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Nagle-Yang S, Lebin LG, Standeven LR, Howard M, Toscano M. Reproductive psychiatry training: A critical component of access to perinatal mental health treatment. Semin Perinatol 2024; 48:151949. [PMID: 39089902 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Perinatal Mental Health Disorders (PMHDs) pose significant challenges to the well-being of perinatal individuals, infants, and families. Despite their prevalence and impact, PMHDs often go undetected and untreated due to gaps in clinician education and training. This manuscript reviews the current state of perinatal mental health training, identifies emerging initiatives, and discusses innovative models of care aimed at enhancing the clinical preparedness of healthcare providers. Key findings highlight disparities in PMHD detection and treatment, the need for standardized education across disciplines, and the role of interdisciplinary collaboration in improving care outcomes. The manuscript emphasizes the urgency of prioritizing reproductive psychiatry education to mitigate the adverse effects of PMHDs on maternal and infant health. By standardizing education and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, we can ensure that all perinatal individuals receive the care they need to thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nagle-Yang
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1890 North Revere Court Suite 5003, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Teruyama R, Govar AA. Role of sexually dimorphic oxytocin receptor-expressing neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus on maternal behavior. Peptides 2024; 180:171283. [PMID: 39142352 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide produced by magnocellular neurosecretory neurons located primarily in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The long axons of these neurons project to the neurohypophysis where oxytocin is released into the general circulation in response to the physiological demands. Oxytocin plays critical roles in female reproductive physiology, specifically in uterine contraction during labor and milk ejection while nursing. Oxytocin is also called "the love hormone" due to its modulatory roles in prosocial behaviors, including social recognition, maternal behavior, and pair bonding. Oxytocin influences behaviors by binding to oxytocin receptors (OXTR) located in various parts of the brain. Previously, we discovered a group of estrogen-dependent OXTR neurons that is exclusively present in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of females but not of males. The female-specific expression of OXTR in the AVPV is a rare case of neurochemically-demonstrated, all-or-none sexual dimorphism in the brain. In this review, the cellular characterization and functional significance of the sexually dimorphic OXTR neurons in the AVPV as well as the clinical implications of the research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Teruyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, LA, USA.
| | - Armita A Govar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, LA, USA.
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Schmidt-Hantke J, Vollert B, Nacke B, Hagner F, Brüderl H, Jacobi C. PandaMom - Feasibility and acceptability of an internet- and mobile-based intervention to enhance peripartum mental well-being and to prevent postpartum depression. Internet Interv 2024; 37:100765. [PMID: 39224667 PMCID: PMC11367520 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2024.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mental disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period can have far-reaching consequences. To enhance peripartum mental well-being and prevent peripartum mental disorders, internet- and mobile-based interventions appear promising. They can overcome help-seeking barriers associated with face-to-face conditions and have proven to be effective. However, previous findings are scarce and mixed. The primary objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an internet-based program aimed at enhancing peripartum mental well-being and preventing postpartum depression. Methods In total, 149 pregnant, German-speaking women were assigned to the internet-based intervention PandaMom. The program comprises a total of 10 basic and supplementary modules related to pregnancy and postpartum, based on cognitive-behavioral principles. Additionally, PandaMom offers professional, individualized guidance and a moderated group-chat. Assessments were conducted at baseline (pre-intervention), as well as two and five weeks postpartum. The primary outcomes included feasibility, user satisfaction, and adherence to the intervention. Secondary outcomes included depressive symptomatology, anxiety and stress. Results PandaMom was found to be feasible, and evaluation of module content and length satisfaction indicated that the intervention was well accepted. Nearly half of the participants utilized the guidance service by responding to individual messages from their intervention moderator. Regarding working alliance, participants reported a strong bond with their intervention moderator. Of the 149 participants, 132 logged into the platform at least once. 113 participants accessed at least one module, with an average of 4.7 modules opened per participant. However, only 16 participants completed the basic modules. Conclusion The findings of this study support previous evidence that internet-and mobile-based interventions are feasible and acceptable during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Further research is needed to address the challenge of low adherence and to evaluate the efficacy of PandaMom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schmidt-Hantke
- TU Dresden, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Clinical Psychology and E-Mental Health, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bianka Vollert
- TU Dresden, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Clinical Psychology and E-Mental Health, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Nacke
- TU Dresden, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Clinical Psychology and E-Mental Health, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Hagner
- TU Dresden, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Clinical Psychology and E-Mental Health, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannah Brüderl
- TU Dresden, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Clinical Psychology and E-Mental Health, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Corinna Jacobi
- TU Dresden, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Clinical Psychology and E-Mental Health, Chemnitzer Str. 46a, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Riem MME, Perrykkad K, Watson SJ, Wynter K, van IJzendoorn MH, Galbally M. The role of lack of grandparental support in perinatal depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 360:198-205. [PMID: 38788855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low social support has been identified as a risk factor for perinatal mental health problems. However, previous studies mainly focused on partner support or general social support and neglected the roles of grandparents. Here, we examine whether a lack of grandparental support is related to increased risk of a diagnosis of perinatal depression. In addition, we examine whether poor grandparental support is related to more depressive symptoms in mothers with and without previously diagnosed perinatal depression and whether perceived grandparental support buffers against parenting difficulties in mothers with perinatal depression. METHODS The sample was drawn from an Australian pregnancy cohort study and consisted of 725 women, including 230 women who met criteria for Major Depression. At 12 months postpartum, women reported on grandparental geographical proximity and hours of grandparental childcare support. Perceived grandparental support was assessed with the Postpartum Social Support Questionnaire and parenting difficulties and depressive symptoms with the Parenting Stress Index and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. RESULTS Perceived grandparental support was related to fewer depressive symptoms among mothers with perinatal depression. In addition, higher levels of perceived grandparental support were related to lower parenting stress in mothers with and without perinatal depression. LIMITATIONS Intergenerational conflicts and quality of grandparenting were not assessed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that supportive grandparents may prevent the development of more severe perinatal depression in mothers experiencing perinatal mental health problems. Future studies should examine whether involving grandparents in treatment may add to the effectiveness of existing perinatal mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon M E Riem
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kelsey Perrykkad
- Centre for Women's and Children's Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J Watson
- Centre for Women's and Children's Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Karen Wynter
- Centre for Women's and Children's Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Centre for Women's and Children's Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan Galbally
- Centre for Women's and Children's Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
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Matovina CN, Sakowicz A, Allen EC, Alvarado-Goldberg MI, Millan D, Miller ES. The association between postpartum depressive symptoms and contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 231:334.e1-334.e5. [PMID: 38552816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression affects 10% to 20% of birthing people and is associated with changes in healthcare use. Little is known about the association between postpartum depressive symptoms and choice to use contraception; however, both untreated or undertreated depression and short interpregnancy intervals pose substantial perinatal health risks. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate whether postpartum depressive symptoms are associated with changes in decisions to use any method of contraception. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included birthing people who delivered between 2017 and 2022 and were referred to a collaborative care program for mental healthcare. Through this program, birthing people with mental health conditions have access to specialized perinatal mental healthcare and prospective symptom monitoring via a patient registry. Postpartum depressive symptoms are assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and scores were stratified by severity according to clinical cutoffs. Contraceptive method choice was determined by documentation in the electronic health record and dichotomized as "none" if the participant declined all forms of contraception both at delivery and at the postpartum visit. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS Of the 1871 participants that met the inclusion criteria, 160 (8.5%) had postpartum Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores of >14, representing moderately severe or worse depressive symptoms, and 43 (2.3%) had severe (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 of >19) depressive symptoms. Birthing people with higher Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores were more likely to have medical comorbidities; to have a higher body mass index; to self-identify as Black, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, or Hispanic or Latina; and to have a preterm delivery and less likely to be married or nulliparous than those with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores of ≤14. There was no difference in any other sociodemographic or clinical characteristics. The choice to use any contraceptive method decreased with increasing depressive symptoms in bivariable and multivariable analyses, reaching statistical significance in birthing people with severe depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, 2.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-5.84). CONCLUSION Severe perinatal depressive symptoms are associated with a declination of any form of postpartum contraception. This finding becomes increasingly relevant as abortion access continues to be threatened across the United States, compounding the potential effect of opting not to use contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe N Matovina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
| | - Allie Sakowicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Emma C Allen
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | | | - Danielle Millan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Emily S Miller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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Cattarinussi G, Segre G, Biaggi A, Hazelgrove K, Sambataro F, Russo M, Lawrence A, Fusté M, Mehta MA, Seneviratne G, Craig MC, Miele M, Pawlby S, Conroy S, Pariante CM, Dazzan P. Neuropsychological performance in women at risk of postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01510-9. [PMID: 39214910 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE While neuropsychological deficits are commonly observed in affective and psychotic disorders, this remains unexplored in these disorders when they occur during pregnancy and the postpartum period. METHODS A neuropsychological test battery was administered to women defined at risk of postpartum depression (PD, N = 53) because having either a current or past diagnosis of major depressive disorder, women at risk of postpartum psychosis (PP, N = 43) because of a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder and/or a previous episode of PP and women not at risk (NR, N = 48) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Generalized and specific cognitive abilities were compared between groups. RESULTS Women at risk of PP presented worse executive functions and processing speed compared to NR and worse performance compared to women at risk of PD across all cognitive domains. In addition, women at risk of PP who developed a psychiatric relapse in the first four weeks post-partum showed worse verbal learning and memory, visual memory, executive functions and processing speed in pregnancy compared to NR, whereas women at risk of PP who remained well presented neuropsychological performance that was intermediate between that of the women NR and those at risk of PP who developed symptoms. There were no differences in performance between women at risk of PD and the NR women, even if 31 women at risk of PD presented depressive symptoms at the time of cognitive assessment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in women at risk of PP align with neuropsychological findings in individuals with, or at risk of psychosis unrelated to pregnancy. In addition, initial evidence that women at risk of PP who develop a psychiatric relapse in the postpartum show a particularly poor neuropsychological performance in pregnancy suggests that this could be considered part of a phenotype for the disease and help guiding future preventive strategies in this clinical population. In women at risk of PD, the presence of depressive symptoms did not influence cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Segre
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Biaggi
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Katie Hazelgrove
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuela Russo
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Lawrence
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Montserrat Fusté
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gertrude Seneviratne
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Channi Kumar Mother and Baby Unit, Bethlem Royal Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michael C Craig
- National Female Hormone Clinic, Maudsley Hospital, SLaM NHS Foundation Trust, and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maddalena Miele
- Perinatal Mental Health Service, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London and Central North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Susan Pawlby
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Conroy
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
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Nehls S, Dukart J, Enzensberger C, Stickeler E, Eickhoff SB, Chechko N. [Prediction and timely identification of postpartum depression: results of the longitudinal RiPoD study in the context of the literature]. DER NERVENARZT 2024:10.1007/s00115-024-01726-1. [PMID: 39186106 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The first 4-6 weeks after childbirth are defined as the onset time for postpartum depression (PPD). Despite this known time frame there are significant gaps in the identification and treatment of PPD. The risk for postpartum depression (RiPoD) study investigated specific risk factors and predictors of postpartum psychological adjustment processes and the results are presented within the framework of a state of the art review of research. The dynamic neuroplastic changes in the maternal brain during pregnancy and the postpartum period appear to be closely linked to peripartum hormone fluctuations, which jointly influence the development of postpartum mood disorders. Hormonal risk factors such as baby blues and premenstrual syndrome have been found to have a bearing on PPD. The combination of these two factors predicts the risk of PPD with 83% sensitivity within the first week postpartum. Follow-up digital monitoring of symptom development in the first 6 weeks postpartum has enabled an accurate identification of women with PPD. Understanding the interaction between hormone fluctuations, neuroplasticity and psychiatric disorders should be an important target for future research. Early identification and diagnosis of PPD can be easily integrated into the clinical routine and everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Nehls
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie and Psychosomatik, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Deutschland.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM-10), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Deutschland.
