O101:K99-induced preweaning calve diarrhea. Fifty 1-d-old male Holstein calves were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10): (1) control, (2) blank (no supplement or challenge), (3) 1 g/d LF, (4) 20 g/d SZ, or (5) 1 g/d LF plus 20 g/d SZ (LFSZ). The experimental period lasted 14 d. On the morning of d 7, calves were challenged with 1 × 1011 cfu of E. coli O101:K99, and rectum feces were collected on 3, 12, 24, and 168 h postchallenge for the control, LF, SZ, and LFSZ groups. The rectal feces of the blank group were collected on d 14. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute Inc.). The E. coli K99 challenge decreased the average daily gain (ADG) and increased feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) and diarrhea frequency (control vs. blank). Compared with the control group, the LFSZ group had a higher ADG and lower F:G, and the LFSZ and SZ groups had lower diarrhea frequency compared with the control group. In addition, the LFSZ and SZ groups have no differences in diarrhea frequency compared with the blank group. Compared with the control group, the blank group had lower serum nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1, d-lactic acid (D-LA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations, as well as serum IgG, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels on d 7 and 14. On d 7, compared with the control group, all treatment groups had lower serum NO level, the SZ group had a lower serum D-LA concentration, and the LF and LFSZ groups had lower serum LPS concentration. On d 14, compared with the control group, the fecal microbiota of the blank group had lower Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and ACE indexes, the LFSZ group had lower Shannon and Simpson indexes, the SZ and LFSZ groups had a higher Chao1 index, and all treatment groups had a higher ACE index. In fecal microbiota, Bifidobacterium and Actinobacteria were negatively associated with IL-10 and d-lactate, while Akkermansia was negatively associated with endothelin-1 and positively correlated with LPS, fecal scores, and d-lactate levels. Our results indicated that LF and SZ supplements could alleviate E. coli O101:K99-induced calf diarrhea individually or in combination. Supplementing 1 g/d LF and 20 g/d SZ could be a potential nutrient intervention approach to prevent bacterial diarrhea in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingkun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A La Teng Zhu La
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - J M Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - T R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wang G, Ma F, Xie K, Li X, Tan X, Xia Y, Wang Y, Dong J. Liensinine alleviates mouse intestinal injury induced by sepsis through inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111335. [PMID: 38101222 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome triggered by an imbalanced host response to pathogens that can lead to multiple organ dysfunction. The immune response and barrier function of the gut play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of sepsis. This study aimed to explore the potential role of natural alkaloid Liensinine in the treatment of intestinal injury caused by sepsis and its possible molecular mechanism. In this study, a mouse model of sepsis was established by injecting LPS to explore the protective effect of Liensinine on intestinal injury in sepsis. The results showed that Liensinine could reduce the intestinal damage caused by LPS and increase the number of goblet cells. Furthermore, it decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-kB phosphorylation and NLRP3 inflammasome synthesis. Liensinine also reduced the oxidative stress and ROS accumulation caused by LPS, and played an anti-oxidative stress role by regulating the Nrf2/keap1 signaling pathway. In addition, Liensinine alleviated the inhibition of intestinal autophagy caused by LPS by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. And then it reduced the excessive apoptosis of intestinal cells. This study provides valuable insights for sepsis prevention and treatment, offering a potential therapeutic candidate to protect against intestinal injury and regulate the inflammatory response in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Kunmei Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xuelian Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222000, China.
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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Xu H, You J, He W, Pei L, Han Y, Wang X, Tian Z, Zheng X, Wu E, Ling Y. Dynamic changes in the migratory microbial components of colon tissue during different periods of sepsis in an LPS-induced rat model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1330087. [PMID: 38287976 PMCID: PMC10822926 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1330087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that bacterial translocation may play an important role in worsening gastrointestinal injury during sepsis. However, the dynamics of specific microbiota components in intestinal tissues at different sepsis stages remain unclear. Rats receiving intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were sacrificed at 12 h and 48 h post-injection. Routine blood, serum cytokines, and microbiota in colon tissue, colonic contents, and lung tissue at different time points were assessed. Migratory microbial components in colonic tissue at 12 h and 48 h post-LPS were identified using source tracking, characteristic component identification, and abundance difference analyses. Colonic tissue microbiota changed dynamically over time after LPS injection, involving translocation of microbial components from colon contents and lung tissue at different time points. Bacteria migrating to colon tissue at 12 h sepsis were mainly from colonic contents, while those at 48 h were predominantly from the lung tissue. The migratory microbial components in colon tissue were widely associated with blood indicators and colonizing genus abundance and microbiota functionality in colon tissue. In this study, the temporal dynamics of bacterial translocation from various sources into colon tissues at different sepsis progression stages were characterized for the first time, and the species composition of these migrating microbes was delineated. These bacterial migrants may contribute to the pathophysiological processes in sepsis through direct interactions or indirectly by modulating colonic microbiota community structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqin He
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lingpeng Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xueer Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiwei Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Enqi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Yang T, Xie S, Cao L, Li M, Ding L, Wang L, Pang S, Wang Z, Geng L. ASTRAGALOSIDE Ⅳ MODULATES GUT MACROPHAGES M1/M2 POLARIZATION BY RESHAPING GUT MICROBIOTA AND SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN SEPSIS. Shock 2024; 61:120-131. [PMID: 37962207 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT M1 macrophage-mediated inflammation is critical in sepsis. We previously found the protective role of astragaloside intravenous (AS-IV) in sepsis-associated gut impairment, whose specific mechanism remains unknown. Gut microbiota modulates gut homeostatic balance to avoid excessive inflammation. Here, we aimed to investigate effects of AS-IV on gut macrophages polarization and potential roles of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in septic gut damage. Mice were pretreated by AS-IV gavage for 7 days before cecal ligation and puncture. M1 polarization of gut lamina propria macrophages (LpMs) was promoted by cecal ligation and puncture, accompanied by abnormal cytokines release and intestinal barrier dysfunction. NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in M1 LpMs. 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated gut microbiota imbalance. The levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in fecal samples decreased. Notably, AS-IV reversed LpMs M1/M2 polarization, lightened gut inflammation and barrier injury, reduced NLRP3 inflammasome expression in LpMs, restored the diversity of gut microbiome, and increased butyrate levels. Similarly, these benefits were mimicked by fecal microbiota transplantation or exogenous butyrate supplementation. In Caco-2 and THP-1 cocultured model, LPS and interferon γ caused THP-1 M1 polarization, Caco-2 barrier impairment, abnormal cytokines release, and high NLRP3 inflammasome expression in THP-1 cells, all of which were mitigated by butyrate administration. However, these protective effects of butyrate were abrogated by NLRP3 gene overexpression in THP-1. In conclusion, AS-IV can ameliorate sepsis-induced gut inflammation and barrier dysfunction by modulating M1/M2 polarization of gut macrophages, whose underlying mechanism may be restoring gut microbiome and SCFA to restrain NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuhua Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Man Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenyue Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Licheng Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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Chen L, Chu H, Hu L, Li Z, Yang L, Hou X. The role of NADPH oxidase 1 in alcohol-induced oxidative stress injury of intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2345-2364. [PMID: 35639301 PMCID: PMC10547661 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in intestinal barrier injury. However, the mechanism of ROS accumulation in enterocytes needs to be explored further. In our study, we found that chronic-binge ethanol-fed mice had increased levels of gut oxidative stress and high intestinal permeability. The transcription profiles of the colonic epithelial cells showed that the level of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) was significantly elevated in alcohol-exposed mice compared with isocaloric-exposed mice. In vitro, NOX1 silencing alleviated ROS accumulation and the apoptosis of human colonic epithelial cells (NCM460), while NOX1 overexpression accelerated oxidative stress injury of NCM460 cells. Propionic acid was reduced in the gut of chronic-binge ethanol-fed mice, compared with isocaloric-fed mice, as observed through untargeted metabolomic analysis. Supplementation with propionate relieved ethanol-induced liver and intestinal barrier injuries and reduced the level of ROS accumulation and apoptosis of ethanol-induced colonic epithelial cells. Propionate alleviating NOX1 induced ROS injury of colonic epithelial cells, independent of G protein-coupled receptors. Propionate significantly inhibited histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) expressions both in ethanol-exposed colonic epithelial cells and TNF-α-treated NCM460. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that propionate suppressed the NOX1 expression by regulating histone acetylation in the gene promoter region. In conclusion, NOX1 induces oxidative stress injury of colonic epithelial cells in alcohol-related liver disease. Propionate, which can act as an endogenous HDAC2 inhibitor, can decrease levels of apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lilin Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhonglin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Xie L, Xing Y, Yang J, Liu M, Cai Y. Toxoplasma gondii Reactivation Aggravating Cardiac Function Impairment in Mice. Pathogens 2023; 12:1025. [PMID: 37623985 PMCID: PMC10458591 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) reactivation is common, especially among immunocompromised individuals, such as AIDS patients. The cardiac involvement associated with toxoplasmosis, however, is usually obscured by neurological deterioration. The aim of this study was to observe the alterations in cardiac functions in various landmark periods after infection and to assess whether reactivation more seriously damages the heart. METHODS We established three infection models in mice using TgCtwh6, a major strain of T. gondii prevalent in China. The groups included an acute group, chronic latent group, and reactivation group. We evaluated the cardiac function impairment via H & E staining, Masson staining, echocardiography, myocardial enzyme profiles, and cardiac troponin, and detected the expression of inflammatory factors and antioxidant factors with Western blotting. