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Bays HE. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. OBESITY PILLARS 2024; 10:100108. [PMID: 38706496 PMCID: PMC11066689 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background This joint expert review by the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) and National Lipid Association (NLA) provides clinicians an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical considerations regarding obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods This joint expert review is based upon scientific evidence, clinical perspectives of the authors, and peer review by the OMA and NLA leadership. Results Among individuals with obesity, adipose tissue may store over 50% of the total body free cholesterol. Triglycerides may represent up to 99% of lipid species in adipose tissue. The potential for adipose tissue expansion accounts for the greatest weight variance among most individuals, with percent body fat ranging from less than 5% to over 60%. While population studies suggest a modest increase in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with excess adiposity, the adiposopathic dyslipidemia pattern most often described with an increase in adiposity includes elevated triglycerides, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased non-HDL-C, elevated apolipoprotein B, increased LDL particle concentration, and increased small, dense LDL particles. Conclusions Obesity increases CVD risk, at least partially due to promotion of an adiposopathic, atherogenic lipid profile. Obesity also worsens other cardiometabolic risk factors. Among patients with obesity, interventions that reduce body weight and improve CVD outcomes are generally associated with improved lipid levels. Given the modest improvement in blood LDL-C with weight reduction in patients with overweight or obesity, early interventions to treat both excess adiposity and elevated atherogenic cholesterol (LDL-C and/or non-HDL-C) levels represent priorities in reducing the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Corresponding author. Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA.
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2
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Bays HE, Kirkpatrick CF, Maki KC, Toth PP, Morgan RT, Tondt J, Christensen SM, Dixon DL, Jacobson TA. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e320-e350. [PMID: 38664184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This joint expert review by the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) and National Lipid Association (NLA) provides clinicians an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical considerations regarding obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS This joint expert review is based upon scientific evidence, clinical perspectives of the authors, and peer review by the OMA and NLA leadership. RESULTS Among individuals with obesity, adipose tissue may store over 50% of the total body free cholesterol. Triglycerides may represent up to 99% of lipid species in adipose tissue. The potential for adipose tissue expansion accounts for the greatest weight variance among most individuals, with percent body fat ranging from less than 5% to over 60%. While population studies suggest a modest increase in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with excess adiposity, the adiposopathic dyslipidemia pattern most often described with an increase in adiposity includes elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased non-HDL-C, elevated apolipoprotein B, increased LDL particle concentration, and increased small, dense LDL particles. CONCLUSIONS Obesity increases CVD risk, at least partially due to promotion of an adiposopathic, atherogenic lipid profile. Obesity also worsens other cardiometabolic risk factors. Among patients with obesity, interventions that reduce body weight and improve CVD outcomes are generally associated with improved lipid levels. Given the modest improvement in blood LDL-C with weight reduction in patients with overweight or obesity, early interventions to treat both excess adiposity and elevated atherogenic cholesterol (LDL-C and/or non-HDL-C) levels represent priorities in reducing the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Clinical Associate Professor, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville KY 40213 (Dr Bays).
| | - Carol F Kirkpatrick
- Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID (Dr Kirkpatrick).
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN (Dr Maki).
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Department of Clinical Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Dr Toth).
| | - Ryan T Morgan
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Principal Investigator at Lynn Health Science Institute, 3555 NW 58th St., STE 910-W, Oklahoma City, OK 73112 (Dr Morgan).
| | - Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center (Dr Tondt)
| | | | - Dave L Dixon
- Deptartment of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy 410 N 12th Street, Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298-0533 (Dr Dixon).
| | - Terry A Jacobson
- Lipid Clinic and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program, Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (Dr Jacobson).
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Yadav R, Swetanshu, Singh P. The molecular mechanism of obesity: The science behind natural exercise yoga and healthy diets in the treatment of obesity. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102345. [PMID: 38103823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The review centers on the scientific evidence underlying obesity, providing a detailed examination of the role of perilipin in this condition. It explores potential causes of obesity and delves into therapeutic approaches involving exercise, yoga, and herbal treatments. The paper discusses natural sources that can contribute to combating obesity and underscores the importance of exercise in a scientific context for overcoming obesity. Additionally, it includes information on herbal ingredients that aid in reducing obesity. The review also examines the impact of exercise type and intensity at various time intervals on muscle development. It elucidates triglyceride hydrolysis through different enzymes and the deposition of fatty acids in adipose tissue. The mechanisms by which alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) target and activate their functions are detailed. The inflammatory response in obesity is explored, encompassing inflammatory markers, lipid storage diseases, and their classification with molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the hormonal regulation of lipolysis is elaborated upon in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Yadav
- Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida-201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Swetanshu
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, U.P, India
| | - Pratichi Singh
- School of Biological and Life Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida-203201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Maestri A, Garagnani P, Pedrelli M, Hagberg CE, Parini P, Ehrenborg E. Lipid droplets, autophagy, and ageing: A cell-specific tale. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102194. [PMID: 38218464 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are the essential organelle for storing lipids in a cell. Within the variety of the human body, different cells store, utilize and release lipids in different ways, depending on their intrinsic function. However, these differences are not well characterized and, especially in the context of ageing, represent a key factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Whole body lipid homeostasis is a central interest in the field of cardiometabolic diseases. In this review we characterize lipid droplets and their utilization via autophagy and describe their diverse fate in three cells types central in cardiometabolic dysfunctions: adipocytes, hepatocytes, and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maestri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ehrenborg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Tang C, Wang Y, Chen D, Zhang M, Xu J, Xu C, Liu J, Kan J, Jin C. Natural polysaccharides protect against diet-induced obesity by improving lipid metabolism and regulating the immune system. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113192. [PMID: 37689942 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy dietary patterns-induced obesity and obesity-related complications pose a great threat to human health all over the world. Accumulating evidence suggests that the pathophysiology of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders is closely associated with dysregulation of lipid and energy metabolism, and metabolic inflammation. In this review, three potential anti-obesity mechanisms of natural polysaccharides are introduced. Firstly, natural polysaccharides protect against diet-induced obesity directly by improving lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Since the immunity also affects lipid and energy metabolism, natural polysaccharides improve lipid and energy metabolism by regulating host immunity. Moreover, diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress, defective autophagy and microbial dysbiosis can disrupt lipid and/or energy metabolism in a direct and/or inflammation-induced manner. Therefore, natural polysaccharides also improve lipid and energy metabolism and suppress inflammation by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, promoting autophagy and regulating gut microbiota composition. Specifically, this review comprehensively summarizes underlying anti-obesity mechanisms of natural polysaccharides and provides a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods. For the first time, this review elucidates anti-obesity mechanisms of natural polysaccharides from the perspectives of their hypolipidemic, energy-regulating and immune-regulating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingguo Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Quality and safety of agricultural product, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
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Xiao S, Chen Z, Mai T, Cai J, Chen Y, Tang X, Gou R, Luo T, He K, Li T, Qin J, Zhang Z, Li Y. Analysis of the association between dietary patterns and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a county in Guangxi. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:309. [PMID: 37704944 PMCID: PMC10500788 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the relationship between different dietary patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Residents over 30 years old in the ecological longevity cohort in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi Province were the research objects selected from 2018 to 2019. Physical examination, baseline population survey, and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) survey were conducted. Dietary patterns were analyzed by factor analysis. Influencing factors of NAFLD were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS NAFLD was diagnosed in 241 of 2664 participants based on ultrasonography, and the detection rate was 9.0%. Factor analysis yielded a total of three dietary patterns, namely, traditional Chinese, Western, and cereal-potato dietary patterns. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, participants in the highest quartile of the Western dietary pattern exhibited a higher prevalence of NAFLD (OR = 2.799; 95% CI: 1.620-4.837; p < 0.05) than participants in the lowest quartile. Participants in the highest quartile of the cereal-potato pattern exhibited a decreased risk of NAFLD compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.581; 95% CI: 0.371-0.910, p < 0.05). The traditional Chinese patterns did not show any association with the risk of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS The Western dietary pattern increases the risk of NAFLD, whereas the cereal-potato dietary pattern reduces the risk of NAFLD. It is important for the prevention and control of NAFLD to adhere to the cereal-potato dietary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xiao
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Tingyu Mai
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Jiansheng Cai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Yulu Chen
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Xu Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning, Guangxi province, 530021, PR China
| | - Ruoyu Gou
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Tingyu Luo
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Kailian He
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Tingjun Li
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning, Guangxi province, 530021, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China.
