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Na X, Zhang J, Xie C, Zeng H, Wu L, Fan D, Yang H, Shi X, Zhou Y, Yu H, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Zhao A. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dietary behaviors among school-age children, adolescents, and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae050. [PMID: 38820346 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact on food security and nutrition, both in the short and long term. The influence on school-age children, adolescents, and young adults may be particularly significant and long-lasting. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dietary habits among school-age children, adolescents, and young adults worldwide. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to October 5, 2023. DATA EXTRACTION We included observational studies published in English that reported dietary quality scores and dietary intake quantities during and before the COVID-19 pandemic among school-age children, adolescents, and young adults. We included a total of 22 cohort studies and 20 cross-sectional studies of high or moderate quality. DATA ANALYSIS We conducted a meta-analysis, expressing dietary quality scores and dietary intake quantities as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For studies with low heterogeneity, we used a fixed-effects model; otherwise, we applied a random-effects model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was employed by 2 reviewers independently to evaluate methodological quality. The analysis indicated that, overall, juice intake increased (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.20), while alcohol consumption reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic (SMD = -0.28, 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.08). However, the age-stratified results varied. Among school-age children, intake of fruit, dairy products, sugar, and juice increased. Adolescents showed an increase in meal frequency and vegetable intake. Young adults showed reduced carbohydrate and alcohol intakes, while protein and dairy product intakes increased, based on limited included studies. CONCLUSION Dietary changes in school-age children from before to during the pandemic were mixed, while dietary behavior changes in adolescents and young adults tended to be more positive. Considering the lasting effects of negative dietary behaviors, attention should be given to addressing the increased sugar and juice intakes. It is also crucial that caregivers and researchers monitor whether positive dietary behaviors will rebound after returning to normal study and life. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023420923.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Na
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junhan Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenyou Xie
- School of Arts & Sciences, University of Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Huatang Zeng
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, China
| | - Liqun Wu
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, China
| | - Dongying Fan
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haibing Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiguo Zhou
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuefeng Tan
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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de Rijk MG, de Vries JHM, Mars M, Feskens EJM, Boesveldt S. Dietary taste patterns and diet quality of female nurses around the night shift. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:513-524. [PMID: 38057604 PMCID: PMC10899307 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Night shift workers are at risk of making poor food choices: e.g. sleep deprivation may lead to higher food intake with innate preferred tastes, such as sweet, savoury and fatty foods. Therefore, better insight in dietary taste patterns of night shift workers may improve the understanding of their food choices. METHODS This observational study assessed dietary taste patterns of 120 female night shift working nurses and compared them to 307 women of a reference population. Dietary intake, assessed with 24-h dietary recalls, was combined with a taste intensity database, including taste profiles of 557 foods. The contribution to the daily intake of 6 taste clusters was assessed: fat, neutral, sweet/fat, sweet/sour, salt/umami/fat and bitter. RESULTS During night shifts, nurses consumed a significantly higher energy percentage (en%) of 'neutral' (5.9 en%), 'sweet/sour' (8.1 en%) and 'sweet/fat' (6.5 en%) tasting foods and a lower en% of 'fat' (- 17.1 en%) and 'bitter' (- 2.1 en%) tasting foods than outside the night shift. They consumed a larger en% from foods with a 'sweet/sour' (1.9 en%) taste and a lower en% from foods with a 'bitter' (- 2.1 en%) taste than the reference population, irrespective of age, BMI and smoking status. A higher en% and gram% of 'fat' tasting foods and a higher gram% 'fat/salt/umami' tasting foods were associated with lower diet quality. CONCLUSION Our results only partly support our hypothesis that nurses would select foods with more innate taste preferences. In addition, fat and savoury tasting foods were negatively associated with their diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëlle G de Rijk
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- TiFN, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne H M de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Mars
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Boesveldt
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Anderson CE, Goran MI, Whaley SE. Any Infant Formula Amount, but Not Infant Formula Type, Is Associated with Less Healthful Subsequent Beverage Intake among Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children-Participating Children. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102094. [PMID: 38419833 PMCID: PMC10897848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides nutrition assistance to low-income households, including infant formula for infants not fully breastfeeding. Issuance of lactose-reduced infant formula made with corn syrup solids (CSSF) is associated with elevated risk of obesity in early life, but associations between formula type and dietary intake have not been examined. Objectives To evaluate associations between infant formula (amount and type) issued by WIC with subsequent child diet at ages 12-59 mo. Methods Dietary data from 2014, 2017, and 2020 Los Angeles County WIC Survey respondents (n = 1339 children, 12-59 mo of age) were merged with WIC administrative data on infant feeding (amount and type of infant formula at ages 0-12 mo). Intake frequencies were available for sweetened beverages, sweets, juice, fast food, water, fruit, vegetables, and milk. Infant feeding was categorized by amount of WIC-issued formula (descending: fully formula fed, mostly formula fed, mostly breastfed, fully breastfed) and issuance of a CSSF (any, none). Associations between infant feeding (infant formula amount and type) and child diet were evaluated in multivariable generalized estimating equation negative binomial regression models, stratified by child age (12 to <24 mo, 24 to <60 mo). Results Any infant formula issuance in the first year of life was adversely associated with subsequent dietary intake. This included 21%-23% higher 100% juice intake at 24 to <60 mo and 11%-13% (at 24 to <60 mo) or 20%-22% (at 12 to <24 mo) lower water intake. CSSF receipt compared with only other infant formula was not consistently associated with subsequent child diet. Conclusions Any infant formula amount, but not CSSF receipt compared with other formula types, was associated with less healthful beverage intake patterns among WIC-participating children. WIC nutrition education may have a stronger impact if tailored based on infant feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Anderson
- Division of Research and Evaluation, Public Health Foundation Enterprises (PHFE) WIC, a program of Heluna Health, City of Industry, CA, United States
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shannon E Whaley
- Division of Research and Evaluation, Public Health Foundation Enterprises (PHFE) WIC, a program of Heluna Health, City of Industry, CA, United States
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Nguyen M, Jarvis SE, Chiavaroli L, Mejia SB, Zurbau A, Khan TA, Tobias DK, Willett WC, Hu FB, Hanley AJ, Birken CS, Sievenpiper JL, Malik VS. Consumption of 100% Fruit Juice and Body Weight in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:237-246. [PMID: 38227336 PMCID: PMC10792499 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Importance Concerns have been raised that frequent consumption of 100% fruit juice may promote weight gain. Current evidence on fruit juice and weight gain has yielded mixed findings from both observational studies and clinical trials. Objective To synthesize the available evidence on 100% fruit juice consumption and body weight in children and adults. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched through May 18, 2023. Study Selection Prospective cohort studies of at least 6 months and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of at least 2 weeks assessing the association of 100% fruit juice with body weight change in children and adults were included. In the trials, fruit juices were compared with noncaloric controls. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were pooled using random-effects models and presented as β coefficients with 95% CIs for cohort studies and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for RCTs. Main Outcomes and Measures Change in body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) was assessed in children and change in body weight in adults. Results A total of 42 eligible studies were included in this analysis, including 17 among children (17 cohorts; 0 RCTs; 45 851 children; median [IQR] age, 8 [1-15] years) and 25 among adults (6 cohorts; 19 RCTs; 268 095 adults; median [IQR] age among cohort studies, 48 [41-61] years; median [IQR] age among RCTs, 42 [25-59]). Among cohort studies in children, each additional serving per day of 100% fruit juice was associated with a 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01-0.05) higher BMI change. Among cohort studies in adults, studies that did not adjust for energy showed greater body weight gain (0.21 kg; 95% CI, 0.15-0.27 kg) than studies that did adjust for energy intake (-0.08 kg; 95% CI, -0.11 to -0.05 kg; P for meta-regression <.001). RCTs in adults found no significant association of assignment to 100% fruit juice with body weight but the CI was wide (MD, -0.53 kg; 95% CI, -1.55 to 0.48 kg). Conclusion and Relevance Based on the available evidence from prospective cohort studies, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 serving per day of 100% fruit juice was associated with BMI gain among children. Findings in adults found a significant association among studies unadjusted for total energy, suggesting potential mediation by calories. Further trials of 100% fruit juice and body weight are desirable. Our findings support guidance to limit consumption of fruit juice to prevent intake of excess calories and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah E. Jarvis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tauseef A. Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deirdre K. Tobias
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony J. Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S. Birken
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasanti S. Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang J, Li Y, Li F, He M, Li J, Zhang S, Zhao W, Tang Y, Li Y, Xiong J, Yao P. Association between sugar-free beverage intake and childhood obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13096. [PMID: 38191846 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between sugar-free beverage (SFB) intake and childhood obesity among Chinese children is unknown. OBJECTIVES To describe the status of SFB consumption among children and adolescents in China and assess the association between SFB intake and different types of obesity. METHODS The study was based on the baseline data of an ongoing cohort project named Evaluation and Monitoring on School-based Nutrition and Growth in Shenzhen (EMSNGS). Food frequency questionnaires were used to collect information on SFB consumption in 3227 students aged 9-17. Physical and clinical examinations were conducted by trained investigators and clinicians. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between SFB intake and general obesity, overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW)/metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). RESULTS The median age of the participants was 13.28 years. Among the participants, 55.2% were boys, and 66.1% were adolescents. The median SFB consumption was 16.67 mL/d. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, each 100 mL increase in daily SFB intake was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity (OR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.06-1.23), abdominal obesity (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.03-1.23), and MUOW/MUO (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.02-1.21), respectively. Stratified analyses showed that family income may have an impact on the association between SFB intake and overweight/obesity (P for interaction = 0.021) and abdominal obesity (P for interaction = 0.031). CONCLUSION SFB intake was positively associated with childhood obesity in Chinese children, particularly among individuals with high-income families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Li
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Min He
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingxi Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangxia Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingfan Xiong
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
