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Koch VHK, Furusawa EA. Pediatric hypertension as an early manifestation of cardiovascular disease in children. J Bras Nefrol 2024; 46:e20230159. [PMID: 38700500 PMCID: PMC11197939 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2023-0159en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In adults, cardiovascular events associated with arterial hypertension (AH) have a major impact on morbidity and mortality. In light of recent findings, AH in children has been interpreted as early cardiovascular disease (CVD), while exposure to CV risk factors in children proves to be a predictor of subclinical CVD in adults. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association has recently updated the classifications for measuring blood pressure (BP) in adults and children. Primary AH in children is generally asymptomatic, and it is associated with a family history of AH, overweight/obesity, and normal morphofunctional characteristics of the urinary system. The younger the child and the higher the BP, the greater the likelihood of secondary AH. The investigation into the etiology of AH begins with a detailed anamnesis, which should include clinical information and details on the use of medication, smoking, and alcohol consumption from the perinatal period to the time of consultation. Modifying risk factors by reducing weight, decreasing alcohol consumption and increasing vegetable intake from childhood to adulthood has been associated with the resolution of AH in the childhood-adulthood transition, and with the reversal of cardiometabolic adverse effects in non-obese adult individuals. Pharmacological therapy should be initiated in cases of symptomatic AH, AH secondary to chronic kidney disease or diabetes mellitus, presence of target organ lesions, stage 2 AH with no modifiable cause and resistant AH unresponsive to lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Hermina Kalika Koch
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaDepartamento de PediatriaSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Erika Arai Furusawa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaSão PauloSPBrazil
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2
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Dangardt F, Friberg P, Chen Y. The cardiovascular risks of overweight or obesity in childhood but normal weight in adulthood. Acta Paediatr 2024. [PMID: 39093313 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Frida Dangardt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Children's Heart Centre, the Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Friberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bann D, Wright L, Hughes A, Chaturvedi N. Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular disease: a causal perspective. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:238-249. [PMID: 37821646 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) persist in high-income countries despite marked overall declines in CVD-related morbidity and mortality. After decades of research, the field has struggled to unequivocally answer a crucial question: is the association between low socioeconomic position (SEP) and the development of CVD causal? We review relevant evidence from various study designs and disciplinary perspectives. Traditional observational, family-based and Mendelian randomization studies support the widely accepted view that low SEP causally influences CVD. However, results from quasi-experimental and experimental studies are both limited and equivocal. While more experimental and quasi-experimental studies are needed to aid causal understanding and inform policy, high-quality descriptive studies are also required to document inequalities, investigate their contextual dependence and consider SEP throughout the lifespan; no simple hierarchy of evidence exists for an exposure as complex as SEP. The COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the context-dependent nature of CVD inequalities, with the generation of potentially new causal pathways linking SEP and CVD. The linked goals of understanding the causal nature of SEP and CVD associations, their contextual dependence, and their remediation by policy interventions necessitate a detailed understanding of society, its change over time and the phenotypes of CVD. Interdisciplinary research is therefore key to advancing both causal understanding and policy translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, IOE, UCL's Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Liam Wright
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, IOE, UCL's Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alun Hughes
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Science, University College London, London, UK
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Loizou P, Taylor CM, Buckland G. The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern in childhood in relation to cardiometabolic risk in adolescence and early adulthood in the ALSPAC birth cohort. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e86. [PMID: 38511334 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002400048x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-style dietary patterns in childhood and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adolescence/early adulthood. DESIGN Data were obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) prospective cohort. Diet diary data collected at 7, 10 and 13 years were used to calculate DASH-style diet scores (DDS). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between the DDS at 7, 10 and 13 years and CMR scores, calculated at 17 and 24 years. SETTING The ALSPAC cohort included children born in south-west England in 1991-1992. PARTICIPANTS Children with complete dietary, covariate and cardiometabolic data at 17 (n 1,526) and 24 years (n 1,524). RESULTS A higher DDS at 7 and 10 years was negatively associated with CMR scores at 17 years (β = -0·64 (95 % CI -1·27, -0·006), Ptrend=0·027 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 7 years; β = -0·73 (95 % CI -1·35, -0·12) and Ptrend=0·037 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 10 years) and at 24 years (β = -0·92 (95 % CI -1·49, -0·34) Ptrend = 0·001 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 7 years; β = -0·60 (95 % CI -1·20, -0·05) Ptrend = 0·092 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 10 years). No associations were found between the DDS at 13 years and CMR score at 17 and 24 years. CONCLUSION Greater adherence with a DASH-style diet during childhood was associated with better cardiometabolic health in adolescence/adulthood in the ALSPAC cohort. The components of the DASH diet could be recommended to improve children's cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PS, UK
| | - Genevieve Buckland
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PS, UK
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Pihlman J, Magnussen CG, Laitinen TT, Ruohonen S, Pahkala K, Jokinen E, Laitinen TP, Hutri-Kähönen N, Tossavainen P, Taittonen L, Kähönen M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Juonala M, Nuotio J. Association of number of siblings with preclinical markers of cardiovascular disease. The cardiovascular risk in Young Finns study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2024; 20:200227. [PMID: 38115890 PMCID: PMC10726240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2023.200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the association of number of siblings with preclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers in adulthood. The sample comprised 2776 participants (54 % female) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who had CVD risk factor data measured in childhood in 1980 (aged 3-18 years) and markers of preclinical CVD measured in adulthood. Echocardiography was performed in 2011, and carotid intima-media thickness, carotid distensibility, brachial flow-mediated dilatation, and arterial pulse wave velocity were measured in 2001 or 2007. The association between the number of siblings and preclinical CVD was assessed using generalized linear and logistic regression models. Analyses were stratified by sex as associations differed between sexes. Women with 1 sibling had lower E/e'-ratio (4.9, [95%CI 4.8-5.0]) in echocardiography compared with those without siblings (5.1[4.9-5.2]) and those with ≥2 more siblings (5.1[5.0-5.2]) (P for trend 0.01). Men without siblings had the lowest E/A-ratio (1.4[1.3-1.5]) compared with those with 1 sibling (1.5[1.5-1.5]), or ≥2 siblings (1.5[1.5-1.5]) (P for trend 0.01). Women without siblings had highest left ventricular ejection fraction (59.2 %[58.6-59.7 %]) compared with those with 1 sibling (59.1 %[58.8-59.4 %]), or ≥2 siblings (58.4 %[58.1-58.8 %])(P for trend 0.01). In women, brachial flow-mediated dilatation, a measure of endothelial function, was the lowest among participants with ≥2 siblings (9.4 %[9.0-9.8 %]) compared with those with 1 sibling (10.0 %[9.6-10.3 %]) and those without siblings (10.4 %[9.7-11.0 %])(P for trend 0.03). We observed that number of siblings may be associated with increased risk of heart failure in women. As the associations were somewhat inconsistent in males and females, further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Pihlman