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China.
| | - You Li
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China.
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China.
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7
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Tabacco S, Ambrosii S, Polsinelli V, Fantasia I, D’Alfonso A, Ludovisi M, Cecconi S, Guido M. Pre-Eclampsia: From Etiology and Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Tools-A Review of the Literature. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6202-6215. [PMID: 37623210 PMCID: PMC10453909 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a severe pregnancy-related complication that manifests as a syndrome with multisystem involvement and damage. It has significantly grown in frequency during the past 30 years and could be considered as one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. However, the specific etiology and molecular mechanisms of pre-eclampsia are still poorly known and could have a variety of causes, such as altered angiogenesis, inflammations, maternal infections, obesity, metabolic disorders, gestational diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. Perhaps the most promising area under investigation is the imbalance of maternal angiogenic factors and its effects on vascular function, though studies in placental oxidative stress and maternal immune response have demonstrated intriguing findings. However, to determine the relative importance of each cause and the impact of actions aiming to significantly reduce the incidence of this illness, more research is needed. Moreover, it is necessary to better understand the etiologies of each subtype of pre-eclampsia as well as the pathophysiology of other major obstetrical syndromes to identify a clinical tool able to recognize patients at risk of pre-eclampsia early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tabacco
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Ambrosii
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Polsinelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fantasia
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Angela D’Alfonso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Manuela Ludovisi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Sandra Cecconi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guido
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Knocking Down CDKN2A in 3D hiPSC-Derived Brown Adipose Progenitors Potentiates Differentiation, Oxidative Metabolism and Browning Process. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060870. [PMID: 36980212 PMCID: PMC10047013 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential to be differentiated into any cell type, making them a relevant tool for therapeutic purposes such as cell-based therapies. In particular, they show great promise for obesity treatment as they represent an unlimited source of brown/beige adipose progenitors (hiPSC-BAPs). However, the low brown/beige adipocyte differentiation potential in 2D cultures represents a strong limitation for clinical use. In adipose tissue, besides its cell cycle regulator functions, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) locus modulates the commitment of stem cells to the brown-like type fate, mature adipocyte energy metabolism and the browning of adipose tissue. Here, using a new method of hiPSC-BAPs 3D culture, via the formation of an organoid-like structure, we silenced CDKN2A expression during hiPSC-BAP adipogenic differentiation and observed that knocking down CDKN2A potentiates adipogenesis, oxidative metabolism and the browning process, resulting in brown-like adipocytes by promoting UCP1 expression and beiging markers. Our results suggest that modulating CDKN2A levels could be relevant for hiPSC-BAPs cell-based therapies.
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Guman MSS, Hoozemans JB, Haal S, de Jonge PA, Aydin Ö, Lappa D, Meijnikman AS, Westerink F, Acherman Y, Bäckhed F, de Brauw M, Nielsen J, Nieuwdorp M, Groen AK, Gerdes VEA. Adipose tissue, bile acids, and gut microbiome species associated with gallstones after bariatric surgery. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100280. [PMID: 36115596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several risk factors are associated with gallstone disease after bariatric surgery, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of gallstone formation are unclear. We hypothesize that gallstone formation after bariatric surgery is induced by different pathways compared to gallstone formation in the general population, since postoperative formation occurs rapidly in patients who did not develop gallstones in preceding years. To identify both pathophysiological and potentially protective mechanisms against postoperative gallstone formation, we compared the preoperative fasting metabolome, fecal microbiome, and liver and adipose tissue transcriptome obtained before or during bariatric surgery of obese patients with and without postoperative gallstones. In total, 88 patients were selected from the BARIA longitudinal cohort study. Within this group, 32 patients had postoperative gallstones within two years. Gut microbiota metagenomic analyses showed group differences in abundance of 41 bacterial species, particularly abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae in patients without gallstones. Subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptomic analyses revealed four genes that were suppressed in gallstone patients compared to patients without gallstones. These baseline gene expression and gut microbiota composition differences might relate to protective mechanisms against gallstone formation after bariatric surgery. Moreover, baseline fasting blood samples of patients with postoperative gallstones showed increased levels of several bile acids. Overall, we revealed different genes and bacteria associated with gallstones than those previously reported in the general population, supporting the hypothesis that gallstone formation after bariatric surgery follows a different trajectory. Further research is necessary to confirm the involvement of the bile acids, adipose tissue activity, and microbial species observed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S S Guman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.