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Prinz P. Sweetness preference and its impact on energy intake and body weight - a review of evidence. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1289028. [PMID: 37927507 PMCID: PMC10622747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1289028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, several approaches have been postulated for tackling the global increase in overweight and obesity rates, including different dietary macronutrient compositions or the timing of meals. Recently, taste modulation has come into focus as a possible approach for influencing dietary behavior. The perception of sweet taste is innate and an evolutionary protection mechanism to prevent primates from eating poisonous plants. It is hypothesized that this innate sweetness preference could be modulated by dietary sweetness, including sweet foods and beverages, which results in a learned sweetness preference that affects energy intake and body weight. However, this hypothesis is not supported by unanimous scientific evidence. This review provides an update of the current literature, regarding the modulation of sweetness preference as a possible new approach in the prevention of overweight and obesity. In general, results from observation as well as interventional studies in all age groups are heterogeneous. The majority showed no effect of dietary sweetness modulation on sweetness preference, energy intake or anthropometric measures. Therefore, the modulation of sweetness preference due to diet, foods or beverages is still a hypothesis and not scientifically proven. However, due to the lack of data, more research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Prinz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, German Sugar Association, Berlin, Germany
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Yunker AG, Chakravartti SP, Kullmann S, Veit R, Angelo B, Jann K, Monterosso JR, Page KA. Sweet taste preference is associated with greater hypothalamic response to glucose and longitudinal weight gain. Physiol Behav 2023; 270:114292. [PMID: 37442357 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus has an abundant expression of sweet taste receptors that play a role in glucose sensing and energy homeostasis. Evidence suggests that liking "sweets" can be associated with weight gain, but the relationship between sweet taste preference and hypothalamic regulation of appetite is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that sweet taste preference is associated with increased hypothalamic activation in response to glucose (a purported neural marker for weight gain risk) and greater longitudinal increases in body mass index (BMI). Fifty-four adults aged 18-35 years with a mean (± SD) BMI of 27.99 ± 5.32 kg/m2 completed the study. Height and weight were measured at baseline and 6-12 months later in a subset of 36 participants. Sweet taste preference was assessed via the Monell 2-series, forced-choice tracking procedure. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after oral glucose ingestion to determine hypothalamic blood flow response to glucose. Linear models were used to examine relationships between sweet taste preference and the hypothalamic response to glucose and longitudinal changes in BMI, adjusting for age, sex, and baseline BMI. Sweet taste preference was positively associated with glucose-linked hypothalamic blood flow (beta = 0.017, p = 0.043), adjusted for age, sex and BMI. We also observed a positive association between sweet taste preference and longitudinal change in BMI (beta = 0.088, p = 0.015), adjusted for age, sex and baseline BMI. These findings suggest that heightened sweet taste preference is associated with glucose-linked hypothalamic activation and may be linked to increased susceptibility for weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Yunker
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandhya P Chakravartti
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90033, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Veit
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Brendan Angelo
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90033, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kay Jann
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - John R Monterosso
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kathleen A Page
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90033, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Rayo-Morales R, Segura-Carretero A, Borras-Linares I, Garcia-Burgos D. Suppression of sweet taste-related responses by plant-derived bioactive compounds and eating. Part I: A systematic review in humans. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19733. [PMID: 37817998 PMCID: PMC10560784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The taste of food plays a crucial role in determining what and how much we eat. Thus, interventions that temporarily block sweet taste receptors offer a promising approach to addressing unhealthy behaviours associated with sugary foods. However, the relationship between reduced sweet taste response and food consumption remains unclear, with contradictory findings. Certain studies suggest that a diminished perception of sweetness leads to a sense of fullness and results in reduced food intake, while others suggest the opposite effect. To shed some light, our systematic review looked into the relationship between diminished sweet taste response and food consumption by examining the effects of bioactive compounds that experimentally inhibit sweetness in healthy individuals. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, and covered original papers included in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Food Science Source and Food Science and technology abstracts. We identified 33 peer-reviewed English-language studies that fit the topic and met the inclusion criteria. The current literature predominantly focuses on the immediate impact of oral gymnemic acids, failing to provide preliminary evidence in support of the specific threshold hypothesis, above which food consumption decreases and below which the opposite effect occurs. Additionally, there was inconsistency in the findings regarding the short-term desire to eat following sweetness inhibition. Considering the downstream effects on energy intake and their clinical applications, further research is needed to clarify both the acute within-session effects (i.e., not wanting any more now) and the longer-term effects (i.e., deciding not to start eating) linked to oral sweet-taste-suppressing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rayo-Morales
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Borras-Linares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Burgos
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain
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Schneider-Worthington CR, Lauzon M, Berger PK, Goran MI, Salvy SJ. Complementary Feeding and Child Appetitive Traits in a Sample of Hispanic Mother-Child Dyads. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:1340-1350. [PMID: 36375769 PMCID: PMC10175514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary feeding practices may contribute to toddler eating practices that affect weight outcomes. Studies are needed to understand the relationship between complementary feeding practices and toddler dietary self-regulation. OBJECTIVE This study tests the hypothesis that earlier complementary food introduction predicts toddler food responsiveness and emotional overeating (ie, tendency to overeat in response to food cues and emotions, respectively), and considers whether introduction of certain foods better predict toddler dietary self-regulation. DESIGN This study is a secondary analysis of data from a parent longitudinal birth cohort study on early growth/development among Hispanic mother-infant dyads. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The analytic sample included 174 mother-child dyads recruited from maternity clinics affiliated with the University of Southern California in Los Angeles County. Recruitment and data collection were ongoing from July 2016 to April 2020. At 1-, 6-, 12-, and 24-months postpartum, mothers reported exclusive breastfeeding duration and age of complementary food introduction via questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Child food responsiveness and emotional overeating scores calculated from the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire at 12 and 24 months of age. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Separate linear mixed models with repeated measures were used to examine associations between age of complementary food introduction as a predictor of child food responsiveness or emotional overeating, controlling for infant sex, birth body mass index z score, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and mother's body mass index. RESULTS In separate models, delaying complementary food introduction by 1 month was associated with a 6% reduction in food responsiveness (P = 0.007) and a 5% reduction in emotional overeating scores (P = 0.013). Fifty-eight unique combinations of complementary foods introduced first were found, precluding analyses to examine whether specific combinations were related to eating behavior outcomes due to sample size limitations. CONCLUSIONS Earlier complementary feeding was associated with higher food responsiveness and emotional overeating scores among Hispanic children. Future studies in larger samples are needed to characterize patterns of complementary food introduction and their influence on child self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Lauzon
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paige K Berger
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah-Jeanne Salvy
- Research Center for Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, California
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10
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Anderson CE, Au LE, Yepez CE, Ritchie LD, Tsai MM, Whaley SE. Increased WIC Cash Value Benefit is Associated with Greater Amount and Diversity of Redeemed Fruits and Vegetables among Participating Households. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:101986. [PMID: 37662701 PMCID: PMC10469066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food packages for children ages 1 to 4 y include a cash value benefit (CVB) redeemable for fruits and vegetables (FVs) with participating vendors. The CVB value was increased beginning in June 2021. Objectives This study evaluated associations of the augmented CVB with the amount and diversity of redeemed FVs. Methods Price look-up codes (PLUs) in redemption data determined outcomes including any redemption (any, none), amount redeemed (United States dollars [USD]/mo), and percent of total CVB redemption (percent) in 54 FV commodity groups among a cohort of 1770 WIC-participating children in Southern California. Outcomes across all commodity groups for fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, and all FVs were evaluated including dollar amount redeemed, percentage of redemption, and diversity of produce redeemed (variety and balance among items redeemed). Comparisons were made between augmented CVB periods (35 USD/mo in June-September 2021, 24 USD/mo October 2021-June 2022) and the preaugment period (9 USD/mo in June 2020-May 2021). Associations were tested in multivariable generalized estimating equation Poisson (any redemption) and linear (amount, percent, diversity) regression models. Results The augmented CVB was associated with higher any redemption prevalence and amount redeemed for 53 of 54 commodity groups at both 35 USD/mo and 24 USD/mo compared with 9 USD/mo. Redemption diversity increased for both fruits, vegetables, and all produce during both augment periods, and modestly greater increases in redeemed fruits relative to vegetables were observed at 35 USD/mo. The most commonly redeemed vegetables were tomatoes, onions, cucumbers, peppers, and avocados and the most commonly redeemed fruits were bananas, apples, grapes, limes, and melons. Conclusions The augmented CVB was associated with greater redeemed FV amount and greater redeemed FV diversity. Data on FV intake diversity among WIC-participating children are needed to understand dietary impacts of the CVB increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Anderson
- Division of Research and Evaluation, Public Health Foundation Enterprises (PHFE) WIC, a program of Heluna Health, Irwindale, CA, United States
| | - Lauren E. Au
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Catherine E. Yepez
- Division of Research and Evaluation, Public Health Foundation Enterprises (PHFE) WIC, a program of Heluna Health, Irwindale, CA, United States
| | - Lorrene D. Ritchie
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Marisa M. Tsai
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Shannon E. Whaley
- Division of Research and Evaluation, Public Health Foundation Enterprises (PHFE) WIC, a program of Heluna Health, Irwindale, CA, United States
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11
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Kay MC, Pankiewicz AR, Schildcrout JS, Wallace S, Wood CT, Shonna Yin H, Rothman RL, Sanders LM, Orr C, Delamater AM, Flower KB, Perrin EM. Early Sweet Tooth: Juice Introduction During Early Infancy is Related to Toddler Juice Intake. Acad Pediatr 2023; 23:1343-1350. [PMID: 37150479 PMCID: PMC10592660 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess if 100% fruit juice intake prior to 6 months is associated with juice and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake at 24 months and whether this differs by sociodemographic factors. METHODS We used longitudinal data from infants enrolled in the control (no obesity intervention) arm of Greenlight, a cluster randomized trial to prevent childhood obesity which included parent-reported child 100% fruit juice intake at all well child checks between 2 and 24 months. We studied the relationship between the age of juice introduction (before vs after 6 months) and juice and SSB intake at 24 months using negative binomial regression while controlling for baseline sociodemographic factors. RESULTS We report results for 187 participants (43% Hispanic, 39% non-Hispanic Black), more than half (54%) of whom had reported 100% fruit juice intake before 6 months. Average 100% fruit juice intake at 24 months was greater than the recommended amount (of 4 oz) and was 8.2 oz and 5.3 oz for those who had and had not, respectively, been introduced to juice before 6 months. In adjusted models, early introduction of juice was associated with a 43% (95% confidence interval: 5%-96%) increase in juice intake at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS 100% fruit juice intake exceeding recommended levels at 6 and 24 months in this diverse cohort was prevalent. Introducing 100% fruit juice prior to 6 months may put children at greater risk for more juice intake as they age. Further research is necessary to determine if early guidance can reduce juice intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Kay
- Department of Pediatrics (MC Kay, AR Pankiewicz, and CT Wood), Duke University, Durham, NC.
