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Coughlin GH, Antush MT, Vella CA. Associations of sedentary behavior and screen time with biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance. J Behav Med 2024; 47:828-838. [PMID: 38796664 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) has been linked to risk factors of cardiometabolic disease, with inconsistent findings reported in the literature. We aimed to assess the associations of SB with multiple biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance in adults. Domain-specific SB, sitting time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured in 78 adults (mean ± SD 52.0 ± 10.8 y). Body fat percentage (BF%) was assessed using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance. A blood draw assessed glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, and adiponectin. Adiponectin-leptin ratio (ALR), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-β) were calculated. Multivariable linear regression analyses, controlling for age, sex, MVPA, and BF%, were used to assess associations. After adjustment for age, sex and MVPA, total SB (7.5 ± 2.5 h/day) was positively associated with leptin, insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β (Standardized Beta (β) range 0.21-0.32) and negatively associated with ALR (β = -0.24, p < 0.05 for all). Similarly, total sitting time (7.2 ± 2.9 h/day) was associated with TNF-α (β = 0.22) and ALR (β = -0.26). These associations were attenuated to non-significance after adjustment for BF%. Leisure screen time was detrimentally associated with IL-6 (β = 0.24), leptin (β = 0.21), insulin (β = 0.37), HOMA-IR (β = 0.37), and HOMA-β (β = 0.34), independent of age, sex and MVPA (p < 0.05 for all). Only the associations with insulin (β = 0.26), HOMA-IR (β = 0.26), and HOMA-β (β = 0.23) remained significant after further controlling BF% (p < 0.05). Self-reported SB is associated with biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance, independent of MVPA, and in some cases BF%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Coughlin
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Maximilian T Antush
- Department of Movement Sciences, College of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Chantal A Vella
- Department of Movement Sciences, College of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
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2
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Ainsworth BE. Commentary on "Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among U.S. adults". JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:127-129. [PMID: 37699469 PMCID: PMC10980888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Ainsworth
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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3
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Taylor WC. Guidelines to conduct research in computer-prompt software studies to decrease sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity in the workplace. Work 2024; 77:123-131. [PMID: 37483046 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computers are ubiquitous in the workplace and facilitate prolonged sitting, which has adverse health consequences. Various computer-prompt software programs are designed to decrease sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity in the workplace. However, specific guidelines that would improve research in this area have not been published. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to present recommendations for improving computer-prompt software research, to decrease sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity in the workplace. METHODS Ten domains were identified based on deficiencies in the current literature combined with quality assessment tools to reduce the risk for bias. The ten domains include composition of the research team, behavioral sciences theoretical frameworks, research design, alert types, outcome measures, confounding factors, intervention duration, carryover effects, racial/ethnic composition, and organizational culture. RESULTS Specific recommendations are presented for each domain. The research team should include all stakeholders contributing as copartners in designing the intervention. For theory, a systems science framework was presented. Clustered randomized controlled trials were recommended, rather than randomization at the individual level. Distinct types of alerts (visual, auditory, or both) and frequency of alerts (hourly, randomly generated, or based on prolonged sitting patterns) are described. Outcome measures include average duration of sitting bouts, longest sitting bout, and number of sitting bouts. CONCLUSION Prolonged sitting and physical inactivity at work lead to major health problems. Adherence to the recommendations presented here should facilitate high-quality research and improve the health of desk-based workers by decreasing sedentary behaviors and increasing physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell C Taylor
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1150, USA. E-mail:
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4
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Sayre MK, Anyawire M, Paolo B, Mabulla AZP, Pontzer H, Wood BM, Raichlen DA. Lifestyle and patterns of physical activity in Hadza foragers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:340-356. [PMID: 37728135 PMCID: PMC10720916 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physically active lifestyles are associated with several health benefits. Physical activity (PA) levels are low in post-industrial populations, but generally high throughout life in subsistence populations. The Hadza are a subsistence-oriented foraging population in Tanzania known for being physically active, but it is unknown how recent increases in market integration may have altered their PA patterns. In this study, we examine PA patterns for Hadza women and men who engage in different amounts of traditional foraging. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and seventy seven Hadza participants (51% female, 19-87 years) wore an Axivity accelerometer (dominant wrist) for ~6 days during dry season months. We evaluated the effects of age, sex, and lifestyle measures on four PA measures that capture different aspects of the PA profile. RESULTS Participants engaged in high levels of both moderate-intensity PA and inactivity. Although PA levels were negatively associated with age, older participants were still highly active. We found no differences in PA between participants living in more traditional "bush" camps and those living in more settled "village" camps. Mobility was positively associated with step counts for female participants, and schooling was positively associated with inactive time for male participants. CONCLUSIONS The similarity in PA patterns between Hadza participants in different camp types suggests that high PA levels characterize subsistence lifestyles generally. The sex-based difference in the effects of mobility and schooling on PA could be a reflection of the Hadza's gender-based division of labor, or indicate that changes to subsistence-oriented lifestyles impact women and men in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Katherine Sayre
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Audax Z P Mabulla
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Alansare AB, Gibbs BB, Holzman C, Jennings JR, Kline CE, Nagle E, Catov JM. Isotemporal Associations of Device-Measured Sedentary Time and Physical Activity with Cardiac-Autonomic Regulation in Previously Pregnant Women. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:497-508. [PMID: 35819720 PMCID: PMC9832172 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High sedentary time (ST) and low physical activity may increase cardiovascular risk, potentially though cardiac-autonomic dysregulation. This study investigated associations of statistically exchanging device-measured ST and physical activity with measures of cardiac-autonomic regulation in previously pregnant women. METHOD This cross-sectional, secondary analysis included 286 women (age = 32.6 ± 5.7 years; 68% white) measured 7-15 years after delivery. ST and light (LPA), moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) intensity physical activity were measured by ActiGraph GT3X. ST was further partitioned into long (≥ 30 min) and short (< 30 min) bouts. MVPA was also partitioned into long (≥ 10 min) and short (< 10 min) bouts. Cardiac-autonomic regulation was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) (resting heart rate, natural log transformed standard deviation of normal R-R intervals [lnSDNN], natural log-transformed root mean square of successive differences [lnRMSSD]) from a 5-min seated ECG. Progressive isotemporal substitution models adjusted for confounders. Sensitivity analyses removed women with related underlying medical conditions and who did not meet respiration rate criteria. RESULTS Initial analyses found no significant associations with HRV when exchanging 30 min of ST and physical activity (p > 0.05). Yet, replacing long- and short-bout ST with 30 min of long-bout MVPA yielded significantly higher (healthier) lnRMSSD (B = 0.063 ± 0.030 and B = 0.056 ± 0.027, respectively; both p < 0.05). Sensitivity analyses strengthened these associations and yielded further associations of higher lnSDNN and lnRMSSD when replacing 30 min of short-bout MVPA with equivalent amounts of long-bout MVPA (B = 0.074 ± 0.037 and B = 0.091 ± 0.046, respectively). CONCLUSION Replacing ST with long-bout MVPA is a potential strategy to improve cardiac-autonomic function in previously pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Bandar Alansare
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, King Khalid Rd, B69-G1 Building, Riyadh, 80200, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Health and Human Development, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, 140 Trees Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Claudia Holzman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - J Richard Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Christopher E Kline
- Department of Health and Human Development, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, 140 Trees Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nagle
- Department of Health and Human Development, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, 140 Trees Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Janet M Catov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Santiago JA, Quinn JP, Potashkin JA. Physical Activity Rewires the Human Brain against Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6223. [PMID: 35682902 PMCID: PMC9181322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity may offset cognitive decline and dementia, but the molecular mechanisms by which it promotes neuroprotection remain elusive. In the absence of disease-modifying therapies, understanding the molecular effects of physical activity in the brain may be useful for identifying novel targets for disease management. Here we employed several bioinformatic methods to dissect the molecular underpinnings of physical activity in brain health. Network analysis identified 'switch genes' associated with drastic hippocampal transcriptional changes in aged cognitively intact individuals. Switch genes are key genes associated with dramatic transcriptional changes and thus may play a fundamental role in disease pathogenesis. Switch genes are associated with protein processing pathways and the metabolic control of glucose, lipids, and fatty acids. Correlation analysis showed that transcriptional patterns associated with physical activity significantly overlapped and negatively correlated with those of neurodegenerative diseases. Functional analysis revealed that physical activity might confer neuroprotection in Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's (HD) diseases via the upregulation of synaptic signaling pathways. In contrast, in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) its effects are mediated by restoring mitochondrial function and energy precursors. Additionally, physical activity is associated with the downregulation of genes involved in inflammation in AD, neurogenesis in FTD, regulation of growth and transcriptional repression in PD, and glial cell differentiation in HD. Collectively, these findings suggest that physical activity directs transcriptional changes in the brain through different pathways across the broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. These results provide new evidence on the unique and shared mechanisms between physical activity and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judith A. Potashkin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Department, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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Sarria-Santamera A, Alexeyeva Z, Yen Chan M, Ortega MA, Asunsolo-del-Barco A, Navarro-García C. Direct and Indirect Costs Related to Physical Activity Levels in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040752. [PMID: 35455929 PMCID: PMC9027157 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health concern. DM is importantly linked to the modern lifestyle. Lifestyle-based interventions currently represent a critical preventive and therapeutic approach for patients with DM. Increasing physical activity has proven multiple benefits to prevent this condition; however, there is still room for further progress in this field, especially in terms of the effect of exercise in patients with already established DM. This study intends to examine the economic relationship between physical activity and direct/indirect costs in patients with DM. We analyze a national representative sample (n = 1496) of the general population of Spain, using available data from the National Health Survey of 2017 (NHS 2017). Our results show that 63.7% of the sample engaged in some degree of physical activity, being more frequent in men (67.5%), younger individuals (80.0%), and those with higher educational levels (69.7%). Conversely, lower levels of physical activity were associated with female sex, older subjects, and various comorbidities. Our study estimates that 2151 € per (51% in direct costs) patient may be saved if a minimum level of physical activity is implemented, primarily, due to a decrease in indirect costs (absenteeism and presenteeism). This study shows that physical activity will bring notable savings in terms of direct and indirect costs in patients with DM, particularly in some vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sarria-Santamera
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (M.Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhanna Alexeyeva
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (M.Y.C.)