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of the macrophage marker F4/80. RESULTS Our results showed that damage to the heart occurred in the acute and reactivation groups. Impaired cardiac function manifested as a decrease in heart rate and a compensatory increase in left ventricular systolic function. Serum levels of cardiac enzymes also increased dramatically. In the chronic phase, myocardial fibrosis developed, diastolic functions became severely impaired, inflammation persisted, and macrophage expression was slightly reduced. Ultimately, reactivation infection exacerbated damage to cardiac function in mice, potentially leading to diastolic heart failure. Macrophages were strongly activated, and myocardial fibrosis was increased. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the heart was severely affected by the infection. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggested that the reactivation of T. gondii infection could aggravate injury to the heart, which could be associated with a host-cell-mediated immune response and strong cytokine production by macrophages, thus representing a novel insight into the pathogenic mechanism of toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linding Xie
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yien Xing
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yihong Cai
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, the Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Anhui, and the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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10
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Ning W, Gao G, Zhou Y, Li WQ, Yang HH, Duan XB, Li X, Gong YB, Li D, Guo R. Calcitonin gene-related peptide ameliorates sepsis-induced intestinal injury by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109747. [PMID: 36706592 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal damage has long been viewed as the primary cause of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Previous studies have demonstrated that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) exhibits anti-inflammatory and protective effects in mice exposed to endotoxin. This study investigated whether CGRP protects against sepsis-induced intestinal damage and its underlying mechanisms. Using a murine caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, we observed elevated serum and intestinal CGRP levels in septic mice. CGRP knockout (KO) mice showed more severe intestinal barrier damage, excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation and higher levels of inflammation. In vitro, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in MODE-K murine intestinal epithelial cells. CGRP inhibited NF-κB pathway activation; prevented ASC assembly and ROS accumulation; significantly decreased NLRP3, Caspase-1 p10, and IL-1β levels and LDH release; and increased cell viability. Treatment with an IL-1β inhibitor or CGRP suppressed p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 pathway activation and increased ZO-1 and Occludin protein levels in LPS+ATP-treated MODE-K cells. Finally, we used the CGRP upstream agonist drug rutaecarpine (RUT) to control endogenous CGRP release in mice, and this drug demonstrated good therapeutic effects on septic intestinal injury. In conclusion, our results suggest that CGRP ameliorates sepsis-induced intestinal damage, providing valuable insights for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ning
- Laboratory Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Laboratory Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wen-Qun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiang-Bing Duan
- Laboratory Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xin Li
- Laboratory Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yi-Bo Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Dai Li
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China.
| | - Ren Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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11
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Zhao M, Wu J, Xu J, Li A, Mei Y, Ge X, Yin G, Liu X, Wei L, Xu Q. Association of environmental exposure to chromium with differential DNA methylation: An epigenome-wide study. Front Genet 2023; 13:1043486. [PMID: 36685967 PMCID: PMC9845398 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1043486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have reported that chromium (Cr)-induced epigenetic alterations and DNA methylation play a vital role in the pathogenesis of diseases induced by chromium exposure. Epigenomic analyses have been limited and mainly focused on occupational chromium exposure; their findings are not generalizable to populations with environmental Cr exposure. Methods: We identified the differential methylation of genes and regions to elucidate the mechanisms of toxicity related to environmental chromium exposure. DNA methylation was measured in blood samples collected from individuals in Cr-contaminated (n = 10) and unexposed areas (n = 10) by using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation850K array. To evaluate the relationship between chromium levels in urine and CpG methylation at 850 thousand sites, we investigated differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by using linear models and DMRcate method, respectively. The model was adjusted for biologically relevant variables and estimated cell-type compositions. Results: At the epigenome-wide level, we identified five CpGs [cg20690919 (p FDR =0.006), cg00704664 (p FDR =0.024), cg10809143 (p FDR =0.043), cg27057652 (p FDR =0.047), cg05390480 (p FDR =0.024)] and one DMR (chr17: 19,648,718-19,648,972), annotated to ALDH3A1 genes (p < 0.05) as being significantly associated with log2 transformed urinary chromium levels. Discussion: Environmental chromium exposure is associated with DNA methylation, and the significant DMPs and DMR being annotated to cause DNA damage and genomic instability were found in this work. Research involving larger samples is required to further explore the epigenetic effect of environmental chromium exposure on health outcomes through DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guohuan Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Lanping Wei
- Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Qun Xu,
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12
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Zanza C, Facelli V, Romenskaya T, Bottinelli M, Caputo G, Piccioni A, Franceschi F, Saviano A, Ojetti V, Savioli G, Longhitano Y. Lactic Acidosis Related to Pharmacotherapy and Human Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121496. [PMID: 36558947 PMCID: PMC9787936 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acidosis represents one of the most common conditions that can compromise the health of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, increasing the mortality of patients with high levels of Lactate who do not receive a proper treatment within the first 6 h of hospitalization. There are two enantiomers of lactic acid: L-lactic acid (when the concentration increases, it can lead to a state of severe acidemia risking cardiovascular collapse, causing an increase in mortality in ICU patients) and D lactic acid (produced in the human organism by microbiota and its production increases during some pathological status). Generally, increased levels of serum lactic acid could be due to numerous factors, including hypoxia (caused for example by septic/cardiogenic/hypovolemic or obstructive shock), specific pathologies (e.g., liver disease), use of some drugs (e.g., metformin), presence of toxins, and trauma. Since the underlying cause could be fatal for the ICU patient, it is important to understand the root of this clinical status with a view to correct it and prevent the risk of a poor clinical outcome. Prevention and early treatment are the keys to control the negative clinical consequences. The aim of this review is to revise the scientific literature for further confirmation about the importance of early identification of acidotic statuses and to underline how an early diagnosis can prevent the worst clinical outcome, especially for ICU patients who are more fragile compared to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zanza
- Foundation “Ospedale Alba-Bra Onlus,” Department of Emergency Medicine, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Michele and Pietro Ferrero Hospital,12060 Verduno, Italy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-334-326-1277
| | - Valentina Facelli
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera “SS Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Tastiana Romenskaya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bottinelli
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera “SS Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giorgia Caputo
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera “SS Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Saviano
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Savioli
- Emergency Department, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- PhD School in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Yaroslava Longhitano
- Foundation “Ospedale Alba-Bra Onlus,” Department of Emergency Medicine, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Michele and Pietro Ferrero Hospital,12060 Verduno, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera “SS Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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13
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Huang Z, Huang Y, Chen J, Tang Z, Chen Y, Liu H, Huang M, Qing L, Li L, Wang Q, Jia B. The role and therapeutic potential of gut microbiome in severe burn. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:974259. [DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.974259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe burn is a serious acute trauma that can lead to significant complications such as sepsis, multiple organ failure, and high mortality worldwide. The gut microbiome, the largest microbial reservoir in the human body, plays a significant role in this pathogenic process. Intestinal dysbiosis and disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier are common after severe burn, leading to bacterial translocation to the bloodstream and other organs of the body, which is associated with many subsequent severe complications. The progression of some intestinal diseases can be improved by modulating the composition of gut microbiota and the levels of its metabolites, which also provides a promising direction for post-burn treatment. In this article, we summarised the studies describing changes in the gut microbiome after severe burn, as well as changes in the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Additionally, we presented the potential and challenges of microbial therapy, which may provide microbial therapy strategies for severe burn.
