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Ortmann W, Such A, Kolaczkowska E. Impact of microparticles released during murine systemic inflammation on macrophage activity and reactive nitrogen species regulation. Immunol Res 2024; 72:299-319. [PMID: 38008825 PMCID: PMC11031483 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) packaged with numerous bioactive molecules are essential vehicles in cellular communication in various pathological conditions, including systemic inflammation, Whereas MPs are studied mostly upon isolation, their detection in vivo is limited. Impact of MPs might depend on target cell type and cargo they carry; thus herein, we aimed at verifying MPs' impact on macrophages. Unlike neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages are rather inactive during sepsis, and we hypothesized this might be at least partially controlled by MPs. For the above reasons, we focused on the detection of MPs with intravital microscopy (IVM) and report the presence of putative neutrophil-derived MPs in the vasculature of cremaster muscle of endotoxemic mice. Subsequently, we characterized MPs isolated not only from their blood but also from the peritoneal cavity and observed differences in their size, concentration, and cargo. Such MPs were then used to study their impact on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line performance (cell viability/activity, cytokines, oxygen, and nitrogen reactive species). Addition of MPs to macrophages with or without co-stimulation with lipopolysaccharide did not affect respiratory burst, somewhat decreased mitochondrial activity but increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and NO production especially in case of plasma-derived MPs. The latter MPs carried more iNOS-controlling ceruloplasmin than those discharged into the peritoneal cavity. We conclude that MPs can be detected in vivo with IVM and their cellular origin identified. They are heterogeneous in nature depending on the site of their release. Consequently, microparticles released during systemic inflammation to various body compartments differentially affect macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Ortmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Such
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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2
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Abdolalian M, Khalaf-Adeli E, Yari F, Hosseini S, Kiaeefar P. Presurgical circulating platelet-derived microparticles level as a risk factor of blood transfusion in patients with valve heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery. Transfus Clin Biol 2024; 31:19-25. [PMID: 38029957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) are membrane vesicles that have emerged as a potential biomarker for various diseases and their clinical complications. This study investigates the role of MPs as a risk factor for blood transfusion in patients with valve heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS Forty adult patients undergoing heart valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled, and venous blood samples were collected prior to surgical incision. Plasma rich in MPs was prepared by double centrifugation, and the concentration of MPs was determined using the Bradford method. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine MPs count and phenotype. Patients were divided into "with transfusion" (n = 18) and "without transfusion" (n = 22) groups based on red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. RESULTS There was no significant difference in MPs concentration between the "with transfusion" and "without transfusion" groups. Although the count of preoperative platelet-derived MPs (PMPs), monocyte-derived MPs (MMPs), and red cell-derived MPs (RMPs) was higher in "without transfusion" group, these differences were not statistically significant. The preoperative PMPs count was negatively correlated with RBC transfusion (P = 0.005, r = -0.65). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the count of CD41+ PMPs, Hemoglobin (Hb), and RBC count were risk factors for RBC transfusion. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the presurgical levels of PMPs, Hb, and RBC count can serve as risk factors of RBC transfusion in patients with valve heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery. The findings provide insights into the potential use of MPs as biomarkers for blood transfusion prediction in cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Abdolalian
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Khalaf-Adeli
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Department of Hematology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Yari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Hosseini
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Unar A, Bertolino L, Patauner F, Gallo R, Durante-Mangoni E. Pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Sepsis: A Clinically Focused Overview. Cells 2023; 12:2120. [PMID: 37681852 PMCID: PMC10486945 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major global health problem that results from a dysregulated and uncontrolled host response to infection, causing organ failure. Despite effective anti-infective therapy and supportive treatments, the mortality rate of sepsis remains high. Approximately 30-80% of patients with sepsis may develop disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which can double the mortality rate. There is currently no definitive treatment approach for sepsis, with etiologic treatment being the cornerstone of therapy for sepsis-associated DIC. Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are critical factors that impact the prognosis of sepsis-related DIC. Over the past several decades, researchers have made continuous efforts to better understand the mechanisms of DIC in sepsis, as well as improve its quantitative diagnosis and treatment. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of sepsis-related DIC, focusing on common causes and diagnoses, with the goal of guiding healthcare providers in the care of patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsanullah Unar
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.U.); (L.B.); (F.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Bertolino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.U.); (L.B.); (F.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Fabian Patauner
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.U.); (L.B.); (F.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Raffaella Gallo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.U.); (L.B.); (F.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.U.); (L.B.); (F.P.); (R.G.)
- Unit of Infectious and Transplant Medicine, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
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4
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Maneta E, Aivalioti E, Tual-Chalot S, Emini Veseli B, Gatsiou A, Stamatelopoulos K, Stellos K. Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1144229. [PMID: 37081895 PMCID: PMC10110956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1144229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by multiorgan dysfunction caused by a dysregulated or over-reactive host response to infection. During sepsis, the coagulation cascade is triggered by activated cells of the innate immune system, such as neutrophils and monocytes, resulting in clot formation mainly in the microcirculation, a process known as immunothrombosis. Although this process aims to protect the host through inhibition of the pathogen’s dissemination and survival, endothelial dysfunction and microthrombotic complications can rapidly lead to multiple organ dysfunction. The development of treatments targeting endothelial innate immune responses and immunothrombosis could be of great significance for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. Medications modifying cell-specific immune responses or inhibiting platelet–endothelial interaction or platelet activation have been proposed. Herein, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of organ-specific endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis in sepsis and its complications, while highlighting the recent advances in the development of new therapeutic approaches aiming at improving the short- or long-term prognosis in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Maneta
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Eleni Maneta, ; Konstantinos Stellos, ;
| | - Evmorfia Aivalioti
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Besa Emini Veseli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Gatsiou
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- *Correspondence: Eleni Maneta, ; Konstantinos Stellos, ;
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5
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Niu G, Jian T, Gai Y, Chen J. Microbiota and plant-derived vesicles that serve as therapeutic agents and delivery carriers to regulate metabolic syndrome. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114774. [PMID: 36906231 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The gut is a fundamental organ in controlling human health. Recently, researches showed that substances in the intestine can alter the course of many diseases through the intestinal epithelium, especially intestinal flora and exogenously ingested plant vesicles that can be transported over long distances to various organs. This article reviews the current knowledge on extracellular vesicles in modulating gut homeostasis, inflammatory response and numerous metabolic disease that share obesity as a co-morbidity. These complex systemic diseases that are difficult to cure, but can be managed by some bacterial and plant vesicles. Vesicles, due to their digestive stability and modifiable properties, have emerged as novel and targeted drug delivery vehicles for effective treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanting Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tunyu Jian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yanan Gai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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6
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Abstract
In addition to the key role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets have also been wildly acknowledged as immune regulatory cells and involving in the pathogenesis of inflammation-related diseases. Since purine receptor P2Y12 plays a crucial role in platelet activation, P2Y12 antagonists such as clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor have been widely used in cardiovascular diseases worldwide in recent decades due to their potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. Meanwhile, the role of P2Y12 in inflammatory diseases has also been extensively studied. Relatively, there are few studies on the regulation of P2Y12. This review first summarizes the various roles of P2Y12 in the process of platelet activation, as well as downstream effects and signaling pathways; then introduces the effects of P2Y12 in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, atherosclerosis, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and asthma; and finally reviews the current researches on P2Y12 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Fujin Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | | | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Fujin Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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7
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Tian C, Wang K, Zhao M, Cong S, Di X, Li R. Extracellular vesicles participate in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1018692. [PMID: 36579343 PMCID: PMC9791067 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1018692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The early diagnosis and effective treatment of sepsis still face challenges due to its rapid progression, dynamic changes, and strong heterogeneity among different individuals. To develop novel strategies to control sepsis, a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of sepsis is vital. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released from cells through different mechanisms. In the disease state, the number of EVs produced by activated or apoptotic cells and the cargoes they carry were altered. They regulated the function of local or distant host cells in autocrine or paracrine ways. Current studies have found that EVs are involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis through multiple pathways. In this review, we focus on changes in the cargoes of EVs in sepsis, the regulatory roles of EVs derived from host cells and bacteria, and how EVs are involved in multiple pathological processes and organ dysfunction in sepsis. Overall, EVs have great application prospects in sepsis, such as early diagnosis of sepsis, dynamic monitoring of disease, precise therapeutic targets, and prevention of sepsis as a vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ranwei Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Ranwei Li,
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8
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Carter N, Mathiesen AH, Miller N, Brown M, Colunga Biancatelli RML, Catravas JD, Dobrian AD. Endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles impair the angiogenic response of coronary artery endothelial cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:923081. [PMID: 35928931 PMCID: PMC9343725 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.923081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prominent cause of death of adults in the United States with coronary artery disease being the most common type of CVD. Following a myocardial event, the coronary endothelium plays an important role in the recovery of the ischemic myocardium. Specifically, endothelial cells (EC) must be able to elicit a robust angiogenic response necessary for tissue revascularization and repair. However, local or distant cues may prevent effective revascularization. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are produced by all cells and endothelium is a rich source of EVs that have access to the main circulation thereby potentially impacting local and distant tissue function. Systemic inflammation associated with conditions such as obesity as well as the acute inflammatory response elicited by a cardiac event can significantly increase the EV release by endothelium and alter their miRNA, protein or lipid cargo. Our laboratory has previously shown that EVs released by adipose tissue endothelial cells exposed to chronic inflammation have angiostatic effects on naïve adipose tissue EC in vitro. Whether the observed effect is specific to EVs from adipose tissue endothelium or is a more general feature of the endothelial EVs exposed to pro-inflammatory cues is currently unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the angiostatic effects of EVs produced by EC from the coronary artery and adipose microvasculature exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC) on naïve coronary artery EC. We have found that EVs from both EC sources have angiostatic effects on the coronary endothelium. EVs produced by cells in a pro-inflammatory environment reduced proliferation and barrier function of EC without impacting cellular senescence. Some of these functional effects could be attributed to the miRNA cargo of EVs. Several miRNAs such as miR-451, let-7, or miR-23a impact on multiple pathways responsible for proliferation, cellular permeability and angiogenesis. Collectively, our data suggests that EVs may compete with pro-angiogenic cues in the ischemic myocardium therefore slowing down the repair response. Acute treatments with inhibitors that prevent endogenous EV release immediately after an ischemic event may contribute to better efficacy of therapeutic approaches using functionalized exogenous EVs or other pro-angiogenic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigeste Carter