| | - Mei Yen Chan
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (M.Y.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angel Asunsolo-del-Barco
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Carlos Navarro-García
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, Universidad Alfonso X, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
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O’Neill CD, Vidal-Almela S, Terada T, Way KL, Kamiya K, Sperlich B, Duking P, Chaput JP, Prince SA, Pipe AL, Reed JL. Moving Together While Staying Apart: Practical Recommendations for 24-Hour Home-Based Movement Behaviours for Those With Cardiovascular Disease. CJC Open 2021; 3:1495-1504. [PMID: 34778736 PMCID: PMC8573736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 is a global public health crisis that disproportionately affects those with preexisting conditions. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and many key CVD risk factors are modifiable (e.g., physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, obesity). To limit the spread of coronavirus 2019, most governments have implemented restrictions and recommended staying at home, reducing social contact to a select and exclusive few, and limiting large gatherings. Such public health constraints may have unintended, negative health consequences on 24-hour movement behaviours. The primary purpose of this review is to provide practical at-home recommendations for sedentary time, sleep, and physical activity in those living with CVD. Adults with CVD will benefit from practical recommendations to reduce sedentary time, increase purposeful exercise, and maintain optimal sleep patterns while being at home and adhering to public health restrictions. Our recommendations include the following: (i) self-monitoring sitting time; (ii) engaging in 2-3 days per week of purposeful exercise for those with low exercise capacity and > 3 days per week for those with moderate-to-high exercise capacity; (iii) self-monitoring exercise intensity through the use of scales or wearable devices; (iv) maintaining a regular sleep schedule; and (v) moving daily. Clinicians should be aware that clear communication of the importance of limiting prolonged sedentary time, engaging in regular physical activity and exercise, and ensuring optimal sleep in association with the provision of clear, comprehensible, and practical advice is fundamental to ensuring that those living with CVD respond optimally to the challenges posed by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley D. O’Neill
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sol Vidal-Almela
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institut du savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Ontario, Canada
| | - Tasuku Terada
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberley L. Way
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kentaro Kamiya
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Wuerzburg, Wurzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Peter Duking
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Wuerzburg, Wurzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Jean-Phillipe Chaput
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Prince
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew L. Pipe
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Reed
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Park KH, Yoo EY, Kim J, Hong I, Lee JS, Park JH. Applying Latent Profile Analysis to Identify Lifestyle Profiles and Their Association with Loneliness and Quality of Life among Community-Dwelling Middle- and Older-Aged Adults in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12374. [PMID: 34886100 PMCID: PMC8656840 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the multi-faceted lifestyle profiles of community-dwelling middle- and older-aged adults based on their physical activity, participation in various activities, and nutrition. It identified the association of lifestyle profiles with demographic variables, quality of life, and mental health. The analysis included 569 participants (mean age = 60.2; SD = 4.3). Latent profile analysis identified three distinctive lifestyle profiles: "inactive and unbalanced" (36.4%), "basic life maintenance" (54.6%), and "active and balanced" (9.1%). Sex (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), and regular medication intake (p < 0.01) were statistically significantly different among the three profiles. Of the "inactive and unbalanced" lifestyle group, 63.3% of it was comprised of by females, and a relatively large distribution was aged over 65. In the "basic life maintenance" subgroup, males showed a relatively large distribution, and 92.6% of participants were aged 55-64. People with active and balanced lifestyles demonstrated high quality of life levels (p < 0.001) and low loneliness levels (p < 0.01). Multinomial logistic regression revealed a statistically significant positive association between lifestyle profiles and quality of life (p < 0.001) as well as mental health (p < 0.01). Therefore, health promotion that considers multi-faceted lifestyle factors would need to improve health and quality of life among community-dwelling middle- and older-aged adults in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hyun Park
- Super-Aged Society New Normal Lifestyle Research Institute, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea;
| | - Eun-Young Yoo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (E.-Y.Y.); (J.K.); (I.H.)
| | - Jongbae Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (E.-Y.Y.); (J.K.); (I.H.)
| | - Ickpyo Hong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (E.-Y.Y.); (J.K.); (I.H.)
| | - Jae-Shin Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyuk Park
- Super-Aged Society New Normal Lifestyle Research Institute, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea;
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (E.-Y.Y.); (J.K.); (I.H.)
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10
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Liu H, O'Brien MW, Johns JA, Kimmerly DS. Does aerobic fitness impact prolonged sitting-induced popliteal artery endothelial dysfunction? Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:3233-3241. [PMID: 34417882 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute prolonged bouts of sitting reduce popliteal artery blood flow and flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Individuals with higher aerobic fitness have enhanced popliteal FMD. Conflicting evidence regarding whether more aerobically fit individuals are protected from the negative impacts of sitting on popliteal endothelial function in male-dominated studies have been reported. We further explored the relationship between aerobic fitness and sitting-induced impairments in popliteal blood flow and FMD in a more sex-balanced cohort. METHODS Relative peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) was assessed using a cycling-based incremental test in 21 healthy adults (eight males; 23 ± 2 years; 23.9 ± 2.9 kg/m2). Popliteal blood flow and relative FMD (%) were measured via duplex ultrasonography before and after 3 h of uninterrupted sitting. Pearson correlations were performed separately between V̇O2peak versus pre-sitting and sitting-induced reductions in popliteal outcomes. RESULTS Aerobic fitness (41.0 ± 9.7 ml/kg/min) was positively correlated with pre-sitting popliteal blood flow (65 ± 23 mL/min; R = 0.59, P = 0.005) and relative FMD (4.2 ± 1.5%; R = 0.49, P = 0.03). As expected, sitting reduced resting blood flow (19 ± 11 mL/min) and FMD (1.9 ± 0.7%) (both, P < 0.001). V̇O2peak was inversely related to sitting-induced declines in blood flow (Δ-46 ± 23 mL/min; R = - 0.71, P < 0.001) and FMD (Δ-2.4 ± 1.5%; R = - 0.51, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Although higher aerobic fitness was associated with more favorable popliteal endothelial-dependent vasodilator responses, it also corresponded with larger sitting-induced impairments in FMD. This suggests that being more aerobically fit does not protect against sitting-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. As such, all young adults should minimize habitual prolonged sedentary bouts, regardless of their aerobic fitness level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Liu
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Myles W O'Brien
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jarrett A Johns
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Derek S Kimmerly
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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11
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Alme KN, Askim T, Assmus J, Mollnes TE, Naik M, Næss H, Saltvedt I, Ueland PM, Ulvik A, Knapskog AB. Investigating novel biomarkers of immune activation and modulation in the context of sedentary behaviour: a multicentre prospective ischemic stroke cohort study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:318. [PMID: 34399717 PMCID: PMC8365944 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sedentary behaviour is associated with disease, but the molecular mechanisms are not understood. Valid biomarkers with predictive and explanatory properties are required. Therefore, we have investigated traditional and novel biomarkers of inflammation and immune modulation and their association to objectively measured sedentary behaviour in an ischemic stroke population. Methods Patients admitted to hospital with acute ischemic stroke were included in the multicentre Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke (Nor-COAST) study (n = 815). For this sub-study (n = 257), sedentary behaviour was registered 3 months after stroke using position transition data from the body-worn sensor, ActivPal®. Blood samples were analysed for high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10), neopterin, tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), and three B6 vitamers, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal (PL), and pyridoxic acid (PA). The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR) and the pyridoxic acid ratio index (PAr = PA: PL + PLP) were calculated. Results Of the 815 patients included in the main study, 700 attended the three-month follow-up, and 257 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study. Sedentary time was significantly associated with levels of hsCRP, IL-6, neopterin, PAr-index, and KA adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, and creatinine. In a fully adjusted model including all the significant biomarkers except hsCRP (because of missing values), sedentary time was independently positively associated with the PAr-index and negatively with KA. We did not find an association between sedentary behaviour, IL-10, and KTR. Conclusions The PAr-index is known to capture several modes of inflammation and has previously shown predictive abilities for future stroke. This novel result indicates that the PAr-index could be a useful biomarker in future studies on sedentary behaviour and disease progression. KA is an important modulator of inflammation, and this finding opens new and exciting pathways to understand the hazards of sedentary behaviour. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02650531). First posted 08/01/2016. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02343-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Nordheim Alme
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Torunn Askim
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jörg Assmus
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, and K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mala Naik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Halvor Næss
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for age-related medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Geriatrics, Clinic of internal medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Anne-Brita Knapskog
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Taylor WC, Williams JR, Harris LE, Shegog R. Computer Prompt Software to Reduce Sedentary Behavior and Promote Physical Activity Among Desk-Based Workers: A Systematic Review. HUMAN FACTORS 2021:187208211034271. [PMID: 34392738 DOI: 10.1177/00187208211034271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Do computer prompt software programs at the workplace reduce sitting time and/or increase physical activity at work? BACKGROUND Many products are promoted and being used in the workplace; however, their effectiveness and use are unknown or the evidence base that they work to change behavior is lacking. METHOD We searched for relevant papers published between 2005 and 2020. The inclusion criteria were computer prompt software programs installed as behavioral change interventions; interventions implemented during work hours and delivered through a work personal computer or laptop; and measures of sedentary behavior and/or physical activity. To minimize risk of bias, three recommended best-evidence synthesis criteria were used: random assignment, sample size, and external validity. Based on these criteria, articles were selected and evaluated. RESULTS Six publications met the quality threshold for review. Seven articles did not meet the quality threshold. Four of the six included publications found that computer prompt software programs decreased sedentary behavior and/or increased physical activity. Two publications reported inconsistent results. CONCLUSIONS The promising results from this systematic review indicate that there is potential for computer prompt software programs to improve the health of desk-based workers. For conclusive findings, more high-quality, scientific studies are needed. APPLICATION The best-evidence publications in this review can serve as a guide in selecting and implementing computer prompt software programs at the workplace to decrease sedentary behavior and increase physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell C Taylor
- 1233812340 The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA
| | | | - Lauren E Harris
- 3989 The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - Ross Shegog
- 3989 The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
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13
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Brodie A, Pavey T, Newton C, Sendall MC. Australian bus drivers' modifiable and contextual risk factors for chronic disease: A workplace study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255225. [PMID: 34324584 PMCID: PMC8321218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about workplace health promotion for bus drivers. Bus drivers are at-risk of chronic disease because they are exposed to the risk factor combination of poor nutrition, low levels of physical activity, high levels of sedentary time and are often overweight or obese. The purpose of this paper is to situate the quantitative baseline data collected from bus drivers within qualitative findings about the socio-cultural context of the workplace. MATERIALS AND METHODS Baseline data about physical activity, dietary intake and sedentary hours was collected from 58 drivers employed by a large bus company in southeast Queensland. Ten drivers and seven key workplace informants participated in interviews and discussion groups about driver health behaviours, workplace structure, culture, and resources. RESULTS The quantitative results of our study reveal bus drivers have a cluster of poor health behaviours-limited physical activity, lower than recommended consumption of fruit and vegetables and high levels of sitting time during working-hours-which contribute to a high prevalence of overweight and obesity and a heightened risk of chronic disease. The qualitative findings suggest there are individual and structural barriers to improving drivers' modifiable health behaviours. Individual barriers include ingrained poor habits and more pressing life concerns, while structural barriers in the context of the workplace include time constraints, shift work, long days, a lack of work amenities and a general disconnect of drivers with their workplace. CONCLUSION In this workplace, health promotion strategies for bus drivers should be prioritised as a means of improving drivers' health. To maximise uptake and effectiveness, these strategies should make use of existing workplace resources and consider the context of workplace health behaviour change. Further research is warranted in a broader sample of Australian bus companies to explore the context of workplace health behavior change so targeted strategies to improve bus drivers' health can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Brodie
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Toby Pavey
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cameron Newton
- School of Management, QUT Business School, Faculty of Business and Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marguerite C. Sendall
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Understanding Variations in the Health Consequences of Sedentary Behavior: A Taxonomy of Social Interaction, Novelty, Choice, and Cognition. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:153-161. [PMID: 34257158 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The study of sedentary behaviors requires taxonomies (classification schemes) to standardize data collection, measurements, and outcomes. Three taxonomies of sedentary behaviors have been identified, but none address an important challenge in sedentary behavior research, which is to distinguish between beneficial and detrimental health effects of various sedentary behaviors. Some sedentary behaviors (e.g., reading) are associated with positive health outcomes, whereas other sedentary behaviors (e.g., television viewing) are associated with adverse health outcomes. To address directly this complexity and present a different conception and understanding of discrepant findings related to health outcomes, a new taxonomy is needed. The development of the new taxonomy is guided by analysis of literature and selection of a relevant and informative behavioral sciences theoretical framework (i.e., self-determination theory). Because older adults are an increasing percentage of the population and report a high prevalence of sedentary behaviors, the new taxonomy was designed for older adults with potential application to all age groups. Taylor's taxonomy of sedentary behaviors is parsimonious with four domains: social interaction (i.e., not solitary, companionship, interacting, and connecting with others); novelty (i.e., refreshingly new, unusual, or different); choice (i.e., volition, preferred option or alternative, the power, freedom, or decision to choose); and cognition (i.e., mentally stimulating and engaging).
