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Cai H, Schnapp WI, Mann S, Miscevic M, Shcmit MB, Conteras M, Fang C. Neural circuits regulation of satiation. Appetite 2024; 200:107512. [PMID: 38801994 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Terminating a meal after achieving satiation is a critical step in maintaining a healthy energy balance. Despite the extensive collection of information over the last few decades regarding the neural mechanisms controlling overall eating, the mechanism underlying different temporal phases of eating behaviors, especially satiation, remains incompletely understood and is typically embedded in studies that measure the total amount of food intake. In this review, we summarize the neural circuits that detect and integrate satiation signals to suppress appetite, from interoceptive sensory inputs to the final motor outputs. Due to the well-established role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in regulating the satiation, we focus on the neural circuits that are involved in regulating the satiation effect caused by CCK. We also discuss several general principles of how these neural circuits control satiation, as well as the limitations of our current understanding of the circuits function. With the application of new techniques involving sophisticated cell-type-specific manipulation and mapping, as well as real-time recordings, it is now possible to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms specifically underlying satiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Bio 5 Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Wesley I Schnapp
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Shivani Mann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Masa Miscevic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Matthew B Shcmit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Marco Conteras
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Caohui Fang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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Sonestedt E, Lukic M. Beverages - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10458. [PMID: 38571923 PMCID: PMC10989231 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Coffee, tea, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and low- and no-calorie sweetened beverages (LNCSBs) are generally frequently consumed in the Nordic and Baltic countries. These beverages have also been related to potential health effects. This scoping review describes the evidence for the role of coffee, tea, SSBs, and LNCSBs for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines. We used evidence from several qualified systematic reviews (i.e. World Cancer Research Fund, US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, European Food Safety Authority, and World Health Organization) and performed a search for additional systematic reviews. The evidence suggests that moderate coffee and tea consumption do not have long-term adverse health effects. The long-term favorable effects of coffee consumption are related to reduced risk of endometrial and liver cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular deaths. However, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that coffee brews that are rich in diterpenes, such as boiled coffee, increase serum cholesterol concentrations. High caffeine intake in pregnancy is associated with higher risk of pregnancy loss, preterm birth, and low birth weight. High consumption of SSBs has been associated with increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, based on data from RCTs and prospective cohort studies. The consumption of LNCSBs may result in a small reduction in body weight in adults, likely mediated through the effect of reduced energy intake, but has neutral effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers using evidence from RCTs. However, evidence from observational studies indicates increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases among high LNCSB consumers. In conclusion, current evidence suggests that moderate coffee and tea consumption have no long-term adverse health effects. The evidence of beneficial effects of coffee consumption on liver and endometrial cancer risk, and some cardiovascular outcomes, comes from observational studies. High consumption of boiled coffee should be avoided due to negative effect on lipid profile. Pregnant women should not exceed the recommended daily dose of caffeine intake of 200 mg set by the European Food Safety Authority as a safe level for the fetus. High consumption of SSBs has consistently been associated with adverse health effects, which is mainly due to excess energy intake, and should be limited. The conflicting results from RCTs and observational studies regarding LNCSBs may be due to revere causation and should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marko Lukic
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Mohebati S, Shakeri M, Ranjbar S, Jalali M, Nouri M, Faghih S. The association of dietary carbohydrate quality and quantity with obesity among Iranian adolescents: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:176. [PMID: 38461264 PMCID: PMC10924309 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent obesity is considered as a major health concern worldwide which is closely linked to the quality of diet. The purpose of the present study was to assess the carbohydrate quality and quantity in relation to odds of overweight and obesity in adolescents. METHODS This case-control study with a 1:1 ratio was conducted on 406 adolescents (14 to 18 years old) matched for age and gender. Participants were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method from March to October 2019 in Shiraz, Iran. Dietary intakes of the study population were assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Also anthropometric indices were measured using standard methods and demographic information was recorded via face to face interview. The relation between low carbohydrate diet score (LCDS) and carbohydrate quality index (CQI), and odds of obesity was evaluated by multiple Logistic regression. RESULTS After adjusting the role of potential confounders, the participants in the third tertiles of LCDS (OR = 0.443, 95% CI = (0.260 to 0.755)) and CQI (OR = 0.005, 95% CI = (0.001 to 0.025)) had less odds of being overweight and obese compared to the first tertile. CONCLUSION The present study found an inverse relationship between dietary quantity and quality of carbohydrate intake and the odds of overweight and obesity in a sample of Iranian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Mohebati
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Shakeri
- Endoocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Ranjbar
- Department of Nutritional sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Peñalvo JL. The impact of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages on diabetes: a critical review. Diabetologia 2024; 67:420-429. [PMID: 38177563 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The global burden of type 2 diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate, fuelled by the obesity epidemic, with significant associated health and economic consequences and apparent inequalities. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of added sugars in diets worldwide and have been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes through a variety of mechanisms, including excess weight. Taxing SSBs has become a promising public health strategy to reduce consumption and mitigate the burden of type 2 diabetes. A substantial body of evidence suggests that SSB taxes lead to increased prices and subsequent reduced consumption, with a potentially greater effect among lower socioeconomic groups. This highlights the potential for tax policies to have an impact on type 2 diabetes and address health inequalities. Evidence from several ongoing SSB tax schemes, including sales and excise taxes, indicates positive effects on improving consumption patterns, and modelling studies point to health gains by averting type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases. In contrast, evidence from empirical evaluation of the impact of SSB tax is scarce. Continued monitoring and the strengthening of evaluation research to develop context-tailored policies are required. In addition, there is a need to implement complementary efforts to amplify the impact of SSB taxation and effectively address the global burden of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Peñalvo
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Tobiassen PAS, Køster-Rasmussen R. Substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages with non-caloric alternatives and weight change: A systematic review of randomized trials and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13652. [PMID: 37880814 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages has been associated with weight gain. It is uncertain if replacing an existing use of sugar-sweetened beverages with non-caloric beverages results in long-term reduction in body weight. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to explore if a long-term reduction in body weight can be achieved by replacing an existing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages with non-caloric beverages. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for literature. Studies with a "substitution" design were included, that is, studies where subjects substituted an existing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages with either artificially sweetened beverages or unsweetened beverages/water. Studies with 6 months or longer follow-up of weight change were included. RESULTS Six trials with a total of 1729 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Replacing an existing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages with a non-caloric beverage resulted in a long-term BMI reduction of 0.31 kg/m2 compared with the sugar-sweetened beverage-group (95% CI; 0.17-0.44). One study with 1 year's intervention and 2 years follow-up showed a regression towards baseline BMI after the intervention had ended. CONCLUSION Replacing an existing use of sugar-sweetened beverages with artificially sweetened beverages or unsweetened beverages resulted in a long-term 0.31 kg/m2 reduction in BMI equivalent to 0.5-1 kg in children and adults, respectively, as long as the interventions lasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A-S Tobiassen
- Centre for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Køster-Rasmussen
- Centre for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Muñoz-Cabrejas A, Laclaustra M, Guallar-Castillón P, Casasnovas JA, Marco-Benedí V, Calvo-Galiano N, Moreno-Franco B. Low-Quality Carbohydrate Intake Is Associated With a Higher Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome: The AWHS Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023:dgad706. [PMID: 38141071 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The relationship between carbohydrate quality intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is of growing interest. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the association between the adherence to a dietary carbohydrate quality index (CQI) with the occurrence of MetS in a Spanish cohort of working adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted of 2316 middle-aged men, aged 50.9 (SD 3.9) years, with no previous cardiovascular disease, and pertaining to the Aragon Workers' Health Study (AWHS) cohort. Diet was collected with a 136-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The CQI (range 4-15) was based on: dietary fiber intake, a low glycemic index, the ratio of whole grains/total grains, and the ratio of solid carbohydrates/total carbohydrates. The higher the CQI, the healthier the diet. MetS was defined by using the harmonized National Cholesterol Education Programme-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) definition. The associations across 3-point categories of the CQI and the presence of MetS were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS An inverse and significant association between the CQI and MetS was found. Fully adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for MetS risk among participants in the 10- to 12-point category (second highest CQI category) was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.45-0.94), and in the 13- to 15-point category (highest category) was 0.52 (95% CI, 0.30-0.88), when compared with the 4- to 6-point category (lowest category). Participants with 10 to 12 and 13 to 15 points on the CQI showed a lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia: OR 0.61 (95% CI, 0.46-0.81), and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.32-0.71) respectively. CONCLUSION Among middle-aged men, a higher adherence to a high-quality carbohydrate diet is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS. Triglyceridemia is the MetS component that contributed the most to this reduced risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Muñoz-Cabrejas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martin Laclaustra
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERCV (CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Guallar-Castillón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casasnovas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERCV (CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Marco-Benedí
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERCV (CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Naiara Calvo-Galiano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Belén Moreno-Franco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERCV (CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Yi J, Song G, Lin Z, Peng Y, Wu J. Validity and Reproducibility of Food Group-Based Food Frequency Questionnaires in Assessing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Habits among Chinese Middle-School Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:3928. [PMID: 37764712 PMCID: PMC10537416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is crucial for reducing obesity; however, a simple but relatively accurate method for determining added sugar consumption among school adolescents is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a food group-based food frequency questionnaire (FG-FFQ) for SSBs in assessing SSB consumption and added sugar among middle-school students. A total of 242 school students completed the FG-FFQs twice and four discontinuous 24-h dietary records (24HDR) over a three-month period. A weighted average approach was used to obtain the average sugar content in the sugary drink food group (FG). Correlation coefficient, weighted kappa statistic, misclassification analysis, and Bland-Altman plot were used to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of the FG-FFQ. Linear regression was utilized to obtain the calibration formulas. The average content of added sugar in sugary drink FG was 8.1 g/100 mL. SSB consumption frequency, consumption amount, and added sugar had correlation coefficients of 0.81, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively, in the validity analysis (p < 0.05). The majority of scatter plots were covered by 95% confidence intervals in the Bland-Altman bias analysis. The intra-class correlation coefficient of SSB consumption frequency and Spearman correlation coefficient of SSB consumption amount and added sugar were 0.74, 0.81, and 0.90, respectively, in the reproducibility analysis (p < 0.05). Results produced by the FG-FFQ calibration formula were more comparable to 24HDR. The FG-FFQ for SSB consumption showed acceptable validity and reproducibility, making it a viable instrument for epidemiological studies on sugary drinks in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Yi
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (J.Y.); (G.S.)
| | - Guoye Song
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (J.Y.); (G.S.)
| | - Zhenghao Lin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Z.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yuting Peng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Z.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Z.L.); (Y.P.)