| | - J B Hoozemans
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - S Haal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P A de Jonge
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ö Aydin
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Lappa
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A S Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F Westerink
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Y Acherman
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - F Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Västtra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M de Brauw
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - J Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A K Groen
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V E A Gerdes
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
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10
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Baila-Rueda L, Cenarro A, Lamiquiz-Moneo I, Marco-Benedi V, Gracia-Rubio I, Casamayor-Franco MC, Arbones-Mainar JM, Civeira F, Laclaustra M. Association of Cholesterol and Oxysterols in Adipose Tissue With Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Traits. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3929-e3936. [PMID: 35453148 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue stores a substantial amount of body cholesterol in humans. Obesity is associated with decreased concentrations of serum cholesterol. During weight gain, adipose tissue dysfunction might be one of the causes of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to evaluate cholesterol storage and oxidized metabolites in adipose tissue and their relationship with metabolic clinical characteristics. METHODS Concentrations of cholesterol and oxysterols (27-hydroxycholesterol and 24S-hydroxycholesterol) in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in 19 adult women with body mass index between 23 and 40 kg/m2 from the FAT expandability (FATe) study. Tissue concentration values were correlated with biochemical and clinical characteristics using nonparametric statistics. RESULTS Insulin correlated directly with 24S-hydroxycholesterol in both adipose tissues and with 27-hydroxycholesterol in visceral tissue. Leptin correlated directly with 24S-hydroxycholesterol in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Tissue cholesterol correlated directly with 27-hydroxycholesterol in both adipose tissues and with 24S-hydroxycholesterol in visceral tissue, where cholesterol correlation with 24S-hydroxycholesterol was higher than with 27-hydroxycholesterol. In addition, some tendencies were observed: serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol tended to be inversely correlated with visceral adipose tissue cholesterol; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein tended to be correlated directly with subcutaneous adipose 24S-hydroxycholesterol and inversely with visceral 27-hydroxycholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue oxysterols are associated with blood insulin and insulin resistance. Tissue cholesterol correlated more with 27-hydroxycholesterol in subcutaneous adipose tissue and with 24S-hydroxycholesterol in visceral adipose tissue. Levels of adipose 24S-hydroxycholesterol seem to be correlated with some metabolic syndrome symptoms and inflammation while adipose 27-hydroxycholesterol could represent some protection against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Baila-Rueda
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cenarro
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Itziar Lamiquiz-Moneo
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victoria Marco-Benedi
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gracia-Rubio
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Casamayor-Franco
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Unidad de Cirugía Endocrina, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martin Laclaustra
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Munir A, Ayesha Javed G, Javed S, Arshad N. Levilactobacillus brevis from carnivores can ameliorate hypercholesterolemia: in vitro and in vivo mechanistic evidence. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1725-1742. [PMID: 35729721 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the probiotic and hypocholesterolemic potential of two Levilactobacillus brevis strains of carnivore origin along with selected underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS L. brevis MT950194 and L. brevis MW365351 were analyzed in vitro for oro-gastro-intestinal stress tolerance, cholesterol reduction, cholesterol adsorption (through scanning electron microscopy) and bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Strains could survive (> 80%) in oro-gastro-intestinal conditions, reduce high amount of cholesterol (35% and 54%) from media containing bile salts (0.3%) as compared with Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356 and presented least pathogenicity towards mammalian cells. Exopolysaccharide production, cell surface cholesterol adherence and BSH activity were witnessed as possible cholesterol lowering mechanisms. In in vivo experiment, the treatments of hypercholesterolemic rats with L. brevis MT950194, L. brevis MW365351 and their mixture led to significant (p < 0.05) reduction in serum and hepatic cholesterol, low density lipids, cholesterol ratio, liver steatosis, and size of adipocytes. It further ameliorated diet induced changes in hepatic enzymes. CONCLUSIONS L. brevis MT950194 and L. brevis MW365351 from carnivores have probiotic pharmacological potential and can reduce serum cholesterol through surface adherence and BSH production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY These strains may be utilized in treating hypercholesterolemia and production of low fat functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Munir
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Saman Javed
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Najma Arshad
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Centre for Research in Molecular, Medicine (CRIMM), The University of Lahore, Pakistan
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12
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Alston MC, Redman LM, Sones JL. An Overview of Obesity, Cholesterol, and Systemic Inflammation in Preeclampsia. Nutrients 2022; 14:2087. [PMID: 35631228 PMCID: PMC9143481 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), an inflammatory state during pregnancy, is a significant cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Adverse outcomes associated with PE include hypertension, proteinuria, uterine/placental abnormalities, fetal growth restriction, and pre-term birth. Women with obesity have an increased risk of developing PE likely due to impaired placental development from altered metabolic homeostasis. Inflammatory cytokines from maternal adipose tissue and circulating cholesterol have been linked to systemic inflammation, hypertension, and other adverse outcomes associated with PE. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the role of nutrients, obesity, and cholesterol signaling in PE with an emphasis on findings from preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan C. Alston
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women’s Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women’s Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Sones
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women’s Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
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13
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Methionine strengthens anti-inflammation of rice protein via depressing NF-κB activation and stimulating Msr expression in rats fed cholesterol-enriched diets. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:745-758. [PMID: 35646410 PMCID: PMC9133292 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is an inducer of inflammation. To elucidate the link of depression of ox-LDL accumulation and anti-inflammatory function of rice protein (RP) whether dependent on methionine availability, growing and adult rats were fed RP and methionine-supplemented RP (RM) under cholesterol-enriched dietary condition. After two weeks feeding, RP and RMs exerted the anti-inflammatory effects through up-regulating IL-10, while RP and RMs significantly reduced ox-LDL levels and effectively suppressed the expressions of inflammatory mediators (COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS). The anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism was to inhibit NF-κB activation and to simulate methionine sulfoxide reductase expression. Results showed, under cholesterol-enriched dietary condition, the anti-inflammatory action can be induced by RP and enhanced by methionine in growing and adult rats. The present study reveals a link of the decreased ox-LDL accumulation with the anti-inflammatory function of RP, which is dependent on methionine availability and independent of dietary cholesterol.
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14
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Wu P, Moon JY, Daghlas I, Franco G, Porneala BC, Ahmadizar F, Richardson TG, Isaksen JL, Hindy G, Yao J, Sitlani CM, Raffield LM, Yanek LR, Feitosa MF, Cuadrat RRC, Qi Q, Arfan Ikram M, Ellervik C, Ericson U, Goodarzi MO, Brody JA, Lange L, Mercader JM, Vaidya D, An P, Schulze MB, Masana L, Ghanbari M, Olesen MS, Cai J, Guo X, Floyd JS, Jäger S, Province MA, Kalyani RR, Psaty BM, Orho-Melander M, Ridker PM, Kanters JK, Uitterlinden A, Davey Smith G, Gill D, Kaplan RC, Kavousi M, Raghavan S, Chasman DI, Rotter JI, Meigs JB, Florez JC, Dupuis J, Liu CT, Merino J. Obesity Partially Mediates the Diabetogenic Effect of Lowering LDL Cholesterol. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:232-240. [PMID: 34789503 PMCID: PMC8753762 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE LDL cholesterol (LDLc)-lowering drugs modestly increase body weight and type 2 diabetes risk, but the extent to which the diabetogenic effect of lowering LDLc is mediated through increased BMI is unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted summary-level univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses in 921,908 participants to investigate the effect of lowering LDLc on type 2 diabetes risk and the proportion of this effect mediated through BMI. We used data from 92,532 participants from 14 observational studies to replicate findings in individual-level MR analyses. RESULTS A 1-SD decrease in genetically predicted LDLc was associated with increased type 2 diabetes odds (odds ratio [OR] 1.12 [95% CI 1.01, 1.24]) and BMI (β = 0.07 SD units [95% CI 0.02, 0.12]) in univariable MR analyses. The multivariable MR analysis showed evidence of an indirect effect of lowering LDLc on type 2 diabetes through BMI (OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.01, 1.08]) with a proportion mediated of 38% of the total effect (P = 0.03). Total and indirect effect estimates were similar across a number of sensitivity analyses. Individual-level MR analyses confirmed the indirect effect of lowering LDLc on type 2 diabetes through BMI with an estimated proportion mediated of 8% (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the diabetogenic effect attributed to lowering LDLc is partially mediated through increased BMI. Our results could help advance understanding of adipose tissue and lipids in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology and inform strategies to reduce diabetes risk among individuals taking LDLc-lowering medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peitao Wu
- 1Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jee-Young Moon
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Iyas Daghlas
- 3Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,4Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Giulianini Franco
- 5Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bianca C Porneala
- 6Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- 7Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom G Richardson
- 8MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K.,9Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, U.K
| | - Jonas L Isaksen
- 10Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgy Hindy
- 11Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmo Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Jie Yao