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14
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Klingensmith NJ, Fay KT, Swift DA, Bazzano JM, Lyons JD, Chen CW, Meng M, Ramonell KM, Liang Z, Burd EM, Parkos CA, Ford ML, Coopersmith CM. Junctional adhesion molecule-A deletion increases phagocytosis and improves survival in a murine model of sepsis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156255. [PMID: 35819838 PMCID: PMC9462501 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the tight junction–associated protein junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is increased in sepsis, although the significance of this is unknown. Here, we show that septic JAM-A –/– mice have increased gut permeability, yet paradoxically have decreased bacteremia and systemic TNF and IL-1β expression. Survival is improved in JAM-A–/– mice. However, intestine-specific JAM-A–/– deletion does not alter mortality, suggesting that the mortality benefit conferred in mice lacking JAM-A is independent of the intestine. Septic JAM-A–/– mice have increased numbers of splenic CD44hiCD4+ T cells, decreased frequency of TNF+CD4+ cells, and elevated frequency of IL-2+CD4+ cells. Septic JAM-A–/– mice have increased numbers of B cells in mesenteric lymph nodes with elevated serum IgA and intraepithelial lymphocyte IgA production. JAM-A–/– × RAG–/– mice have improved survival compared with RAG–/– mice and identical mortality as WT mice. Gut neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil phagocytosis are increased in JAM-A–/– mice, while septic JAM-A–/– mice depleted of neutrophils lose their survival advantage. Therefore, increased bacterial clearance via neutrophils and an altered systemic inflammatory response with increased opsonizing IgA produced through the adaptive immune system results in improved survival in septic JAM-A–/– mice. JAM-A may be a therapeutic target in sepsis via immune mechanisms not related to its role in permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Klingensmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Katherine T Fay
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - David A Swift
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Julia Mr Bazzano
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - John D Lyons
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Mei Meng
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Kimberly M Ramonell
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Eileen M Burd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
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15
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Liu X, Zhu H. Curcumin Improved Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity by Up-Regulating ZO-1/Occludin/Claudin-1 in Septic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2884522. [PMID: 35711494 PMCID: PMC9197639 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2884522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of curcumin on intestinal barrier function in rats with enterogenic sepsis. Methods Rats were divided into Sham group (Sham), Model group (Model), low-dose curcumin group (100 mg/kg), and high-dose curcumin group (200 mg/kg), with 10 rats in each group. Sepsis model was established in model group, low-dose curcumin group, and high-dose curcumin group. After drug intervention, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of small intestine in each group. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum and intestinal tissues of rats were determined by ELISA. The expression of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in ileum was detected by QRT-PCR and Western blot. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of ERK/JNK signaling pathway, NF-κB p65, apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3, and TNF-α in rat intestinal tissues. Results HE staining showed that curcumin treatment reduced epithelial cell shedding, interstitial edema, and apoptosis. Compared with model group, DAO activity, serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expression in curcumin group were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin can upregulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in ileum of CLP-induced rats. In addition, curcumin inhibits NF-κB p65 activation and apoptosis by regulating ERK/JNK signaling pathway. Conclusion Curcumin can reduce inflammatory response and upregulate the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in rats with enterogenic sepsis, and protect intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongquan Zhu
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China
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16
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Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062995. [PMID: 35328419 PMCID: PMC8951934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The published literature makes a very strong case that a wide range of disease morbidity associates with and may in part be due to epithelial barrier leak. An equally large body of published literature substantiates that a diverse group of micronutrients can reduce barrier leak across a wide array of epithelial tissue types, stemming from both cell culture as well as animal and human tissue models. Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these micronutrients can induce cell- and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now exists in critical care—but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general—to consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics in a variety of disease management. This consideration is particularly pointed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
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17
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Najarro KM, Boe DM, Walrath TM, Mullen JE, Paul MT, Frankel JH, Hulsebus HJ, Idrovo JP, McMahan RH, Kovacs EJ. Advanced age exacerbates intestinal epithelial permeability after burn injury in mice. Exp Gerontol 2022; 158:111654. [PMID: 34915110 PMCID: PMC9188353 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced age is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality after burn injury. Following burn, the intestines can become permeable leading to the leakage of bacteria and their products from the lumen of the ileum to the portal and systemic circulation. Here, we sought to determine the effects of advanced age on intestinal permeability post burn injury and assess intestinal inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS Young (4-5 months) and aged (18-22 months) female BALB/cBy mice were subjected to a 12-15% total body surface area (TBSA) sham or burn injury. 24 h after injury, mice were euthanized, and organs collected. Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted from plated mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Gene expression of ileal tight junctional proteins, occludin and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), in addition to ileal damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) proteins, S100A8 and S100A9, as well as ileal inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by qPCR. Intestinal cell death was measured by ELISA. Intestinal permeability was determined by FITC fluorescence in serum; 4kD FITC-dextran was given by oral gavage 3 h before euthanasia. RESULTS Aged mice subjected to burn injury had increased intestinal permeability as evidenced by a 5.8-fold higher level of FITC-dextran in their serum when compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, aged burn-injured mice exhibited heightened bacterial accumulation in the MLN with a 15.5-fold increase over all other groups (p < 0.05). Histology of ileum failed to show differences in villus length among all groups. Analysis of ileal tight junctional proteins and inflammatory marker gene expression revealed no difference in Ocln, Tjp1, Il6, or Tnf expression among all groups, but 2.3 and 2.9-fold upregulation of S100a8 and S100a9, respectively, in aged burn-injured mice relative to both young groups and aged sham-injured mice (p < 0.05). Lastly, cell death in the ileum was elevated more than two-fold in aged burn-injured mice relative to young animals regardless of injury (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that advanced age exacerbates intestinal epithelial permeability after burn injury. Heightened apoptosis may be responsible for the elevated intestinal leakiness and accumulation of bacteria in mesenteric lymph nodes. In addition, S100a8/9 may serve as a biomarker of elevated inflammation within the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Najarro
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Devin M. Boe
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Travis M. Walrath
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Juliet E. Mullen
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Madison T. Paul
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - John H. Frankel
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Holly J. Hulsebus
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Juan-Pablo Idrovo
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Rachel H. McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America,GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,Corresponding author at: Department of Surgery, GITES, University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Ave, RC2, Mail Stop #8620, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America. (E.J. Kovacs)
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18
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Han HS, Kim SY, Shin JS, Lee HH, Chung KS, Rhee YK, Cho CW, Hong HD, Lee KT. Polysaccharide fraction isolated from the leaves of Hordeum vulgare L. protects against colonic inflammation of systemic immune responses. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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19
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Niu M, Chen P. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and sepsis. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab036. [PMID: 34712743 PMCID: PMC8547143 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an overwhelming inflammatory response to microbial infection. Sepsis management remains a clinical challenge. The role of the gut microbiome in sepsis has gained some attention. Recent evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota regulate host physiological homeostasis mediators, including the immune system, gut barrier function and disease susceptibility pathways. Therefore, maintenance or restoration of microbiota and metabolite composition might be a therapeutic or prophylactic target against critical illness. Fecal microbiota transplantation and supplementation of probiotics are microbiota-based treatment methods that are somewhat limited in terms of evidence-based efficacy. This review focuses on the importance of the crosstalk between the gastrointestinal ecosystem and sepsis to highlight novel microbiota-targeted therapies to improve the outcomes of sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Niu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Kaczmarczyk M, Löber U, Adamek K, Węgrzyn D, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Malinowski D, Łoniewski I, Markó L, Ulas T, Forslund SK, Łoniewska B. The gut microbiota is associated with the small intestinal paracellular permeability and the development of the immune system in healthy children during the first two years of life. J Transl Med 2021; 19:177. [PMID: 33910577 PMCID: PMC8082808 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal barrier plays an important role in the defense against infections, and nutritional, endocrine, and immune functions. The gut microbiota playing an important role in development of the gastrointestinal tract can impact intestinal permeability and immunity during early life, but data concerning this problem are scarce. METHODS We analyzed the microbiota in fecal samples (101 samples in total) collected longitudinally over 24 months from 21 newborns to investigate whether the markers of small intestinal paracellular permeability (zonulin) and immune system development (calprotectin) are linked to the gut microbiota. The results were validated using data from an independent cohort that included the calprotectin and gut microbiota in children during the first year of life. RESULTS Zonulin levels tended to increase for up to 6 months after childbirth and stabilize thereafter remaining at a high level while calprotectin concentration was high after childbirth and began to decline from 6 months of life. The gut microbiota composition and the related metabolic potentials changed during the first 2 years of life and were correlated with zonulin and calprotectin levels. Faecal calprotectin correlated inversely with alpha diversity (Shannon index, r = - 0.30, FDR P (Q) = 0.039). It also correlated with seven taxa; i.a. negatively with Ruminococcaceae (r = - 0.34, Q = 0.046), and Clostridiales (r = - 0.34, Q = 0.048) and positively with Staphylococcus (r = 0.38, Q = 0.023) and Staphylococcaceae (r = 0.35, Q = 0.04), whereas zonulin correlated with 19 taxa; i.a. with Bacillales (r = - 0.52, Q = 0.0004), Clostridiales (r = 0.48, Q = 0.001) and the Ruminococcus (torques group) (r = 0.40, Q = 0.026). When time intervals were considered only changes in abundance of the Ruminococcus (torques group) were associated with changes in calprotectin (β = 2.94, SE = 0.8, Q = 0.015). The dynamics of stool calprotectin was negatively associated with changes in two MetaCyc pathways: pyruvate fermentation to butanoate (β = - 4.54, SE = 1.08, Q = 0.028) and Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentation (β = - 4.48, SE = 1.16, Q = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS The small intestinal paracellular permeability, immune system-related markers and gut microbiota change dynamically during the first 2 years of life. The Ruminococcus (torques group) seems to be especially involved in controlling paracellular permeability. Staphylococcus, Staphylococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiales, may be potential biomarkers of the immune system. Despite observed correlations their clear causation and health consequences were not proven. Mechanistic studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ulrike Löber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolina Adamek
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Węgrzyn
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland.