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie and Psychosomatik, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 23, 52070, Aachen, Deutschland.
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Deutschland
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | | | - Elmar Stickeler
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Deutschland
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Natalia Chechko
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie and Psychosomatik, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Deutschland.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM-10), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Deutschland.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Deutschland.
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie and Psychosomatik, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 23, 52070, Aachen, Deutschland.
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Tas GG, Sati L. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus species: considerations for female reproduction and offspring health. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024:10.1007/s10815-024-03230-6. [PMID: 39172320 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a type of bacteria known as a probiotic and is often used to support the health of the digestive system and vaginal flora. This type of bacteria has an important role, showing positive effects on female reproductive biology, particularly by maintaining the balance of microorganisms in the vagina, reducing the risk of infection, and strengthening the immune system to support maternal health during pregnancy. There are also studies showing that these probiotics prevent maternal obesity and gestational diabetes. Consuming probiotics containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains may support the intestinal health of breastfeeding mothers, but they may also contribute to the health of offspring. Therefore, this review focuses on the current available data for examining the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains on female reproductive biology and offspring health. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to May 2024. The search strategy was performed using keywords and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. Inconsistent ratings were resolved through discussion. This review is strengthened by multiple aspects of the methodological approach. The systematic search strategy, conducted by two independent reviewers, enabled the identification and evaluation of all relevant literature. Although there is a limited number of studies with high heterogeneity, current literature highlights the important contribution of Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotics in enhancing female reproductive health and fertility. Furthermore, the probiotic bacteria in breast milk may also support the intestinal health of newborn, strengthen the immune system, and protect them against diseases at later ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Gamze Tas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Leyla Sati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
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Kurbatfinski S, Woo J, Ntanda H, Giesbrecht G, Letourneau N. Perinatal Predictors and Mediators of Attachment Patterns in Preschool Children: Exploration of Children's Contributions in Interactions with Mothers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1022. [PMID: 39201958 PMCID: PMC11352242 DOI: 10.3390/children11081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Insecure and disorganized attachment patterns in children are linked to poor health outcomes over the lifespan. Attachment patterns may be predicted by variables that influence the quality of children's interactions with their primary caregivers/parents (usually mothers) such as prenatal and postnatal exposures and the children's own behaviours in interactions. The purposes of this exploratory study were to examine: (1) prenatal predictors of children's attachment patterns, and (2) postnatal mediators and moderators of associations between prenatal predictors and children's attachment patterns, with adjustment for relevant covariates. Mother-child dyads (n = 214) from the longitudinal Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort were studied using valid and reliable measures. Hayes' mediation analysis was employed to determine direct and indirect effects. Mothers' prenatal cortisol levels directly predicted disorganized (versus organized) child attachment in unadjusted models. Children's passivity (in adjusted models) and compulsivity (in unadjusted and adjusted models) in parent-child interactions mediated the pathway between mothers' prenatal cortisol levels and children's disorganized attachment patterns. Serial mediation analyses revealed that mothers' cortisol levels predicted their children's cortisol levels, which predicted children's compulsivity, and, ultimately, disorganized attachment in both unadjusted and adjusted models. No predictors were correlated with children's insecure (versus secure) attachment. This exploratory research suggests that prenatal exposure to mothers' cortisol levels and children's behavioural contributions to parent-child interaction quality should be considered in the genesis of children's attachment patterns, especially disorganization. Interventions focused on parent-child interactions could also focus on addressing children's behavioral contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kurbatfinski
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (S.K.); (G.G.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Jennifer Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK S7N 0W8, Canada;
| | - Henry Ntanda
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Gerald Giesbrecht
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (S.K.); (G.G.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Owerko Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Cumming School of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Zacher Kjeldsen MM, Mægbæk ML, Liu X, Madsen MG, Bliddal M, Egsgaard S, Bang Madsen K, Munk-Olsen T. The HOPE cohort: cohort profile and evaluation of selection bias. Eur J Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s10654-024-01150-4. [PMID: 39158818 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-024-01150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The HOPE cohort is a Danish nationwide cohort with ongoing follow-up, holding information on postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms and diagnoses on 170,218 childbirths (142,795 unique mothers). These data have been linked with extensive register data on health and socioeconomic information on the mothers, their partners, parents, and children. This cohort profile aimed to provide an overview of the data collection and content, describe characteristics, and evaluate potential selection bias. PPD screenings, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, were collected from 67 of the 98 Danish municipalities, covering the period January 2015 to December 2021. This data was linked with register data on PPD diagnoses (identified through medication prescriptions and hospital contacts) as well as background information. Cohort characteristics were compared to the source population, defined as all childbirths by women residing in Denmark during the same period (452,207 childbirths). Potential selection bias was evaluated by comparing odds ratios of five well-established associations between the cohort and the source population. The HOPE cohort holds information on 170,218 childbirths (38% of the source population) involving 142,795 unique mothers. The HOPE cohort only differed slightly from the source population on most characteristics examined, but larger differences were observed on specific characteristics with an underrepresentation of the youngest and oldest age groups, women with more than three children or twins/triplets, and women born outside Denmark. Similar associations were identified across the two populations within the five well-established associations. There was no indication of selection bias on the five examined associations, and the HOPE cohort is representative of the source population on important perinatal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette-Marie Zacher Kjeldsen
- NCRR-National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- CIRRAU - Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Merete Lund Mægbæk
- NCRR-National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- CIRRAU - Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- NCRR-National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- CIRRAU - Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Malene Galle Madsen
- NCRR-National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Bliddal
- Research Unit OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sofie Egsgaard
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Bang Madsen
- NCRR-National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- CIRRAU - Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Munk-Olsen
- NCRR-National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Kim E, Je Y. Fish consumption and depression in Korean population: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2021. J Affect Disord 2024; 359:255-261. [PMID: 38782264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies in some populations showed that dietary intake of fish may be inversely associated with depression, but large studies in Korean population are limited. Thus, we investigated the association between fish consumption and depression, considering the serving size of fish, in Korean adults. METHODS This study was based on the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2021), which is a large nationally representative study of Korean population. Fish consumption was assessed with a 24-hour dietary recall, and physician-diagnosed depression status was assessed using questionnaires from the health interview survey. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for depression. RESULTS A total of 31,632 adults aged 19-64 years were included in the analysis. After adjusting for covariates, highest fish consumption (≥4 servings/week) was significantly associated with 26 % lower odds of depression compared to the lowest fish consumption (<1 servings/week) (OR 0.74; 95 % CI, 0.60-0.92, P for trend = 0.007). A similar inverse association was found in female adults (OR 0.76; 95 % CI, 0.59-0.97, P for trend = 0.018), but no significant association was found in male adults (OR 0.75; 95 % CI, 0.49-1.15, P for trend = 0.223). LIMITATIONS Since KNHANES is a cross-sectional study, it is difficult to evaluate the causal relationship between fish consumption and depression risk. CONCLUSIONS This study results suggest that high fish consumption is associated with lower risk of depression in Korean adults, especially in female adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunje Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youjin Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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12
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Costello LA, Ziegler K, McCormack L, Akbaryan A, Vargas JC, Harris WS, Jackson KH, Barber M, Morales S, Elliott AJ, Hockett C, Shuffrey LC. Pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity moderates the association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and infant cord blood omega-3 levels. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:535. [PMID: 39143534 PMCID: PMC11323614 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical evidence has demonstrated associations between pre-pregnancy obesity and perinatal maternal depressive symptoms. Omega-3 is an essential fatty acid derived from dietary sources that is critical for fetal brain development. Pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with higher omega-3 intake, but a weaker association between dietary intake and respective maternal and cord blood omega-3 levels. Further, lower intake of omega-3 during pregnancy has been linked to higher depressive symptoms. Yet, prior studies have not examined the interactive effects of pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity (OWOB) and prenatal maternal mental health symptoms on infant cord blood omega-3 levels. METHODS Participants included 394 maternal-infant dyads from the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) - Safe Passage Study in South Dakota. A pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) > 25 was used to dichotomize participants as OWOB (54%) vs. non-OWOB (46%). Prenatal maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and prenatal maternal anxiety symptoms were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We implemented linear regression models to examine the interaction term between pre-pregnancy BMI category and prenatal maternal mental health symptoms on cord blood omega-3 levels. Secondary analyses were stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI category. RESULTS We observed a significant interaction between pre-pregnancy BMI category and prenatal maternal depressive symptoms with cord blood omega-3 (F(4,379) = 6.21, p < .0001, adj. R2 = 0.05). Stratified models revealed an association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms with lower cord blood omega-3 levels only among individuals with pre-pregnancy OWOB (β = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.11, -0.02; F (2,208) = 4.00, p < .05, adj R2 = 0.03). No associations were observed among non-OWOB participants. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest maternal-placental transfer of omega-3 may represent one pathway by which maternal metabolic and mental health impacts infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Costello
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Katherine Ziegler
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Lacey McCormack
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Anahid Akbaryan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Julianna Collazo Vargas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA
| | - Kristina H Jackson
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA
- OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA
| | - Maria Barber
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Santiago Morales
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - Amy J Elliott
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Christine Hockett
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Lauren C Shuffrey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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13
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Wu S, Kaplan J, Trautwein ML, Nelson DA, Duong A, Woolaway-Bickel K, Shaw JG, Shaw KA, Kurina LM. Incidence and Predictors of Postpartum Depression Diagnoses among Active-Duty U.S. Army Soldiers. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 39122248 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Understanding the incidence and predictors of postpartum depression (PPD) among active-duty service members is critical given the importance of this population and its unique stressors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all active-duty U.S. Army soldiers with a record of at least one live-birth delivery between January 2012 and December 2013. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between demographic, health-related, and military-specific variables and diagnoses of PPD in the total population (N = 4,178) as well as in a subpopulation without a record of depression before delivery (N = 3,615). Results: The overall incidence of PPD diagnoses was 15.9% (N = 664 cases) among the total population and 10.4% (N = 376 cases) among those without prior depression. Statistically significant predictors of PPD in the adjusted model included lower pay grade, a higher number of prior deployments, a higher number of child dependents, tobacco use, and a history of depression or anxiety before or during pregnancy. For soldiers without a history of depression, lower pay grade, and a history of anxiety before or during pregnancy were significantly associated with PPD. Conclusions: Knowing the predictors of overall and novel onset PPD diagnoses in this population could help establish clearer guidelines on PPD prevention, screening, management, and return to duty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jordan Kaplan
- Program in Human Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Micah L Trautwein
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - D Alan Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andrew Duong
- University of Southern California Roski Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Jonathan G Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kate A Shaw
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lianne M Kurina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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14