- Department of Physiological Science, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Allison H. Mathiesen
- Department of Physiological Science, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Noel Miller
- Department of Physiological Science, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Michael Brown
- Department of Physiological Science, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | | | - John D. Catravas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
- School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Anca D. Dobrian
- Department of Physiological Science, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Anca D. Dobrian,
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9
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Interaction of von Willebrand factor with blood cells in flow models: a systematic review. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3979-3990. [PMID: 35816358 PMCID: PMC9278308 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of blood flow influences the interaction between von Willebrand factor (VWF) and blood cells, affecting characteristics of forming blood clots. The interactions between coagulation and inflammation have mainly been studied in thrombosis models, but it remains unclear whether these interactions might also play a role in reduced bleeding in patients with bleeding disorders. In this systematic review, we provide an overview of the literature investigating the interactions between VWF and blood cells in flow models. For article selection, a systematic search was performed in Embase, Medline-Ovid, Cochrane Library, Web of Science databases, and Google Scholar. After selection, 24 articles were included. These articles describe direct or platelet-dependent interactions between VWF and neutrophils, monocytes, erythrocytes, or lymphocytes under different flow conditions. Almost all the described interactions required the presence of activated platelets. Only erythrocytes, monocytes, and natural killer cells were capable of directly binding the VWF multimers. Overall, interactions between VWF and blood cells mainly occurred in the presence of platelets. Because of the large variation in study design and used flow rates, further research is necessary to compare the results between studies and draw firm conclusions on when and under what conditions these interactions can occur. After our findings, many questions remained unanswered. This review might provide a starting point for future research. Extended knowledge on the influence of blood flow on VWF and blood cell interactions can contribute to improved understanding of the variation in bleeding in patients with bleeding disorders.
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Ludwig N, Hilger A, Zarbock A, Rossaint J. Platelets at the Crossroads of Pro-Inflammatory and Resolution Pathways during Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121957. [PMID: 35741086 PMCID: PMC9221767 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are among the most abundant cells in the mammalian circulation. Classical platelet functions in hemostasis and wound healing have been intensively explored and are generally accepted. During the past decades, the research focus broadened towards their participation in immune-modulatory events, including pro-inflammatory and, more recently, inflammatory resolution processes. Platelets are equipped with a variety of abilities enabling active participation in immunological processes. Toll-like receptors mediate the recognition of pathogens, while the release of granule contents and microvesicles promotes direct pathogen defense and an interaction with leukocytes. Platelets communicate and physically interact with neutrophils, monocytes and a subset of lymphocytes via soluble mediators and surface adhesion receptors. This interaction promotes leukocyte recruitment, migration and extravasation, as well as the initiation of effector functions, such as the release of extracellular traps by neutrophils. Platelet-derived prostaglandin E2, C-type lectin-like receptor 2 and transforming growth factor β modulate inflammatory resolution processes by promoting the synthesis of pro-resolving mediators while reducing pro-inflammatory ones. Furthermore, platelets promote the differentiation of CD4+ T cells in T helper and regulatory T cells, which affects macrophage polarization. These abilities make platelets key players in inflammatory diseases such as pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome, including the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019. This review focuses on recent findings in platelet-mediated immunity during acute inflammation.
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11
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Cointe S, Vallier L, Esnault P, Dacos M, Bonifay A, Macagno N, Harti Souab K, Chareyre C, Judicone C, Frankel D, Robert S, Hraiech S, Alessi MC, Poncelet P, Albanese J, Dignat-George F, Lacroix R. Granulocyte microvesicles with a high plasmin generation capacity promote clot lysis and improve outcome in septic shock. Blood 2022; 139:2377-2391. [PMID: 35026004 PMCID: PMC11022829 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) have previously been shown to exert profibrinolytic capacity, which is increased in patients with septic shock (SS) with a favorable outcome. We, therefore, hypothesized that the plasmin generation capacity (PGC) could confer to MVs a protective effect supported by their capacity to lyse a thrombus, and we investigated the mechanisms involved. Using an MV-PGC kinetic assay, ELISA, and flow cytometry, we found that granulocyte MVs (Gran-MVs) from SS patients display a heterogeneous PGC profile driven by the uPA (urokinase)/uPAR system. In vitro, these MVs lyse a thrombus according to their MV-PGC levels in a uPA/uPAR-dependent manner, as shown in a fluorescent clot lysis test and a lysis front retraction assay. Fibrinolytic activators conveyed by MVs contribute to approximately 30% of the plasma plasminogenolytic capacity of SS patients. In a murine model of SS, the injection of high PGC Gran-MVs significantly improved mouse survival and reduced the number of thrombi in vital organs. This was associated with a modification of the mouse coagulation and fibrinolysis properties toward a more fibrinolytic profile. Interestingly, mouse survival was not improved when soluble uPA was injected. Finally, using a multiplex array on plasma from SS patients, we found that neutrophil elastase correlates with the effect of high-PGC-capacity plasma and modulates the Gran-MV plasmin generation capacity by cleaving uPA-PAI-1 complexes. In conclusion, we show that the high PGC level displayed by Gran-MVs reduces thrombus formation and improves survival, conferring to Gran-MVs a protective role in a murine model of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Cointe
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
- Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Loris Vallier
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Esnault
- Intensive Care Unit, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon, France
| | - Mathilde Dacos
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
| | - Amandine Bonifay
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Macagno
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, CHU Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | | | - Corinne Chareyre
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
| | | | - Diane Frankel
- Department of Cell Biology, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, INSERM, MMG, CHU Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
| | - Sami Hraiech
- Intensive Care Unit, APHM, CHU Nord, CEReSS-Center for Studies and Research on Health Services and Quality of Life EA3279, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Alessi
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
- Department of Hematology, CHU La Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
- Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
- Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
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12
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Kozlov AV, Grillari J. Pathogenesis of Multiple Organ Failure: The Impact of Systemic Damage to Plasma Membranes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:806462. [PMID: 35372390 PMCID: PMC8964500 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.806462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ failure (MOF) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care patients, but the mechanisms causing this severe syndrome are still poorly understood. Inflammatory response, tissue hypoxia, immune and cellular metabolic dysregulations, and endothelial and microvascular dysfunction are the main features of MOF, but the exact mechanisms leading to MOF are still unclear. Recent progress in the membrane research suggests that cellular plasma membranes play an important role in key functions of diverse organs. Exploration of mechanisms contributing to plasma membrane damage and repair suggest that these processes can be the missing link in the development of MOF. Elevated levels of extracellular phospholipases, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, pore-forming proteins (PFPs), and dysregulation of osmotic homeostasis occurring upon systemic inflammatory response are the major extracellular inducers of plasma membrane damage, which may simultaneously operate in different organs causing their profound dysfunction. Hypoxia activates similar processes, but they predominantly occur within the cells targeting intracellular membrane compartments and ultimately causing cell death. To combat the plasma membrane damage cells have developed several repair mechanisms, such as exocytosis, shedding, and protein-driven membrane remodeling. Analysis of knowledge on these mechanisms reveals that systemic damage to plasma membranes may be associated with potentially reversible MOF, which can be quickly recovered, if pathological stimuli are eliminated. Alternatively, it can be transformed in a non-resolving phase, if repair mechanisms are not sufficient to deal with a large damage or if the damage is extended to intracellular compartments essential for vital cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation With AUVA, LBG, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics and Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation With AUVA, LBG, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Theuerkauf K, Obach-Schröck C, Staszyk C, Moritz A, Roscher KA. Activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte aggregates in the equine systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:448-457. [PMID: 35168432 PMCID: PMC9066687 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221077969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, activated platelets contribute to sepsis complications and to multiple organ failure. In our prospective analytical study of cases of the equine systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), we adapted a standard human protocol for the measurement of activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) in equine platelet-leukocyte-rich plasma (PLRP) by flow cytometry, and we investigated the hypothesis that activated platelets and PLAs are increased in clinical cases of SIRS. We included 17 adult horses and ponies fulfilling at least 2 SIRS criteria, and 10 healthy equids as controls. Activation of platelets was determined by increased expression of CD62P on platelets. Activated platelets and PLAs were measured before and after in vitro activation of platelets with collagen. Median expression of CD62P on platelets was significantly increased after activation in the control group: 1.45% (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.08-1.99%) initially versus 8.78% (IQR: 6.79-14.78%, p = 0.002) after activation. The equids with SIRS had significantly more activated platelets and PLAs in native PLRP than controls: CD62P 4.92% (median, IQR: 2.21-12.41%) versus 1.45% in controls (median, IQR: 1.08-1.99%, p = 0.0007), and PLAs 4.16% (median, IQR: 2.50-8.58%) versus 2.95% in controls (median, IQR: 1.57-3.22%, p = 0.048). To our knowledge, increased platelet activation and PLAs have not been demonstrated previously with flow cytometry in clinical cases of equine SIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Obach-Schröck
- Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Theuerkauf, Roscher), Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology (Obach-Schröck, Staszyk), Clinical Pathophysiology and Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Moritz), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Staszyk
- Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Theuerkauf, Roscher), Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology (Obach-Schröck, Staszyk), Clinical Pathophysiology and Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Moritz), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Theuerkauf, Roscher), Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology (Obach-Schröck, Staszyk), Clinical Pathophysiology and Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Moritz), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja A Roscher
- Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Theuerkauf, Roscher), Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology (Obach-Schröck, Staszyk), Clinical Pathophysiology and Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Moritz), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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14
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Exploring New Kingdoms: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Oxi-Inflamm-Aging Related to Cardiorenal Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010078. [PMID: 35052582 PMCID: PMC8773353 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of age associated chronic diseases has increased in recent years. Although several diverse causes produce these phenomena, abundant evidence shows that oxidative stress plays a central role. In recent years, numerous studies have focused on elucidating the role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of both aging and chronic diseases, opening the door to the discovery of new underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways. Among them, senolytics and senomorphics, and extracellular vesicles offer new therapeutic strategies to slow the development of aging and its associated chronic diseases by decreasing oxidative stress. In this review, we aim to discuss the role of extracellular vesicles in human cardiorenal syndrome development and their possible role as biomarkers, targets, or vehicles of drugs to treat this syndrome.