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beata Łoniewska
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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Sandoval-Ramírez BA, Catalán Ú, Pedret A, Valls RM, Motilva MJ, Rubió L, Solà R. Exploring the effects of phenolic compounds to reduce intestinal damage and improve the intestinal barrier integrity: A systematic review of in vivo animal studies. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1719-1732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Impact of gastrointestinal tract variability on oral drug absorption and pharmacokinetics: An UNGAP review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105812. [PMID: 33753215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of oral drugs is frequently plagued by significant variability with potentially serious therapeutic consequences. The source of variability can be traced back to interindividual variability in physiology, differences in special populations (age- and disease-dependent), drug and formulation properties, or food-drug interactions. Clinical evidence for the impact of some of these factors on drug pharmacokinetic variability is mounting: e.g. gastric pH and emptying time, small intestinal fluid properties, differences in pediatrics and the elderly, and surgical changes in gastrointestinal anatomy. However, the link of colonic factors variability (transit time, fluid composition, microbiome), sex differences (male vs. female) and gut-related diseases (chronic constipation, anorexia and cachexia) to drug absorption variability has not been firmly established yet. At the same time, a way to decrease oral drug pharmacokinetic variability is provided by the pharmaceutical industry: clinical evidence suggests that formulation approaches employed during drug development can decrease the variability in oral exposure. This review outlines the main drivers of oral drug exposure variability and potential approaches to overcome them, while highlighting existing knowledge gaps and guiding future studies in this area.
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Analysis of gut microbiota and intestinal integrity markers of inpatients with major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110076. [PMID: 32827611 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported on the relationship between gut microbiota and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there remain gaps in literature concerning the role of the intestinal barrier and microflora in the pathogenesis of depression. This study analyzes the potential causative relationship between gut microbiota and inflammatory and gut integrity markers and clinical symptoms in inpatients with depressive episodes. Sixteen inpatients (50% females) being treated with escitalopram (5-20 mg daily) in standardized conditions were included in the study. The composition of fecal microbiota was evaluated at baseline and endpoint using 16S rRNA sequencing. A significant correlation between depression severity was found, as measured with HDRS24 (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 item), and the following abundance in bacteria: positive correlation with Paraprevotella (r = 0.80, q = 0.012), strong, negative correlations with Clostridiales (r = -0.70, q = 0.016), Clostridia (r = -0.71, q = 0.026), Firmicutes (r = -0.67. q = 0.032), and the RF32 order (r = -0.70, p = 0.016) in the Alphaproteobacteria (r = -0.66, q = 0.031). After six weeks of treatment, clinical outcomes were found to have a negative correlation with levels of plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) at the beginning of the study. Still they had a positive correlation with changes in fecal calprotectin during hospitalization. In conclusion, gut microbiota was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms. However, these findings do not serve as predictors of symptomatic improvement during antidepressant treatment in inpatient treatment for MDD. In turn, intestinal integrity and inflammation markers were associated with the response to treatment of patients with MDD and symptom severity. Additional studies are needed to confirm and extend these findings.
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Sertraline and Citalopram Actions on Gut Barrier Function. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3792-3802. [PMID: 33184794 PMCID: PMC8510962 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disruption of intestinal barrier is a key component to various diseases. Whether barrier dysfunction is the cause or effect in these situations is still unknown, although it is believed that translocation of luminal content may initiate gastrointestinal or systemic inflammatory disorders. Since trauma- or infection-driven epithelial permeability depends on Toll-like receptor (TLR) activity, inhibition of TLR signaling has been proposed as a strategy to protect intestinal barrier integrity after infection or other pathological conditions. Recently, selective serotonin recapture inhibitors including sertraline and citalopram were shown to inhibit TLR-3 activity, but the direct effects of these antidepressant drugs on the gut mucosa barrier remain largely unexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate this, two approaches were used: first, ex vivo studies were performed to evaluate sertraline and citalopram-driven changes in permeability in isolated intestinal tissue. Second, both compounds were tested for their preventive effects in a rat model of disrupted gut barrier, induced by a low protein (LP) diet. RESULTS Only sertraline was able to increase transepithelial electrical resistance in the rat colon both when used in an ex vivo (0.8 μg/mL, 180 min) or in vivo (30 mg/kg p.o., 20 days) fashion. However, citalopram (20 mg/kg p.o., 20 days), but not sertraline, prevented the increase in phospho-IRF3 protein, a marker of TLR-3 activation, in LP-rat ileum. Neither antidepressant affected locomotion, anxiety-like behaviours or stress-induced defecation. CONCLUSION Our data provides evidence to support the investigation of sertraline as therapeutic strategy to protect intestinal barrier function under life-threatening situations or chronic conditions associated with gut epithelial disruption.
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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis as a Target for Improved Post-Surgical Outcomes and Improved Patient Care: A Review of Current Literature. Shock 2020; 55:441-454. [PMID: 32881759 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Critical illness results in significant changes in the human gut microbiota, leading to the breakdown of the intestinal barrier function, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction. Patients with sepsis/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have a profoundly distorted intestinal microbiota rhythm, which plays a considerable role in the development of gut-derived infections and intestinal dysbiosis. Despite recent medical developments, postsurgical complications are associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Bacterial translocation, which is the movement of bacteria and bacterial products across the intestinal barrier, was shown to be a mechanism behind sepsis. Current research is focusing on a solution by addressing significant factors that contribute to intestinal dysbiosis, which subsequently leads to multiple organ failure and, thus, mortality. It may, however, be challenging to manipulate the microbiota in critically ill patients for enhanced therapeutic gain. Probiotic manipulation is advantageous for maintaining the gut-barrier defense and for modulating the immune response. Based on available published research, this review aims to address the application of potential strategies in the intensive care unit, supplemented with current therapeutics by the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant, to reduce post-surgical complications of sepsis/ARDS in critically ill patients.
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Łoniewska B, Adamek K, Węgrzyn D, Kaczmarczyk M, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Clark J, Adler G, Tousty J, Uzar I, Tousty P, Łoniewski I. Analysis of Faecal Zonulin and Calprotectin Concentrations in Healthy Children During the First Two Years of Life. An Observational Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030777. [PMID: 32178435 PMCID: PMC7141325 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors affecting the intestinal-barrier permeability of newborns, such as body mass index (BMI), nutrition and antibiotics, are assumed to affect intestinal-barrier permeability in the first two years of life. This study assessed 100 healthy, full-term newborns to 24 months old. Faecal zonulin/calprotectin concentrations were measured at 1, 6, 12, 24 months as gut-permeability markers. Zonulin concentrations increased between 1 and 12 months (medians: 114.41, 223.7 ng/mL; respectively), whereas calprotectin concentrations decreased between one and six months (medians: 149. 29, 109.28 µg/mL); both then stabilized (24 months: 256.9 ng/mL zonulin; 59.5 µg/mL calprotectin). In individual children, high levels at one month gave high levels at older ages (correlations: calprotectin: between 1 and 6 or 12 months: correlation coefficient (R) = 0.33, statistical significance (p) = 0.0095; R = 0.28, p = 0.032; zonulin: between 1 and 24 months: R = 0.32; p = 0.022, respectively). Parameters which gave marker increases: antibiotics during pregnancy (calprotectin; six months: by 80%, p = 0.038; 12 months: by 48%, p = 0.028); vaginal birth (calprotectin: 6 months: by 140%, p = 0.005); and > 5.7 pregnancy-BMI increase (zonulin: 12 months: by 74%, p = 0.049). Conclusions: “Closure of the intestines” is spread over time and begins between the sixth and twelfth month of life. Antibiotic therapy, BMI increase > 5.7 during pregnancy and vaginal birth are associated with increased intestinal permeability during the first two years of life. Stool zonulin and calprotectin concentrations were much higher compared with previous measurements at older ages; clinical interpretation and validation are needed (no health associations found).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Łoniewska
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland; (K.A.); (D.W.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(91)-466-1375
| | - Karolina Adamek
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland; (K.A.); (D.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Dagmara Węgrzyn
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland; (K.A.); (D.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland; (M.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Jeremy Clark
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland; (M.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Grażyna Adler
- Department of Studies in Anthropogenetics and Biogerontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland;
| | - Joanna Tousty
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland; (K.A.); (D.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Izabela Uzar
- Department of General Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-230, Poland;
| | - Piotr Tousty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland;
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (I.Ł.)