- 12Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- 13Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- 14Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- 15Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- 16Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rafael R C Cuadrat
- 17Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,18German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Qibin Qi
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- 7Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Ellervik
- 19Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,20Department of Research, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- 11Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmo Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- 21Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- 13Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Leslie Lange
- 22Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Josep M Mercader
- 4Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,23Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,24Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- 15Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ping An
- 16Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- 17Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,18German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,25Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lluis Masana
- 26Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgil University, IISPV, Reus, Spain.,27Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- 7Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Morten S Olesen
- 28Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, Copenhagen, Denmark.,29Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jianwen Cai
- 30Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- 12Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - James S Floyd
- 13Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,31Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Susanne Jäger
- 17Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,18German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael A Province
- 16Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- 15Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- 13Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,31Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,32Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- 11Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmo Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Paul M Ridker
- 5Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,24Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- 10Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- 7Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,33Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George Davey Smith
- 8MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Dipender Gill
- 9Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, U.K.,34Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K.,35Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, U.K.,36Clinical Pharmacology Group, Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.,37Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- 7Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sridharan Raghavan
- 38Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO.,39Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- 3Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,4Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- 12Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - James B Meigs
- 4Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,6Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,24Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jose C Florez
- 4Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,23Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,24Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- 1Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- 1Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jordi Merino
- 4Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,23Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,24Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,26Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgil University, IISPV, Reus, Spain
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15
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Miroshnikova VV, Panteleeva AA, Pobozheva IA, Razgildina ND, Polyakova EA, Markov AV, Belyaeva OD, Berkovich OA, Baranova EI, Nazarenko MS, Puzyrev VP, Pchelina SN. ABCA1 and ABCG1 DNA methylation in epicardial adipose tissue of patients with coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:566. [PMID: 34837967 PMCID: PMC8627066 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have focused on the potential role of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters regulate cell cholesterol content and reverse cholesterol transport. We aimed to determine whether DNA methylation and mRNA levels of the ABCA1 and ABCG1 genes in EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were associated with CAD. METHODS Paired EAT and SAT samples were collected from 82 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery either for coronary artery bypass grafting (CAD group, N = 66) or valve surgery (NCAD group, N = 16). ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA levels in EAT and SAT samples were analyzed using real time polymerase chain reaction, ABCA1 protein levels in EAT samples were assessed by western blotting. ABCA1 and ABCG1 DNA methylation analysis was performed in 24 samples from the CAD group and 9 samples from the NCAD group via pyrosequencing. RESULTS DNA methylation levels in the ABCA1 promoter and ABCG1 cg27243685 and cg06500161 CpG sites were higher in EAT samples from patients with CAD compared with NCAD (21.92% vs 10.81%, p = 0.003; 71.51% vs 68.42%, p = 0.024; 46.11% vs 37.79%, p = 0.016, respectively). In patients with CAD, ABCA1 and ABCG1 DNA methylation levels were higher in EAT than in SAT samples (p < 0.05). ABCA1 mRNA levels in EAT samples were reduced in the subgroup of patients with CAD and concomitant carotid artery disease or peripheral artery disease compared with the NCAD group (p = 0.024). ABCA1 protein levels in EAT samples tended to be lower in CAD patients than in the NCAD group (p = 0.053). DNA methylation levels at the ABCG1 cg27243685 site positively correlated with plasma triglyceride concentration (r = 0.510, p = 0.008), body mass index (r = 0.556, p = 0.013) and waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.504, p = 0.012) in SAT samples. CONCLUSION CAD is associated with ABCA1 and ABCG1 DNA hypermethylation in EAT. CAD with concomitant carotid artery disease or peripheral artery disease is accompanied by decreased ABCA1 gene expression in EAT. DNA methylation levels at the ABCG1 cg27243685 locus in SAT are associated with hypertriglyceridemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina V Miroshnikova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation.
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexandra A Panteleeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Pobozheva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia D Razgildina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Polyakova
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anton V Markov
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga D Belyaeva
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Berkovich
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena I Baranova
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Maria S Nazarenko
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Valery P Puzyrev
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sofya N Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
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16
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Xu H, Thomas MJ, Kaul S, Kallinger R, Ouweneel AB, Maruko E, Oussaada SM, Jongejan A, Cense HA, Nieuwdorp M, Serlie MJ, Goldberg IJ, Civelek M, Parks BW, Lusis AJ, Knaack D, Schill RL, May SC, Reho JJ, Grobe JL, Gantner B, Sahoo D, Sorci-Thomas MG. Pcpe2, a Novel Extracellular Matrix Protein, Regulates Adipocyte SR-BI-Mediated High-Density Lipoprotein Uptake. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2708-2725. [PMID: 34551590 PMCID: PMC8551036 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of adipocyte Pcpe2 (procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2) in SR-BI (scavenger receptor class BI)-mediated HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) uptake and contributions to adipose lipid storage. Approach and Results Pcpe2, a glycoprotein devoid of intrinsic proteolytic activity, is believed to participate in extracellular protein-protein interactions, supporting SR-BI- mediated HDL-C uptake. In published studies, Pcpe2 deficiency increased the development of atherosclerosis by reducing SR-BI-mediated HDL-C catabolism, but the biological impact of this deficiency on adipocyte SR-BI-mediated HDL-C uptake is unknown. Differentiated cells from Ldlr-/-/Pcpe2-/- (Pcpe2-/-) mouse adipose tissue showed elevated SR-BI protein levels, but significantly reduced HDL-C uptake compared to Ldlr-/- (control) adipose tissue. SR-BI-mediated HDL-C uptake was restored by preincubation of cells with exogenous Pcpe2. In diet-fed mice lacking Pcpe2, significant reductions in visceral, subcutaneous, and brown adipose tissue mass were observed, despite elevations in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. Significant positive correlations exist between adipose mass and Pcpe2 expression in both mice and humans. Conclusions Overall, these findings reveal a novel and unexpected function for Pcpe2 in modulating SR-BI expression and function as it relates to adipose tissue expansion and cholesterol balance in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Michael J. Thomas
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sushma Kaul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Amber B. Ouweneel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Elisa Maruko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Sabrina M. Oussaada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huib A. Cense
- Department of Surgery, Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J. Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brian W. Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, California
| | - Darcy Knaack
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rebecca L. Schill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sarah C. May
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John J. Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Benjamin Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Trigatti BL. Pcpe2: A New Partner for the Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I in High-Density Lipoprotein Selective Lipid Uptake. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2726-2729. [PMID: 34615373 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Trigatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Shen JX, Couchet M, Dufau J, de Castro Barbosa T, Ulbrich MH, Helmstädter M, Kemas AM, Zandi Shafagh R, Marques M, Hansen JB, Mejhert N, Langin D, Rydén M, Lauschke VM. 3D Adipose Tissue Culture Links the Organotypic Microenvironment to Improved Adipogenesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100106. [PMID: 34165908 PMCID: PMC8373086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are strongly associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and impaired adipogenesis. Understanding the molecular underpinnings that control adipogenesis is thus of fundamental importance for the development of novel therapeutics against metabolic disorders. However, translational approaches are hampered as current models do not accurately recapitulate adipogenesis. Here, a scaffold-free versatile 3D adipocyte culture platform with chemically defined conditions is presented in which primary human preadipocytes accurately recapitulate adipogenesis. Following differentiation, multi-omics profiling and functional tests demonstrate that 3D adipocyte cultures feature mature molecular and cellular phenotypes similar to freshly isolated mature adipocytes. Spheroids exhibit physiologically relevant gene expression signatures with 4704 differentially expressed genes compared to conventional 2D cultures (false discovery rate < 0.05), including the concerted expression of factors shaping the adipogenic niche. Furthermore, lipid profiles of >1000 lipid species closely resemble patterns of the corresponding isogenic mature adipocytes in vivo (R2 = 0.97). Integration of multi-omics signatures with analyses of the activity profiles of 503 transcription factors using global promoter motif inference reveals a complex signaling network, involving YAP, Hedgehog, and TGFβ signaling, that links the organotypic microenvironment in 3D culture to the activation and reinforcement of PPARγ and CEBP activity resulting in improved adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne X. Shen
