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Lorkiewicz SA, Müller-Oehring EM, Baker FC, Elkins BV, Schulte T. A longitudinal study of the relationship between alcohol-related blackouts and attenuated structural brain development. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101448. [PMID: 39307082 PMCID: PMC11440320 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs) are common in adolescents and emerging adults. ARBs may also be indicative of persistent, alcohol-related neurocognitive changes. This study explored ARBs as a predictor of altered structural brain development and associated cognitive correlates. METHODS Longitudinal growth curve modeling estimated trajectories of brain volume across 6 years in participants from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study (n = 800, 213 with lifetime ARB history). While controlling for demographics and overall alcohol use, ARB history was analyzed as a predictor of brain volume growth in regions associated with alcohol-related cognitive change. Post hoc analyses examined whether ARBs moderated relationships between brain morphology and cognition. RESULTS ARBs significantly predicted attenuated development of fusiform gyrus and hippocampal volume at unique timepoints compared to overall alcohol use. Alcohol use without ARBs significantly predicted attenuated fusiform and hippocampal growth at earlier and later timepoints, respectively. Despite altered development in regions associated with memory, ARBs did not significantly moderate relationships between brain volume and cognitive performance. CONCLUSION ARBs and overall alcohol use predicted altered brain development in the fusiform gyrus and hippocampus at different timepoints, suggesting ARBs represent a unique marker of neurocognitive risk in younger drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Lorkiewicz
- Palo Alto University, Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eva M Müller-Oehring
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Brionne V Elkins
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Neurology, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tilman Schulte
- Palo Alto University, Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto, CA, USA; SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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2
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Weng Y, Kruschwitz J, Rueda-Delgado LM, Ruddy KL, Boyle R, Franzen L, Serin E, Nweze T, Hanson J, Smyth A, Farnan T, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland PA, Heinz A, Brühl R, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, McGrath J, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Paus T, Poustka L, Holz N, Fröhner J, Smolka MN, Vaidya N, Schumann G, Walter H, Whelan R. A robust brain network for sustained attention from adolescence to adulthood that predicts later substance use. eLife 2024; 13:RP97150. [PMID: 39235858 PMCID: PMC11377036 DOI: 10.7554/elife.97150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Substance use, including cigarettes and cannabis, is associated with poorer sustained attention in late adolescence and early adulthood. Previous studies were predominantly cross-sectional or under-powered and could not indicate if impairment in sustained attention was a predictor of substance use or a marker of the inclination to engage in such behavior. This study explored the relationship between sustained attention and substance use across a longitudinal span from ages 14 to 23 in over 1000 participants. Behaviors and brain connectivity associated with diminished sustained attention at age 14 predicted subsequent increases in cannabis and cigarette smoking, establishing sustained attention as a robust biomarker for vulnerability to substance use. Individual differences in network strength relevant to sustained attention were preserved across developmental stages and sustained attention networks generalized to participants in an external dataset. In summary, brain networks of sustained attention are robust, consistent, and able to predict aspects of later substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Weng
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johann Kruschwitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Collaborative Research Centre (SFB 940) 'Volition and Cognitive Control', Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura M Rueda-Delgado
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathy L Ruddy
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Psychology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rory Boyle
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luisa Franzen
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Emin Serin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tochukwu Nweze
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Jamie Hanson
- Department of Psychology, Learning Research & Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Alannah Smyth
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tom Farnan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | - Penny A Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 'Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie', University Paris-Saclay, CNRS; Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 'Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie', University Paris-Saclay, CNRS; Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AP-HP Sorbonne University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 'Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie', University Paris-Saclay, CNRS; Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes, France
| | - Jane McGrath
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tomas Paus
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hosptalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Fang P, Gao Y, Li Y, Li C, Zhang T, Wu L, Zhu Y, Xie Y. Effects of computerized working memory training on neuroplasticity in healthy individuals: A combined neuroimaging and neurotransmitter study. Neuroimage 2024; 298:120785. [PMID: 39154869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is an essential cognitive function that underpins various higher-order cognitive processes. Improving WM capacity through targeted training interventions has emergered as a potential approach for enhancing cognitive abilities. The present study employed an 8-week regimen of computerized WM training (WMT) to investigate its effect on neuroplasticity in healthy individuals, utilizing neuroimaging data gathered both before and after the training. The key metrics assessed included the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and the spatial distribution correlations of neurotransmitter. The results indicated that post-training, compared to baseline, there was a reduction in ALFF in the medial superior frontal gyrus and an elevation in ALFF in the left middle occipital gyrus within the training group. In comparison to the control group, the training group also exhibited decreased ALFF in the anterior cingulate cortex, angular gyrus, and superior parietal lobule, along with increased ALFF in the postcentral gyrus post-training. VBM analysis revealed a significant increase in gray matter volume (GMV) in the right dorsal superior frontal gyrus after the training period, compared to the initial baseline measurement. Furthermore, the training group showed GMV increases in the dorsal superior frontal gyrus, Rolandic operculum, precentral gyrus, and postcentral gyrus when compared to the control group. In addition, significant associations were identifed between neuroimaging measurements (AFLL and VBM) and the spatial patterns of neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), providing insights into the underlying neurochemical processes. These findings clarify the neuroplastic changes caused by WMT, offering a deeper understanding of brain plasticity and highlighting the potential advantages of cognitive training interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fang
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China; Military Medical Innovation Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuntao Gao
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yuanjun Xie
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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4
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Starski P, Siegle A, Hopf FW. Engagement for alcohol escalates in the 5-choice serial reaction time task after intermittent access. Alcohol 2024; 115:79-92. [PMID: 38286210 PMCID: PMC11278111 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Excessive intake plays a significant role in the development of alcohol use disorder and impacts 15 million Americans annually, with approximately 88 000 dying from alcohol related deaths. Several facets we contribute to alcohol use disorder include impulsivity, motivation, and attention. Previous studies have used the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-Choice) to analyze these types of behaviors using sugar, but recently we have published using 10% alcohol as the reward. This study analyzed 48 mice that were trained to respond for alcohol in the 5-Choice. All mice distributed and analyzed first by alcohol preference and then by consumption. Here, we became interested in a new classification called "engagement". High-engaged and low-engaged mice were determined by the number of correct responses during final Late-Stage training sessions. Interestingly, during Early-Stage training, the mice began to separate themselves into two groups based on their interaction with the task. Throughout both training stages, high-engaged mice displayed a greater number of trials and correct responses, as well as a lower percentage of omissions compared to low-engaged mice. Following three weeks of intermittent access homecage drinking, low-engaged mice showed greater increase in perseverative responding relative to high-engaged. Additionally, low-engaged mice decreased their reward and correct latencies compared to high-engaged mice suggesting an increase in motivation for alcohol. Overall, engagement analysis presents two clearly different groups, with only one being motivated to work for alcohol. These two distinct phenotypes in the 5-Choice could be used to model alcohol motivated behavior, which could help us further understand alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Starski
- Dept. Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Addyson Siegle
- Dept. Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - F Woodward Hopf
- Dept. Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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5
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Kirse HA, Bahrami M, Lyday RG, Simpson SL, Peterson-Sockwell H, Burdette JH, Laurienti PJ. Differences in Brain Network Topology Based on Alcohol Use History in Adolescents. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1676. [PMID: 38137124 PMCID: PMC10741456 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 6 million youth aged 12 to 20 consume alcohol monthly in the United States. The effect of alcohol consumption in adolescence on behavior and cognition is heavily researched; however, little is known about how alcohol consumption in adolescence may alter brain function, leading to long-term developmental detriments. In order to investigate differences in brain connectivity associated with alcohol use in adolescents, brain networks were constructed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected by the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) from 698 youth (12-21 years; 117 hazardous drinkers and 581 no/low drinkers). Analyses assessed differences in brain network topology based on alcohol consumption in eight predefined brain networks, as well as in whole-brain connectivity. Within the central executive network (CEN), basal ganglia network (BGN), and sensorimotor network (SMN), no/low drinkers demonstrated stronger and more frequent connections between highly globally efficient nodes, with fewer and weaker connections between highly clustered nodes. Inverse results were observed within the dorsal attention network (DAN), visual network (VN), and frontotemporal network (FTN), with no/low drinkers demonstrating weaker connections between nodes with high efficiency and increased frequency of clustered nodes compared to hazardous drinkers. Cross-sectional results from this study show clear organizational differences between adolescents with no/low or hazardous alcohol use, suggesting that aberrant connectivity in these brain networks is associated with risky drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A. Kirse
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Graduate Program, Wake Forest Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mohsen Bahrami
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Robert G. Lyday
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Sean L. Simpson
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Hope Peterson-Sockwell
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Jonathan H. Burdette
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Paul J. Laurienti