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Fontán MP, Rodríguez-Carmona A, García-Naveiro R, Rosales M, Villaverde P, Valdés F. Peritonitis-Related Mortality in Patients Undergoing Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080502500311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis is a well-known cause of mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We carried out a retrospective study to disclose the clinical spectrum and risk profile of peritonitis-related mortality. We analyzed 693 episodes of infectious peritonitis suffered by 565 patients (follow-up 1149 patient-years). Death was the final outcome in 41 cases (5.9% of episodes), peritonitis being directly implicated in 15.2% of the global mortality and 68.5% of the infectious mortality observed. In 41.5% of patients with peritonitis-related mortality, the immediate cause of death was a cardiovascular event. Highest mortality rates corresponded to fungal (27.5%), enteric (19.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (15.2%) peritonitis. Multivariate analysis disclosed that the baseline risk of peritonitis-related mortality was significantly higher in female [relative risk (RR) 2.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24 – 4.09, p = 0.02], older (RR 1.10/year, CI 1.06 – 1.14, p < 0.0005), and malnourished patients (RR 2.51, CI 1.21 – 5.23, p = 0.01) with high serum C-reactive protein (s-CRP) levels (RR 4.04, CI 1.45 – 11.32, p = 0.008) and a low glomerular filtration rate (RR 0.75 per mL/minute, CI 0.64 – 0.87, p < 0.0005). Analysis of risk after a single episode of peritonitis and/or subanalysis restricted to peritonitis caused by more aggressive micro-organisms disclosed that overall comorbidity [odds ratio (OR) 1.21, CI 1.05 – 1.71, p = 0.005], depression (OR 2.35, CI 1.14 – 4.84, p = 0.02), and time on PD at the time of the event (OR 1.02/month, CI 1.00 – 1.03, p = 0.02) were other predictors of mortality. In summary, the etiologic agent is a definite marker of peritonitis-related mortality but gender, age, residual renal function, inflammation (s-CRP), malnutrition, and depression are other significant correlates of this outcome. Most of these risk factors are common to cardiovascular and peritonitis-related mortality, which may explain the high incidence of cardiovascular event as the immediate cause of death in patients with peritonitis-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Pérez Fontán
- Divisions of Nephrology, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Rosales
- Public Health, Hospital Juan Canalejo, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Idebenone Protects against Acute Murine Colitis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020484. [PMID: 31940911 PMCID: PMC7013829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key player of the inflammatory cascade responsible for the initiation of ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the short chain quinone idebenone is considered a potent antioxidant and a mitochondrial electron donor, emerging evidence suggests that idebenone also displays anti-inflammatory activity. This study evaluated the impact of idebenone in the widely used dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced mouse model of acute colitis. Acute colitis was induced in C57BL/6J mice via continuous exposure to 2.5% DSS over 7 days. Idebenone was co-administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. Idebenone significantly prevented body weight loss and improved the disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and histopathological score. Consistent with its reported antioxidant function, idebenone significantly reduced the colonic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and increased the expression of the redox factor NAD(P)H (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase quinone-1 (NQO-1) in DSS-exposed mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly increased expression of tight junction proteins, which protect and maintain paracellular intestinal permeability. In support of an anti-inflammatory activity, idebenone significantly attenuated the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue. These results suggest that idebenone could represent a promising therapeutic strategy to interfere with disease pathology in UC by simultaneously inducing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Kamel KS, Oh MS, Halperin ML. L-lactic acidosis: pathophysiology, classification, and causes; emphasis on biochemical and metabolic basis. Kidney Int 2020; 97:75-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Astragaloside IV attenuates sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via suppressing RhoA/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 78:106066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Xu J, Song J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang L, Sha Y, Sun B, You N, Tian X, Lin R, Wu Y. Jinzhi protects lipopolysaccharide-treated mice against mortality by repairing intestinal mucosal barrier damage and intestinal microecology. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109749. [PMID: 31846840 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal mucosal barrier damage is an important mechanism for the development of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. At present, there are no satisfactory and effective methods for the protection of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Jinzhi, the first fecal microbiota transplantation worldwide, is often used to treat critically ill patients; however, the specific mechanism involved in this process remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Jinzhi intervention on mice with sepsis induced through treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to simulate intestinal mucosal barrier function damage in sepsis; intervention was performed through the oral administration of Jinzhi. The effect of Jinzhi on LPS-induced sepsis was analyzed by comparing the vital signs and survival rate of mice under different treatments. Pathological staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to identify the effects of LPS or treatment with Jinzhi on the intestinal mucosal barrier in mice. The effect of LPS or treatment with Jinzhi on the intestinal flora was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing of ileal contents. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that treatment with LPS increased levels of inflammatory factors (interleukin-1α, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α), caspase-3, and caspase-8 in the serum and ileum, and destroyed the tight junction between epithelial cells. Intervention with Jinzhi reduced levels of serum LPS and tumor necrosis factor-α, and repaired the tight junction between epithelial cells. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that treatment with Jinzhi improved the diversity and physiological function of the intestinal flora. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Jinzhi may be a promising option for the treatment of sepsis caused by LPS, and emphasize that Jinzhi exerts a recovery effect on the imbalance of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Junyao Song
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yingxu Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yinyin Sha
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Na You
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xinbao Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ruizhu Lin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yongli Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Moron R, Galvez J, Colmenero M, Anderson P, Cabeza J, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME. The Importance of the Microbiome in Critically Ill Patients: Role of Nutrition. Nutrients 2019; 11:E3002. [PMID: 31817895 PMCID: PMC6950228 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients have an alteration in the microbiome in which it becomes a disease-promoting pathobiome. It is characterized by lower bacterial diversity, loss of commensal phyla, like Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and a domination of pathogens belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum. Although these alterations are multicausal, many of the treatments administered to these patients, like antibiotics, play a significant role. Critically ill patients also have a hyperpermeable gut barrier and dysregulation of the inflammatory response that favor the development of the pathobiome, translocation of pathogens, and facilitate the emergence of sepsis. In order to restore the homeostasis of the microbiome, several nutritional strategies have been evaluated with the aim to improve the management of critically ill patients. Importantly, enteral nutrition has proven to be more efficient in promoting the homeostasis of the gut microbiome compared to parenteral nutrition. Several nutritional therapies, including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are currently being used, showing variable results, possibly due to the unevenness of clinical trial conditions and the fact that the beneficial effects of probiotics are specific to particular species or even strains. Thus, it is of great importance to better understand the mechanisms by which nutrition and supplement therapies can heal the microbiome in critically ill patients in order to finally implement them in clinical practice with optimal safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Moron
- Servicio Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016-Granada, Spain; (R.M.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (P.A.); (M.E.R.-C.)
| | - Julio Galvez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (P.A.); (M.E.R.-C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBER-ehd, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Colmenero
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (P.A.); (M.E.R.-C.)
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitaro Clinico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Per Anderson
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (P.A.); (M.E.R.-C.)
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunologia, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - José Cabeza
- Servicio Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016-Granada, Spain; (R.M.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (P.A.); (M.E.R.-C.)
| | - Maria Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (P.A.); (M.E.R.-C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBER-ehd, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Hydrogen-Rich Saline Regulates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, Dysbiosis, and Bacterial Translocation in a Murine Model of Sepsis. Shock 2019; 50:640-647. [PMID: 29293174 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial translocation is a major cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in critical illness, and its management is an important therapeutic strategy. In this study, we focused on the key factors responsible for bacterial translocation including the intestinal microbiome and investigated the impact of molecular hydrogen therapy as a countermeasure against bacterial translocation in a murine model of sepsis. The experimental protocols were divided into the sham, saline treatment (control), and hydrogen treatment (H2) groups. In the H2 group, 15 mL/kg of hydrogen-rich saline (7 ppm) was gavaged daily for 7 days following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In the control group, normal saline was gavaged in the same way. In the results, the 7-day survival rate was significantly improved in the H2 group versus the control group (69% vs. 31%, P < 0.05). The incidence of bacterial translocation at 24 h after CLP as assessed by cultivation of mesenteric lymph nodes and blood was significantly decreased in the H2 group versus the control group. Administration of hydrogen-rich saline also prevented the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae and ameliorated intestinal hyperpermeability at 24 h after CLP. Intestinal tissue levels of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthases, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde at 6 h after CLP were down-regulated in the H2 group. These results suggest luminal administration of hydrogen-rich saline, which prevents intestinal dysbiosis, hyperpermeability, and bacterial translocation, could potentially be a new therapeutic strategy in critical illness.