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15
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Puga ML, Menegueti MG, Silvestrini MMA, de Souza Santos LJ, Ferreira-Nogueira R, Basile-Filho A, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Auxiliadora-Martins M. Performance of microvesicles as biomarkers of clinical outcome in sepsis and trauma: A pilot study. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112490. [PMID: 34891115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains one of the main causes of death in intensive care unit (ICU) worldwide, despite all technological and scientific advances. Microvesicles (MV) have become promising biomarkers for quick and accurate monitoring of several illnesses. The aim of this pilot study was to characterize and evaluate the performance of MV as biomarker of clinical outcome in septic and trauma patients. For this purpose, 39 subjects, both genders, aging from 18 to 85 years were included in three groups referred as Sepsis, Trauma and Healthy Control. Kinetic analysis of MV was carried out at four consecutive time points: admission (baseline)/T1, 24 h/T2, 72 h/T3 and outcome/T4 of discharge or death. At admission, an overall increase in total MV (Annexin V+) was observed in Sepsis.MV CD14+ (monocytes) was a putative biomarker to identify trauma patients, while MV CD3+ (T-cells) and CD41+ (platelets) were qualified to discriminated Trauma from Sepsis. Sepsis (Death) presented an increase in MV Annexin V+, CD45+, CD16+, CD14+, and CD41+ in comparison to Sepsis (Discharge). Moreover, Trauma (Death) presented an increase of MV CD3+ and CD235+ as compared to Trauma (Discharge). Analysing the ROC curve of specific MV evaluated according to performance, an accuracy of 100% was found to segregate the outcome in sepsis, and 95% in trauma. Our findings suggest that MV might be useful as a potential role in discriminating outcome in patients with sepsis/septic shock and trauma with high accuracy. However, further studies with a larger number of participants will be necessary to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Lourencini Puga
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Anibal Basile-Filho
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Auxiliadora-Martins
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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16
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Burgelman M, Vandendriessche C, Vandenbroucke RE. Extracellular Vesicles: A Double-Edged Sword in Sepsis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080829. [PMID: 34451925 PMCID: PMC8399948 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. Several studies on mouse and patient sepsis samples have revealed that the level of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the blood is altered compared to healthy controls, but the different functions of EVs during sepsis pathology are not yet completely understood. Sepsis EVs are described as modulators of inflammation, lymphocyte apoptosis, coagulation and organ dysfunction. Furthermore, EVs can influence clinical outcome and it is suggested that EVs can predict survival. Both detrimental and beneficial roles for EVs have been described in sepsis, depending on the EV cellular source and the disease phase during which the EVs are studied. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of EV sources and functions during sepsis pathology based on in vitro and mouse models, as well as patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Burgelman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.B.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.B.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.B.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-3313730
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17
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Karpman D, Tontanahal A. Extracellular vesicles in renal inflammatory and infectious diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:42-54. [PMID: 33933600 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles can mediate cell-to-cell communication, or relieve the parent cell of harmful substances, in order to maintain cellular integrity. The content of extracellular vesicles includes miRNAs, mRNAs, growth factors, complement factors, cytokines, chemokines and receptors. These may contribute to inflammatory and infectious diseases by the exposure or transfer of potent effectors that induce vascular inflammation by leukocyte recruitment and thrombosis. Furthermore, vesicles release cytokines and induce their release from cells. Extracellular vesicles possess immune modulatory and anti-microbial properties, and induce receptor signaling in the recipient cell, not least by the transfer of pro-inflammatory receptors. Additionally, the vesicles may carry virulence factors systemically. Extracellular vesicles in blood and urine can contribute to the development of kidney diseases or exhibit protective effects. In this review we will describe the role of EVs in inflammation, thrombosis, immune modulation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, renal tubular regeneration and infection. Furthermore, we will delineate their contribution to renal ischemia/reperfusion, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, thrombotic microangiopathies, IgA nephropathy, acute kidney injury, urinary tract infections and renal transplantation. Due to their content of miRNAs and growth factors, or when loaded with nephroprotective modulators, extracellular vesicles have the potential to be used as therapeutics for renal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Karpman
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ashmita Tontanahal
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22185, Lund, Sweden
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18
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Kronstadt SM, Pottash AE, Levy D, Wang S, Chao W, Jay SM. Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Sepsis Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000259. [PMID: 34423113 PMCID: PMC8378673 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a deadly condition lacking a specific treatment despite decades of research. This has prompted the exploration of new approaches, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerging as a focal area. EVs are nanosized, cell-derived particles that transport bioactive components (i.e., proteins, DNA, and RNA) between cells, enabling both normal physiological functions and disease progression depending on context. In particular, EVs have been identified as critical mediators of sepsis pathophysiology. However, EVs are also thought to constitute the biologically active component of cell-based therapies and have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects in sepsis models. The dual nature of EVs in sepsis is explored here, discussing their endogenous roles and highlighting their therapeutic properties and potential. Related to the latter component, prior studies involving EVs from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and other sources are discussed and emerging producer cells that could play important roles in future EV-based sepsis therapies are identified. Further, how methodologies could impact therapeutic development toward sepsis treatment to enhance and control EV potency is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Kronstadt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alex E Pottash
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wei Chao
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering and Program in Molecular and, Cell Biology, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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19
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Machhi J, Shahjin F, Das S, Patel M, Abdelmoaty MM, Cohen JD, Singh PA, Baldi A, Bajwa N, Kumar R, Vora LK, Patel TA, Oleynikov MD, Soni D, Yeapuri P, Mukadam I, Chakraborty R, Saksena CG, Herskovitz J, Hasan M, Oupicky D, Das S, Donnelly RF, Hettie KS, Chang L, Gendelman HE, Kevadiya BD. A Role for Extracellular Vesicles in SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics and Prevention. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:270-288. [PMID: 33544324 PMCID: PMC7862527 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the common designation for ectosomes, microparticles and microvesicles serving dominant roles in intercellular communication. Both viable and dying cells release EVs to the extracellular environment for transfer of cell, immune and infectious materials. Defined morphologically as lipid bi-layered structures EVs show molecular, biochemical, distribution, and entry mechanisms similar to viruses within cells and tissues. In recent years their functional capacities have been harnessed to deliver biomolecules and drugs and immunological agents to specific cells and organs of interest or disease. Interest in EVs as putative vaccines or drug delivery vehicles are substantial. The vesicles have properties of receptors nanoassembly on their surface. EVs can interact with specific immunocytes that include antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells and other mononuclear phagocytes) to elicit immune responses or affect tissue and cellular homeostasis or disease. Due to potential advantages like biocompatibility, biodegradation and efficient immune activation, EVs have gained attraction for the development of treatment or a vaccine system against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) infection. In this review efforts to use EVs to contain SARS CoV-2 and affect the current viral pandemic are discussed. An emphasis is made on mesenchymal stem cell derived EVs' as a vaccine candidate delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Farah Shahjin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Srijanee Das
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Milankumar Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Mai Mohamed Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jacob D Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Preet Amol Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, PB, India
| | - Ashish Baldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, PB, India
| | - Neha Bajwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, PB, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Lalit K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Tapan A Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences (PDPIAS), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Anand, Gujarat, 388421, India
| | - Maxim D Oleynikov
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Dhruvkumar Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Pravin Yeapuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Insiya Mukadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rajashree Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Caroline G Saksena
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - David Oupicky
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Suvarthi Das
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, 94304, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Kenneth S Hettie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 94304, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, and Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 21201, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, PB, India.
| | - Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
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20
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Matei E, Aschie M, Mitroi AF, Ghinea MM, Gheorghe E, Petcu L, Dobrin N, Chisoi A, Mihaela M. Biomarkers involved in evaluation of platelets function in South-Eastern Romanian patients with hematological malignancies subtypes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25944. [PMID: 34011073 PMCID: PMC8137019 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT At present, various researches presented how subtypes of hematological malignancies are related to stages of the immune response, because the activated immune system represents a promising form in cancer treatment. This study explores the relationship between the adaptive immune system (T cells), and the coagulation system (platelets, platelet membrane glycoproteins, platelets derivate microparticles) which seems to play an important role in host immune defense of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) or B cell lymphoma (BCL), 2 of the most common hematological malignancies subtypes.Blood samples (n = 114) obtained from patients with AML or BCL were analyzed for platelet membrane glycoproteins (CD42b, CD61), glycoprotein found on the surface of the T helper cells (CD4+), protein complex-specific antigen for T cells (CD3+), platelet-derived microparticles (CD61 PMP) biomarkers by flow cytometry, and hematological parameters were quantified by usual methods.In patients with AML, the means of the percentage of the expressions of the molecules on platelet surfaces (CD61 and CD42b, P < .01; paired T test) were lower as compared to both control subgroups. The expression of cytoplasmic granules content (CD61 PMP) had a significantly higher value in patients with AML reported to controlling subgroups (P < .01; paired T test), which is suggesting an intravascular activation of platelets.The platelet activation status was presented in patients with low stage BCL because CD61 and CD42b expressions were significantly higher than control subgroups, but the expression of CD 61 PMP had a significantly decreased value reported to control subgroups (all P < .01; paired T test). T helper/inducer lineage CD4+ and T lymphoid lineage CD3+ expressions presented significant differences between patients with AML or low stage BCL reported to control subgroups (all P < .01; paired T test).Platelet-lymphocyte interactions are involved in malignant disorders, and CD61, CD42b present on platelet membranes, as functionally active surface receptors mediate the adhesion of active platelets to lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and cancer cells.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blood Platelets/immunology
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- CD3 Complex/blood
- Cell Adhesion/immunology
- Cell-Derived Microparticles
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Integrin beta3/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/blood
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Platelet Activation/immunology
- Platelet Count
- Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex/analysis
- Romania
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matei
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, CEDMOG
| | - Mariana Aschie
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, CEDMOG
- Clinical Service of Pathology
| | - Anca Florentina Mitroi
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, CEDMOG
- Clinical Service of Pathology
| | - Mihaela Maria Ghinea
- Internal Medicine-Hematology Department, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital
| | - Emma Gheorghe
- Medicine Faculty, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Lucian Petcu
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, CEDMOG
| | - Nicolae Dobrin
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, CEDMOG
| | - Anca Chisoi
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, CEDMOG
- Internal Medicine-Hematology Department, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital
| | - Manea Mihaela
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, CEDMOG
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21
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Wegrzyn G, Walborn A, Rondina M, Fareed J, Hoppensteadt D. Biomarkers of Platelet Activation and Their Prognostic Value in Patients With Sepsis-Associated Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:1076029620943300. [PMID: 33586482 PMCID: PMC7894689 DOI: 10.1177/1076029620943300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is related to marked hemostatic changes such as transient thrombocytopenia secondary to the endogenous activation and consumption of platelets. This study measured markers of platelet function in 103 adult ICU patients with clinically established sepsis-associated DIC to determine the biomarker association with disease severity. Patients were categorized as having no DIC, nonovert DIC, or overt DIC using the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis scoring system. Plasma levels of CD40L, platelet factor 4 (PF4), platelet-derived microparticles, and microparticle-associated tissue factor were quantified. Markers of platelet activation were significantly elevated in patients with DIC compared to healthy individuals. This increase was independent of platelet count. Levels of PF4 differed based on the severity of DIC and differentiated nonsurvivors and survivors. These findings suggest that the markers of platelet activation in DIC may not be regulated by the number of circulating platelets and may be independent of the factors leading to their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracelene Wegrzyn
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Amanda Walborn
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Rondina
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah and the GRECC, George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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22
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Extracellular vesicles as mediators and markers of acute organ injury: current concepts. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2021; 48:1525-1544. [PMID: 33533957 PMCID: PMC7856451 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the continued high incidence and mortality rate worldwide, there is a need to develop new strategies for the quick, precise, and valuable recognition of presenting injury pattern in traumatized and poly-traumatized patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to facilitate intercellular communication processes between cells in close proximity as well as distant cells in healthy and disease organisms. miRNAs and proteins transferred by EVs play biological roles in maintaining normal organ structure and function under physiological conditions. In pathological conditions, EVs change the miRNAs and protein cargo composition, mediating or suppressing the injury consequences. Therefore, incorporating EVs with their unique protein and miRNAs signature into the list of promising new biomarkers is a logical next step. In this review, we discuss the general characteristics and technical aspects of EVs isolation and characterization. We discuss results of recent in vitro, in vivo, and patients study describing the role of EVs in different inflammatory diseases and traumatic organ injuries. miRNAs and protein signature of EVs found in patients with acute organ injury are also debated.
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Behrens F, Holle J, Kuebler WM, Simmons S. Extracellular vesicles as regulators of kidney function and disease. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:22. [PMID: 33336297 PMCID: PMC7746786 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, lipid bilayer-delimited particles of cellular origin that recently gained increasing attention for their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers, and beyond that for their role in intercellular communication and as regulators of homeostatic and disease processes. In acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), the potential use of EVs as diagnostic and prognostic markers has been evaluated in a series of clinical studies and contributions to pathophysiologic pathways have been investigated in experimental models. While EV concentrations in biofluids could not distinguish renal patients from healthy subjects or determine disease progression, specific EV subpopulations have been identified that may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic tools in AKI. Specific EV subpopulations are also associated with clinical complications in sepsis-induced AKI and in CKD. Beyond their role as biomarkers, pathophysiologic involvement of EVs has been shown in hemolytic uremic syndrome- and sepsis-induced AKI as well as in cardiovascular complications of CKD. On the other hand, some endogenously formed or therapeutically applied EVs demonstrate protective effects pointing toward their usefulness as emerging treatment strategy in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Behrens
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Holle
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's, Toronto, Canada. .,Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Szandor Simmons
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Chatterjee V, Yang X, Ma Y, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Extracellular vesicles: new players in regulating vascular barrier function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1181-H1196. [PMID: 33035434 PMCID: PMC7792704 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00579.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted rising interests in the cardiovascular field not only because they serve as serological markers for circulatory disorders but also because they participate in important physiological responses to stress and inflammation. In the circulation, these membranous vesicles are mainly derived from blood or vascular cells, and they carry cargos with distinct molecular signatures reflecting the origin and activation state of parent cells that produce them, thus providing a powerful tool for diagnosis and prognosis of pathological conditions. Functionally, circulating EVs mediate tissue-tissue communication by transporting bioactive cargos to local and distant sites, where they directly interact with target cells to alter their function. Recent evidence points to the critical contributions of EVs to the pathogenesis of vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction during inflammatory response to injury or infection. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the current knowledge on EV biology and advanced techniques in EV isolation and characterization. This is followed by a discussion focusing on the role and mechanisms of EVs in regulating blood-endothelium interactions and vascular permeability during inflammation. We conclude with a translational perspective on the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs in vascular injury or infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mack H Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
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Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are vascular, nonconventional immune cells that play a major role in the systemic response after bacterial infection to limit its dissemination. Triggered by exposure to pathogens, microbial toxins, or endogenous danger signals, EC responses are polymorphous, heterogeneous, and multifaceted. During sepsis, ECs shift toward a proapoptotic, proinflammatory, proadhesive, and procoagulant phenotype. In addition, glycocalyx damage and vascular tone dysfunction impair microcirculatory blood flow, leading to organ injury and, potentially, life-threatening organ failure. This review aims to cover the current understanding of the EC adaptive or maladaptive response to acute inflammation or bacterial infection based on compelling recent basic research and therapeutic clinical trials targeting microvascular and endothelial alterations during septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Joffre
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Cardiovascular Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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26
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Exploiting the Natural Properties of Extracellular Vesicles in Targeted Delivery towards Specific Cells and Tissues. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111022. [PMID: 33114492 PMCID: PMC7692617 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication that participate in many physiological/pathological processes. As such, EVs have unique properties related to their origin, which can be exploited for drug delivery applications in cell regeneration, immunosuppression, inflammation, cancer treatment or cardioprotection. Moreover, their cell-like membrane organization facilitates uptake and accumulation in specific tissues and organs, which can be exploited to improve selectivity of cargo delivery. The combination of these properties with the inclusion of drugs or imaging agents can significantly improve therapeutic efficacy and selectivity, reduce the undesirable side effects of drugs or permit earlier diagnosis of diseases. In this review, we will describe the natural properties of EVs isolated from different cell sources and discuss strategies that can be applied to increase the efficacy of targeting drugs or other contents to specific locations. The potential risks associated with the use of EVs will also be addressed.
