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Pawar YS, Gattani VS, Chaudhari KS, Chheda B, Vankudre AJ. Impact of Hemodialysis on Sleep Disorders in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease in a Tertiary Care Academic Hospital. Cureus 2023; 15:e44416. [PMID: 37791201 PMCID: PMC10544265 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although hemodialysis (HD) has prolonged the survival of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), it has also adversely affected the sleep and emotional state of these patients. We evaluated the impact of HD on sleep duration, quality, and other sleep-related disorders. METHODS We recruited consecutive adult patients visiting our tertiary care dialysis unit. We included only ESRD patients who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <15 mL/min/1.73m2. We excluded patients with unrelated comorbidities or on medications that could affect sleep. Basic demographic information, anthropometric data, and appropriate lab investigations were obtained. Objective information related to their sleep duration and quality was asked using a predefined proforma. Subjective sleep scores were obtained by using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and insomnia severity index (ISI). For comparison, the patients were divided into HD and conservative treatment (CT) groups based on their treatment modality. The baseline characteristics of the patients were noted. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test normality. Correlations were obtained by using Student's t-test for parameters that were normally distributed and the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test for those that were not. RESULTS Of the 56 patients we studied, 59% were males. The average age and body mass index (BMI) were 45.7 years and 20.98 kg/m2, respectively. Overall, 41% of patients were assigned to the HD group, and the remaining to the CT group. The CT group had fewer comorbidities compared to the HD group. The average sleep duration was similar in both groups (HD: 6.64 hours, CT: 6.49 hours). There was a weak-to-moderate positive correlation between the sleep scores. Overall, one-half of the patients had excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (46.43%) and insomnia (48.21%), and two-thirds of them were poor sleepers (66.07%). Symptoms suggestive of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) were seen in 25% of patients, restless legs syndrome (RLS) in 19.64% of patients, and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) in 44.64% of patients. Patients undergoing HD had poorer sleep quality compared to the CT group (p=0.038). The odds of developing poor sleep were 3.6 times higher in the HD group. CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study focuses on the quantification of objective and subjective deterioration of sleep quality in ESRD patients on HD. The prevalence of EDS (63.64%), insomnia (51.52%), and poor sleep quality (84.84%) in the HD group was more than the previously reported values. The PSQI, ESS, and ISI scores were higher in HD patients, indicating poorer sleep quality. Our study highlights the underestimation of sleep disorders in HD patients in underserved areas. The results warrant a meticulous evaluation of the same by a keen nephrologist, followed by referral to sleep providers where necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh S Pawar
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Nashik, IND
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Sleep Medicine, SRP Neurosciences, Nashik, IND
| | - Vipul S Gattani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Nashik, IND
| | - Kaustubh S Chaudhari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Vaishampayan Memorial Government Medical College, Solapur, IND
| | - Bhavik Chheda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Nashik, IND
| | - Ashok J Vankudre
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Nashik, IND
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Alhussain K, Almuayli DI, Aldaej SM. Factors associated with the use of over-the-counter sleep aids containing diphenhydramine: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101679. [PMID: 37448839 PMCID: PMC10336667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diphenhydramine, either alone or in combination with pain relievers, is one of the widely used over-the-counter sleep aids. However, few studies have evaluated the use of diphenhydramine-containing products, such as Panadol Night, in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of Panadol Night use and to identify factors associated with its use in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18 years or older in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through an online self-administered questionnaire from 05 March 2022 to 20 March 2022. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between Panadol Night use in the past month and independent variables. Results A total of 1244 adults participated in the survey. Approximately, 42.3% reported that they have used Panadol Night in their lifetime; 12.1% used Panadol Night in the past month. The majority of the Panadol Night users (62.4%) reported that their use was based on their family/friends' recommendations, while 23.6% used Panadol Night based on healthcare providers' recommendations. The multivariable logistic regression models showed that gender, health related fields, perceived safety and effectiveness of Panadol Night, a history of insomnia, trouble sleeping due to pain, and sleep quality were significantly associated with the use of Panadol Night in the past month. Conclusions Our findings indicated that adults' perceptions of the effectiveness and safety of Panadol Night were significantly associated with its use. Also, adults in non-health related fields were more likely to use Panadol Night compared to those in health related fields. This suggests the need for raising awareness about the appropriate use of Panadol Night. Community pharmacists can play an essential role in educating patients during the time of purchase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alhussain
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
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Glick DR, Abariga SA, Thomas I, Shipper AG, Gunia BC, Grandner MA, Rosenberg E, Hines SE, Capaldi V, Collen J, Wickwire EM. Economic Impact of Insufficient and Disturbed Sleep in the Workplace. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2023; 41:771-785. [PMID: 36933184 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insufficient and disturbed sleep are associated with significant morbidity among working-age adults. Poor sleep results in negative health outcomes and increases economic costs to employers. The current systematic review surveyed the peer-reviewed scientific literature and aggregated scientific evidence of sleep-related economic burdens borne by employers. METHODS A systematic review was performed to identify peer-reviewed, English language studies evaluating the economic impact of insufficient and disturbed sleep among adult employee populations. An exhaustive literature search was performed using keywords related to sleep, economics, and the workplace. Included were scientific studies (randomized controlled trials, cohort and case control studies, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies) examining specific employee populations with relevant sleep and economic outcomes. Each included study was evaluated for risk of bias and relevant data was extracted and summarized. RESULTS Sleep problems among employee populations are associated with worsened workplace outcomes, such as presenteeism, absenteeism, and accidents. Sleep problems also increased costs to employers, ranging from US$322 to US$1967 per employee. Interventions to improve sleep, such as the use of blue-light filtering glasses, strategic shift scheduling, and targeted interventions to treat insomnia, may improve workplace outcomes and reduce costs. CONCLUSIONS This review synthesizes the existing data regarding the negative impacts of insufficient and disturbed sleep on the workplace, suggesting that employers have an economic stake in their employees' sleep. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42021224212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Glick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 N Greene St, 2nd Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Samuel A Abariga
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irine Thomas
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea G Shipper
- Health Sciences and Human Services Library, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Charles Library, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian C Gunia
- Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Grandner
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Stella E Hines
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincent Capaldi
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacob Collen
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emerson M Wickwire
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 N Greene St, 2nd Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lamas-Mendoza MDM, Fernandez-Alonso J, Ballesteros-Peña S, Gravina L. [Factors related to sleep quality in Emergency Medical Technicians and their sleep habits during COVID-19 pandemic.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2023; 97:e202305043. [PMID: 37254874 PMCID: PMC10560533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) show a high prevalence of sleep problems. Adding to these problems, another factor appeared two years ago: the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of this study were to describe the sleep quality and habits in a sample of EMTs in Spain during COVID-19 pandemic considering the factors related to them. METHODS A national cross-sectional study was carried out in Spain between October 2020 and February 2021. EMTs who worked in basic and advanced life support ambulances were invited to participate in an online survey. Several sociodemographic variables were analyzed, as well as sleep quality, stress symptoms, pain, food consumption and physical activity. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between these variables and sleep quality. RESULTS 340 EMTs participated in the study. Of them, 59.4% had poor sleep quality and the habits of 32.2% got worse during the pandemic. The EMTs with a poor sleep quality presented in higher proportion stress symptoms (OR: 4.19; 95% CI: 2.16-8.11; p<0.001), pain (OR: 3.19; 95% CI: 1.7-6.01; p<0.001) and a weekly consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages greater than two glasses (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.86-6.98; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS EMTs show a high prevalence of poor sleep quality, which got worse during the pandemic. The factors related to them are stress, pain and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. This study provides important information so that the emergency services can develop health promotion programs focused on these professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-del-Mar Lamas-Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces Bizkaia.Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
- Osakidetza, Hospital Universitario Cruces.Hospital Universitario CrucesBarakaldoSpain
- Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU).Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Julia Fernandez-Alonso
- Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU).Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Sendoa Ballesteros-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces Bizkaia.Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
- Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU).Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
- Osakidetza, Hospital Santa Marina.Hospital Santa MarinaBilbaoSpain
| | - Leyre Gravina
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces Bizkaia.Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
- Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU).Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