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Bian X, Wu W, Yang L, Lv L, Wang Q, Li Y, Ye J, Fang D, Wu J, Jiang X, Shi D, Li L. Administration of Akkermansia muciniphila Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2259. [PMID: 31632373 PMCID: PMC6779789 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) develop as a result of complex interactions among genes, innate immunity and environmental factors, which are related to the gut microbiota. Multiple clinical and animal data have shown that Akkermansia muciniphila is associated with a healthy mucosa. However, its precise role in colitis is currently unknown. Our study aimed to determine its protective effects and underlying mechanisms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Twenty-four C57BL/6 male mice were administered A. muciniphila MucT or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) once daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Colitis was induced by drinking 2% DSS from days 0 to 6, followed by 2 days of drinking normal water. Mice were weighed daily and then sacrificed on day 8. We found that A. muciniphila improved DSS-induced colitis, which was evidenced by reduced weight loss, colon length shortening and histopathology scores and enhanced barrier function. Serum and tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (TNF-α, IL1α, IL6, IL12A, MIP-1A, G-CSF, and KC) decreased as a result of A. muciniphila administration. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences showed that A. muciniphila induced significant gut microbiota alterations. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated that pro-inflammatory cytokines and other injury factors were negatively associated with Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia, Ruminococcaceae, and Rikenellaceae, which were prominently abundant in A. muciniphila-treated mice. We confirmed that A. muciniphila treatment could ameliorate mucosal inflammation either via microbe-host interactions, which protect the gut barrier function and reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines, or by improving the microbial community. Our findings suggest that A. muciniphila may be a potential probiotic agent for ameliorating colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daiqiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianwan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ilaiwy A, Ten Have GAM, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, O'Neal SK, Berthiaume JM, Parry TL, Deutz NE, Willis MS. Identification of Metabolic Changes in Ileum, Jejunum, Skeletal Muscle, Liver, and Lung in a Continuous I.V. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Model of Sepsis Using Nontargeted Metabolomics Analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1797-1813. [PMID: 31439155 PMCID: PMC6723233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a multiorgan disease affecting the ileum and jejunum (small intestine), liver, skeletal muscle, and lung clinically. The specific metabolic changes in the ileum, jejunum, liver, skeletal muscle, and lung have not previously been investigated. Live Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from a patient, was given via i.v. catheter to pigs to induce severe sepsis. Eighteen hours later, ileum, jejunum, medial gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, liver, and lung were analyzed by nontargeted metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ileum and the liver demonstrated significant changes in metabolites involved in linoleic acid metabolism: the ileum and lung had significant changes in the metabolism of valine/leucine/isoleucine; the jejunum, skeletal muscle, and liver had significant changes in arginine/proline metabolism; and the skeletal muscle and lung had significant changes in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, as analyzed by pathway analysis. Pathway analysis also identified changes in metabolic pathways unique for different tissues, including changes in the citric acid cycle (jejunum), β-alanine metabolism (skeletal muscle), and purine metabolism (liver). These findings demonstrate both overlapping metabolic pathways affected in different tissues and those that are unique to others and provide insight into the metabolic changes in sepsis leading to organ dysfunction. This may allow therapeutic interventions that focus on multiple tissues or single tissues once the relationship of the altered metabolites/metabolism to the underlying pathogenesis of sepsis is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Ilaiwy
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sara K O'Neal
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jessica M Berthiaume
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Traci L Parry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nicolaas E Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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36
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Wang C, Li Q, Ren J. Microbiota-Immune Interaction in the Pathogenesis of Gut-Derived Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1873. [PMID: 31456801 PMCID: PMC6698791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-derived infection is among the most common complications in patients who underwent severe trauma, serious burn, major surgery, hemorrhagic shock or severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). It could cause sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), which are regarded as a leading cause of mortality in these cases. Gut-derived infection is commonly caused by pathological translocation of intestinal bacteria or endotoxins, resulting from the dysfunction of the gut barrier. In the last decades, the studies regarding to the pathogenesis of gut-derived infection mainly focused on the breakdown of intestinal epithelial tight junction and increased permeability. Limited information is available on the roles of intestinal microbial barrier in the development of gut-derived infection. Recently, advances of next-generation DNA sequencing techniques and its utilization has revolutionized the gut microecology, leading to novel views into the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its connections with multiple diseases. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in the research field of intestinal barrier disruption and gut-derived infection, mainly through the perspectives of the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and its interaction with intestinal mucosal immune cells. This review presents novel insights into how the gut microbiota collaborates with mucosal immune cells to involve the development of pathological bacterial translocation. The data might have important implication to better understand the mechanism underlying pathological bacterial translocation, contributing us to develop new strategies for prevention and treatment of gut-derived sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiurong Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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37
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He W, Wang Y, Wang P, Wang F. Intestinal barrier dysfunction in severe burn injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2019; 7:24. [PMID: 31372365 PMCID: PMC6659221 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-019-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe burn injury is often accompanied by intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is closely associated with post-burn shock, bacterial translocation, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, hypercatabolism, sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and other complications. The intestinal epithelium forms a physical barrier that separates the intestinal lumen from the internal milieu, in which the tight junction plays a principal role. It has been well documented that after severe burn injury, many factors such as stress, ischemia/hypoxia, proinflammatory cytokines, and endotoxins can induce intestinal barrier dysfunction via multiple signaling pathways. Recent advances have provided new insights into the mechanisms and the therapeutic strategies of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction associated with severe burn injury. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in intestinal barrier dysfunction in response to severe burn injury and the emerging therapies for treating intestinal barrier dysfunction following severe burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
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38
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Haussner F, Chakraborty S, Halbgebauer R, Huber-Lang M. Challenge to the Intestinal Mucosa During Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:891. [PMID: 31114571 PMCID: PMC6502990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex of life-threating organ dysfunction in critically ill patients, with a primary infectious cause or through secondary infection of damaged tissues. The systemic consequences of sepsis have been intensively examined and evidences of local alterations and repercussions in the intestinal mucosal compartment is gradually defining gut-associated changes during sepsis. In the present review, we focus on sepsis-induced dysfunction of the intestinal barrier, consisting of an increased permeability of the epithelial lining, which may facilitate bacterial translocation. We discuss disturbances in intestinal vascular tonus and perfusion and coagulopathies with respect to their proposed underlying molecular mechanisms. The consequences of enzymatic responses by pancreatic proteases, intestinal alkaline phosphatases, and several matrix metalloproteases are also described. We conclude our insight with a discussion on novel therapeutic interventions derived from crucial aspects of the gut mucosal dynamics during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Haussner
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shinjini Chakraborty
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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The Influence of Maternal-Foetal Parameters on Concentrations of Zonulin and Calprotectin in the Blood and Stool of Healthy Newborns during the First Seven Days of Life. An Observational Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040473. [PMID: 30959960 PMCID: PMC6517987 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It can be hypothetically assumed that maternal and perinatal factors influence the intestinal barrier. Methods: The study was conducted with 100 healthy, full-term newborns breastfed in the first week of life, with similar analyses for their mothers. Zonulin and calprotectin levels were used as intestinal permeability markers. Results: The median (range) zonulin concentrations (ng/mL) were in mothers: serum, 21.39 (6.39–57.54); stool, 82.23 (42.52–225.74); and newborns: serum cord blood, 11.14 (5.82–52.34); meconium, 54.15 (1.36–700.65); and stool at age seven days, 114.41 (29.38–593.72). Calprotectin median (range) concentrations (µg/mL) in mothers were: stool, 74.79 (3.89–211.77); and newborns: meconium, 154.76 (6.93–8884.11); and stool at age seven days 139.12 (11.89–627.35). The use of antibiotics during pregnancy resulted in higher zonulin concentrations in umbilical-cord serum and calprotectin concentrations in newborn stool at seven days, while antibiotic therapy during labour resulted in higher zonulin concentrations in the stool of newborns at seven days. Zonulin concentrations in the stool of newborns (at seven days) who were born via caesarean section were higher compared to with vaginal birth. With further analyses, caesarean section was found to have a greater effect on zonulin concentrations than prophylactic administration of antibiotics in the perinatal period. Pregnancy mass gain >18 kg was associated with higher calprotectin concentrations in maternal stool. Body Mass Index (BMI) increase >5.7 during pregnancy was associated with decreased zonulin concentrations in maternal stool and increased calprotectin concentrations in stool of mothers and newborns at seven days. There was also a negative correlation between higher BMI increase in pregnancy and maternal zonulin stool concentrations and a positive correlation between BMI increase in pregnancy and maternal calprotectin stool concentrations. Conclusion: Maternal-foetal factors such as caesarean section, antibiotic therapy during pregnancy, as well as change in mother’s BMI during pregnancy may increase intestinal permeability in newborns. Changes in body mass during pregnancy can also affect intestinal permeability in mothers. However, health consequences associated with increased intestinal permeability during the first days of life are unknown. Additionally, before the zonulin and calprotectin tests can be adopted as universal diagnostic applications to assess increased intestinal permeability, validation of these tests is necessary.