| | - Aaron R Pankiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics (MC Kay, AR Pankiewicz, and CT Wood), Duke University, Durham, NC.
| | - Jonathan S Schildcrout
- Department of Biostatistics (JS Schildcrout), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn.
| | - Shelby Wallace
- Division of General Pediatrics (S Wallace and RL Rothman), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn.
| | - Charles T Wood
- Department of Pediatrics (MC Kay, AR Pankiewicz, and CT Wood), Duke University, Durham, NC.
| | - H Shonna Yin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health (H Shonna Yin), New York University Grossman School of Medicine.
| | - Russell L Rothman
- Division of General Pediatrics (S Wallace and RL Rothman), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn.
| | - Lee M Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics (LM Sanders), Stanford University, Calif.
| | - Colin Orr
- General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (C Orr and KB Flower), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics (AM Delamater), University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.
| | - Kori B Flower
- General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (C Orr and KB Flower), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
| | - Eliana M Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics (EM Perrin), Johns Hopkins University Schools of Medicine and Nursing, Baltimore, Md.
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12
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Burger KS. Food reinforcement architecture: A framework for impulsive and compulsive overeating and food abuse. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1734-1744. [PMID: 37368515 PMCID: PMC10313138 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Few reward-based theories address key drivers of susceptibility to food cues and consumption beyond fullness. Decision-making and habit formation are governed by reinforcement-based learning processes that, when overstimulated, can drive unregulated hedonically motivated overeating. Here, a model food reinforcement architecture is proposed that uses fundamental concepts in reinforcement and decision-making to identify maladaptive eating habits that can lead to obesity. This model is unique in that it identifies metabolic drivers of reward and incorporates neuroscience, computational decision-making, and psychology to map overeating and obesity. Food reinforcement architecture identifies two paths to overeating: a propensity for hedonic targeting of food cues contributing to impulsive overeating and lack of satiation that contributes to compulsive overeating. A combination of those paths will result in a conscious and subconscious drive to overeat independent of negative consequences, leading to food abuse and/or obesity. Use of this model to identify aberrant reinforcement learning processes and decision-making systems that can serve as markers of overeating risk may provide an opportunity for early intervention in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S Burger
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Lewis KH, Hsu FC, Block JP, Skelton JA, Schwartz MB, Krieger J, Hindel LR, Ospino Sanchez B, Zoellner J. A Technology-Driven, Healthcare-Based Intervention to Improve Family Beverage Choices: Results from a Pilot Randomized Trial in the United States. Nutrients 2023; 15:2141. [PMID: 37432293 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Healthcare-based interventions to address sugary beverage intake could achieve broad reach, but intensive in-person interventions are unsustainable in clinical settings. Technology-based interventions may provide an alternative, scalable approach. Methods: Within an academic health system in the United States that already performs electronic health record-based sugary drink screening, we conducted a pilot randomized trial of a technology-driven family beverage choice intervention. The goal of the intervention was to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and fruit juice (FJ) consumption in 60 parent-child dyads, in which children were 1-8 years old. The pediatrician-initiated intervention consisted of a water promotion toolkit, a video, a mobile phone application, and 14 interactive voice-response phone calls to parents over 6 months. The study was conducted between June 2021 and May 2022. The aim of the pilot study was to assess the potential feasibility and efficacy of the newly developed intervention. Results: Intervention fidelity was excellent, and acceptability was high for all intervention components. Children in both the intervention and the control groups substantially decreased their consumption of SSB and FJ over follow-up (mean combined baseline 2.5 servings/day vs. 1.4/day at 6 months) and increased water consumption, but constrained linear mixed-effects models showed no differences between groups on these measures. Compared to parents in the control group, intervention parents had larger decreases in SSB intake at 3 months (-0.80 (95% CI: -1.54, -0.06, p = 0.03) servings daily), but these differences were not sustained at 6 months. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, though practical to implement in a clinical care setting and acceptable to a diverse participant group, our multicomponent intervention may not be universally necessary to achieve meaningful behavior changes around family beverage choice. A lower-intensity intervention, such as EHR-based clinical screening alone, might be a less resource-intense way for health systems to achieve similar behavioral outcomes. Future studies might therefore explore whether, instead of applying a full intervention to all families whose children overconsume SSB or FJ, a stepped approach, starting with clinical screening and brief counseling, could be a better use of health system resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina H Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jason P Block
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joseph A Skelton
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Marlene B Schwartz
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - James Krieger
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Healthy Food America, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Leah Rose Hindel
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Beatriz Ospino Sanchez
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jamie Zoellner
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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14
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Nantel A, Gingras V. Are Complementary Feeding Practices Aligned with Current Recommendations? A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050794. [PMID: 37238342 DOI: 10.3390/children10050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The complementary feeding introduction period (introduction of solid foods alongside breastmilk or formula) is defining in children's health; however, it appears that many parents do not follow complementary feeding guidelines. Our aim was to describe current parental feeding practices during complementary feeding in relation to current recommendations and explore determinants of adherence to guidelines. We included any relevant studies published within the last decade in French or English and summarized findings by recommendation category. The timing of complementary food introduction varied widely across and within continents (earlier in North America and often delayed in Asia). The introduction of allergenic foods tended to be delayed globally. Although some parents now begin complementary feeding with solid foods (i.e., baby-led weaning), delayed introduction of lumpy textures was still prevalent in the United States and in Europe. The consumption of iron-rich foods was predominantly low in Africa. Added sugars were globally introduced early, especially in America. Evidence for the prevalence of responsive feeding practices among parents is unclear due to the small number of studies. Determinants of complementary feeding practices included parental characteristics, such as age, education, socio-economic status, and race/ethnicity. Interventions aiming to increase adherence to complementary feeding guidelines must account for parental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Nantel
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Véronique Gingras
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
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15
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Brunacci KA, Salmon L, McCann J, Gribble K, Fleming CAK. The big squeeze: a product content and labelling analysis of ready-to-use complementary infant food pouches in Australia. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:656. [PMID: 37024884 PMCID: PMC10077707 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encouraging the early development of healthy eating habits prevents diet-related chronic disease. It is well understood that highly processed foods with high amounts of sugars, salt and fats are a risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Commercial baby foods in ready-to-use squeeze pouches emerged in the global food market around 2012. The long-term effects of this now ubiquitous packaging on the quality of infant diets, baby food consumption and marketing are unknown. This study aimed to conduct a rigorous mixed-methods audit of squeeze pouches in Australia to inform product regulation and policy. METHODS Nutritional and marketing data were sourced from products available in Australian retailers. Analysis of nutritional content, texture and packaging labelling and serving size was conducted. Pouches were given a Nutrition Profile Index (NPI) score and compared with the Australian Infant Feeding Guidelines. Marketing text was thematically analysed and compared to existing infant nutrition policy around regulation of marketing claims. RESULTS 276 products from 15 manufacturers were analysed, targeting infants from 4 + to 12 + months. Total sugar content ranged 0.8-17.5 g/100 g, 20% (n = 56) of products had added sugars, 17% (n = 46) had added fruit juice, 71% (n = 196) had added fruit puree. Saturated fat content ranged from 0.0 to 5.0 g/100 g, sodium 0.0-69 mg/100 g and dietary fibre 0.0-4.3 g/100 g. Only two products were nutritionally adequate according to a nutrient profiling tool. Marketing messages included ingredient premiumisation, nutrient absence claims, claims about infant development and health, good parenting, and convenience. Claims of 'no added sugar' were made for 59% of pouches, despite the addition of free sugars. CONCLUSIONS Squeeze pouch products available in Australia are nutritionally poor, high in sugars, not fortified with iron, and there is a clear risk of harm tothe health of infant and young children if these products are fed regularly. The marketing messages and labelling on squeeze pouches are misleading and do not support WHO or Australian NHMRC recommendations for breastfeeding or appropriate introduction of complementary foods and labelling of products. There is an urgent need for improved regulation of product composition, serving sizes and labelling to protect infants and young children aged 0-36 months and better inform parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn A Brunacci
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Libby Salmon
- School of Regulation and Global Governance, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Karleen Gribble
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catharine A K Fleming