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Nouri M, Shateri Z, Rezaei M, Zangene A, Homayounfar R, Keshani P. Healthy beverage index could decrease odds of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4562-4571. [PMID: 37576062 PMCID: PMC10420765 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some studies indicated that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) were related to MetS risk, and others found no relationship between MetS and SSBs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between healthy beverage index (HBI) and MetS in Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was performed on baseline data FASA cohort. Out of 10,127 participants in the FASA cohort study, 8838 participants were included in this study. The National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III was used for MetS definition. The HBI was calculated by a 125-item food frequency questionnaire with standard criteria. The association between HBI and MetS and its components was evaluated by univariate regression. Multivariate regression with the backward method was used for adjusting confounders. p < .05 was considered as statistically significant. Compared to the first quartile, it was observed that HBI in the last quartile was significantly related to lower odds of MetS in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-0.87, p < .001). Also, we observed a significant association between the last quartile of HBI with lower odds of high waist circumference (WC) (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.45-0.67, p < .002). Our findings showed that the higher HBI score reduced MetS odds and WC. Therefore, to reduce the odds of MetS, a healthy pattern of beverage consumption, including drinking water, low-fat milk, unsweetened tea, and coffee, and reducing the consumption of SSB are recommended. More studies are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Student Research CommitteeShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Student Research CommitteeAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Mahshid Rezaei
- Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad University of TehranTehranIran
| | - Ali Zangene
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterFasa University of Medical SciencesFasaIran
| | - Parisa Keshani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Zacharodimos N, Athanasaki C, Vitsou-Anastasiou S, Papadopoulou OS, Moniaki N, Doulgeraki AI, Nychas GJE, Tassou CC, Papakonstantinou E. Short-Term Effects of Fruit Juice Enriched with Vitamin D3, n-3 PUFA, and Probiotics on Glycemic Responses: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Healthy Adults. Metabolites 2023; 13:791. [PMID: 37512498 PMCID: PMC10385322 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the glycemic index (GI) of a commercial mixed fruit juice (apple, orange, grape, and pomegranate; FJ) fortified with vitamin D3 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or probiotics, and their combination, and their effects on glycemic responses and salivary insulin concentrations. In a randomized controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 11 healthy participants (25 ± 2 years; five women; body mass index = 23 ± 1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive five types of FJs [vitD (with vitamin D3); n-3 (with n-3 PUFA); probiotics (with Lacticaseibacillus casei Shirota and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG); vitD-n-3-probiotics FJ (combination of vitD3-n-3-probiotics), control (regular FJ)], all containing 50 g available carbohydrate, and glucose as reference drink. All FJs provided low GI values (control: 54; vitD3: 52; n-3: 51; probiotics: 50; and vitD-n-3-probiotics combination: 52, on glucose scale). Compared to the FJ control, the enriched FJs produced different postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses and affected satiety scores. All FJ types, regardless of the added biofunctional ingredients, attenuated postprandial glycemic responses, which may offer advantages to glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Zacharodimos
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Athanasaki
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatia Vitsou-Anastasiou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Attiki, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Olga S Papadopoulou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Attiki, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Natalia Moniaki
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Agapi I Doulgeraki
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Attiki, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - George-John E Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysoula C Tassou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Attiki, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Emilia Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Viana Dias JP, Pimenta AM, de Souza Costa Sobrinho P, Miranda Hermsdorff HH, Bressan J, Nobre LN. Consumption of sweetened beverages is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Brazilian adults (CUME project). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:789-796. [PMID: 36849319 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To evaluate the association between the energy consumption of sweetened beverages (SBs) adjusted for daily energy intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective study with 2480 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-free Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME) participants at baseline and 2-4 years of follow-up. A longitudinal analysis was performed with generalized equation estimation to verify the effect of SB consumption, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, on the incidence of T2DM. The incidence of T2DM was 2.78%. The median calorie intake of daily SB consumption adjusted for energy was 47.7 kcal/day. Participants with the highest consumption of SBs (≥47.7 kcal/day) were 63% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63; p value-0.049) more likely to acquire T2DM over time compared to the lowest consumption (<47.7 kcal/day). CONCLUSIONS Higher energy consumption from SBs favored a higher incidence of T2DM among CUME participants. The results reinforce the need for marketing restrictions on these foods and taxation to reduce the consumption of these beverages to prevent T2DM and other chronic noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Viana Dias
- Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucur, Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Nutritioni, Diamantina, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Neri Nobre
- Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Program in Sciences of Nutrition, Diamantina, Brazil.
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Lescano MAL, Santana LC, Gonçalves AFDA, Machado RS, Rohr MR, Miszputen SJ. A NORMOCALORIC, LOW-FIBER DIET FOR COLONOSCOPY PREPARATION IS MORE ACCEPTABLE AND NON-INFERIOR TO A LIQUID, LOW-CALORIE DIET: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2023; 60:264-270. [PMID: 37556753 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202302023-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
•This is the first study in Brazil about diets to prepare for colonoscopy. •The normocaloric diet was not inferior to the liquid diet regarding the quality of the colonoscopy preparation. •Both diets were well tolerated, but the normocaloric diet was more accepted than the liquid diet. Background - Several publications have shown greater acceptance of less restrictive diets for colonoscopy preparation, without impairing the quality of the preparation, when compared to the clear liquid diet. Objective - To evaluate the quality, tolerance and preference regarding the colonoscopy preparation of a low-fiber, normocaloric diet compared with a hypocaloric liquid diet. Methods - This is a randomized, controlled, observer-blind study to compare two low-fiber colonoscopy preparation diets (hypocaloric liquid diet vs. normocaloric diet). The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale was used to evaluate the qua-lity of the preparations, being considered adequate BBPS ≥6 in the global assessment and ≥2 in each segment. The same laxative was used in both groups as well as the "split-dose" regimen. Results - A total of 136 individuals were enrolled in each group. Adequate preparation was achieved in 90.4% of the individuals allocated to the liquid diet group and 92.6% to the normocaloric group. There was no significant difference in the quality of preparation and tolerance between groups. A higher patient acceptance to repeat the procedure if necessary was observed in the normocaloric diet group compared with the liquid diet group (P=0.005). Conclusion - The normocaloric diet has shown to be not inferior to the liquid diet regarding the quality of the colonoscopy preparation. Patient tolerance rates were similar between both diets, but a higher accep-tance rate was observed with the normocaloric diet as compared with the liquid diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Antonio Lescano Lescano
- Hospital Geral de Vitoria da Conquista, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Rachel Rohr
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and the Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020430. [PMID: 36678301 PMCID: PMC9912256 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The increasing occurrence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is largely related to harmful food habits. Among them, the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is noteworthy. However, to our knowledge, there are not enough high-quality methodological studies summarizing the association between the intake of SSBs and the MetS. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the existing published results on this association among adults by synthesizing the existing evidence. (2) Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies following the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant information was extracted and presented following the PRISMA recommendations. PubMed and SCOPUS databases were searched for studies published until June 2022 that assessed the association between SSB consumption (including soft drinks, bottled fruit juices, energy drinks, and milkshakes) and the occurrence of MetS. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% coefficient interval, and I2 was used to assess heterogeneity. (3) Results: A total of 14 publications from 6 different countries were included in this meta-analysis (9 cross-sectional and 5 cohort studies). For the cross-sectional studies, which included 62,693 adults, the pooled OR for the risk of MetS was 1.35 (95% CI 1.15, 1.58; I2 57%) when the highest versus the lowest categories of SSB consumption were compared. For the cohort studies, which included 28,932 adults, the pooled OR was 1.18 (95% CI 1.06, 1.32; I2 70%). (4) Conclusions: The consumption of SSBs was positively associated with an increased risk of MetS. The published literature supports public health strategies and the need to reduce the consumption of SSBs to prevent MetS.