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Starski P, Siegle A, Hopf F. Engagement for Alcohol Escalates in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task After Intermittent Access. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.30.569396. [PMID: 38077076 PMCID: PMC10705492 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.30.569396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrollable binge drinking is becoming an increasingly prevalent issue in our society. This is a factor that plays a role in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD impacts 15 million Americans annually, with approximately 88,000 dying from alcohol related deaths. There are several aspects of AUD that encourage a strong dependence on alcohol. Impulsivity, motivation, and attention are the primary behavioral facets we contribute to AUD. Many past studies have used the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-Choice) to analyze these types of behaviors using sugar as the reward. We have recently published a study where alcohol was used as a reward in the 5-Choice. 48 mice were trained to respond for alcohol in the 5-Choice, and the analyses for these animals were originally categorized by their alcohol preference and consumption. Upon looking at the data, we became more interested in a new way to classify these mice into groups. High engaged (HE) and low engaged (LE) mice were classified based on their number of correct responses in the last five late-stage sessions. During early-stage training, mice began to separate themselves into two groups based on their interaction with the task. The high-engaged (HE) mice were much more engaged with the task by having a high number of trials and correct responses, as well as a much lower percentage of omissions. The low engaged (LE) mice were not as engaged, this was apparent because of their lower number of trials and correct responses. They also had a much higher percentage of omissions in comparison to HE mice. LE mice presented no significant changes in late-stage training, while HE mice began responding and engaging more. These mice went through a period of intermittent access (IA), where they were allowed to drink alcohol in their cage for 3 weeks. After intermittent access, LE mice increased their responding which suggests an increase in motivation for alcohol as a reward. Engagement analysis presents two clearly different groups, one being motivated to work for alcohol and the other not wanting to work for this reward. These two distinct phenotypes in the 5-Choice could be used to model alcohol motivated behavior, which could help us further understand AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Starski
- Dept. Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Addyson Siegle
- Dept. Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Frederic Hopf
- Dept. Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Klein RJ, Gyorda JA, Lekkas D, Jacobson NC. Dysregulated Emotion and Trying Substances in Childhood: Insights from a Large Nationally Representative Cohort Study. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1625-1633. [PMID: 37572018 PMCID: PMC11000575 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2223290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transdiagnostic perspectives on the shared origins of mental illness posit that dysregulated emotion may represent a key driving force behind multiple forms of psychopathology, including substance use disorders. The present study examined whether a link between dysregulated emotion and trying illicit substances could be observed in childhood. METHOD In a large (N = 7,418) nationally representative sample of children (Mage = 9.9), individual differences in emotion dysregulation were indexed using child and parent reports of frequency of children's emotional outbursts, as well as children's performance on the emotional N-Back task. Two latent variables, derived from either parental/child-report or performance-based indicators, were evaluated as predictors of having ever tried alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana. RESULTS Results showed that reports of dysregulated emotion were linked to a greater likelihood of trying both alcohol and tobacco products. These findings were also present when controlling for individual differences in executive control and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that well-established links between dysregulated negative emotion and substance use may emerge as early as in childhood and also suggest that children who experience excessive episodes of uncontrollable negative emotion may be at greater risk for trying substances early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Klein
- Center for technology and behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth college, Hanover, new Hampshire, USA
| | - Joseph A. Gyorda
- Center for technology and behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth college, Hanover, new Hampshire, USA
- Mathematical Data Science Program, Dartmouth college, Hanover, new Hampshire, USA
| | - Damien Lekkas
- Center for technology and behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth college, Hanover, new Hampshire, USA
- Quantitative biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth college, Hanover, new Hampshire, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Jacobson
- Center for technology and behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth college, Hanover, new Hampshire, USA
- Quantitative biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth college, Hanover, new Hampshire, USA
- Department of biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth college, Hanover, new Hampshire, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth college, Hanover, new Hampshire, USA
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8
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Cao Y, Tian F, Zeng J, Gong Q, Yang X, Jia Z. The brain activity pattern in alcohol-use disorders under inhibition response Task. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 163:127-134. [PMID: 37209618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitory control impairment in alcohol use disorder (AUD) may indicate detrimental effects of chronic alcohol use on different functional systems in the brain, but the current studies lack consistency. This study aims to identify the most consistent response inhibition-related brain dysfunction based on existing data. METHODS We performed systematic searches of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsychINFO databases for available studies. Anisotropic effect-size signed differential mapping was used to quantitatively analyze the differences in response inhibition-related brain activation between AUD patients and HCs. Meta regression was used to explore the relationship between brain alterations and clinical variables. RESULTS The brain hypoactivation or hyperactivation in AUD patients compared with HCs during the response inhibition tasks was mainly located in the prefrontal cortex including the superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC), superior temporal gyrus, occipital gyrus, and somatosensory areas including postcentral gyrus and supramarginal gyrus. The meta-regression revealed that older patients were more likely to present activation in the left superior frontal gyrus when performing the response inhibition tasks. CONCLUSIONS The response inhibitive dysfunctions in a distinct prefrontal-cingulate cortices may presumably reflect the core impairment in cognitive control abilities. Dysfunction in the occipital gyrus and somatosensory areas may indicate an abnormal motor-sensory and visual function in AUD. Such functional abnormalities may represent neurophysiological correlates of the executive deficits observed in AUD patients. This study has been registered in PROSPERO (number CRD42022339384).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Fangfang Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Jianguang Zeng
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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9
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Starski P, Maulucci D, Mead H, Hopf F. Adaptation of the 5-choice serial reaction time task to measure engagement and motivation for alcohol in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:968359. [PMID: 36187376 PMCID: PMC9522902 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.968359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is related to excessive binge alcohol consumption, and there is considerable interest in associated factors that promote intake. AUD has many behavioral facets that enhance inflexibility toward alcohol consumption, including impulsivity, motivation, and attention. Thus, it is important to understand how these factors might promote responding for alcohol and can change after protracted alcohol intake. Previous studies have explored such behavioral factors using responding for sugar in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-CSRTT), which allows careful separation of impulsivity, attention, and motivation. Importantly, our studies uniquely focus on using alcohol as the reward throughout training and testing sessions, which is critical for beginning to answer central questions relating to behavioral engagement for alcohol. Alcohol preference and consumption in male C57BL/6 mice were determined from the first 9 sessions of 2-h alcohol drinking which were interspersed among 5-CSRTT training. Interestingly, alcohol preference but not consumption level significantly predicted 5-CSRTT responding for alcohol. In contrast, responding for strawberry milk was not related to alcohol preference. Moreover, high-preference (HP) mice made more correct alcohol-directed responses than low-preference (LP) during the first half of each session and had more longer reward latencies in the second half, with no differences when performing for strawberry milk, suggesting that HP motivation for alcohol may reflect “front-loading.” Mice were then exposed to an Intermittent Access to alcohol paradigm and retested in 5-CSRTT. While both HP and LP mice increased 5-CSRTT responding for alcohol, but not strawberry milk, LP performance rose to HP levels, with a greater change in correct and premature responding in LP versus HP. Overall, this study provides three significant findings: (1) alcohol was a suitable reward in the 5-CSRTT, allowing dissection of impulsivity, attention, and motivation in relation to alcohol drinking, (2) alcohol preference was a more sensitive indicator of mouse 5-CSRTT performance than consumption, and (3) intermittent alcohol drinking promoted behavioral engagement with alcohol, especially for individuals with less initial engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Starski
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Danielle Maulucci
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Hunter Mead
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Frederic Hopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Frederic Hopf,
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10
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Tretyak V, Kirsch DE, Le V, Fromme K, Strakowski SM, Lippard ET. Coping drinking motives, neural functional coupling during emotion processing, and alcohol use in young adults with bipolar disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1482-1496. [PMID: 35702929 PMCID: PMC9478569 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of alcohol use disorders in individuals with bipolar disorder are 3 to 5 times greater than in the general population and exceed rates of alcohol use disorders reported in other affective and anxiety disorders. Despite this high rate of comorbidity, our understanding of the psychosocial and neural mechanisms that underlie the initiation of alcohol misuse in young adults with bipolar disorder remains limited. Prior work suggests that individuals with bipolar disorder may misuse alcohol as a coping mechanism, yet the neural correlates of coping drinking motives and associated alcohol use have not been previously investigated in this population. METHODS Forty-eight young adults (22 bipolar disorder type I, 26 typically developing; 71% women; average age ± standard deviation = 22 ± 2 years) completed the Drinking Motives and Daily Drinking Questionnaires, and a Continuous Performance Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Task with Emotional and Neutral Distracters. We calculated the relative difference in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) functional coupling with the anterior insula and amygdala in response to emotional distracters compared with neutral stimuli and investigated the relations with coping drinking motives and alcohol use. RESULTS Across all participants, coping drinking motives were associated with greater quantity of recent alcohol use. In individuals with bipolar disorder, greater ACC-anterior insula functional coupling was associated with greater coping drinking motives, and greater quantity and frequency of recent alcohol use. The relative difference in ACC-anterior insula functional coupling was not associated with coping drinking motives or alcohol use in the typically developing group. Greater ACC-anterior insula functional coupling in individuals with bipolar disorder was also associated with greater anxiety symptoms and recent perceived psychological stress. Exploratory analyses suggest that the relations between ACC-anterior insula functional coupling and coping drinking motives may be confounded by anticonvulsant use. CONCLUSION Results suggest that a difference in ACC-anterior insula functional coupling during emotion processing may underlie alcohol use as a maladaptive coping mechanism in young adults with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tretyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX,
USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research,
University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dylan E. Kirsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research,
University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin,
TX, USA
| | - Vanessa Le
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kim Fromme
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX,
USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research,
University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephen M. Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX,
USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research,
University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin,
TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth T.C. Lippard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX,
USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research,
University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin,
TX, USA,Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, University of
Texas, Austin, TX, USA
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11
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Abstract
This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as part of the National Institute of Mental Health and later as an independent institute of the National Institutes of Health, NIAAA today is the world's largest funding agency for alcohol research. In addition to its own intramural research program, NIAAA supports the entire spectrum of innovative basic, translational, and clinical research to advance the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related problems. To celebrate the anniversary, NIAAA hosted a 2-day symposium, "Alcohol Across the Lifespan: 50 Years of Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment Research," devoted to key topics within the field of alcohol research. This article is based on Dr. Tapert's presentation at the event. NIAAA Director George F. Koob, Ph.D., serves as editor of the Festschrift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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12