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tomi T. Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saku Ruohonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi P. Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, MRC Oulu and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Taittonen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, MRC Oulu and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
- Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma SA. Viikari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Joel Nuotio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Buckland G, Northstone K, Emmett PM, Taylor CM. Associations of childhood diet quality scores with arterial stiffness and carotid artery intima-media thickness in adolescence/early adulthood: findings from the ALSPAC cohort. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:720-735. [PMID: 38178807 PMCID: PMC10803818 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between childhood diet quality and arterial stiffness and thickness during adolescence/early adulthood. Participants were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) with dietary data at ages 7, 10 and 13 years and pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) at ages 17 and/or 24 years. Diet quality (DQ) was assessed using five scores: a children's Mediterranean-style diet (C-rMED) Z-score, a children's Dietary Inflammatory Z-score (C-DIS), a DASH diet Z-score, a children's Eatwell Guide (C-EWG) Z-score reflecting UK dietary guidelines and a data-driven obesogenic Z-score. Adjusted regression models examined the associations between DQ scores at 7-13 years and PWV and cIMT at 17 and 24 years. In adjusted models, a high v. low Obesogenic Z-score at 7 and 10 years was associated with higher PWV at 17: β 0.07 (95 % CI 0.01, 0.13) and β 0.10 (95 % CI 0.04, 0.16), respectively. A high v. low C-rMED Z-score at 7 years was associated with lower PWV at 17 (β -0.07; 95 % CI -0.14, -0.01). A high (more anti-inflammatory) vs low C-DIS Z-score at 10 years was associated with a lower PWV at 17 years: β -0.06 (95 % CI -0.12, -0.01). No other associations were observed. In conclusion, an Obesogenic dietary pattern in childhood (7-10 years) was related to increased arterial stiffness, while Mediterranean-style and anti-inflammatory diets were related to decreased arterial stiffness in adolescence. This highlights the importance of establishing healthy dietary habits early in life to protect against vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Buckland
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pauline M. Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline M. Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Pihlman J, Nuotio J, Rovio S, Pahkala K, Ruohonen S, Jokinen E, Laitinen TP, Burgner DP, Hutri-Kähönen N, Tossavainen P, Taittonen L, Kähönen M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Magnussen CG, Juonala M. Exposure to parental smoking and cardiac structure and function in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:15-23. [PMID: 36071613 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221119611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relationship between childhood tobacco smoke exposure and cardiac structure and function in midlife is unclear. We investigated the association between parental smoking with cardiac structure and function in adulthood. METHODS 1250 participants (56.5% female) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who had data on parental smoking and/or serum cotinine, a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke, at baseline 1980 (age 3-18 years) and echocardiography performed in 2011. Parental smoking hygiene (i.e., smoking in the vicinity of children) was categorized by parental smoking and serum cotinine levels in offspring. Dimensions of the left ventricle, diastolic and systolic function, and cardiac remodeling were used as outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, and covariates (blood pressure (BP), serum lipids, body mass index, socioeconomic status, smoking (only in adulthood)) in childhood and adulthood. RESULTS Parental smoking was not associated with systolic or diastolic function in adulthood. Participants exposed to parental smoking (odds ratio (OR) 1.90, 95%CI 1.23-2.92), hygienic parental smoking (OR 1.74, 95%CI 1.12-2.71), and non-hygienic parental smoking (OR 1.88, 95%CI 1.02-3.45) had higher odds of concentric remodeling (relative wall thickness >85th sex-specific percentile without left ventricular hypertrophy). These associations were attenuated after adjustment for child and adult covariates in the non-hygienic parental smoking group. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to parental smoking in childhood was associated with a higher likelihood of concentric remodeling and thicker left ventricular and interventricular septal walls in midlife, which was not improved by parents who smoked hygienically. Parental smoking was not related to systolic or diastolic function in this relatively young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Pihlman
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Joel Nuotio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Saku Ruohonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi P Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Taittonen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
- Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
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Hamulka J, Czarniecka-Skubina E, Gutkowska K, Drywień ME, Jeruszka-Bielak M. Nutrition-Related Knowledge, Diet Quality, Lifestyle, and Body Composition of 7-12-Years-Old Polish Students: Study Protocol of National Educational Project Junior-Edu-Żywienie (JEŻ). Nutrients 2023; 16:4. [PMID: 38201834 PMCID: PMC10780563 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing students' nutrition knowledge is an important goal of school education which may improve their lifestyle and consequently reduce the incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases, including obesity. This research aimed at assessing the dietary habits, nutrition-related knowledge and attitudes, and nutritional status of Polish students aged 7-12 years. Additional objectives included recognizing nutrition-related knowledge among their parents and teachers as well as the school food and nutrition environment. The final goal was to develop a nutrition education program. This study protocol presents a general and detailed approach for realizing the above-mentioned issues, including conducting quantitative and qualitative research. The study was designed as cross-sectional, covering primary school students from all over Poland, including rural, town, and metropolitan areas. Data on eating habits, lifestyle, nutrition-related knowledge, and attitudes were collected with questionnaires. Measurements of body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and handgrip strength were performed in accordance with the International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment (ISAK) recommendations. Body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Ultimately, 2218 schools from all 16 voivodeships in Poland registered for the project. In total, quantitative data were collected among 27,295 students, 17,070 parents, and 2616 teachers. Anthropometric measurements were taken among 18,521 students. The results allow us to develop a multifaceted educational program based on knowledge and adapted to the perception of students. Our research may contribute to the identification of subpopulations of children and adolescents at risk of excessive body weight and define the predictors of obesity risk in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.H.); (M.E.D.)
| | - Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Gutkowska
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Ewa Drywień
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.H.); (M.E.D.)
| | - Marta Jeruszka-Bielak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.H.); (M.E.D.)