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Walborn A, Rondina M, Fareed J, Hoppensteadt D. Development of an Algorithm to Predict Mortality in Patients With Sepsis and Coagulopathy. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2020; 26:1076029620902849. [PMID: 32129085 PMCID: PMC7288806 DOI: 10.1177/1076029620902849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic response to infection with a high rate of mortality and
complex pathophysiology involving inflammation, infection response, hemostasis,
endothelium, and platelets. The purpose of this study was to develop an equation
incorporating biomarker levels at intensive care unit (ICU) admission to predict
mortality in patients with sepsis, based on the hypothesis that a combination of
biomarkers representative of multiple physiological systems would provide
improved predictive value. Plasma samples and clinical data were collected from
103 adult patients with sepsis at the time of ICU admission. Biomarker levels
were measured using commercially available methods. A 28-day mortality was used
as the primary end point. Stepwise linear regression modeling was performed to
generate a predictive equation for mortality. Differences in biomarker levels
between survivors were quantified using the Mann-Whitney test and the area under
the receiver operating curve (AUC) was used to describe predictive ability.
Significant differences (P < .05) were observed between
survivors and nonsurvivors for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (AUC = 0.70),
procalcitonin (AUC = 0.77), high mobility group box 1 (AUC = 0.67), interleukin
(IL) 6 (AUC = 0.70), IL-8 (AUC = 0.70), protein C (AUC = 0.71), angiopoietin-2
(AUC = 0.76), endocan (AUC = 0.58), and platelet factor 4 (AUC = 0.70). A
predictive equation for mortality was generated using stepwise linear regression
modeling, which incorporated procalcitonin, vascular endothelial growth factor,
the IL-6:IL-10 ratio, endocan, and platelet factor 4, and demonstrated a better
predictive value for patient outcome than any individual biomarker (AUC = 0.87).
The use of mathematical modeling resulted in the development of a predictive
equation for sepsis-associated mortality with performance than any individual
biomarker or clinical scoring system which incorporated biomarkers
representative of multiple systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Walborn
- Departments of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Rondina
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah and the GRECC, George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Departments of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Departments of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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28
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Qiu Q, Dan X, Yang C, Hardy P, Yang Z, Liu G, Xiong W. Increased airway T lymphocyte microparticles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induces airway epithelial injury. Life Sci 2020; 261:118357. [PMID: 32861794 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, T lymphocyte microparticles (TLMPs) originated from CEM T lymphoblast-like cell line induced enhanced production of inflammation-associated cytokines and apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs). To measure TLMP subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to explore the effects of MPs derived from different T cell subpopulations on airway epithelium, this study was conducted. A hospital-based case-control study including 47 COPD patients and 28 healthy volunteers was performed. The cellular origins of MPs from airway in COPD and controls were evaluated using flow cytometry. CD4+ or CD8+ TLMPs were isolated by MACS to investigate their effects on HBEs in vitro. The numbers of MPs derived from T lymphocytes in BALF as well as these subpopulations (CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes) were significantly upregulated in COPD patients compared with healthy volunteers. However, there was no significant difference between stable COPD and patients with acute exacerbation. Additionally, significant correlation between CD4+ and CD8+ TLMPs was observed, however neither type nor total level of TLMPs was correlated with any base parameter. Furthermore, isolated CD4+ and CD8+ TLMPs reduced cell viability and induced significant production of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-2, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in HBEs, while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were decreased. TLMPs in the airways, as putative biomarkers, may lead to airway epithelial injury and inflammation and serve essential roles in the pathophysiology of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qiu
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Dan
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Hardy
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Tripathi D, Biswas B, Manhas A, Singh A, Goyal D, Gaestel M, Jagavelu K. Proinflammatory Effect of Endothelial Microparticles Is Mitochondria Mediated and Modulated Through MAPKAPK2 (MAPK-Activated Protein Kinase 2) Leading to Attenuation of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:1100-1112. [PMID: 31070456 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective- This study investigates the functional significance of mitochondria present in endothelial microparticles (EMP) and how MK2 (MAPKAPK2 [MAPK-activated protein kinase 2]) governs EMP production and its physiological effect on cardiac hypertrophy. Approach and Results- Flow cytometric analysis, confocal imaging, oxygen consumption rate measurement through Seahorse were used to confirm the presence of functionally active mitochondria in nontreated EMP (EMP derived from untreated control cells), lipopolysaccharide, and oligomycin treatment increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species activity in EMP (EMP derived from cells treated with lipopolysaccharide and EMP derived from cells treated with oligomycin, respectively). The dysfunctional mitochondria contained in EMP derived from cells treated with lipopolysaccharide and EMP derived from cells treated with oligomycin induced the expression of proinflammatory mediators in the target endothelial cells leading to the augmented adhesion of human monocytic cell line on EA.hy926 cells. Multiphoton real-time imaging detected the increased adherence of EMP derived from cells treated with oligomycin at the site of carotid artery injury as compared to EMP derived from untreated control cells. MK2 regulates EMP generation during inflammation by reducing E-selectin expression and regulating the cytoskeleton rearrangement through ROCK-2 (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2) pathway. MK2-deficient EMP reduced the E-selectin and ICAM-1 (intracellular adhesion molecule-1) expression on target endothelial cells leading to reduced monocyte attachment and reduced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Conclusions- MK2 promotes the proinflammatory effect of EMP mediated through dysfunctional mitochondria. MK2 modulates the inflammatory effect induced during cardiac hypertrophy through EMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Tripathi
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India (D.T., B.B., A.M., A.S., D.G., K.J.).,Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India (D.T., A.M., A.S., K.J.)
| | - Bharti Biswas
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India (D.T., B.B., A.M., A.S., D.G., K.J.)
| | - Amit Manhas
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India (D.T., B.B., A.M., A.S., D.G., K.J.).,Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India (D.T., A.M., A.S., K.J.)
| | - Abhinav Singh
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India (D.T., B.B., A.M., A.S., D.G., K.J.).,Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India (D.T., A.M., A.S., K.J.)
| | - Dipika Goyal
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India (D.T., B.B., A.M., A.S., D.G., K.J.)
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.G.)
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India (D.T., B.B., A.M., A.S., D.G., K.J.).,Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India (D.T., A.M., A.S., K.J.)
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30
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Amoura L, El-Ghazouani FZ, Kassem M, El Habhab A, Kreutter G, Sahraoui S, Bosco D, Jessel N, Berney T, Benhamou PY, Toti F, Kessler L. Assessment of plasma microvesicles to monitor pancreatic islet graft dysfunction: Beta cell- and leukocyte-derived microvesicles as specific features in a pilot longitudinal study. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:40-51. [PMID: 31319009 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Markers of early pancreatic islet graft dysfunction and its causes are lacking. We monitored 19 type 1 diabetes islet-transplanted patients for up to 36 months following last islet injection. Patients were categorized as Partial (PS) or complete (S) Success, or Graft Failure (F), using the β-score as an indicator of graft function. F was the subset reference of maximum worsened graft outcome. To identify the immune, pancreatic, and liver contribution to the graft dysfunction, the cell origin and concentration of circulating microvesicles (MVs) were assessed, including MVs from insulin-secreting β-cells typified by polysialic acid of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), and data were compared with values of the β-score. Similar ranges of PSA-NCAM+ -MVs were found in healthy volunteers and S patients, indicating minimal cell damage. In PS, a 2-fold elevation in PSA-NCAM+ -MVs preceded each β-score drop along with a concomitant rise in insulin needs, suggesting β-cell damage or altered function. Significant elevation of liver asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)+ -MVs, endothelial CD105+ -MVs, neutrophil CD66b+ -MVs, monocyte CD 14+ -MVs, and T4 lymphocyte CD4+ -MVs occurred before each β-score drop, CD8+ -MVs increased only in F, and B lymphocyte CD19+ -MVs remained undetectable. In conclusion, PSA-NCAM+ -MVs are noninvasive early markers of transplant dysfunction, while ASGPR+ -MVs signal host tissue remodeling. Leukocyte MVs could identify the cause of graft dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Amoura
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CLINICA Group, Contract Research Organization, Alger, Algeria
| | - Fatiha Z El-Ghazouani
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohamad Kassem
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ali El Habhab
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Kreutter
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Salah Sahraoui
- CLINICA Group, Contract Research Organization, Alger, Algeria
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Department of Surgery, Islet Isolation, and Transplantation, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Jessel
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Berney
- Department of Surgery, Islet Isolation, and Transplantation, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Benhamou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics Grenoble, Inserm U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Toti
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Kessler
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Federation of Translational Medicine (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
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31
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Macia L, Nanan R, Hosseini-Beheshti E, Grau GE. Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010107. [PMID: 31877909 PMCID: PMC6982009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are blebs of either plasma membrane or intracellular membranes carrying a cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. EVs are produced by eukaryotic cells both under physiological and pathological conditions. Genetic and environmental factors (diet, stress, etc.) affecting EV cargo, regulating EV release, and consequences on immunity will be covered. EVs are found in virtually all body fluids such as plasma, saliva, amniotic fluid, and breast milk, suggesting key roles in immune development and function at different life stages from in utero to aging. These will be reviewed here. Under pathological conditions, plasma EV levels are increased and exacerbate immune activation and inflammatory reaction. Sources of EV, cells targeted, and consequences on immune function and disease development will be discussed. Both pathogenic and commensal bacteria release EV, which are classified as outer membrane vesicles when released by Gram-negative bacteria or as membrane vesicles when released by Gram-positive bacteria. Bacteria derived EVs can affect host immunity with pathogenic bacteria derived EVs having pro-inflammatory effects of host immune cells while probiotic derived EVs mostly shape the immune response towards tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (G.E.G.); Tel.: +61-2-8627-6525 (L.M.); +61-2-9036-3260 (G.E.G.)