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Olatunde K, Patton S. Association Between Insomnia and Healthcare Utilization: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Am J Lifestyle Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276231164953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is a sleep disorder that affects significant portion of the population. It can result in adverse health outcomes and increased healthcare utilization. The purpose of this review was to identify existing research on the association between insomnia and healthcare utilization. A five-stage scoping review process was conducted guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute process. Data sources searched through 2022 were PubMed, HINARI, Google Scholar and Cochrane, with additional studies identified through hand searching. Descriptive and exploratory analyses were conducted from the findings of the selected studies. After reviewing 124 references, 23 studies were selected. A strong and positive association between insomnia and healthcare utilization and healthcare costs was identified. We also found that insomnia was associated with absenteeism from work, lower work performance ratings, disability, difficulties in daily activities, and life dissatisfaction. An unexpected theme that emerged from the included studies is that there is a large population with persistent insomnia who do not seek help that could benefit from improved management. Findings suggest that identifying and managing insomnia could result in a decrease in healthcare utilization and costs. Further research is needed to determine the most effective methods of identifying and managing insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolade Olatunde
- Department of Public Policy/Health Policy, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Susan Patton
- Department of Nursing, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Pei H, Li S, Su X, Lu Y, Wang Z, Wu S. Association between triglyceride glucose index and sleep disorders: results from the NHANES 2005-2008. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:156. [PMID: 36899383 PMCID: PMC10007799 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the association between sleep disorders and Triglyceride glucose index. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was performed. The 2005 to 2008 NHANES national household survey for adults ≥ 20 years was examined for the sleep disorders.TyG index: ln [triglyceride (mg/ dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2].Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to explore the association between the TyG index and sleep disorders. RESULTS A total of 4,029 patients were included. Higher TyG index is significantly associated with elevated sleep disorders in U.S. adults. TyG was moderately correlated with HOMA-IR (Spearman r = 0.51). TyG was associated with higher odds of sleep disorders(adjusted OR [aOR],1.896; 95% CI, 1.260 2.854), Sleep apnea (aOR, 1.559; 95% CI, 0.660 3.683), Insomnia(aOR, 1.914;95% CI, 0.531 6.896), and Restless legs (aOR, 7.759; 95% CI,1.446 41.634). CONCLUSIONS In this study, our result shown that population with higher TyG index are significantly more likely to have sleep disorders in U.S. adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- Department of Cardiology , Tangshan Worker's Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, KaiLuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
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Dean YE, Shebl MA, Rouzan SS, Bamousa BAA, Talat NE, Ansari SA, Tanas Y, Aslam M, Gebril S, Sbitli T, Eweis R, Shahid R, Salem A, Abdelaziz HA, Shah J, Hasan W, Hakim D, Aiash H. Association between insomnia and the incidence of myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:376-385. [PMID: 36841256 PMCID: PMC10106668 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia has been closely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) including myocardial infarction (MI). Our study aims to assess the eligibility of insomnia as a potential risk factor for MI. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using terms; such as "Insomnia" and "MI." Only observational controlled studies with data on the incidence of MI among insomniacs were included. Revman software version 5.4 was used for the analysis. RESULTS Our pooled analysis showed a significant association between insomnia and the incidence of MI compared with noninsomniacs (relative risk [RR] = 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41-2.02, p < .00001). Per sleep duration, we detected the highest association between ≤5 h of sleep, and MI incidence compared to 7-8 h of sleep (RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.41-1.73). Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep were associated with increased MI incidence (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04-1.23, p = .003). However, subgroup analysis of nonrestorative sleep and daytime dysfunction showed an insignificant association with MI among both groups (RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.91-1.23, p = .46). Analysis of age, follow-up duration, sex, and comorbidities showed a significant association in insomniacs. CONCLUSION Insomnia and ≤5 h of sleep are highly associated with increased incidence of MI; an association comparable to that of other MI risk factors and as such, it should be considered as a risk factor for MI and to be incorporated into MI prevention guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna E Dean
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shebl
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Al- Ainy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah S Rouzan
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Yousef Tanas
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Muaaz Aslam
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Gebril
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taher Sbitli
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramy Eweis
- Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Rameen Shahid
- Dow International Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amr Salem
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba Ahmed Abdelaziz
- Department of Family Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Department of Public Health, New York State Department of Health, New York, United States
| | - Walaa Hasan
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Diaa Hakim
- Department of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Hani Aiash
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Perfusion, and Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
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You Y, Chen Y, Fang W, Li X, Wang R, Liu J, Ma X. The association between sedentary behavior, exercise, and sleep disturbance: A mediation analysis of inflammatory biomarkers. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1080782. [PMID: 36713451 PMCID: PMC9880546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1080782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Two related lifestyle behaviors associated with sleep disturbance are sedentary behavior and physical exercise participation. We aimed to use a population-based study to disentangle the relationships between sedentary behavior, exercise, and sleep disturbance based on blood-cell-based inflammatory biomarkers. Methods A total of 22,599 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in the analyses. Sleep disturbance was assessed according to the NHANES questionnaire. Exercise participation ansd sedentary behavior were evaluated by the global physical activity questionnaire. The inflammatory biomarkers in the examination were white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count (NEU), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII). A complex multistage sampling design and weighted multivariable logistic regression were applied for further analysis. Mediation models were constructed to figure out the mediating role of inflammatory biomarkers. Results The weighted prevalence of sleep disturbance was 24.17%. Sedentary behavior and exercise were associated with sleep disturbance after full adjustment [for sedentary behavior, OR (95% CI): 1.261 (1.154, 1.377); for exercise, OR (95% CI): 0.849 (0.757, 0.953)]. In severe sedentary behavior groups, the mitigation effect of exercise on sleep disturbance was observed [OR (95% CI): 0.687 (0.551, 0.857)]. For the mechanism, strong associations were detected between inflammatory biomarkers and sleep disturbance. Mediation analysis showed that WBC, NEU, NLR, and SII mediated the statistical association between sedentary behavior and sleep disturbance with proportions (%) of 2.09, 2.27, 1.76, and 0.82, respectively. Conclusions Our data suggested that sedentary behavior was a risk factor for sleep disturbance. Blood-cell-based inflammatory biomarkers were an easily accessible and cost-effective strategy for identifying sleep disturbance and also significantly mediated the association between sedentary behavior and sleep disturbance. Exercise was proved to be effective in severe sedentary behavior groups to improve sleep disturbance symptoms, while the internal mechanism needed further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Fang
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingtian Li
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jianxiu Liu, ; Xindong Ma,
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jianxiu Liu, ; Xindong Ma,
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Li Y, Nazari N, Sadeghi M. Internet delivered, non-inferiority, two-arm, assessor-blinded intervention comparing mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive-behavioral treatment for insomnia: a protocol study for a randomized controlled trial for nursing staff with insomnia. Trials 2022; 23:1020. [PMID: 36527137 PMCID: PMC9756716 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia and poor sleep quality are highly prevalent conditions related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications among clinical nurses. Although cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a first-line treatment, CBT-I suffers from several major drawbacks. This study investigates whether the application of the internet-delivered mindfulness-based stress reduction (iMBSR) intervention will produce effects that are non-inferior to the internet-delivered CBT-I (iCBT-I) intervention in reducing the severity of insomnia in clinical nurses with insomnia at the end of the study. METHODS This study protocol presents an internet-delivered, parallel-groups, assessor-blinded, two-arm, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. The primary outcome is sleep quality, assessed by the Insomnia Severity Index. Secondary outcomes include depression, dysfunctional beliefs, five facets of mindfulness, and client satisfaction. CONCLUSION It is expected that this study may address several gaps in the literature. The non-inferiority study design is a novel approach to evaluating whether a standardized, complementary treatment (i.e., MBSR) is as practical as a gold standard treatment rather than its potential benefits. This approach may lead to expanded evidence-based practice and improve patient access to effective treatments. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number: ISRCTN36198096 . Registered on 24th May 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Li
- grid.499351.30000 0004 6353 6136Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118 Guangdong China
| | - Nabi Nazari
- grid.411406.60000 0004 1757 0173Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi
- grid.411406.60000 0004 1757 0173Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Insufficient Sleep Syndrome: A Blind Spot in Our Vision of Healthy Sleep. Cureus 2022; 14:e30928. [PMID: 36337802 PMCID: PMC9626376 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep deficiency (CSD) poses a threat to physical health, mental well-being, and social functioning. The concept of behaviorally induced CSD has not changed much since it was first introduced four decades ago. Behaviorally induced CSD is currently referred to as insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). In the latest edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3, 2014), ISS is considered a disorder of central hypersomnolence with diagnostic codes ICD-9-CM 307.44 and ICD-10-CM F51.12. In this review, we will describe the biological importance of sleep, the ramifications of CSD on the individual and society, the nosological status and diagnostic features of ISS, and the apparent lack of attention to ISS in contemporary medical practice and public health programs. The last three decades have seen a global rise in voluntary sleep curtailment such that ISS may already be the leading cause of CSD, not only in adults but also in school-aged children and adolescents. Acknowledging ISS as a public health priority is a necessary first step in our response to the global threat of CSD and CSD-related health consequences. It is only by confronting ISS directly that we can hope to develop and implement effective educational and advocacy programs, along with more responsible public health policies and regulations.