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Vinoy S, Goletzke J, Rakhshandehroo M, Schweitzer L, Flourakis M, Körner A, Alexy U, van Schothorst EM, Ceriello A, Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Buyken A. Health relevance of lowering postprandial glycaemia in the paediatric population through diet': results from a multistakeholder workshop. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1093-1107. [PMID: 36534178 PMCID: PMC10030539 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To summarize current knowledge and gaps regarding the role of postprandial glycaemic response in the paediatric population, a workshop was organized in June 2021 by the European branch of the International Life Science Institute (ILSI). This virtual event comprised of talks given by experts followed by in-depth discussions in breakout sessions with workshop participants. The main pre-specified topics addressed by the workshop organizing committee to the invited speakers and the workshop participants were: (1) the role of glycaemic responses for paediatric health, based on mechanistic insights from animal and human data, and long-term evidence from observational and intervention studies in paediatric populations, and (2) changes in metabolism and changes in dietary needs from infancy to adolescence. Each talk as well as the discussions were summarised, including the main identified research gaps. The workshop led to the consensus on the crucial role on health of postprandial glycaemic response in paediatric population. However, a lack of scientific data has been identified regarding detailed glucose and insulin profiles in response to foods commonly consumed by paediatric populations, as well as a lack of long-term evidence including the need for suitable predictors during childhood and adolescence to anticipate health effects during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vinoy
- Mondelēz International, Nutrition Research, Clamart, France
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17
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Guedes D, Vaz Garrido M, Lamy E, Pereira Cavalheiro B, Prada M. Crossmodal interactions between audition and taste: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Food Qual Prefer 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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18
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Hinnouho G, Ferguson EL, MacDougall A, Kroeun H, Sophonneary P, Chea M, Pries AM. High consumption of unhealthy commercial foods and beverages tracks across the complementary feeding period in rural/peri-urban Cambodia. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2023; 19:e13485. [PMID: 36751966 PMCID: PMC10019055 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of unhealthy commercial foods and beverages (UCFB) is common among infants and young children living in low- and middle-income countries. Such foods can displace other nutritious foods, however, there is limited evidence on how this consumption tracks across time. This study assessed and tracked UCFB consumption of children living in rural/peri-urban Cambodia during the complementary feeding period, identified UCFB consumption patterns of these children, and explored the association between UCFB consumption and growth. A 6-month longitudinal cohort study was implemented among 567 caregivers of children aged 10-14 months at recruitment. UCFB consumption was estimated each month via a telephone-administered 7-day food frequency questionnaire, and UCFB consumption patterns were identified based on changes in this frequency of consumption over time. The majority of children either maintained (45.7%, n = 246) or developed (43.5%, n = 234) an unhealthy consumption pattern and only 10.8% (n = 58) of children maintained/transitioned into a healthy consumption pattern. High consumers of UCFB at 10-14 months had a 4.7 (CI: 4.7 [3.1-7.2]) times odds of being high consumers of UCFB at 15-19 months (p < 0.001). There was a trend of lower length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) among children maintaining or developing an unhealthy consumption pattern (~-0. SD LAZ) compared to children maintaining/transitioning into a healthy consumption pattern, however, this association was not statistically significant. Findings indicate that high UCFB consumption begins during infancy and tracks into early childhood. National policies and programmes centred on early interventions addressing the use of UCFB for infant and young child feeding are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hou Kroeun
- Helen Keller InternationalNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Mary Chea
- Ministry of HealthPhnom PenhCambodia
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19
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Guedes D, Prada M, Garrido MV, Lamy E. The taste & affect music database: Subjective rating norms for a new set of musical stimuli. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:1121-1140. [PMID: 35581438 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Music is a ubiquitous stimulus known to influence human affect, cognition, and behavior. In the context of eating behavior, music has been associated with food choice, intake and, more recently, taste perception. In the latter case, the literature has reported consistent patterns of association between auditory and gustatory attributes, suggesting that individuals reliably recognize taste attributes in musical stimuli. This study presents subjective norms for a new set of 100 instrumental music stimuli, including basic taste correspondences (sweetness, bitterness, saltiness, sourness), emotions (joy, anger, sadness, fear, surprise), familiarity, valence, and arousal. This stimulus set was evaluated by 329 individuals (83.3% women; Mage = 28.12, SD = 12.14), online (n = 246) and in the lab (n = 83). Each participant evaluated a random subsample of 25 soundtracks and responded to self-report measures of mood and taste preferences, as well as the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI). Each soundtrack was evaluated by 68 to 97 participants (Mdn = 83), and descriptive results (means, standard deviations, and confidence intervals) are available as supplemental material at osf.io/2cqa5 . Significant correlations between taste correspondences and emotional/affective dimensions were observed (e.g., between sweetness ratings and pleasant emotions). Sex, age, musical sophistication, and basic taste preferences presented few, small to medium associations with the evaluations of the stimuli. Overall, these results suggest that the new Taste & Affect Music Database is a relevant resource for research and intervention with musical stimuli in the context of crossmodal taste perception and other affective, cognitive, and behavioral domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Guedes
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal.
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.
| | - Marília Prada
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Elsa Lamy
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
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Henry DB, Pemberton AL, Rogers RR, Ballmann CG. A Matter of Taste: Roles of Taste Preference on Performance and Psychological Responses during Anaerobic Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3730. [PMID: 36834425 PMCID: PMC9964433 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Various tastes including sweet, bitter, and sour have been shown to differentially influence physiological and psychological processes. Furthermore, ingestion of bitter and sweet solutions has been shown to acutely enhance exercise performance. However, the taste is highly individualized, and it is unclear if preference influences the ergogenic potential of taste. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of preferred and non-preferred drink tastes on anaerobic performance and psychological responses thereof. Physically active females participated in two counterbalanced sprint trials each with a different condition: (1) non-preferred taste (NPT), (2) Preferred taste (PT). Participants self-reported taste preferences (sweet, sour, bitter) with the highest-ranked taste being used for the PT condition and the lowest-ranked for NPT. For each visit, participants completed a 15 s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) prior to (PRE) ingestion of ~20 mL of their NP or PREF taste. Following ingestion, participants completed 2 min of active recovery, rated their taste preference of the solution, and completed another 15 s WAnT. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE), motivation, and enjoyment were measured through a visual analog scale following each WAnT. Anaerobic performance measures and heart rate (HR) were also obtained at the succession of each WAnT. Findings revealed no differences between taste conditions for mean power (p = 0.455), peak power (p = 0.824), or HR (p = 0.847). RPE was significantly lower with PT versus NPT (p = 0.006). Exercise enjoyment (p = 0.022) was higher with PT compared to NPT. NPT resulted in worse motivation compared to PRE (p = 0.001) while no changes were observed between PT and PRE (p = 0.197). These findings suggest that preferred drink taste may not enhance acute performance but improves psychological responses to maximal anaerobic exercise which may have implications for improving exercise training and adherence.
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Schiff HC, Kogan JF, Isaac M, Czarnecki LA, Fontanini A, Maffei A. Experience-dependent plasticity of gustatory insular cortex circuits and taste preferences. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade6561. [PMID: 36630501 PMCID: PMC9833665 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade6561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Early experience with food influences taste preference in adulthood. How gustatory experience influences development of taste preferences and refinement of cortical circuits has not been investigated. Here, we exposed weanling mice to an array of taste solutions and determined the effects on the preference for sweet in adulthood. We demonstrate an experience-dependent shift in sucrose preference persisting several weeks following the termination of exposure. A shift in sucrose palatability, altered neural responsiveness to sucrose, and inhibitory synaptic plasticity in the gustatory portion of the insular cortex (GC) were also induced. The modulation of sweet preference occurred within a restricted developmental window, but restoration of the capacity for inhibitory plasticity in adult GC reactivated the sensitivity of sucrose preference to taste experience. Our results establish a fundamental link between gustatory experience, sweet preference, inhibitory plasticity, and cortical circuit function and highlight the importance of early life nutrition in setting taste preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary C. Schiff
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Joshua F. Kogan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Maria Isaac
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Alfredo Fontanini
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Arianna Maffei
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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22
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Prenatal Caffeine Exposure Is Linked to Elevated Sugar Intake and BMI, Altered Reward Sensitivity, and Aberrant Insular Thickness in Adolescents: An ABCD Investigation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214643. [PMID: 36364905 PMCID: PMC9658384 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) has been positively associated with elevated body mass index (BMI) in children. Why this association occurs is unclear, but it is possible that PCE alters the in utero development of brain structures associated with food preference, leading to more total sugar intake (TSI, grams) later in childhood. To test this hypothesis, we investigated if PCE (daily/weekly/<weekly vs. no exposure) and elevated BMI are associated with increased TSI, neural activation during large reward anticipation (monetary incentive delay task—functional MRI) and structural changes (thickness, mm) in taste processing regions of children (n = 5534; 9−11 years) from the large-scale Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Linear mixed-effect models, after covariate adjustments, identified a positive association (p < 0.05, all |βs| > 0.01) of excessive PCE (vs. no exposure) with elevated BMI (daily/weekly/daily limit; consistent in boys and girls), increased TSI (daily) and insular thickness (daily/weekly), as well as low middle frontal cortex (MFC) activation (daily). Our sub-analysis revealed an association of daily/weekly PCE (vs. no exposure) with increased gram sugar intake from soft drinks. We also identified a positive relationship of excessive PCE with elevated TSI and increased insular thickness (a key gustatory region), while in a Sobel test, reward sensitivity (reduced brain reactivity to reward anticipation in MFC; tracks reward outcomes) mediated (Test statistic = 2.23; p = 0.02) the PCE-linked BMI changes in adolescents. Our findings suggest that excessive PCE might be detrimental to frontal lobe development and altered reward sensitivity to food, thereby increasing risk for elevated TSI and obesity. Our results support recommendations to limit caffeine intake during pregnancy.