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Abstract
Background The gut is hypothesized to be the “motor” of critical illness. Under basal conditions, the gut plays a crucial role in the maintenance of health. However, in critical illness, all elements of the gut are injured, potentially worsening multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Main body Under basal conditions, the intestinal epithelium absorbs nutrients and plays a critical role as the first-line protection against pathogenic microbes and as the central coordinator of mucosal immunity. In contrast, each element of the gut is impacted in critical illness. In the epithelium, apoptosis increases, proliferation decreases, and migration slows. In addition, gut barrier function is worsened via alterations to the tight junction, resulting in intestinal hyperpermeability. This is associated with damage to the mucus that separates the contents of the intestinal lumen from the epithelium. Finally, the microbiome of the intestine is converted into a pathobiome, with an increase in disease-promoting bacteria and induction of virulence factors in commensal bacteria. Toxic factors can then leave the intestine via both portal blood flow and mesenteric lymph to cause distant organ damage. Conclusion The gut plays a complex role in both health and critical illness. Here, we review gut integrity in both health and illness and highlight potential strategies for targeting the intestine for therapeutic gain in the intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Otani
- 1Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite WMB 5105, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.,2Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,3Department of General Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670 Japan
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- 1Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite WMB 5105, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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Norepinephrine Contributes to Enterocyte Damage in Septic Shock Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study. Shock 2019; 49:137-143. [PMID: 28786832 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In septic patients, both systemic inflammation and splanchnic hypoperfusion may cause enterocyte damage. Catecholamines may exert additional detrimental effects on mesenteric blood flow in these patients, and thereby contribute to this damage. Enterocyte damage itself results in impairment of gut barrier function and consequent translocation of bacteria/toxins. This may contribute to multiple organ failure and death by sustaining or amplifying the systemic inflammatory response. The aim of the study was 2-fold: to investigate which factors contribute to enterocyte damage in septic patients, and to assess whether enterocyte damage is associated with a sustained or amplified systemic inflammatory response. METHODS In this prospective observational cohort study in 129 patients with septic shock admitted to the ICU, we serially measured plasma levels of Intestinal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (I-FABP, a marker for enterocyte damage) and of cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interferon (IFN)-y, Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (RA), and IL-10. Clinical data were collected from electronic patient files. RESULTS A total of 129 patients were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 67 years [56-74]. The median norepinephrine infusion rate was 0.2 μg/kg/min [0.1-0.5]. Overall, 28-day mortality was 31 (24%). Similar to previous work, I-FABP levels at admission were independently associated with mortality (odds ratio 3.101 [1.138-8.448]). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and an increase in norepinephrine infusion rate between days 1 and 3 were independently associated with area under curve I-FABP levels, whereas mean arterial pressure and creatinine levels were not. No correlations were found between any of the measured cytokines and plasma I-FABP levels. Furthermore, high I-FABP levels were not related with the subsequent course of cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS In patients with septic shock, norepinephrine use is associated with more enterocyte damage. Although enterocyte damage is associated with increased 28-day mortality, it is not associated with a sustained or amplified systemic inflammatory response.
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Li Y, Lv L, Ye J, Fang D, Shi D, Wu W, Wang Q, Wu J, Yang L, Bian X, Jiang X, Jiang H, Yan R, Peng C, Li L. Bifidobacterium adolescentis CGMCC 15058 alleviates liver injury, enhances the intestinal barrier and modifies the gut microbiota in D-galactosamine-treated rats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:375-393. [PMID: 30345482 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure is a drastic, unpredictable clinical syndrome with high mortality. Various preventive and adjuvant therapies based on modulating the gut flora have been proposed for hepatic injury. We aimed to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of Bifidobacterium adolescentis CGMCC15058 on rat liver failure, as well as the potential microecological and immunological mechanisms of those effects. B. adolescentis CGMCC15058 (3 × 109 CFU), isolated from healthy human stool, was gavaged to Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 days. Acute liver injury was induced on the 15th day by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine. After 24 h, liver and terminal ileum histology, liver function, plasma cytokines, bacterial translocation and gut microbiota composition were assessed. We found that pretreatment with B. adolescentis significantly relieved elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bile acid and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and enhanced the expression of mucin 4 and the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1. B. adolescentis exhibited anti-inflammatory properties as indicated by decreased levels of mTOR and the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, as well as elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukins-10 in the liver. Similar anti-inflammatory signs were also found in plasma. B. adolescentis significantly altered the microbial community, depleting the common pathogenic taxon Proteus and markedly enriching the taxa Coriobacteriaceae, Bacteroidales and Allobaculum, which are involved in regulating the metabolism of lipids and aromatic amino acids. Our findings not only suggest B. adolescentis acts as a prospective probiotic against liver failure but also provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daiqiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianwan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Conggao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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Neuendorf R, Corn J, Hanes D, Bradley R. Impact of Food Immunoglobulin G-Based Elimination Diet on Subsequent Food Immunoglobulin G and Quality of Life in Overweight/Obese Adults. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 25:241-248. [PMID: 30265560 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2018.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to assess changes in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) food antibody titers and quality-of-life measurements following a targeted elimination diet in overweight/obese adults. METHODS We performed a randomized control trial. Participants were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either an intervention group or waitlist group for 3 months. Food IgG testing was performed on all participants. The intervention group was instructed to eliminate up to 10 foods, for which they had high titers of IgG and communicated with health coaches for nutritional counseling for meal planning and adherence. The waitlist group did not receive their IgG testing results or health coaching. Primary outcome was serum IgG titers for foods eliminated during the trial, compared with baseline concentrations. Secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life measured by Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29) and change in participant-identified symptom severity measured by Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile. Exploratory outcomes were changes in body weight and waist circumference. RESULTS IgG antibody concentrations decreased in 83% of the targeted foods in the treatment group and in 60% of the foods in the waitlist group, but this was not found to be a statistically significant difference. The intervention group reported improvement in sleep during the trial compared with waitlist, which was the only statistically significant finding in the study. CONCLUSIONS The findings are consistent with changes in IgG titer measurements following an elimination diet based on IgG testing. Future larger clinical trials are necessary to determine the degree to which these findings are generalizable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Neuendorf
- 1 Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR
| | - Joshua Corn
- 1 Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR
| | - Douglas Hanes
- 1 Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR
| | - Ryan Bradley
- 1 Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR.,2 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,3 Australian Research Center on Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM) International Naturopathy Research Leadership Program, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
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44
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Zhu R, Ma XC. Role of metabolic changes of mucosal layer in the intestinal barrier dysfunction following trauma/hemorrhagic shock. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1879-1884. [PMID: 30262430 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mucosal layer plays an important role in regulating the intestinal barrier function. However, the underlying mechanisms of intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by trauma-hemorrhagic shock (THS) are still unknown. METHODS In this study, we examined the barrier damages, inflammatory responses as well as the metabolic changes of the mucosal layer of the colon in a THS rat model. RESULTS The results showed that compared to the rats treated with trauma only, THS induced marked failure of intestinal barrier characterized by increased intestinal permeability, inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased expression of genes involved in epithelial integrity. Moreover, decreased colonic mucus content and goblet cell numbers indicated that the mucosal layer was also impaired in response to THS. This was companied by the anomalous inflammatory responses in the tissue. Finally, microdialysis catheter examination showed that metabolites including glycerol, glucose, lactate and pyruvate, glutamate and glutamine were also altered by THS. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that mucus layer-associated metabolic changes may contribute to the THS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
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45
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Xue H, Wang FY, Kang Q, Tang XD. c-Kit mutation reduce intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and migration, but not influence intestinal permeability stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:534-541. [PMID: 29935985 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene c-kit, as a marker of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the gastrointestinal tract, plays an important role in the ICCs. Although limited evidences showed c-kit is present in the colonic epithelium but its roles remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression, location and function of c-kit in the intestinal epithelium. Immunofluorescence, western blotting, and RT-PCR were performed to detect the expression and location of c-kit in the intestinal mucosa of WT mice. We investigated intestinal epithelial proliferation and migration in vivo by performing 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and Ki-67 staining in WT and Wads m/m mice. An Ussing chamber with fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextran 4000 was used to detect the transepithelial electric resistance (TER), short circuit current (ISC) and permeability across ex vivo colon segments under control and endotoxaemia conditions. We demonstrated that c-kit was located and expressed in the gut crypt compartment in WT mice, which was demonstrated in the c-kit mutant mice (Wads m/m). In addition, both the number of proliferating cells and the percentage of the distance migrated were lower in the Wads m/m mice than those in the WT mice. Moreover, the intestinal permeability, TER and tight junction were unaltered in the Wads m/m mice under endotoxic conditions compared with those in both the control condition and the WT mice. Altogether, these observations imply that the expression of c-kit in the colonic epithelium is involved in the proliferation and permeability of the colonic epithelium.