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Flynn J. Do sugar-sweetened beverage taxes improve public health for high school aged adolescents? HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023; 32:47-64. [PMID: 36180999 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage taxes have become an increasingly popular policy to combat the worldwide obesity epidemic, but relatively little is known about their impact on health outcomes, particularly among high school aged students. In this paper, I use public-use data from the Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System to determine whether high school students living in three of the American cities which have implemented Sugar-sweetened beverage taxes have experienced public health improvements. Using an event-study design that compares outcomes in treated districts to a group of similar control districts, I find reductions in soda consumption in Philadelphia and average body mass index in Philadelphia, San Francisco and Oakland, with suggestive evidence that the improvements are concentrated among female and non-white respondents in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Flynn
- Economics Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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14
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Reduced Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Is Associated with Lower Body Mass Index Z-Score Gain among Chinese Schoolchildren. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194088. [PMID: 36235739 PMCID: PMC9571809 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine whether reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with reduced body mass index z-score gain among Chinese schoolchildren in Nanjing, China, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in four selected primary schools from September 2019 to September 2020. Students in the third grade in the Intervention Group received school-based and home-based interventions for two consecutive semesters to reduce SSB consumption, while two schools in the Control Group did not receive any interventions. Weight changes were expressed as body mass index (BMI) z-scores as standard deviations of the BMI distribution per age and sex group. Changes in SSB consumption before and after the interventions were categorized into Level-Up if it increased, Level-Same if it was maintained and Level-Down if it decreased. Multivariable linear regression models were used to explore the association of different levels of changes in SSB consumption pre- and post-intervention with the BMI z-score. Among 1633 participants who completed the trial, the mean age at baseline was 9.36 years (±0.48 SD).The median baseline BMI z-score was −0.24 (25th percentile −0.72; 75th percentile 0.58). After the intervention, the median BMI z-score increased by 0.06 (−0.17~0.37) in the Intervention Group and by 0.14 (−0.08~0.41) in the Control Group (p < 0.001). A higher increase in BMI was found in the Control Group than in the Intervention Group (1.20 vs. 0.94) during the 12-month period. Among participants whose parents’ educational attainment was above 9 years, the median BMI z-score increased by 0.07 (−0.17~0.37) in the Intervention Group and by 0.16 (−0.06~0.41) in the Control Group (p < 0.001). In a linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders, the BMI z-score decreased by 0.057 more in Level-Down than in Level-Up (95% CI: −0.103 to −0.012, p = 0.014). These results indicate that the decreased consumption of SSBs might have reduced the prevalence of overweight in schoolchildren in China, especially in students whose parents had high educational levels.
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Zhang S, Li H, Meng G, Zhang Q, Liu L, Wu H, Gu Y, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhang J, Dong J, Zheng X, Cao Z, Zhang X, Dong X, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Borné Y, Sonestedt E, Qi L, Niu K. Added sugar intake and its forms and sources in relation to risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: results from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health cohort study. Br J Nutr 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36156191 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452200277x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that added sugar intake is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, previous studies only focused on sugar-sweetened beverages; the evidence for associations with total added sugars and their sources is scarce. This study aimed to examine the associations of total added sugars, their physical forms (liquid v. solid) and food sources with risk of NAFLD among adults in Tianjin, China. We used data from 15 538 participants, free of NAFLD, other liver diseases, CVD, cancer or diabetes at baseline (2013-2018 years). Added sugar intake was estimated from a validated 100-item FFQ. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography after exclusion of other causes of liver diseases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95 % CI for NAFLD risk with added sugar intake. During a median follow-up of 4·2 years, 3476 incident NAFLD cases were documented. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI and its change from baseline to follow-up, lifestyle factors, personal and family medical history and overall diet quality, the multivariable HR of NAFLD risk were 1·18 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·32) for total added sugars, 1·20 (95 % CI 1·08, 1·33) for liquid added sugars and 0·96 (95 % CI 0·86, 1·07) for solid added sugars when comparing the highest quartiles of intake with the lowest quartiles of intake. In this prospective cohort of Chinese adults, higher intakes of total added sugars and liquid added sugars, but not solid added sugars, were associated with a higher risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunming Zhang
- Nutrition and Radiation Epidemiology Research Center, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Huiping Li
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Nutrition and Radiation Epidemiology Research Center, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Dong
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Zheng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixia Cao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Dong
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yan Borné
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutrition and Radiation Epidemiology Research Center, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Khosravinia D, Shiraseb F, Mirzababaei A, Daneshzad E, Jamili S, Clark CCT, Mirzaei K. The association of Carbohydrate Quality Index with cardiovascular disease risk factors among women with overweight and obesity: A cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987190. [PMID: 36159469 PMCID: PMC9493440 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diet is one of the most important factors influencing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The negative relationship between carbohydrate intake with lipid profiles and body weight has been previously investigated. However, this is the first study seeking to assess the association of carbohydrate quality index (CQI) with CVD risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 291 Iranian overweight and obese women, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging between 25 and 40 kg/m2, and aged 18–48 years. CQI scores were calculated by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Biochemical and anthropometric measures were assessed using standard methods, and bioelectrical impedance was used to measure body composition. Results We observed that fruits (P < 0.001), vegetables (P < 0.001), and protein (P = 0.002) intake were higher in participants with a higher score of the CQI. When we adjusted for potential confounders, we observed that the CQI was negatively related to systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = −6.10; 95% CI = −10.11, −2.10; P = 0.003) and DBP (β = −3.11; 95% CI = −6.15, −0.08; P = 0.04). Also, greater adherence to a high CQI dietary pattern, compared to the reference group, was negatively related to HOMA-IR (β = −0.53; 95% CI = −0.94, −0.12) (P for trend = 0.01), WC (β = −3.18; 95% CI = −6.26, −0.10) (P for trend = 0.04), BMI (β = −1.21; 95% CI = −2.50, 0.07) (P for trend = 0.06), and BF (β = −2.06; 95% CI = −3.82, −0.30) (P for trend = 0.02). Conclusion In line with previous studies, the CQI was inversely associated with blood pressure, WC, BMI, and BF. Further prospective and clinical trial studies are suggested to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Khosravinia
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Atieh Mirzababaei
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahin Jamili
- Department of Surgery, Shahid Beheshti, Fellowship of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Khadijeh Mirzaei
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Association between Food Sources of Free Sugars and Weight Status among Children and Adolescents in Japan: The 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173659. [PMID: 36079916 PMCID: PMC9460394 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between food sources of free sugars and weight status among children and adolescents aged 2–19 years in Japan (1438 males and 1340 females) from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. We estimated the percentage of energy intake (% E) from free sugars from total food sources (FStotal), solid foods (FSsolids), and beverages (FSliquids), using one-day weighed dietary record data. Weight status was determined based on body mass index (BMI) z-scores and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The mean energy intakes of FStotal, FSsolids, and FSliquids were 5.8%, 4.1%, and 1.8% in males and 6.2%, 4.6%, and 1.6% in females, respectively. After controlling for potential confounding factors, including energy intake, there was no association of free sugars intake from all food sources with BMI z-scores or with the prevalence of overweight and obesity, except for a marginal association between higher FSsolids and lower estimated BMI z-scores in females (p = 0.05). The present findings indicate that among children and adolescents in Japan, who have a relatively low mean intake of free sugars, consuming free sugars from any food source is unlikely to have an adverse effect on weight status.
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Change in craving and frequency of consuming palatable foods for non-homeostatic motives after a gut-cued eating intervention. Eat Behav 2022; 46:101656. [PMID: 35944376 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known regarding consumption of palatable foods (PFs) for non-homeostatic reasons after weight-loss interventions and if baseline or change in frequency of this kind of eating can predict weight-loss outcomes. Little is also known of the relationship between PF eating for non-homeostatic motives and PF craving. Addressing these gaps is important because cravings and habitual consumption of PFs in the absence of homeostatic need contribute to obesity. METHODS N = 30 adults with a mean 34.8 BMI completed a seven-response choice version of the PEMS (PEMS-7) before and after Gut-Cued Eating (GCE), an intervention that did not ban PFs but instructed them to eat only when stomach-hungry and stop eating before feeling too full. Photos of PFs were also rated pre- and post-GCE. RESULTS Frequency of eating PFs for social, reward enhancement, and coping, but not conformity motives, decreased after GCE. The decreases predicted amount of weight loss independent of initial weight and demographics. PF craving also decreased and, while correlated with decreasing PF intake, it did not predict weight loss. DISCUSSION The study is preliminary because GCE was uncontrolled. However, results warrant a controlled investigation. That craving and frequency of consuming PFs for non-homeostatic motives declined with an intervention that did not ban PFs suggests a method that may voluntarily decrease one's intake of PFs. This should facilitate weight-loss and healthy-weight maintenance. Finally, decreased eating for non-homeostatic motives suggests that individuals were no longer using PFs to cope, socialize, and enhance reward, a change with benefits beyond weight loss.