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Jérémy Dufau
- InsermInstitute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)UMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Université de ToulouseUniversité Paul SabatierFaculté de Médecine, I2MCUMR1297Toulouse31432France
| | - Thais de Castro Barbosa
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Maximilian H. Ulbrich
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicineUniversity Hospital Freiburg and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79106Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicineUniversity Hospital Freiburg and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79106Germany
| | - Aurino M. Kemas
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
- Division of Micro‐ and NanosystemsKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm100 44Sweden
| | - Marie‐Adeline Marques
- InsermInstitute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)UMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Université de ToulouseUniversité Paul SabatierFaculté de Médecine, I2MCUMR1297Toulouse31432France
| | - Jacob B. Hansen
- Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen2100Denmark
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- InsermInstitute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)UMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Université de ToulouseUniversité Paul SabatierFaculté de Médecine, I2MCUMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Toulouse University HospitalsDepartment of BiochemistryToulouse31079France
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
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19
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Martins MG, Martins MIM, de Souza AH, Antunes FTT, Pail PB, de Fátima Wiilland E, Picada JN, da Silva Brum LF. Evaluation of lipolysis and toxicological parameters of low-level laser therapy at different wavelengths and doses in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1235-1244. [PMID: 34297266 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigate the effects of low-level lasers therapy (LLLT) aiming abdominal lipolysis. Female Wistar rats received applications of LLLT directly in the abdominal skin twice a week (5 weeks). Except the control group (n = 5), animals received treatments with red wavelength 660 nm being (I) R3.3 group (n = 5): 3.3 J/cm2, and (II) R5 group (n = 5): 5 J/cm2, or infrared wavelength 808 nm being (III) IR3.3 group (n = 5): 3.3 J/cm2, and (IV) IR5 group (n = 5): 5 J/cm2. Abdominal subcutaneous and liver tissues were evaluated histologically. Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase (CAT) activity were analyzed in liver tissue. In the peripheral blood aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and total cholesterol were investigated. Micronucleus assay was performed in the bone marrow. Except for the IR3.3 group, all treated groups reduced the body weight (p < 0.001). The R5 group reduced the abdominal subcutaneous tissue weight and thickness (p < 0.05), even though all treated groups reduced the number of adipocytes and its size (p < 0.001). No histological changes in the liver. There were no alterations in the triglycerides and LDL levels. The IR5 group increased the total cholesterol levels and decreased the HDL, ALT (both p < 0.05), and AST levels (p < 0.001). The group IR3.3 showed higher levels of ALP (p < 0.01). The R3.3 group increased the TBARS and CAT activity (p < 0.05). No mutagenic effects were found. The red laser treatment at 5 J/cm2 led to lipolysis and did not alter the liver's parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Gerhardt Martins
- Department of Genetics and Applied Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS, 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Morgan Martins
- Master's Program in Health Promotion, Human Development and Society, Lutheran University of Brazil, RS, 92425-900, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Hubner de Souza
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied To Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha, nº 8001, Bairro São José, RS, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Flavia Tasmin Techera Antunes
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied To Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha, nº 8001, Bairro São José, RS, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla Batista Pail
- Department of Cosmetics and Aesthetic, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS, 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Elenir de Fátima Wiilland
- Department of Genetics and Applied Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS, 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil, Avenida Farroupilha, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425900, Brazil
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20
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Goupille C, Ouldamer L, Pinault M, Guimares C, Arbion F, Jourdan ML, Frank PG. Identification of a Positive Association between Mammary Adipose Cholesterol Content and Indicators of Breast Cancer Aggressiveness in a French Population. J Nutr 2021; 151:1119-1127. [PMID: 33831951 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have recently highlighted important roles for adipose tissue in cancer. However, few have examined adipose tissue cholesterol, and no study has been performed in breast adipose tissue associated with breast tumors. OBJECTIVES The present work was designed to determine if breast adipose tissue cholesterol from the tumor-surrounding area is associated with breast cancer aggressiveness. METHODS Between 2009 and 2011, 215 breast adipose tissue samples were collected at the Tours University Hospital (France) during surgery of women (aged 28-89 y) with invasive breast cancer. Associations of free cholesterol (FC), esterified cholesterol (EC), and total cholesterol (TC) amounts with clinical variables (age, BMI, and treated or untreated hypercholesterolemia) and tumor aggressiveness parameters [phenotype, grade, presence of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), and multifocality] were tested using Student's t test and after ANOVA. RESULTS The predominant form of cholesterol in adipose tissue was FC, and 50% of patients had no detectable EC. The adipose tissue FC content (μg/mg total lipid) was 18% greater in patients >70 y old than in those 40-49 y old (P < 0.05) and the TC content tended to be 12% greater in untreated hypercholesterolemic patients than in normocholesterolemic patients (P = 0.06). Breast adipose cholesterol concentrations were increased in tissues obtained from patients with human-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2 (HER2) phenotype (+13% FC; P < 0.05 compared with luminal A), IBC (+15% FC; P = 0.06 compared with noninflammatory tumors), as well as with multifocal triple-negative tumors (+34% FC, P < 0.05; +30% TC, P < 0.05, compared with unifocal triple-negative tumors). Among patients with triple-negative tumors, hypercholesterolemia was significantly more common (P < 0.05) in patients with multifocal tumors (64%) than in patients with unifocal tumors (25%). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first of this magnitude that analyzes cholesterol concentrations in adipose tissue from female breast cancer patients. An increase in breast adipose tissue cholesterol content may contribute to breast cancer aggressiveness (HER2 phenotype, multifocality of triple-negative tumors, and IBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Goupille
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Gynécologie, Tours, France.,Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Lobna Ouldamer
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Gynécologie, Tours, France.,Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Michelle Pinault
- Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Cyrille Guimares
- Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Flavie Arbion
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Pathologie, Tours, France
| | - Marie L Jourdan
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Gynécologie, Tours, France.,Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France
| | - Philippe G Frank
- Laboratoire "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", Université de Tours, INSERM UMR1069, Tours, France.,French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe network), France.,SGS France Life Services, Saint Benoît, France
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21
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Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Bosco F, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Nucera S, Zito MC, Ruga S, Carresi C, Macrì R, Guarnieri L, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Coppoletta AR, Nicita C, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Belzung C, Mollace V. Cholesterol homeostasis: Researching a dialogue between the brain and peripheral tissues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105215. [PMID: 33007421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is a highly regulated process in human body because of its several functions underlying the biology of cell membranes, the synthesis of all steroid hormones and bile acids and the need of trafficking lipids destined to cell metabolism. In particular, it has been recognized that peripheral and central nervous system cholesterol metabolism are separated by the blood brain barrier and are regulated independently; indeed, peripherally, it depends on the balance between dietary intake and hepatic synthesis on one hand and its degradation on the other, whereas in central nervous system it is synthetized de novo to ensure brain physiology. In view of this complex metabolism and its relevant functions in mammalian, impaired levels of cholesterol can induce severe cellular dysfunction leading to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to clarify the role of cholesterol homeostasis in health and disease highlighting new intriguing aspects of the cross talk between its central and peripheral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Caterina Nicita
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
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22
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Relationship of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio with cardiovascular risk markers in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. PRZEGLAD MENOPAUZALNY = MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2020; 19:53-60. [PMID: 32802014 PMCID: PMC7422287 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2020.97835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular disease is more frequent in postmenopausal women. Atherosclerosis is associated with inflammation and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of inflammation whose behavior in postmenopause is unknown. Aim of the study To know the relationship of the NLR with cardiovascular risk markers in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Material and methods Premenopausal and postmenopausal women were studied, in all of them a complete hemogram and the NLR, platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated, also glucose and lipids levels were measured. In all of them subcutaneous and visceral fat, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), epicardial fat were measured by ultrasound Also baseline and and after flow-mediated stimulus the arterial diameter, the pulsatility index and the resistive index of the brachial artery were measured by ultrasound. The results are reported with medians and intervals, Mann-Whitney U and Spearman correlation analysis were performed. Results Eighty two patients were recruited, 41 premenopausal and 41 postmenopausal. When comparing both groups there was no difference in glucose, lipids, NLR, PLR, carotid IMT, epicardial fat, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat or Doppler parameters of the brachial artery. Conclusion NLR was not different between premenopausal and postmenopausal women but abnormal PLR was greater in those postmenopausal with vasomotor symptoms.