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Bilal AM, Pagoni K, Iliadis SI, Papadopoulos FC, Skalkidou A, Öster C. Exploring User Experiences of the Mom2B mHealth Research App During the Perinatal Period: Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e53508. [PMID: 39115893 PMCID: PMC11342009 DOI: 10.2196/53508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal depression affects a significant number of women during pregnancy and after birth, and early identification is imperative for timely interventions and improved prognosis. Mobile apps offer the potential to overcome barriers to health care provision and facilitate clinical research. However, little is known about users' perceptions and acceptability of these apps, particularly digital phenotyping and ecological momentary assessment apps, a relatively novel category of apps and approach to data collection. Understanding user's concerns and the challenges they experience using the app will facilitate adoption and continued engagement. OBJECTIVE This qualitative study explores the experiences and attitudes of users of the Mom2B mobile health (mHealth) research app (Uppsala University) during the perinatal period. In particular, we aimed to determine the acceptability of the app and any concerns about providing data through a mobile app. METHODS Semistructured focus group interviews were conducted digitally in Swedish with 13 groups and a total of 41 participants. Participants had been active users of the Mom2B app for at least 6 weeks and included pregnant and postpartum women, both with and without depression symptomatology apparent in their last screening test. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated to English, and evaluated using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Four themes were elicited: acceptability of sharing data, motivators and incentives, barriers to task completion, and user experience. Participants also gave suggestions for the improvement of features and user experience. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that app-based digital phenotyping is a feasible and acceptable method of conducting research and health care delivery among perinatal women. The Mom2B app was perceived as an efficient and practical tool that facilitates engagement in research as well as allows users to monitor their well-being and receive general and personalized information related to the perinatal period. However, this study also highlights the importance of trustworthiness, accessibility, and prompt technical issue resolution in the development of future research apps in cooperation with end users. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on the usability and acceptability of mobile apps for research and ecological momentary assessment and underscores the need for continued research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha-Mae Bilal
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Women's Mental Health During the Reproductive Lifespan (WOMHER), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Konstantina Pagoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stavros I Iliadis
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caisa Öster
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Manning KY, Jaffer A, Lebel C. Windows of opportunity: how age and sex shape the influence of prenatal depression on the child brain. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01490-2. [PMID: 39117167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Maternal prenatal depression can affect child brain and behavioural development. Specifically, altered limbic network structure and function is a likely mechanism through which prenatal depression impacts the life-long mental health of exposed children. While developmental trajectories are influenced by many factors that exacerbate risk or promote resiliency, the role of child age and sex in the relationship between prenatal depression and the child brain remains unclear. Here, we review studies of associations between prenatal depression and brain structure and function, with a focus on the role of age and sex in these relationships. After exposure to prenatal depression, altered amygdala, hippocampal and frontal cortical structure, as well as changes in functional and structural connectivity within the limbic network are evident during the fetal, infant, preschool, childhood, and adolescent stages of development. Sex appears to play a key role in this relationship, with evidence of differential findings particularly in infants, with males showing smaller and females larger hippocampal and amygdala volumes following prenatal depression. Longitudinal studies in this area have only begun to emerge within the last five years and will be key to understanding critical windows of opportunity. Future research focused on the role of age and sex in this relationship is essential to further inform screening, policy, and interventions for children exposed to prenatal depression, interrupt the intergenerational transmission of depression, and ultimately support healthy brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Y Manning
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aliza Jaffer
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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16
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Zivin K, Zhang X, Tilea A, Hall SV, Admon LK, Vance AJ, Dalton VK. Perinatal Psychotherapy Use and Costs Before and After Federally Mandated Health Insurance Coverage. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2426802. [PMID: 39120900 PMCID: PMC11316231 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.26802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Insurance coverage affects health care access for many delivering women diagnosed with perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs). The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA; passed in 2008) and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; passed in 2010) aimed to improve health care access. Objective To assess associations between MHPAEA and ACA implementation and psychotherapy use and costs among delivering women overall and with PMADs. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study conducted interrupted time series analyses of private insurance data from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2019, for delivering women aged 15 to 44 years, including those with PMADs, to assess changes in psychotherapy visits in the year before and the year after delivery. It estimated changes in any psychotherapy use and per-visit out-of-pocket costs (OOPCs) for psychotherapy associated with MHPAEA (January 2010) and ACA (January 2014) implementation. Data analyses were performed from August 2022 to May 2023. Exposures Implementation of the MHPAEA and ACA. Main Outcomes and Measures Any psychotherapy use and per-visit OOPCs for psychotherapy standardized to 2019 dollars. Results The study included 837 316 overall deliveries among 716 052 women (mean [SD] age, 31.2 [5.4] years; 7.6% Asian, 8.8% Black, 12.8% Hispanic, 64.1% White, and 6.7% unknown race and ethnicity). In the overall cohort, a nonsignificant step change was found in the delivering women who received psychotherapy after MHPAEA implementation of 0.09% (95% CI, -0.04% to 0.21%; P = .16) and a nonsignificant slope change of delivering women who received psychotherapy of 0.00% per month (95% CI, -0.02% to 0.01%; P = .69). A nonsignificant step change was found in delivering individuals who received psychotherapy after ACA implementation of 0.11% (95% CI, -0.01% to 0.22%; P = .07) and a significantly increased slope change of delivering individuals who received psychotherapy of 0.03% per month (95% CI, 0.00% to 0.05%; P = .02). Among those with PMADs, the MHPAEA was associated with an immediate increase (0.72%; 95% CI, 0.26% to 1.18%; P = .002) then sustained decrease (-0.05%; -0.09% to -0.02%; P = .001) in psychotherapy receipt; the ACA was associated with immediate (0.77%; 95% CI, 0.26% to 1.27%; P = .003) and sustained (0.07%; 95% CI, 0.02% to 0.12%; P = .005) monthly increases. In both populations, per-visit monthly psychotherapy OOPCs decreased (-$0.15; 95% CI, -$0.24 to -$0.07; P < .001 for overall and -$0.22; -$0.32 to -$0.12; P < .001 for the PMAD population) after MHPAEA passage with an immediate increase ($3.14 [95% CI, $1.56-$4.73]; P < .001 and $2.54 [95% CI, $0.54-$4.54]; P = .01) and steady monthly increase ($0.07 [95% CI, $0.02-$0.12]; P = .006 and $0.10 [95% CI, $0.03-$0.17]; P = .004) after ACA passage. Conclusions and Relevance This study found complementary and complex associations between passage of the MHPAEA and ACA and access to psychotherapy among delivering individuals. These findings indicate the value of continuing efforts to improve access to mental health treatment for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Zivin
- Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | - Anca Tilea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | - Stephanie V. Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | - Lindsay K. Admon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | - Ashlee J. Vance
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Vanessa K. Dalton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
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Ravaldi C, Mosconi L, Crescioli G, Lombardo G, Russo I, Morese A, Ricca V, Vannacci A. Are midwives trained to recognise perinatal depression symptoms? Results of MAMA (MAternal Mood Assessment) cross-sectional survey in Italy. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:567-576. [PMID: 38308142 PMCID: PMC11230996 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the knowledge, clinical experience, and attitudes of Italian midwives toward perinatal depression (PND) and to explore how these factors impact the quality of care. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among 152 midwives employed in public hospitals across Italy. The questionnaire covered a range of topics, including demographic data, professional experience, knowledge of PND symptoms, risk factors, and clinical management, as well as communication skills and personal experiences with PND cases. RESULTS A concerning 76.3% of midwives displayed inadequate knowledge of PND based on current scientific literature. Those with a more comprehensive understanding were notably more confident in their practice, expressing significantly fewer apprehensions about communicating with mothers (25.8% vs 74.2%) and lesser concerns about the mothers' future well-being (38.9% vs 62.95%). The survey results also emphasised the midwives' call for specialised guidelines and formal training in PND management and underscored the value of communication skills, continuity of care, and family engagement in supporting affected mothers. CONCLUSION This inaugural study sheds light on the current state of knowledge and attitudes among Italian midwives regarding PND. It pinpoints crucial areas for educational enhancement and practice improvement, suggesting that elevated levels of midwife expertise in PND could significantly elevate the standard of care and expedite early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ravaldi
- PEARL Perinatal Research Laboratory, CiaoLapo Foundation, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Mosconi
- PEARL Perinatal Research Laboratory, CiaoLapo Foundation, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giada Crescioli
- PEARL Perinatal Research Laboratory, CiaoLapo Foundation, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Lombardo
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilenia Russo
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "S. Marta E S. Verera" Hospital, ASP Catania, Acireale, Italy
| | - Angelo Morese
- Section of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Nursing, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alfredo Vannacci
- PEARL Perinatal Research Laboratory, CiaoLapo Foundation, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Varambally M, Layton H, Jack SM, Van Lieshout RJ. Mothers' and birthing parents' experiences with 1-day cognitive behavioural therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A descriptive qualitative study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024; 31:507-514. [PMID: 38078565 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT?: One in five mothers and birthing parents are affected by postpartum depression (PPD), yet only a small proportion of those with PPD receive treatment. Given cost and accessibility barriers to treatment, brief therapies (e.g. 1 day) could help address PPD on a large scale, though understanding participants' unique experiences with this novel treatment will help guide its refinement and use. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This paper describes the experiences, perspectives and satisfaction of participants who attended a 1-day workshop for PPD. Participants appreciate being taught practical techniques and the receipt of social support from facilitators and other attendees in the group setting, while some recommended further 'booster sessions' to enhance effectiveness. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: One-day CBT-based workshops may be an effective, low-intensity treatment option that provides helpful skills and builds social networks for individuals with PPD. Additional post-workshop booster sessions may enhance participant satisfaction with this new treatment by providing a reinforcement of their learning and an opportunity to re-connect with other birthing parents. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to one in five mothers and birthing parents. Understanding their perceptions of therapeutic interventions is key to their effectiveness and scalability. AIM The aim of the study was to understand participants' experiences attending an in-person or online 1-day cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based workshop for PPD and compare their experiences participating in either modality. METHOD This descriptive qualitative study was embedded in two separate randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of 1-day CBT-based workshops for PPD delivered in-person or online. Responses were provided by 94 in-person and 95 online participants about their experiences. Content analysis was used to code and categorize the data. RESULTS Participants appreciated learning skills to improve PPD symptoms and joining a community of individuals with shared experiences. Integrating practical coping techniques after the workshop was reported to be most useful, though some wanted additional post-workshop support. Online participants identified additional barriers to workshop engagement. DISCUSSION Participants who attended either workshop found them to be valuable and effective. Participants valued psychoeducation, social connections and applying practical CBT techniques. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE One-day CBT-based workshops may be an accessible treatment option for individuals with PPD, providing new skills and social support, though some prefer to receive additional post-workshop support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Varambally
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haley Layton
- Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M Jack
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Kuppermann M, Pressman A, Coleman-Phox K, Afulani P, Blebu B, Carraway K, Butcher BC, Curry V, Downer C, Edwards B, Felder JN, Fontenot J, Garza MA, Karasek D, Lessard L, Martinez E, McCulloch CE, Oberholzer C, Ramirez GR, Tesfalul M, Wiemann A. A randomized comparative-effectiveness study of two enhanced prenatal care models for low-income pregnant people: Engaging Mothers & Babies; Reimagining Antenatal Care for Everyone (EMBRACE). Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 143:107568. [PMID: 38750950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving perinatal mental health and care experiences and preventing adverse maternal and infant outcomes are essential prenatal care components, yet existing services often miss the mark, particularly for low-income populations. An enhanced group prenatal care program, "Glow! Group Prenatal Care and Support," was developed in California's Central Valley in response to poor perinatal mental health, disrespectful care experiences, and high rates of adverse birth outcomes among families with low incomes. METHODS Engaging Mothers & Babies; Reimagining Antenatal Care for Everyone (EMBRACE) is a pragmatic, two-arm, randomized, comparative-effectiveness study designed to assess depression (primary outcome), the experience of care (secondary outcome), and preterm birth (exploratory outcome) among Medi-Cal (California's Medicaid program)-eligible pregnant and birthing people, comparing those assigned to Glow! Group Prenatal Care and Support (Glow/GC) with those assigned to enhanced, individual prenatal care through the California Department of Public Health's Comprehensive Perinatal Services Program (CPSP/IC). Participating clinical practices offer the two comparators, alternating between comparators every 6 weeks, with the starting comparator randomized at the practice level. Participant-reported outcomes are assessed through interviewer-administered surveys at study entry, during the participant's third trimester, and at 3 months postpartum; preterm birth and other clinical outcomes are abstracted from labor and delivery records. Patient care experiences are further assessed in qualitative interviews. The protocol complies with the Standard Protocol Items for Randomized Trials. CONCLUSIONS This comparative-effectiveness study will be used to determine which of two forms of enhanced prenatal care is more effective, informing future decisions regarding their use. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04154423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kuppermann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; The California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Alice Pressman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Coleman-Phox