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46
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Xiao J, Chen B, Wang Q, Yang L, Guo H. Paeonin extracted from potatoes protects gastric epithelial cells from H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in vitro by PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10865. [PMID: 30022028 PMCID: PMC6052145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to investigate the antioxidant mechanism of new extracts from potatoes. Four pigments, namely, Petunin, Paeonin, Malvidin and Pelargonidin, were extracted from potatoes by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our results showed that the cellular morphology and cell viability were significantly altered in gastric mucosal epithelial cells (GES-1) treated with different hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations over time (P < 0.05). Paeonin presented the strongest anti-oxidative effects on H2O2-treated cells, in both a dose- and time-dependent manner, determined by ARE-luciferase activity and HO-1 mRNA expression. After pre-treatment with Paeonin in H2O2-exposed cells, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 protein expressions were remarkably up-regulated. Furthermore, immunostaining of Nrf2 expression was obviously elevated in the H2O2 + Paeonin group over time. The GSH content in the H2O2 + Paeonin group was notably lower than that in the H2O2 + Paeonin + GSK690693 group. Paeonin promoted cell cycle with augmented Cyclin D1 and p27 protein expressions. Moreover, Paeonin suppressed apoptosis with increased Bcl2, total Caspase3 and total Caspase8 protein expressions and decreased Bax, p-Caspase3 and p-Caspase8 protein expression in H2O2-treated cells. These results suggested that Paeonin might exert an anti-oxidative role by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway with the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Huachun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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Schroeder DC, Maul AC, Mahabir E, Koxholt I, Yan X, Padosch SA, Herff H, Bultmann-Mellin I, Sterner-Kock A, Annecke T, Hucho T, Böttiger BW, Guschlbauer M. Evaluation of small intestinal damage in a rat model of 6 Minutes cardiac arrest. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:61. [PMID: 29866034 PMCID: PMC5993127 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contribution of the small intestine to systemic inflammation after cardiac arrest (CA) is poorly understood. The objective was to evaluate whether an in vivo rat model of 6 min CA is suitable to initiate intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion-injury and to evaluate histomorphological changes and inflammatory processes in the small intestinal mucosa resp. in sera. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to CA followed by cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Proximal jejunum and serum was collected at 6 h, 24 h, 72 h and 7 d post return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and from a control group. The small intestine was evaluated histomorphologically. Cytokine concentrations were measured in jejunum lysates and sera. RESULTS Histomorphological evaluation revealed a significant increase in mucosal damage in the jejunum at all timepoints compared to controls (p < 0.0001). In jejunal tissues, concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α showed significant peaks at 24 h and were 1.5- to 5.7-fold higher than concentrations at 6 h and in the controls (p < 0.05). In serum, a significant higher amount of cytokine was detected only for IL-1β at 24 h post-ROSC compared to controls (15.78 vs. 9.76 pg/ml). CONCLUSION CA resulted in mild small intestinal tissue damage but not in systemic inflammation. A rat model of 6 min CA is not capable to comprehensively mimic a post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). Whether there is a vital influence of the intestine on the PCAS still remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Schroeder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra C. Maul
- Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str.10, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str.21, Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabell Koxholt
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str.21, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Padosch
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Herff
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Cologne, Germany
| | - Insa Bultmann-Mellin
- Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str.10, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Sterner-Kock
- Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str.10, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Annecke
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd W. Böttiger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Guschlbauer
- Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str.10, Cologne, Germany
- Decentral Animal Facility, University Hospital of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str.10, Cologne, Germany
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48
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Bekusova VV, Falchuk EL, Okorokova LS, Kruglova NM, Nozdrachev AD, Markov AG. Increased paracellular permeability of tumor-adjacent areas in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:251-259. [PMID: 30197792 PMCID: PMC6121046 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The morphology and functions of the proximal and distal large intestine are not the same. The incidence of colorectal cancer in these regions is also different, as tumors more often appear in the descending colon than in the ascending colon. Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer can increase transepithelial permeability, which is a sign of reduced intestinal barrier function. However, there is not enough evidence to establish a connection between the difference in colorectal cancer incidence in the proximal and distal colon and intestinal permeability or the effects of carcinogenesis on the barrier properties in various areas of the colon. The aim of the study was to assess the permeability of different segments of the large intestine according to a developed mapping methodology in healthy rats and rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon adenocarcinoma. Methods: The short circuit current, the transepithelial electrical resistance and the paracellular permeability to fluorescein of large intestine wall of male Wistar rats were examined in the Ussing chambers. The optical density of the solution from the serosa side to assess the concentration of the diffused fluorescein from mucosa to serosa was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The morphometric and histological studies were performed by optical microscopy. Results: Rats with DMH-induced colon adenocarcinomas showed elevated transepithelial electrical resistance in the areas of neoplasm development. In contrast, there was no change in the electrophysiological properties of tumor adjacent areas, however, the paracellular permeability of these areas to fluorescein was increased compared to the control rats and was characterized by sharply reduced barrier function. Conclusions: The barrier properties of the colon vary depending on tumor location. The tumors were less permeable than the intact intestinal wall and probably have a negative influence on tumor-adjacent tissues by disrupting their barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria V Bekusova
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Evgeny L Falchuk
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Larisa S Okorokova
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Natalia M Kruglova
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Alexander D Nozdrachev
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia.,I.P.Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander G Markov
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
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Ren W, Wu J, Li L, Lu Y, Shao Y, Qi Y, Xu B, He Y, Hu Y. Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Improve Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Aged Rats. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:731-738. [PMID: 29806863 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) plays a major role in repairing impaired intestinal mucosa, but its mechanism in the improvement of intestinal barrier function during the aging process remains unclear. In this study, 26-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control group and GLP-2 group treated with a dose of 250 μg•kg-1•d-1 by intraperitoneal injection. After 14 days of treatment, intestinal mucosal morphometric changes were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Small intestinal permeability was evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran. The mRNA and protein expression of Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-1 and the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot. Our results showed that GLP-2 administration significantly improved the age-related atrophy of intestinal mucosa and villi and increased small intestinal permeability. The mRNA and protein expression of ZO-1and occludin in ileum were up regulated in the GLP-2-treated old rats. In addition, the serum GLP-2 levels were negatively correlated with small intestinal permeability measured by FITC-dextran levels (r=-0.610, P<0.01). Taking all these data together, it is concluded that GLP-2 improved small intestinal epithelial barrier function in aged rats mainly by facilitating intestinal mucosa growth, alleviating the increased small intestinal permeability and increasing ZO-1 and occludin expression. Our observations provide evidence for the clinical significance of GLP-2 in preventing the intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ren
- Yu Hu, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200030, China, E-mail: , Tel:+86-021-64041990-3766, Fax:+86-21-64035399
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Xu J, Liu Z, Zhan W, Jiang R, Yang C, Zhan H, Xiong Y. Recombinant TsP53 modulates intestinal epithelial barrier integrity via upregulation of ZO‑1 in LPS‑induced septic mice. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1212-1218. [PMID: 29115466 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are a critical component in maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier function and gastrointestinal health of animals. Gut barrier dysfunction contributes to the initiation and development of sepsis which induces an uncontrollable systemic inflammatory response and gives rise to life‑threatening clinical conditions. Excretory‑secretary antigens from Trichimella spiralis (T. spiralis) have been reported to protect from sepsis in a mouse model, however the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Mice were treated with recombinant T. spiralis 53‑kDa glycoprotein (rTsP53) at 2 or 6 h following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Survival rate, serum systemic inflammation, Chiu's score, D‑lactic acid (D‑LA) and diamine oxidase (DAO) as intestinal injured biomarkers, bacterial translocation and growth in peritoneal fluid (PF) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), intestinal tight junction structure and protein zona occludens (ZO)‑1 expression were investigated. In LPS‑induced septic mice, rTsP53 was demonstrated to protract the survival and inhibit serum systemic inflammatory response, and then, allayed morphological alteration, decreased the release of D‑LA and DAO from intestines. Furthermore, LPS‑induced intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation and growth in PF, MLN and vital organs were significantly suppressed by rTsP53 treatment. Notably, rTsP53 treatment markedly improved the intestinal tight junction damaged in sepsis via promoting ZO‑1 expression. These results demonstrated that rTsP53 ameliorated LPS‑induced intestinal injury and is a potential protective agent for treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510360, P.R. China
| | - Ren Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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