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Haeck C, Lawson N, Poirier K. Estimating consumer preferences for different beverages using the BLP approach. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 46:101138. [PMID: 35453077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The overconsumption of sugar is a significant problem in many jurisdictions, and one possible method to remedy this problem is the taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). To be able to implement an optimal tax, it is important to know the preferences and price sensitivity of consumers. This article therefore estimates the price elasticity of demand for different beverages in Quebec, using the Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes (BLP) random parameter logistic demand model, combined with Nielsen data from 2010 to 2016 and the 2016 Canadian Census. The results suggest that the average consumer prefers high-calorie beverages containing fruits and vegetables, and the estimated price elasticities are between -4.40 (energy drinks) and -1.59 (regular soft drinks). As a result, consumers of energy drinks appear to reduce their consumption the most in the face of rising prices, whereas consumers of soft drinks will decrease their consumption the least. However, at a general level, the implementation of a tax on SSBs in Quebec should generate a significant reduction in consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Haeck
- Département de sciences économiques, Université du Québec á Montréal, 315 Rue Sainte-Catherine E, Montréal H2X 3X2, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicholas Lawson
- Département de sciences économiques, Université du Québec á Montréal, 315 Rue Sainte-Catherine E, Montréal H2X 3X2, Québec, Canada.
| | - Krystel Poirier
- Département de sciences économiques, Université du Québec á Montréal, 315 Rue Sainte-Catherine E, Montréal H2X 3X2, Québec, Canada
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Soft drink and non-caloric soft drink intake and their association with blood pressure: the Health Workers Cohort Study. Nutr J 2022; 21:37. [PMID: 35668525 PMCID: PMC9171938 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A few prospective studies have investigated the potential association of soft drink and non-caloric soft drink intake with high blood pressure using methods that adequately consider changes in intake over time and hypertensive status at baseline. Objective To prospectively examine the association of soft drink and non-caloric soft drink intake with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a sample of Mexican adults, overall and by hypertension status. Methods We used data from the Health Workers Cohort Study spanning from 2004 to 2018 (n = 1,324 adults). Soft drink and non-caloric soft drink intake were assessed with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. We fit multivariable-adjusted fixed-effects models to test the association of soft drink and non-caloric soft drink intake with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and considering the potential modifying effect of hypertension status at baseline. Results A one-serving increase in soft drink intake was associated with a 2.08 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.21, 3.94) increase in systolic blood pressure and 2.09 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.81, 3.36) increase in diastolic blood pressure over ten years. A stronger association between soft drink intake and diastolic pressure was observed among participants with versus without hypertension at baseline. We found no association between non-caloric soft drink intake and blood pressure. Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that soft drink intake increases blood pressure. While further studies should be conducted to confirm our findings, food policies and recommendations to limit soft drink intake are likely to help reduce blood pressure at the population level. We probably did not find an association between non-caloric soft drink intake and blood pressure because of the low consumption of this type of beverage in the cohort. More studies will be needed to understand the potential effect of non-caloric beverages on blood pressure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-022-00792-y.
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Fernández-González E, Martínez-González MÁ, Bes-Rastrollo M, Suescun-Elizalde D, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Santiago S, Gea A. Association between pre-conceptional carbohydrate quality index and the incidence of gestational diabetes: the SUN cohort study. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-11. [PMID: 35591757 PMCID: PMC9899572 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452200157x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the association between pre-gestational carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Data from the 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra' (SUN) cohort were used, which includes 3827 women who notified at least one pregnancy between December 1999 and December 2019. We used a validated semi-quantitative 136-item FFQ to evaluate dietary exposures at baseline and at 10-year follow-up. The CQI was defined by four criteria: glycaemic index, whole-grain/total-grain carbohydrate, dietary fibre intake and solid/total carbohydrate ratio. We fitted generalised estimating equations with repeated measurements of the CQI to assess its relationship with incident GDM. A total of 6869 pregnancies and 202 new cases of incident GDM were identified. The inverse association between the global quality of carbohydrate and the development of GDM was not statistically significant: OR the highest v. the lowest CQI category: 0·67, 95 % CI (0·40, 1·10), Pfor trend = 0·10. Participants at the highest CQI category and with daily carbohydrate amounts ≥50 % of total energy intake had the lowest incidence of GDM (OR = 0·29 (95 % CI (0·09, 0·89)) compared with those with the lowest quality (lowest CQI) and quantity (≤40 %). Further studies are needed to overcome the limitations of our study. Those studies should jointly consider the quality and the quantity of dietary carbohydrates, as the quality might be of importance, especially in women with a higher intake of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández-González
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid
| | - Miguel Á. Martínez-González
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, USA
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Suescun-Elizalde
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortari
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Santiago
- University of Navarra, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gea
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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A Prospective Study of Fruit Juice Consumption and the Risk of Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102127. [PMID: 35631268 PMCID: PMC9144949 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little evidence for the association between fruit juice, especially 100% fruit juice, and mortality risk. In addition, whether 100% fruit juice can be a healthy alternative to whole fruit remains uncertain. This prospective study utilized the data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2014. After a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 4904 deaths among 40,074 participants aged 18 years or older were documented. Compared to non-consumption, daily consumption of 250 g or more of 100% fruit juice was associated with higher overall mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.52) and mortality from heart disease (HR = 1.49, 95 CI: 1.01–2.21). A similar pattern was observed for total fruit juice, with HRs of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.09–1.49) for overall mortality and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.01–2.17) for heart disease mortality. Replacing 5% of energy from whole fruit with 100% or total fruit juice was associated with a 9% (95% CI: 2–16%) and 8% (95% CI: 1–15%) increased mortality risk, respectively. Our findings suggest that both total and 100% fruit juice could be associated with high mortality risk, and need to be validated in well-designed studies given the potential misclassification of diet and death reasons.
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Arroyo-Quiroz C, Brunauer R, Alavez S. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Cancer Risk: A Narrative Review. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3077-3095. [PMID: 35486421 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2069827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be a major public health challenge worldwide, not only for being one of the leading causes of death but also because the number of incident cases is projected to grow in the next decades. Meanwhile, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption has risen since the past century and constitutes a considerable fraction of added sugars in daily diet. Several studies have analyzed the relationship between SSB intake and health and found substantial evidence for effects on obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, there is little knowledge about the relationship of SSB with cancer risk. It may be speculated that there is an indirect relationship between SSB and cancer through obesity and metabolic syndrome, but obesity-independent associations through hormonal imbalances or chronic inflammation could also exist. In this review, we describe the epidemiological evidence of the association of SSB and the risk of cancer in adults. Although the epidemiological evidence linking SSB consumption and cancer risk is still limited, prospective studies suggest that high SSB intake may increase the risk of obesity-related cancers, breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Arroyo-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Lerma de Villada, Mexico
| | - Regina Brunauer
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Silvestre Alavez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Lerma de Villada, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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Malik VS, Hu FB. The role of sugar-sweetened beverages in the global epidemics of obesity and chronic diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:205-218. [PMID: 35064240 PMCID: PMC8778490 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of added sugars in the diet. A robust body of evidence has linked habitual intake of SSBs with weight gain and a higher risk (compared with infrequent SSB consumption) of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and some cancers, which makes these beverages a clear target for policy and regulatory actions. This Review provides an update on the evidence linking SSBs to obesity, cardiometabolic outcomes and related cancers, as well as methods to grade the strength of nutritional research. We discuss potential biological mechanisms by which constituent sugars can contribute to these outcomes. We also consider global trends in intake, alternative beverages (including artificially-sweetened beverages) and policy strategies targeting SSBs that have been implemented in different settings. Strong evidence from cohort studies on clinical outcomes and clinical trials assessing cardiometabolic risk factors supports an aetiological role of SSBs in relation to weight gain and cardiometabolic diseases. Many populations show high levels of SSB consumption and in low-income and middle-income countries, increased consumption patterns are associated with urbanization and economic growth. As such, more intensified policy efforts are needed to reduce intake of SSBs and the global burden of obesity and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanti S Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang C, Hong X, Wang W, Zhou H, Wu J, Xu H, Zhou N, Zhao J. The Combination of School-Based and Family-Based Interventions Appears Effective in Reducing the Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, a Randomized Controlled Trial among Chinese Schoolchildren. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040833. [PMID: 35215483 PMCID: PMC8875123 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine whether environmental interventions, student awareness and parents’ model roles are associated with the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), a randomized controlled trial was conducted among Chinese schoolchildren. A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was applied to select four primary schools, two in urban areas and two in rural areas, in Nanjing, eastern China. Classes of the third grade in the selected four schools were randomly assigned to the intervention group and control group. Among selected students in those classes, aged 9–10 years, those in the intervention group received intervention measures comprising school-based and family-based measures and accepted monthly monitoring along with interventions, for two consecutive semesters, while those in the control group did not receive any specific interventions. After intervention, there was a significant increase in SSB knowledge and an improvement in the family environment with parents in the intervention group. The proportion of frequent consumption (≥4 times/week) of any SSBs in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group (31.5% vs. 56.2%, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that parental education level is positively associated with reduced SSB consumption. Interventions showed an average decrease in SSBs consumption by 1.77 units, those living in urban areas decreased by 2.05 units. The combination of school-based and family-based interventions appears effective in reducing SSB consumption among Chinese schoolchildren, especially in urban areas and for those with parents with lower educational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Hairong Zhou
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; (C.W.); (X.H.); (W.W.); (H.Z.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-25-5701-0699 (N.Z.)
| | - Jinkou Zhao
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-25-5701-0699 (N.Z.)