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Lee J. Influences of Cardiovascular Fitness and Body Fatness on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:796-805. [PMID: 32431155 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120925347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the associations between combined cardiovascular fitness, obesity, and the risk of metabolic syndrome. DATA SOURCES The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were used to select relevant studies that included the relative risk (RRs) of metabolic syndrome based on the combined effects of cardiovascular fitness and obesity from January 1990 to July 2019. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA The inclusion criteria were providing the RRs for the associations between combined cardiovascular fitness and obesity and the risk of metabolic syndrome. The exclusion criteria were review studies, duplicated studies, and no RRs reported for those associations. DATA EXTRACTION All selected studies categorized levels of cardiovascular fitness (high cardiovascular fitness vs low cardiovascular fitness) and obesity (normal vs obesity) and directly extracted the RRs for the risk of metabolic syndrome from these data. All selected studies were cross-sectional studies. DATA SYNTHESIS All RRs and 95% CIs from the selected studies were computed to find the associations between combined cardiovascular fitness and obesity and the risk of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS A total of 8 studies were selected for this meta-analysis. Low cardiovascular fitness was associated with 3. Fifty-nine times increased metabolic syndrome risk regardless of obesity (3.59, 95% CI: 3.07-4.20; P = .00). And obesity was associated with 1.62 times increased metabolic syndrome risk regardless of cardiovascular fitness level (1.62, 95% CI: 1.32-1.98; P = .00). Lastly, the risk of metabolic syndrome decreased by 77% with high cardiovascular fitness regardless of obesity (0.23, 95% CI: 0.12-0.43; P = .00). CONCLUSIONS The combined effects of cardiovascular fitness and obesity are important factors when determining metabolic syndrome risk. The minimum level of cardiovascular fitness is 8.39 metabolic equivalent (METs) for adults to lower the risk of metabolic syndrome. Enhanced cardiovascular fitness and maintaining normal weight should be recommended for individuals to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junga Lee
- Assistant Professor, Sports Medicine and Science, 26723KyungHee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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24
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Metabolomics analyses to characterize metabolic alterations in Korean native calves by oral vitamin A supplementation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8092. [PMID: 32415141 PMCID: PMC7228984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that vitamin A administration in the birth stage of calves could promote preadipocyte and muscle development. However, the metabolic change after vitamin A administration remains unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to perform metabonomics analyses to investigate the effect of vitamin A in Korean native calves. Ten newborn calves (initial average body weight: 30.4 kg [SD 2.20]) were randomly divided into two groups treated with or without vitamin A supplementation (0 IU vs. 25,000 IU vitamin A/day) for two months until weaning. Metabolic changes in the serum and longissimus dorsi muscle of calves were investigated using GC-TOF-MS and multivariate statistical analysis. As a result, ten metabolic parameters in the serum and seven metabolic parameters in the longissimus dorsi muscle were down-regulated in the vitamin A treatment group compared to those in the control group (VIP value > 1.0, p < 0.05). Both serum and longissimus dorsi muscle showed lower levels of cholesterol and myo-inositol in the vitamin A treatment group than in the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that vitamin A supplementation in the early growth period of calf could maintain the preadipocyte status, which can contribute to future adipogenesis in the intramuscular fat production of Korean native cattle.
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25
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Zhu R, Wei J, Liu H, Liu C, Wang L, Chen B, Li L, Jia Q, Tian Y, Li R, Zhao D, Mo F, Li Y, Gao S, Wang XD, Zhang D. Lycopene attenuates body weight gain through induction of browning via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 78:108335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Azhar SH, Lim HY, Tan BK, Angeli V. The Unresolved Pathophysiology of Lymphedema. Front Physiol 2020; 11:137. [PMID: 32256375 PMCID: PMC7090140 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema is the clinical manifestation of impaired lymphatic transport. It remains an under-recognized and under-documented clinical condition that still lacks a cure. Despite the substantial advances in the understanding of lymphatic vessel biology and function in the past two decades, there are still unsolved questions regarding the pathophysiology of lymphedema, especially in humans. As a consequence of impaired lymphatic drainage, proteins and lipids accumulate in the interstitial space, causing the regional tissue to undergo extensive and progressive architectural changes, including adipose tissue deposition and fibrosis. These changes are also associated with inflammation. However, the temporal sequence of these events, the relationship between these events, and their interplay during the progression are not clearly understood. Here, we review our current knowledge on the pathophysiology of lymphedema derived from human and animal studies. We also discuss the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in adipose tissue and collagen accumulation during lymphedema. We suggest that more studies should be dedicated to enhancing our understanding of the human pathophysiology of lymphedema to pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaza Hazwany Azhar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Science Institute, Yoon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Ying Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Science Institute, Yoon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bien-Keem Tan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veronique Angeli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Science Institute, Yoon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Palmer MA, Blakeborough L, Harries M, Haslam IS. Cholesterol homeostasis: Links to hair follicle biology and hair disorders. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:299-311. [PMID: 31260136 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and lipid metabolism are critical factors in hair follicle (HF) biology, and cholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair growth. Altered cholesterol homeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis of primary cicatricial alopecia, mutations in a cholesterol transporter are associated with congenital hypertrichosis, and dyslipidaemia has been linked to androgenic alopecia. The underlying molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol influences pathways involved in proliferation and differentiation within HF cell populations remain largely unknown. As such, expanding our knowledge of the role for cholesterol in regulating these processes is likely to provide new leads in the development of treatments for disorders of hair growth and cycling. This review describes the current state of knowledge with respect to cholesterol homeostasis in the HF along with known and putative links to hair pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Palmer
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Liam Blakeborough
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Matthew Harries
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Iain S Haslam
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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Ruiz-Canizales J, Domínguez-Avila JA, Wall-Medrano A, Ayala-Zavala JF, González-Córdova AF, Vallejo-Córdoba B, Salazar-López NJ, González-Aguilar GA. Fiber and phenolic compounds contribution to the hepatoprotective effects of mango diets in rats fed high cholesterol/sodium cholate. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2996-3007. [PMID: 31418509 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the contribution of mango fiber (MF) and mango phenolic compounds (MP) to the hepatoprotective effect of freeze-dried mango pulp (FDM) cultivar (cv.) "Ataulfo" diets in high cholesterol/sodium cholate (HCC)-fed rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with a HCC diet for 12 weeks, either untreated, or supplemented with MF, MP, FDM, or a control diet (no HCC; n = 6/group). All mango treatments significantly decreased hepatic cholesterol deposition and altered its fatty acid profile, whereas MF and MP mitigated adipose tissue hypertrophy. MF caused a lower level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α/β, IFN-γ, TNF-α) whereas FDM increased the anti-inflammatory ones (IL-4, 6, 10). Mango treatments increased catalase (CAT) activity and its mRNA expression; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was normalized by MF and FDM, but its activity was unrelated to its hepatic mRNA expression. Changes in CAT and SOD mRNA expression were unrelated to altered Nrf2 mRNA expression. Higher hepatic PPARα and LXRα mRNA levels were found in MP and MF. We concluded that MF and MP are highly bioactive, according to the documented hepatoprotection in HCC-fed rats; their mechanism of action appears to be related to modulating cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism as well as to stimulating the endogenous antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ruiz-Canizales