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15
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Werneck AO, Oyeyemi AL, Collings PJ, Cyrino ES, Ronque ERV, Szwarcwald CL, Sardinha LB, Silva DRP. Physical activity can attenuate, but not eliminate, the negative relationships of high TV viewing with some chronic diseases: findings from a cohort of 60 202 Brazilian adults. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:e7-e15. [PMID: 31774533 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the joint associations of leisure time physical activity and television (TV) viewing time with the prevalence of chronic diseases among Brazilian adults. METHODS Data from the Brazilian Health Survey, a nationally representative survey conducted in 2013 (n = 60 202; ≥18 years), were used. Time spent in TV viewing and leisure physical activity, physician diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension and heart disease and information on co-variables (chronological age, education, ethnicity, candies/sweets consumption, sodium intake and tobacco smoking) were collected via interview. Descriptive statistics (mean and 95% confidence interval) and logistic regression models were used for etiological analyses. RESULTS Physical activity attenuated but did not eliminate the risk associated with high TV viewing for at least one chronic disease in the general population [odds ratio [OR]: 1.29 (1.11-1.50)] and among women [OR: 1.31 (1.09-1.60)], adults [OR: 1.24 (1.05-1.46)] and older adults [OR: 1.63 (1.05-2.53)]. On the other hand, physical activity eliminated the risk associated with high TV viewing for at least one chronic disease among men [OR: 1.24 (0.98-1.58)]. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that physical activity can attenuate but not eliminate the negative effects of high TV viewing on chronic disease among subgroups of Brazilian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Department of Physical Education,Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Department of Physical Education, Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Enio R V Ronque
- Department of Physical Education, Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER - Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Danilo R P Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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16
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Bergens O, Nilsson A, Papaioannou KG, Kadi F. Sedentary Patterns and Systemic Inflammation: Sex-Specific Links in Older Adults. Front Physiol 2021; 12:625950. [PMID: 33613317 PMCID: PMC7892961 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.625950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to examine sex-specific associations between objectively measured sedentary patterns and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in older adults when considering the moderating impact of physical activity (PA). Accelerometer-based monitoring of sedentary patterns and PA was conducted in a population of older men (n = 83; age: 67.4 ± 1.5; height: 178.7 ± 6.6 cm; weight: 80.9 ± 10.6 kg) and women (n = 146; age: 67.4 ± 1.6; height: 164.2 ± 6.1 cm; weight: 64.6 ± 10.1 kg) aged 65-70. Blood samples were collected for the assessment of the inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-18, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Total and bouts of ≥10 min of sedentary time were inversely associated with the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 in older men (accumulated sedentary time: β = -0.116; bouts: β = -0.099; all p < 0.05). Associations were independent of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total PA volume. In women, total and bouts of ≥10 min of sedentary time were detrimentally associated with the pro-inflammatory marker fibrinogen (accumulated sedentary time: β = -0.130; bouts: β = -0.085; all p < 0.05). Associations remained between accumulated sedentary time and fibrinogen when adjusting for MVPA and total PA volume. This study highlights sex-specific routes by which sedentary patterns impact on pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in older adults. The findings support efforts to promote accumulation of time spent in PA at the expense of time in sedentary pursuits on low-grade inflammation in older men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Bergens
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Andreas Nilsson
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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17
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Zhu X, Zhao L, Chen J, Lin C, Lv F, Hu S, Cai X, Zhang L, Ji L. The Effect of Physical Activity on Glycemic Variability in Patients With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:767152. [PMID: 34867812 PMCID: PMC8635769 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.767152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of physical activity on glycemic variability remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the overall effect of physical activity treatment on glycemic variability in patients with diabetes. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for clinical trials that conducted in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus with reports of the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), or time below range (TBR). Eligible trials were analyzed by fixed-effect model, random effect model, and meta-regression analysis accordingly. RESULTS In total, thirteen trials were included. Compared with the control group, physical activity intervention was significantly associated with increased TIR (WMDs, 4.17%; 95% CI, 1.11 to 7.23%, P<0.01), decreased MAGE (WMDs, -0.68 mmol/L; 95% CI, -1.01 to -0.36 mmol/L, P<0.01) and decreased TAR (WMDs, -3.54%; 95% CI, -5.21 to -1.88%, P<0.01) in patients with diabetes, but showed insignificant effects on TBR. Patients with higher baseline BMI levels was associated with a greater decrease in MAGE (β=-0.392, 95% CI: -0.710, -0.074), and patients with lower baseline HbA1c levels was associated with a greater increase in TBR during physical activities (β=-0.903, 95% CI: -1.550, -0.255). CONCLUSION Physical activity was associated with significantly decreased glycemic variability in patients with diabetes. Patients with higher BMI might benefit more from physical activity therapy in terms of a lower MAGE. Hypoglycemia associated with physical activity treatment still warranted caution, especially in patients with intensive glycemic control. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO [CRD42021259807].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Langfang Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Suiyuan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Cai, ; Li Zhang, ; Linong Ji,
| | - Li Zhang
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Cai, ; Li Zhang, ; Linong Ji,
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Cai, ; Li Zhang, ; Linong Ji,
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18
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Alme KN, Knapskog AB, Næss H, Naik M, Beyer M, Ellekjaer H, English C, Hansen HI, Kummeneje CS, Munthe-Kaas R, Saltvedt I, Seljeseth Y, Tan X, Thingstad P, Askim T. Is long-bout sedentary behaviour associated with long-term glucose levels 3 months after acute ischaemic stroke? A prospective observational cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037475. [PMID: 33243789 PMCID: PMC7692836 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sedentary behaviour is a risk factor for vascular disease and stroke patients are more sedentary than their age-matched peers. The association with glucose levels, as a potential mediator, is unclear, and we have investigated the association between long-bout sedentary behaviour and long-term glucose levels in stroke survivors. METHODS This study uses data from the Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke study, a multicentre cohort study. The patients were recruited at hospital admission for acute stroke, and the follow-up was done at the outpatient clinic. Sedentary behaviour-being in a sitting or reclining position-was registered 3 months after stroke using position transition data from the body-worn sensor activPAL attached to the unaffected thigh. A MATLAB script was developed to extract activity data from 08:00 to 10:00 for 4 days and to categorise the data into four bout-length categories. The primary outcome was glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), analysed at 3 months. Regression models were used to analyse the association between HbA1c and sedentary behaviour in the whole population and stratified based on a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Age, body mass index and the use of antidiabetic drugs were added as covariates into the models. RESULTS From a total of 815 included patients, 379 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study. We found no association between time in sedentary behaviour and HbA1c in the whole stroke population. We found time in sedentary behaviour in bouts of ≥90 min to be associated with a higher HbA1c in patients with DM. CONCLUSION Long-bout sedentary time is associated with a higher HbA1c in patients with DM 3 months after ischaemic stroke. Future research should investigate the benefit of breaking up sedentary time as a secondary preventive measure. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02650531, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02650531.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Nordheim Alme
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Kavli Research Centre for Geriatrics and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne-Brita Knapskog
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Halvor Næss
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mala Naik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mona Beyer
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Ellekjaer
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Stroke Unit, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Saint Olavs Hospital University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Coralie English
- Division of Health Sciences, International Centre for Allied health Evidence, University of South Australia Division of Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Stroke Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hege Ihle Hansen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Sollesnes Kummeneje
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Munthe-Kaas
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Geriatrics, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Saint Olavs Hospital University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yngve Seljeseth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aalesund Hospital, Alesund, Norway
| | - Xiangchung Tan
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pernille Thingstad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torunn Askim
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Joo JH, Kim HJ, Park EC, Jang SI. Association between sitting time and non-alcoholic fatty live disease in South Korean population: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:212. [PMID: 32967678 PMCID: PMC7513533 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To examine the association between sitting time and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among South Koreans aged ≥20 years. Methods Data from the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for the analysis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed according to a hepatic steatosis index of > 36. Sitting time was categorized into as Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 using the age-adjusted quartile with Q4 being the longest sitting hour. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between sitting time and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in South Korean population. Results A total of 13,518 participants were enrolled. The odds for having NAFLD in Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 (sitting hours) were 1.07 (CI: 0.88–1.31), 1.16 (CI: 1.96–1.41), and 1.34 (CI: 1.11–1.61), respectively. The odds ratio increased in magnitude with longer hours of sitting time (test for trend: P-value = 0.0002). Conclusion Advising physical exercises and discouraging sedentary activities may help to alleviate NAFLD among the South Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hong Joo
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi Jun Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,27th Infantry Division Medical Dispensary Operation Branch, Hwacheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Alansare AB, Kowalsky RJ, Jones MA, Perdomo SJ, Stoner L, Gibbs BB. The Effects of a Simulated Workday of Prolonged Sitting on Seated versus Supine Blood Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity in Adults with Overweight/Obesity and Elevated Blood Pressure. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:355-366. [PMID: 32937620 PMCID: PMC7666078 DOI: 10.1159/000510294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of a simulated workday of prolonged sitting on blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) and examined whether posture (seated vs. supine) affected responses. Participants (n = 25) were adults, with overweight/obesity and elevated BP, and performed seated desk work for 7.5 h. BP and PWV were measured in seated and supine postures at baseline (7:15 a.m.), midday (12:05 p.m.), and afternoon (4:45 p.m.). Generalized linear mixed models evaluated the effects of prolonged sitting on BP and PWV within each posture and interactions by posture and sex. In the recommended postures, seated BP and supine carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid-ankle pulse wave velocity (caPWV), but not carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV), significantly increased over the simulated seated workday (all p < 0.05; effect sizes [d] ranged from 0.25 to 0.44). Whilst no posture-by-time interactions were observed (p > 0.05), BP, caPWV, and crPWV were higher when seated versus supine (main effects of posture p < 0.05; d ranged from 0.30 to 1.04). Exploratory analysis revealed that females had greater seated BP responses (p for interaction <0.05); seated PWV and supine BP and PWV responses were similar by sex (p for interaction >0.05). A simulated workday of prolonged sitting increased seated BP and supine cfPWV and caPWV, and posture minimally influenced these responses. These results add to the evidence suggesting a deleterious effect of prolonged sitting on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Bandar Alansare
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Robert J Kowalsky
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Performance, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa A Jones
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sophy J Perdomo