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; The California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Patience Afulani
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; The California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Bridgette Blebu
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Kristin Carraway
- Central Valley Health Policy Institute, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States of America
| | - Brittany Chambers Butcher
- Department of Human Ecology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Venise Curry
- Central Valley Health Policy Institute, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States of America
| | - Chris Downer
- Medical Education Program, University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, CA, United States of America
| | - Brittany Edwards
- Central Valley Health Policy Institute, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer N Felder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jazmin Fontenot
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; The California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Mary A Garza
- Central Valley Health Policy Institute, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States of America; Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States of America
| | - Deborah Karasek
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; The California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Lauren Lessard
- Central Valley Health Policy Institute, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States of America; Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States of America
| | - Erica Martinez
- Central Valley Health Policy Institute, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States of America
| | - Charles E McCulloch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Christy Oberholzer
- Central Valley Health Policy Institute, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States of America
| | - Guadalupe R Ramirez
- Children and Families Commission of Fresno County, Fresno, CA, United States of America
| | - Martha Tesfalul
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; The California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrea Wiemann
- Central Valley Health Policy Institute, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States of America
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20
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Halliday B, Chatfield S, Hosking J, Freeman J. The prevalence of depression in women with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2308. [PMID: 39144405 PMCID: PMC11322010 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) is estimated to affect between 20% and 70% of pregnant women with 10% experiencing it for more than 3 months postpartum. Women may also experience depression during this period. Understanding the prevalence of depression in women with PPGP is important to inform clinical management. This systematic review aimed to examine the prevalence of depression in women with PPGP in the antepartum and postpartum periods. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis. Seven databases were searched from inception until May 24, 2023, combining keywords relating to pelvic girdle pain (PGP), depression, and pregnancy. Two investigators independently screened study titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria, extracting data characteristics of all included studies. Included articles were assessed for risk of bias. Summary estimates of the prevalence of depression were calculated with a random effects meta-analysis (stratified by antepartum and postpartum periods). Results Eleven studies (3172 participants) were included with nine suitable for meta-analysis. The overall summary estimate of prevalence of depression among women with PPGP was 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15%-37%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (I 2 = 97%, p < 0.01). Among individual studies, the estimates ranged from 18% to 48% in the antepartum PGP population and from 5% to 39% in the postpartum PGP population. The summary estimate in the antepartum group was 37% (95% CI = 19%-59%; prediction interval 8%-81%) and 15% (95% CI = 7%-30%; prediction interval 3%-56%) in the postpartum group, although time (antepartum vs. postpartum) did not have a statistically significant moderating effect (p = 0.06). Two thirds of the studies were undertaken with Scandinavian populations, limiting the generalizability of these findings. Conclusion Summary estimates for the prevalence of depression in women with PPGP are similar to previous studies investigating depression in the general peri-natal population.
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21
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Zhu A, Song S, Pei L, Huang Y. Supportive care of female hormones in brain health: what and how? Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1403969. [PMID: 39114348 PMCID: PMC11303335 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1403969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Female hormones, functioning as neuroactive steroids, are utilized beyond menopausal hormone therapy. The rapid onset of allopregnanolone analogs, such as brexanolone and zuranolone, in treating depression, and the effectiveness of megestrol acetate in addressing appetite and weight gain, prompted the Food and Drug Administration to authorize the use of progesterone for treating postpartum depression and cancer-related cachexia. Progesterone has also been found to alleviate neuropathic pain in animal studies. These off-label applications offer a promising option for patients with advanced cancer who often experience various mood disorders such as depression, persistent pain, social isolation, and physical complications like cachexia. These patients have shown low tolerance to opioids and mood-regulating medications. However, the potential risks and uncertainties associated with hormone therapy treatment modalities can be daunting for both patients and medical professionals. This review aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the non-reproductive functions and mechanisms of female hormones in brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lijian Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Yenealem B, Negash M, Madoro D, Molla A, Nenko G, Nakie G, Getnet B. Prevalence and associated factors of maternal depression among mothers of children with undernutrition at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia in 2023: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1400293. [PMID: 39022759 PMCID: PMC11252023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1400293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is one of the most significant child health problems in developing countries, accounting for an estimated 53% of child deaths per year. Depression is the leading cause of disease-related disability in women and adversely affects the health and well-being of mothers and their children. Studies have shown that maternal depression has an impact on infant growth and nutritional status. However, evidence is scarce regarding the relationship between maternal depression and child malnutrition. Objectives The general objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of maternal depression among mothers of undernourished children at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia in 2023. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 465 participants. Outcome variables were assessed using a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data were analyzed using SPSS-25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The prevalence of maternal depression among mothers of children with undernutrition was 36.4% (95% CI = 32%-41%). According to a multivariate analysis, lack of maternal education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.872, 95% CI = 1.502-5.492), unemployment (AOR = 2.581, 95% CI = 1.497-4.451), poor social support (AOR = 2.209, 95% CI = 1.314-3.713), perceived stigma (AOR = 2.243, 95% CI = 1.414-3.560), and stunting (AOR = 1.913, 95% CI = 1.129-3.241) were factors significantly associated with maternal depression. Conclusion The overall prevalence of maternal depression was higher among mothers of children with undernutrition. This higher prevalence was associated with several factors, including lack of education, unemployment, poor social support, high perceived stigma, and stunted physical growth in the children themselves. To decrease maternal depression, we can address these factors by increasing the level of maternal education and employment opportunities, strengthening social support systems, reducing stigma, and providing interventions to reduce stunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biazin Yenealem
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Misrak Negash
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Derebe Madoro
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Molla
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Goshu Nenko
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanie Getnet
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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23
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Bornstein MH, Manian N, Henry LM. Infants of mothers with early remitted clinical depression and mothers with no postpartum depression: Adaptive functioning in the second year of life. Infant Ment Health J 2024; 45:397-410. [PMID: 38558431 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Whether and how remitted clinical depression in postpartum motherhood contributes to poor infant adaptive functioning is inconclusive. The present longitudinal study examines adaptive functioning in infants of mothers diagnosed as clinically depressed at 5 months but remitted at 15 and 24 months. Fifty-five U. S. mothers with early, remitted clinical depression and 132 mothers without postpartum depression completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales about their infants at 15 and 24 months. Between groups, mothers were equivalent in age, ethnicity, marital status, and receptive vocabulary (a proxy for verbal intelligence), and infants were equivalent in age and distribution of gender. Controlling for maternal education and parity, mothers with early, remitted clinical depression and mothers with no postpartum depression rated their infants similarly on communication, daily living skills, and socialization. Mothers with early, remitted clinical depression rated their infants poorer in motor skills. Girls were rated more advanced than boys in communication at 24 months and daily living skills at 15 and 24 months. Rated infant adaptive behavior skills increased from 15 to 24 months. With exceptions, adaptive functioning in infants may be robust to early, remitted maternal depression, and adaptive functioning presents a domain to promote positive development in this otherwise vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
- UNICEF, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nanmathi Manian
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren M Henry
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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24
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Sha Q, Escobar Galvis ML, Madaj ZB, Keaton SA, Smart L, Edgerly YM, Anis E, Leach R, Osborne LM, Achtyes E, Brundin L. Dysregulated placental expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes is associated with inflammation and depression in pregnancy. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:146-153. [PMID: 38555986 PMCID: PMC11210184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal depression (including antenatal-, postnatal-, and depression that spans both timepoints) is a prevalent disorder with high morbidity that affects both mother and child. Even though the full biological blueprints of perinatal depression remain incomplete, multiple studies indicate that, at least for antenatal depression, the disorder has an inflammatory component likely linked to a dysregulation of the enzymatic kynurenine pathway. The production of neuroactive metabolites in this pathway, including quinolinic acid (QUIN), is upregulated in the placenta due to the multiple immunological roles of the metabolites during pregnancy. Since neuroactive metabolites produced by the pathway also may affect mood by directly affecting glutamate neurotransmission, we sought to investigate whether the placental expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes controlling QUIN production was associated with both peripheral inflammation and depressive symptoms during pregnancy. METHODS 68 placentas obtained at birth were analyzed using qPCR to determine the expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes. Cytokines and metabolites were quantified in plasma using high-sensitivity electroluminescence and ultra-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) throughout pregnancy and the post-partum. Associations between these factors were assessed using robust linear regression with ranked enzymes. RESULTS Low placental quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRT), the enzyme responsible for degrading QUIN, was associated with higher IL-6 and higher QUIN/kynurenic acid ratios at the 3rd trimester. Moreover, women with severe depressive symptoms in the 3rd trimester had significantly lower placental expression of both QPRT and 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD); impaired activity of these two enzymes leads to QUIN accumulation. CONCLUSION Overall, our data support that a compromised placental environment, featuring low expression of critical kynurenine pathway enzymes is associated with increased levels of plasma cytokines and the dysregulated kynurenine metabolite pattern observed in depressed women during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Sha
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Zachary B Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sarah A Keaton
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - LeAnn Smart
- Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Ehraz Anis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Richard Leach
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lauren M Osborne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Achtyes
- Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Lena Brundin
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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25
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Yang Y, Wang T, Wang D, Liu M, Lun S, Ma S, Yin J. Gaps between current practice in perinatal depression screening and guideline recommendations: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 89:41-48. [PMID: 38733723 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening for perinatal depression is recommended by many guidelines to reduce the disease burden, but current implementation practices require clarification. METHOD Fifteen databases were searched for observational studies using a pre-tested search strategy. In addition, the websites of academic organizations were searched for guidelines, recommendations, and reports. Literature published between January 1, 2010, and December 19, 2021, in either English or Chinese, was included. The standard form of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used to assess risk of bias of the included studies. RESULTS The data analysis covered 103 studies, 21 guidelines, 11 recommendations, five position statements, three reports, two committee opinions, three consensuses, one consultation, and one policy statement. All but one guideline recommended that mothers be routinely screened for perinatal depression at least once during the perinatal period. In addition, 39 documents recommended that perinatal mothers at risk of perinatal depression be provided with or referred to counseling services. In original studies, however, only 8.7% of the original studies conducted routine screenings, and only one-third offered referral services after the screening process. The EPDS emerged as the most frequently used screening tool to measure perinatal depression. 32% (n = 33) of studies reported the technology used for screening. The most commonly used method was face-to-face interviews (n = 22). Screening personnel the agents conducting the screening comprised researchers (n = 26), nurses (n = 15), doctors (n = 11). CONCLUSIONS A significant disparity was observed between the recommendations and implementation of perinatal depression screening, highlighting the need to integrate routine screening and referral processes into maternal care services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Nursing, Dalian University, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Nursing, Dalian University, China
| | | | - Shi Lun
- School of Nursing, Dalian University, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- School of Nursing, Dalian University, China
| | - Juan Yin
- School of Nursing, Dalian University, China.