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| | | | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - J Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Coordinación de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Córdoba
- Coordinación de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| | | | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Ha
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert C Bauer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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Neufeld EB, Sato M, Gordon SM, Durbhakula V, Francone N, Aponte A, Yilmaz G, Sviridov D, Sampson M, Tang J, Pryor M, Remaley AT. ApoA-I-Mediated Lipoprotein Remodeling Monitored with a Fluorescent Phospholipid. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:E53. [PMID: 31336888 PMCID: PMC6784057 DOI: 10.3390/biology8030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe simple, sensitive and robust methods to monitor lipoprotein remodeling and cholesterol and apolipoprotein exchange, using fluorescent Lissamine Rhodamine B head-group tagged phosphatidylethanolamine (*PE) as a lipoprotein reference marker. Fluorescent Bodipy cholesterol (*Chol) and *PE directly incorporated into whole plasma lipoproteins in proportion to lipoprotein cholesterol and phospholipid mass, respectively. *Chol, but not *PE, passively exchanged between isolated plasma lipoproteins. Fluorescent apoA-I (*apoA-I) specifically bound to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and remodeled *PE- and *Chol-labeled synthetic lipoprotein-X multilamellar vesicles (MLV) into a pre-β HDL-like particle containing *PE, *Chol, and *apoA-I. Fluorescent MLV-derived *PE specifically incorporated into plasma HDL, whereas MLV-derived *Chol incorporation into plasma lipoproteins was similar to direct *Chol incorporation, consistent with apoA-I-mediated remodeling of fluorescent MLV to HDL with concomitant exchange of *Chol between lipoproteins. Based on these findings, we developed a model system to study lipid transfer by depositing fluorescent *PE and *Chol-labeled on calcium silicate hydrate crystals, forming dense lipid-coated donor particles that are readily separated from acceptor lipoprotein particles by low-speed centrifugation. Transfer of *PE from donor particles to mouse plasma lipoproteins was shown to be HDL-specific and apoA-I-dependent. Transfer of donor particle *PE and *Chol to HDL in whole human plasma was highly correlated. Taken together, these studies suggest that cell-free *PE efflux monitors apoA-I functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Neufeld
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Masaki Sato
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Scott M Gordon
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vinay Durbhakula
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Francone
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angel Aponte
- Proteomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gizem Yilmaz
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Denis Sviridov
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maureen Sampson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jingrong Tang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Milton Pryor
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Chroni A, Kardassis D. HDL Dysfunction Caused by Mutations in apoA-I and Other Genes that are Critical for HDL Biogenesis and Remodeling. Curr Med Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180313114950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The “HDL hypothesis” which suggested that an elevation in HDL cholesterol
(HDL-C) levels by drugs or by life style changes should be paralleled by a decrease in the
risk for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) has been challenged by recent epidemiological and
clinical studies using HDL-raising drugs. HDL components such as proteins, lipids or small
RNA molecules, but not cholesterol itself, possess various atheroprotective functions in different
cell types and accumulating evidence supports the new hypothesis that HDL functionality
is more important than HDL-C levels for CVD risk prediction. Thus, the detailed characterization
of changes in HDL composition and functions in various pathogenic conditions
is critically important in order to identify new biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy
monitoring of CVD. Here we provide an overview of how HDL composition, size and
functionality are affected in patients with monogenic disorders of HDL metabolism due to
mutations in genes that participate in the biogenesis and the remodeling of HDL. We also review
the findings from various mouse models with genetic disturbances in the HDL biogenesis
pathway that have been generated for the validation of the data obtained in human patients
and how these models could be utilized for the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies such
as the use of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer technology that aim to correct HDL abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Chroni
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research , Greece
| | - Dimitris Kardassis
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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Zhang X, Huang Q, Wang X, Deng Z, Li J, Yan X, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Libby P, Liu J, Shi GP. Dietary cholesterol is essential to mast cell activation and associated obesity and diabetes in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1690-1700. [PMID: 30978390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell (MC) deficiency in KitW-sh/W-sh mice and inhibition with disodium chromoglycate (DSCG) or ketotifen reduced obesity and diabetes in mice on a high-cholesterol (1.25%) Western diet. Yet, Kit-independent MC-deficient mice and mice treated with DSCG disproved MC function in obesity and diabetes when mice are fed a high-fat diet (HFD) that contains no cholesterol. This study reproduced the obesity and diabetes inhibitory activities of DSCG and ketotifen from mice on a Western diet. Yet, such inhibitory effects were diminished in mice on the HFD. DSCG and ketotifen MC inhibitory activities were recovered from mice on the HFD supplemented with the same amount of cholesterol (1.25%) as that in the Western diet. DSCG and ketotifen effectively blunted the high-cholesterol diet-induced elevations of blood histamine and adipose tissue MC degranulation. Pearson's correlation test demonstrated significant and positive correlations between plasma histamine and total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL). In cultured bone marrow-derived MCs, plasma from mice following a Western diet or a cholesterol-supplemented HFD, but not those from HFD-fed mice, induced MC degranulation and the release of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, and serotonin. IgE, LDL, very low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein also induced MC activation, which can be inhibited by DSCG and ketotifen depending on the doses and types of MC inhibitors and cholesterol, and also the MC granule molecules of interest. DSCG or ketotifen lost their activities in inhibiting LDL-induced activation of MCs from LDL receptor-deficient mice. These results indicate that dietary cholesterol critically influences the function of mouse MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and biomarkers unit, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and biomarkers unit, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Sarkar P, Thirumurugan K. Modulatory functions of bioactive fruits, vegetables and spices in adipogenesis and angiogenesis. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Zaherijamil Z, Rezaei N, Hashemnia M, Moradkhani S, Saidijam M, khodadadi I, Abbasi Oshaghi E, Tavilani H. Kiwifruit effect on adipose tissue cell size and cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene expression in high-fat diet fed Golden Syrian hamsters. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2019; 9:482-490. [PMID: 31516862 PMCID: PMC6727434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of kiwifruit on the histology and cell size of adipose tissue in hyperlipidemic models have not yet been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of kiwifruit on the adipose tissue cell size and activity as well as the gene expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in high-fat diet (HFD) fed hamsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two male Syrian hamsters were divided into six groups. Control normal (CN) hamsters received normal diet, control HFD (CHF) were fed with a HFD plus a normal diet (15% butter fat + 0.05% cholesterol + a normal diet). Two groups were fed with normal diet including kiwifruit (1.86; Nd.1 or 3.73 g/kg; Nd.2) and two groups were fed with HFD including kiwifruit (1.86;HFd.1or 3.73 g/kg; HFd.2), for 8 weeks. RESULTS Histological examination of adipose tissue showed that the cell size was significantly reduced in the kiwifruit-treated groups (low and high dose) in comparison to their control groups (p<0.05). Kiwifruit supplementation (low and high dose) in normal and HFD groups significantly increased gene expression of CETP in adipose tissue. Kiwifruit had no significant effect on serum concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride. Although, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increased in HFD-fed hamsters supplemented with 3.73 g/kg of kiwifruit (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Kiwifruit consumption reduces the size of adipocytes and increases the expression of CETP gene in adipose tissue cells. Despite the increases in CETP expression in adipose tissue, its activity in serum was not changed following kiwifruit supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zaherijamil