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Anderson CE, Whaley SE, Goran MI. Lactose-reduced infant formula with corn syrup solids and obesity risk among participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1002-1009. [PMID: 35998087 PMCID: PMC10157812 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), a federal nutrition assistance program supporting low-income families, serves half of United States-born infants, most of whom are issued infant formula by age 2 mo. Obesity prevalence is high among children of low-income households, particularly formula-fed children. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine whether glucose-based lactose-reduced infant formula made with corn syrup solids (CSSF) is associated with increased obesity risk compared with non-CSSFs that are lactose based. DESIGN WIC administrative data on infant formula issuance and child weights and lengths were collected prospectively in Southern California between 2012 and 2020. Included children stopped breastfeeding by 3 mo, were issued cow's milk-based formula through 12 mo, and were enrolled through the final year of WIC eligibility at age 4 y ( n = 15,246). CSSF issuance was assessed continuously (range 0-13 mo) and dichotomously (any, none). Poisson and linear risk regression with robust SE estimates generated risk ratios (RRs), risk differences, and CIs for child obesity [BMI for age (in kg/m 2) ≥95th percentile]. RESULTS Any CSSF was issued to 23% of children, and 25% were obese at age 4 y. Children with any CSSF issuance had 10% higher obesity risk (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.20) than children with no CSSF issuance at age 2 y. Associations remained significant through age 4 y (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01,1.14), independent of maternal weight status, total formula issued and breastfeeding duration, and were not modified by child race or sex. Obesity risk increased with additional mo of CSSF exposure, reaching 16% higher risk (RR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.28) at age 2 y for children with 12 mo of CSSF. CONCLUSIONS CSSF issuance is associated with increased obesity risk in the first 5 y life in a dose dependent manner, independently of maternal weight status, breastfeeding duration, and total formula issuance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Anderson
- Division of Research and Evaluation, Public Health Foundation Enterprises (PHFE) WIC, a program of Heluna Health, Irwindale, CA, USA
| | - Shannon E Whaley
- Division of Research and Evaluation, Public Health Foundation Enterprises (PHFE) WIC, a program of Heluna Health, Irwindale, CA, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Spence C. Odour hedonics and the ubiquitous appeal of vanilla. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:837-846. [PMID: 37117893 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Our food choices and consumption behaviours are often influenced by odour hedonics, especially in the case of those orthonasally experienced aromas (that is, those odours that are food-related). The origins of odour hedonics remain one of the most intriguing puzzles in olfactory science and, over the years, several fundamentally different accounts have been put forwards to try and explain the varying hedonic responses that people have to a wide range of odorants. Associative learning, innate and molecular accounts of odour pleasantness have all been suggested. Here the origins of the hedonic response to vanilla, which is one of the most liked smells cross-culturally, are explored. The history of vanilla's use in food and medicine is outlined, with a focus on its neurocognitive appeal. While vanilla is one of the most widely liked aromas, it is also rated as smelling sweet to most people. Food scientists are becoming increasingly interested in the possibility that such 'sweet smells' could be used to help maintain the sweetness of commercial food products while, at the same time, reducing the use of calorific sweeteners. Such an approach is likely to be facilitated by the low cost of artificial vanilla flavouring (when compared with the high and fluctuating price of natural vanilla pods).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Spence
- Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
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25
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Romeo-Arroyo E, Soria J, Mora M, Laport F, Moreno-Fernandez-de-Leceta A, Vázquez-Araújo L. Exploratory Research on Sweetness Perception: Decision Trees to Study Electroencephalographic Data and Its Relationship with the Explicit Response to Sweet Odor, Taste, and Flavor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6787. [PMID: 36146136 PMCID: PMC9504051 DOI: 10.3390/s22186787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using implicit responses to determine consumers' response to different stimuli is becoming a popular approach, but research is still needed to understand the outputs of the different technologies used to collect data. During the present research, electroencephalography (EEG) responses and self-reported liking and emotions were collected on different stimuli (odor, taste, flavor samples) to better understand sweetness perception. Artificial intelligence analytics were used to classify the implicit responses, identifying decision trees to discriminate the stimuli by activated sensory system (odor/taste/flavor) and by nature of the stimuli ('sweet' vs. 'non-sweet' odors; 'sweet-taste', 'sweet-flavor', and 'non-sweet flavor'; and 'sweet stimuli' vs. 'non-sweet stimuli'). Significant differences were found among self-reported-liking of the stimuli and the emotions elicited by the stimuli, but no clear relationship was identified between explicit and implicit data. The present research sums interesting data for the EEG-linked research as well as for EEG data analysis, although much is still unknown about how to properly exploit implicit measurement technologies and their data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Romeo-Arroyo
- BCC Innovation, Technology Center in Gastronomy, Basque Culinary Center, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Culinary Center, Faculty of Gastronomic Sciences, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Javier Soria
- i3B, Ibermática Institute of Innovation, Gipuzkoa Technology Park, Paseo Mikeletegi, 5, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María Mora
- BCC Innovation, Technology Center in Gastronomy, Basque Culinary Center, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Culinary Center, Faculty of Gastronomic Sciences, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francisco Laport
- CITIC Research Center, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Laura Vázquez-Araújo
- BCC Innovation, Technology Center in Gastronomy, Basque Culinary Center, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Culinary Center, Faculty of Gastronomic Sciences, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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26
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Delahunt A, Conway MC, Callaghan SL, Brien EC, Geraghty AA, Reilly SL, McDonnell CM, Mehegan J, McAuliffe FM. Maternal dietary quality during pregnancy and child appetitive traits at 5-years-old: Findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study. Appetite 2022; 179:106291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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27
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Jilani H, Intemann T, Buchecker K, Charalambos H, Gianfagna F, De Henauw S, Lauria F, Molnar D, Moreno LA, Lissner L, Pala V, Siani A, Veidebaum T, Ahrens W, Hebestreit A. Correlates of bitter, sweet, salty and umami taste sensitivity in European children: Role of sex, age and weight status - The IDEFICS study. Appetite 2022; 175:106088. [PMID: 35597371 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to describe differences in taste sensitivity in children according to age across 7- to 11-year-old children from eight European countries. We further compared taste sensitivity between boys vs. girls and under-/normal weight vs. overweight/obese children. Within the European multicentre IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study, 1938 school children participated in sweet, bitter, salty and umami detection threshold tests between 2007 and 2010, using the paired comparison staircase method. The lowest concentration at which the child was able to detect a difference to water was determined as taste detection threshold as a proxy of taste sensitivity. Mean taste thresholds were calculated stratified for sex, age groups, weight groups and country. BMI was calculated using measured height and weight; socio-demographic information was collected using questionnaires. Ordinal logistic regressions were conducted to investigate the association between sex, weight status (as categorical exposure variable) and age (as continuous exposure variable) and the taste sensitivity for the four taste modalities (as outcome), separately. Older children were more taste sensitive for sweet and salty and less taste sensitive for umami and bitter than younger children. Girls were more sensitive to sweet taste than boys. Overweight or obese children were less sensitive to sweet and salty taste compared to normal weight children This was the first study comparing taste sensitivity by measuring taste thresholds in children across different European countries. We conclude that taste thresholds are associated with weight status, children become more sensitive to sweet and salty tastes with increasing age, and girls might be more sensitive to sweet than boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jilani
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Science - IPP, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Timm Intemann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy; EPIMED Research Centre - Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Dénes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfonso Siani
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
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Consumer Motives for Choosing Fruit and Cereal Bars—Differences Due to Consumer Lifestyles, Attitudes toward the Product, and Expectations. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132710. [PMID: 35807890 PMCID: PMC9268435 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and cereal bars are the response to the changing needs of consumers seeking health-promoting and convenient products. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) method, with 1034 respondents consuming products of this kind. The aims of the study were (1) to identify consumer segments based on the importance they attached to the selected attributes of fruit and cereal bars and (2) to characterize the identified segments in terms of frequency and reasons for the consumption of fruit and cereal bars, views on their impact on health, and consumer behavior related to the selected lifestyle elements. Five distinct consumer clusters were identified. Involved and Health-oriented were more likely to consume bars, perceiving them as nutritious products, with a positive impact on health. Frugal and Visual consumed fruit and cereal bars the least frequently. They paid little attention to choosing healthier products in daily diet and physical activity. The Information seekers consumed bars to reduce stress and to improve their mood.
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29
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Asseo K, Niv MY. Harnessing Food Product Reviews for Personalizing Sweetness Levels. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131872. [PMID: 35804694 PMCID: PMC9266276 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet taste is innately appealing, ensuring that mammals are attracted to the sweetness of mother’s milk and other sources of carbohydrates and calories. In the modern world, the availability of sugars and sweeteners and the eagerness of the food industry to maximize palatability, result in an abundance of sweet food products, which poses a major health challenge. The aim of the current study is to analyze sweetness levels, liking, and ingredients of online reviews of food products, in order to obtain insights into sensory nutrition and to identify new opportunities for reconciling the palatability–healthiness tension. We collected over 200,000 reviews of ~30,000 products on Amazon dated from 2002 to 2012 and ~350,000 reviews of ~2400 products on iHerb from 2006 to 2021. The reviews were classified and analyzed using manual curation, natural language processing, and machine learning. In total, ~32,000 (Amazon) and ~29,000 (iHerb) of these reviews mention sweetness, with 2200 and 4600 reviews referring to the purchased products as oversweet. Oversweet reviews were dispersed among consumers. Products that included sucralose had more oversweet reviews than average. 26 products had at least 50 reviews for which at least 10% were oversweet. For these products, the average liking by consumers reporting oversweetness was significantly lower (by 0.9 stars on average on a 1 to 5 stars scale) than by the rest of the consumers. In summary, oversweetness appears in 7–16% of the sweetness-related reviews and is less liked, which suggests an opportunity for customized products with reduced sweetness. These products will be simultaneously healthier and tastier for a substantial subgroup of customers and will benefit the manufacturer by expanding the products’ target audience. Analysis of consumers’ reviews of marketed food products offers new ways to obtain informative sensory data.
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30
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Fischer L, Bodrick N, Mackey ER, McClenny A, Dazelle W, McCarron K, Mork T, Farmer N, Haemer M, Essel K. Feasibility of a Home-Delivery Produce Prescription Program to Address Food Insecurity and Diet Quality in Adults and Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102006. [PMID: 35631144 PMCID: PMC9144615 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Produce prescription programs aim to improve food insecurity (FI) and nutrition but their effectiveness is unclear. We conducted a pilot study to demonstrate the feasibility and explore the potential impact of a family-based, home-delivery produce prescription and nutrition education program. We measured enrollment, satisfaction, participation, and retention as measure of feasibility. Adult participants answered pre-post self-report questionnaires assessing FI, child and adult fruit and vegetable intake, and culinary literacy and self-efficacy. To understand participants' lived experiences, qualitative interviews were conducted at the 6-month time point. Twenty-five families were enrolled. Feasibility measures indicate participants were generally satisfied with the program but there were important barriers to participation. Qualitative data revealed themes around reduced food hardship, healthy eating, budget flexibility, and family bonding. Fruit and vegetable consumption increased in a small subgroup of children, but post-intervention intake remained below recommended levels, particularly for vegetables. FI scores were not significantly different post-intervention, but qualitative findings indicated improved access and reliability of food. This is the first intervention of its kind to be evaluated for feasibility and our results suggest the intervention is well-received and supportive. However, further study, with a larger sample size, is needed to understand factors influencing participation and assess effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fischer
- Department of General and Community Pediatrics, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (L.F.); (N.B.)