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9
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Yoshida-Montezuma Y, Kirkwood D, Sivapathasundaram B, Keown-Stoneman CDG, de Souza RJ, To T, Borkhoff CM, Birken CS, Maguire JL, Brown HK, Anderson LN. Late preterm birth and growth trajectories during childhood: a linked retrospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:450. [PMID: 37684561 PMCID: PMC10485950 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that accelerated postnatal growth in children is detrimental for adult cardiovascular health. It is unclear whether children born late preterm (34-36 weeks) compared to full term (≥ 39 weeks), have different growth trajectories. Our objective was to evaluate the association between gestational age groups and growth trajectories of children born between 2006-2014 and followed to 2021 in Ontario, Canada. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children from singleton births in TARGet Kids! primary care network with repeated measures of weight and height/length from birth to 14 years, who were linked to health administrative databases. Piecewise linear mixed models were used to model weight (kg/month) and height (cm/month) trajectories with knots at 3, 12, and 84 months. Analyses were conducted based on chronological age. RESULTS There were 4423 children included with a mean of 11 weight and height measures per child. The mean age at the last visit was 5.9 years (Standard Deviation: 3.1). Generally, the more preterm, the lower the mean value of weight and height until early adolescence. Differences in mean weight and height for very/moderate preterm and late preterm compared to full term were evident until 12 months of age. Weight trajectories were similar between children born late preterm and full term with small differences from 84-168 months (mean difference (MD) -0.04 kg/month, 95% CI -0.06, -0.03). Children born late preterm had faster height gain from 0-3 months (MD 0.70 cm/month, 95% CI 0.42, 0.97) and 3-12 months (MD 0.17 cm/month, 95% CI 0.11, 0.22). CONCLUSIONS Compared to full term, children born late preterm had lower average weight and height from birth to 14 years, had a slightly slower rate of weight gain after 84 months and a faster rate of height gain from 0-12 months. Follow-up is needed to determine if growth differences are associated with long-term disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulika Yoshida-Montezuma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | | | - Charles D G Keown-Stoneman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Teresa To
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cornelia M Borkhoff
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hilary K Brown
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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10
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Champion KE, Chapman C, Sunderland M, Slade T, Barrett E, Kelly E, Stapinski L, Gardner LA, Teesson M, Newton NC. Associations Between Personality Traits and Energy Balance Behaviors in Emerging Adulthood: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e42244. [PMID: 37318870 DOI: 10.2196/42244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalizing and externalizing personality traits are robust risk factors for substance use and mental health, and personality-targeted interventions are effective in preventing substance use and mental health problems in youth. However, there is limited evidence for how personality relates to other lifestyle risk factors, such as energy balance-related behaviors, and how this might inform prevention efforts. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine concurrent cross-sectional associations between personality traits (ie, hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, and sensation seeking) and sleep, diet, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behaviors (SB), 4 of the leading risk factors for chronic disease, among emerging adults. METHODS Data were drawn from a cohort of young Australians who completed a web-based, self-report survey in 2019 during early adulthood. A series of Poisson and logistic regressions were conducted to examine the concurrent associations between the risk behaviors (sleep, diet, PA, and sitting and screen time) and personality traits (hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, and sensation seeking) among emerging adults in Australia. RESULTS A total of 978 participants (mean age 20.4, SD 0.5 years) completed the web-based survey. The results indicated that higher scores on hopelessness were associated with a greater daily screen (risk ratio [RR] 1.12, 95% CI 1.10-1.15) and sitting time (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.0-1.08). Similarly, higher scores on anxiety sensitivity were associated with a greater screen (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.07) and sitting time (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.07). Higher impulsivity was associated with greater PA (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.21) and screen time (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.08). Finally, higher scores on sensation seeking were associated with greater PA (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14) and lower screen time (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that personality should be considered when designing preventive interventions for lifestyle risk behaviors, particularly in relation to SB, such as sitting and screen time. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000026820; https://tinyurl.com/ykwcxspr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina E Champion
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cath Chapman
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma Barrett
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erin Kelly
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lexine Stapinski
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lauren A Gardner
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola C Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Iddrisu AK, Besing Karadaar I, Gurah Junior J, Ansu B, Ernest DA. Mixed effects logistic regression analysis of blood pressure among Ghanaians and associated risk factors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7728. [PMID: 37173375 PMCID: PMC10182051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) control is a global health issue with an increase in BP beyond the normal BP leading to different stages of hypertension in humans and hence the need to identify risk factors of BP for efficient and effective control. Multiple BP measurement have proven to provide BP readings close to the true BP status of the individual. In this study, we used multiple BP measurement data on 3809 Ghanaians to determine risk factors associated with BP. The data were obtained from World Health Organization study on Global AGEing and Adult Health. We defined high blood pressure (HBP) as [Formula: see text] 130/80 mmHg or normal as [Formula: see text] 130/80 mmHg. We provide summary statistics and also used the Chi-Square test to assess significance of association between HBP versus risk factors of HBP. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors of BP using the mixed effects logistic regression model. Data were analyzed using R version 4.2.2. The results showed that the risk of high blood pressure (HBP) decreases across the three measurement periods. There is reduced risk (OR = 0.274, 95% CI = 0.2008, 0.405) of HBP among male participants relative to female participants. The risk (OR = 2.771, 95% CI = 1.8658, 4.1145) of HBP increased by 2.771-folds among those who are 60 years and above relative to those below the age of 60 years. Those whose work involves/requires vigorous exercise has 1.631-fold increase in the risk (OR = 1.631, 95% CI = 1.1151, 2.3854) of HBP relative to those whose work does not involve vigorous exercise. There is approximately 5-folds increased in the risk (OR = 4.896, 95% CI = 1.9535, 12.2268) of among those who have ever been diagnosed with diabetes. The results also revealed high risk (OR = 1.649, 95%CI = 1.1108, 2.4486) of HBP among those who have formal education. The risk (OR = 1.009, 95% CI = 1.0044, 1.0137) of HBP increases with increasing weight and a reduced risk (OR = 0.996, 95% CI = 0.9921, 0.9993) of HBP with increasing height. We found that sad experience, either mild, moderate or severe, is associated with a reduced risk of HBP. Those who have vegetable servings at least 2 cups per day have increased risk of HBP and those who have fruits servings at least 2 cups per day is associated with a reduced risk of HBP, however this is not statistically significant. To achieve success in BP control, programs should be designed with the aim of reducing weight, educate those with formal eduction on issues relating to HBP. Those whose work requires vigorous exercise are recommended to have regular check-ups to ensure that pressure build-up in the lungs is cleared. SBP is lower for women at young age but continue to increase after menopause as their BP increase becomes salt-sensitive. Hence there is need to give more attention to menopausal women so as to improve BP. Both young and old individuals are recommended to practice regular exercise since this has shown to reduce risk of being overweight or becoming diabetic and reduces the risk of HBP at yong age and old age. Also, to improve blood pressure control, programs for management of blood pressure or hypertension should focus more short stature individuals since such people are more likely to experience HBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Karim Iddrisu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana.
| | | | - Joseph Gurah Junior
- Department of Mathematics and ICT, St. Ambrose College of Education, Dormaa-Akwamu, Ghana
| | - Bismark Ansu
- Department of Mathematics and ICT, St. Ambrose College of Education, Dormaa-Akwamu, Ghana
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12
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Nguyen V, Ferdinand KC. Primordial prevention: Reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in racial/ethnic populations. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:100278. [PMID: 38511089 PMCID: PMC10946006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2023.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Beyond pharmacotherapy in adulthood, primordial prevention in United States (U.S.) children and adolescents is needed to avoid the upcoming tsunami of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Healthcare disparities were unmasked by the disparate morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in racial/ethnic populations, especially in persons with obesity, diabetes, and CVD. One potential successful strategic improvement of childhood cardiovascular health is to reduce sugar consumption in early life as CVD is the number one cause of death in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Furthermore, cardiologists treat more patients with T2D than endocrinologists. This commentary challenges cardiovascular specialists and other clinicians to address the increasing burden of cardiometabolic and CVD in adults, especially in racial/ethnic populations, by supporting primordial prevention in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Keith C. Ferdinand
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
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13
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Champion KE, Gardner LA, McCann K, Hunter E, Parmenter B, Aitken T, Chapman C, Spring B, Thornton L, Slade T, Teesson M, Newton NC. Parent-based interventions to improve multiple lifestyle risk behaviors among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med 2022; 164:107247. [PMID: 36075490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle risk behaviors often co-occur and are prevalent among adolescents. Parent-based interventions addressing risk behaviors concurrently have the potential to improve youth and parent outcomes. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of parent-based interventions targeting multiple lifestyle risk behaviors among adolescents and parents. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycInfo (Ovid), Scopus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from 2010-May 2021. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of parent-based interventions addressing 2+ risk behaviors: alcohol use, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, sedentary behaviors, and poor sleep. Studies directly targeting parents, and that assessed adolescent outcomes (11-18 years) were eligible. Where possible, random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. From 11,975 identified records, 46 publications of 36 RCTs (n = 28,322 youth, n = 7385 parents) were eligible. Parent-based interventions were associated with improved adolescent moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.18, 2.81; p = 0.007], and reduced screen time (SMD = -0.39, 95% CI = -0.62, -0.16, p = 0.0009) and discretionary food intake (SMD = -0.18; 95% CI = -0.30, -0.06; p = 0.002) compared to controls. However, there was some evidence that interventions increased the odds of ever using tobacco in the medium-term (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 0.99, 2.18, p = 0.06) and of past month tobacco use in the long-term (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.90; p = 0.005). Overall, the quality of evidence was moderate. Parent-based interventions targeting multiple risk behaviors improved adolescent MVPA, and reduced screen time discretionary food intake. Further research is needed to address sleep problems and increase intervention efficacy, particularly for alcohol and tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina E Champion
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building GO2, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 Sydney, Australia.