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School Nepean, Penrith 2751, Australia
| | - Elham Hosseini-Beheshti
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Vascular Immunology Unit, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Georges E. Grau
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Vascular Immunology Unit, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (G.E.G.); Tel.: +61-2-8627-6525 (L.M.); +61-2-9036-3260 (G.E.G.)
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32
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Kerris EWJ, Hoptay C, Calderon T, Freishtat RJ. Platelets and platelet extracellular vesicles in hemostasis and sepsis. J Investig Med 2019; 68:813-820. [PMID: 31843956 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelets, cell fragments traditionally thought of as important only for hemostasis, substantially and dynamically contribute to the immune system's response to infection. In addition, there is increasing evidence that externally active platelet entities, including platelet granules and platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs), play a role not only in hemostasis, but also in inflammatory actions previously ascribed to platelets themselves. Given the functions of platelets and PEVs during inflammation and infection, their role in sepsis is being investigated. Sepsis is a condition marked by the dysregulation of the body's normal activation of the immune system in response to a pathogen. The mechanisms for controlling infection locally become detrimental to the host if they are applied systemically. Similar to cells traditionally ascribed to the immune system, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages, platelets are instrumental in helping a host clear an infection, but are also implicated in the uncontrolled amplification of the immune response that leads to sepsis. Clearly, the function of platelets is more complicated than its simple structure and primary role in hemostasis initially suggest. This review provides an overview of platelet and platelet extracellular vesicle structure and function, highlighting the complex role platelets and PEVs play in the body in the context of infection and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W J Kerris
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claire Hoptay
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thais Calderon
- Department of Medical Education, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Freishtat
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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33
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Lopez E, Srivastava AK, Burchfield J, Wang YW, Cardenas JC, Togarrati PP, Miyazawa B, Gonzalez E, Holcomb JB, Pati S, Wade CE. Platelet-derived- Extracellular Vesicles Promote Hemostasis and Prevent the Development of Hemorrhagic Shock. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17676. [PMID: 31776369 PMCID: PMC6881357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year more than 500,000 deaths are attributed to trauma worldwide and severe hemorrhage is present in most of them. Transfused platelets have been shown to improve survival in trauma patients, although its mechanism is only partially known. Platelet derived-extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are small vesicles released from platelets upon activation and/or mechanical stimulation and many of the benefits attributed to platelets could be mediated through PEVs. Based on the available literature, we hypothesized that transfusion of human PEVs would promote hemostasis, reduce blood loss and attenuate the progression to hemorrhagic shock following severe trauma. In this study, platelet units from four different donors were centrifuged to separate platelets and PEVs. The pellets were washed to obtain plasma-free platelets to use in the rodent model. The supernatant was subjected to tangential flow filtration for isolation and purification of PEVs. PEVs were assessed by total count and particle size distribution by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and characterized for cells of origin and expression of EV specific-surface and cytosolic markers by flow cytometry. The coagulation profile from PEVs was assessed by calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) and thromboelastography (TEG). A rat model of uncontrolled hemorrhage was used to compare the therapeutic effects of 8.7 × 108 fresh platelets (FPLT group, n = 8), 7.8 × 109 PEVs (PEV group, n = 8) or Vehicle (Control, n = 16) following severe trauma. The obtained pool of PEVs from 4 donors had a mean size of 101 ± 47 nm and expressed the platelet-specific surface marker CD41 and the EV specific markers CD9, CD61, CD63, CD81 and HSP90. All PEV isolates demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in the rate and amount of thrombin generated and overall clot strength. In vivo experiments demonstrated a 24% reduction in abdominal blood loss following liver trauma in the PEVs group when compared with the control group (9.9 ± 0.4 vs. 7.5 ± 0.5 mL, p < 0.001>). The PEV group also exhibited improved outcomes in blood pressure, lactate level, base excess and plasma protein concentration compared to the Control group. Fresh platelets failed to improve these endpoints when compared to Controls. Altogether, these results indicate that human PEVs provide pro-hemostatic support following uncontrolled bleeding. As an additional therapeutic effect, PEVs improve the outcome following severe trauma by maintaining hemodynamic stability and attenuating the development of ischemia, base deficit, and cardiovascular shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Lopez
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Burchfield
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yao-Wei Wang
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica C Cardenas
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Byron Miyazawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erika Gonzalez
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John B Holcomb
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shibani Pati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles E Wade
- Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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Antonova OA, Yakushkin VV, Mazurov AV. Coagulation Activity of Membrane Microparticles. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747819030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cell-derived microvesicles in infective endocarditis: Role in diagnosis and potential for risk stratification at hospital admission. J Infect 2019; 79:101-107. [PMID: 31207323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the plasmatic profile of cell-derived microvesicles (MVs) at diagnosis and during the treatment of patients with infective endocarditis (IE). METHODS Blood samples from 57 patients with IE were obtained on 3 consecutive moments: upon admission (T0), at 2 weeks (T1), and at the end of treatment (T2), and were compared with 22 patients with other bacterial infections. MPs were measured by flow cytometry and labeled for specific cell markers of CD45 (leukocytes), CD66b (neutrophils), CD14 (monocytes), CD41a (platelets), CD51 (endothelial cells), CD3 (T lymphocyte) and CD235a (erythrocytes). RESULTS MVs from platelets (pltMVs), leukocytes (leukMVs), neutrophils (neutMVs), monocytes (monoMVs) and lymphocytes (lymphMVs) were significantly more elevated in the patients with IE, compared to the patients with other bacterial infections, despite comparable age, sex, blood counts and C-reactive protein levels. MVs values revealed a relatively stable pattern over time in IE, except for a significant increase in leukMVs and neutMVs in T1. LeukMVs (p = 0.011), neutMVs (p = 0.010), monoMVs (p = 0.016) and lymphMVs (p = 0.020), measured at admission, were significantly higher in IE patients that died during hospitalization in comparison with those that survived. In a multivariable analyses, the levels of neutMVs remained as an independent factor associated with mortality (odds ratio 2.203; 95% confidence interval 1.217 - 3.988; p = 0.009), adjustment for heart failure during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of pltMVs, leukMVs, neutMVs, monoMVs and lymphMVs were significantly more elevated in patients with IE than in patients with other bacterial infections at hospital admission. Furthermore, neutMVs at admission have been identified as an independent predictor of mortality in patients with IE. Thus, cell derived MPs may become an important tool in the differential diagnosis and mortality risk assessment early in the course of IE suspected cases.
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Microvesicle Subsets in Sepsis Due to Community Acquired Pneumonia Compared to Faecal Peritonitis. Shock 2019; 49:393-401. [PMID: 28930915 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Microvesicles (MV) act as a nonsoluble means of intercellular communication, with effector roles in disease pathogenesis and potentially as biomarkers. Previously, we reported that neutrophil MV expressing alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2MG) are protective in experimental sepsis and associate with survival in a small cohort of patients with sepsis due to community acquired pneumonia (CAP). OBJECTIVES To characterize MV profiles in sepsis due to CAP or fecal peritonitis (FP) and determine their relation to outcome. To investigate the effects of novel sepsis treatments (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon-υ (IFN-γ)) on MV production and functions in vitro. METHODS Flow cytometry analysis of MV identified the cell of origin and the proportion of A2MG expression in the plasma of patients with sepsis secondary to CAP (n = 60) or FP (n = 40) and compared with healthy volunteers (HV, n = 10). The association between MV subsets and outcome was examined. The ability of GM-CSF and IFN-γ on A2MG MV production from whole blood was examined together with the assessment of their effect on neutrophil and endothelial functions. RESULTS Circulating cell-derived and A2MG MV were higher in CAP compared with FP and HV. A2MG MV were higher in survivors of CAP, but not in FP. GM-CSF and IFN-γ enhanced A2MG MV production, with these MV eliciting pathogen clearance in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Plasma MV profiles vary according to the source of infection. A2MG MV are associated with survival in CAP but not FP. We propose specific MV subsets as novel biomarkers in sepsis and potential effector for some of the actions of experimental therapeutic interventions.