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Begasse de Dhaem O, Sakai F. Migraine in the workplace. eNeurologicalSci 2022; 27:100408. [PMID: 35774055 PMCID: PMC9237352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2022.100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is prevalent, disabling, and peaks during people's peak productive years. The impact of migraine on people's professional lives, work productivity, and interpersonal relationships at work eventually affects everyone, has a significant detrimental effect on people with migraine, and a huge cost in terms of lost productivity. People with migraine want to work, so they do their best to work despite the varied migraine related and associated symptoms. Most of migraine-related productivity loss (89%) is due to presenteeism. People are less than half effective during a migraine attack due to the pain, migraine symptoms, attack unpredictability, migraine comorbidities, emotional impact, under-diagnosis and under-management, and the stigma. Migraine-related productivity loss may negatively affect people's career choice, job status and/or security, financial status, work relationships, mood, and confidence. Migraine is estimated to represent 16% of total US workforce presenteeism. Thankfully, there are ways to help support people with migraine in the workplace and increase their productivity such as: workplace migraine education programs, workplace migraine education and management programs, migraine-friendly work environment, migraine treatment optimization and advocacy. The example of the successful workplace migraine education and management program developed and run in collaboration between Fujitsu, the Japanase Headache Society, and the International Headache Society Global Patient Advocacy Coalition is discussed. Migraine-related productivity loss is costly to people with migraine, to employers, and to everyone in one way or another. Workplace migraine education and/or management programs and migraine-friendly environment help people with migraine at work. Neurologists can help support their patients in the workplace and get involved in advocacy in many ways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fumihiko Sakai
- Saitama International Headache Center, Saitama Neuropsychiatric Institute, Saitama, Japan
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12
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Awaad AES, El-Bestar S, El-Gilany AH, Al-Wehedy A, El-Hadidy SS. Presenteeism and associated factors among railway train drivers. F1000Res 2022; 11:470. [PMID: 35811792 PMCID: PMC9237557 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.111999.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Presenteeism is an emerging work-related health problem among train drivers. It is more serious than absenteeism, as it accounts for higher productivity losses over the long term and may increase the risk of occupational accidents. Train drivers have high rates of mental and physical health conditions that may put them at high risk of presenteeism. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 train drivers working in Mansoura railway station and 100 administrative employees working in the Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura university as a comparison group to estimate the prevalence of presenteeism and its associated factors among train drivers working in Mansoura railway station, Egypt. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, occupational and medical data. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to measure non-specific psychological distress. The Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) was used to assess productivity loss related to sickness presenteeism. Results: The prevalence of presenteeism was significantly higher among train drivers (76%) compared to the comparison group (31%). All participants (100%) with psychological distress reported presenteeism. Being a train driver (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=5.4) and having hypertension (AOR=4.03) are independent predictors for presenteeism. Conclusions: The prevalence of presenteeism and its associated risk factors were significantly higher among train drivers than the comparison group. There is an urgent need for the railway industry to understand the factors that may contribute to presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa El-Sayed Awaad
- Assistant lecturer of Industrial Medicine and Occupational Health, Public Health & Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Sohair El-Bestar
- Professor of Industrial Medicine and Occupational Health, Public Health & Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Professor of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Public Health & Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Adel Al-Wehedy
- Professor of Industrial Medicine and Occupational Health, Public Health & Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Samah Saleh El-Hadidy
- Assistant professor of Industrial Medicine and Occupational Health, Public Health & Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
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13
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Grandner MA. Sleep, Health, and Society. Sleep Med Clin 2022; 17:117-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Tsantaki E, Smyrnakis E, Constantinidis TC, Benos A. Indoor air quality and sick building syndrome in a university setting: a case study in Greece. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:595-615. [PMID: 32633551 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1789567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The perceived Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), the prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) symptoms and its contributing risk factors were assessed in a university during the period of the economic crisis in Greece. Data was collected from 613 employees via questionnaires. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was performed. The most prevalent perceived IAQ complaints were 'Dust and dirt' (63.2%), 'Room temperature too low' (24.9%) and 'Varying room temperature' (24.4%). The most frequently reported SBS symptom was 'Fatigue' (34.1%). The prevalence of General, Mucosal and Dermal symptoms was 40.8%, 19.8% and 8.1%, respectively. Several contributing risk factors were identified, such as IAQ Discomfort Scale, atopy, sleep problems, female, exposure to biological and chemical agents, PC-use, Psychosocial Work Scale and job satisfaction. Poor perceived IAQ and high prevalence of SBS symptoms were reported from the university staff in a temperate climate country. SBS seemed to be multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Tsantaki
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Smyrnakis
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros C Constantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexis Benos
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Abstract
Sleep is entwined across many physiologic processes in the brain and periphery, thereby exerting tremendous influence on our well-being. Yet sleep exists in a social-environmental context. Contextualizing sleep health with respect to its determinants—from individual- to societal-level factors—would enable neuroscientists to more effectively translate sleep health into clinical practice. Key challenges and opportunities pertain to (i) recognizing and exploring sleep’s functional roles, (ii) clarifying causal mechanisms in relation to key outcomes, (iii) developing richer model systems, (iv) linking models to known contextual factors, and (v) leveraging advances in multisensory technology. Meeting these challenges and opportunities would help transcend disciplinary boundaries such that social-environmental considerations related to sleep would become an ever-greater presence in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Suite AHSC 7326, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Fabian-Xosé Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona College of Science, 1503 E. University Blvd., Room 507, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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16
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Kagan R, Shiozawa A, Epstein AJ, Espinosa R. Impact of sleep disturbances on employment and work productivity among midlife women in the US SWAN database: a brief report. Menopause 2021; 28:1176-1180. [PMID: 34469936 PMCID: PMC8462448 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopause is associated with an increased prevalence of sleep difficulties. We evaluated the economic burden of sleep disturbances among working midlife women. METHODS This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study collected data from the US Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) database of women age 42-52 years at enrollment. We assessed the association between sleep disturbances (trouble falling asleep, waking early, or nocturnal awakenings) and workplace productivity (employment [yes/no] and work hours/wk) for women who were employed at the baseline visit and had ≥1 follow-up visit. We estimated overall economic burden by multiplying changes in productivity by median age-specific hourly US wages. Each woman's data were compared from visit to visit and were excluded after the first observed unemployment. Regression analysis was used to estimate associations between changes in sleep and changes in workplace productivity while controlling for relevant characteristics that varied over time. RESULTS The analysis included 2,489 working women (19,707 visits); 31% became unemployed during follow-up. Risk of unemployment was 31% higher for women with versus without new-onset sleep disturbances (P = 0.0474). Onset of sleep disturbances was associated with a 0.44-0.57 hours/wk reduction in work time (not significant). Using the more conservative reduction (0.44 h), sleep problems were associated with an annual loss of $517 to $524 per woman and $2.2 billion/yr in lost productivity among women age 42-64 nationwide. CONCLUSIONS New-onset sleep problems in midlife women are associated with significant increases in risk of unemployment and ∼$2 billion/yr in lost productivity nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kagan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA
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17
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Rani R, Arokiasamy P, Selvamani Y, Sikarwar A. Gender differences in self-reported sleep problems among older adults in six middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study. J Women Aging 2021; 34:605-620. [PMID: 34436971 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2021.1965425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examines gender differences in sleep problems among older adults in India, China, Ghana, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. We used data on 33,929 individuals (50+ years) from the WHO-SAGE. Results showed significant gender differences in the prevalence of sleep problems with the largest difference in Russia followed by India. Regression results showed higher odds of sleep problems among women in India, China, Russia, and South Africa. Age, low back pain, depression, and poor self-rated health were significantly associated with sleep problems. This research confirms significant gender differences in sleep problems among the older population in middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Rani