| | - Lauren A Gardner
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building GO2, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Karrah McCann
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building GO2, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Hunter
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building GO2, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Belinda Parmenter
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Wallace Wurth Building (C27), Cnr High St & Botany St, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tess Aitken
- University of Sydney Library, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Cath Chapman
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building GO2, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Bonnie Spring
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Dr, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Louise Thornton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building GO2, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callahan NSW, 2308 Newcastle, Australia; School of Public Health and Community Medicine UNSW, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building GO2, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building GO2, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola C Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Level 6, Jane Foss Russell Building GO2, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 Sydney, Australia
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14
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Danielsson O, Nano J, Pahkala K, Rospleszcz S, Lehtimäki T, Schlett CL, Kähönen M, Bamberg F, Raitakari O, Peters A, Nissinen MJ, Åberg FO. Validity of fatty liver disease indices in the presence of alcohol consumption. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:1349-1360. [PMID: 35723012 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2085060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-related liver disease frequently coexist. While several blood-based indices exist for the detection of NAFLD, few studies have examined how alcohol use possibly impacts their diagnostic performance. We analysed the effects of alcohol use on the performance of indices for detecting fatty liver disease (FLD). METHODS We included participants from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (Finnish sample) and KORA study (German sample) who underwent abdominal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, respectively, for detection of FLD and had serum analyses available for calculation of Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), and Dallas Steatosis Index (DSI). Alcohol use was estimated by questionnaires as mean daily consumption and binge drinking (Finnish sample only). Predictive performance for FLD was assessed according to alcohol consumption. RESULTS The study included 1426 (Finnish sample) and 385 (German sample) individuals, of which 234 (16%) and 168 (44%) had FLD by imaging. When alcohol consumption was <50 g/day, all indices discriminated FLD with area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of 0.82-0.88. AUROCs were 0.61-0.66 among heavy drinkers (>50 g/day). AUROCs decreased to 0.74-0.80 in the highest binge-drinking category (>2 times/week). Alcohol use correlated with FLI and LAP (r-range 0.09-0.16, p-range <.001-.02) in both samples and with DSI (r = 0.13, p < .001) in the Finnish sample. CONCLUSIONS Indices perform well and comparably for detection of FLD with alcohol consumption <50 g/day and with different binge-drinking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Danielsson
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanne Rospleszcz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Christopher L Schlett
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Fabian Bamberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markku J Nissinen
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fredrik O Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Primordial Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2022; 42:389-396. [DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Guo Y. Focusing on cardiovascular health in early life: the application of echocardiography. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2022; 38:2127-2128. [PMID: 37726470 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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17
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Candelino M, Tagi VM, Chiarelli F. Cardiovascular risk in children: a burden for future generations. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:57. [PMID: 35410281 PMCID: PMC8996670 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of death and health costs in developed countries. Although cardiovascular diseases are thought to affect only adulthood, the underlying process of atherosclerosis begins in the first decade of life. Epidemiological studies show that severity of atherosclerosis depends both on the number and intensity of risk factors. Early detection of cardiovascular risk in childhood is the most powerful tool to prevent cardiovascular accidents in adulthood and possibly reduce its consequent burden for the future. A large amount of cardiovascular risk factors is already detectable in childhood and include non-modifiable elements, among which genetic factors and congenital heart diseases, and modifiable elements, which depend on environmental effects (e.g. lifestyle and nutrition). Regardless of the possibility to intervene on these factors, an early diagnosis is fundamental to ensure an optimal life expectancy in adulthood. The most important cardiovascular risk factors in the paediatric age and adolescence are excess weight, arterial hypertension, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism alterations. In this review we will discuss the main risk factors strictly correlated with cardiac and vessels diseases, focusing on their pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatments.
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18
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Leopold JA, Antman EM. Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Young Adults With Established Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:814610. [PMID: 35252395 PMCID: PMC8893279 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.814610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among young adults in the United States that has been attributed, in part, to a rise in overweight and obesity, use of combustible tobacco and unhealthy diet and exercise patterns. These factors are influenced further by socioeconomic status and other social determinants of health. In the My Research Legacy study, we examined ideal cardiovascular health in young adults aged 18– <50 years with cardiovascular disease using the Life's Simple 7 survey and data from digital health devices. Young adults with cardiovascular disease (n = 349) were older, had a lower socioeconomic status, a higher prevalence of risk factors, and lower Life's Simple 7 Health Scores (6.4 ± 1.5 vs. 7.1 ± 1.5, p < 0.01) compared to young adults without cardiovascular disease (n = 696). Analysis of digital health device data revealed that young adults with cardiovascular disease performed a similar number of weekly minutes of moderate and vigorous exercise as those without disease leading to similar ideal activity scores. Young adults with cardiovascular disease also shared similarities in modifiable risk factors with adults aged ≥50 years with cardiovascular disease (n = 217), including weight, dietary habits, and weekly minutes of exercise. Latent class analysis identified two phenogroups of young adults with cardiovascular disease: phenogroup 1 was characterized by more advantageous cardiovascular health factors and behaviors resulting in higher Life's Simple 7 Health Scores than phenogroup 2 (7.4 ± 1.2 vs. 5.5 ± 1.1, p < 0.01). These findings in young adults with cardiovascular disease may inform the design of behavioral and therapeutic interventions in the future to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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19
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Laaksonen J, Mishra PP, Seppälä I, Raitoharju E, Marttila S, Mononen N, Lyytikäinen LP, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Lepistö M, Almusa H, Ellonen P, Lorkowski S, März W, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari O, Kähönen M, Salonen JT, Lehtimäki T. Mitochondrial genome-wide analysis of nuclear DNA methylation quantitative trait loci. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1720-1732. [PMID: 35077545 PMCID: PMC9122653 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondria have a complex communication network with the surrounding cell and can alter nuclear DNA methylation (DNAm). Variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has also been linked to differential DNAm. Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous DNAm quantitative trait loci, but these studies have not examined the mitochondrial genome. Herein, we quantified nuclear DNAm from blood and conducted a mitochondrial genome-wide association study of DNAm, with an additional emphasis on sex- and prediabetes-specific heterogeneity. We used the Young Finns Study (n = 926) with sequenced mtDNA genotypes as a discovery sample and sought replication in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study (n = 2317). We identified numerous significant associations in the discovery phase (P < 10−9), but they were not replicated when accounting for multiple testing. In total, 27 associations were nominally replicated with a P < 0.05. The replication analysis presented no evidence of sex- or prediabetes-specific heterogeneity. The 27 associations were included in a joint meta-analysis of the two cohorts, and 19 DNAm sites associated with mtDNA variants, while four other sites showed haplogroup associations. An expression quantitative trait methylation analysis was performed for the identified DNAm sites, pinpointing two statistically significant associations. This study provides evidence of a mitochondrial genetic control of nuclear DNAm with little evidence found for sex- and prediabetes-specific effects. The lack of a comparable mtDNA data set for replication is a limitation in our study and further studies are needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Laaksonen