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Sport and Exercise, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Giurgiu M, Niermann C, Ebner-Priemer U, Kanning M. Accuracy of Sedentary Behavior-Triggered Ecological Momentary Assessment for Collecting Contextual Information: Development and Feasibility Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e17852. [PMID: 32930668 PMCID: PMC7525404 DOI: 10.2196/17852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior has received much attention in the scientific community over the past decade. There is growing evidence that sedentary behavior is negatively associated with physical and mental health. However, an in-depth understanding of the social and environmental context of sedentary behavior is missing. Information about sedentary behavior, such as how everyday sedentary behavior occurs throughout the day (eg, number and length of sedentary bouts), where, when, and with whom it takes place, and what people are doing while being sedentary, is useful to inform the development of interventions aimed at reducing sedentary time. However, examining everyday sedentary behavior requires specific methods. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is (1) to introduce sedentary behavior-triggered Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) as a methodological advancement in the field of sedentary behavior research and (2) to examine the accuracy of sedentary behavior-triggered EMA in 3 different studies in healthy adults. Moreover, we compare the accuracy of sedentary behavior-triggered EMA to simulations of random-trigger designs. METHODS Sedentary behavior-triggered EMA comprises a continuous assessment of sedentary behavior via accelerometers and repeated contextual assessments via electronic diaries (ie, an application on a smartphone). More specifically, the accelerometer analyzes and transfers data regarding body position (a sitting or lying position, or an upright position) via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to a smartphone in real time and triggers the deployment of questionnaires. Each time a participant spends a specified time (eg, 20 minutes) in a sedentary position, the e-diary triggers contextual assessments. To test the accuracy of this method, we calculated a percentage score for all triggered prompts in relation to the total number of bouts that could trigger a prompt. RESULTS Based on the accelerometer recordings, 29.3% (5062/17278) of all sedentary bouts were classified as moderate-to-long (20-40 minutes) and long bouts (≥ 41 minutes). On average, the accuracy by participant was 82.77% (3339/4034; SD 21.01%, range 71.00-88.22%) on the study level. Compared to simulations of random prompts (every 120 minutes), the number of triggered prompts was up to 47.9% (n=704) higher through the sedentary behavior-triggered EMA approach. Nearly 40% (799/2001) of all prolonged sedentary bouts (≥ 20 minutes) occurred during work, and in 57% (1140/2001) of all bouts, the participants were not alone. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary behavior-triggered EMA is an accurate method for collecting contextual information on sedentary behavior in daily life. Given the growing interest in sedentary behavior research, this sophisticated approach offers a real advancement as it can be used to collect social and environmental contextual information or to unravel dynamic associations. Furthermore, it can be modified to develop sedentary behavior-triggered mHealth interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martina Kanning
- Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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22
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Meyer JD, Ellingson LD, Buman MP, Shook RP, Hand GA, Blair SN. Current and 1-Year Psychological and Physical Effects of Replacing Sedentary Time With Time in Other Behaviors. Am J Prev Med 2020; 59:12-20. [PMID: 32418803 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sedentary time is inversely associated with health. Capturing 24 hours of behavior (i.e., sleep, sedentary, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) is necessary to understand behavior-health associations. METHODS Healthy young adults aged 20-35 years (n=423) completed the Profile of Mood States, the Perceived Stress Scale, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and anthropometric measures at baseline and 12 months. Time spent sedentary (total, in prolonged [>30 minutes] and short [≤30 minutes] bouts), in light physical activity (1.5-3.0 METs), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (>3.0 METs), and asleep, were assessed through SenseWear armband worn 24 hours/day for 10 days at baseline. Isotemporal substitution modeling evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal psychological and physical health associations of substituting sedentary time with sleep, light physical activity, or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Data were collected from 2010 to 2015 and analyzed in 2019. RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses revealed substituting prolonged sedentary time for sleep was associated with lower stress (standardized β= -0.11), better mood (-0.12), and lower BMI (-0.10). Substituting total or prolonged sedentary for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with lower body fat percentage (total, -0.22; prolonged, -0.23) and BMI (-0.40; -0.42). Higher BMI was associated with substituting total or prolonged sedentary for light physical activity (0.15; 0.17); lower BMI with substituting prolonged sedentary for short bouts (-0.09). Prospective analyses indicated substituting total or prolonged sedentary with light physical activity was associated with improved mood (-0.16; -0.14) and lower BMI (-0.15; -0.16); substituting with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with improved mood (-0.15; -0.15). CONCLUSIONS Short- and long-term psychological benefits may result from transitioning sedentary time to light physical activity or sleep, whereas increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may be required to influence physical health. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01746186.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Meyer
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
| | - Laura D Ellingson
- Division of Health and Exercise Science, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, Oregon
| | - Matthew P Buman
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Robin P Shook
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Gregory A Hand
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Colombia, South Carolina
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23
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Aldenaini N, Alqahtani F, Orji R, Sampalli S. Trends in Persuasive Technologies for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: A Systematic Review. Front Artif Intell 2020; 3:7. [PMID: 33733127 PMCID: PMC7861265 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persuasive technology (PT) is increasingly being used in the health and wellness domain to motivate and assist users with different lifestyles and behavioral health issues to change their attitudes and/or behaviors. There is growing evidence that PT can be effective at promoting behaviors in many health and wellness domains, including promoting physical activity (PA), healthy eating, and reducing sedentary behavior (SB). SB has been shown to pose a risk to overall health. Thus, reducing SB and increasing PA have been the focus of much PT work. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of PTs for promoting PA and reducing SB. Specifically, we answer some fundamental questions regarding its design and effectiveness based on an empirical review of the literature on PTs for promoting PA and discouraging SB, from 2003 to 2019 (170 papers). There are three main objectives: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of PT in promoting PA and reducing SB; (2) to summarize and highlight trends in the outcomes such as system design, research methods, persuasive strategies employed and their implementaions, behavioral theories, and employed technological platforms; (3) to reveal the pitfalls and gaps in the present literature that can be leveraged and used to inform future research on designing PT for PA and SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Aldenaini
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Felwah Alqahtani
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rita Orji
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Srinivas Sampalli
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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24
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Ding Y, Cao Y, Duffy VG, Zhang X. It is Time to Have Rest: How do Break Types Affect Muscular Activity and Perceived Discomfort During Prolonged Sitting Work. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:207-214. [PMID: 32596017 PMCID: PMC7303538 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged sitting at work can lead to adverse health outcomes. The health risk of office workers is an increasing concern for the society and industry, with prolonged sitting work becoming more prevalent. Objective This study aimed to explore the variation in muscle activities during prolonged sitting work and found out when and how to take a break to mitigate the risk of muscle symptoms. Methods A preliminary survey was conducted to find out the prevalence of muscle discomfort in sedentary work. Firstly, a 2-h sedentary computer work was designed based on the preliminary study to investigate the variation in muscle activities. Twenty-four participants took part in the electromyography (EMG) measurement study. The EMG variations in the trapezius muscle and latissimus dorsi were investigated. Then the intervention time was determined based on the EMG measurement study. Secondly, 48 participants were divided into six groups to compare the effectiveness of every break type (passive break, active break of changing their posture, and stand and stretch their body with 5 or 10 mins). Finally, data consisting of EMG amplitudes and spectra and subjective assessment of discomfort were analyzed. Results In the EMG experiment, results from the joint analysis of the spectral and amplitude method showed muscle fatigue after about 40 mins of sedentary work. In the intervention experiment, the results showed that standing and stretching for 5 mins was the most effective break type, and this type of break could keep the muscles' state at a recovery level for about 30−45 mins. Conclusions This study offers the possibility of being applied to office workers and provides preliminary data support and theoretical exploration for a follow-up early muscle fatigue detection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- School of Management Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, PR China.,School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yaqin Cao
- School of Management Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, PR China.,School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Vincent G Duffy
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- School of Management Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, PR China
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25
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Pereira JR, Zhang Z, Sousa-Sá E, Santos R, Cliff DP. Correlates of sedentary time in young children: A systematic review. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:118-130. [PMID: 32154761 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1741689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Young children appear to spend large portions of their waking time being sedentary. Understanding the correlates of sedentary time would assist in developing effective interventions among young children. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the current literature on the correlates of objectively measured sedentary time in young children aged 1-5.99y. Methods: This review was registered with PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42017081374) and aligned with the PRISMA Statement for systematic reviews. Five electronic databases (MEDline, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, SportDiscus, Scopus) were searched up to October 26, 2017 for studies investigating correlates of sedentary time measured using objective devices. A semiquantitative approach was used to synthesize data. Results: Forty-five studies were retrieved comprising 13,430 participants, and 84 correlates of sedentary time in young children were evaluated. The associations between sex, sleep habits, daily patterns (childcare vs. non-childcare hours), childcare type and sedentary time were indeterminate. Thirty-nine correlates were consistently unrelated. Forty-one potential correlates were examined in too few studies (<4) to make confident conclusions. Parental sedentary behaviour was reported 3 times and maternal sedentary behaviour was reported once. Out of these four studies, three were positively associated with child sedentary time. Conclusions: Despite reviewing 45 studies that evaluated associations for 84 correlates, this review was unable to identify any consistent correlates of sedentary time in young children. Additional research is needed in this area to provide robust evidence of the correlates of sedentary time in young children, particularly for those examined in only a small number of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Pereira
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal.,Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity - CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Z Zhang
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - E Sousa-Sá
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - R Santos
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - D P Cliff
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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26
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Abstract
Recent work suggests human physiology is not well adapted to prolonged periods of inactivity, with time spent sitting increasing cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. Health risks from sitting are generally linked with reduced levels of muscle contractions in chair-sitting postures and associated reductions in muscle metabolism. These inactivity-associated health risks are somewhat paradoxical, since evolutionary pressures tend to favor energy-minimizing strategies, including rest. Here, we examined inactivity in a hunter-gatherer population (the Hadza of Tanzania) to understand how sedentary behaviors occur in a nonindustrial economic context more typical of humans' evolutionary history. We tested the hypothesis that nonambulatory rest in hunter-gatherers involves increased muscle activity that is different from chair-sitting sedentary postures used in industrialized populations. Using a combination of objectively measured inactivity from thigh-worn accelerometers, observational data, and electromygraphic data, we show that hunter-gatherers have high levels of total nonambulatory time (mean ± SD = 9.90 ± 2.36 h/d), similar to those found in industrialized populations. However, nonambulatory time in Hadza adults often occurs in postures like squatting, and we show that these "active rest" postures require higher levels of lower limb muscle activity than chair sitting. Based on our results, we introduce the Inactivity Mismatch Hypothesis and propose that human physiology is likely adapted to more consistently active muscles derived from both physical activity and from nonambulatory postures with higher levels of muscle contraction. Interventions built on this model may help reduce the negative health impacts of inactivity in industrialized populations.