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Perianayagam Arokiasamy
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Y Selvamani
- Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) Project, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankit Sikarwar
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Kjørstad K, Sivertsen B, Vedaa Ø, Langsrud K, Faaland PM, Vethe D, Vestergaard CL, Scott J, Kallestad H. The Effect of Reducing Insomnia Severity on Work- and Activity-Related Impairment. Behav Sleep Med 2021; 19:505-515. [PMID: 32731764 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1799792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND The effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) for alleviating sleep problems is well established. However, few studies have explored its impact on work productivity and activity. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-seven currently employed adults with insomnia disorder (59 females) recruited to a randomized trial of digital versus face-to-face CBT-I. METHODS AND MATERIALS The general health version of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire was used to measure absenteeism, presenteeism, total work impairment, and activity impairment. We assessed changes in work productivity and activity pre-to-post-therapy for the total sample and then for subgroups categorized according to response or remission of insomnia disorder (evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index). RESULTS Study participants showed significant improvements in presenteeism (p = .001; Cohen's d= 0.46), total work impairment (p < .001; d= 0.48), and activity (p < .001; d= 0.66), but not absenteeism (p = .51; d= 0.084) between baseline and follow-up assessment. Individuals meeting criteria for remission showed significantly greater improvement in presenteeism (p = .002), total work impairment (p < .001), and activity (p = .006), but not absenteeism (p = .064). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the benefits of CBT-I extend beyond improvement in sleep to encompass moderate-to-large improvements in work productivity and activity levels particularly for individuals who achieve remission from insomnia. Given the importance of these behaviors, there is a need for future large-scale randomized trials and cohort studies which should strive to include objective measurement of daytime activity and work performance more frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Kjørstad
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Voss District Psychiatric Hospital, NKS Bjørkeli, Voss, Norway
| | - Knut Langsrud
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Patrick M Faaland
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel Vethe
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cecilie L Vestergaard
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Scott
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Håvard Kallestad
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Huang HC, Chen KH, Kuo SF, Chen IH. Can foot reflexology be a complementary therapy for sleep disturbances? Evidence appraisal through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Adv Nurs 2020; 77:1683-1697. [PMID: 33615535 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To systematically summarize and quantify the effects of foot reflexology on improvements in sleep disturbances. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Datasets including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CINAHL and two Chinese electronic databases (i.e., AiritiLibrary and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were used to search from their inception to 31 January 2019. REVIEW METHODS Studies which were randomized controlled trials that reported changes in sleep disturbances after the intervention among adults over 18 years old and written in the English or Chinese language were included. Two reviewers' independently assessed the eligibility, extracted data, and conducted a quality assessment. Based on the extracted data, two separate meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS Forty-two articles with a total sample of 3,928 participants were included in the systematic review and were eligible for the meta-analysis. The most commonly employed outcome measurement tool was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, followed by the therapeutic effect between the intervention and control groups (as evaluated by participants with sleep problems compared with those without sleep problems in each group after the intervention). Results revealed that foot reflexology resulted in a greater reduction in the sleep quality score compared with the controls (Hedges' g = -1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -1.81~-0.94). As for the therapeutic effect, participants in the intervention group were less likely to have sleep problems than those in the control group (pooled odds ratio = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.19 ~ 0.31). CONCLUSION The findings suggested that foot reflexology produced significant improvements in sleep disturbances. IMPACT Foot reflexology is a non-invasive and convenient intervention and regularly receiving foot reflexology can be considered complementary therapy to improve the sleep quality of adults with sleep disturbances. Furthermore, healthcare providers can actively press the solar plexus and heart zones to alleviate sleep disturbances when performing foot reflexology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chuan Huang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Hsin Chen
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing and Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Nursing and Healthcare Research in Clinical Practice Application, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Kuo
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hui Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Robbins R, Weaver MD, Quan SF, Rosenberg E, Barger LK, Czeisler CA, Grandner MA. Employee Sleep Enhancement and Fatigue Reduction Programs: Analysis of the 2017 CDC Workplace Health in America Poll. Am J Health Promot 2020; 35:503-513. [PMID: 33172286 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120969091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleep health, including sleep deficiency and sleep disturbance, is common among employed adults in the U.S. and is associated with undesirable workplace outcomes. Adoption of workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs) is increasing, yet few programs aim to reduce fatigue or improve sleep among employees. OBJECTIVE We analyzed data from the nationally representative 2017 Centers for Disease Control Workplace Health in America poll to identify the prevalence of sleep enhancement or fatigue reduction WHPPs and the characteristics of employers that offer these programs. METHOD A stratified random sample of nationally-representative worksites with ≥10 employees was generated. It comprised 2,843 worksites. Worksite representatives reported workplace characteristics, health promotion activities, and the likelihood of offering WHPPs relating to sleep enhancement or fatigue reduction. Logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify characteristics associated with offering a sleep enhancement or fatigue reduction WHPP, controlling for WHPP budget and size of the company, and contingent on worksites having a comprehensive workplace health plan. RESULTS Less than 1 in 10 worksites (10%) reported offering a sleep enhancement or fatigue reduction WHPP. Worksites most likely to offer a sleep-focused WHPP were those in retail, wholesale, or technology industries (OR = 2.71, 95%CI: 1.08-6.8) vs. those in the finance, information, technology industries; those with a large WHPP budget (>$500,000, OR = 6.85, 95%CI: 2.1-22.35) vs. those with no budget; and those that had visible support of WHPP initiatives from senior leadership (OR = 4.74, 95%CI: 1.91-11.75) vs. those without such support. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight how few worksites reported offering sleep-focused programs for their employees. Those worksites that did feature such programs, were commonly well-resourced and had senior leadership support for WHPP initiatives in general. Future research should consider working directly with leaders to expand the implementation of employee sleep enhancement and fatigue reduction WHPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Robbins
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Weaver
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Laura K Barger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, 12216University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
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21
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Kase BE, Liu J, Wirth MD, Shivappa N, Hebert JR. Associations between dietary inflammatory index and sleep problems among adults in the United States, NHANES 2005-2016. Sleep Health 2020; 7:273-280. [PMID: 33071202 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores and sleep measures of sleep duration and self-reported sleep disturbance. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The United States. PARTICIPANTS Participants from the 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who were 20 years old or older (n = 30,121). MEASUREMENTS Sleep duration, classified as short (≤6 hours), long (≥9 hours) and recommended (6-9 hours) duration, and the presence of self-reported sleep disturbance were the outcome variables. The energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) was computed based on the dietary intake data using a single-day 24-hour dietary recall. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the associations. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, participants in the highest quintile (most proinflammatory E-DII) had a 40% increase in the odds of short sleep duration compared to the lowest quintile (most anti-inflammatory E-DII)(ORquintile5vs1 = 1.40 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.21, 1.61]). The odds of short sleep duration was increased by 26% in quintile 4 compared to quintile 1 (OR quintile4vs1 = 1.26 [95% CI, 1.10, 1.43]). Similarly, the odds of long sleep duration was increased in higher E-DII quintiles (ORquintile5vs1 = 1.23 [95% CI, 1.03, 1.46] and ORquintile4vs1 = 1.24 [95% CI, 1.03, 1.49]). Participants in the highest E-DII quintile also were more likely to report sleep disturbances (ORquintile5vs1 = 1.14 [95% CI, 1.02, 1.27]). CONCLUSIONS Adults consuming proinflammatory diets were more likely to have short sleep duration, long sleep duration, and/or self-reported sleep disturbances. Future, especially longitudinal, studies need to examine the impact of anti-inflammatory diets in mitigating extreme sleep durations and sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bezawit E Kase
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208.