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26
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Hafiz MS, Campbell MD, Orsi NM, Mappa G, Orfila C, Boesch C. Impact of food processing on postprandial glycaemic and appetite responses in healthy adults: a randomized, controlled trial. Food Funct 2022; 13:1280-1290. [PMID: 35024710 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chickpeas are among the lowest glycaemic index carbohydrate foods eliciting protracted digestion and enhanced satiety responses. In vitro studies suggest that mechanical processing of chickpeas significantly increases starch digestion. However, there is little evidence regarding the impact of processing on postprandial glycaemic response in response to chickpea intake in vivo. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of mechanical processing on postprandial interstitial glycaemic and satiety responses in humans. In a randomised crossover design, thirteen normoglycaemic adults attended 4 separate laboratory visits following an overnight fast. On each occasion, one of four test meals, matched for available carbohydrate content and consisting of different physical forms of chickpeas (whole, puree, and pasta) or control (mashed potato), was administered followed by a subsequent standardised lunch meal. Continuous glucose monitoring captured interstitial glucose responses, accompanied by periodic venous blood samples for retrospective analysis of C-peptide, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, leptin, resistin, and cortisol. Subjective appetite responses were measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Postprandial glycaemic responses were comparable between chickpea treatments albeit significantly lower than the control (p < 0.001). Similarly, all chickpea treatments elicited significantly lower C-peptide and GLP-1 responses compared to the control (p < 0.05), accompanied by enhanced subjective satiety responses (p < 0.05), whilst no significant differences in satiety hormones were detected among different intervention groups (p > 0.05). Chickpea consumption elicits low postprandial glycaemic responses and enhanced subjective satiety responses irrespective of processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Hafiz
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, UK.,Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK.,Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Nicolas M Orsi
- Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Georgia Mappa
- Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Peláez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Adan R, Emmett P, Galli C, Kersting M, Moynihan P, Tappy L, Ciccolallo L, de Sesmaisons‐Lecarré A, Fabiani L, Horvath Z, Martino L, Muñoz Guajardo I, Valtueña Martínez S, Vinceti M. Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07074. [PMID: 35251356 PMCID: PMC8884083 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from five European Nordic countries, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was tasked to provide scientific advice on a tolerable upper intake level (UL) or a safe level of intake for dietary (total/added/free) sugars based on available data on chronic metabolic diseases, pregnancy-related endpoints and dental caries. Specific sugar types (fructose) and sources of sugars were also addressed. The intake of dietary sugars is a well-established hazard in relation to dental caries in humans. Based on a systematic review of the literature, prospective cohort studies do not support a positive relationship between the intake of dietary sugars, in isocaloric exchange with other macronutrients, and any of the chronic metabolic diseases or pregnancy-related endpoints assessed. Based on randomised control trials on surrogate disease endpoints, there is evidence for a positive and causal relationship between the intake of added/free sugars and risk of some chronic metabolic diseases: The level of certainty is moderate for obesity and dyslipidaemia (> 50-75% probability), low for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes (> 15-50% probability) and very low for hypertension (0-15% probability). Health effects of added vs. free sugars could not be compared. A level of sugars intake at which the risk of dental caries/chronic metabolic diseases is not increased could not be identified over the range of observed intakes, and thus, a UL or a safe level of intake could not be set. Based on available data and related uncertainties, the intake of added and free sugars should be as low as possible in the context of a nutritionally adequate diet. Decreasing the intake of added and free sugars would decrease the intake of total sugars to a similar extent. This opinion can assist EU Member States in setting national goals/recommendations.
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Liu N, Li H, Guo Z, Chen X, Cheng P, Wang B, Huang G, Shen M, Lin Q, Wu J. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight or obesity among 2- to 6-year-old children in Hunan, China: a cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-12. [PMID: 35034674 PMCID: PMC9991611 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002200012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of overweight or obesity (ow/ob) with WHO BMI cut-off points, International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-off points and Chinese BMI criteria and examine its potential factors among preschool children in Hunan Province. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey including anthropometric measurements and questionnaires about children's information, caregivers' socio-demographic characteristics and maternal characteristics. χ2 tests and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were performed to evaluate the possible factors of ow/ob. SETTING Hunan, China, from September to October 2019. PARTICIPANTS In total, 7664 children 2 to 6 years of age. RESULTS According to Chinese BMI criteria, about 1 in 7-8 children aged 2-6 years had ow/ob in Hunan, China. The overall estimated prevalence of ow/ob among 2- to 6-year-old children was significantly higher when based on the Chinese BMI criteria compared with the WHO BMI cut-off points and IOTF cut-off points. According to Chinese BMI criteria, ow/ob was associated with residing in urban areas, older age, male sex, eating snacking food more frequently, macrosomia delivery, caesarean birth, heavier maternal prepregnancy weight and pre-delivery weight. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ow/ob in preschool children in Hunan Province remains high. More ow/ob children could be screened out according to Chinese BMI cut-offs compared with WHO and IOTF BMI criteria. In the future, targeted intervention studies with matched controls will be needed to assess the long-term effects of intervention measures to provide more information for childhood obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huixia Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangwen Huang
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Lin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province410008, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Obesity and its Metabolic Complications, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Chronological Appearance of Endocrine and Metabolic Dysfunctions Induced by an Unhealthy Diet in Rats. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 58:medicina58010008. [PMID: 35056315 PMCID: PMC8781186 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The work was aimed to determine the chronological sequence of events triggered by a fructose-rich diet (FRD) (10% w/v in the drinking water) in normal rats. Material and Methods: Serum parameters, liver and islet markers of metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress were determined weekly for 21 days. Results: At the end of the first week, rats fed with a FRD showed an early increase in circulating triglycerides, fat liver deposit, and enzymatic activity of liver glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH). After two weeks of such a diet, liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity and liver oxidative stress markers were significantly increased. Liver sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) mRNA also increased in the second week while their target genes fatty acid synthase (FAS) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPAT) enhanced their expression at the third week. Liver and pancreatic inflammation markers also enhanced their gene expression in the last week of treatment. Whereas both control and FRD rats remained normoglycemic throughout the entire period of treatment, blood insulin levels were significantly higher in FRD animals at the third week, thereby evidencing an insulin-resistant state (higher HOMA-IR, HOMA-B and HIS indexes). Pancreatic islets isolated from rats fed with a FRD for 3 weeks also increased glucose-induced insulin secretion (8.3 and 16.7 mM). Conclusions: FRD induces asynchronous changes involving early hypertriglyceridemia together with intrahepatic lipid deposit and metabolic disturbances from week one, followed by enhanced liver oxidative stress, liver and pancreas inflammation, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and peripheral insulin-resistance registered at the third week. Knowledge of time-course adaptation mechanisms involved in our rat model could be helpful in developing appropriate strategies to prevent the progression from prediabetes to Type 2 diabetes (T2D) triggered by unhealthy diets.
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Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Executive Function in Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124563. [PMID: 34960115 PMCID: PMC8705971 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and executive function among children has been less investigated. We aimed to explore this topic. We randomly recruited 6387 children aged 6-12 years from five elementary schools in Guangzhou, China in 2019. Information on frequency and servings of children's SSB consumption was assessed using a questionnaire. Children's executive function was evaluated using parents' ratings of the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), which comprises eight subscales-including inhibit, shift, emotional control, initiate, working memory, plan/organize, organization of materials and monitor, as well as three composite indexes including behavioral regulation index (BRI), metacognition index (MI), and global executive index (GEC). SSB consumption was positively associated with all subscales and composite scores of BRIEF as well as higher risks of elevated executive difficulties, indicating poorer executive function. For example, children who drank SSB ≥2 times/week were related to higher scores of GEC (estimates, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.44, 1.79 to 3.09) compared with those who never drank SSB. The odds ratio of elevated GEC associated with SSB consumption ≥2 times/week was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.34, 1.96) than non-consumers. The results of this study indicated that SSB consumption was associated with poorer executive function in children.