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26
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Executive summary: Workshop on maternal mental health, February 11-12, 2024, co-sponsored by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 231:B2-B6. [PMID: 38604469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
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Brown A, Griffin S, Weaver G, Shenker N. Receiving screened donor human milk as part of a community-based lactation support programme reduces parental symptoms of anxiety and depression. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024:e13686. [PMID: 38898718 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Infant feeding decisions and maternal mental health are closely tied. Donor human milk (DHM) protects premature infant health and development and can reduce hospital stays. Recent qualitative research has highlighted that having the option for an infant to receive DHM can also support parental wellbeing through reducing concerns about infant health and supporting feeding preferences. However, no quantitative study has examined this relationship. In this study, anxiety and depression scores were measured before and after receiving DHM using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for 80 parents (77 mothers, 3 fathers) who had sought DHM from a community-facing milk bank. Reasons for seeking DHM included maternal cancer, maternal and infant health complications, insufficient glandular tissue, and low milk supply. Open-ended questions explored the experience of receiving milk. Milk bank records were used to match details of milk given (volume, duration, exclusivity, lactation support given) with survey responses. Both anxiety and depression scores significantly reduced after receiving milk. Although greater lactation support and longer duration of milk predicted a greater decrease in scores, in a regression analysis, only volume of milk given remained a significant predictor. Almost all parents agreed that being able to access DHM supported their wellbeing predominantly through reducing anxieties around infant health but also through feeding choices being respected and the support given at difficult times. The findings add important considerations to the literature considering when and for whom DHM should be used and the complex interplay between infant feeding and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Brown
- Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation (LIFT), Swansea, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Sam Griffin
- The Human Milk Foundation, Victory Road, Berkhamsted, UK
| | - Gillian Weaver
- The Human Milk Foundation, Victory Road, Berkhamsted, UK
| | - Natalie Shenker
- The Human Milk Foundation, Victory Road, Berkhamsted, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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28
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Mwita M, Patten S, Dewey D. Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression and generalized anxiety symptoms among women who delivered at a tertiary hospital in Mwanza Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 4:21. [PMID: 38849688 PMCID: PMC11161451 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-024-00074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression and anxiety are major public health concerns that affect 3-39% of women after childbearing and can adversely affect maternal and child health. Most studies have investigated postpartum depression and anxiety and their associated factors among women 4-12 weeks after delivery. There is a scarcity of research among women immediately after delivery from low- and middle-income countries, the gap this study aimed to fill. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 386 postpartum women within one week after delivery. The Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 scale was used to screen for symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Participants were systematically selected from the postnatal wards and interviewed by trained research assistants from November 2019 to March 2020. RESULTS Using standard cut points, the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 25.39%, and 37.31% respectively. Having a baby with a weight of 2.5 kgs or more and having partner support were associated with decreased odds of both depression and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, complications during delivery, caesarian section, marital status, and partner violence, were associated with increased odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms post-delivery. CONCLUSION There was a high prevalence of postpartum depression and anxiety symptoms among the study participants in the first week post-delivery, with delivery complications and outcome and psychosocial supports identified as associated factors for depression and anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the need for early screening to identify those at risk for appropriate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiko Mwita
- Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences (CUHAS), Mwanza, Tanzania.
- Psychiatry Department, Bugando Medical Centre (BMC), Mwanza, Tanzania.
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
| | - Scott Patten
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Ionio C, Ciuffo G, Christiansen P, Della Vedova AM, Fallon V, Figlino MF, Landoni M, Silverio SA, Smorti M, Bramante A. Postpartum-Specific Anxiety and Maternal-Infant Bonding: A Predictive Validity Study amongst Italian Women. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1614-1626. [PMID: 38921073 PMCID: PMC11202692 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14060107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of anxiety is unknown in relation to postpartum bonding, unlike the well-known detrimental effect that postpartum depression has on the relationship between a mother and child. This study investigates how anxiety affects mother-infant bonding after childbirth, comparing the Italian version of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS-IT) with generalized measures of anxiety. Examining 324 non-randomly-selected participants responding to various scales, including the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), postpartum-specific anxiety scale (PSAS-IT), postpartum bonding questionnaire (PBQ), and baby care questionnaire (BCQ-2), initial results suggest a link between certain postpartum anxiety symptoms and attachment problems. Surprisingly, anxiety measured with the PSAS has no direct influence on attachment; however, it is a strong predictor of bonding, even when maternal age, general anxiety, and depression are taken into account, explaining 3% of the variance in scores (β = 0.26, p < 0.001). This emphasizes the importance of early identification and intervention of postpartum anxiety in promoting bonding between mother and child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ionio
- CRIdee, Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Facoltà di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giulia Ciuffo
- CRIdee, Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Facoltà di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paul Christiansen
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK; (P.C.); (V.F.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Anna Maria Della Vedova
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Victoria Fallon
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK; (P.C.); (V.F.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Maria Francesca Figlino
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Facoltà di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marta Landoni
- CRIdee, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Facoltà di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sergio A. Silverio
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK; (P.C.); (V.F.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Women & Children’s Health, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Martina Smorti
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
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Bhakta M, Satapathy DM, Padhy M, Dalai S, Panda JN, Marandi P, Svn S, Pattnaik A. Assessing the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in the Urban Areas of Ankuli in Southern Odisha. Cureus 2024; 16:e61503. [PMID: 38952605 PMCID: PMC11216125 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a complex mix of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes that happen in some women after giving birth. Objectives The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of PPD using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and evaluate the predisposing factors for PPD. Methodology The present observational study was conducted in the Department of Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, Odisha, India from May 2022 to November 2022. Using the EPDS, participants were assessed for postnatal depression. Every subject additionally filled out a risk factor questionnaire covering important sociodemographic and obstetric parameters. The prevalence of an EPDS score of 12 or above is the primary outcome measure. Results The study encompassed 121 mothers, with 8.26% scoring above the depression cutoff of 12 and 6.61% falling within the borderline range. Notably, all mothers surpassing the cutoff were from joint families, contrasting with those from nuclear families. A predominant portion of the depressive group was in their 20s, while the borderline group primarily consisted of mothers in their 30s. Urban residency and government hospital care were universal among the samples. Mode of delivery showed significance, with a higher prevalence of PPD observed among those who underwent a lower segment cesarean section. Additionally, maternal age, anemia, mode of delivery, educational status, adverse life events, and lack of partner support significantly correlated with depression scores. Notably, maternal age emerged as the most influential factor, followed by anemia and mode of delivery. Spearman correlation analysis revealed moderate negative associations between various aspects of maternal depression and the ages of their babies, indicating that younger infants were associated with greater maternal distress. However, the correlation between feeling sad or miserable and the baby's age was negligible. These findings emphasize the multifaceted nature of PPD, highlighting the interplay between sociodemographic factors, maternal well-being, and infant age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Bhakta
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Durga M Satapathy
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Manisha Padhy
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Sithal Dalai
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Jasmin N Panda
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Pramila Marandi
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Swamy Svn
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
| | - Amita Pattnaik
- Community Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, IND
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Munns LB, Preston C. The role of bodily experiences during pregnancy on mother and infant outcomes. J Neuropsychol 2024. [PMID: 38764291 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a transformative time for women and their bodies, and therefore thoughts and feelings and about one's own body and internal bodily sensations may understandably change during this period. Body satisfaction and interoception have been found to influence factors such as antenatal attachment (AA) and maternal mental health. However, mixed results in the literature suggest complex relationships between the bodily experience during pregnancy and outcomes, necessitating a broader investigative approach. We aim to examine the relationship between the pregnancy bodily experience and multiple mother-infant outcomes. It is hypothesised that poor bodily experiences during pregnancy will have negative impacts on these outcomes. Cross-sectional online survey data was collected from individuals at various gestations throughout pregnancy as part of a larger longitudinal study (N = 253, mean age = 32). We analysed validated measures of pregnancy body satisfaction, interoceptive sensibility, AA and mood, as well as intentions to breastfeed. Linear regressions were used to confirm findings from previous literature and a network analysis allowed for a more exploratory approach to understanding the importance of the bodily experience during pregnancy. Multiple regressions found low body satisfaction predicts higher levels of anxiety, depression and AA. A network analysis revealed relationships between body satisfaction and interoception during pregnancy and mother-infant outcomes, including depression and AA. Our results highlight the far-reaching effects of poor bodily experiences during pregnancy on a variety of outcomes. Understanding the impact of the pregnant bodily experience can help identify at-risk individuals and inform interventions.