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27
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Henschel B, Gorczyca AM, Chomistek AK. Time Spent Sitting as an Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 14:204-215. [PMID: 32231486 PMCID: PMC7092398 DOI: 10.1177/1559827617728482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behavior is highly prevalent despite growing evidence of adverse effects on the cardiovascular and metabolic system that are independent of the level of recreational physical activity (PA). We present results for the association between sitting time and cardiovascular disease (CVD) from selected cohort and cross-sectional studies published in or after the year 2010 according to the domains where sitting time is accumulated during the day. These include TV viewing, occupational sitting, and sitting during transportation as well as overall sitting. The outcomes considered in this review are total CVD, coronary heart disease, and stroke as well as CVD risk factors-namely, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes and their associated biomarkers. Finally, several current issues with regard to studying the effects of sitting time on CVD are discussed, including how sedentary behavior is assessed, isotemporal substitution modeling, examination of joint associations for sitting and PA, and benefits of breaks in sitting time. Overall, the scientific evidence supports public health recommendations that encourage adults to limit their sedentary time in order to improve their cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Henschel
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University,
Bloomington, Indiana (BH, AKC)
- Center for Physical Activity and Weight
Management, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas
Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (AMG)
| | - Anna M. Gorczyca
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University,
Bloomington, Indiana (BH, AKC)
- Center for Physical Activity and Weight
Management, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas
Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (AMG)
| | - Andrea K. Chomistek
- Andrea K. Chomistek, MPH, ScD,
School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1025 E 7th
Street, Bloomington, IN 47405; e-mail:
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28
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Iturriaga T, Barcelo O, Diez-Vega I, Cordero J, Pulgar S, Fernandez-Luna A, Perez-Ruiz M. Effects of a short workplace exercise program on body composition in women: A randomized controlled trial. Health Care Women Int 2019; 41:133-146. [PMID: 31638477 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2019.1679813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity and poor diet cause alterations in body composition, which in turn increases risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Sixty-three women from different work environments were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 34) or control (n = 29) group. The intervention was a short-term aerobic exercise program (12 weeks) at their workplace. Participants assigned to the control group did not perform any form of physical exercise. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Questionnaire (KIDMED) and nutrient balance by the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Researchers suggest that a short-term aerobic exercise program produces beneficial effects on body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Iturriaga
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Olga Barcelo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Ignacio Diez-Vega
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Jorge Cordero
- Medical Service, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Alvaro Fernandez-Luna
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Margarita Perez-Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
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29
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Pereira JR, Sousa-Sá E, Zhang Z, Cliff DP, Santos R. Concurrent validity of the ActiGraph GT3X+ and activPAL for assessing sedentary behaviour in 2-3-year-old children under free-living conditions. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 23:151-156. [PMID: 31447386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ActiGraph accelerometer cut-points are commonly used to classify sedentary behaviour (SB) in young children. However, they vary from 5counts/5s to 301counts/15s, resulting in different estimates and inconsistent findings. The aim was to examine the concurrent validity of ActiGraph GT3X+cut-points against the activPAL for measuring SB in 2-3-year-olds during free-living conditions. DESIGN Observational validation-study. METHODS Sixty children were fitted with the activPAL and ActiGraph simultaneously for at least 2h. Nine ActiGraph cut-points ranging from 60 to 1488 counts per minute were used to derive SB. Bland & Altman plots and equivalent tests were performed to assess agreement between methods. RESULTS Estimates of SB according to the different ActiGraph cut-points were not within the activPAL ±10% equivalent interval (-4.05; 4.05%). The ActiGraph cut-points that showed the lower bias were 48counts/15s (equivalence lower limit: p= 0.597; equivalence upper limit: p<0.001; bias: -4.46%; limits of agreement [LoA]: -21.07 to 30.00%) and 5counts/5s (equivalence lower limit: p<0.001; equivalence upper limit: p= 0.737; bias: -5.11%; LoA: 30.43 to 20.20%). For the 25counts/15s, 37counts/15s and 48counts/15s ActiGraph cut-points, the upper limits were within the equivalent interval (p<0.001) but not the lower limits (p>0.05). When using the 5counts/5s and 181counts/15s ActiGraph cut-points, lower limits were within the equivalent interval (p<0.001) but not the upper limits (p>0.05). Confidence intervals of the remaining ActiGraph cut-points lie outside the equivalent interval. CONCLUSIONS Although none of the ActiGraph cut-points provided estimates of SB that were equivalent to activPAL; estimates from 48counts/15s and 5counts/5s displayed the smallest mean bias (˜5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Pereira
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia; Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity - CIDAF - University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Sousa-Sá
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute - IHMRI - University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia; Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure - CIAFEL - University of Porto, Portugal; Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias. Lisbon, Portugal
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30
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Resendiz M, Lustik MB, Conkright WR, West GF. Standing desks for sedentary occupations: Assessing changes in satisfaction and health outcomes after six months of use. Work 2019; 63:347-353. [PMID: 31256104 DOI: 10.3233/wor-192940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standing desks are a low cost option for the reduction of sedentary behavior. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated changes in utility and health outcomes during a standing desk intervention. METHODS Thirty-five participants (BMI >25) who reported sitting an average of≥six hours per workday were recruited. Participants were randomized into a control or intervention group. Eleven were enrolled in the control group and 24 in the intervention group. Participants in the intervention group were outfitted with an adjustable standing desktop accessory while participants in the control group maintained a standard work desk. Self-reported and objective measures of sedentary time during an eight hour workday were captured for a baseline and intervention period. Changes in health outcomes and workplace satisfaction were assessed after six months. RESULTS Self-recorded sedentary behavior decreased by 25% after six months though no changes in health outcomes were observed. Subjective assessments of standing time were over-estimated by 10% (compared to accelerometer recordings) in the intervention group. The intervention group reported higher levels of satisfaction with comfort, customizability, and overall personal workplace. CONCLUSIONS Despite a decrease in sedentary behavior, no changes in health outcomes occurred after a six month intervention. Future studies should incorporate objective measures of diet and physical activity to assess compensatory behaviors that may offset sedentary reduction. More sensitive health outcome measures should also be considered.