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31
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Mertens E, Colizzi C, Peñalvo JL. Ultra-processed food consumption in adults across Europe. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1521-1539. [PMID: 34862518 PMCID: PMC8921104 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to
describe ultra-processed food and drinks (UPFDs) consumption, and associations with intake of total sugar and dietary fibre, and high BMI in adults across Europe. Methods Using food consumption data collected by food records or 24-h dietary recalls available from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database, the foods consumed were classified by the level of processing using the NOVA classification. Diet quality was assessed by data linkage to the Dutch food composition tables (NEVO) and years lived with disability for high BMI from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Bivariate groupings were carried out to explore associations of UPFDs consumption with population intake of sugar and dietary fibre, and BMI burden, visualised by scatterplots. Results The energy share from UPFDs varied markedly across the 22 European countries included, ranging from 14 to 44%, being the lowest in Italy and Romania, while the highest in the UK and Sweden. An overall modest decrease (2–15%) in UPFDs consumption is observed over time, except for Finland, Spain and the UK reporting increases (3–9%). Fine bakery wares and soft drinks were most frequently ranked as the main contributor. Countries with a higher sugar intake reported also a higher energy share from UPFDs, as most clearly observed for UPF (r = 0.57, p value = 0.032 for men; and r = 0.53, p value = 0.061 for women). No associations with fibre intake or high BMI were observed. Conclusion Population-level UPFDs consumption substantially varied across Europe, although main contributors are similar. UPFDs consumption was not observed to be associated with country-level burden of high BMI, despite being related to a higher total sugar intake. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02733-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Mertens
- Unit of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Chiara Colizzi
- Unit of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - José L Peñalvo
- Unit of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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32
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Bennett AM, Murray K, Ambrosini GL, Oddy WH, Walsh JP, Zhu K. Prospective Associations of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption During Adolescence with Body Composition and Bone Mass at Early Adulthood. J Nutr 2021; 152:399-407. [PMID: 34791346 PMCID: PMC8826835 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents have a higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) than other age groups, but little is known of the impact of SSB intake during adolescence on body composition and bone mass in early adulthood. OBJECTIVES Associations of SSB intake from 14 to 20 y with fat, lean, and bone mass at 20 y of age were evaluated. METHODS Study participants were 1137 offspring (562 females) from the Raine Study. Food intake, including SSB consumption in servings/d (1 serving = 250 mL), was estimated using FFQs at 14, 17, and 20 y of age. DXA scanning at 20 y measured whole body fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral content (BMC). Using latent class growth analysis, 4 SSB intake trajectory classes were identified: consistently low (n = 540, intakes mostly <0.5 serving/d), increasing (n = 65), decreasing (n = 258), and consistently high (n = 274, intakes mostly >1.3 servings/d). RESULTS Median total SSB intake was 0.8, 0.7, and 0.5 serving/d, and median carbonated SSB intake was 0.3, 0.3, and 0.4 serving/d at 14, 17, and 20 y, respectively. Mean ± SD BMI (in kg/m2) was 23.9 ± 4.2 at 20 y. After adjustment for covariates including sex, demographic, energy intake, and maternal factors, individuals with "consistently high" SSB consumption had significantly higher total body fat mass at 20 y than those with "consistently low" consumption (23.3 ± 0.6 compared with 21.2 ± 0.4 kg, P = 0.004), which remained significant after further adjustment for "Healthy" and "Western" dietary patterns (23.2 ± 0.6 compared with 21.2 ± 0.4 kg, P = 0.011). No significant associations were observed between SSB intake trajectory classes and lean body mass or BMC at 20 y. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, consistently higher consumption of SSBs in adolescence and early adulthood are associated with increased fat mass but not with bone mass at 20 y of age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gina L Ambrosini
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wendy H Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia,Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia,Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Azlan A, Ebadi S, Yusof BNM, Othman NMH, Kannar D, Sultana S, Mahmood Z. Determination of Satiety, Glycaemic Profiles, Total Antioxidant Capacity and Postprandial Glycemic Responses of Minimally Refined Sugar and Others in Malaysian Healthy Adults. Nutrition 2021; 97:111551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The predictive value of evaluative bias, attentional bias, approach bias, and self-regulatory control in soft drink consumption. Appetite 2021; 168:105771. [PMID: 34688729 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Global consumption of soft drinks has increased rapidly over the past 50 years, making this a major public health problem. Guided by dual-process models, the present study aimed to provide a comprehensive investigation of the roles of cognitive biases (evaluative, attentional, and approach biases) and self-regulatory control in soft drink consumption and choice. Participants were 128 undergraduate students (17-25 years). They completed computer-based measures of the three biases (Implicit Association Task, Dot Probe Task, and Approach Avoidance Task) and self-regulatory control (Go/no-go Task). Soft drink consumption and choice were measured using a taste test and a take home beverage choice task, respectively. Evaluative bias for soft drink cues was positively associated with the amount of soft drink consumed. Self-regulatory control was negatively correlated with amount of soft drink consumed, but only for men. There was no interaction between cognitive biases and self-regulatory control in predicting soft drink consumption or choice. Nonetheless, the results support the application of dual-process models to soft drink consumption in that automatic (evaluative bias) and controlled processes (self-regulatory control) each predicted amount of soft drink consumed, albeit independently and only for certain individuals. Future research should extend these findings to habitual soft drink consumers and to individuals who actively wish to limit their soft drink intake.
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Roglans N, Baena M, Sangüesa G, Velázquez AM, Griñán-Ferré C, Pallàs M, Sánchez RM, Alegret M, Laguna JC. Chronic liquid fructose supplementation does not cause liver tumorigenesis but elicits clear sex differences in the metabolic response in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:7670. [PMID: 34650394 PMCID: PMC8494264 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased over the last decades and may evolve into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As HCC is challenging to treat, knowledge on the modifiable risk factors for NAFLD/HCC (e.g. hyper caloric diets rich in fructose) is essential. Objective and design We used a model of diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis to investigate the liver cancer-promoting effects of a diet supplemented with 10% liquid fructose, administered to male and female rats for 11 months. A subset of the fructose-supplemented rats received resveratrol (RVT) in the last 4 months of treatment. Results and discussion Rat livers showed no de visu or histological evidence of liver tumorigenesis. However, we observed metabolic abnormalities that could be related to cancer development mainly in the female fructose-supplemented rats, such as increases in weight, adiposity and hepatic triglyceride levels, as well as hyperglycaemia, hyperuricemia, hyperleptinemia and a reduced insulin sensitivity index, which were partially reversed by RVT. Therefore, we performed a targeted analysis of 84 cancer-related genes in the female liver samples, which revealed expression changes associated with cancer-related pathways. Analysis of individual genes indicated that some changes increased the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis (Sfrp2, Ccl5, Socs3, and Gstp1), while others exerted a protective/preventive effect (Bcl2 and Cdh1). Conclusion Our data clearly demonstrate that chronic fructose supplementation, as the sole dietary intervention, does not cause HCC development in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Baena
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Magdalena Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
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McGurk MD, Takeda CR, Murakami J, La Chica T, Yamauchi J. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Fee: A Model to Address Health Disparities in Hawai'i. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE 2021; 80:64-68. [PMID: 34704071 PMCID: PMC8538112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. SSB consumption is also a health equity issue, as rates of consumption and related chronic diseases vary by race, ethnicity, and income in Hawai'i. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for greater investment in public health and the well-being of communities experiencing health disparities because individuals with chronic diseases are more likely to develop complications from the virus. It has also created economic hardships for the people of Hawai'i, especially the state's most vulnerable populations. Amid this health and economic crisis, an opportunity exists to implement an SSB fee in Hawai'i. An SSB fee would impose a fee on SSB distributors that would be passed on to consumers in the form of price increases that influence purchasing behavior. Jurisdictions with SSB taxes or fees have seen reductions in SSB purchases and consumption and have generated millions of dollars in revenues to support health initiatives and reduce socioeconomic disparities. Models predict that a $0.02 SSB fee in Hawai'i could generate $60.5 million and significantly reduce healthcare costs and chronic diseases. This commentary will present an SSB fee policy as a viable model for Hawai'i to reduce SSB consumption, lower chronic disease risks, and generate needed revenues to support health, reduce inequities, and rebuild the state's economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan D. McGurk
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
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Laguna JC, Alegret M, Cofán M, Sánchez-Tainta A, Díaz-López A, Martínez-González MA, Sorlí JV, Salas-Salvadó J, Fitó M, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Serra-Majem L, Lapetra J, Fiol M, Gómez-Gracia E, Pintó X, Muñoz MA, Castañer O, Ramírez-Sabio JB, Portu JJ, Estruch R, Ros E. Simple sugar intake and cancer incidence, cancer mortality and all-cause mortality: A cohort study from the PREDIMED trial. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5269-5277. [PMID: 34536637 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between intake of simple sugars and cancer incidence, cancer mortality, and total mortality in a prospective cohort study based on the PREDIMED trial conducted from 2003 to 2010. METHODS Participants were older individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Exposures were total sugar, glucose and fructose from solid or liquid sources, and fructose from fruit and 100% fruit juice. Cancer incidence was the primary outcome; cancer mortality and all-cause mortality were secondary outcomes. Multivariable-adjusted, time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models were used. RESULTS Of 7447 individuals enrolled, 7056 (94.7%) were included (57.6% women, aged 67.0 ± 6.2 years). 534 incident cancers with 152 cancer deaths and 409 all-cause deaths were recorded after a median follow-up of 6 years. Intake of simple sugars in solid form was unrelated to outcomes. Higher cancer incidence was found per 5 g/day increase in intake of liquid sugars, with multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03-1.13) for total liquid sugar, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.07-1.31) for liquid glucose, 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05-1.23) for liquid fructose, and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.10-1.74) for fructose from fruit juice. Cancer and all-cause mortality increased to a similar extent with intake of all sugars in liquid form. In categorical models, cancer risk was dose-related for all liquid sugars. CONCLUSIONS Simple sugar intake in drinks and fruit juice was associated with an increased risk of overall cancer incidence and mortality and all-cause mortality. This suggests that sugary beverages are a modifiable risk factor for cancer and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology & Nutrition Dept., Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Tainta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), 43201, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - José V Sorlí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center (J.L.), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Miguel A Muñoz
- Primary Care Division, Catalan Institute of Health, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP)-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Judith B Ramírez-Sabio
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Oncology Service, Sagunto Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - José J Portu
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology & Nutrition Dept., Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wu M, Gani H, Viney S, Ho P, Orfila C. Effect of ginger‐enriched pasta on acceptability and satiety. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wu
- School of Food Science and Nutrition University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
| | - Hanis Gani
- School of Food Science and Nutrition University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Besut 22000Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Sara Viney
- School of Food Science and Nutrition University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
| | - Peter Ho
- School of Food Science and Nutrition University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
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Berger PK, Monk C, Bansal R, Sawardekar S, Goran MI, Peterson BS. Association of Prenatal Sugar Consumption with Newborn Brain Tissue Organization. Nutrients 2021; 13:2435. [PMID: 34371944 PMCID: PMC8308814 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies have shown that exposure to excess sugar during the prenatal and postnatal periods may alter early brain structure in rat pups. However, evidence in humans is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine associations of maternal total and added sugar intake in pregnancy with early brain tissue organization in infants. Adolescent mothers (n = 41) were recruited during pregnancy and completed 24 h dietary recalls during the second trimester. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed on infants using a 3.0 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanner at 3 weeks. Maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were constructed. A multiple linear regression was used to examine voxel-wise associations across the brain. Adjusting for postmenstrual age, sex, birth weight, and total energy intake revealed that maternal total and added sugar consumption were associated inversely and diffusely with infant MD values, not FA values. Inverse associations were distributed throughout all of the cortical mantle, including the posterior periphery (Bs = -6.78 to -0.57, Ps < 0.001) and frontal lobe (Bs = -4.72 to -0.77, Ps ≤ 0.002). Our findings suggest that maternal total and added sugar intake during the second trimester are significantly associated with features of brain tissue organization in infants, the foundation for future functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige K. Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (R.B.); (S.S.); (B.S.P.)
| | - Catherine Monk
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Ravi Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (R.B.); (S.S.); (B.S.P.)
| | - Siddhant Sawardekar
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (R.B.); (S.S.); (B.S.P.)
| | - Michael I. Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (R.B.); (S.S.); (B.S.P.)
| | - Bradley S. Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (R.B.); (S.S.); (B.S.P.)