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Lorkiewicz SA, Baker FC, Müller-Oehring EM, Haas A, Wickham R, Sassoon SA, Clark DB, Nooner KB, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Schulte T. A Longitudinal Examination of Alcohol-Related Blackouts as a Predictor of Changes in Learning, Memory, and Executive Function in Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:866051. [PMID: 35599753 PMCID: PMC9120418 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In adolescents, the relationship between alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs) and distinct cognitive changes lasting beyond intoxication is unclear. We examined ARBs as a predictor of persistent changes in the development of learning, memory, and executive function in participants from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. METHODS Descriptive analyses of the NCANDA sample (N = 831, 50.9% female, 12-21 years at baseline) identified ARB patterns within participants with an ARB history (n = 106). Latent growth curve modeling evaluated ARB-related performance changes on four neuropsychological measures across five years, excluding baseline data to reduce the magnitude of practice effects over time (n = 790). Measures included the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET), Penn Letter N-back Test (PLBT), Penn Facial Memory Test immediate (PFMTi), and delayed (PFMTd) recognition trials, and the Rey Complex Figure Test copy (RCFTc), immediate recall (RCFTi), and delayed recall (RCFTd) trials. Multivariate models were fit for raw accuracy scores from each measure, with ARB history (i.e., presence of past-year ARBs) as the main independent variable. Age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, assessment site, and alcohol use (i.e., past-year frequency) were included as covariates. Interaction effects between ARB history and alcohol use frequency were tested. RESULTS By year five, 16% of participants had experienced at least one ARB (59% of whom reported > 1 ARB and 57% of whom had an ARB lasting > 1 h). After controlling for demographics and alcohol use, ARB history predicted attenuated PFMTd performance growth at year one. Interaction effects between ARB history and alcohol use frequency predicted attenuated PFMTd performance growth at years one and two. ARB history predicted attenuated RCFTi and RCFTd performance growth by year four, but not PCET or PLBT performance over time. By contrast, greater past-year alcohol use predicted attenuated PFMTi and PFMTd performance growth between years two and four in adolescents without an ARB history. CONCLUSION We found that ARBs predict distinct, lasting changes in learning and memory for visual information, with results suggesting that the developing brain is vulnerable to ARBs during adolescence and emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Lorkiewicz
- Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Fiona C Baker
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, United States.,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eva M Müller-Oehring
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amie Haas
- Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Robert Wickham
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | | | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tilman Schulte
- Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, United States
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dependent alcohol drinkers exhibit differences in the structure and function of the brain, and impairments in cognitive function, including executive functions (EFs). Less is known about the impact of non-dependent but hazardous use (that which raises the risk of harm), and it is also unclear to what extent executive impairments in this cohort affect real-world function. The current study examines the relationship between alcohol use, EF and alcohol-related problems, in the general population. METHODS A between-groups cross-sectional design assessed EF across two levels of drinking; hazardous (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score of ⩾8) and non-hazardous. Alcohol drinkers (n = 666; 136 male; 524 female; six not disclosed; aged 28.02 ± 10.40 years) completed validated questionnaires online assessing subjective EF, alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. RESULTS Organisation, Strategic Planning, Impulse Control and overall function were significantly impaired in hazardous drinkers. Furthermore, the effect of alcohol on EF, partially mediated the relationship between alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. CONCLUSION Hazardous drinking was associated with lower subjective EF, and this mediated the effect of alcohol on alcohol-related problems. This may be due to changes in prefrontal brain regions, which could indicate greater risk for the development of alcohol dependence (AD). Future research should use additional means to assess EF in hazardous drinkers, including recovery of function, development of AD and the relationship between cognition and alcohol-related daily problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Powell
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John
Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Harry Sumnall
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John
Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research,
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Cecil Kullu
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust,
Liverpool, UK
| | - Lynn Owens
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research,
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool,
UK
| | - Catharine Montgomery
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John
Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research,
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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14
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Elton A, Garbutt JC, Boettiger CA. Risk and resilience for alcohol use disorder revealed in brain functional connectivity. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102801. [PMID: 34482279 PMCID: PMC8416942 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A family history of alcoholism (FH) increases risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD), yet many at-risk individuals never develop alcohol use problems. FH is associated with intermediate levels of risk phenotypes, whereas distinct, compensatory brain changes likely promote resilience. Although several cognitive, behavioral, and personality factors have been associated with AUD, the relative contributions of these processes and their neural underpinnings to risk or resilience processes remains less clear. We examined whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and behavioral metrics from 841 young adults from the Human Connectome Project, including healthy controls, individuals with AUD, and their unaffected siblings. First, we identified functional connections in which unaffected siblings were intermediate between controls and AUD, indicating AUD risk, and those in which siblings diverged, indicating resilience. Canonical correlations relating brain risk and resilience FC to behavioral patterns revealed AUD risk and resilience phenotypes. Risk phenotypes primarily implicated frontal-parietal networks corresponding with executive function, impulsivity, externalizing behaviors, and social-emotional intelligence. Conversely, resilience-related phenotypes were underpinned by networks of medial prefrontal, striatal, temporal, brainstem and cerebellar connectivity, which associated with high trait attention and low antisocial behavior. Additionally, we calculated "polyphenotypic" risk and resilience scores, to investigate how the relative load of risk and resilience phenotypes influenced the probability of an AUD diagnosis. Polyphenotypic scores predicted AUD in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, resilience phenotypes interacted with risk phenotypes, reducing their effects. The hypothesis-generating results revealed interpretable AUD-related phenotypes and offer brain-informed targets for developing more effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Elton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - James C Garbutt
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Charlotte A Boettiger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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15
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Dannenhoffer CA, Robertson MM, Macht VA, Mooney SM, Boettiger CA, Robinson DL. Chronic alcohol exposure during critical developmental periods differentially impacts persistence of deficits in cognitive flexibility and related circuitry. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 160:117-173. [PMID: 34696872 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility in decision making depends on prefrontal cortical function and is used by individuals to adapt to environmental changes in circumstances. Cognitive flexibility can be measured in the laboratory using a variety of discrete, translational tasks, including those that involve reversal learning and/or set-shifting ability. Distinct components of flexible behavior rely upon overlapping brain circuits, including different prefrontal substructures that have separable impacts on decision making. Cognitive flexibility is impaired after chronic alcohol exposure, particularly during development when the brain undergoes rapid maturation. This review examines how cognitive flexibility, as indexed by reversal and set-shifting tasks, is impacted by chronic alcohol exposure in adulthood, adolescent, and prenatal periods in humans and animal models. We also discuss areas for future study, including mechanisms that may contribute to the persistence of cognitive deficits after developmental alcohol exposure and the compacting consequences from exposure across multiple critical periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Dannenhoffer
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - M M Robertson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Victoria A Macht
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - S M Mooney
- Nutrition Research Institute and Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - C A Boettiger
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Donita L Robinson
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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16
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Flook EA, Luchsinger JR, Silveri MM, Winder DG, Benningfield MM, Blackford JU. Anxiety during abstinence from alcohol: A systematic review of rodent and human evidence for the anterior insula's role in the abstinence network. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12861. [PMID: 31991531 PMCID: PMC7384950 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease that impacts almost a third of Americans. Despite effective treatments for attaining sobriety, the majority of patients relapse within a year, making relapse a substantial barrier to long-term treatment success. A major factor contributing to relapse is heightened negative affect that results from the combination of abstinence-related increases in stress-reactivity and decreases in reward sensitivity. Substantial research has contributed to the understanding of reward-related changes in AUD. However, less is known about anxiety during abstinence, a critical component of understanding addiction as anxiety during abstinence can trigger relapse. Most of what we know about abstinence-related negative affect comes from rodent studies which have identified key brain regions responsible for abstinence-related behaviors. This abstinence network is composed of brain regions that make up the extended amygdala: the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). More recently, emerging evidence from rodent and human studies suggests a fourth brain region, the anterior insula, might be part of the abstinence network. Here, we review current rodent and human literature on the extended amygdala's role in alcohol abstinence and anxiety, present evidence for the anterior insula's role in the abstinence network, and provide future directions for research to further elucidate the neural underpinnings of abstinence in humans. A better understanding of the abstinence network is critical toward understanding and possibly preventing relapse in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Flook
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph R. Luchsinger
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt J.F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human
Development, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marisa M. Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental
Health, Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Danny G. Winder
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt J.F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human
Development, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics,
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret M. Benningfield
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt J.F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human
Development, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Research Health Scientist, Research and Development,
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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17