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31
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Venkatraman VI, Kokilavani J. Re: Non-radiation occupational hazards and health issues faced by radiologists – A cross-sectional study of indian radiologists’ by Kawthalkar AS et al. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2019; 29:337-338. [PMID: 31741609 PMCID: PMC6857261 DOI: 10.4103/ijri.ijri_172_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagannathan Kokilavani
- Family physicain and Diabteologist, VK General Health and Diabetic Care Clinic, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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32
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Full KM, Moran K, Carlson J, Godbole S, Natarajan L, Hipp A, Glanz K, Mitchell J, Laden F, James P, Kerr J. Latent profile analysis of accelerometer-measured sleep, physical activity, and sedentary time and differences in health characteristics in adult women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218595. [PMID: 31247051 PMCID: PMC6597058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Independently, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are related to the development and progression of chronic diseases. Less is known about how rest-activity behaviors cluster within individuals and how rest-activity behavior profiles relate to health. In this study we aimed to investigate if adult women cluster into profiles based on how they accumulate rest-activity behavior (including accelerometer-measured PA, SB, and sleep), and if participant characteristics and health outcomes differ by profile membership. Methods A convenience sample of 372 women (mean age 55.38 + 10.16) were recruited from four US cities. Participants wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the hip and wrist for a week. Total daily minutes in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and percentage of wear-time spent in SB was estimated from the hip device. Total sleep time (hours/minutes) and sleep efficiency (% of in bed time asleep) were estimated from the wrist device. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to identify clusters of participants based on accumulation of the four rest-activity variables. Adjusted ANOVAs were conducted to explore differences in demographic characteristics and health outcomes across profiles. Results Rest-activity variables clustered to form five behavior profiles: Moderately Active Poor Sleepers (7%), Highly Actives (9%), Inactives (41%), Moderately Actives (28%), and Actives (15%). The Moderately Active Poor Sleepers (profile 1) had the lowest proportion of whites (35% vs 78–91%, p < .001) and college graduates (28% vs 68–90%, p = .004). Health outcomes did not vary significantly across all rest-activity profiles. Conclusions In this sample, women clustered within daily rest-activity behavior profiles. Identifying 24-hour behavior profiles can inform intervention population targets and innovative behavioral goals of multiple health behavior interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie M. Full
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin Moran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jordan Carlson
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Suneeta Godbole
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karen Glanz
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Mitchell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Francine Laden
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter James
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Garcia JM, Duran AT, Schwartz JE, Booth JN, Hooker SP, Willey JZ, Cheung YK, Park C, Williams SK, Sims M, Shimbo D, Diaz KM. Types of Sedentary Behavior and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Blacks: The Jackson Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e010406. [PMID: 31238767 PMCID: PMC6662345 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous cross‐sectional studies have shown conflicting results regarding the effects of television viewing and occupational sitting on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The purpose of this study was to compare the association of both television viewing and occupational sitting with CVD events and all‐cause mortality in blacks. Methods and Results Participants included 3592 individuals enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study, a community‐based study of blacks residing in Jackson, Mississippi. Television viewing (<2, 2–4, and >4 h/day) and occupational sitting (never/seldom, sometimes, often/always) were self‐reported. Over a median follow‐up of 8.4 years, there were 129 CVD events and 205 deaths. The highest category of television viewing (>4 h/day) was associated with a greater risk for a composite CVD events/all‐cause mortality end point compared with the lowest category (<2 h/day; hazard ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.13–1.97). In contrast, the highest category of occupational sitting (often/always) was not associated with risk for a composite CVD events/all‐cause mortality end point compared with the lowest category (never/seldom; hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.69–1.18). Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity moderated the association of television viewing with CVD events/all‐cause mortality such that television viewing was not associated with greater risk among those with high moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity levels. Conclusions Television viewing was associated with greater risk of CVD events and all‐cause mortality, while occupational sitting had no association with these outcomes. These findings suggest that minimizing television viewing may be more effective for reducing CVD and mortality risk in blacks compared with reducing occupational sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Garcia
- 1 Department of Education and Human Services University of Central Florida Orlando FL
| | - Andrea T Duran
- 2 Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
| | - Joseph E Schwartz
- 2 Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health Columbia University Medical Center New York NY.,3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY
| | - John N Booth
- 4 Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health University of Alabama Birmingham AL
| | - Steven P Hooker
- 5 San Diego State University College of Health and Human Services San Diego State University CA
| | - Joshua Z Willey
- 6 Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
| | - Ying Kuen Cheung
- 7 Department of Biostatistics Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
| | - Chorong Park
- 8 Department of Population Health New York University School of Medicine New York NY
| | - Stephen K Williams
- 8 Department of Population Health New York University School of Medicine New York NY
| | - Mario Sims
- 9 Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- 2 Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
| | - Keith M Diaz
- 2 Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
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Buckingham SA, Williams AJ, Morrissey K, Price L, Harrison J. Mobile health interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in the workplace: A systematic review. Digit Health 2019; 5:2055207619839883. [PMID: 30944728 PMCID: PMC6437332 DOI: 10.1177/2055207619839883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability of mobile health (mHealth) technology (including wearable activity monitors and smartphone applications) for promoting physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behaviour (SB) in workplace settings. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and the Cochrane library). Studies were included if mHealth was a major intervention component, PA/SB was a primary outcome, and participants were recruited and/or the intervention was delivered in the workplace. Study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool. Interventions were coded for behaviour change techniques (BCTs) using the Coventry, Aberdeen and London - Refined (CALO-RE) taxonomy. Results Twenty-five experimental and quasi-experimental studies were included. Studies were highly heterogeneous and only one was rated as 'strong' methodological quality. Common BCTs included self-monitoring, feedback, goal-setting and social comparison. A total of 14/25 (56%) studies reported a significant increase in PA, and 4/10 (40%) reported a significant reduction in sedentary time; 11/16 (69%) studies reported a significant impact on secondary outcomes including reductions in weight, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol. While overall acceptability was high, a large decline in technology use and engagement was observed over time. Conclusions While methodological quality was generally weak, there is reasonable evidence for mHealth in a workplace context as a feasible, acceptable and effective tool to promote PA. The impact in the longer term and on SB is less clear. Higher quality, mixed methods studies are needed to explore the reasons for decline in engagement with time and the longer-term potential of mHealth in workplace interventions.Protocol registration: The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42017058856.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ann Buckingham
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK
| | - Andrew James Williams
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK
| | - Lisa Price
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - John Harrison
- Occupational Health Support Unit, Devon and Cornwall Police, Middlemoor, Exeter, UK
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Neilson HK, Lin Z. Is Cannabis Use Associated with Sedentary Behavior during Leisure Time? A Study in Canada, 2011-2012. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:852-862. [PMID: 30658548 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1547910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior, defined as lying or sitting, is a global health concern. As researchers continue to identify modern-day risk factors for sedentary behavior, few have explored the role of illicit drug use. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between leisure-time sedentary behavior and cannabis use, in adolescents and adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study relating cannabis use to total leisure-time sedentary behavior (hr/wk using the computer, playing video games, watching television or videos, and reading for leisure) using data from the 2011-2012 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a population-based survey of Canadians age ≥12 years. Analyses were possible for 48,240 respondents in Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Nunavut who reported on sedentary behavior. We used logistic regression modeling to relate frequency of cannabis use (never, occasional, heavy) to high-risk sedentary behavior (<35 versus ≥35 hr/wk) overall and stratified by sex, age, and rural location. RESULTS Approximately 80% of respondents were ≥25 years old. In the fully-adjusted model, the odds of ≥35 hr/wk of sedentary behavior were 80% higher for heavy cannabis users versus never users (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4-2.3); in occasional cannabis users, the odds were 30% higher (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.5). In stratified analyses, odds ratios were statistically significant among adults age 25-44 years and people living in nonrural settings. Conclusions/Importance: Our findings support dual lifestyle interventions targeting heavy cannabis use and excessive sedentary behavior simultaneously. Moreover, leisure-time sedentary behavior should be considered as a covariate in future epidemiologic models relating cannabis to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Neilson
- a Department of Health Sciences , Carleton University , Ottawa , Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhiqiu Lin
- b Department of Sociology and Anthropology , Carleton University , Ottawa , Ontario, Canada
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36
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Pereira JR, Cliff DP, Sousa-Sá E, Zhang Z, Santos R. Prevalence of objectively measured sedentary behavior in early years: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29:308-328. [PMID: 30456827 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early years have been identified as a critical period during which sedentary habits may be established, as this behavior appears to track throughout life. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the current literature on the prevalence of sedentary behavior in children aged 1-5.99 years, reporting differences between boys and girls, weekdays and weekend days, childcare hours and nonchildcare hours, and between time spent indoors and outdoors while children attended childcare. METHODS Five databases were searched until 26.10.2017 and meta-analyses were conducted to estimate prevalence and calculate mean differences in prevalence between groups. RESULTS Fifty studies representing 14 598 children (2-5.99 years) were included. Children spent 51.4% of their waking time in sedentary behaviors. Boys spent less time being sedentary than girls (estimate difference = -1.4%; 95%CI = -2.0: -0.7; P < .001). No significant differences were found between weekdays/weekend days (estimate difference = -0.4; 95%CI = -2.0: 1.2; P = .61) nor between childcare hours/nonchildcare hours (estimate difference = %; 95%CI = -0.9: 6.6; P = .136). While attending childcare centers, children were more sedentary indoors than outdoors (estimate difference = 14.4%; 95%CI = 11.8: 16.9; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that young children spend a significant portion of their waking hours in sedentary behaviors. While at childcare, young children accumulated more sedentary behavior indoors than outdoors. Girls were more likely to be more sedentary than boys. No significant differences were found between weekdays and weekends, or between childcare and nonchildcare hours. There is a need for higher-quality studies with strong designs, using age and device appropriate cut-off points, to improve evidence-base and to better establish prevalence of sedentary behavior in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Rafael Pereira
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity - CIDAF (uid/dtp/03213/2016) University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Eduarda Sousa-Sá
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