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Wojcicki JM, Tsuchiya KJ, Murakami K, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Morisaki N. Limited consumption of 100% fruit juices and sugar sweetened beverages in Japanese toddler and preschool children. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101409. [PMID: 34189018 PMCID: PMC8220240 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low total 100% fruit juice and SSB intake for Japanese children. Comparable rates of beverage introduction for Japanese and North American children. Higher proportional dairy/milk drink consumption for Japanese than North American children. Low SSB consumption may contribute to lower obesity rate in Japanese children.
Japanese toddler and preschool children, ages 1.5–5 years, have lower rates of obesity, ≥95 th percentile body mass index, compared with North American ones. We examined parental reported beverage consumption patterns in 3 Japanese based mother-child cohorts from three different regions of Japan compared with data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies from North America. Specifically, we used data from the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC Study) in Hamamatsu (Shizuoka Prefecture), the Seiiku Boshi Birth Cohort from Setagaya, Tokyo and the TMM BirThree Cohort Study from Miyagi. We additionally compared cross-sectional data from preschoolers from 24 prefectures in Japan as previously reported from a national study. While Japanese children had lower but comparable rates to North American children for introduction of sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juices, Japanese children consumed these beverages daily at a much lower level than North American children. Additionally, North American children may get more added sugars from soda and fruit juices as a relative percentage of total added sugar. By contrast, Japanese children consume more sweetened dairy drinks as a relative percentage of total added sugar. Sweetened dairy drinks may have the added benefits of including fats, calcium and probiotics which may be associated with lower risk for obesity compared with consumption of other types of sugar sweetened beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Wojcicki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), USA
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Research Center for Child Mental Health Development, Japan
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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The effect of television advertising on soft drink consumption: Individual vulnerabilities in approach bias and inhibitory control. Appetite 2021; 165:105300. [PMID: 34000329 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Continual exposure to soft drink cues in the environment is thought to be a major contributor to the rising consumption of soft drinks. This study investigated the effect of one such cue, television advertising, on soft drink choice and intake. Within the context of dual-process models, we examined whether any such effects would be stronger for individuals with an automatic tendency to reach for soft drinks (approach bias) or a difficulty resisting soft drinks (poor inhibitory control). Participants (N = 127; 18-25 years) viewed television advertisements for either soft drinks or control (non-sweetened) beverages. Approach bias and inhibitory control were assessed by soft drink versions of the approach-avoidance and go/no-go tasks, respectively. Participants who had viewed the soft drink advertisements were more likely to choose a soft drink as their first drink than those who had viewed the control advertisements. This effect was stronger for participants with an approach bias for soft drinks. In addition, participants with poorer inhibitory control chose more soft drinks overall following the soft drink advertisements. Although exposure to soft drink advertisements did not affect soft drink intake in the taste test, participants with poorer inhibitory control consumed more of the soft drinks. In line with dual-process models, individuals with strong automatic tendencies or poor self-regulatory control were more responsive to television advertising for soft drinks. At a practical level, these cognitive vulnerabilities provide potential targets for intervention to help resist soft drink cues.
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Benyoub N, Merzouk H, Merzouk AS, Ghorzi H. Changes in metabolic parameters in growing male rats exposed to 10% and 30% sucrose drinking. NUTR CLIN METAB 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Age and time trends of dairy intake among children and adolescents of the DONALD study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3861-3872. [PMID: 33881583 PMCID: PMC8437911 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To describe age and time trends in dietary intake of Total Dairy (TD) (g/1000 kcal Total Energy Intake) and types of dairy (weight percent of total dairy intake, w%TD) represented as Low Fat Dairy (LFD), High Sugar Dairy (HSD), Fermented Dairy (FD) and Liquid Dairy (LD) among children and adolescents in Germany. Methods Overall, 10,333 3-day dietary records kept between 1985 and 2019 by 1275 DONALD participants (3.5–18.5 years; boys: 50.8%) were analyzed using polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Results TD intake decreased with age (♂: linear trend p < 0.0001; ♀: linear and quadratic trend p < 0.0001), whereas FD (♀: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.02) increased slightly in girls. HSD (♂: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.004; ♀: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.005) and LD (linear, quadratic trend p ≤ 0.0002) decreased with age. In terms of time trends, TD intake decreased in the last three decades, especially since 1995 (quadratic trend for ♂ 0.0007 and ♀ p = 0.004). LFD intake increased until 2010 and decreased thereafter (linear, quadratic, cubic trend p < 0.0001). HSD decreased until 1995, then increased until 2010 and decreased again afterwards (♂: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.001; ♀: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.003). While FD intake increased linear (in both ♂ and ♀: p < 0.0001), LD intake decreased (linear, quadratic trend p ≤ 0.03). Conclusion Our results showed changes in dairy consumption patterns among children and adolescents over the past three decades, demonstrating a decrease in TD intake with age and time, and a shift from liquid to solid dairy products with a simultaneous increase in fermented dairy products, while LFD and HSD fluctuated over time. Further evaluations will examine the health significance of these consumption patterns. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02555-7.
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Associations between ultraprocessed food consumption and total water intake in the US population. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:1695-1703. [PMID: 33745880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies have shown significant dose-response associations between dietary share of ultraprocessed foods and the incidence of several noncommunicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Several attributes of ultraprocessed foods are potential mechanisms for their link with health outcomes, including their typically unbalanced nutrient profile, high glycemic loads, high energy intake rate, and the presence of food additives, neoformed substances, and substances released by synthetic packaging materials. However, no studies have assessed the plausibility of reduced water intake as an additional association of diets rich in ultraprocessed foods. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and total water intake. DESIGN This cross-sectional secondary analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, cycles 2011 to 2016, in the United States. PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS This study included 24,505 participants aged ≥1 year who completed the first 24-hour dietary recall interview. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES The main outcome evaluated was the mean of total water intake. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Crude and adjusted linear regressions were applied to investigate the association between quintiles of the dietary share of ultraprocessed foods and the total water intake. RESULTS A significant linear reduction in the daily mean total water intake was observed across ultraprocessed food quintiles, amounting to 706 mL between the lower and the upper quintiles. Important increases across quintiles were observed for the intake of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened drinks, whereas important reductions occurred for unsweetened drinks, plain water, and water present in solid foods and dishes. CONCLUSIONS Reduced total water intake and an imbalance between sources of water that favors energy-dense and nutrient-poor sources were associated with increased consumption of ultraprocessed food, suggesting that decreased total water consumption might be a negative outcome of diets rich in ultraprocessed foods. This relationship should be further investigated in longitudinal or clinical trials.
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Flieh SM, Miguel-Berges ML, González-Gil EM, Gottrand F, Censi L, Widhalm K, Manios Y, Kafatos A, Molnár D, Dallongeville J, Stehle P, Gonzalez-Gross M, Marcos A, De Henauw S, Molina-Hidalgo C, Huybrechts I, Moreno LA. The Association between Portion Sizes from High-Energy-Dense Foods and Body Composition in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:954. [PMID: 33809476 PMCID: PMC7998698 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence has been simultaneously increasing with high consumption of large food portion sizes (PS). However, there is scarce information on PS of energy-dense (ED) foods as a potential risk factor of obesity in adolescents. In the present study, we investigate the association between the PS of the most ED foods and body composition. A sample of 1889 adolescents (54.4% females) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence cross-sectional multicenter study (HELENA-CSS) study were included. Most ED foods (e.g., cheese) were selected according to higher fat and/or sugar content and low fiber and water. Linear and ordinal logistic regression models were adjusted for age, physical activity, total energy intake (TEI), and socioeconomic status (SES). Analysis was performed both in those adolescents reporting plausible energy intake according to the approach of Goldberg et al. and in the whole sample. In male plausible reporters, PS from "breakfast cereals" showed a significant and positive association with BMI (β = 0.012; 0.048). PS from "carbonated soft drinks" in males (OR = 1.001; 95% CI 1.000; 1.002) and "bread and rolls" in females (OR = 1.002; 95% CI 1.000; 1.004) were associated with higher probability of having obesity, while "sweet bakery products" were associated with lower probability of having obesity (OR = 0.996; 95% CI 0.991; 0.999) in females. The present study suggests association between PS of ED foods and obesity in European adolescents. Prospective studies are needed to examine the effect of prolonged exposure to large PS and obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos M. Flieh
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.M.F.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.A.M.)