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.R.M.); (W.D.)
| | - Nia Bodrick
- Department of General and Community Pediatrics, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (L.F.); (N.B.)
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.R.M.); (W.D.)
| | - Eleanor R. Mackey
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.R.M.); (W.D.)
- Center for Translational Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | | | - Wayde Dazelle
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.R.M.); (W.D.)
| | - Kristy McCarron
- YMCA of Metropolitan Washington, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (K.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Tessa Mork
- YMCA of Metropolitan Washington, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (K.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Nicole Farmer
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Matthew Haemer
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80121, USA;
| | - Kofi Essel
- Department of General and Community Pediatrics, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (L.F.); (N.B.)
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.R.M.); (W.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-994-0275
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Cáceres P, Juretić N, Segovia L, Rivera C. Exploration of Taste and Preferences for Primary Flavors, Flavor Combinations, Aromatic Flavors and Ethnic Flavors: An Approach to the Acceptability of Culinary Diversity in Chile. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2057886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cáceres
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nevenka Juretić
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luna Segovia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Rivera
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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32
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Sweetness of Chilean Infants' Diets: Methodology and Description. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071447. [PMID: 35406060 PMCID: PMC9003557 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugars and other sweeteners contribute to the sweet taste of foods; exposure to this taste could alter appetite regulation and preferences for sweet products. Despite this, there is no widely accepted methodology for estimating overall diet sweetness. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to estimate diet sweetness and describe diet sweetness in a cohort of Chilean infants. In order to estimate diet sweetness density, the sweetness intensity of foods was obtained from existing databases and from sensory evaluations in products with no available information and then linked to 24-h dietary recalls of infants at 12 and 36 months of age. Diet sweetness density was significantly and positively associated with total sugars and non-nutritive sweeteners intakes. The main food sources of sweetness at 12 months were fruits (27%) and beverages (19%). Sweetness density increased 40% between 12 and 36 months (from 1196 to 1673, p < 0.01), and sweetness density at both ages was significantly associated. At 36 months, beverages and dairy products were the main sources of sweetness (representing 32.2% and 28.6%, respectively). The methodology presented here to estimate the sweetness density of the diet could be useful for other studies to help elucidate different effects of exposure to high sweetness.
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33
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Otterbring T, Rolschau K, Furrebøe EF, Nyhus EK. Crossmodal correspondences between typefaces and food preferences drive congruent choices but not among young consumers. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fuchs-Neuhold B, Staubmann W, Peterseil M, Rath A, Schweighofer N, Kronberger A, Riederer M, van der Kleyn M, Martin J, Hörmann-Wallner M, Waldner I, Konrad M, Aufschnaiter AL, Siegmund B, Berghold A, Holasek S, Pail E. Investigating New Sensory Methods Related to Taste Sensitivity, Preferences and Diet of Mother-Infant Pairs and its Relationship to Body Composition and Biomarkers: Protocol for an Explorative Study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e37279. [PMID: 35475790 PMCID: PMC9096638 DOI: 10.2196/37279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early experiences with different flavors play an important role in infant development, including food and taste acceptance. Flavors are already perceived in utero with the development of the taste and olfactory system and are passed on to the child through breast and bottle feeding. Therefore, the first 1000 days of life are considered a critical window for infant developmental programming. Objective The objective of our study is to investigate, both in the prenatal and postnatal period, taste sensitivity, preferences, and dietary diversity of mother-infant pairs. The explorative study design will also report on the impact of these variables on body composition (BC) and biomarkers. In contrast to conventional methods, this study involves long-term follow-up data collection from mother-infant pairs; moreover, the integration of audiovisual tools for recording infants' expressions pertaining to taste stimuli is a novelty of this study. Considering these new methodological approaches, the study aims to assess taste-related data in conjunction with BC parameters like fat-free mass or fat mass, biomarkers, and nutritional intake in infants and children. Methods Healthy pregnant women aged between 18 and 50 years (BMI≥18.5 kg/m2 to ≤30 kg/m2; <28 weeks of gestation) were recruited from January 2014 to October 2014. The explorative design implies 2 center visits during pregnancy (24-28 weeks of gestation and 32-34 weeks of gestation) and 2 center visits after delivery (6-8 weeks postpartum and 14-16 weeks postpartum) as well as follow-up visits at 1, 3-3.5, and 6 years after delivery. Data collection encompasses anthropometric and biochemical measurements as well as BC analyses with air displacement plethysmography, taste perception assessments, and multicomponent questionnaires on demographics, feeding practices, and nutritional and lifestyle behaviors. Audiovisual data from infants’ reactions to sensory stimuli are collected and coded by trained staff using Baby Facial Action Coding and the Body Action Posture System. Birth outcomes and weight development are obtained from medical records, and additional qualitative data are gathered from 24 semistructured interviews. Results Our cohort represents a homogenous group of healthy women with stringent exclusion criteria. A total of 54 women met the eligibility criteria, whereas 47 mother-child pairs completed data collection at 4 center visits during and after pregnancy. Follow-up phases, data analyses, and dissemination of the findings are scheduled for the end of 2023. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Medical University of Graz (EC No 26–066 ex 13/14), and all participants provided informed consent. Conclusions The results of this study could be useful for elucidating the connections between maternal and infant statuses regarding diet, taste, biomarkers, and prenatal and postnatal weight development. This study may also be relevant to the establishment of further diagnostic and interventional strategies targeting childhood obesity and early body fat development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/37279
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Fuchs-Neuhold
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Staubmann
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Marie Peterseil
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Rath
- Institute of Midwifery, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Natascha Schweighofer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anika Kronberger
- Institute of Design and Communication, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Riederer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Moenie van der Kleyn
- Institute of Midwifery, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Jochen Martin
- Institute of Design and Communication, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlies Hörmann-Wallner
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Irmgard Waldner
- Institute of Midwifery, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Manuela Konrad
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Lena Aufschnaiter
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Siegmund
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Pail
- Health Perception Lab, Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, FH JOANNEUM GmbH - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
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Rosinger AY. Using Water Intake Dietary Recall Data to Provide a Window into US Water Insecurity. J Nutr 2022; 152:1263-1273. [PMID: 35102375 PMCID: PMC9071280 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, problems with the provision of safe, affordable water have resulted in an increasing number of adults who avoid their tap water, which could indicate underlying water insecurity. Dietary recalls provide critical nutritional surveillance data, yet have been underexplored as a water insecurity monitoring tool. OBJECTIVES This article aims to demonstrate how water intake variables from dietary recall data relate to and predict a key water insecurity proxy, that is, tap water avoidance. METHODS Using 2005-2018 NHANES data from 32,329 adults, I examine distributions and trends of mean intakes of total, plain (sum of tap and bottled water), tap, and bottled water, and percentage consuming no tap and exclusive bottled water. Second, I use multiple linear and logistic regressions to test how tap water avoidance relates to plain water intake and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Next, I use receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves to test the predictive accuracy of no plain water, no tap, and exclusive bottled water intake, and varying percentages of plain water consumed from tap water compared with tap water avoidance. RESULTS Trends indicate increasing plain water intake between 2005 and 2018, driven by increasing bottled water intake. In 2017-18, 51.4% of adults did not drink tap water on a given day, whereas 35.8% exclusively consumed bottled water. Adults who avoided their tap water consumed less tap and plain water, and significantly more bottled water and SSBs on a given day. No tap intake and categories of tap water intake produced 77% and 78% areas under the ROC curve in predicting tap water avoidance. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that water intake variables from dietary recalls can be used to accurately predict tap water avoidance and provide a window into water insecurity. Growing reliance on bottled water could indicate increasing concerns about tap water.