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, Tampere FI-33014, Finland. Tel: +358 504080774; E-mail:
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Saara Marttila
- Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Maija Lepistö
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Henrikki Almusa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Pekka Ellonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena 07743, Germany
- SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Augsburg 86156, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
- Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Jukka T Salonen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- MAS-Metabolic Analytical Services Oy, Helsinki 00990, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
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20
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Pihlman J, Magnussen CG, Rovio SP, Pahkala K, Jokinen E, Laitinen TP, Hutri-Kähönen N, Tossavainen P, Taittonen L, Kähönen M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Juonala M, Nuotio J. Association between Number of Siblings and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood and in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. J Pediatr 2021; 237:87-95.e1. [PMID: 34087153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of number of siblings on cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and in adulthood. STUDY DESIGN In total, 3554 participants (51% female) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with cardiovascular disease risk factor data at baseline 1980 (age 3-18 years) and 2491 participants with longitudinal risk factor data at the 2011 follow-up. Participants were categorized by number of siblings at baseline (0, 1, or more than 1). Risk factors (body mass index, physical activity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and overweight, and metabolic syndrome) in childhood and in adulthood were used as outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS In childhood, participants without siblings had higher body mass index (18.2 kg/m2, 95% CI 18.0-18.3) than those with 1 sibling (17.9 kg/m2, 95% CI 17.8-18.0) or more than 1 sibling (17.8 kg/m2, 95% CI 17.7-17.9). Childhood physical activity index was lower among participants without siblings (SD -0.08, 95% CI -0.16-0.00) compared with participants with 1 sibling (SD 0.06, 95%CI 0.01-0.11) or more than 1 sibling (SD -0.02, 95% CI -0.07-0.03). OR for adulthood hypertension was lower among participants with 1 sibling (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.98) and more than 1 sibling (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52-0.97) compared with participants with no siblings. OR for obesity was lower among participants with 1 sibling (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54-0.95) and more than 1 sibling (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56-1.01) compared with those with no siblings. CONCLUSIONS Children without siblings had poorer cardiovascular risk factor levels in childhood and in adulthood. The number of siblings could help identify individuals at increased risk that might benefit from early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Pihlman
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Center, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi P Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Taittonen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Joel Nuotio
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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21
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Buckland G, Taylor CM, Emmett PM, Johnson L, Northstone K. Prospective association between a Mediterranean-style dietary score in childhood and cardiometabolic risk in young adults from the ALSPAC birth cohort. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:737-752. [PMID: 34532761 PMCID: PMC8854247 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prospective association between a children's relative Mediterranean-style diet score (C-rMED) in childhood and a Cardiometabolic Risk (CMR) score in adolescence/young adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). METHODS A C-rMED was calculated at 7, 10 and 13 years from diet diary data. Anthropometric and biochemical data at 17 (N = 1940) and 24 years (N = 1961) were used to calculate CMR scores (sum of sex-specific log-transformed z-scores from triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, mean arterial blood pressure, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fat mass index (FMI)). Adjusted logistic regression models examined associations between C-rMED (categorical and 2-unit increments) and a high CMR score (≥ 80th percentile) and individual CMR components (≥ 80th percentile). RESULTS A high C-rMED at 13 was associated with a 32% (OR 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.94)) decreased adjusted odds of having a high CMR score at 24 years, compared to participants with a low C-rMED. No associations were evident at other ages. Tracking of the C-rMED across the three ages showed a stronger negative association between C-rMED and CMR at 24 years when children had at least two high C-rMED scores from 7 to 13 years (adjusted OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.85), compared to all low scores. FMI and HOMA-IR were the main CMR components contributing to this association. CONCLUSION Higher Mediterranean-style diet scores in early adolescence were associated with a better CMR profile in young adults (24 year olds). This underscores the importance of establishing healthy eating habits early in life for future cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Buckland
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pauline M Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Johnson
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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22
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Azukaitis K, Jankauskiene A, Schaefer F, Shroff R. Pathophysiology and consequences of arterial stiffness in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:1683-1695. [PMID: 32894349 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Changes in arterial structure and function are seen early in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and have been causally associated with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. Numerous potential injuries encompassing both traditional and uremia-specific CV risk factors can induce structural arterial changes and accelerate arterial stiffening. When the buffering capacity of the normally elastic arteries is reduced, damage to vulnerable microcirculatory beds can occur. Moreover, the resultant increase to cardiac afterload contributes to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Adult studies have linked arterial stiffness with increased risk of mortality, CV events, cognitive decline, and CKD progression. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is currently the gold standard of arterial stiffness assessment but its measurement in children is challenging due to technical difficulties and physiologic aspects related to growth and poor standardization between algorithms for calculating PWV. Nevertheless, studies in pediatric CKD have reported increased arterial stiffness in children with advanced CKD, on dialysis, and after kidney transplantation. Development of arterial stiffness in children with CKD is closely related to mineral-bone disease and hypertension, but other factors may also play a significant role. The clinical relevance of accelerated arterial stiffness in childhood on cardiovascular outcomes in adult life remains unclear, and prospective studies are needed. In this review we discuss mechanisms leading to arterial stiffness in CKD and its clinical implications, along with issues surrounding the technical aspects of arterial stiffness assessment in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolis Azukaitis
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu 4, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Augustina Jankauskiene
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu 4, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rukshana Shroff
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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23
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Associations Between Meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk in Young Children. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2021; 33:112-119. [PMID: 33992028 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2020-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The authors aimed to examine the association between meeting the integrative movement behavior guidelines (physical activity, screen viewing, and sleep) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors in young children. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, physical activity, screen viewing, and sleep were assessed using parent-reported data. The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (0-4 y) were defined as 180 minutes of physical activity/day (of which ≥60 min should be moderate-to-vigorous intensity), ≤1 hour of screen viewing/day, and 10 to 13 hours of sleep/night. Waist circumference, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure were measured in a clinical setting by trained staff. A total CMR score and individual CMR factors served as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. RESULTS Of the 767 participants (3-4 y), 26.4% met none of the guideline's recommendations, whereas 41.3%, 33.1%, and 10.6% of the sample met 1, 2, or all 3 recommendations, respectively. The number of recommendations met was not associated with the total CMR score or individual CMR factors (P > .05), with the exceptions of high-density lipoprotein (odds ratio = 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 2.33; P = .01). CONCLUSION Meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in early childhood was not associated with overall CMR, but was associated with favorable cholesterol outcomes.