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Shafiei T, McLachlan HL, Dennis CL, Nicholson JM, Nguyen T, Shiell A, Nguyen CD, Grimes H, Bee J, Adams C, Callander E, Forster DA. Preventing postnatal depression in new mothers using telephone peer support: protocol for the DAISY (Depression and AnxIety peer Support studY) multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e087477. [PMID: 38749691 PMCID: PMC11097877 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postnatal depression affects up to one in six new mothers in Australia each year, with significant impacts on the woman and her family. Prevention strategies can be complicated by a woman's reluctance to seek professional help. Peer support is a promising but inadequately tested early intervention. Very few trials have reported on the efficacy of peer support in the perinatal period and no study has been undertaken in Australia. We will explore if proactive telephone-based peer (mother-to-mother) support, provided to women identified as being at high risk of postnatal depression, impacts on clinically significant depressive symptomatology at 6 months postpartum. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a protocol for a single-blinded, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial conducted in Melbourne, Australia. Eligible women will be recruited from either the postnatal units of two maternity hospitals, or around 4 weeks postpartum at maternal and child health centres within two metropolitan council areas. A total of 1060 (530/group) women will be recruited and randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to either-usual care, to receive the standard community postpartum services available to them, or the intervention group, to receive proactive telephone-based support from a peer volunteer for 6 months, in addition to standard community services. PRIMARY OUTCOME clinically significant depressive symptomatology at 6 months postpartum as measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. SECONDARY OUTCOMES symptoms of anxiety and/or stress, health-related quality of life, loneliness, perception of partner support, self-rated parenting, child health and development, infant feeding and health service use. The cost-effectiveness of the intervention relative to standard care will also be assessed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained from La Trobe University, St. Vincent's Hospital, the Royal Women's Hospital, Northern Health, Victorian Department of Health and Human Services and Victorian Department of Education and Training. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants before randomisation. Trial results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and a higher degree thesis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12619000684123; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touran Shafiei
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen L McLachlan
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Lawrence S. Bloomburg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan M Nicholson
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tram Nguyen
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Shiell
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cattram D Nguyen
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather Grimes
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Rural Department of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Bee
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catina Adams
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Callander
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Della A Forster
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Eriksson A, Kimmel MC, Furmark T, Wikman A, Grueschow M, Skalkidou A, Frick A, Fransson E. Investigating heart rate variability measures during pregnancy as predictors of postpartum depression and anxiety: an exploratory study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:203. [PMID: 38744808 PMCID: PMC11094065 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Perinatal affective disorders are common, but standard screening measures reliant on subjective self-reports might not be sufficient to identify pregnant women at-risk for developing postpartum depression and anxiety. Lower heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be associated with affective disorders. The current exploratory study aimed to evaluate the predictive utility of late pregnancy HRV measurements of postpartum affective symptoms. A subset of participants from the BASIC study (Uppsala, Sweden) took part in a sub-study at pregnancy week 38 where HRV was measured before and after a mild stressor (n = 122). Outcome measures were 6-week postpartum depression and anxiety symptoms as quantified by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). In total, 112 women were included in a depression outcome analysis and 106 women were included in an anxiety outcome analysis. Group comparisons indicated that lower pregnancy HRV was associated with depressive or anxious symptomatology at 6 weeks postpartum. Elastic net logistic regression analyses indicated that HRV indices alone were not predictive of postpartum depression or anxiety outcomes, but HRV indices were selected as predictors in a combined model with background and pregnancy variables. ROC curves for the combined models gave an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 for the depression outcome and an AUC of 0.83 for the anxiety outcome. HRV indices predictive of postpartum depression generally differed from those predictive of postpartum anxiety. HRV indices did not significantly improve prediction models comprised of psychological measures only in women with pregnancy depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Eriksson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Women's Mental Health during the Reproductive Lifespan - WOMHER, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mary Claire Kimmel
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tomas Furmark
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Wikman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Grueschow
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics (ZNE), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Frick
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Fransson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Subba P, Petersen Williams P, Luitel NP, Jordans MJD, Breuer E. A qualitative study on the adaptation of community programmes for the promotion of early detection and health-seeking of perinatal depression in Nepal. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:273. [PMID: 38704570 PMCID: PMC11069154 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high burden of perinatal depression in Nepal, the detection rate is low. Community-based strategies such as sensitization programmes and the Community Informant Detection Tool (CIDT) have been found to be effective in raising awareness and thus promoting the identification of mental health problems. This study aims to adapt these community strategies for perinatal depression in the Nepalese context. METHODS We followed a four-step process to adapt the existing community sensitization program manual and CIDT. Step 1 included in-depth interviews with women identified with perinatal depression (n=36), and focus group discussions were conducted with health workers trained in community mental health (n=13), female community health volunteers (FCHVs), cadre of Nepal government for the prevention and promotion of community maternal and child health (n=16), and psychosocial counsellors (n=5). We explored idioms and understanding of depression, perceived causes, and possible intervention. Step 2 included draft preparation based on the qualitative study. Step 3 included a one-day workshop with the psychosocial counsellors (n=2) and health workers (n=12) to assess the understandability and comprehensiveness of the draft and to refine the content. A review of the CIDT and community sensitization program manual by a psychiatrist was performed in Step 4. RESULTS The first step led to the content development for the CIDT and community sensitization manual. Multiple stakeholders and experts reviewed and refined the content from the second to fourth steps. Idioms of depression and commonly cited risk factors were incorporated in the CIDT. Additionally, myths of perinatal depression and the importance of the role of family were added to the community sensitization manual. CONCLUSION Both the CIDT and community sensitization manual are grounded in the local context and are simple, clear, and easy to understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasansa Subba
- Research Department, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Petal Petersen Williams
- Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Mark J D Jordans
- Centre for Global Mental Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Breuer
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Heissel JA, Healy OJ. Mental Health Treatment Rates During Pregnancy and Post Partum in US Military Service Members. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2413884. [PMID: 38814641 PMCID: PMC11140539 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Although new parents' mental health is known to decline, less is known about changes in therapy attendance, especially among military service members. Objective To investigate changes in therapy attendance among new parents and by parental leave length. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study of US Army and Navy service members from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019, compared parents' monthly therapy attendance with matched nonparents' across childbirth and compared mothers' weekly therapy attendance before vs after returning to work. Eligible monthly sample members included service members with first births from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017, and 12 months of data before to 24 months after birth and nonparents with 36 months of data. Eligible weekly sample members included mothers with first births from January 1, 2013, to June 30, 2019, and data from 12 months before to 6 months after birth and nonparents with 18 months of data. Data analysis was performed from July 1, 2023, to January 15, 2024. Exposure Those exposed to parenthood had no prior children, acquired a dependent younger than 1 year, and, for mothers, had an inpatient birth. Unexposed matches did not add a dependent younger than 1 year. Main Outcomes and Measures Monthly counts of mental health therapy sessions and any therapy sessions (weekly). Results The monthly sample included 15 554 193 person-month observations, representing 321 200 parents and matches, including 10 193 mothers (3.2%; mean [SD] age, 25.0 [4.9] years), 50 865 nonmother matches (15.8%; mean [SD] age, 25.0 [5.0] years), 43 365 fathers (13.5%; mean [SD] age, 26.4 [4.8] years), and 216 777 nonfather matches (67.5%; mean [SD] age, 26.4 [4.8] years). The weekly sample included 17 464 mothers. Mothers went to 0.0712 fewer sessions at 1 month post partum (95% CI, -0.0846 to -0.0579) compared with 10 months before birth. Fathers went to 0.0154 fewer sessions in the month of birth (95% CI, -0.0194 to -0.0114) compared with 10 months before. Parents with preexisting treatment needs had larger decreases in treatment. Weekly therapy attendance increased by 0.555 percentage points (95% CI, 0.257-0.852) when mothers returned to work from 6 weeks of leave and 0.953 percentage points (95% CI, 0.610-1.297) after 12 weeks of leave. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of new parents, therapy attendance decreased around childbirth, especially among parents with prior mental health needs and mothers with longer maternity leaves. These findings suggest that more accessible treatment, including home visits or telehealth appointments, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia J. Healy
- Department of Economics, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina
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Zivin K, Courant A. Disparities in Utilization and Delivery Outcomes for Women with Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2024; 9:e240003. [PMID: 38817312 PMCID: PMC11138136 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20240003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMAD), which include depression and/or anxiety in the year before and/or after delivery, are common complications of pregnancy, affecting up to one in four perinatal individuals, with costs of over $15 billion per year in the US. In this paper, we provide an overview of the disparities in utilization and delivery outcomes for individuals with perinatal mood and anxiety disorders in the US. In addition, we discuss the current US screening and treatment guidelines as well as the high societal costs of illness of PMAD for both perinatal individuals and children. Finally, we outline opportunities for quality improvement of PMAD care in the US, including leveraging increased engagement with healthcare system during prenatal care, working toward a more cohesive national strategy to address PMAD, leaning into evidence-based policymaking through collaboration with a panel of experts, and generating state-level profiles focused on PMAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Zivin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Program on Women’s Healthcare Effectiveness Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor MI 48105, USA
| | - Anna Courant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Eleftheriou G, Zandonella Callegher R, Butera R, De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Vecchio S, Lanzi C, Davanzo R, Mangili G, Bondi E, Somaini L, Gallo M, Balestrieri M, Mannaioni G, Salvatori G, Albert U. Consensus Panel Recommendations for the Pharmacological Management of Breastfeeding Women with Postpartum Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:551. [PMID: 38791766 PMCID: PMC11121006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our consensus statement aims to clarify the use of antidepressants and anxiolytics during breastfeeding amidst clinical uncertainty. Despite recent studies, potential harm to breastfed newborns from these medications remains a concern, leading to abrupt discontinuation of necessary treatments or exclusive formula feeding, depriving newborns of benefits from mother's milk. METHODS A panel of 16 experts, representing eight scientific societies with a keen interest in postpartum depression, was convened. Utilizing the Nominal Group Technique and following a comprehensive literature review, a consensus statement on the pharmacological treatment of breastfeeding women with depressive disorders was achieved. RESULTS Four key research areas were delineated: (1) The imperative to address depressive and anxiety disorders during lactation, pinpointing the risks linked to untreated maternal depression during this period. (2) The evaluation of the cumulative risk of unfavorable infant outcomes associated with exposure to antidepressants or anxiolytics. (3) The long-term impact on infants' cognitive development or behavior due to exposure to these medications during breastfeeding. (4) The assessment of pharmacological interventions for opioid abuse in lactating women diagnosed with depressive disorders. CONCLUSIONS The ensuing recommendations were as follows: Recommendation 1: Depressive and anxiety disorders, as well as their pharmacological treatment, are not contraindications for breastfeeding. Recommendation 2: The Panel advocates for the continuation of medication that has demonstrated efficacy during pregnancy. If initiating an antidepressant during breastfeeding is necessary, drugs with a superior safety profile and substantial epidemiological data, such as SSRIs, should be favored and prescribed at the lowest effective dose. Recommendation 3: For the short-term alleviation of anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbances, the Panel determined that benzodiazepines can be administered during breastfeeding. Recommendation 4: The Panel advises against discontinuing opioid abuse treatment during breastfeeding. Recommendation 5: The Panel endorses collaboration among specialists (e.g., psychiatrists, pediatricians, toxicologists), promoting multidisciplinary care whenever feasible. Coordination with the general practitioner is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Eleftheriou
- Italian Society of Toxicology (SITOX), Via Giovanni Pascoli 3, 20129 Milan, Italy; (R.B.); (S.V.); (C.L.); (G.M.)
- Poison Control Center, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Zandonella Callegher
- Italian Society of Psychiatry (SIP), Piazza Santa Maria della Pietà 5, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (E.B.); (U.A.)
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- UCO Clinica Psichiatrica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Raffaella Butera
- Italian Society of Toxicology (SITOX), Via Giovanni Pascoli 3, 20129 Milan, Italy; (R.B.); (S.V.); (C.L.); (G.M.)
- Poison Control Center, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Marco De Santis
- Italian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SIGO), Via di Porta Pinciana 6, 00187 Rome, Italy; (M.D.S.); (A.F.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Franca Cavaliere
- Italian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SIGO), Via di Porta Pinciana 6, 00187 Rome, Italy; (M.D.S.); (A.F.C.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fatebenefratelli Gemelli, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Vecchio
- Italian Society of Toxicology (SITOX), Via Giovanni Pascoli 3, 20129 Milan, Italy; (R.B.); (S.V.); (C.L.); (G.M.)