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Narjes Rezaei
- Students Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Departments of Pathobiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Shirin Moradkhani
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Iraj khodadadi
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Abbasi Oshaghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Heidar Tavilani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98-81-38381590, Fax: +98-81-38380208,
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Janssen AWF, Katiraei S, Bartosinska B, Eberhard D, Willems van Dijk K, Kersten S. Loss of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in mice with diet-induced obesity uncouples visceral obesity from glucose intolerance partly via the gut microbiota. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1447-1458. [PMID: 29502266 PMCID: PMC6449003 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is an important regulator of triacylglycerol metabolism, carrying out this role by inhibiting the enzymes lipoprotein lipase and pancreatic lipase. ANGPTL4 is a potential target for ameliorating cardiometabolic diseases. Although ANGPTL4 has been implicated in obesity, the study of the direct role of ANGPTL4 in diet-induced obesity and related metabolic dysfunction is hampered by the massive acute-phase response and development of lethal chylous ascites and peritonitis in Angptl4-/- mice fed a standard high-fat diet. The aim of this study was to better characterise the role of ANGPTL4 in glucose homeostasis and metabolic dysfunction during obesity. METHODS We chronically fed wild-type (WT) and Angptl4-/- mice a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, combined with fructose in drinking water, and studied metabolic function. The role of the gut microbiota was investigated by orally administering a mixture of antibiotics (ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole). Glucose homeostasis was assessed via i.p. glucose and insulin tolerance tests. RESULTS Mice lacking ANGPTL4 displayed an increase in body weight gain, visceral adipose tissue mass, visceral adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and visceral adipose tissue inflammation compared with WT mice. However, they also unexpectedly had markedly improved glucose tolerance, which was accompanied by elevated insulin levels. Loss of ANGPTL4 did not affect glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets. Since the gut microbiota have been suggested to influence insulin secretion, and because ANGPTL4 has been proposed to link the gut microbiota to host metabolism, we hypothesised a potential role of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota composition was significantly different between Angptl4-/- mice and WT mice. Interestingly, suppression of the gut microbiota using antibiotics largely abolished the differences in glucose tolerance and insulin levels between WT and Angptl4-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Despite increasing visceral fat mass, inactivation of ANGPTL4 improves glucose tolerance, at least partly via a gut microbiota-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke W F Janssen
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Saeed Katiraei
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Bartosinska
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Larrañaga-Vera A, Lamuedra A, Pérez-Baos S, Prieto-Potin I, Peña L, Herrero-Beaumont G, Largo R. Increased synovial lipodystrophy induced by high fat diet aggravates synovitis in experimental osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:264. [PMID: 29191221 PMCID: PMC5709929 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA), but the association between the individual components and OA are not well-understood. We aimed to study the effect of hypercholesterolemia on synovial inflammation in knee OA. METHODS OA was surgically induced in rabbits fed with standard diet (OA group, n = 10) or in rabbits fed with high fat diet (OA-HFD, n = 10). Healthy rabbits receiving standard diet (Control, n = 10) or fed with HFD (HFD, n = 6) were also monitored. Twelve weeks after OA induction, synovial membranes were isolated and processed for studies. RESULTS Animals fed HFD showed higher levels of total serum cholesterol, triglycerides and C-reactive protein than control rabbits. Twelve weeks after OA induction, synovial membrane inflammation and macrophage infiltration were increased in rabbits with OA, particularly in the OA-HFD group. Extensive decrease of synovial adipose tissue area, adipocyte size and perilipin-1A synthesis were observed in the OA-HFD group in comparison to the OA and control groups. The HFD further increased the proinflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF in the OA synovium. However, the synovial gene expression of adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, were markedly decreased in the rabbits with OA, especially in the OA-HFD group, in correlation with adipose tissue loss. However, circulating leptin was upregulated in the HFD and OA-HFD groups. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a HFD is an aggravating factor worsening synovial membrane inflammation during OA, guided by increased infiltration of macrophages and removal of the adipose tissue, together with a remarkable presence of proinflammatory factors. Synovial adipocytes and dyslipemia could probably play pivotal roles in OA joint deterioration in patients with MetS, supporting that the link between obesity and OA transcends mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Larrañaga-Vera
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ana Lamuedra
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez-Baos
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ivan Prieto-Potin
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Leticia Peña
- Clinical Analysis Department, HU-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is classically known for its role in antiatherogenic reverse cholesterol transport as it selectively takes up cholesterol esters from HDL. Here, we have highlighted recent literature that describes novel functions for SR-BI in physiology and disease. RECENT FINDINGS A large population-based study has revealed that patients heterozygous for the P376L mutant form of SR-BI showed significantly increased levels of plasma HDL-cholesterol and had increased risk of cardiovascular disease, demonstrating that SR-BI in humans is a significant determinant of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, SR-BI has been shown to modulate the susceptibility to LPS-induced tissue injury and the ability of sphingosine 1 phosphate to interact with its receptor, linking SR-BI to the regulation of inflammation. In addition, important domains within the molecule (Trp-415) as well as novel regulators (procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer protein 2) of SR-BI's selective uptake function have recently been identified. Moreover, relatively high expression levels of the SR-BI protein have been observed in a variety of cancer tissues, which is associated with a reduced overall survival rate. SUMMARY The HDL receptor SR-BI is a potential therapeutic target not only in the cardiovascular disease setting, but also in inflammatory conditions as well as in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands, , Tel: +31-71-5276582
| | - Mary Sorci-Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Associate in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Senior Adjunct Investigator at the Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, , Tel: 414-955-5728
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38
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The clinical utility of HDLs has been scrutinized upon the publication of Mendelian randomization studies showing no effect of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) modifying variants on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcome. The failures of randomized controlled HDL-C-directed intervention trials have further fueled this skepticism. This general criticism originates from oversimplification that has equated 'HDL-C' with 'HDL' and misconceived both as the 'good cholesterol'. RECENT FINDINGS HDL particles are heterogeneous and carry hundreds of different lipids, proteins, and microRNAs. Many of them but not cholesterol, that is, HDL-C, contributes to the multiple protective functions of HDLs that probably evolved to manage potentially life-threatening crises. Inflammatory processes modify the composition of HDL particles as well as their individual protein and lipid components, and, as a consequence, also their functionality. Gain of dominant-negative functions makes dysfunctional HDL a part rather than a solution of the endangering situation. Quantification of HDL particle numbers, distinct proteins or lipids, and modifications thereof as well as bioassays of HDL functionality are currently explored toward their diagnostic performance in risk prediction and monitoring of treatment response. SUMMARY Any successful clinical exploitation of HDLs will depend on the identification of the most relevant (dys)functions and their structural correlates. Stringent or prioritized structure-(dys)function relationships may provide biomarkers for better risk assessment and monitoring of treatment response. The most relevant agonists carried by either functional or dysfunctional HDLs as well as their cellular responders are interesting targets for drug development.
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