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208; Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC 29201; College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208; Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC 29201
| | - James R Hebert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208; Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC 29201
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22
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Schousboe JT, Kats AM, Stone KL, Langsetmo L, Vo TN, Blackwell TL, Buysse DJ, Ancoli-Israel S, Ensrud KE. Self-reported poor sleep on multiple dimensions is associated with higher total health care costs in older men. Sleep 2020; 43:5819391. [PMID: 32280977 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To estimate the association of self-reported poor sleep in multiple dimensions with health care costs in older men. METHODS Participants were 1,413 men (mean [SD] age 76.5 [5.7] years) enrolled in both the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men (MrOS Sleep) study and Medicare Fee-for-Service. Poor sleep was characterized at the baseline MrOS Sleep visit on five dimensions (satisfaction, daytime sleepiness, timing, latency, and duration). Health care costs and utilization were ascertained over 3 years of follow-up using Medicare Claims. RESULTS Median (interquartile range [IQR]) annualized total health care costs (2018 US dollars) rose from $3,616 (IQR 1,523-7,875) for those with no impaired sleep dimensions to $4,416 (IQR 1,854-11,343) for men with two impaired sleep dimensions and $5,819 (IQR 1,936-15,569) for those with at least three impaired sleep dimensions. After multivariable adjustment, the ratio of total health care costs (CR) was significantly higher for men with two (1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03- to 1.48) and men with at least three impaired sleep dimensions (1.78, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.23) vs. those with no impaired sleep dimensions. After excluding 101 men who died during the 3-year follow-up period, these associations were attenuated and not significant (CR 1.22, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.53 for men ≥3 impaired sleep dimensions vs. none). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported poor sleep on multiple dimensions is associated with higher subsequent total health care costs in older men, but this may be due to higher mortality and increased health care costs toward the end of life among those with poor sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Schousboe
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, MN.,Division of Health Policy & Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Allyson M Kats
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Katie L Stone
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lisa Langsetmo
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Tien N Vo
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Terri L Blackwell
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Kristine E Ensrud
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Center for Care Delivery & Outcomes Research, VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
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23
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Silva GE, Quan SF, McMorrow T, Bautista R, Bell ML, Haynes PL. Association between obstructive sleep apnea and multiple involuntary job loss history among recently unemployed adults. Sleep Health 2020; 7:118-122. [PMID: 33036951 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with negative occupational outcomes including absenteeism and poor work productivity. This analysis explored whether the severity of OSA was associated with multiple involuntary job loss history among recently unemployed adults. METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the screening visit of the Assessing Daily Activity Patterns Through Occupational Transitions study. Information was collected from 261 participants who recently involuntarily lost their jobs. Data included demographics, employment, medical history, and results from a limited channel home sleep apnea test. The respiratory event index was categorized as <5 events per hour (no-OSA), 5 to <15 (mild OSA), and ≥15 (moderate to severe OSA). Logistic regression and propensity score matching were used to identify factors associated with multiple involuntary job loss. RESULTS A total of 44.8% of participants reported multiple involuntary job loss. Those with mild OSA had 1.85 (95%CI: 1.04, 3.28) increased odds of reporting multiple involuntary job loss as compared to participants with no OSA in the unadjusted model; while participants with moderate-to-severe OSA had 2.71 (95%CI: 1.33, 5.70) increased odds. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, beginning work between 7 and 9 AM, job type, and, compensation type, the odds of involuntary job loss among participants with moderate-severe OSA were 2.46 (95%CI: 1.13, 5.52) as compared to having no OSA. CONCLUSIONS In a sample of recently unemployed adults, having OSA significantly increased the odds of reporting previous involuntary job losses. This study suggests OSA could be a risk factor for job loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela E Silva
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
| | - Stuart F Quan
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taryn McMorrow
- College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Rueben Bautista
- College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Melanie L Bell
- College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Patricia L Haynes
- College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Fan JK, Sim M, Lilley R, Wong IS, Smith PM. Sleep disturbances and disability following work-related injury and illness: Examining longitudinal relationships across three follow-up waves. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13124. [PMID: 32618046 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high burden of sleep disturbances among the general population, there is limited information on prevalence and impact of poor sleep among injured workers. This study: (a) estimated the prevalence of sleep disturbance following work-related injury; and (b) examined the longitudinal association between sleep disturbances and disability/functioning, accounting for reciprocal relationships and mental illness. Longitudinal survey data were collected from workers' compensation claimants with a time-loss claim in Victoria, Australia (N = 700). Surveys were conducted at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Sleep disturbance was measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaire. Disability/functioning was based on self-reported activity limitations, participation restrictions and emotional functioning. Path models examined the association between disability/functioning and sleep. Mean sleep disturbance T-scores were 55.2 (SD 11.4) at 6 months, with 36.4% of the sample having a T-score of 60+. Longitudinal relationships were observed between disability (specifically, emotional functioning) and sleep disturbances across successive follow-up waves. For example, each unit increase in T2 emotional functioning (five-point scale) was associated with a 1.1 unit increase in T3 sleep disturbance (approximately 29-76 scale). Cross-lagged path models found evidence of a reciprocal relationship between disability and sleep, although adjustment for mental illness attenuated the estimates to the null. In conclusion, sleep disturbances are common among workers' compensation claimants with work injuries/illnesses. Given the links between some dimensions of disability, mental health and sleep disturbances, the findings have implications for the development of interventions that target the high prevalence of sleep problems among working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Fan
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Malcolm Sim
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Rebbecca Lilley
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Imelda S Wong
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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26
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Gerber M, Börjesson M, Jonsdottir IH, Lindwall M. Association of change in physical activity associated with change in sleep complaints: results from a six-year longitudinal study with Swedish health care workers. Sleep Med 2020; 69:189-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Riedy S, Dawson D, Fekedulegn D, Andrew M, Vila B, Violanti JM. Fatigue and short-term unplanned absences among police officers. POLICING (BRADFORD, ENGLAND) 2020; 43:483-494. [PMID: 34135688 PMCID: PMC8205509 DOI: 10.1108/pijpsm-10-2019-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE – The purpose of this paper is to assess whether shift work, sleep loss and fatigue are related to short-term unplanned absences in policing. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH – N = 367 police officers from the Buffalo Police Department were studied. Day-by-day work and sick leave data were obtained from the payroll. Absenteeism was defined as taking a single sick day on a regularly scheduled workday. Biomathematical models of fatigue (BMMF) predicted officers' sleep-wake behaviors and on-duty fatigue and sleepiness. Prior sleep, fatigue and sleepiness were tested as predictors of absenteeism during the next shift. FINDINGS – A total of 513,666 shifts and 4,868 cases of absenteeism were studied. The odds of absenteeism increased as on-duty fatigue and sleepiness increased and prior sleep decreased. This was particularly evident for swing shift officers and night shift officers who were predicted by BMMF to obtain less sleep and have greater fatigue and sleepiness than day shift officers. The odds of absenteeism were higher for female officers than male officers; this finding was not due to a differential response to sleep loss, fatigue or sleepiness. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS – Absenteeism may represent a self-management strategy for fatigue or compensatory behavior to reduced sleep opportunity. Long and irregular work hours that reduce sleep opportunity may be administratively controllable culprits of absenteeism. ORIGINALITY/VALUE – Police fatigue has consequences for police officers, departments and communities. BMMF provide a potential tool for predicting and mitigating police fatigue. BMMF were used to investigate the effects of sleep and fatigue on absenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Riedy