- Addiction Centre, Ser.D, Local Health Unit, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cecilia Lanzi
- Italian Society of Toxicology (SITOX), Via Giovanni Pascoli 3, 20129 Milan, Italy; (R.B.); (S.V.); (C.L.); (G.M.)
- Division of Clinic Toxicology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Davanzo
- Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN), Corso Venezia 8, 20121 Milan, Italy; (R.D.); (G.M.)
- Maternal and Child Health Institute IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Task Force on Breastfeeding, Ministry of Health, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mangili
- Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN), Corso Venezia 8, 20121 Milan, Italy; (R.D.); (G.M.)
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Emi Bondi
- Italian Society of Psychiatry (SIP), Piazza Santa Maria della Pietà 5, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (E.B.); (U.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24100 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Somaini
- Ser.D Biella, Drug Addiction Service, 13875 Biella, Italy;
- Italian Society of Addiction Diseases (S.I.Pa.D), Via Tagliamento 31, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariapina Gallo
- Poison Control Center, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
- Italian Society for Drug Addiction (SITD), Via Roma 22, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Matteo Balestrieri
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Italian Society of Neuropsychopharmacology (SINPF), Via Cernaia 35, 00158 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- Italian Society of Toxicology (SITOX), Via Giovanni Pascoli 3, 20129 Milan, Italy; (R.B.); (S.V.); (C.L.); (G.M.)
- Division of Clinic Toxicology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Italian Society of Pharmacology, Via Giovanni Pascoli, 3, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Salvatori
- Italian Society of Pediatrics, Via Gioberti 60, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- Italian Society of Psychiatry (SIP), Piazza Santa Maria della Pietà 5, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.Z.C.); (E.B.); (U.A.)
- UCO Clinica Psichiatrica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, 34148 Trieste, Italy
- Italian Society of Neuropsychopharmacology (SINPF), Via Cernaia 35, 00158 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
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Dimcea DAM, Petca RC, Dumitrașcu MC, Șandru F, Mehedințu C, Petca A. Postpartum Depression: Etiology, Treatment, and Consequences for Maternal Care. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:865. [PMID: 38732283 PMCID: PMC11083152 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14090865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a disabling condition that has recently shown an increase in prevalence, becoming an essential public health problem. This study is a qualitative review summarizing the most frequent risk factors associated with PPD, evaluating molecular aspects of PPD and current approaches to detect and prevent PPD. The most prevalent risk factors were detected in the areas of economic and social factors, obstetrical history, lifestyle, and history of mental illness. Research on the genetic basis for PPD has taken place in recent years to identify the genes responsible for establishing targeted therapeutic methods and understanding its pathogenesis. The most frequently studied candidate gene was the serotonin transporter gene (SERT) associated with PPD. Among biological studies, antidepressants and psychological interventions provided the most evidence of successful intervention. The obstetrician can serve an essential role in screening for and treating PPD. Postpartum women with risk factors should be screened using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), but, at the moment, there are no prevention programs in Europe. In conclusion, data from this review increase concerns among this vulnerable population and can be used to design a screening tool for high-risk pregnant women and create a prevention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Anne-Marie Dimcea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.A.-M.D.); (M.C.D.); (C.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Răzvan-Cosmin Petca
- Department of Urology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Cristian Dumitrașcu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.A.-M.D.); (M.C.D.); (C.M.); (A.P.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florica Șandru
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Dermatology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudia Mehedințu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.A.-M.D.); (M.C.D.); (C.M.); (A.P.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aida Petca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.A.-M.D.); (M.C.D.); (C.M.); (A.P.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
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Tabb KM, Hsieh WJ, Ramirez XR, Kopels S. State legislation and policies to improve perinatal mental health: a policy review and analysis of the state of Illinois. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1347382. [PMID: 38699448 PMCID: PMC11064060 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1347382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maternal mental health problems, such as perinatal depression, are a major public health issue. In the U.S., several states have policies related to mental health during pregnancy and postpartum. The extent of these laws at the state level needs to be further explored and described. Methods We systematically searched the Illinois General Assembly to determine all existing legislation on the topic of perinatal mental health. Results This search uncovered two major Acts that 1) require universal perinatal depression screening and 2) raise awareness of the symptoms and treatment options related to maternal mental health. We also discovered provisions in the law that allow for untreated or undiagnosed postpartum depression or psychosis to be considered as a mitigating factor for women who commit forcible felonies. Discussion Through legislation, states can lead change at the systems-level to improve perinatal mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Tabb
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Wan-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xavier R. Ramirez
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sandra Kopels
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Wang S, Deng CM, Zeng Y, Chen XZ, Li AY, Feng SW, Xu LL, Chen L, Yuan HM, Hu H, Yang T, Han T, Zhang HY, Jiang M, Sun XY, Guo HN, Sessler DI, Wang DX. Efficacy of a single low dose of esketamine after childbirth for mothers with symptoms of prenatal depression: randomised clinical trial. BMJ 2024; 385:e078218. [PMID: 38808490 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-078218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a single low dose of esketamine administered after childbirth reduces postpartum depression in mothers with prenatal depression. DESIGN Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with two parallel arms. SETTING Five tertiary care hospitals in China, 19 June 2020 to 3 August 2022. PARTICIPANTS 364 mothers aged ≥18 years who had at least mild prenatal depression as indicated by Edinburgh postnatal depression scale scores of ≥10 (range 0-30, with higher scores indicating worse depression) and who were admitted to hospital for delivery. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either 0.2 mg/kg esketamine or placebo infused intravenously over 40 minutes after childbirth once the umbilical cord had been clamped. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was prevalence of a major depressive episode at 42 days post partum, diagnosed using the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview. Secondary outcomes included the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale score at seven and 42 days post partum and the 17 item Hamilton depression rating scale score at 42 days post partum (range 0-52, with higher scores indicating worse depression). Adverse events were monitored until 24 hours after childbirth. RESULTS A total of 364 mothers (mean age 31.8 (standard deviation 4.1) years) were enrolled and randomised. At 42 days post partum, a major depressive episode was observed in 6.7% (12/180) of participants in the esketamine group compared with 25.4% (46/181) in the placebo group (relative risk 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14 to 0.48; P<0.001). Edinburgh postnatal depression scale scores were lower in the esketamine group at seven days (median difference -3, 95% CI -4 to -2; P<0.001) and 42 days (-3, -4 to -2; P<0.001). Hamilton depression rating scale scores at 42 days post partum were also lower in the esketamine group (-4, -6 to -3; P<0.001). The overall incidence of neuropsychiatric adverse events was higher in the esketamine group (45.1% (82/182) v 22.0% (40/182); P<0.001); however, symptoms lasted less than a day and none required drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS For mothers with prenatal depression, a single low dose of esketamine after childbirth decreases major depressive episodes at 42 days post partum by about three quarters. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were more frequent but transient and did not require drug intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04414943.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Chun-Mei Deng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ai-Yuan Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hunan Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shan-Wu Feng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hunan Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yuan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Han Hu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hunan Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hunan Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui-Ying Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Yu Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Ning Guo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Daniel I Sessler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dong-Xin Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Obikane E, Yamana H, Ono S, Yasunaga H, Kawakami N. "Association between perinatal mood disorders of parents and child health outcomes". Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01463-z. [PMID: 38589683 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perinatal mood disorders affect both parents, impacting their children negatively. Little is known on the association between parental perinatal mood disorders and pediatric outcomes in Japan considering relevant covariates. Our objective was to investigate the association between paternal and maternal perinatal mood disorders and adverse physical and psychological child outcomes by the age of 36 months, adjusting for covariates such as the child's sex, age of parent at child's birth, perinatal mood disorders of the other parent, and perinatal antidepressant use. METHODS We identified parents in the JMDC Claims Database in Japan from 2012 to 2020. Perinatal mood disorders were defined using International Classification of Diseases, 10th codes for mood disorders during the perinatal period combined with psychiatric treatment codes. We evaluated the association between parental perinatal mood disorders and pediatric adverse outcomes by the age of 36 months using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for the covariates. RESULTS Of the 116,423 father-mother-child triads, 2.8% of fathers and 2.3% of mothers had perinatal mood disorders. Paternal perinatal mood disorders were not significantly associated with adverse child outcomes. After adjusting for paternal perinatal mood disorders and antidepressant use, maternal perinatal mood disorders were associated with delayed motor development, language development disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and behavioral and emotional disorders (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.65 [1.01-2.69], 2.26 [1.36-3.75], 4.16 [2.64-6.55], and 6.12 [1.35-27.81], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Paternal perinatal mood disorders were not associated with adverse child outcomes in this population. Maternal perinatal mood disorders were associated with multiple child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Obikane
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan.
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan.