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Shrestha N, Kukkonen‐Harjula KT, Verbeek JH, Ijaz S, Hermans V, Pedisic Z. Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 12:CD010912. [PMID: 30556590 PMCID: PMC6517221 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010912.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of people are employed in sedentary occupations. Physical inactivity and excessive sitting at workplaces have been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and all-cause mortality. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of workplace interventions to reduce sitting at work compared to no intervention or alternative interventions. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, OSH UPDATE, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal up to 9 August 2017. We also screened reference lists of articles and contacted authors to find more studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cross-over RCTs, cluster-randomised controlled trials (cluster-RCTs), and quasi-RCTs of interventions to reduce sitting at work. For changes of workplace arrangements, we also included controlled before-and-after studies. The primary outcome was time spent sitting at work per day, either self-reported or measured using devices such as an accelerometer-inclinometer and duration and number of sitting bouts lasting 30 minutes or more. We considered energy expenditure, total time spent sitting (including sitting at and outside work), time spent standing at work, work productivity and adverse events as secondary outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full-text articles for study eligibility. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We contacted authors for additional data where required. MAIN RESULTS We found 34 studies - including two cross-over RCTs, 17 RCTs, seven cluster-RCTs, and eight controlled before-and-after studies - with a total of 3,397 participants, all from high-income countries. The studies evaluated physical workplace changes (16 studies), workplace policy changes (four studies), information and counselling (11 studies), and multi-component interventions (four studies). One study included both physical workplace changes and information and counselling components. We did not find any studies that specifically investigated the effects of standing meetings or walking meetings on sitting time.Physical workplace changesInterventions using sit-stand desks, either alone or in combination with information and counselling, reduced sitting time at work on average by 100 minutes per workday at short-term follow-up (up to three months) compared to sit-desks (95% confidence interval (CI) -116 to -84, 10 studies, low-quality evidence). The pooled effect of two studies showed sit-stand desks reduced sitting time at medium-term follow-up (3 to 12 months) by an average of 57 minutes per day (95% CI -99 to -15) compared to sit-desks. Total sitting time (including sitting at and outside work) also decreased with sit-stand desks compared to sit-desks (mean difference (MD) -82 minutes/day, 95% CI -124 to -39, two studies) as did the duration of sitting bouts lasting 30 minutes or more (MD -53 minutes/day, 95% CI -79 to -26, two studies, very low-quality evidence).We found no significant difference between the effects of standing desks and sit-stand desks on reducing sitting at work. Active workstations, such as treadmill desks or cycling desks, had unclear or inconsistent effects on sitting time.Workplace policy changesWe found no significant effects for implementing walking strategies on workplace sitting time at short-term (MD -15 minutes per day, 95% CI -50 to 19, low-quality evidence, one study) and medium-term (MD -17 minutes/day, 95% CI -61 to 28, one study) follow-up. Short breaks (one to two minutes every half hour) reduced time spent sitting at work on average by 40 minutes per day (95% CI -66 to -15, one study, low-quality evidence) compared to long breaks (two 15-minute breaks per workday) at short-term follow-up.Information and counsellingProviding information, feedback, counselling, or all of these resulted in no significant change in time spent sitting at work at short-term follow-up (MD -19 minutes per day, 95% CI -57 to 19, two studies, low-quality evidence). However, the reduction was significant at medium-term follow-up (MD -28 minutes per day, 95% CI -51 to -5, two studies, low-quality evidence).Computer prompts combined with information resulted in no significant change in sitting time at work at short-term follow-up (MD -14 minutes per day, 95% CI -39 to 10, three studies, low-quality evidence), but at medium-term follow-up they produced a significant reduction (MD -55 minutes per day, 95% CI -96 to -14, one study). Furthermore, computer prompting resulted in a significant decrease in the average number (MD -1.1, 95% CI -1.9 to -0.3, one study) and duration (MD -74 minutes per day, 95% CI -124 to -24, one study) of sitting bouts lasting 30 minutes or more.Computer prompts with instruction to stand reduced sitting at work on average by 14 minutes per day (95% CI 10 to 19, one study) more than computer prompts with instruction to walk at least 100 steps at short-term follow-up.We found no significant reduction in workplace sitting time at medium-term follow-up following mindfulness training (MD -23 minutes per day, 95% CI -63 to 17, one study, low-quality evidence). Similarly a single study reported no change in sitting time at work following provision of highly personalised or contextualised information and less personalised or contextualised information. One study found no significant effects of activity trackers on sitting time at work.Multi-component interventions Combining multiple interventions had significant but heterogeneous effects on sitting time at work (573 participants, three studies, very low-quality evidence) and on time spent in prolonged sitting bouts (two studies, very low-quality evidence) at short-term follow-up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS At present there is low-quality evidence that the use of sit-stand desks reduce workplace sitting at short-term and medium-term follow-ups. However, there is no evidence on their effects on sitting over longer follow-up periods. Effects of other types of interventions, including workplace policy changes, provision of information and counselling, and multi-component interventions, are mostly inconsistent. The quality of evidence is low to very low for most interventions, mainly because of limitations in study protocols and small sample sizes. There is a need for larger cluster-RCTs with longer-term follow-ups to determine the effectiveness of different types of interventions to reduce sitting time at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Shrestha
- Victoria UniversityInstitute for Health and Sport (IHES)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Katriina T Kukkonen‐Harjula
- South Karelia Social and Health Care District EksoteRehabilitationValto Käkelän katu 3 BLappeenrantaFinland53130
| | - Jos H Verbeek
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthCochrane Work Review GroupTYÖTERVEYSLAITOSFinlandFI‐70032
| | - Sharea Ijaz
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolNIHR CLAHRC West at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation TrustLewins Mead, Whitefriars BuildingBristolUKBS1 2NT
| | - Veerle Hermans
- Vrije Universiteit BrusselFaculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & PharmacyPleinlaan 2BrusselsBelgium1050
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Victoria UniversityInstitute for Health and Sport (IHES)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Jiménez-Martín PJ, Liu H. Exploring the health advantages and disadvantages of static and dynamic postures of Qigong and its use as a Traditional and Complementary Medicine. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Sperlich B, De Clerck I, Zinner C, Holmberg HC, Wallmann-Sperlich B. Prolonged Sitting Interrupted by 6-Min of High-Intensity Exercise: Circulatory, Metabolic, Hormonal, Thermal, Cognitive, and Perceptual Responses. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1279. [PMID: 30386249 PMCID: PMC6198043 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to examine certain aspects of circulatory, metabolic, hormonal, thermoregulatory, cognitive, and perceptual responses while sitting following a brief session of high-intensity interval exercise. Twelve students (five men; age, 22 ± 2 years) performed two trials involving either simply sitting for 180 min (SIT) or sitting for this same period with a 6-min session of high-intensity exercise after 60 min (SIT+HIIT). At T0 (after 30 min of resting), T1 (after a 20-min breakfast), T2 (after sitting for 1 h), T3 (immediately after the HIIT), T4, T5, T6, and T7 (30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the HIIT), circulatory, metabolic, hormonal, thermoregulatory, cognitive, and perceptual responses were assessed. The blood lactate concentration (at T3-T5), heart rate (at T3-T6), oxygen uptake (at T3-T7), respiratory exchange ratio, and sensations of heat (T3-T5), sweating (T3, T4) and odor (T3), as well as perception of vigor (T3-T6), were higher and the respiratory exchange ratio (T4-T7) and mean body and skin temperatures (T3) lower in the SIT+HIIT than the SIT trial. Levels of blood glucose and salivary cortisol, cerebral oxygenation, and feelings of anxiety/depression, fatigue or hostility, as well as the variables of cognitive function assessed by the Stroop test did not differ between SIT and SIT+HIIT. In conclusion, interruption of prolonged sitting with a 6-min session of HIIT induced more pronounced circulatory and metabolic responses and improved certain aspects of perception, without affecting selected hormonal, thermoregulatory or cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science & Training, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Zinner
- Department of Sport, University of Applied Sciences for Police and Administration of Hesse, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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40
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Thomas D, Paillard F, Lecerf JM, Carré F. [The behavioral goals of the coronary patient: No longer smoke, eat better, move more and better]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2018; 67:352-360. [PMID: 30314667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral goals of the coronary patient require active management by the cardiologist. Every smoker must be clearly informed about the cardiovascular consequences of smoking and the major benefits of smoking cessation. The only advice to "quit smoking" is not enough. Validated "treatments" (cognitive-behavioral therapy, nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, bupropion) must be used, with a precise strategy and prolonged follow-up. All drugs assistance can be prescribed in coronary patients and nicotine replacement therapy can even be used just after a myocardial infarction. Nutrition plays a significant role in cardiovascular prevention. Counseling today is based on solid evidence, although evidence is harder to obtain than with drugs. It should no longer be advisable only to "suppress cooked fats and starches" because these recommendations are unclear and/or false. Today we need positive food-based benchmarks and complex dietary patterns in which fruits and vegetables, fish, whole grains, pulses, nuts, olive oil and a diet closed to the Mediterranean diet. Dairy products have their place. Sugary foods should be limited especially in case of overweight and metabolic syndrome. Physical activity is part of good nutrition. Indeed, the fight against a very sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity in coronary and heart failure patients is part of the lifelong treatment of these patients. The cardiologist and the general practitioner must be much more involved in their prescription and education to hope for good compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thomas
- Institut de cardiologie, université Paris-VI-Sorbonne, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France; 25, rue Guérin, 94220 Charenton-Le-Pont, France.
| | - F Paillard
- Centre de prévention cardiovasculaire, CHU Pontchaillou, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - J M Lecerf
- Service de nutrition, institut Pasteur de Lille, 59019 Lille, France
| | - F Carré
- Inserm U1099, université Rennes 1, CHU Pontchaillou, 35033 Rennes, France
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Abe T, Hamano T, Onoda K, Takeda M, Okuyama K, Yamasaki M, Isomura M, Nabika T. Additive Effect of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time on Depressive Symptoms in Rural Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Epidemiol 2018; 29:227-232. [PMID: 30146527 PMCID: PMC6522389 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported an additive effect of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) on depressive symptoms. However, no studies have been conducted in rural community settings. This cross-sectional study investigated whether the additive effect of MVPA and ST was associated with depressive symptoms in rural Japanese adults. METHODS We identified 2,814 participants from health examinations conducted in Shimane, rural Japan, in 2012 and analyzed data from 1,958 participants. We assessed depressive symptoms using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and measured the total time spent on MVPA and ST using a Japanese short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Poisson regression analysis examined the prevalence ratios (PR) of depressive symptoms in nine category combinations of MVPA level (no, insufficient, or sufficient MVPA) and ST level (high, moderate, or low ST). RESULTS A total of 117 (6.0%) participants had depressive symptoms. Compared with the reference category (no MVPA/high ST), multivariate analysis showed that the likelihood of depressive symptoms was significantly lower in the sufficient MVPA/low ST category (PR 0.23; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.08-0.66), insufficient MVPA/low ST category (PR 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16-0.86), and insufficient MVPA/moderate ST category (PR 0.39; 95% CI, 0.17-0.90). CONCLUSION Analysis of the additive effect of MVPA and ST showed that the combinational category of sufficient MVPA and low ST had the lowest prevalence of depressive symptoms in rural Japanese adults. Moderate ST and low ST showed significantly lower likelihoods of depressive symptoms, regardless of insufficient MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamano
- Department of Sports Sociology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sociology, Kyoto Sangyo University.,Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University
| | - Keiichi Onoda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University
| | - Miwako Takeda
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University
| | - Masayuki Yamasaki
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University.,Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University.,Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University
| | - Toru Nabika
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University.,Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University
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42
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Morris A, Murphy R, Shepherd S, Graves L. Multi-Stakeholder Perspectives of Factors That Influence Contact Centre Call Agents' Workplace Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1484. [PMID: 30011821 PMCID: PMC6069165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contact centre call agents are highly sedentary at work, which can negatively affect cardio-metabolic health. This qualitative cross-sectional study explored factors influencing call agents' workplace physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), and perspectives on strategies to help agents move more and sit less at work. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with call agents (n = 20), team leaders (n = 11) and senior staff (n = 12) across four contact centres were guided by the socio-ecological model and analysed thematically. Agents offered insights into the impact of high occupational sitting and low PA on their physical and mental health, and factors influencing their motivation to move more and sit less at work. Team leaders, although pivotal in influencing behaviours, identified their own workload, and agents' requirement to meet targets, as factors influencing their ability to promote agents to move more and sit less at work. Further, senior team leaders offered a broad organisational perspective on influential factors, including business needs and the importance of return on investment from PA and SB interventions. Unique factors, including continuous monitoring of productivity metrics and personal time, a physical connection to their workstation, and low autonomy over their working practices, seemed to limit call agents' opportunity to move more and sit less at work. Proposed strategies included acknowledgement of PA and SB within policy and job roles, height-adjustable workstations, education and training sessions and greater interpersonal support. Additionally, measuring the impact of interventions was perceived to be key for developing a business case and enhancing organisational buy-in. Multi-level interventions embedded into current working practices appear important for the multiple stakeholders, while addressing concerns regarding productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Morris
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Rebecca Murphy
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Sam Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Lee Graves
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
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Enhancing Worker Health Through Clinical Decision Support (CDS): An Introduction to a Compilation. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 59:e227-e230. [PMID: 29116992 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article outlines an approach to developing clinical decision support (CDS) for conditions related to work and health. When incorporated in electronic health records, such CDS will assist primary care providers (PCPs) care for working patients. METHODS Three groups of Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) identified relevant clinical practice guidelines, best practices, and reviewed published literature concerning work-related asthma, return-to-work, and management of diabetes at work. RESULTS SMEs developed one recommendation per topic that could be supported by electronic CDS. Reviews with PCPs, staff, and health information system implementers in five primary care settings confirmed that the approach was important and operationally sound. CONCLUSION This compendium is intended to stimulate a dialogue between occupational health specialists and PCPs that will enhance the use of work information about patients in the primary care setting.