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Exosomes and microvesicles in normal physiology, pathophysiology, and renal diseases. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:11-30. [PMID: 29181712 PMCID: PMC6244861 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived membrane particles ranging from 30 to 5,000 nm in size, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. They are released under physiological conditions, but also upon cellular activation, senescence, and apoptosis. They play an important role in intercellular communication. Their release may also maintain cellular integrity by ridding the cell of damaging substances. This review describes the biogenesis, uptake, and detection of extracellular vesicles in addition to the impact that they have on recipient cells, focusing on mechanisms important in the pathophysiology of kidney diseases, such as thrombosis, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, immune modulation, and inflammation. In kidney diseases, extracellular vesicles may be utilized as biomarkers, as they are detected in both blood and urine. Furthermore, they may contribute to the pathophysiology of renal disease while also having beneficial effects associated with tissue repair. Because of their role in the promotion of thrombosis, inflammation, and immune-mediated disease, they could be the target of drug therapy, whereas their favorable effects could be utilized therapeutically in acute and chronic kidney injury.
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Słomka A, Urban SK, Lukacs-Kornek V, Żekanowska E, Kornek M. Large Extracellular Vesicles: Have We Found the Holy Grail of Inflammation? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2723. [PMID: 30619239 PMCID: PMC6300519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The terms microparticles (MPs) and microvesicles (MVs) refer to large extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated from a broad spectrum of cells upon its activation or death by apoptosis. The unique surface antigens of MPs/MVs allow for the identification of their cellular origin as well as its functional characterization. Two basic aspects of MP/MV functions in physiology and pathological conditions are widely considered. Firstly, it has become evident that large EVs have strong procoagulant properties. Secondly, experimental and clinical studies have shown that MPs/MVs play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of inflammation-associated disorders. A cardinal feature of these disorders is an enhanced generation of platelets-, endothelial-, and leukocyte-derived EVs. Nevertheless, anti-inflammatory effects of miscellaneous EV types have also been described, which provided important new insights into the large EV-inflammation axis. Advances in understanding the biology of MPs/MVs have led to the preparation of this review article aimed at discussing the association between large EVs and inflammation, depending on their cellular origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Słomka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sabine Katharina Urban
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Lukacs-Kornek
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ewa Żekanowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Kornek
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Boscolo A, Campello E, Bertini D, Spiezia L, Lucchetta V, Piasentini E, Radu CM, Manesso L, Ori C, Simioni P. Levels of circulating microparticles in septic shock and sepsis-related complications: a case-control study. Minerva Anestesiol 2018; 85:625-634. [PMID: 30481997 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.18.12782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microparticles (MP) have been largely studied as potential biomarkers in septic shock (SS) though their biological and clinical relevance is still unclear. This case-control study describes the trend of various MP subtypes during SS to evaluate their possible association with severity of illness and sepsis-related complications (disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC] and acute kidney injury [AKI]). METHODS Forty patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with SS and 40 matched healthy volunteers were recruited. AnnexinV+, E-selectin+, thrombomodulin (TM+), leukocyte-derived (CD45+, CD36+) and platelet-derived MP (PMP-expressed as PMP/platelets ratio) were measured by flow-cytometry at baseline, on day 1, 3 and 7 after diagnosis. Severity of illness was assessed by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score, duration of vasoactive support and mechanical ventilation. Sepsis-related complications were considered. RESULTS Overall, septic patients showed higher levels of all MP considered compared to controls. TM+MP were significantly lower in more severe sepsis, while CD36+MP and PMP/platelets ratio were significantly increased in patients requiring longer vasoactive support and mechanical ventilation. As for sepsis-related complications, a higher PMP/platelets ratio in patients who developed DIC and increased E-selectin+MP in subjects who developed AKI were observed. PMP/platelets ratio at baseline was significantly associated with longer vasoactive support (OR=1.59 [1.05-2.42]), longer mechanical ventilation (OR=1.6 [1.06-2.42]) and DIC occurrence (OR=1.45 [1.08-1.96]). CONCLUSIONS A global response through extra-vesiculation of endothelial cells, leukocytes and platelets during the early stages of SS was confirmed. The cellular activation was detected until day 3 after diagnosis. PMP/platelets ratio at diagnosis may be useful to evaluate SS severity and DIC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Boscolo
- Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Campello
- Unit of Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Diana Bertini
- Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Spiezia
- Unit of Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lucchetta
- Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piasentini
- Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia M Radu
- Unit of Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo Manesso
- Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Ori
- Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Unit of Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy -
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Schwertz H, Rondina MT. Platelets and their Microparticles go hand in hand. Thromb Res 2018; 168:164-165. [PMID: 30060877 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansjörg Schwertz
- Program in Molecular Medicine in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Program in Molecular Medicine in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; The Department of Internal Medicine, in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, and the Department of Internal Medicine at the George E. Wahlen Salt Lake City VAMC in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Puskarich MA, Cornelius DC, Bandyopadhyay S, McCalmon M, Tramel R, Dale WD, Jones AE. Phosphatidylserine expressing platelet microparticle levels at hospital presentation are decreased in sepsis non-survivors and correlate with thrombocytopenia. Thromb Res 2018; 168:138-144. [PMID: 30064685 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis induced platelet activation releases platelet microparticles (PMPs). PMPs express phosphatidylserine (PS) and can serve as a scaffold for the prothrombinase complex, thereby promoting coagulation. Studies of PMPs in intensive care unit sepsis patients demonstrate mixed results, while the earliest changes and potential effects of clinical interventions remain understudied. We hypothesized PMPs would be associated with patient outcome and dysfunctional coagulation shortly after emergency department presentation with sepsis. METHODS Cohort study of patients from a single center enrolled in a previously published randomized control trial comparing two early resuscitation strategies. Adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected infection, ≥2 SIRS criteria, and either systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg or lactate >4 mmol/L were eligible. Triple positive platelet microparticles (PMPs) expressing phosphatidylserine and integrin complexes alphaIIb (CD41) and beta3 (CD61) were quantitated using plasma from the time of enrollment. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included platelet count, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and prothrombin time (PT). RESULTS 193 patients were enrolled and 184 had samples available. In-hospital mortality was 21%. 10 (5%) patients developed DIC. Median platelet count was 197 (IQR 135, 280) and PT was 13.2 (IQR 11.9, 16.8). Median triple positive PMP counts were 932 per μL (IQR 381, 1872). PMPs were significantly lower in non-survivors (575 vs 1128, p = 0.02) and non-significantly lower in DIC (387 vs 942, p = 0.17). PMPs demonstrated a positive linear association with platelet count (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.21). After adjusting for platelet count, PMPs were no longer significant predictors of mortality (p = 0.28). We observed no association between PMPs and PT. CONCLUSION Similar to patients enrolled later in the intensive care unit, PS-expressing PMPs are lower in emergency department sepsis non-survivors. These changes primarily reflect the degree of thrombocytopenia, and an independent prognostic role was not observed. Future studies should control for platelet count in assessment of PMP prognosis in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Puskarich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55415, United States of America.
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Sibali Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Maggie McCalmon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Robert Tramel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Wood D Dale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Alan E Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
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Wang Y, Ouyang Y, Liu B, Ma X, Ding R. Platelet activation and antiplatelet therapy in sepsis: A narrative review. Thromb Res 2018; 166:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Raeven P, Zipperle J, Drechsler S. Extracellular Vesicles as Markers and Mediators in Sepsis. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:3348-3365. [PMID: 29930734 PMCID: PMC6010985 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It remains a highly lethal condition in which current tools for early diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making are far from ideal. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), 30 nm to several micrometers in size, are released from cells upon activation and apoptosis and express membrane epitopes specific for their parental cells. Since their discovery two decades ago, their role as biomarkers and mediators in various diseases has been intensively studied. However, their potential importance in the sepsis syndrome has gained attention only recently. Sepsis and EVs are both complex fields in which standardization has long been overdue. In this review, several topics are discussed. First, we review current studies on EVs in septic patients with emphasis on their variable quality and clinical utility. Second, we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs as well as their role as facilitators of cell communication via micro RNA and the relevance of micro-organism-derived EVs. Third, we give an overview over the potential beneficial but also detrimental roles of EVs in sepsis. Finally, we focus on the role of EVs in selected intensive care scenarios such as coagulopathy, mechanical ventilation and blood transfusion. Overall, the prospect for EV use in septic patients is bright, ranging from rapid and precise (point-of-care) diagnostics, prevention of harmful iatrogenic interventions, to using EVs as guides of individualized therapy. Before the above is achieved, however, the EV research field requires reliable standardization of the current methods and development of new analytical procedures that can close the existing technological gaps.