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Zhao Q, Sullivan EV, Műller‐Oehring EM, Honnorat N, Adeli E, Podhajsky S, Baker FC, Colrain IM, Prouty D, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Meloy MJ, Brumback T, Nagel BJ, Morales AM, Clark DB, Luna B, De Bellis MD, Voyvodic JT, Nooner KB, Pfefferbaum A, Pohl KM. Adolescent alcohol use disrupts functional neurodevelopment in sensation seeking girls. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12914. [PMID: 32428984 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous causes, such as alcohol use, and endogenous factors, such as temperament and sex, can modulate developmental trajectories of adolescent neurofunctional maturation. We examined how these factors affect sexual dimorphism in brain functional networks in youth drinking below diagnostic threshold for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Based on the 3-year, annually acquired, longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 526 adolescents (12-21 years at baseline) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) cohort, developmental trajectories of 23 intrinsic functional networks (IFNs) were analyzed for (1) sexual dimorphism in 259 participants who were no-to-low drinkers throughout this period; (2) sex-alcohol interactions in two age- and sex-matched NCANDA subgroups (N = 76 each), half no-to-low, and half moderate-to-heavy drinkers; and (3) moderating effects of gender-specific alcohol dose effects and a multifactorial impulsivity measure on IFN connectivity in all NCANDA participants. Results showed that sex differences in no-to-low drinkers diminished with age in the inferior-occipital network, yet girls had weaker within-network connectivity than boys in six other networks. Effects of adolescent alcohol use were more pronounced in girls than boys in three IFNs. In particular, girls showed greater within-network connectivity in two motor networks with more alcohol consumption, and these effects were mediated by sensation-seeking only in girls. Our results implied that drinking might attenuate the naturally diminishing sexual differences by disrupting the maturation of network efficiency more severely in girls. The sex-alcohol-dose effect might explain why women are at higher risk of alcohol-related health and psychosocial consequences than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Eva M. Műller‐Oehring
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | | | - Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Simon Podhajsky
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Ian M. Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Devin Prouty
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego CA USA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego CA USA
- Department of Psychology University of California San Diego CA USA
| | - Mary J. Meloy
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego CA USA
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychological Science Northern Kentucky University Highland Heights KY USA
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Oregon Health & Sciences University Portland OR USA
| | - Angelica M. Morales
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Oregon Health & Sciences University Portland OR USA
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Michael D. De Bellis
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - James T. Voyvodic
- Department of Radiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Kate B. Nooner
- Department of Psychology University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington NC USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Center for Health Sciences SRI International Menlo Park CA USA
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18
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Hamidullah S, Thorpe HHA, Frie JA, Mccurdy RD, Khokhar JY. Adolescent Substance Use and the Brain: Behavioral, Cognitive and Neuroimaging Correlates. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:298. [PMID: 32848673 PMCID: PMC7418456 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is an important ontogenetic period that is characterized by behaviors such as enhanced novelty-seeking, impulsivity, and reward preference, which can give rise to an increased risk for substance use. While substance use rates in adolescence are generally on a decline, the current rates combined with emerging trends, such as increases in e-cigarette use, remain a significant public health concern. In this review, we focus on the neurobiological divergences associated with adolescent substance use, derived from a cross-sectional, retrospective, and longitudinal studies, and highlight how the use of these substances during adolescence may relate to behavioral and neuroimaging-based outcomes. Identifying and understanding the associations between adolescent substance use and changes in cognition, mental health, and future substance use risk may assist our understanding of the consequences of drug exposure during this critical window.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayley H A Thorpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jude A Frie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Richard D Mccurdy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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19
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Almeida CSD, Lana FCF. Relations between sociocultural spaces and the consumption of psychoactive substances by adolescents. Rev Gaucha Enferm 2020; 41:e20190335. [DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2020.20190335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the relation between space and psychoactive substance use by adolescents. Methods: This is a mixed method study conducted with 9th grade students from an elementary school in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais. In the quantitative phase (n=303), the modules for general information, use of beverages and illegal drugs from the National School Health Survey were applied. The qualitative phase (n=18) was dominant and followed the quantitative. Descriptive and associated factor analyses were performed for the quantitative variables. Concerning the qualitative aspects, speeches were analyzed based on social determination. Results: Not living with parents and having friends that drink were factors associated with a higher probability of drinking by adolescents. The adolescents' sociocultural spaces are related to the use of beverages and their consequences. Conclusion: The adolescents' views regarding the use of psychoactive substances are influenced by the social and geographical space in which they are inserted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Souza de Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil; Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
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20
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Almeida CSD, Andrade SN, Abreu MNS, Malta DC, Lana FCF. Reprodutibilidade dos módulos bebidas alcoólicas e drogas ilícitas da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2020; 54:e03660. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2019014903660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade dos módulos de uso de bebidas alcoólicas e de drogas ilícitas da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar do ano de 2015. Método: Estudo epidemiológico transversal visando avaliar a reprodutibilidade de instrumentos de coleta, realizado na cidade de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais. A amostra foi composta por alunos cursando o 9° ano do Ensino Fundamental em escolas públicas e privadas em 2017. A reprodutibilidade dos módulos de uso de álcool e drogas ilícitas foi aplicada na amostra, e o reteste ocorreu dentro de 15 a 20 dias com os mesmos alunos. Na análise da concordância teste e reteste, foi utilizado o coeficiente Kappa na análise das variáveis categóricas nominais; Kappa com ponderação linear, na análise das variáveis categóricas ordinais; e Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse na análise das variáveis numéricas. Resultados: Participaram 303 alunos. A concordância das respostas foi de satisfatória a moderada e não houve nenhum indicador com concordância razoável ou pobre. As frequências também ficaram próximas entre o teste e o reteste. Conclusão: Os módulos analisados foram satisfatórios, considerados reaplicáveis, e são fontes confiáveis para subsidiar Políticas Públicas e programas voltados aos adolescentes.
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Courtney KE, Li I, Tapert SF. The effect of alcohol use on neuroimaging correlates of cognitive and emotional processing in human adolescence. Neuropsychology 2019; 33:781-794. [PMID: 31448946 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article provides an overview of the scientific literature pertaining to the effects of alcohol on neural correlates of cognitive and emotional functioning, including reward processing and cue-reactivity, in adolescence and young adulthood. METHOD Peer-reviewed, original research articles that included a neuroimaging assessment of alcohol effects on subsequent cognitive or emotional processing in adolescent or young adult samples were searched (through November 2018) and summarized in the review. RESULTS Cross-sectional studies provided early evidence of alcohol-related differences in neural processing across a number of cognitive domains. Longitudinal studies have identified neural abnormalities that predate drinking within most domains of cognitive functioning, while a few neural alterations have been observed within the domains of visual working memory, inhibitory control, reward processing, and cue-reactivity that appear to be related to the neurotoxic effect of alcohol use during adolescence. In contrast, neural correlates of emotion functioning appear to be relatively stable to the effects of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Larger prospective studies are greatly needed to disentangle premorbid factors from neural consequences associated with drinking, and to detect subsets of youth who may be particularly vulnerable to alcohol's effects on cognitive and emotional functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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22
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Christensen J, Eyolfson E, Salberg S, Bhatt D, Weerawardhena H, Tabor J, Mychasiuk R. When Two Wrongs Make a Right: The Effect of Acute and Chronic Binge Drinking on Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Young Adult Female Rats. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:273-285. [PMID: 31418318 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is the most commonly abused drug by young adults across North America. Although alcohol consumption itself incurs a risk of neurological damage, it is also a significant risk factor for traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI among young adults is described as a modern healthcare epidemic. The drastic changes occurring within their neurological networks put young adults at greater risk for developing long-term post-traumatic deficits. Contradictory findings have been indicated regarding the effects of alcohol consumption on TBI outcomes in adults, with some studies demonstrating detrimental effects, whereas others suggest neuroprotective abilities. However, little is known about the effects of alcohol consumption on TBI outcomes during the sensitive stage of early adulthood. Young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of six experimental conditions: Pre-injury alcohol+TBI; Pre-injury alcohol+Sham; Pre- and Post-injury alcohol+TBI; Pre- and Post-injury alcohol+Sham; No alcohol+TBI; No alcohol+Sham. Alcohol consumption groups received an amount of 10% v/v ethanol solution based on the animals' weight. Following the injury, the rats were subjected to a behavioral test battery to assess post-concussive symptomology. Overall, chronic binge drinking significantly improved TBI outcomes related to motor coordination and balance, whereas binge drinking in general significantly decreased anxiety-like behaviors. Additionally, in many cases, chronic binge drinking appears to return the TBI animal's behavioral outcomes to levels comparable to those of the no alcohol sham animals. Thus, the results suggest that alcohol may exhibit neuroprotective abilities in the context of early adulthood TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennaya Christensen
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Eyolfson
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sabrina Salberg
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dhyey Bhatt
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Himanthri Weerawardhena
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason Tabor
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Relationships between drinking quantity and frequency and behavioral and hippocampal BOLD responses during working memory performance involving allocentric spatial navigation in college students. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 201:236-243. [PMID: 31254750 PMCID: PMC7370814 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantity and frequency of drinking may be used to effectively quantify the severity of alcohol-use. Drinking-severity has been related to neurocognitive impairments in such domains as spatial working memory (SWM). Youth drinking has been associated with altered neurofunctional underpinnings of SWM. The current study examined the relationship between drinking-severity and SWM processing. METHODS One-hundred-and-seventy college drinkers reported the maximum number of drinks in a 24 -h period in the last six-months (quantity) and average number of drinking weeks in the last six-months (frequency). All participants performed a virtual Morris Water Task during fMRI which included trials where the target platform was visible or hidden. RESULTS Greater quantity was associated with reduced SWM-related activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F(1, 167) = 4.15, p = .04). Greater frequency was associated with reduced SWM-related activity in the hippocampus (F(1, 167) = 4.34, p = 0.039). Greater quantity was associated with longer search times (r = 0.21, p = .005) and greater platforms found (r = 0.19, p = .01) in VISIBLE trials. We did not find a relationship between drinking quantity or frequency and gender on SWM-related activity, although men found more platforms in both HIDDEN (F(1, 168) = 11.7, p = 0.0008) and VISIBLE (F(1, 168) = 23.0, p < .0001) trials compared to women. CONCLUSIONS Altered SWM-related hippocampal function relating to alcohol use in young adults raises questions regarding the impact on young adult health and the nature of the findings. Future studies should examine whether these differences may lead to cognitive deficits later in life.