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Wolgamuth E, Yusuf S, Hussein A, Pasqualone A. A survey of laxoox/canjeero, a traditional Somali flatbread: production styles. JOURNAL OF ETHNIC FOODS 2022; 9:22. [PMCID: PMC9210053 DOI: 10.1186/s42779-022-00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Flatbreads are traditional food products of ancient origin, still produced and appreciated in their original locations and beyond, having spread through historical and modern migration. While the history and preparation of Somali flatbread, known as canjeero in southern regions and laxoox in northern regions, has been shared orally for generations among the women who cook it at home, it has not been the object of scientific studies. An in-field study was therefore carried out in various cities in Somalia, Somaliland, and Ethiopia’s Somali State to document the formulation, production methods, and consumption patterns of this Somali flatbread. Laxoox /canjeero production was found to be relatively homogenous, but the data revealed two significant divergences: in bread formulation and in the procedure for structure development. These divergences result from disparities in the mechanization of bread production between rural and urban, and from the destruction of infrastructure, including food processing machines in public markets, leading up to the Somali civil war. An original framework of four production styles (“heritage,” “new heritage,” “innovative,” and “global”) illustrates these divergences in detail. Heritage production is linked to the historic era of nomadic Somali pastoralism, while the other three styles originated in civil conflict and continue today.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonella Pasqualone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), Food Science and Technology Unit, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Brussels Institute of Advanced Studies (BrIAS), Fellow 2021/22, Brussels, Belgium
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Fernández-Carrión R, Sorlí JV, Coltell O, Pascual EC, Ortega-Azorín C, Barragán R, Giménez-Alba IM, Alvarez-Sala A, Fitó M, Ordovas JM, Corella D. Sweet Taste Preference: Relationships with Other Tastes, Liking for Sugary Foods and Exploratory Genome-Wide Association Analysis in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010079. [PMID: 35052758 PMCID: PMC8772854 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste perception and its association with nutrition and related diseases (type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular, etc.) are emerging fields of biomedicine. There is currently great interest in investigating the environmental and genetic factors that influence sweet taste and sugary food preferences for personalized nutrition. Our aims were: (1) to carry out an integrated analysis of the influence of sweet taste preference (both in isolation and in the context of other tastes) on the preference for sugary foods and its modulation by type 2 diabetes status; (2) as well as to explore new genetic factors associated with sweet taste preference. We studied 425 elderly white European subjects with metabolic syndrome and analyzed taste preference, taste perception, sugary-foods liking, biochemical and genetic markers. We found that type 2 diabetic subjects (38%) have a small, but statistically higher preference for sweet taste (p = 0.021) than non-diabetic subjects. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in preferences for the other tastes (bitter, salty, sour or umami) were detected. For taste perception, type 2 diabetic subjects have a slightly lower perception of all tastes (p = 0.026 for the combined “total taste score”), bitter taste being statistically lower (p = 0.023). We also carried out a principal component analysis (PCA), to identify latent variables related to preferences for the five tastes. We identified two factors with eigenvalues >1. Factor 2 was the one with the highest correlation with sweet taste preference. Sweet taste preference was strongly associated with a liking for sugary foods. In the exploratory SNP-based genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified some SNPs associated with sweet taste preference, both at the suggestive and at the genome-wide level, especially a lead SNP in the PTPRN2 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type N2) gene, whose minor allele was associated with a lower sweet taste preference. The PTPRN2 gene was also a top-ranked gene obtained in the gene-based exploratory GWAS analysis. In conclusion, sweet taste preference was strongly associated with sugary food liking in this population. Our exploratory GWAS identified an interesting candidate gene related with sweet taste preference, but more studies in other populations are required for personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Fernández-Carrión
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.F.-C.); (J.V.S.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (R.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (A.A.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Jose V. Sorlí
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.F.-C.); (J.V.S.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (R.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (A.A.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Oscar Coltell
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (M.F.)
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Eva C. Pascual
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.F.-C.); (J.V.S.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (R.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (A.A.-S.)
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorín
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.F.-C.); (J.V.S.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (R.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (A.A.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Rocío Barragán
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.F.-C.); (J.V.S.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (R.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (A.A.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (M.F.)
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ignacio M. Giménez-Alba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.F.-C.); (J.V.S.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (R.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (A.A.-S.)
| | - Andrea Alvarez-Sala
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.F.-C.); (J.V.S.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (R.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (A.A.-S.)
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (M.F.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Alimentación, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.F.-C.); (J.V.S.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (R.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (A.A.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-386-4800
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Mumena WA. Maternal Knowledge, Attitude and Practices toward Free Sugar and the Associations with Free Sugar Intake in Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:4403. [PMID: 34959955 PMCID: PMC8706702 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Research addressing factors related to free sugar (FS) consumption among children in Saudi Arabia is lacking. We aimed to evaluate maternal knowledge, attitude, and practices toward FS and the associations with children's intake of FS. This cross-sectional study included 424 Saudi children aged 6-12 years and their mothers. Data related to maternal knowledge, attitude, and practices were collected using an online survey. Data concerning children's habitual intake of FS were collected through phone interviews using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Limited knowledge on FS was observed among mothers of children [median 7.00 [interquartile range 6.00-8.00] out of 11.0. Maternal knowledge was not correlated with maternal attitude or practices toward FS. Maternal knowledge towards FS did not predict children's intake of FS, whereas maternal attitude and practices toward limiting the consumption of FS predicted lower intake of FS among Saudi children, particularly the FS consumed from solid food sources (B: -5.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): -9.79 to -1.66]) and (B: -6.85 [95% CI: -11.9 to -1.80]), respectively. Despite the limited knowledge pertaining to FS among mothers in Saudi Arabia, they were making efforts to limit their children's consumption of FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Abdullah Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
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Cheon E, Reister EJ, Hunter SR, Mattes RD. Finding the Sweet Spot: Measurement, Modification, and Application of Sweet Hedonics in Humans. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2358-2371. [PMID: 33957666 PMCID: PMC8634475 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweetness is a sensation that contributes to the palatability of foods, which is the primary driver of food choice. Thus, understanding how to measure the appeal (hedonics) of sweetness and how to modify it are key to effecting dietary change for health. Sweet hedonics is multidimensional so can only be captured by multiple approaches including assessment of elements such as liking, preference, and consumption intent. There are both innate and learned components to the appeal of sweet foods and beverages. These are responsive to various behavioral and biological factors, suggesting the opportunity to modify intake. Given the high amount of added sugar intake in the United States and recommendations from many groups to reduce this, further exploration of current hypothesized approaches to moderate sugar intake (e.g., induced hedonic shift, use of low-calorie sweeteners) is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cheon
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Evan J Reister
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Stephanie R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Richard D Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Kāle M, Šķilters J, Rikters M. Tracing multisensory food experiences on Twitter. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1386/ijfd_00030_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
How a food, or a dish, is named and how its components and attributes are described can all influence the perception and the enjoyment of the food. Therefore, tracing patterns in food descriptions and determining their role can be of value. The aims of this study were the following:
(1) to describe the multisensory food experience as represented in microblog entries concerning food and drink on Twitter, (2) to provide an overview of the changes in the above-mentioned food representations during the period 2011‐20, and (3) to contribute to a broader understanding
of the human‐food relationship as reflected on social media ‐ in this case Twitter ‐ and outline its potential utility for the research field of gastrophysics. The combinations of various multisensory attributes co-occurring in a tweet (which we term ‘collocations’)
found in the Twitter corpus were examined through the categories of texture, colour, taste, smell/odour, shape and sound. We mapped the collocations of the 20‐25 most frequently mentioned food items and their multisensory experience pairings over time. Such time-based knowledge led
to a better understanding of the multisensory experience triggers as reflected on Twitter. By analysing the multisensory experience’s frequency of occurrence, we could conclude that the category of colour is the dominant one, while textural, olfactory and auditory collocations with food
are rare. In most of the cases, food tweets appear to render a food experience ‘tasty’, ‘good’ and ‘interesting’.
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Pagliarini E, Proserpio C, Spinelli S, Lavelli V, Laureati M, Arena E, Di Monaco R, Menghi L, Gallina Toschi T, Braghieri A, Torri L, Monteleone E, Dinnella C. The role of sour and bitter perception in liking, familiarity and choice for phenol-rich plant-based foods. Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Duffy EW, Taillie LS, Richter APC, Higgins ICA, Harris JL, Hall MG. Toddler milk perceptions and purchases: the role of Latino ethnicity. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2911-2919. [PMID: 33472718 PMCID: PMC8255274 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Toddler milk (i.e. a nutrient-fortified milk-based drink marketed for children 12-36 months old) is increasingly being marketed in the USA despite not being recommended for young children. There is evidence of targeted toddler milk marketing to Latinos in the USA. This study aimed to explore toddler milk perceptions and behaviours among Latino and non-Latino parents. DESIGN An online survey assessed toddler milk perceptions, behaviours and interpretations of nutrition-related claims. Multivariable logistic and linear regression explored socio-demographic correlates of parent reported past purchases and perceived healthfulness. SETTING Online. PARTICIPANTS National convenience sample of 1078 US parents of children aged 2-12 years (48 % Latino). RESULTS About half of parents (51 %) had previously purchased toddler milk and few (11 %) perceived toddler milk as unhealthy. Latino parents were more likely to have purchased toddler milk than non-Latino parents (P < 0·001), but there were no differences in perceived product healthfulness (P = 0·47). Compared to parents born in the USA, parents living in the USA 10 years or less were more likely to have purchased toddler milk (P < 0·001) and perceive toddler milk as healthier (P = 0·002). Open-ended interpretations of claims were primarily positive, suggesting 'health halo' effects. CONCLUSIONS Common misperceptions about toddler milk healthfulness suggest stronger labelling regulations are needed. Greater reported purchases by Latino parents and recent immigrants warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Duffy
- Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ana Paula C Richter
- Department of Health Behavior and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 123 W. Franklin St., Suite 210, Chapel Hill, NC27516, USA
| | - Isabella CA Higgins
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L Harris
- University of Connecticut Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Marissa G Hall
- Department of Health Behavior and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 123 W. Franklin St., Suite 210, Chapel Hill, NC27516, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, CB #7295, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
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von Molitor E, Riedel K, Krohn M, Hafner M, Rudolf R, Cesetti T. Sweet Taste Is Complex: Signaling Cascades and Circuits Involved in Sweet Sensation. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:667709. [PMID: 34239428 PMCID: PMC8258107 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.667709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweetness is the preferred taste of humans and many animals, likely because sugars are a primary source of energy. In many mammals, sweet compounds are sensed in the tongue by the gustatory organ, the taste buds. Here, a group of taste bud cells expresses a canonical sweet taste receptor, whose activation induces Ca2+ rise, cell depolarization and ATP release to communicate with afferent gustatory nerves. The discovery of the sweet taste receptor, 20 years ago, was a milestone in the understanding of sweet signal transduction and is described here from a historical perspective. Our review briefly summarizes the major findings of the canonical sweet taste pathway, and then focuses on molecular details, about the related downstream signaling, that are still elusive or have been neglected. In this context, we discuss evidence supporting the existence of an alternative pathway, independent of the sweet taste receptor, to sense sugars and its proposed role in glucose homeostasis. Further, given that sweet taste receptor expression has been reported in many other organs, the physiological role of these extraoral receptors is addressed. Finally, and along these lines, we expand on the multiple direct and indirect effects of sugars on the brain. In summary, the review tries to stimulate a comprehensive understanding of how sweet compounds signal to the brain upon taste bud cells activation, and how this gustatory process is integrated with gastro-intestinal sugar sensing to create a hedonic and metabolic representation of sugars, which finally drives our behavior. Understanding of this is indeed a crucial step in developing new strategies to prevent obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena von Molitor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hochschule Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hochschule Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hochschule Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiziana Cesetti
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hochschule Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Marília Prada, Saraiva M, Godinho CA, Tourais B, Cavalheiro BP, Garrido MV. Parental perceptions and practices regarding sugar intake by school-aged children: A qualitative study with Portuguese parents. Appetite 2021; 166:105471. [PMID: 34147567 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Excessive sugar intake is one of the factors contributing to the alarming rates of childhood obesity and overweight in Portugal. Children's preferences and food consumption patterns are largely determined by the foods that are more familiar to them. Parents and caregivers are responsible for shaping children's eating habits since they are the ones who choose the food available in the household. The present study explores parental perceptions about sugar and sugar intake and its consequences on children's health. Moreover, we also examined the practices that parents use to regulate their children's diet, namely, to promote the consumption of desired foods (e.g., vegetables) and limit the intake of undesired food (e.g., sweets), and the perceived barriers and facilitators of sugar intake regulation. To this end, 42 interviews were conducted with parents of school-aged children (ages 6-10 years). A thematic analysis revealed that parents perceive sugar as highly negative (e.g., "evil", "poison", "addiction") and its consumption as harmful (e.g., hyperactivity; overweight). Nonetheless, the view that sugary food consumption is not necessarily problematic was also common. Indeed, most parents considered that sugar intake should be regulated but not forbidden. To control the intake of sugary foods (e.g., sodas, cookies), they reported using strategies such as restriction, explanation, or negotiation. Several barriers to sugar intake regulation were identified (e.g., birthday parties, parents' lack of knowledge), but also a few facilitators (e.g., bringing food from home to school). Our findings may inform the development of interventions or policies to promote healthier eating habits in school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Prada
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Portugal.