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45
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Hosseini-Beheshti E, Grau GER. Extracellular vesicles as mediators of immunopathology in infectious diseases. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:694-703. [PMID: 29577413 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, extracellular vesicles have emerged as important elements in cell-cell communication and as key players in disease pathogenesis via transmission of their cargo between different cells. Various works have described different subpopulations of these membrane structures, based on their cell of origin, biogenesis, size, biophysical properties and cargo. In addition to their pathophysiological role in the development and progression of different diseases including infectious diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, extracellular vesicles are now recognized for their potential as novel therapeutic targets and intelligent drug delivery system. Here, we have reviewed the most recent data on different subtypes of extracellular vesicles, focusing on microvesicles and exosomes and their subpopulations, their involvement in immune-mediated pathogenesis of various infectious diseases and their role as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hosseini-Beheshti
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Marie Bashir Institute and The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Georges Emile Raymond Grau
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Marie Bashir Institute and The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Pieper IL, Radley G, Christen A, Ali S, Bodger O, Thornton CA. Ovine Leukocyte Microparticles Generated by the CentriMag Ventricular Assist Device In Vitro. Artif Organs 2018; 42:E78-E89. [PMID: 29512167 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are a life-saving form of mechanical circulatory support in heart failure patients. However, VADs have not yet reached their full potential due to the associated side effects (thrombosis, bleeding, infection) related to the activation and damage of blood cells and proteins caused by mechanical stress and foreign materials. Studies of the effects of VADs on leukocytes are limited, yet leukocyte activation and damage including microparticle generation can influence both thrombosis and infection rates. Therefore, the aim was to develop a multicolor flow cytometry assessment of leukocyte microparticles (LMPs) using ovine blood and the CentriMag VAD as a model for shear stress. Ovine blood was pumped for 6 h in the CentriMag and regular samples analyzed for hemolysis, complete blood counts and LMP by flow cytometry during three different pump operating conditions (low flow, standard, high speed). The high speed condition caused significant increases in plasma-free hemoglobin; decreases in total leukocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets; increases in CD45+ LMPs as well as two novel LMP populations: CD11bbright /HLA-DR- and CD11bdull /HLA-DR+ , both of which were CD14- /CD21- . CD11bbright /HLA-DR- LMPs appeared to respond to an increase in shear magnitude whereas the CD11bdull /HLA-DR+ LMPs significantly increased in all pumping conditions. We propose that these two populations are released from granulocytes and T cells, respectively, but further research is needed to better characterize these two populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Laura Pieper
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK.,Calon Cardio-Technology Ltd, Institute of Life Science, Swansea, UK
| | - Gemma Radley
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK.,Calon Cardio-Technology Ltd, Institute of Life Science, Swansea, UK
| | - Abigail Christen
- Calon Cardio-Technology Ltd, Institute of Life Science, Swansea, UK
| | - Sabrina Ali
- Calon Cardio-Technology Ltd, Institute of Life Science, Swansea, UK
| | - Owen Bodger
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
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Iba T, Levy JH. Inflammation and thrombosis: roles of neutrophils, platelets and endothelial cells and their interactions in thrombus formation during sepsis. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:231-241. [PMID: 29193703 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response and the activation of coagulation are two important responses in a host's defense against infection. These mechanisms do not work independently, but cooperate in a complex and synchronous manner. Recent research has also shed light on the critical role of thrombus formation, which prevents the dissemination of microorganisms. The cellular components of blood vessels, i.e. leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, and vascular endothelial cells, play significant roles in the development of thrombi in combination with activation of the coagulation system. In addition to the cellular components, alarmins such as histones and high-mobility group box 1, microparticles and secreted granule proteins are all important for clot formation. In this summary, we review the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced coagulopathy and the role of cellular components and critical factors released from damaged cells. In addition, we review important therapeutic approaches that have been developed, are under investigation and are currently available in certain countries, including antithrombin, recombinant thrombomodulin, anti-Toll-like receptor 4 therapy, anti-damage associated molecular pattern therapy, and hemoadsorption with a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Endothelial pathology is considered to play a key role in septic shock. Since endothelial-derived microvesicles (MV) are elevated in various diseases associated with endothelial pathology, they are considered surrogate markers of the endothelial state. By analyzing the signature of circulating MV with high-sensitivity flow cytometry (hsFC), we wanted to test the hypothesis whether endothelial-derived MV are increased in septic shock. METHODS MV in blood from healthy volunteers and patients with septic shock treated in a medical intensive care unit were quantified by hsFC, which has an improved detection limit of approximately 0.3 μm. RESULTS Patients with septic shock (n = 30) showed 3-fold higher levels of CD31+/CD41- MV (58.5 (26.4-101.2) [median (25th-75th percentile)] vs. 19.5 (12.8-25.4) MV/μL; P <0.001) compared with healthy volunteers (n = 18). Absolute counts of CD144+, CD62E+, and CD106+ MV, specific for endothelial-derived MV, were low in all groups. The number of CD31+/CD41- MV correlated significantly with leukocyte count (rs = 0.64; P <0.001). Platelet-derived CD41+ MV were significantly elevated in the group dying within 48 h after inclusion (639.1 (321.3-969.7) vs. 221.5 (119.5-456.9) MV/μL; P = 0.037). Patients dying within 48 h had also significantly higher levels of CD31+/CD41-/AnnexinV- MV (51.9 (24.9-259.8) vs. 18.9 (9.7-31) MV/μL; P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Despite an improved detection limit for MV by using hsFC, counts of endothelial-specific MV are unexpectedly low in patients with septic shock. Increased amounts of CD41+ and CD31+/CD41-/AnnexinV- MV indicate release by activated platelets and possibly leukocytes correlating with unfavorable outcome.
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Degirmenci SE, Zobairi F, Berger A, Meyer G, Burban M, Mostefai HA, Levy B, Toti F, Boisramé-Helms J, Delabranche X, Meziani F. Pharmacological modulation of procoagulant microparticles improves haemodynamic dysfunction during septic shock in rats. Thromb Haemost 2017; 111:154-64. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-04-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SummaryCirculating microparticles play a pro-inflammatory and procoagulant detrimental role in the vascular dysfunction of septic shock. It was the objective of this study to investigate mechanisms by which a pharmacological modulation of microparticles could affect vascular dysfunction in a rat model of septic shock. Septic or sham rats were treated by activated protein C (aPC) and resuscitated during 4 hours. Their microparticles were harvested and inoculated to another set of healthy recipient rats. Haemodynamic parameters were monitored, circulating total procoagulant microparticles assessed by prothrombinase assay, and their cell origin characterised. Mesenteric resistance arteries, aorta and heart were harvested for western blotting analysis. We found that a) the amount and phenotype of circulating microparticles were altered in septic rats with an enhanced endothelial, leucocyte and platelet contribution; b) aPC treatment significantly reduced the generation of leucocyte microparticles and norepinephrine requirements to reach the mean arterial pressure target in septic rats; c) Microparticles from untreated septic rats, but not from aPC-treated ones, significantly reduced the healthy recipients’ mean arterial pressure; d) Microparticle thromboxane content and aPC activity were significantly increased in aPC-treated septic rats. In inoculated naïve recipients, microparticles from aPC-treated septic rats prompted reduced NF-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 arterial activation, blunted the generation of pro-inflammatory iNOS and secondarily increased platelet and endothelial microparticles. In conclusion, in this septic shock model, increased circulating levels of procoagulant microparticles led to negative haemodynamic outcomes. Pharmacological treatment by aPC modified the cell origin and levels of circulating microparticles, thereby limiting vascular inflammation and favouring haemodynamic improvement.
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Microvesicle Involvement in Shiga Toxin-Associated Infection. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9110376. [PMID: 29156596 PMCID: PMC5705991 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9110376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin is the main virulence factor of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, a non-invasive pathogen that releases virulence factors in the intestine, causing hemorrhagic colitis and, in severe cases, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). HUS manifests with acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Shiga toxin induces endothelial cell damage leading to platelet deposition in thrombi within the microvasculature and the development of thrombotic microangiopathy, mostly affecting the kidney. Red blood cells are destroyed in the occlusive capillary lesions. This review focuses on the importance of microvesicles shed from blood cells and their participation in the prothrombotic lesion, in hemolysis and in the transfer of toxin from the circulation into the kidney. Shiga toxin binds to blood cells and may undergo endocytosis and be released within microvesicles. Microvesicles normally contribute to intracellular communication and remove unwanted components from cells. Many microvesicles are prothrombotic as they are tissue factor- and phosphatidylserine-positive. Shiga toxin induces complement-mediated hemolysis and the release of complement-coated red blood cell-derived microvesicles. Toxin was demonstrated within blood cell-derived microvesicles that transported it to renal cells, where microvesicles were taken up and released their contents. Microvesicles are thereby involved in all cardinal aspects of Shiga toxin-associated HUS, thrombosis, hemolysis and renal failure.
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