| | - Hayato Yamana
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ono
- Department of Eat-loss Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
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Hall SV, Pangori A, Tilea A, Schroeder A, Admon LK, Zivin K. Antidepressant Prescriptions Increased For Privately Insured People With Perinatal Mood And Anxiety Disorder, 2008-20. Health Aff (Millwood) 2024; 43:514-522. [PMID: 38560803 PMCID: PMC11164068 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether antidepressant prescriptions for perinatal mood and anxiety disorder (PMAD) increased after several professional organizations issued clinical recommendations in 2015 and 2016. This serial, cross-sectional, logistic regression analysis evaluated changes in antenatal and postpartum antidepressant prescriptions among commercially insured people who had a live-birth delivery as well as a PMAD diagnosis during the period 2008-20. For people with antenatal PMAD, the odds of an antenatal antidepressant prescription decreased 3 percent annually from 2008 to 2016 and increased by 32 percent in 2017, and the annual rate of change increased 5 percent for 2017-20 compared with 2008-16. For people with postpartum PMAD, the odds of a postpartum antidepressant prescription decreased 2 percent annually from 2008 to 2016 and experienced no significant change in 2017, but the annual rate of change increased 3 percent for 2017-20 compared with 2008-16. The clinical recommendations issued in 2015 and 2016 were associated with increased antidepressant prescriptions for PMAD, particularly for antenatal PMAD. These findings indicate that clinical recommendations represent an effective tool for changing prescribing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kara Zivin
- Kara Zivin, University of Michigan, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and Mathematica, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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43
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Gordon SH, Lee S, Steenland MW, Deen N, Feinberg E. Extended Postpartum Medicaid In Colorado Associated With Increased Treatment For Perinatal Mood And Anxiety Disorders. Health Aff (Millwood) 2024; 43:523-531. [PMID: 38560800 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMAD), a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, affect approximately one in seven births in the US. To understand whether extending pregnancy-related Medicaid eligibility from sixty days to twelve months may increase the use of mental health care among low-income postpartum people, we measured the effect of retaining Medicaid as a low-income adult on mental health treatment in the postpartum year, using a "fuzzy" regression discontinuity design and linked all-payer claims data, birth records, and income data from Colorado from the period 2014-19. Relative to enrolling in commercial insurance, retaining postpartum Medicaid enrollment was associated with a 20.5-percentage-point increase in any use of prescription medication or outpatient mental health treatment, a 16.0-percentage-point increase in any use of prescription medication only, and a 7.3-percentage-point increase in any use of outpatient mental health treatment only. Retaining postpartum Medicaid enrollment was also associated with $40.84 lower out-of-pocket spending per outpatient mental health care visit and $3.24 lower spending per prescription medication for anxiety or depression compared with switching to commercial insurance. Findings suggest that extending postpartum Medicaid eligibility may be associated with higher levels of PMAD treatment among the low-income postpartum population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Gordon
- Sarah H. Gordon , Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lemon CA, Svob C, Bonomo Y, Dhungana S, Supanya S, Sittanomai N, Diatri H, Haider II, Javed A, Chandra P, Herrman H, Hoven CW, Sartorius N. Priorities for research promoting mental health in the south and east of Asia. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 23:100287. [PMID: 38404519 PMCID: PMC10884971 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Progress in promoting mental health, preventing mental illness, and improving care for people affected by mental illness is unlikely to occur if efforts remain separated from existing public health programs and the principles of public health action. Experts met recently to discuss integrating public health and mental health strategies in the south and east of Asia, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Areas of research identified as high priority were: 1) integrating mental health into perinatal care; 2) providing culturally-adjusted support for carers of people with mental and physical disorders; 3) using digital health technologies for mental health care in areas with limited resources and 4) building local research capacity. Selection of these areas was informed by their relative novelty in the region, ease of implementation, likely widespread benefit, and potential low costs. In this article, we summarise available evidence, highlight gaps and call for collaborations with research centres, leaders and persons with lived experience within and beyond the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Lemon
- NorthWestern Mental Health, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Connie Svob
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States of America
| | - Yvonne Bonomo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Addiction Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Saraswati Dhungana
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Suttha Supanya
- Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napat Sittanomai
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hervita Diatri
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty Medicine Universitas Indonesia and Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Afzal Javed
- Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Prabha Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Helen Herrman
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina W. Hoven
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States of America
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes (AMH), Geneva, Switzerland
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Diaz ZM, Adashi EY. Zuranolone: A Breakthrough in the Treatment of Postpartum Depression. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:407-408. [PMID: 38306166 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zobeida M Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Center for Women's Behavioral Health, Women and Infants Hospital, Care New England Health System, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Eli Y Adashi
- Department of Medical Science, Former Dean of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Tan HS, Tan CW, Sultana R, Chen HY, Chua T, Rahman N, Gandhi M, Sia ATH, Sng BL. The association between epidural labour analgesia and postpartum depression: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:357-367. [PMID: 37990597 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between epidural labour analgesia and risk of postpartum depression. Most previous studies were observational trials with limited ability to account for confounders. We aimed to determine if epidural analgesia was associated with a significant change in the incidence of postpartum depression in this randomised controlled trial. We enrolled women aged 21-50 years old with a singleton fetus ≥ 36 weeks gestation. Patients were advised regarding available labour analgesic modalities during enrolment (epidural block; intramuscular pethidine; nitrous oxide; or intravenous remifentanil). On request for analgesia, patients were offered the modality that they had been allocated randomly to first. Blinded investigators recorded patient and obstetric characteristics within 24 h of delivery and assessed for postpartum depression at 6-10 weeks following delivery using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (score ≥ 13 considered positive for postpartum depression). The modified intention-to-treat population consisted of all patients who received any form of labour analgesia, while per-protocol consisted of patients who received their randomised modality as their first form of labour analgesia. Of 881 parturients allocated randomly (epidural n = 441, non-epidural n = 440), we analysed 773 (epidural n = 389, non-epidural n = 384); 62 (15.9%) of women allocated to epidural group developed postpartum depression compared with 65 (16.9%) women allocate to the non-epidural group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of postpartum depression between the two groups (adjusted risk difference (95%CI) 1.6 (-3.0-6.3%), p = 0.49). Similar results were obtained with per-protocol analysis (adjusted risk difference (95%CI) -1.0 (-8.3-6.3%), p = 0.79). We found no significant difference in the risk of postpartum depression between patients who received epidural labour analgesia and those who utilised non-epidural analgesic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Tan
- Department of Women's Anaesthesia, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C W Tan
- Department of Women's Anaesthesia, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Sultana
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Y Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Chua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N Rahman
- Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Gandhi
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A T H Sia
- Department of Women's Anaesthesia, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B L Sng
- Department of Women's Anaesthesia, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Wang Y, Wei R, Chen Z, Tang Y, Liu L, Qiao P, Ren C, Yu Z, Lu C. The association between the number of pregnancies and depressive symptoms: A population-based study. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:411-419. [PMID: 38244784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a psychosomatic disorder that affects reproductive health. The number of pregnancies is an important indicator of reproductive health. Multiple pregnancies and births may aggravate the risk of depression in females. However, the evidence of the connection between the number of pregnancies and depression is unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the number of pregnancies and depressive symptoms. METHODS We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data with a total of 17,216 women from 2005 to 2020. The number of pregnancies obtained from the self-report questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were measured by the nine-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the risk factors of depression. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) was applied to explore the nonlinear relationship. In addition, subgroup analysis was used to support the accuracy of our findings. RESULTS We found that the number of pregnancies is positively associated with the prevalence of depression. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, pregnant women was 1.52-fold higher than the normal group to experience depression in the fully-adjusted model. No interaction between number of pregnancies and covariates in subgroups. LIMITATIONS This study was cross-sectional, which limits its ability to draw conclusions about the causal relationship between the number of pregnancies and depression. CONCLUSION In the United States, the number of pregnancies was positively associated with the prevalence of depression. It is critical to register the number of pregnancies for monitoring depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhenna Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China; Department of Ophthalmology, Afffliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yujie Tang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Pengyun Qiao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chune Ren
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Bridget Spelke M, Okumu E, Perry NR, Blette BS, Paul R, Schiller CE, Ncheka JM, Kasaro MP, Price JT, Meltzer-Brody S, Stringer JSA, Stringer EM. Acceptability of a Randomized Trial of Anti-depressant Medication or Interpersonal Therapy for Treatment of Perinatal Depression in Women with HIV. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1123-1136. [PMID: 38353877 PMCID: PMC10940463 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) affects nearly 20% of postpartum women in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where HIV prevalence is high. Depression is associated with worse HIV outcomes in non-pregnant adults and mental health disorders may worsen HIV outcomes for postpartum women and their infants. PPD is effectively treated with psychosocial or pharmacologic interventions; however, few studies have evaluated the acceptability of treatment modalities in SSA. We analyzed interviews with 23 postpartum women with HIV to assess the acceptability of two depression treatments provided in the context of a randomized trial. Most participants expressed acceptability of treatment randomization and study visit procedures. Participants shared perceptions of high treatment efficacy of their assigned intervention. They reported ongoing HIV and mental health stigma in their communities and emphasized the importance of social support from clinic staff. Our findings suggest a full-scale trial of PPD treatment will be acceptable among women with HIV in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bridget Spelke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA.
- University of North Carolina - Global Projects Zambia, 348 Independence Ave, Lusaka, Zambia, 10101.
| | - Eunice Okumu
- Social and Behavioral Science Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Nzi R Perry
- Social and Behavioral Science Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bryan S Blette
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Ravi Paul
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Crystal E Schiller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - J M Ncheka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Margaret P Kasaro
- University of North Carolina - Global Projects Zambia, 348 Independence Ave, Lusaka, Zambia, 10101
| | - Joan T Price
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA
- University of North Carolina - Global Projects Zambia, 348 Independence Ave, Lusaka, Zambia, 10101
| | - Samantha Meltzer-Brody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jeffrey S A Stringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA
- University of North Carolina - Global Projects Zambia, 348 Independence Ave, Lusaka, Zambia, 10101
| | - Elizabeth M Stringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA
- University of North Carolina - Global Projects Zambia, 348 Independence Ave, Lusaka, Zambia, 10101
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Hall SV, Bell S, Courant A, Admon LK, Zivin K. Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Diagnoses Among Commercially Insured People Increased, 2008-20. Health Aff (Millwood) 2024; 43:504-513. [PMID: 38560801 PMCID: PMC11225106 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a burdensome disorder, affecting 3-4 percent of delivering people in the US, with higher rates seen among Black and Hispanic people. The extent of clinical diagnosis remains unknown. We describe the temporal and racial and ethnic trends in perinatal PTSD diagnoses among commercially insured people with live-birth deliveries during the period 2008-20, using administrative claims from Optum's Clinformatics Data Mart Database. Predicted probabilities from our logistic regression analysis showed a 394 percent increase in perinatal PTSD diagnoses, from 37.7 per 10,000 deliveries in 2008 to 186.3 per 10,000 deliveries in 2020. White people had the highest diagnosis rate at all time points (208.0 per 10,000 deliveries in 2020), followed by Black people, people with unknown race, Hispanic people, and Asian people (188.7, 171.9, 146.9, and 79.8 per 10,000 deliveries in 2020, respectively). The significant growth in perinatal PTSD diagnosis rates may reflect increased awareness, diagnosis, or prevalence of the disorder. However, these rates fall well below the estimated prevalence of PTSD in the perinatal population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kara Zivin
- Kara Zivin, University of Michigan, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, and Mathematica, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Teychenne M, Apostolopoulos M, France-Ratcliffe M, Chua E, Hall S, Opie RS, Blunden S, Duncan MJ, Olander EK, Koorts H. Factors relating to sustainability and scalability of the 'Food, Move, Sleep (FOMOS) for Postnatal Mental Health' program: Qualitative perspectives from key stakeholders across Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:393-409. [PMID: 37384432 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Supporting healthy behaviours (quality diet, physical activity, sleep) through home-based interventions is feasible to improve postnatal mental health. Involving stakeholders in developing interventions is essential for maximising accessibility, implementation and scale-up. This study aimed to identify factors affecting the sustainable implementation and scalability of the Food, Move, Sleep (FOMOS) for Postnatal Mental Health program, including strategies to enhance research-practice translation. METHODS Stakeholders (n = 13) involved in promoting physical activity, healthy eating, postnatal and mental health, public health and/or policy participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews, based on PRACTIS Guide recommendations for implementation and scale-up, explored perceptions of program design, implementation and scalability. Reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken. Identified implementation and scale-up strategies were mapped against the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change compendium and PRACTIS Guide. RESULTS Individual-level: Targeting multiple systems (primary, tertiary, community-based care) and entry points (early, mid-postpartum) for uptake was important. For equity, screening women in public hospitals, engaging with community agencies and targeting most at-risk women, was suggested. Provider-level: Stakeholders identified strategies to enhance future roll-out (organisations assisting with recruitment). Factors impacting sustainability included high demand for the FOMOS program, and governance around screening and funding; online delivery, connecting with partners and providers and integration into existing services may enhance sustainability. Systems-level: Political support and community champions were perceived important for program dissemination. Nine strategies addressing program uptake, reach, implementation, potential scalability and sustainability were identified. CONCLUSIONS For sustainable implementation and potential scalability of a home-based multi-behaviour postnatal intervention, multi-level implementation and scale-up strategies, aligned with existing health systems, policies and initiatives to support postnatal mental health should be considered. SO WHAT?: This paper provides a comprehensive list of strategies that can be used to enhance sustainable implementation and scalability of healthy behaviour programs targeting postnatal mental health. Further, the interview schedule, systematically developed and aligned with the PRACTIS Guide, may serve as a useful resource for researchers conducting similar studies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Teychenne
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madeleine France-Ratcliffe
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elysha Chua
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sanae Hall
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachelle S Opie
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Blunden
- Appleton Institute of Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ellinor K Olander
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Harriet Koorts
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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