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Drew Dawson
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Wayville, Australia
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Michael Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Bryan Vila
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Morsy NE, Farrag NS, Zaki NFW, Badawy AY, Abdelhafez SA, El-Gilany AH, El Shafey MM, Pandi-Perumal SR, Spence DW, BaHammam AS. Obstructive sleep apnea: personal, societal, public health, and legal implications. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:153-169. [PMID: 31085749 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widely prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder, which leads to several life-threatening diseases. OSA has systemic effects on various organ systems. Untreated OSA is associated with long-term health consequences including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, depression, metabolic disorders, and stroke. In addition, untreated OSA is reported to be associated with cognitive dysfunction, impaired productivity at the workplace and in an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) resulting in injury and fatality. Other consequences of OSA include, but are not limited to, impaired vigilance, daytime somnolence, performance deficits, morning headaches, mood disturbances, neurobehavioral impairments, and general malaise. Additionally, OSA has become an economic burden on most health systems all over the world. Many driving license regulations have been developed to reduce MVAs among OSA patients. Methods Studies of the personal, societal, public health, and legal aspects of OSA are reviewed. Data were collected through the following databases: MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, SAGE Research Methods, and ScienceDirect. Conclusion OSA leads to worsening of patients' personal relationships, decreasing work productivity, and increasing occupational accidents as well as MVAs. The costs of undiagnosed and untreated OSA to healthcare organizations are excessive. Thus, proper management of OSA will benefit not only the patient but will also provide widespread benefits to the society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen E Morsy
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Mansoura University Sleep Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nesrine S Farrag
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nevin F W Zaki
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 36551, Gomhoria Street, Mansoura 35511, Egypt
- Mansoura University Sleep Center, Mansoura, Egypt, E-mail:
| | - Ahmad Y Badawy
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sayed A Abdelhafez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences, Technology, and Innovation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wee LH, Yeap LLL, Chan CMH, Wong JE, Jamil NA, Swarna Nantha Y, Siau CS. Anteceding factors predicting absenteeism and presenteeism in urban area in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:540. [PMID: 31196096 PMCID: PMC6565599 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6860-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organization productivity is strongly linked to employees’ socioeconomic characteristics and health which is marked by absenteeism and presenteeism. This study aims to identify anteceding factors predicting employees’ absenteeism and presenteeism by income, physical and mental health. Methods An online health survey was conducted between May to July 2017 among employees from 47 private companies located in urban Malaysia. A total of 5235 respondents completed the 20-min online employee health survey on a voluntary basis. Chi-Square or Fisher’s exact tests were used to determine association between income with demographic and categorical factors of absenteeism and presenteeism. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify factors predicting absenteeism and presenteeism. Results More than one third of respondents’ monthly income were less than RM4,000 (35.4%), 29.6% between RM4,000-RM7,999 and 35.0% earned RM8,000 and above. The mean age was 33.8 years (sd ± 8.8) and 49.1% were married. A majority were degree holders (74.4%) and 43.6% were very concerned about their financial status. Mean years of working was 6.2 years (sd ± 6.9) with 68.9% satisfied with their job. More than half reported good general physical health (54.5%) (p = 0.065) and mental health (53.5%) (p = 0.019). The mean hours of sleep were 6.4 h (sd ± 1.1) with 63.2% reporting being unwell due to stress for the past 12 months. Mean work time missed due to ill-health (absenteeism) was 3.1% (sd ± 9.1), 2.8% (sd ± 9.1) and 1.8% (sd ± 6.5) among employees whose monthly income was less than RM4,000, RM4,000-RM7,999 and over RM8,000 respectively (p = 0.0066). Mean impairment while working due to ill-health (presenteeism) was 28.2% (sd ± 25.3), 24.9% (sd ± 25.5) and 20.3% (sd ± 22.9) among employees whose monthly income was less than RM4,000, RM4,000-RM7,999 and over RM8,000 respectively (p < 0.0001). Factors that predict both absenteeism and presenteeism were income, general physical health, sleep length and being unwell due to stress. Conclusions A combination of socioeconomic, physical and mental health factors predicted absenteeism and presenteeism with different strengths. Having insufficient income may lead to second jobs or working more hours which may affect their sleep, subjecting them to stressful condition and poor physical health. These findings demand holistic interventions from organizations and the government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hum Wee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lena Lay Ling Yeap
- Stats Consulting Sdn. Bhd, Ara Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jyh Eiin Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aini Jamil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogarabindranath Swarna Nantha
- Primary Care Department, Tuanku Jaafar Hospital, The Ministry of Health Malaysia, Bukit Rasah, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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30
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Cary D, Collinson R, Sterling M, Briffa K. Examining the validity and reliability of a portable sleep posture assessment protocol, using infrared cameras, under a variety of light and bed cover situations in the home environment. Work 2019; 63:291-298. [PMID: 31156210 DOI: 10.3233/wor-192930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal symptoms of pain and stiffness on waking have been linked to sleep posture. Sleep posture is commonly classified as supine, side lying and prone. It is clinically postulated that sleeping postures with sustained end of range rotation and extension may influence pain sensitive spinal tissues. However, the lack of a valid and reliable method of assessing sleep posture, means clinicians are unable to provide corrective advice based upon evidenced based research. OBJECTIVE To determine the validity and reliability of a sleep posture recording protocol in the home environment. METHOD Twenty health professionals viewed a pre-recorded video recording of randomised sleep postures under natural and infrared light situations, with a variety of bed coverings, to represent the habitual environment. Sleep postures were classified into six categories including two intermediate postures (supported side lying and provocative side lying). Viewing was repeated after two days. RESULTS Intra-and inter-rater reliability were excellent; Cohen's Kappa = .93 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.0) and Fleiss Kappa = 0.83 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.84) respectively. Validity, determined as concordance between the health professionals' classifications and the known postures, was also excellent Cohen's Kappa = .91 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.0). CONCLUSIONS Reliable and valid assessment of sleep posture, including intermediate postures, could be achieved using low cost, portable, infrared video recording equipment, under a variety of lighting conditions and a variety of bed cover situations typical of the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug Cary
- Esperance Physiotherapy, Esperance, WA, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Roger Collinson
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michele Sterling
- Recover Injury Research Centre, NHMRC CRE in Road Traffic Injury, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Kathryn Briffa
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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31
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Effectiveness of a Blended Web-Based Intervention to Raise Sleep Awareness at Workplace. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:e253-e259. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Coombe AH, Epps F, Lee J, Chen ML, Imes CC, Chasens ER. Sleep and Self-Rated Health in an Aging Workforce. Workplace Health Saf 2019; 67:302-310. [PMID: 30999809 DOI: 10.1177/2165079919828748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The labor force participation rate for adults aged 55 years and older has increased nearly 10% over the past two and a half decades. As workers age, they frequently experience increased chronic health conditions and impaired sleep, which may negatively influence their self-rated health (SRH) and work performance. This study aimed to examine the associations between nonrestorative sleep (NRS) and work performance (i.e., difficulty concentrating or having lower productivity at work) and associations between demographic and sleep characteristics with SRH in middle-aged workers. We conducted a secondary data analysis among working middle-aged adults 50 to 65 years of age ( N = 392) from the 2008 Sleep in America Poll. Respondents frequently reported impaired sleep such as frequent insomnia symptoms, NRS, and short sleep duration. Nonrestorative sleep was associated with decreased work performance such as trouble organizing work, doing work over due to mistakes, and lower productivity. Nonrestorative sleep and short sleep duration were significantly associated with lower SRH. Strategies for the early detection of impaired sleep and implementation of interventions to improve sleep may improve SRH and work performance in working middle-aged adults.