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24
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Chumin EJ, Grecco GG, Dzemidzic M, Cheng H, Finn P, Sporns O, Newman SD, Yoder KK. Alterations in White Matter Microstructure and Connectivity in Young Adults with Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1170-1179. [PMID: 30977902 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown differences in volume and structure in the brains of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Most research has focused on neuropathological effects of alcohol that appear after years of chronic alcohol misuse. However, few studies have investigated white matter (WM) microstructure and diffusion MRI-based (DWI) connectivity during early stages of AUD. Therefore, the goal of this work was to investigate WM integrity and structural connectivity in emerging adulthood AUD subjects using both conventional DWI metrics and a novel connectomics approach. METHODS Twenty-two AUD and 18 controls (CON) underwent anatomic and diffusion MRI. Outcome measures were scalar diffusion metrics and structural network connectomes. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was used to investigate group differences in diffusion measures. Structural connectomes were used as input into a community structure procedure to obtain a coclassification index matrix (an indicator of community association strength) for each subject. Differences in coclassification and structural connectivity (indexed by streamline density) were assessed via the Network Based Statistics Toolbox. RESULTS AUD had higher fractional anisotropy (FA) values throughout the major WM tracts, but also had lower FA values in WM tracts in the cerebellum and right insula (pTFCE < 0.05). Mean diffusivity was generally lower in the AUD group (pTFCE < 0.05). AUD had lower coclassification of nodes between ventral attention and default mode networks and higher coclassification between nodes of visual, default mode, and somatomotor networks. Additionally, AUD had higher fiber density between an adjacent pair of nodes within the default mode network. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that emerging adulthood AUD subjects may have differential patterns of FA and distinct differences in structural connectomes compared with CON. These data suggest that such alterations in microstructure and structural connectivity may uniquely characterize early stages of AUD and/or a predisposition for development of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny J Chumin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gregory G Grecco
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Peter Finn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Olaf Sporns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Sharlene D Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Karmen K Yoder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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25
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Waller R, Murray L, Shaw DS, Forbes EE, Hyde LW. Accelerated alcohol use across adolescence predicts early adult symptoms of alcohol use disorder via reward-related neural function. Psychol Med 2019; 49:675-684. [PMID: 29871712 PMCID: PMC7066874 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171800137x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is commonly initiated during adolescence, with earlier onset known to increase the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Altered function in neural reward circuitry is thought to increase the risk for AUD. To test the hypothesis that adolescent alcohol misuse primes the brain for alcohol-related psychopathology in early adulthood, we examined whether adolescent alcohol consumption rates predicted reward responsivity in the ventral striatum (VS), and in turn, AUD symptoms in adulthood. METHODS A total of 139 low income, racially diverse urban males reported on their alcohol use at ages 11, 12, 15, and 17; completed self-reports of personality, psychiatric interviews, and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan at age 20; and completed a psychiatric interview at age 22. We measured adolescent alcohol use trajectories using latent growth curve modeling and measured neural responses to monetary reward using a VS region of interest. We tested indirect effects of adolescent alcohol use on AUD symptoms at age 22 via VS reward-related reactivity at age 20. RESULTS Greater acceleration in adolescent alcohol use predicted increased VS response during reward anticipation at age 20. VS reactivity to reward anticipation at age 20 predicted AUD symptoms at age 22, over and above concurrent symptoms. Accelerated adolescent alcohol use predicted AUD symptoms in early adulthood via greater VS reactivity to reward anticipation. CONCLUSIONS Prospective findings support a pathway through which adolescent alcohol use increases the risk for AUD in early adulthood by impacting reward-related neural functioning. These results highlight increased VS reward-related reactivity as a biomarker for AUD vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Laura Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Luke W. Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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26
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Mahedy L, Field M, Gage S, Hammerton G, Heron J, Hickman M, Munafò MR. Alcohol Use in Adolescence and Later Working Memory: Findings From a Large Population-Based Birth Cohort. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:251-258. [PMID: 29329371 PMCID: PMC5913665 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The study aimed to examine the association between adolescent alcohol use and working memory (WM) using a large population sample. Methods Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were used to investigate the association between alcohol use at age 15 years and WM 3 years later, assessed using the N-back task (N ~ 3300). A three-category ordinal variable captured mutually exclusive alcohol groupings ranging in order of severity (i.e. low alcohol users, frequent drinkers and frequent/binge drinkers). Differential dropout was accounted for using multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting. Adjustment was made for potential confounders. Results There was evidence of an association between frequent/binge drinking (compared to the low alcohol group) and poorer performance on the 3-back task after adjusting for sociodemographic confounding variables, WM at age 11 years, and experience of a head injury/unconsciousness before age 11 years (β = −0.23, 95% CI = −0.37 to −0.09, P = 0.001). However, this association was attenuated (β = −0.12, 95% CI = −0.27 to 0.03, P = 0.11) when further adjusted for baseline measures of weekly cigarette tobacco and cannabis use. Weaker associations were found for the less demanding 2-back task. We found no evidence to suggest frequent drinking was associated with performance on either task. Conclusions We found weak evidence of an association between sustained heavy alcohol use in mid-adolescence and impaired WM 3 years later. Although we cannot fully rule out the possibility of reverse causation, several potential confounding variables were included to address the directionality of the relationship between WM and alcohol use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Mahedy
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Matt Field
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Suzanne Gage
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Matt Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Priory Road, Bristol BS8 ITU, UK
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27
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Nguyen-Louie TT, Simmons AN, Squeglia LM, Alejandra Infante M, Schacht JP, Tapert SF. Earlier alcohol use onset prospectively predicts changes in functional connectivity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1041-1054. [PMID: 29306963 PMCID: PMC5871543 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Half of all new alcohol initiates are between 12 and 17 years old. This is a period of intense neurodevelopment, including changes in functional connectivity patterns among higher-order function areas. It is crucial to understand how alcohol-related neurotoxicity may be influenced by drinking onset age. DESIGN This study prospectively examined the effects of age of first drink on frontoparietal context-dependent functional connectivity (cdFC) during a visual working memory task. Youth 13.5 years of age (SD = 1.2) underwent a neuropsychological and neuroimaging session before drinking initiation and at follow-up 6 years later. Hierarchical linear regressions examined if youth with earlier ages of onset for first and weekly alcohol use showed higher follow-up cdFC between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex regions of interest and whole-brain exploratory regions, controlling for pre-drinking cdFC. Higher follow-up cdFC was hypothesized to be correlated with poorer performances in neuropsychological performance. RESULTS Exploratory whole-brain analyses showed that, as hypothesized, earlier ages of weekly drinking onset were associated with higher cdFC between the bilateral posterior cingulate and cortical and subcortical areas implicated in attentional processes, which was in turn associated with poorer performance on neuropsychological tasks of attention, ps < .05. No relationship between age of onset and cdFC between the two ROIs were found. CONCLUSION Earlier ages of weekly alcohol use initiation may adversely affect neurodevelopment by reducing developmentally appropriate integration of attentional circuits during a cognitive challenge. Delaying the onset of weekly alcohol use patterns well after early adolescence may reduce the risk for harm of alcohol use on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T Nguyen-Louie
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alan N Simmons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0603), La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M Alejandra Infante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0603), La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph P Schacht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0603), La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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28
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Casey BJ, Cannonier T, Conley MI, Cohen AO, Barch DM, Heitzeg MM, Soules ME, Teslovich T, Dellarco DV, Garavan H, Orr CA, Wager TD, Banich MT, Speer NK, Sutherland MT, Riedel MC, Dick AS, Bjork JM, Thomas KM, Chaarani B, Mejia MH, Hagler DJ, Daniela Cornejo M, Sicat CS, Harms MP, Dosenbach NUF, Rosenberg M, Earl E, Bartsch H, Watts R, Polimeni JR, Kuperman JM, Fair DA, Dale AM. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study: Imaging acquisition across 21 sites. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 32:43-54. [PMID: 29567376 PMCID: PMC5999559 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1038] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABCD study is recruiting and following the brain development and health of over 10,000 9–10 year olds through adolescence. The imaging component of the study was developed by the ABCD Data Analysis and Informatics Center (DAIC) and the ABCD Imaging Acquisition Workgroup. Imaging methods and assessments were selected, optimized and harmonized across all 21 sites to measure brain structure and function relevant to adolescent development and addiction. This article provides an overview of the imaging procedures of the ABCD study, the basis for their selection and preliminary quality assurance and results that provide evidence for the feasibility and age-appropriateness of procedures and generalizability of findings to the existent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Casey
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, United States; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psycholobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States.