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24
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Saarinen AI, Keltner D, Dobewall H, Lehtimäki T, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hintsanen M. The relationship of socioeconomic status in childhood and adulthood with compassion: A study with a prospective 32-year follow-up. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248226. [PMID: 33760844 PMCID: PMC7990193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate (i) whether childhood family SES predicts offspring’s compassion between ages 20–50 years and (ii) whether adulthood SES predicts compassion or vice versa. We used the prospective population-based Young Finns data (N = 637–2300). Childhood family SES was evaluated in 1980; participants’ adulthood SES in 2001 and 2011; and compassion for others in 1997, 2001, and 2012. Compassion for others was evaluated with the Compassion scale of the Temperament and Character Inventory. The results showed that high childhood family SES (a composite score of educational level, occupational status, unemployment status, and level of income) predicted offspring’s higher compassion between ages 30–40 years but not in early adulthood or middle age. These results were obtained independently of a variety of potential confounders (disruptive behavior in childhood; parental mental disorder; frequency of parental alcohol use and alcohol intoxication). Moreover, high compassion for others in adulthood (a composite score of educational level, occupational status, and unemployment status) predicted higher adulthood SES later in their life (after a 10-year follow-up), but not vice versa. In conclusion, favorable socioeconomic environment in childhood appears to have a positive effect on offspring’s compassion in their middle adulthood. This effect may attenuate by middle age. High compassion for others seems to promote the achievement of higher SES in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino I. Saarinen
- Research Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Dacher Keltner
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Henrik Dobewall
- Research Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Research Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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25
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Heiskanen JS, Ruohonen S, Rovio SP, Pahkala K, Kytö V, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari JSA, Juonala M, Laitinen T, Tossavainen P, Jokinen E, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari OT. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Adulthood. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-016691. [PMID: 33558307 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-016691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, blood pressure, and physical inactivity, have been identified as modifiable determinants of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in adulthood. However, the links between childhood cardiovascular risk factor burden and adulthood LV diastolic function are unknown. To address this lack of knowledge, we aimed to identify childhood risk factors associated with LV diastolic function in the participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. METHODS Study participants (N = 1871; 45.9% men; aged 34-49 years) were examined repeatedly between the years 1980 and 2011. We determined the cumulative risk exposure in childhood (age 6-18 years) as the area under the curve for systolic blood pressure, adiposity (defined by using skinfold and waist circumference measurements), physical activity, serum insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols. Adulthood LV diastolic function was defined by using E/é ratio. RESULTS Elevated systolic blood pressure and increased adiposity in childhood were associated with worse adulthood LV diastolic function, whereas higher physical activity level in childhood was associated with better adulthood LV diastolic function (P < .001 for all). The associations of childhood adiposity and physical activity with adulthood LV diastolic function remained significant (both P < .05) but were diluted when the analyses were adjusted for adulthood systolic blood pressure, adiposity, and physical activity. The association between childhood systolic blood pressure and adult LV diastolic function was diluted to nonsignificant (P = .56). CONCLUSIONS Adiposity status and the level of physical activity in childhood are independently associated with LV diastolic function in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko S Heiskanen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; .,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saku Ruohonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Kytö
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; and
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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26
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Laaksonen J, Mishra PP, Seppälä I, Lyytikäinen LP, Raitoharju E, Mononen N, Lepistö M, Almusa H, Ellonen P, Hutri-Kähönen N, Juonala M, Raitakari O, Kähönen M, Salonen JT, Lehtimäki T. Examining the effect of mitochondrial DNA variants on blood pressure in two Finnish cohorts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:611. [PMID: 33436758 PMCID: PMC7804469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases. The effect of mitochondrial DNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs) on BP is less known than that of nuclear SNPs. We investigated the mitochondrial genetic determinants of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP. MtSNPs were determined from peripheral blood by sequencing or with genome-wide association study SNP arrays in two independent Finnish cohorts, the Young Finns Study and the Finnish Cardiovascular Study, respectively. In total, over 4200 individuals were included. The effects of individual common mtSNPs, with an additional focus on sex-specificity, and aggregates of rare mtSNPs grouped by mitochondrial genes were evaluated by meta-analysis of linear regression and a sequence kernel association test, respectively. We accounted for the predicted pathogenicity of the rare variants within protein-encoding and the tRNA regions. In the meta-analysis of 87 common mtSNPs, we did not observe significant associations with any of the BP traits. Sex-specific and rare-variant analyses did not pinpoint any significant associations either. Our results are in agreement with several previous studies suggesting that mtDNA variation does not have a significant role in the regulation of BP. Future studies might need to reconsider the mechanisms thought to link mtDNA with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Laaksonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maija Lepistö
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrikki Almusa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Ellonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka T Salonen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,MAS-Metabolic Analytical Services Oy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
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27
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Holt RR, Zuelch ML, Charoenwoodhipong P, Al-Dashti YA, Hackman RM, Keen CL. Effects of short-term consumption of strawberry powder on select parameters of vascular health in adolescent males. Food Funct 2020; 11:32-44. [PMID: 31942892 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States and much of the developed world, costing billions of dollars in lost work time, lower productivity and high health care expenditures. Research on foods and bioactive food components that have cardioprotective benefits may provide new insights as to how modest changes in one's diet may result in a reduced risk of vascular disease. In intervention trials, the consumption of strawberries, either fresh or freeze-dried, has been reported to improve select markers of cardiovascular health, including improved lipid profiles, microvascular function, and platelet reactivity. Consistent with the above, epidemiological studies suggest beneficial effects of strawberries on vascular function. Preliminary studies on the effects of freeze-dried strawberry powder on vascular health are reviewed in the current paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta R Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Although progress had been made in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, the positive trend has reversed in recent years, and CVD remains the most common cause of mortality in US women and men. Youth represent the future of CVD prevention; emerging evidence suggests exposure to risk factors in children contributes to atherosclerosis and results in vascular changes and increased CVD events. The contributors to CVD include those commonly seen in adults. This article reviews hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and smoking. It discusses the prevalence of each disease, diagnosis, treatment, and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Clauss
- Children's National Medical Center, George Washington School of Medicine, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC 20010, USA.
| | - Sarah D de Ferranti
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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29
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Vanderloo LM, Maguire JL, Dai DWH, Parkin PC, Borkhoff CM, Tremblay MS, Anderson LN, Birken CS. Association of Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children 3-12 Years. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:800-806. [PMID: 32677625 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and a total cardio metabolic risk (CMR) score in children aged 3-12 years. Secondary objectives were to examine the association between PA and individual CMR factors. METHODS A longitudinal study with repeated measures was conducted with participants from a large primary care practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada. Mixed effects models were used to examine the relationship between parent-reported physical activity and outcome variables (total CMR score, triglycerides, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, weight-to-height ratio, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). RESULTS Data from 1885 children (6.06 y, 54.4% male) with multiple visits (n = 2670) were included in the analyses. For every unit increase of 60 minutes of PA, there was no evidence of an association with total CMR score (adjusted: -0.02 [-0.014 to 0.004], P = .11]. For the individual CMR components, there was evidence of a weak association between PA and systolic blood pressure (-0.01 [-0.03 to -0.01], P < .001) and waist-to-height ratio (-0.81 [-1.62 to -0.003], P < .001). CONCLUSION Parent-reported PA among children aged 3-12 years was not statistically associated with total CMR, but was weakly associated with systolic blood pressure and waist-to-height ratio.