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Redeker NS, Caruso CC, Hashmi SD, Mullington JM, Grandner M, Morgenthaler TI. Workplace Interventions to Promote Sleep Health and an Alert, Healthy Workforce. J Clin Sleep Med 2019; 15:649-657. [PMID: 30952228 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to synthesize the published literature that addresses employer-initiated interventions to improve the sleep of workers and in turn improve health, productivity, absenteeism, and other outcomes that have been associated with sleep disorders or sleep deficiency. METHODS We conducted a systematic search and a selective narrative review of publications in PubMed from 1966 to December 2017. We extracted study characteristics, including the workers' professions, workplace settings and shift work, and workplace interventions focused on worker sleep. Because of the high degree of heterogeneity in design and outcomes, we conducted a narrative review. RESULTS We identified 219 publications. After restriction to publications with studies of workplace interventions that evaluated the outcomes of sleep duration or quality, we focused on 47 articles. An additional 13 articles were accepted in the pearling process. Most studies employed non-randomized or controlled pretest and posttest designs and self-reported measures of sleep. The most common workplace interventions were educational programs stressing sleep hygiene or fatigue management. Other interventions included timed napping before or after work, urging increased daytime activity levels, modifying workplace environmental characteristics such as lighting, and screening, and referral for sleep disorders treatment. Overall, most reports indicated that employer efforts to encourage improved sleep hygiene and healthier habits result in improvements in sleep duration, sleep quality, and self-reported sleepiness complaints. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest employer-sponsored efforts can improve sleep and sleep-related outcomes. The existing evidence, although weak, suggests efforts by employers to encourage better sleep habits and general fitness result in self-reported improvements in sleep-related outcomes, and may be associated with reduced absenteeism and better overall quality of life. Candidate workplace strategies to promote sleep health are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire C Caruso
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Robbins R, Jackson CL, Underwood P, Vieira D, Jean-Louis G, Buxton OM. Employee Sleep and Workplace Health Promotion: A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot 2019; 33:1009-1019. [PMID: 30957509 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119841407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Workplace-based employee health promotion programs often target weight loss or physical activity, yet there is growing attention to sleep as it affects employee health and performance. The goal of this review is to systematically examine workplace-based employee health interventions that measure sleep duration as an outcome. DATA SOURCE We conducted systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycINFO (n = 6177 records). STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA To be included in this systematic review, studies must include (1) individuals aged >18 years, (2) a worker health-related intervention, (3) an employee population, and (4) sleep duration as a primary or secondary outcome. RESULTS Twenty studies met criteria. Mean health promotion program duration was 2.0 months (standard deviation [SD] = 1.3), and mean follow-up was 5.6 months (SD = 6.5). The mean sample size of 395 employees (SD = 700.8) had a mean age of 41.5 years (SD = 5.2). Measures of sleep duration included self-report from a general questionnaire (n = 12, 66.6%), self-report based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (n = 4, 22.2%), and self-report and actigraphy combined (n = 5, 27.7%). Studies most commonly included sleep hygiene (35.0%), yoga (25.0%), physical activity (10.0%), and cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (10.0%) interventions. Across the interventions, 9 different behavior change techniques (BCTs) were utilized; the majority of interventions used 3 or fewer BCTs, while 1 intervention utilized 4 BCTs. Study quality, on average, was 68.9% (SD = 11.1). Half of the studies found workplace-based health promotion program exposure was associated with a desired increase in mean nightly sleep duration (n = 10, 50.0%). CONCLUSIONS Our study findings suggest health promotion programs may be helpful for increasing employee sleep duration and subsequent daytime performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Robbins
- 1 Center for Health Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- 2 Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Phoenix Underwood
- 1 Center for Health Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorice Vieira
- 1 Center for Health Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giradin Jean-Louis
- 1 Center for Health Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- 3 Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,4 Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,5 Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Sleep Health Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,6 Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Fernandes RA, Mantovani AM, Codogno JS, Turi-Lynch BC, Pokhrel S, Anokye N. The Relationship between Lifestyle and Costs Related to Medicine Use in Adults. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 112:749-755. [PMID: 30892384 PMCID: PMC6636366 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unhealthy lifestyle is growing and this can have repercussions on health status demanding actions on the occurrence of diseases and leads to increased expenses. OBJECTIVE To examine the interrelationship between the costs of medicine use and lifestyle behaviors. METHODS A cohort study with 118 participants, age around 51.7 ± 7.1 years old. It was collected personal and anthropometric data and information about medicine of continuous use to calculate the costs. Lifestyle variables included habitual physical activity (PA) assessed by pedometer, sedentary behavior by Baecke questionnaire, sleep quality by mini sleep questionnaire and self-report of smoke and alcohol consumption. Statistical analyses were performed by BioEstat (version 5.2) and the significance level set at p-value < 0.05. RESULTS In 12 months, 62 subjects bought 172 medicines, representing an overall cost of US$ 3,087.01. Expenditures with drugs were negatively related to PA (r = -0.194, p-value = 0.035 and r = -0.281, p-value = 0.002), but positively related with sleep quality (r = 0.299, p-value=0.001 and r = 0.315, p-value = 0.001) and age (r = 0.274, p-value = 0.003). Four multivariate models were executed considering lifestyle behaviors in different moments of cohort and medicine costs, and all these models identify important relationship between lifestyle behaviors with expenditures with drugs. CONCLUSION Worse sleep quality seems to increase the costs related to medicine use in adults, while obesity and ageing play a relevant role in this phenomenon and alcohol consumption seems a variable with relevant economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Araujo Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP - Brazil.,Departmento de Educação Física - Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP - Brazil
| | - Alessandra Madia Mantovani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP - Brazil
| | - Jamile Sanches Codogno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP - Brazil.,Departmento de Educação Física - Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP - Brazil
| | - Bruna Camilo Turi-Lynch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP - Brazil
| | - Subhash Pokhrel
- Institute of Environment - Health and Societies - Brunel University - Uxbridge, London - United Kingdom
| | - Nana Anokye
- Institute of Environment - Health and Societies - Brunel University - Uxbridge, London - United Kingdom
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Isaak V, Vashdi D, Steiner-Lavi O. The long-term effects of a prevention program on the number of critical incidents and sick leave days. Int J Ment Health Syst 2018; 12:71. [PMID: 30479657 PMCID: PMC6247611 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-018-0250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study explores the effectiveness of refresher training sessions of an intervention program at reducing the employees’ risk of injury due to patient violence in forensic psychiatric hospital. Methods The original safety intervention program that consisted of a 3 days’ workshop was conducted in the maximum—security ward of a psychiatric hospital in Israel. Ever since the original intervention, annual refreshers were conducted highlighting one of the safety elements covered in the original intervention. The study examines the effect of the intervention program along with the refreshers over a period of 10 years in four wards. Results Analysis of the data demonstrates that beyond the initial reduction following the original intervention, refreshers seem to have an additional positive long-term effect, reducing both the number of violent incidents and the number of actual employee injuries in forensic psychiatric hospital. Conclusions We conclude that such an intervention program followed by refresher training would promote employees’ wellbeing. A healthy work environment is part of management’s commitment to improve employee wellbeing at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Isaak
- 1The Division of Public Administration and Policy, School of Political Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905 Haifa, Israel
| | - D Vashdi
- 1The Division of Public Administration and Policy, School of Political Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905 Haifa, Israel
| | - O Steiner-Lavi
- Management Faculty, MLA The College for Academic Studies, Or Yehuda, Israel
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article investigated whether work-to-family conflict (WFC) and work-to-family enrichment (WFE) were associated with employee sleep quality. WFC and WFE reflect the potential for experiences at work to negatively and positively influence nonworking life respectively, and may have implications for sleep quality. In this article, we examined whether WFC and WFE were linked with sleep quality via hedonic balance (i.e., positive affect relative to negative affect). PARTICIPANTS The sample included 3,170 employed Australian parents involved in the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. METHODS Information on WFC, WFE, hedonic balance, sleep quality, and relevant covariates was collected through a structured interview and self-completion questionnaire. RESULTS WFC was associated with poorer sleep quality (β = .27, p < .001), and this relationship was stronger in males than females and in dual parent-single income families. WFC was also found to be indirectly associated with poor sleep quality via a lower hedonic balance (β = .17, 99% confidence interval [.14, .20]). WFE was not directly associated with sleep quality, but was indirectly associated with better sleep quality via a higher hedonic balance (β = -.04 [-.07, -.02]). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that aspects of the work-family interface are associated with employee sleep quality. Furthermore, affective experiences were found to link WFC and WFE with sleep quality. Workplace interventions that target WFC and WFE may have implications for employee sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Magee