| | - María L. Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.M.F.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.A.M.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther M. González-Gil
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.M.F.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.A.M.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- CHU Lille, University Lille, INSERM U1286 Infinite, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Laura Censi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Roma, Italy;
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, A-3100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece;
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anthony Kafatos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Crete, Greece;
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Inmunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Cristina Molina-Hidalgo
- EFFECTS 262 Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada,18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France;
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.M.F.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.A.M.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Voegtle E, Dombret S, Bonabi A, Friederich HC, Brockmeyer T. Approach avoidance training to curb consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages - A pilot randomized controlled trial in healthy volunteers. Appetite 2021; 162:105194. [PMID: 33705891 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elevated consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to overweight and obesity. Automatic action tendencies like an approach bias might promote the consumption of SSBs. We investigated whether an Approach-Avoidance Training (AAT) reduces this approach bias and related behaviors like craving for and consumption of SSBs. Fifty-six healthy participants, with a self-reported SSB consumption of at least 330 ml per day, were randomized to 6 sessions of real or sham AAT. In the real AAT condition, participants were trained to react with avoidance movements to pictures of SSBs in an implicit learning paradigm (i.e. participants were instructed to respond to a task-irrelevant feature), whereas in the sham AAT condition the same pictures were used but no systematic (avoidance) reaction was trained. Approach bias, craving for SSB and SSB intake in a bogus taste test were assessed. Real AAT was not superior to sham AAT in any outcome measure. AAT in its current form and as a stand-alone intervention does not appear to be effective in reducing SSB consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Voegtle
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Dombret
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anahita Bonabi
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Friederich
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timo Brockmeyer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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de Morais JMB, Cruz EMS, da Rosa CVD, Cesário RC, Comar JF, Moreira CCL, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Seiva FRF. Pterostilbene influences glycemia and lipidemia and enhances antioxidant status in the liver of rats that consumed sucrose solution. Life Sci 2021; 269:119048. [PMID: 33453246 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study investigated the potential effects of pterostilbene (PT) on glycemic and lipid profiles, fat storage, cardiovascular indices, and hepatic parameters of rats fed with sucrose solution. MAIN METHODS 24 male Wistar rats received either drinking water or a 40% sucrose solution over a period of 140 days. After this period, animals were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 6): Control (C), C + Pterostilbene (PT), Sucrose (S), and S + PT. Pterostilbene (40 mg/kg) was given orally for 45 consecutive days. KEY FINDINGS Pterostilbene did not influence morphometric and nutritional parameters. The insulin sensitivity index TyG was elevated in the C + PT group (p < 0.01) and reduced in S + PT group (p < 0.05). Basal glucose levels were lower in the S + PT group (p < 0.05), and the glycemic response was improved with PT treatment in glucose provocative tests. Conversely, rats from the C + PT group showed impaired glucose disposal during those tests. Lipid profile was partially improved by PT treatment. Hepatic oxidative stress in the S group was improved after PT treatment. In the C group, PT reduced SOD activity, glutathione levels, and increased catalase activity. Collagen content was reduced by PT treatment. SIGNIFICANCE PT effects depends on the type of diet the animals were submitted. In rats fed with sucrose-solution, PT confirmed its positive effects, improving glucose and lipid profile, and acting as a potent antioxidant. The effects of PT on rats that consumed a normal diet were very discrete or even undesirable. We suggest caution with indiscriminate consume of natural compounds by healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Mayara Souza Cruz
- Post Graduation Program of Experimental Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Vinícius Dalto da Rosa
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberta Carvalho Cesário
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil; Post Graduation Program of Experimental Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Paraná, Brazil.
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Berger PK, Plows JF, Jones RB, Alderete TL, Rios C, Pickering TA, Fields DA, Bode L, Peterson BS, Goran MI. Associations of maternal fructose and sugar-sweetened beverage and juice intake during lactation with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1516-1522. [PMID: 33020800 PMCID: PMC7727478 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our prior studies revealed that infant somatic growth is influenced by fructose in breast milk, and fructose in breast milk is increased in response to maternal sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in lactation. It is unknown whether infant neurodevelopmental outcomes are also influenced by maternal SSBs in lactation. OBJECTIVES To determine whether infant cognitive development at 24 postnatal months was influenced by maternal fructose consumption during lactation, and whether this relation persisted after accounting for maternal SSB and juice (SSB + J) intake. METHODS Hispanic mother-infant pairs (n = 88) were recruited across the spectrum of prepregnancy BMI. Mothers completed two 24-h dietary recalls at 1 and 6 postnatal months, and reported breastfeedings per day. The Bayley-III Scales of Infant Development were administered at 24 postnatal months to assess infant cognition. Linear regressions were used to examine associations, reported as unstandardized (B) coefficients, 95% CIs, and P values. RESULTS Mothers consumed 1656 ± 470 kcal, 21.8 ± 12 g fructose, and 2.5 ± 2.6 servings SSBs + J, and reported 6.9 ± 2.1 breastfeedings per day at 1 postnatal month. Controlling for maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, education level, kilocalories, infant age, sex, and birthweight revealed that infant cognitive development scores at 24 postnatal months correlated inversely with maternal fructose consumption at 1 postnatal month (B = -0.08; 95% CI = -0.13, -0.03; P < 0.01). The association of infant cognitive development scores with maternal fructose consumption was no longer significant after adjustment for maternal SSB + J intake (B = -0.05; 95% CI = -0.10, 0.00; P = 0.07), whereas maternal SSB + J intake was significant in the same model (B = -0.29; 95% CI = -0.52, -0.05; P = 0.02). Infant cognitive development scores were not associated with maternal fructose and SSB + J consumption at 6 postnatal months. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 postnatal months can be adversely influenced by maternal fructose intake in early lactation, and this could be attributed to maternal SSB + J intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige K Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine F Plows
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roshonda B Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Rios
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trevor A Pickering
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A Fields
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Struijk EA, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Fung TT, Willett WC, Hu FB, Lopez-Garcia E. Sweetened beverages and risk of frailty among older women in the Nurses' Health Study: A cohort study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003453. [PMID: 33290392 PMCID: PMC7723265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been consistently associated with a higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality, whereas evidence for artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) and fruit juices on health is less solid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of SSBs, ASBs, and fruit juices in association with frailty risk among older women. METHODS AND FINDINGS We analyzed data from 71,935 women aged ≥60 (average baseline age was 63) participating in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), an ongoing cohort study initiated in 1976 among female registered nurses in the United States. Consumption of beverages was derived from 6 repeated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) administered between 1990 and 2010. Frailty was defined as having at least 3 of the following 5 criteria from the FRAIL scale: fatigue, poor strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 chronic illnesses, and weight loss ≥5%. The occurrence of frailty was assessed every 4 years from 1992 to 2014. During 22 years of follow-up, we identified 11,559 incident cases of frailty. Consumption of SSBs was associated with higher risk of frailty after adjustment for diet quality, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and medication use, specifically, the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for ≥2 serving/day versus no SSB consumption was 1.32 (1.10, 1.57); p-value <0.001. ASBs were also associated with frailty [RR ≥2 serving/day versus no consumption: 1.28 (1.17, 1.39); p-value <0.001]. Orange juice was associated with lower risk of frailty [RR ≥1 serving/day versus no consumption: 0.82 (0.76, 0.87); p-value <0.001], whereas other juices were associated with a slightly higher risk [RR ≥1 serving/day versus no consumption: 1.15 (1.03, 1.28); p-value <0.001]. A limitation of this study is that, due to self-reporting of diet and frailty, certain misclassification bias cannot be ruled out; also, some residual confounding may persist. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that consumption of SSBs and ASBs was associated with a higher risk of frailty. However, orange juice intake showed an inverse association with frailty. These results need to be confirmed in further studies using other frailty definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A. Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA/Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa T. Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA/Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Arthur RS, Kirsh VA, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Xue X, Rohan TE. Sugar-containing beverages and their association with risk of breast, endometrial, ovarian and colorectal cancers among Canadian women. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 70:101855. [PMID: 33220638 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of sugar containing beverages (SCBs) with risk of breast, endometrial, ovarian and colorectal cancers is unclear. Therefore, we investigated these associations in the Canadian Study of Diet, Lifestyle, and Health. METHODS The study population comprised an age-stratified subcohort of 3185 women and 848, 161, 91 and 243 breast, endometrial, ovarian and colorectal cancer cases, respectively. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models modified for the case-cohort design to assess the associations of SCBs with risk of the aforementioned cancers. RESULTS Compared to SCB intake in the lowest tertile, SCB intake in the highest tertile was positively associated with endometrial cancer risk (HRT3 vs T1 = 1.58, 95 % CI = 1.08-2.33 and 1.78, 95 % CI = 1.12-2.81 for overall and Type 1 endometrial cancer, respectively) and ovarian cancer (HRT3 vs T1 = 1.76, 95 % CI: 1.09-2.83). Fruit juice intake was also positively associated with risk of Type 1endometrial (HRT3 vs T1 = 1.63, 95 % CI = 1.03-2.60). After excluding women with diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, we also observed sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake in the highest tertile was associated with higher risk of Type 1 endometrial cancer (HR T3 vs T1 = 1.65; 95 % CI: 1.03-2.64). None of the beverages was associated with risk of breast or colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION We conclude that, in this cohort, relatively high SCB intake was associated with higher risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers, but not of breast or colorectal cancers. Our findings also suggest that relatively high SSB and fruit juice intake are associated with higher risk of Type 1 endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda S Arthur
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States.
| | - Victoria A Kirsh
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States
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