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30
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Li X, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Lebovic G, Omand JA, Adeli K, Hamilton JK, Hanley AJ, Mamdani M, McCrindle BW, Sievenpiper JL, Tremblay MS, Maguire JL, Parkin PC, Birken CS. The association between body mass index trajectories and cardiometabolic risk in young children. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12633. [PMID: 32181602 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid growth is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adolescence and adulthood. Little is known about whether the association between rapid growth and increased CMR originates in early childhood. OBJECTIVES To identify age and sex standardized body mass index (zBMI) trajectories and to examine the association between zBMI trajectories and CMR outcomes in children 0 to 60 months. STUDY DESIGN A longitudinal cohort study was conducted through The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) in Toronto, Canada. Participants had repeated measures of weight and length or height performed from birth to 60 months of age. Latent class mixed modelling was used to identify the zBMI trajectories. Linear regressions were performed to determine the association between zBMI trajectories and the primary outcome, a CMR score, quantified as the sum of age- and sex- standardized waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, log-triglycerides and negative high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), divided by √5. Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the CMR formula as well as diastolic blood pressure and non-HDL-C. RESULTS Four BMI trajectories were identified among the 1166 children. After adjusting for all covariates, children in the rapidly accelerating trajectory had increased total CMR score (β = 1.38, 95% CI 0.77; 1.99, P < .001) and increased waist circumference score (β = 2.39, 95% CI 1.92; 2.86, P < .001) compared to the stable low group. CONCLUSIONS Rapid growth during early childhood is associated with increased CMR in preschool children, largely driven by larger waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedi Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles D G Keown-Stoneman
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerald Lebovic
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica A Omand
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Clinical Biochemistry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill K Hamilton
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad Mamdani
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian W McCrindle
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Preventative Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia C Parkin
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Aumueller N, Gruszfeld D, Gradowska K, Escribano J, Ferré N, Martin F, Poncelet P, Verduci E, ReDionigi A, Koletzko B, Grote V. Influence of total sugar intake on metabolic blood markers at 8 years of age in the Childhood Obesity Project. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:435-442. [PMID: 32377804 PMCID: PMC7867537 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to characterize the association of dietary sugar intake with blood lipids and glucose-related markers in childhood. Methods Data from the multicentric European Childhood Obesity Project Trial were used. Three-day weighed dietary records were obtained at 8 years of age along with serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, and insulin. Total sugar intake comprised all mono- and disaccharides; different sugar sources were defined. Linear regression models were applied to investigate the cross-sectional association of total sugar intake with blood lipids and glucose-related markers with adjustment for total energy intake using the residual method. Results Data were available for 325 children. Children consumed on average 332 kcal (SD 110) and 21% (SD 6) of energy from total sugar. In an energy-adjusted model, an increase of 100 kcal from total sugar per day was significantly associated with a z score HDL-C decrease (− 0.14; 95% CI − 0.01, − 0.27; p value = 0.031). Concerning different food groups of total sugar intake, 100 kcal total sugar from sweetened beverages was negatively associated with z score HDL-C (− 1.67; 95% CI − 0.42, − 2.91; p value = 0.009), while total sugar from milk products was positively related to z score HDL-C (1.38, 95% CI 0.03, 2.72; p value = 0.045). None of the other blood lipids or glucose-related markers showed a significant relationship with total sugar intake. Conclusion Increasing dietary total sugar intake in children, especially from sweetened beverages, was associated with unfavorable effects on HDL-C, which might increase the long-term risk for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Clinical trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00338689; Registered: June 19, 2006. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00338689?term=NCT00338689&rank=1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02229-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Aumueller
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Gradowska
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joaquín Escribano
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Natalia Ferré
- Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | | | | | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Peadiatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice ReDionigi
- Department of Peadiatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
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Lee PH, Kuo SY, Ou TS, Lin YK, Chi MJ, Chen SR, Lin PC, Lai HR. Predicting Exercise Intentions and Behaviors of Taiwanese Children in a Longitudinal Sample. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 51:e50-e56. [PMID: 31471175 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary purpose of this study was to investigate changes in exercise intentions and behaviors among children across time. Then, we investigated how determinants in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predicted exercise intentions and behaviors, and explored if demographic predictors contributed to predicting behaviors. DESIGN AND METHODS A three-wave, 12-month longitudinal study was conducted. A proportional stratified random sampling method was adopted, and 1997 children from 11 elementary schools in Taipei City were recruited. Numbers of participants were 1074, 1064, and 995 at times 1, 2, and 3, respectively. RESULTS Children's exercise intentions and behaviors significantly changed (both p < .05) during a 6-month interval. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) at time 1 could respectively explain 51.0% and 17.1% of the variance in time 1 and 2 intentions (F(3, 1068) = 372.20, F(3, 1059) = 73.92, both p < .001). PBC was the strongest predictor of the intention to exercise. Intentions were the immediate determinant of exercise behaviors. PBC not only indirectly affected exercise behaviors through intentions but also directly affected exercise behaviors. Gender and sports club participation directly affected children's exercise behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the TPB model being suitable for use in longitudinal studies; its core constructs significantly predicted children's exercise intentions and behaviors. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study highlights that clinical practitioners and school nurses working with children can help youth engage in regular exercise by enhancing their intentions and perceived behavioral control, and cultivating positive attitudes and subjective norms when planning exercise intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Hsia Lee
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Yu Kuo
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzung-Shiang Ou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- Research Center of Biostatistics, School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ju Chi
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Master Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Ru Chen
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing and School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Chu Lin
- Master Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Ru Lai
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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33
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Veru-Lesmes F, Rho A, Joober R, Iyer S, Malla A. Socioeconomic deprivation and blood lipids in first-episode psychosis patients with minimal antipsychotic exposure: Implications for cardiovascular risk. Schizophr Res 2020; 216:111-117. [PMID: 31899097 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of socioeconomic deprivation on the cardiovascular health of patients with psychosis-spectrum disorders (PSD) has not been investigated despite the growing recognition of social factors as determinants of health, and the disproportionate rates of cardiovascular mortality observed in PSD. Discordant results have been documented when studying dyslipidemia -a core cardiovascular risk factor- in first-episode psychosis (FEP), before chronic exposure to antipsychotic medications. The objective of the present study is to determine the extent to which socioeconomic deprivation affects blood lipids in patients with FEP, and examine its implications for cardiovascular risk in PSD. METHODS Linear regression models, controlling for age, sex, exposure to pharmacotherapy, and physical anergia, were used to test the association between area-based measures of material and social deprivation and blood lipid levels in a sample of FEP patients (n = 208). RESULTS Social, but not material deprivation, was associated with lower levels of total and HDL cholesterol. This effect was statistically significant in patients with affective psychoses, but not in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to other reports from the literature, the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and blood lipid levels was contingent on the social rather than the material aspects of deprivation. Furthermore, this association also depended on the main diagnostic category of psychosis, suggesting a complex interaction between the environment, psychopathology, and physical health. Future studies exploring health issues in psychosis might benefit from taking these associations into consideration. A better understanding of the biology of blood lipids in this context is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Veru-Lesmes