- a School of Psychology, University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia.,b Department of Health Studies , University of Stavanger , Stavanger, Norway
| | - Laura D Robinson
- b Department of Health Studies , University of Stavanger , Stavanger, Norway
| | - Alisha McGregor
- a School of Psychology, University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia
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Grandner MA. The Cost of Sleep Lost: Implications for Health, Performance, and the Bottom Line. Am J Health Promot 2018; 32:1629-1634. [PMID: 30099900 PMCID: PMC6530553 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118790621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Schiller H, Söderström M, Lekander M, Rajaleid K, Kecklund G. A randomized controlled intervention of workplace-based group cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 91:413-424. [PMID: 29387936 PMCID: PMC5908834 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep disturbance is common in the working population, often associated with work stress, health complaints and impaired work performance. This study evaluated a group intervention at work, based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia, and the moderating effects of burnout scores at baseline. METHODS This is a randomized controlled intervention with a waiting list control group. Participants were employees working at least 75% of full time, reporting self-perceived regular sleep problems. Data were collected at baseline, post-intervention and at a 3-month follow-up through diaries, wrist-actigraphy and questionnaires including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ). Fifty-one participants (63% women) completed data collections. RESULTS A multilevel mixed model showed no significant differences between groups for sleep over time, while there was a significant effect on insomnia symptoms when excluding participants working shifts (N = 11) from the analysis (p = 0.044). Moreover, a moderating effect of baseline-levels of burnout scores was observed on insomnia symptoms (p = 0.009). A post-hoc analysis showed that individuals in the intervention group with low burnout scores at baseline (SMBQ < 3.75) displayed significantly reduced ISI scores at follow-up, compared to individuals with high burnout scores at baseline (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Group CBT for insomnia given at the workplace did not reduce sleep problems looking at the group as a whole, while it was indicated that the intervention reduced insomnia in employees with regular daytime work. The results also suggest that workplace-based group CBT may improve sleep in employees with primary insomnia if not concomitant with high burnout scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Schiller
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marie Söderström
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- KBT-Centralen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lekander
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Rajaleid
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Kecklund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sleep and Productivity Benefits of Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted in the Workplace Environment. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 58:683-9. [PMID: 27257747 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluating digital cognitive behavioral therapy (dCBT) for insomnia in a workplace environment. METHODS Within a randomized controlled trial in a Fortune 500 company, we randomized 270 self-identified poor sleepers [180 M/90 F: mean age 33.6 years (23 to 56 years)] to dCBT (n = 135) or waiting list (WL, n = 135). dCBT comprised six online sessions delivered by an animated therapist. Major assessments were at baseline and posttreatment. RESULTS Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI) scores were significantly higher for the dCBT group [interaction term: F (1,485) = 15.63, P < 0.0001], representing Cohen's d of 1.10 following dCBT (d = 0.34 for WL). On the Work Productivity and Impairment questionnaire, "presenteeism" demonstrated significant improvements following dCBT [F(1,485) = 10.99, P = 0.001: d = 0.64 for dCBT, d = 0.09 for WL]. Effects for "abseenteeism" failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.101). CONCLUSIONS dCBT is effective in improving sleep and work-based productivity in adults with insomnia.
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Matthews E, Carter P, Page M, Dean G, Berger A. Sleep-Wake Disturbance: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Interventions for Management in Patients With Cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2018; 22:37-52. [DOI: 10.1188/18.cjon.37-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nagaya T, Hibino M, Kondo Y. Long working hours directly and indirectly (via short sleep duration) induce headache even in healthy white-collar men: cross-sectional and 1-year follow-up analyses. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 91:67-75. [PMID: 28929224 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Headache in employees may be linked with both overwork and sleep restriction induced by long working hours. Inter-relationships among working hours, sleep duration and headache were investigated. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses for prevalent headache (n = 35,908) and 1-year follow-up analyses for incident headache (n = 19,788) were conducted in apparently healthy white-collar men aged 25-59 years. Headache (yes/no), working hours and sleep duration were based on self-administered questionnaire. After determination of relationships between working hours and sleep duration, logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval for prevalent and incident headache according to working hours (35-44, 45-49, 50-59 and ≥60 h/week) and sleep duration (≥7, 6-6.9, 5-5.9 and <5 h/day), and tested linear trends in OR. Additionally, interactive effects of working hours and sleep duration on OR were checked. Covariates in the analyses were age, body mass index, drinking, smoking and exercise. RESULTS Prevalent and incident headache was found in 1979 (5.5%) men and 707 (3.6%) men, respectively. Working hours were inversely associated with sleep duration. OR for prevalent and incident headache rose with increasing working hours and with reducing sleep duration, regardless of influences of the covariates. Working hours and sleep duration had no interactive effects on OR for prevalent or incident headache. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that long working hours directly and indirectly (via short sleep duration) induce headache even in apparently healthy white-collar men. Headache in employees may be useful for early detection of adverse health effects by long working hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Nagaya
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Minoru Hibino
- Kokusai Central Clinic, 1-47-1 Nagono, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, 450-0001, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kondo
- Kokusai Central Clinic, 1-47-1 Nagono, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, 450-0001, Japan
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Grandner MA. Sleep and obesity risk in adults: possible mechanisms; contextual factors; and implications for research, intervention, and policy. Sleep Health 2017; 3:393-400. [PMID: 28923200 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem among US adults. Insufficient sleep and sleep disorders are prevalent and may contribute to the public health problem of obesity. This review addresses several key questions regarding sleep and obesity in adults, including the following: (1) What constitutes adequate sleep in adults? (2) What are the consequences of inadequate sleep in adults? (3) What factors influence sleep in adults? (4) How can adults improve their sleep? (5) How can we implement these in adults? (6) How can these issues be addressed in future research and policy decisions? Although a comprehensive review of all of these is beyond the scope of this article, this review brings these concepts together toward a discussion of the role of sleep in the health of US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave, PO Box 245002, Tucson, AZ 85724-5002.
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Okajima I, Chen J. The effect of insomnia on changes in anxiety, depression, and social function after a transdiagnostic treatment targeting excessive worry. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-017-0102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Danker-Hopfe H, Kowalski J, Stein M, Röttger S, Sauter C. Development, implementation, and evaluation of a sleep coaching program for the German armed forces. SOMNOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11818-017-0109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Törnroos M, Hakulinen C, Hintsanen M, Puttonen S, Hintsa T, Pulkki-Råback L, Jokela M, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Reciprocal relationships between psychosocial work characteristics and sleep problems: A two-wave study. WORK AND STRESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2017.1297968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Biological needs for sleep are met by engaging in behaviors that are largely influenced by the environment, social norms and demands, and societal influences and pressures. Insufficient sleep duration and sleep disorders such as insomnia and sleep apnea are highly prevalent in the US population. This article outlines some of these downstream factors, including cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk, neurocognitive dysfunction, and mortality, as well as societal factors such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomics. This review also discusses societal factors related to sleep, such as globalization, health disparities, public policy, public safety, and changing patterns of use of technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245002, BUMC Suite 7326, Tucson, AZ 85724-5002, USA.
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