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Withers TM, Croft L, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Dunstan DW, Leicht CA, Bailey DP. Cardiovascular disease risk marker responses to breaking up prolonged sedentary time in individuals with paraplegia: the Spinal Cord Injury Move More (SCIMM) randomised crossover laboratory trial protocol. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021936. [PMID: 29934392 PMCID: PMC6020957 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sedentary behaviour is a distinct risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and could partly explain the increased prevalence of CVD in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Interrupting prolonged sitting periods with regular short bouts of walking acutely suppresses postprandial glucose and lipids in able-bodied individuals. However, the acute CVD risk marker response to breaking up prolonged sedentary time in people with SCI has not been investigated. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A randomised two-condition laboratory crossover trial will compare: (1) breaking up prolonged sedentary time with 2 min moderate-intensity arm-crank activity every 20 min, with (2) uninterrupted prolonged sedentary time (control) in people with SCI. Outcomes will include acute effects on postprandial glucose, insulin, lipids and blood pressure. Blood samples will be collected and blood pressure measured at regular intervals during each 5½-hour condition. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Cambridge South National Health Service Research Ethics Committee. This research will help determine if breaking up prolonged sedentary time could be effective in lowering CVD risk in people with SCI. The findings of the research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated to relevant user groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN51868437; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Withers
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - Louise Croft
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christof A Leicht
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Daniel P Bailey
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
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Shrestha N, Kukkonen‐Harjula KT, Verbeek JH, Ijaz S, Hermans V, Pedisic Z. Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 6:CD010912. [PMID: 29926475 PMCID: PMC6513236 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010912.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of people are employed in sedentary occupations. Physical inactivity and excessive sitting at workplaces have been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and all-cause mortality. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of workplace interventions to reduce sitting at work compared to no intervention or alternative interventions. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, OSH UPDATE, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal up to 9 August 2017. We also screened reference lists of articles and contacted authors to find more studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cross-over RCTs, cluster-randomised controlled trials (cluster-RCTs), and quasi-RCTs of interventions to reduce sitting at work. For changes of workplace arrangements, we also included controlled before-and-after studies. The primary outcome was time spent sitting at work per day, either self-reported or measured using devices such as an accelerometer-inclinometer and duration and number of sitting bouts lasting 30 minutes or more. We considered energy expenditure, total time spent sitting (including sitting at and outside work), time spent standing at work, work productivity and adverse events as secondary outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full-text articles for study eligibility. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We contacted authors for additional data where required. MAIN RESULTS We found 34 studies - including two cross-over RCTs, 17 RCTs, seven cluster-RCTs, and eight controlled before-and-after studies - with a total of 3,397 participants, all from high-income countries. The studies evaluated physical workplace changes (16 studies), workplace policy changes (four studies), information and counselling (11 studies), and multi-component interventions (four studies). One study included both physical workplace changes and information and counselling components. We did not find any studies that specifically investigated the effects of standing meetings or walking meetings on sitting time.Physical workplace changesInterventions using sit-stand desks, either alone or in combination with information and counselling, reduced sitting time at work on average by 100 minutes per workday at short-term follow-up (up to three months) compared to sit-desks (95% confidence interval (CI) -116 to -84, 10 studies, low-quality evidence). The pooled effect of two studies showed sit-stand desks reduced sitting time at medium-term follow-up (3 to 12 months) by an average of 57 minutes per day (95% CI -99 to -15) compared to sit-desks. Total sitting time (including sitting at and outside work) also decreased with sit-stand desks compared to sit-desks (mean difference (MD) -82 minutes/day, 95% CI -124 to -39, two studies) as did the duration of sitting bouts lasting 30 minutes or more (MD -53 minutes/day, 95% CI -79 to -26, two studies, very low-quality evidence).We found no significant difference between the effects of standing desks and sit-stand desks on reducing sitting at work. Active workstations, such as treadmill desks or cycling desks, had unclear or inconsistent effects on sitting time.Workplace policy changesWe found no significant effects for implementing walking strategies on workplace sitting time at short-term (MD -15 minutes per day, 95% CI -50 to 19, low-quality evidence, one study) and medium-term (MD -17 minutes/day, 95% CI -61 to 28, one study) follow-up. Short breaks (one to two minutes every half hour) reduced time spent sitting at work on average by 40 minutes per day (95% CI -66 to -15, one study, low-quality evidence) compared to long breaks (two 15-minute breaks per workday) at short-term follow-up.Information and counsellingProviding information, feedback, counselling, or all of these resulted in no significant change in time spent sitting at work at short-term follow-up (MD -19 minutes per day, 95% CI -57 to 19, two studies, low-quality evidence). However, the reduction was significant at medium-term follow-up (MD -28 minutes per day, 95% CI -51 to -5, two studies, low-quality evidence).Computer prompts combined with information resulted in no significant change in sitting time at work at short-term follow-up (MD -10 minutes per day, 95% CI -45 to 24, two studies, low-quality evidence), but at medium-term follow-up they produced a significant reduction (MD -55 minutes per day, 95% CI -96 to -14, one study). Furthermore, computer prompting resulted in a significant decrease in the average number (MD -1.1, 95% CI -1.9 to -0.3, one study) and duration (MD -74 minutes per day, 95% CI -124 to -24, one study) of sitting bouts lasting 30 minutes or more.Computer prompts with instruction to stand reduced sitting at work on average by 14 minutes per day (95% CI 10 to 19, one study) more than computer prompts with instruction to walk at least 100 steps at short-term follow-up.We found no significant reduction in workplace sitting time at medium-term follow-up following mindfulness training (MD -23 minutes per day, 95% CI -63 to 17, one study, low-quality evidence). Similarly a single study reported no change in sitting time at work following provision of highly personalised or contextualised information and less personalised or contextualised information. One study found no significant effects of activity trackers on sitting time at work.Multi-component interventions Combining multiple interventions had significant but heterogeneous effects on sitting time at work (573 participants, three studies, very low-quality evidence) and on time spent in prolonged sitting bouts (two studies, very low-quality evidence) at short-term follow-up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS At present there is low-quality evidence that the use of sit-stand desks reduce workplace sitting at short-term and medium-term follow-ups. However, there is no evidence on their effects on sitting over longer follow-up periods. Effects of other types of interventions, including workplace policy changes, provision of information and counselling, and multi-component interventions, are mostly inconsistent. The quality of evidence is low to very low for most interventions, mainly because of limitations in study protocols and small sample sizes. There is a need for larger cluster-RCTs with longer-term follow-ups to determine the effectiveness of different types of interventions to reduce sitting time at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Shrestha
- Victoria UniversityInstitute for Health and Sport (IHES)MelbourneAustralia
| | - Katriina T Kukkonen‐Harjula
- South Karelia Social and Health Care District EksoteRehabilitationValto Käkelän katu 3 BLappeenrantaFinland53130
| | - Jos H Verbeek
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthCochrane Work Review GroupTYÖTERVEYSLAITOSFinlandFI‐70032
| | - Sharea Ijaz
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolNIHR CLAHRC West at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation TrustLewins Mead, Whitefriars BuildingBristolUKBS1 2NT
| | - Veerle Hermans
- Vrije Universiteit BrusselFaculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & PharmacyPleinlaan 2BrusselsBelgium1050
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Victoria UniversityInstitute for Health and Sport (IHES)MelbourneAustralia
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A US/Mexico Study of Joint Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Anthropometric Indicators, Migration Status, Country of Birth and Country of Residence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061283. [PMID: 29914200 PMCID: PMC6025559 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study examined the influence of migration status, nativity and country of residence on joint associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in anthropometric indicators of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans living in the US and in Mexico. Methods: We examined data from two large national surveys, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the US (NHANES, 2011–2012) and Mexico (ENSANUT, 2012). Using self-reported minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity and SB, we calculated four categories for analyses. Anthropometric measures consisted of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). We used data of migration status, nativity and country of residence. Linear regression models examined how joint categories of PA and SB were associated with BMI and WC according to migration status, nativity and country of residence, controlling for health risk behaviors. Results: Analyses showed that even among those in the category with the lowest risk behavior, “physically active and low sedentary”, there were differences in BMI and WC by migration status, nativity and country of residence. Within this lower risk category, Mexican immigrants living in the US had the greatest association with high BMI, while US-born Mexican-Americans living in the US had the highest WC values when compared with the group of Mexicans living in Mexico. Conclusions: Joint categories of PA and SB were associated with BMI and WC by migration status, nativity and country of residence among populations with Mexican ethnicity.
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The Acute Physical and Cognitive Effects of a Classical Workplace Physical Activity Program Versus a Motor-Cognitive Coordination Workplace Program: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:936-942. [PMID: 29905646 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the exercise loads and cognitive effects of a classical workplace program from that for a motor-cognitive coordination workplace intervention. METHODS Twenty-eight (28) employed adults (women 19, men 9) participated in a motor-cognitive coordination and a classical workplace health promotion exercise intervention. Effects on attention and cognition (trail making test [TMT]) as well as exercise load (heart rate and rates of perceived exhaustion [RPE]) were assessed. RESULTS The motor-cognitive intervention does not improve cognitive abilities (TMT-A: -4.6 ± 2.2 seconds; TMT-B: -8.5 ± 3.2 seconds) to a greater extent than the classical workplace health enhancement training (TMT-A: -4.6 ± 3.1 seconds; TMT-B: -7.4 ± 3.9 seconds) (P < 0.05). The exercise load was not different between the two interventions (maximal heart rate: 107 ± 8 vs 111 ± 6 bpm; RPE: 11.8 ± 1.7 vs 11.9 ± 1.2 points). CONCLUSIONS The motor-cognitive workplace intervention may be adopted as an additional/alternate enhancement in terms of varied activity, and not as a compensation intervention for workplace health. More research is needed to proof this assumption.
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Bramante CT, King MM, Story M, Whitt-Glover MC, Barr-Anderson DJ. Worksite physical activity breaks: Perspectives on feasibility of implementation. Work 2018; 59:491-499. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-182704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melicia C. Whitt-Glover
- Gramercy Research Group, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Resnick B, Galik E, Boltz M, Vigne E, Holmes S, Fix S, Zhu S. Physical Activity and Function in Assisted Living Residents. West J Nurs Res 2018; 40:1734-1748. [PMID: 29560808 DOI: 10.1177/0193945918764448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to consider the feasibility, reliability, and validity of MotionWatch 8. A total of 249 residents were recruited from 26 assisted living settings. Data collection included demographics, comorbidities, function (Barthel Index), physical activity (MotionWatch 8), and falls. The mean age of participants was 86.86 ( SD = 7.0), the majority were women 179 (74%) and White ( N = 232, 96%). A total of 86% of participants wore the MotionWatch 8. There were no significant differences in physical activity over 3 days of testing. The MotionWatch 8 findings were significantly associated with activities of daily living (ADL) function. There were no significant differences in ADL function or physical activity between those who did and did not fall. The study provides additional support for the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the MotionWatch 8 and confirms that older adults living in assisted living settings spend the majority of their time in sedentary activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie Boltz
- 2 Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Erin Vigne
- 1 University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Steven Fix
- 1 University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shijun Zhu
- 1 University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Silva DR, Werneck AO, Tomeleri CM, Fernandes RA, Ronque ERV, Cyrino ES. Screen-based sedentary behaviors, mental health, and social relationships among adolescents. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700si0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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