| | | | - May I Conley
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, United States; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psycholobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
| | - Alexandra O Cohen
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psycholobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences and Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Mary E Soules
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Theresa Teslovich
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psycholobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
| | - Danielle V Dellarco
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psycholobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Catherine A Orr
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Marie T Banich
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Nicole K Speer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Matthew T Sutherland
- Departments of Physics and Psychology, Florida International University, United States
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Departments of Physics and Psychology, Florida International University, United States
| | - Anthony S Dick
- Departments of Physics and Psychology, Florida International University, United States
| | - James M Bjork
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
| | - Kathleen M Thomas
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Margie H Mejia
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - M Daniela Cornejo
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Chelsea S Sicat
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | | | - Eric Earl
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Oregon Health State University, United States
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Richard Watts
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Joshua M Kuperman
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Damien A Fair
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Oregon Health State University, United States
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
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29
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Spear LP. Effects of adolescent alcohol consumption on the brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 2018; 19:197-214. [PMID: 29467469 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2018.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Per occasion, alcohol consumption is higher in adolescents than in adults in both humans and laboratory animals, with changes in the adolescent brain probably contributing to this elevated drinking. This Review examines the contributors to and consequences of the use of alcohol in adolescents. Human adolescents with a history of alcohol use differ neurally and cognitively from other adolescents; some of these differences predate the commencement of alcohol consumption and serve as potential risk factors for later alcohol use, whereas others emerge from its use. The consequences of alcohol use in human adolescents include alterations in attention, verbal learning, visuospatial processing and memory, along with altered development of grey and white matter volumes and disrupted white matter integrity. The functional consequences of adolescent alcohol use emerging from studies of rodent models of adolescence include decreased cognitive flexibility, behavioural inefficiencies and elevations in anxiety, disinhibition, impulsivity and risk-taking. Rodent studies have also showed that adolescent alcohol use can impair neurogenesis, induce neuroinflammation and epigenetic alterations, and lead to the persistence of adolescent-like neurobehavioural phenotypes into adulthood. Although only a limited number of studies have examined comparable measures in humans and laboratory animals, the available data provide evidence for notable across-species similarities in the neural consequences of adolescent alcohol exposure, providing support for further translational efforts in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda P Spear
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center (DEARC) and Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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30
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Newman E, Jernigan TL, Lisdahl KM, Tamm L, Tapert SF, Potkin SG, Mathalon D, Molina B, Bjork J, Castellanos FX, Swanson J, Kuperman JM, Bartsch H, Chen CH, Dale AM, Epstein JN. Go/No Go task performance predicts cortical thickness in the caudal inferior frontal gyrus in young adults with and without ADHD. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:880-92. [PMID: 26404018 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Response inhibition deficits are widely believed to be at the core of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Several studies have examined neural architectural correlates of ADHD, but research directly examining structural correlates of response inhibition is lacking. Here we examine the relationship between response inhibition as measured by a Go/No Go task, and cortical surface area and thickness of the caudal inferior frontal gyrus (cIFG), a region implicated in functional imaging studies of response inhibition, in a sample of 114 young adults with and without ADHD diagnosed initially during childhood. We used multiple linear regression models to test the hypothesis that Go/No Go performance would be associated with cIFG surface area or thickness. Results showed that poorer Go/No Go performance was associated with thicker cIFG cortex, and this effect was not mediated by ADHD status or history of substance use. However, independent of Go/No Go performance, persistence of ADHD symptoms and more frequent cannabis use were associated with thinner cIFG. Go/No Go performance was not associated with cortical surface area. The association between poor inhibitory functioning and thicker cIFG suggests that maturation of this region may differ in low performing participants. An independent association of persistent ADHD symptoms and frequent cannabis use with thinner cIFG cortex suggests that distinct neural mechanisms within this region may play a role in inhibitory function, broader ADHD symptomatology, and cannabis use. These results contribute to Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) by revealing novel associations between neural architectural phenotypes and basic neurobehavioral processes measured dimensionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Newman
- Center for Human Development, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0115, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0115, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Leanne Tamm
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James Bjork
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - F Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - James Swanson
- The Child Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M Kuperman
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery N Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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31
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Sherman L, Steinberg L, Chein J. Connecting brain responsivity and real-world risk taking: Strengths and limitations of current methodological approaches. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 33:27-41. [PMID: 28774477 PMCID: PMC5745301 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the goal of limiting health risk behaviors in adolescence, a growing literature investigates whether individual differences in functional brain responses can be related to vulnerability to engage in risky decision-making. We review this body of work, investigate when and in what way findings converge, and provide best practice recommendations. We identified 23 studies that examined individual differences in brain responsivity and adolescent risk taking. Findings varied widely in terms of the neural regions identified as relating to risky behavior. This heterogeneity is likely due to the abundance of approaches used to assess risk taking, and to the disparity of fMRI tasks. Indeed, brain-behavior correlations were typically found in regions showing a main effect of task. However, results from a test of publication bias suggested that region of interest approaches lacked evidential value. The findings suggest that neural factors differentiating riskier teens are not localized to a single region. Therefore, approaches that utilize data from the entire brain, particularly in predictive analyses, may yield more reliable and applicable results. We discuss several decision points that researchers should consider when designing a study, and emphasize the importance of precise research questions that move beyond a general desire to address adolescent risk taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Sherman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, United States.
| | | | - Jason Chein
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, United States
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Alcohol-induced performance impairment: a 5-year re-examination study in heavy and light drinkers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1749-1759. [PMID: 28280882 PMCID: PMC5479325 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The theory of behavioral tolerance to alcohol posits that greater experience with drinking to intoxication leads to less impaired cognitive and psychomotor performance. However, the degree to which behavioral tolerance develops or changes over time in adults due to repeated heavy alcohol drinking has not been clearly demonstrated. METHOD We examined data from the first 6 years of the Chicago Social Drinking Project to test whether chronic heavy drinkers (HDs; n = 86) and light drinkers (LDs; n = 69) exhibit behavioral tolerance or changes in perceived impairment at two testing phases in early adulthood. Tasks were the Grooved Pegboard and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) given at initial testing and then repeated in a re-examination phase 5 years later. Alcohol (0.8 g/kg) and placebo were administered at separate sessions in each phase for a total of 620 individual laboratory sessions. RESULTS HDs exhibited less impairment over time on the Pegboard task but not on the DSST, while LDs did not exhibit behavioral tolerance on either task. HDs reported persistently lower perceived impairment compared to LDs. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that behavioral tolerance in HDs is evident over time on rote fine motor skills (Pegboard) but not more complex skills integrating motor speed, encoding, and short-term memory (DSST). The results have implications for our understanding of alcohol-induced impairments across neurobehavioral processes in heavy drinkers and their ongoing risks for alcohol-related consequences over time.
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Kashfi K, Fang D, Hou J, Al-Khalil K, Anderson R, Syapin PJ, O’Boyle MW. Spatial Attention in Binge-Drinking and Moderate-Drinking College Students: An fMRI Investigation. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2017.1322429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kashfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Dan Fang
- Human Development and Family Studies, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jiancheng Hou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kareem Al-Khalil
- Human Development and Family Studies, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Ron Anderson
- Department of Math and Computer Science, Thiel College, Greenville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter J. Syapin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Michael W. O’Boyle
- Human Development and Family Studies, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Kim-Spoon J, Kahn RE, Lauharatanahirun N, Deater-Deckard K, Bickel WK, Chiu PH, King-Casas B. Executive functioning and substance use in adolescence: Neurobiological and behavioral perspectives. Neuropsychologia 2017; 100:79-92. [PMID: 28416327 PMCID: PMC5518609 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current review is guided by the theoretical perspective that emphasizes the regulating role of executive functioning (Carver et al., 2009) and presents studies that elucidate the ways that executive functioning (inhibition and working memory) explain individual differences in adolescent substance use independently or by regulating the reactive system (reward and punishment sensitivity). Behavioral studies indicate that main effects of executive functioning on adolescent substance use are often nonsignificant or weak in effect sizes. In contrast, emerging evidence suggests consistent and stronger regulating effects of executive functioning over reward and punishment sensitivity. Functional neuroimaging studies reveal significant associations between executive functioning task-related hemodynamic responses and substance use with strong effect sizes. There is also direct evidence from studies testing statistical interactions of the regulating effects of EF-related brain activation, and indirect evidence in studies examining functional connectivity, temporal discounting, and reinforced control. We note key future directions and ways to address limitations in existing work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel E Kahn
- Sand Ridge Secure Treatment Center, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nina Lauharatanahirun
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Warren K Bickel
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Pearl H Chiu
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Brooks King-Casas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, United States
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Meruelo AD, Castro N, Cota CI, Tapert SF. Cannabis and alcohol use, and the developing brain. Behav Brain Res 2017; 325:44-50. [PMID: 28223098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones and white (and grey) matter in the limbic system, cortex and other brain regions undergo changes during adolescence. Some of these changes include ongoing white matter myelination and sexually dimorphic features in grey and white matter. Adolescence is also a period of vulnerability when many are first exposed to alcohol and cannabis, which appear to influence the developing brain. Neuropsychological studies have provided considerable understanding of the effects of alcohol and cannabis on the brain. Advances in neuroimaging have allowed examination of neuroanatomic changes, metabolic and neurotransmitter activity, and neuronal activation during adolescent brain development and substance use. In this review, we examine major differences in brain development between users and non-users, and recent findings on the influence of cannabis and alcohol on the adolescent brain. We also discuss associations that appear to resolve following short-term abstinence, and attentional deficits that appear to persist. These findings can be useful in guiding earlier educational interventions for adolescents, and clarifying the neural sequelae of early alcohol and cannabis use to the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Meruelo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive, CA La Jolla 92093, USA.
| | - N Castro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive, CA La Jolla 92093, USA.
| | - C I Cota
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive, CA La Jolla 92093, USA.
| | - S F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive, CA La Jolla 92093, USA.