| | - Magda Saraiva
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
| | - Cristina A Godinho
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CRC-W: Católica Research Centre for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Tourais
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
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Lim LS, Tang XH, Yang WY, Ong SH, Naumovski N, Jani R. Taste Sensitivity and Taste Preference among Malay Children Aged 7 to 12 Years in Kuala Lumpur-A Pilot Study. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:245-256. [PMID: 34069893 PMCID: PMC8162539 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The taste and food preferences in children can affect their food intake and body weight. Bitter and sweet taste sensitivities were identified as primary taste contributors to children's preference for consuming various foods. This pilot study aimed to determine the taste sensitivity and preference for bitter and sweet tastes in a sample of Malaysian children. A case-control study was conducted among 15 pairs of Malay children aged 7 to 12 years. Seven solutions at different concentrations of 6-n-propylthiouracil and sucrose were prepared for testing bitterness and sweet sensitivity, respectively. The intensity of both bitter and sweet sensitivity was measured using a 100 mm Labelled Magnitude Scale (LMS), while the taste preference was rated using a 5-point Likert scale. The participants were better at identifying bitter than sweet taste (median score 6/7 vs. 4/7). No significant differences were detected for both tastes between normal-weight and overweight groups (bitter: 350 vs. 413, p = 0.273; sweet: 154 vs. 263, p = 0.068), as well as in Likert readings (bitter 9 vs. 8: p = 0.490; sweet 22 vs. 22: p = 0.677). In this sample of Malay children, the participants were more sensitive to bitterness than sweetness, yet presented similar taste sensitivity and preference irrespective of their weight status. Future studies using whole food samples are warranted to better characterize potential taste sensitivity and preference in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ler Sheang Lim
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.L.); (X.H.T.); (S.H.O.)
| | - Xian Hui Tang
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.L.); (X.H.T.); (S.H.O.)
| | - Wai Yew Yang
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.L.); (X.H.T.); (S.H.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-327-317-579; Fax: +60-386-567-229
| | - Shu Hwa Ong
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.S.L.); (X.H.T.); (S.H.O.)
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (N.N.); (R.J.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Rati Jani
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (N.N.); (R.J.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
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Doan T, Friedman O, Denison S. Toddlers and Preschoolers Understand That Some Preferences Are More Subjective Than Others. Child Dev 2021; 92:853-861. [PMID: 33969897 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four experiments examined Canadian 2- to 3-year-old children's (N = 224; 104 girls, 120 boys) thoughts about shared preferences. Children saw sets of items, and identified theirs and another person's preferences. Children expected that food preferences would be more likely to be shared than color preferences, regardless of whether the items were similar or different in appeal (Experiments 1-3). A final study replicated these findings while also exploring children's expectations about activity and animal preferences. Across all studies, children expected shared preferences at surprisingly low rates (never higher than chance). Overall, these findings suggest that young children understand that some preferences are more subjective than others, and that these expectations are driven by beliefs about domains of preferences.
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Age and time trends of dairy intake among children and adolescents of the DONALD study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3861-3872. [PMID: 33881583 PMCID: PMC8437911 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To describe age and time trends in dietary intake of Total Dairy (TD) (g/1000 kcal Total Energy Intake) and types of dairy (weight percent of total dairy intake, w%TD) represented as Low Fat Dairy (LFD), High Sugar Dairy (HSD), Fermented Dairy (FD) and Liquid Dairy (LD) among children and adolescents in Germany. Methods Overall, 10,333 3-day dietary records kept between 1985 and 2019 by 1275 DONALD participants (3.5–18.5 years; boys: 50.8%) were analyzed using polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Results TD intake decreased with age (♂: linear trend p < 0.0001; ♀: linear and quadratic trend p < 0.0001), whereas FD (♀: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.02) increased slightly in girls. HSD (♂: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.004; ♀: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.005) and LD (linear, quadratic trend p ≤ 0.0002) decreased with age. In terms of time trends, TD intake decreased in the last three decades, especially since 1995 (quadratic trend for ♂ 0.0007 and ♀ p = 0.004). LFD intake increased until 2010 and decreased thereafter (linear, quadratic, cubic trend p < 0.0001). HSD decreased until 1995, then increased until 2010 and decreased again afterwards (♂: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.001; ♀: linear, quadratic, cubic trend p ≤ 0.003). While FD intake increased linear (in both ♂ and ♀: p < 0.0001), LD intake decreased (linear, quadratic trend p ≤ 0.03). Conclusion Our results showed changes in dairy consumption patterns among children and adolescents over the past three decades, demonstrating a decrease in TD intake with age and time, and a shift from liquid to solid dairy products with a simultaneous increase in fermented dairy products, while LFD and HSD fluctuated over time. Further evaluations will examine the health significance of these consumption patterns. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02555-7.
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Sex- and weight-specific changes in the frequency of sweet treat consumption during early adolescence: a longitudinal study. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1592-1600. [PMID: 33787473 PMCID: PMC8524426 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The transition from childhood to adolescence is a sensitive period, triggering changes in health- and weight-related behaviours including eating habits which likely vary between girls and boys. We aimed to characterise the changes in the frequency of consumption of select sugary foods and drinks ('sweet treats') among 4237 Finnish girls and boys during a 2-year follow-up period. Additionally, we examined four subgroups: children whose weight or waist normalised as well as children whose weight or waist circumference increased during follow-up. An FFQ was completed at 11·1 (sd 0·9) and again at 13·4 (sd 1·1) years of age. A sum variable sweet treat index (STI, range 0-84) captured the weekly consumption frequencies of sweet treats. From baseline to follow-up, the mean STI decreased among girls from 7·1 (95 % CI 6·9, 7·3) to 6·0 (95 % CI 5·9, 6·2) (P < 0·001) and boys from 8·5 (95 % CI 8·3, 8·8) to 7·8 (95 % CI 7·6, 7·8) (P < 0·001), although both sexes increased their chocolate/sweets consumption: girls from 1·3 (95 % CI 1·3, 1·4) to 1·6 (95 % CI 1·5, 1·6) (P < 0·001) and boys from 1·4 (95 % CI 1·3, 1·4) to 1·6 (95 % CI 1·6, 1·7) (P < 0·001), and boys increased their soft drink consumption from 1·4 (95 % CI 1·3, 1·4) to 1·5 (95 % CI 1·4, 1·5) (P = 0·020). We found similar decreases in both the weight and waist subgroups. To conclude, the total frequency of consumption of sweet treats decreased during early adolescence. A similar trend across subgroups suggests that the frequency of consumption of sweet treats is unrelated to becoming overweight.
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Lutter CK, Grummer-Strawn L, Rogers L. Complementary feeding of infants and young children 6 to 23 months of age. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:825-846. [PMID: 33684940 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary feeding, when foods are introduced to complement a milk-based diet, generally occurs between 6 and 23 months of age. It is a critical period for both physical and cognitive development. During this period, the growth rate of the brain is one of the fastest during the life span and, consequently, the timing, dose, and duration of exposure to specific nutrients can result in both positive and negative effects. Complementary feeding is more than ensuring an adequate intake of nutrients; it also is about avoiding excess intakes of calories, salt, sugars, and unhealthy fats. Meals are cultural and social events where young children observe, imitate, learn about foods to like or dislike, and form lifelong eating habits and practices. Meals are also when a child learns to touch foods and connect food tastes to how foods look and feel. Ideally, complementary feeding is responsive and promotes child autonomy, but it can also be used to manage behavior problems or overly indulge a child, resulting in long-term consequences for nutrition and health. Therefore, in addition to what a child is fed, attention to how a child is fed is also important. In this review, 12 topics relevant for updating global guidance on complementary feeding were identified: age of introduction of complementary foods; continued breastfeeding; responsive feeding; safe preparation and storage of complementary foods; food textures, flavors, and acceptance; energy and meal and snack frequency; fats, protein, and carbohydrates; dietary diversity; milks other than breast milk; fluid needs; unhealthy foods and beverages; and use of vitamin and mineral supplements or supplementary foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chessa K Lutter
- Division of Food Security and Agriculture, RTI International, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Lisa Rogers
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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