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36
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Kim B, Shin WS, Kim MK, Lee SH. White matter microstructural changes are associated with alcohol use in patients with panic disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 199:65-72. [PMID: 27085658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A close relationship between panic disorder (PD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been suggested. We aimed to investigate alterations in white matter (WM) volume or integrity in patients with PD comorbid with AUD. METHODS Forty-nine patients with PD, free of comorbid AUD (PD-AUD), and 20 patients with PD comorbid with AUD (PD+AUD) were investigated. All subjects were assessed using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-Revised (ASI-R), Beck Depression Inventory, and CAGE questionnaire. Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics were used for imaging analysis. RESULTS Increased fractional anisotropy (FA), as well as decreased mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity were observed in multiple WM tracts, including the body and splenium of the corpus callosum and the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule, in the PD+AUD group compared to the PD-AUD group. CAGE scores in the PD+AUD group and ASI-R scores in the PD-AUD group were significantly correlated with FA values for the corpus callosum. No WM volume differences were found. LIMITATIONS The present study should be considered preliminary due to relatively small sample size. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed microstructural changes in multiple WM tracts, including the corpus callosum and internal capsule, suggesting they could be significant neural correlates of AUD in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Shin
- CHA University, School of Medicine, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Silveri MM, Dager AD, Cohen-Gilbert JE, Sneider JT. Neurobiological signatures associated with alcohol and drug use in the human adolescent brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:244-259. [PMID: 27377691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques provide opportunities to non-invasively characterize neurobiological milestones of adolescent brain development. Juxtaposed to the critical finalization of brain development is initiation of alcohol and substance use, and increased frequency and quantity of use, patterns that can lead to abuse and addiction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of existing MR studies of adolescent alcohol and drug users. The most common alterations reported across substance used and MR modalities are in the frontal lobe (63% of published studies). This is not surprising, given that this is the last region to reach neurobiological adulthood. Comparatively, evidence is less consistent regarding alterations in regions that mature earlier (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus), however newer techniques now permit investigations beyond regional approaches that are uncovering network-level vulnerabilities. Regardless of whether neurobiological signatures exist prior to the initiation of use, this body of work provides important direction for ongoing prospective investigations of adolescent brain development, and the significant impact of alcohol and substance use on the brain during the second decade of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alecia D Dager
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia E Cohen-Gilbert
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer T Sneider
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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38
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Boelema SR, Harakeh Z, van Zandvoort MJE, Reijneveld SA, Verhulst FC, Ormel J, Vollebergh WAM. Executive functioning before and after onset of alcohol use disorder in adolescence. A TRAILS study. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 78:78-85. [PMID: 27086184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to investigate whether executive functioning (EF) in early adolescence predicted alcohol use disorder (AUD) in late adolescence and whether adolescents with AUD differed in maturation of EF from controls without a diagnosis. METHODS We used the data from the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a cohort of 2230 Dutch adolescents. Working memory, inhibition, and attention were measured at ages 11 and 19. At age 19, lifetime DSM-IV diagnoses were determined, resulting in a control group (n = 1111) and two AUD groups, i.e., alcohol abusers (n = 381) and alcohol dependents (n = 51). Regression analyses assessed whether EF at age 11 predicted the transition to AUD in late adolescence and whether AUD affected maturation of EF from age 11 to 19. RESULTS EF in early adolescence did not predict AUD in late adolescence. A significant interaction effect emerged between gender and alcohol dependence for shift attention (β = 0.12, SE=0.36), with girls showing smaller maturational rates. This effect remained significant after controlling for alcohol intake (ages 16 and 19) and comorbid psychiatric disorders. DISCUSSION Our results do not replicate the finding that EF in early adolescence is a significant predictor of AUD in late adolescence. Furthermore, for the majority of tasks, adolescents with AUD do not differ in EF maturation over the course of adolescence. Alcohol dependent girls however, show less maturation of shift attention. This is independent of the quantity of alcohol intake, which could suggest that non-normative maturation of EF is associated with the behavioural components of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai R Boelema
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Zeena Harakeh
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J E van Zandvoort
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.125, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 96, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Ormel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE); P.O. Box 30.001, Hospital Mail Address CC72, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma A M Vollebergh
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Fishbein DH, Rose EJ, Darcey VL, Belcher AM, VanMeter JW. Neurodevelopmental Precursors and Consequences of Substance Use during Adolescence: Promises and Pitfalls of Longitudinal Neuroimaging Strategies. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:296. [PMID: 27445743 PMCID: PMC4919318 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive and emotional regulatory deficits in substance users are often attributed to misuse; however most studies do not include a substance-naïve baseline to justify that conclusion. The etiological literature suggests that pre-existing deficits may contribute to the onset and escalation of use that are then exacerbated by subsequent use. To address this, there is burgeoning interest in conducting prospective, longitudinal neuroimaging studies to isolate neurodevelopmental precursors and consequences of adolescent substance misuse, as reflected in recent initiatives such as the NIH-led Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment (NCANDA). To distinguish neurodevelopmental precursors from the consequences of adolescent substance use specifically, prospective, longitudinal neuroimaging studies with substance-naïve pre-adolescents are needed. The exemplar described in this article—i.e., the ongoing Adolescent Development Study (ADS)—used a targeted recruitment strategy to bolster the numbers of pre-adolescent individuals who were at increased risk of substance use (i.e., “high-risk”) in a sample that was relatively small for longitudinal studies of similar phenomena, but historically large for neuroimaging (i.e., N = 135; 11–13 years of age). At baseline participants underwent MRI testing and a large complement of cognitive and behavioral assessments along with genetics, stress physiology and interviews. The study methods include repeating these measures at three time points (i.e., baseline/Wave 1, Wave 2 and Wave 3), 18 months apart. In this article, rather than outlining specific study outcomes, we describe the breadth of the numerous complexities and challenges involved in conducting this type of prospective, longitudinal neuroimaging study and “lessons learned” for subsequent efforts are discussed. While these types of large longitudinal neuroimaging studies present a number of logistical and scientific challenges, the wealth of information obtained about the precursors and consequences of adolescent substance use provides unique insights into the neurobiological bases for adolescent substance use that will lay the groundwork for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana H Fishbein
- Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center and The Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emma J Rose
- Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center and The Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
| | - Valerie L Darcey
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging (CFMI), Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA
| | - Annabelle M Belcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John W VanMeter
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging (CFMI), Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA
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Kyzar EJ, Floreani C, Teppen TL, Pandey SC. Adolescent Alcohol Exposure: Burden of Epigenetic Reprogramming, Synaptic Remodeling, and Adult Psychopathology. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:222. [PMID: 27303256 PMCID: PMC4885838 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence represents a crucial phase of synaptic maturation characterized by molecular changes in the developing brain that shape normal behavioral patterns. Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in these neuromaturation processes. Perturbations of normal epigenetic programming during adolescence by ethanol can disrupt these molecular events, leading to synaptic remodeling and abnormal adult behaviors. Repeated exposure to binge levels of alcohol increases the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and comorbid psychopathology including anxiety in adulthood. Recent studies in the field clearly suggest that adolescent alcohol exposure causes widespread and persistent changes in epigenetic, neurotrophic, and neuroimmune pathways in the brain. These changes are manifested by altered synaptic remodeling and neurogenesis in key brain regions leading to adult psychopathology such as anxiety and alcoholism. This review details the molecular mechanisms underlying adolescent alcohol exposure-induced changes in synaptic plasticity and the development of alcohol addiction-related phenotypes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Kyzar
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Christina Floreani
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Tara L Teppen
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Subhash C Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA; Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL, USA
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41
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Liu T, Li JJ, Zhao ZY, Yang GS, Pan MJ, Li CQ, Pan SY, Chen F. Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Betel Quid Dependence: A Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2638. [PMID: 26844480 PMCID: PMC4748897 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested by the first voxel-based morphometry investigation that betel quid dependence (BQD) individuals are presented with brain structural changes in previous reports, and there may be a neurobiological basis for BQD individuals related to an increased risk of executive dysfunction and disinhibition, subjected to the reward system, cognitive system, and emotion system. However, the effects of BQD on neural activity remain largely unknown. Individuals with impaired cognitive control of behavior often reveal altered spontaneous cerebral activity in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and those changes are usually earlier than structural alteration.Here, we examined BQD individuals (n = 33) and age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy control participants (n = 32) in an resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study to observe brain function alterations associated with the severity of BQD. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) values were both evaluated to stand for spontaneous cerebral activity. Gray matter volumes of these participants were also calculated for covariate.In comparison with healthy controls, BQD individuals demonstrated dramatically decreased ALFF and ReHo values in the prefrontal gurus along with left fusiform, and increased ALFF and ReHo values in the primary motor cortex area, temporal lobe as well as some regions of occipital lobe. The betel quid dependence scores (BQDS) were negatively related to decreased activity in the right anterior cingulate.The abnormal spontaneous cerebral activity revealed by ALFF and ReHo calculation excluding the structural differences in patients with BQD may help us probe into the neurological pathophysiology underlying BQD-related executive dysfunction and disinhibition. Diminished spontaneous brain activity in the right anterior cingulate cortex may, therefore, represent a biomarker of BQD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou (TL, GY, SP); Department of Neurology (TL, ZZ); and Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, China (JL, MP, CL, FC) in this site
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Lipids and Oxidative Stress Associated with Ethanol-Induced Neurological Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1543809. [PMID: 26949445 PMCID: PMC4753689 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1543809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The excessive intake of alcohol is a serious public health problem, especially given the severe damage provoked by chronic or prenatal exposure to alcohol that affects many physiological processes, such as memory, motor function, and cognitive abilities. This damage is related to the ethanol oxidation in the brain. The metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde and then to acetate is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species that accentuate the oxidative state of cells. This metabolism of ethanol can induce the oxidation of the fatty acids in phospholipids, and the bioactive aldehydes produced are known to be associated with neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. As such, here we will review the role of lipids in the neuronal damage induced by ethanol-related oxidative stress and the role that lipids play in the related compensatory or defense mechanisms.
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Cortés-Tomás MT, Giménez-Costa JA, Motos-Sellés P, Sancerni-Beitia MD. Different versions of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as screening instruments for underage binge drinking. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 158:52-9. [PMID: 26616473 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The changes experienced in recent years in the conceptualization of binge drinking (BD) make it necessary to revise the usefulness of the existing instruments for its detection among minors. The AUDIT and its abbreviated versions have shown their utility in different populations and consumption ranges, but there has been little research into their use in the detection of BD among adolescents. This study tests the capacity of the AUDIT, AUDIT-C and AUDIT-3 to identify BD adolescents, indicating the optimal cut-off points for each sex. METHODS High school students self-administered the AUDIT and completed a weekly self-report of their alcohol intake. BD is classified into different groups according to parameters like the quantity consumed and its frequency in the past six months, adjusting the cut-off points for each case. RESULTS The results obtained with a sample of 634 adolescents (15-17 years old/52.2% female) indicate that cut-off points of 4 on the AUDIT and 3 on the AUDIT-C show the best fit. Dividing the sample by sexes, the AUDIT and the AUDIT-C would detect BD males with scores of 5 and 4, respectively (with the AUDIT-C being more sensitive), and BD females with a score of 3 on both (the more sensitive being the AUDIT). CONCLUSIONS All three versions are adequate to classify BD adolescents but none of them made it possible to safely differentiate binge drinkers with different consumption intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia Motos-Sellés
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Sancerni-Beitia
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Differential Effects of Alcohol Consumption Behaviours on Working Memory Processes. JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS 2015. [DOI: 10.5334/jeps.dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Neuroscience of alcohol for addiction medicine: Neurobiological targets for prevention and intervention in adolescents. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 223:215-35. [PMID: 26806778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural and functional neuroimaging studies indicate that heavy alcohol use during adolescence may be neurotoxic to the brain. This chapter reviews the neuroimaging findings in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of adolescent heavy alcohol users. These youth exhibit reductions in prefrontal, hippocampal, and cerebellar brain volume, decreased frontoparietal, and increased frontolimbic white matter integrity, as well as alterations in blood oxygen level-dependent response during working memory, inhibitory control, verbal encoding, decision making, and reward processing-some of which appear to differ between males and females. Although some exist, additional longitudinal studies will significantly advance addiction medicine by aiding prevention scientists and treatment providers to develop neurobiologically informed ways of strengthening neural networks prior to and after the onset of heavy alcohol use, thereby promoting healthy cognitive functioning across the adolescent period.
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Filbey FM, McQueeny T, DeWitt SJ, Mishra V. Preliminary findings demonstrating latent effects of early adolescent marijuana use onset on cortical architecture. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 16:16-22. [PMID: 26507433 PMCID: PMC4691364 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Early onset MJ use was associated with different patterns of cortical architecture. Early vs. late onset divergence was in brain regions underlying higher-order cognition. Findings were above and beyond effects of alcohol and current age.
Background As the most commonly used illicit substance during early adolescence, long-term or latent effects of early adolescent marijuana use across adolescent developmental processes remain to be determined. Methods We examined cortical thickness, gray/white matter border contrast (GWR) and local gyrification index (LGI) in 42 marijuana (MJ) users. Voxelwise regressions assessed early-onset (age <16) vs. late-onset (≥16 years-old) differences and relationships to continued use while controlling for current age and alcohol use. Results Although groups did not differ by onset status, groups diverged in their correlations between cannabis use and cortical architecture. Among early-onset users, continued years of MJ use and current MJ consumption were associated with thicker cortex, increased GWR and decreased LGI. Late-onset users exhibited the opposite pattern. This divergence was observed in all three morphological measures in the anterior dorsolateral frontal cortex (p < .05, FWE-corrected). Conclusions Divergent patterns between current MJ use and elements of cortical architecture were associated with early MJ use onset. Considering brain development in early adolescence, findings are consistent with disruptions in pruning. However, divergence with continued use for many years thereafter suggests altered trajectories of brain maturation during late adolescence and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, United States.
| | - Tim McQueeny
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, United States
| | - Samuel J DeWitt
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, United States
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Meng Y, Deng W, Wang H, Guo W, Li T. The prefrontal dysfunction in individuals with Internet gaming disorder: a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Addict Biol 2015; 20:799-808. [PMID: 24889021 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement in high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology and automated analysis, studies on functional MRI (fMRI) made it possible to identify the functional activity of brain in vivo in individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and to explore the underpinning neuroscience basis of IGD. Yet, no available literature has systemically reviewed the fMRI studies of IGD using meta-analyses. This study reviewed 61 candidate articles and finally selected 10 qualified voxel-wise whole-brain analysis studies for performing a comprehensive series of meta-analyses employing effect size signed differential mapping approach. Compared with healthy controls, subjects with IGD showed a significant activation in the bilateral medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and the left cingulate gyrus, as well as the left medial temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus. Furthermore, the on-line time of IGD subjects was positively correlated with activations in the left MFG and the right cingulated gyrus. These findings implicate the important role of dysfunctional prefrontal lobe in the neuropathological mechanism of IGD. Considering the overlapped role of prefrontal lobe in the reward and self-regulatory system, our results provided supportive evidence for the reclassification of IGD as a behavioural addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Meng
- Mental Health Center; West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Psychiatric Genetics Laboratory; Biotherapy State Key Laboratory; West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Wei Deng
- Mental Health Center; West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Psychiatric Genetics Laboratory; Biotherapy State Key Laboratory; West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Huiyao Wang
- Mental Health Center; West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Mental Health Center; West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Psychiatric Genetics Laboratory; Biotherapy State Key Laboratory; West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center; West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Psychiatric Genetics Laboratory; Biotherapy State Key Laboratory; West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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Jacobus J, Squeglia LM, Infante MA, Castro N, Brumback T, Meruelo AD, Tapert SF. Neuropsychological performance in adolescent marijuana users with co-occurring alcohol use: A three-year longitudinal study. Neuropsychology 2015; 29:829-843. [PMID: 25938918 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of adolescent marijuana use on brain development remains unclear despite relaxing legal restrictions, decreased perceived harm, and increasing use rates among youth. The aim of this 3-year prospective study was to evaluate the long-term neurocognitive effects of adolescent marijuana use. METHOD Adolescent marijuana users with concomitant alcohol use (MJ + ALC, n = 49) and control teens with limited substance use histories (CON, n = 59) were given neuropsychological and substance use assessments at project baseline, when they were ages 16-19. They were then reassessed 18 and 36 months later. Changes in neuropsychological measures were evaluated with repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for lifetime alcohol use, and examined the effects of group, time, and group by time interactions on cognitive functioning. RESULTS MJ + ALC users performed significantly worse than controls, across time points, in the domains of complex attention, memory, processing speed, and visuospatial functioning (ps <.05). Earlier age of marijuana use onset was associated with poorer processing speed and executive functioning by the 3-year follow-up (ps ≤.02). CONCLUSIONS Frequent marijuana use throughout adolescence and into young adulthood appeared linked to worsened cognitive performance. Earlier age of onset appears to be associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes that emerge by young adulthood, providing further support for the notion that the brain may be uniquely sensitive to frequent marijuana exposure during the adolescent phase of neurodevelopment. Continued follow-up of adolescent marijuana users will determine the extent of neural recovery that may occur if use abates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Norma Castro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego
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Saalfield J, Spear L. Consequences of repeated ethanol exposure during early or late adolescence on conditioned taste aversions in rats. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 16:174-182. [PMID: 25698309 PMCID: PMC4512940 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol (AIE) resulted in attenuated CTA in adulthood. AIE in late adolescence resulted in greater CTA attenuation 2 days post-exposure. All AIE animals were equally insensitive when tested 3 weeks post-exposure. No metabolic tolerance was noted following AIE. AIE results in a decreased sensitivity to aversive effects of ethanol in adulthood.
Alcohol use is prevalent during adolescence, yet little is known about possible long-lasting consequences. Recent evidence suggests that adolescents are less sensitive than adults to ethanol's aversive effects, an insensitivity that may be retained into adulthood after repeated adolescent ethanol exposure. This study assessed whether intermittent ethanol exposure during early or late adolescence (early-AIE or late-AIE, respectively) would affect ethanol conditioned taste aversions 2 days (CTA1) and >3 weeks (CTA2) post-exposure using supersaccharin and saline as conditioning stimuli (CS), respectively. Pair-housed male Sprague-Dawley rats received 4 g/kg i.g. ethanol (25%) or water every 48 h from postnatal day (P) 25–45 (early AIE) or P45-65 (late AIE), or were left non-manipulated (NM). During conditioning, 30 min home cage access to the CS was followed by 0, 1, 1.5, 2 or 2.5 g/kg ethanol i.p., with testing 2 days later. Attenuated CTA relative to controls was seen among early and late AIE animals at both CTA1 and CTA2, an effect particularly pronounced at CTA1 after late AIE. Thus, adolescent exposure to ethanol was found to induce an insensitivity to ethanol CTA seen soon after exposure and lasting into adulthood, and evident with ethanol exposures not only early but also later in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Saalfield
- Binghamton University, Psychology Department, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States.
| | - Linda Spear
- Binghamton University, Psychology Department, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
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Spear LP. Adolescent alcohol exposure: Are there separable vulnerable periods within adolescence? Physiol Behav 2015; 148:122-30. [PMID: 25624108 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There are two key alcohol use patterns among human adolescents that confer increased vulnerability for later alcohol abuse/dependence, along with neurocognitive alterations: (a) early initiation of use during adolescence, and (b) high rates of binge drinking that are particularly prevalent late in adolescence. The central thesis of this review is that lasting neurobehavioral outcomes of these two adolescent exposure patterns may differ. Although it is difficult to disentangle consequences of early use from later binge drinking in human studies given the substantial overlap between groups, these two types of problematic adolescent use are differentially heritable and hence separable to some extent. Although few studies using animal models have manipulated alcohol exposure age, those studies that have have typically observed timing-specific exposure effects, with more marked (or at least different patterns of) lasting consequences evident after exposures during early-mid adolescence than late-adolescence/emerging adulthood, and effects often restricted to male rats in those few instances where sex differences have been explored. As one example, adult male rats exposed to ethanol during early-mid adolescence (postnatal days [P] 25-45) were found to be socially anxious and to retain adolescent-typical ethanol-induced social facilitation into adulthood, effects that were not evident after exposure during late-adolescence/emerging adulthood (P45-65); exposure at the later interval, however, induced lasting tolerance to ethanol's social inhibitory effects that was not evident after exposure early in adolescence. Females, in contrast, were little influenced by ethanol exposure at either interval. Exposure timing effects have likewise been reported following social isolation as well as after repeated exposure to other drugs such as nicotine (and cannabinoids), with effects often, although not always, more pronounced in males where studied. Consistent with these timing-specific exposure effects, notable maturational changes in brain have been observed from early to late adolescence that could provide differential neural substrates for exposure timing-related consequences, with for instance exposure during early adolescence perhaps more likely to impact later self-administration and social/affective behaviors, whereas exposures later in adolescence may be more likely to influence cognitive tasks whose neural substrates (such as the prefrontal cortex [PFC]) are still undergoing maturation at that time. More work is needed, however to characterize timing-specific effects of adolescent ethanol exposures and their sex dependency, determine their neural substrates, and assess their comparability to and interactions with adolescent exposure to other drugs and stressors. Such information could prove critical for informing intervention/prevention strategies regarding the potential efficacy of efforts directed toward delaying onset of alcohol use versus toward reducing high levels of use and risks associated with that use later in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Patia Spear
- Developmental Ethanol Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States.
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