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aldanie Rho
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Srividya Iyer
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ashok Malla
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Wellman RJ, Sylvestre MP, Abi Nader P, Chiolero A, Mesidor M, Dugas EN, Tougri G, O'Loughlin J. Intensity and frequency of physical activity and high blood pressure in adolescents: A longitudinal study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:283-290. [PMID: 31955514 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite limited evidence on the association between physical activity (PA) and blood pressure (BP) in youth, experts recommend that adolescents engage regularly in moderate-to-vigorous PA. We examined the relationships between PA intensity and frequency and the likelihood of having high BP in a population-based cohort of adolescents from Montréal, Canada. PA was self-reported every 3 months from grade 7 to 11, and BP was measured at ages 12.8, 15.2, and 17.0 years on average. We analyzed data from 993 participants (mean [SD] age = 16.0 [1.0], 51.6% female) with BP data at ages 15.2 and/or 17.0 years, using pooled ordinal logistic regression. BP (normal/elevated/hypertensive range) was the outcome, and past-year PA intensity and frequency were potential predictors. Eight percent of participants had elevated BP (120-129/<80), and 3.2% had BP in the hypertensive range (≥130/≥80). Participants engaged in a median (interquartile range) of 7.0 (4.5, 9.3) and 5.5 (2, 10.8) moderate and vigorous PA sessions/week, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, mother's education, use of alcohol and cigarette consumption, engaging in PA more intense than light during the previous year was associated with a lower odds of having BP in the hypertensive range (ORs [95% CIs] = 0.93 [0.88, 0.97] to 0.97 [0.94, 0.99]). The relationships were not altered by adjusting for BMI. Our findings support recommendations that adolescents engage in at least moderate PA on a regular basis to prevent development of BP in the hypertensive range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Wellman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Abi Nader
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Arnaud Chiolero
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Institute of Primary Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Miceline Mesidor
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Erika N Dugas
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer O'Loughlin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Childhood social preference and adolescent insulin resistance: Accounting for the indirect effects of obesity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 113:104557. [PMID: 31884323 PMCID: PMC6953604 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and Type II diabetes are increasingly common among young people in the United States. The quality of social relationships is a predictor of cardiometabolic health among adults, but has not been studied as a predictor of earlier insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to test whether social preference (likeability) during childhood predicts insulin resistance and a measure of central adiposity during adolescence. Obesity also was examined as one mechanism through which this association occurs. Data came from a long-term longitudinal community study. At approximately age 7, 240 children were rated by their classmates on how liked and how disliked they were (difference score indexes social preference). Nine years later, at age 16, the same children visited the university laboratory where height, weight, and several measures of central adiposity (waist circumference, sagittal diameter, and waist-to-height ratio) were assessed by trained interviewers. Adolescents also provided fasted blood samples, from which HOMA-estimated insulin resistance was assessed. A path model yielded adequate to good fit indices, χ2 (3, N = 240) = 6.689, p = .08, CFI = .97, RMSEA = .07 [95% CI = .00, .14], sRMR = .03. Results indicated that greater social preference at age 7 was significantly associated with lower IR at age 16. These findings suggest that children who are less liked by their classmates are more likely to demonstrate increased risk of IR. Additionally, BMI at age 15 was positively associated with both IR and WC at age 16. A bootstrapping procedure (10,000 draws) indicated that a child's likeability is associated with IR and WC through the association of likeability with later weight status. The quality of social relationships in childhood is important to consider when trying to understand the recent rise in adolescents' cardiometabolic risk and when considering intervention strategies.
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36
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Vitamin B2 and Folate Concentrations are Associated with ARA, EPA and DHA Fatty Acids in Red Blood Cells of Brazilian Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122918. [PMID: 31810311 PMCID: PMC6950420 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins B2, B6, B12, and folate are essential for methylation reactions and possibly influence the transport of polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma and red blood cells (RBC). Associations between B-vitamin biomarkers and fatty acid (FA) profile were analyzed in Brazilian children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 249 children and adolescents, aged 9–13 years old. Dietary intake was assessed by the food frequency questionnaire and the healthy eating index (HEI). Biomarkers for vitamins B2, B6, B12, and folate were measured in plasma. The FA profile and the metabolites of one-carbon metabolism were measured in RBC. Associations were tested with multiple linear regression models. An increase of 1 nmol/L in vitamin B2 was associated with an increase of 0.19 mg/dL of EPA, 0.20 mg/dL of ARA, and 0.25 mg/dL of DHA in RBC. An increase of 1 ng/mL in plasma folate was associated with an increase of 0.14 mg/dL of EPA, 0.22 mg/dL of ARA, and 0.21 mg/dL of DHA in RBC. These findings highlight the importance of an adequate intake of vitamin B2 and folate in childhood, since they may improve the FA profile in RBCs and may help prevent cardiovascular disease.
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37
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Polenova NV, Kosura SD, Varaeva YR, Livancova EN, Starodubova AV. [Non-pharmaceutical treatment of dyslipidemia: review of current methods of diet and nutraceuticals]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:4-14. [PMID: 31441736 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of nutrition in the development and progression of atherosclerosis is well known. The correction of diet in patients with dyslipidemia is important as an independent intervention (in the group of patients with low and, partially, moderate cardiovascular risk), and as an addition to drug therapy in patients with at higher risk of cardiovascular events. The current review describes the effect of modern methods of diet therapy, as well as the use of a number of nutraceutical agents in terms of evidence-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Polenova
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology
| | - S D Kosura
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology
| | - Yu R Varaeva
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology
| | - E N Livancova
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology
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38
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Rey-Lopez JP, Hashem R, Hamer M, Mcmunn A, Whincup PH, Owen CG, Stamatakis E. Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associations with socioeconomic indicators: the study of health and activity among adolescents in Kuwait. Minerva Pediatr 2019; 71:326-332. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.18.04911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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39
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Bao C, Dilks LC, Flessner R, Bao S. Accidental Finding of Atherosclerosis with 90% Stenosis of the Coronary Artery In a 17-Year-Old White Male. Acad Forensic Pathol 2019; 8:947-951. [PMID: 31240083 DOI: 10.1177/1925362118821493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, though no case reports of teenage deaths due to the disease were found after extensive literary research. A case is presented of a 17-year-old male driver involved in a motor vehicle collision. Autopsy examination revealed multiple blunt force injuries. Approximately 3 mm of the middle portion of the left anterior descending coronary artery displayed about 90% atherosclerotic stenosis. It was determined that the cause of death was ventricular fibrillation due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The consultation with the parents and possible finding of hypercholesterolemia are discussed in the report.
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Daniels SR, Pratt CA, Hollister EB, Labarthe D, Cohen DA, Walker JR, Beech BM, Balagopal PB, Beebe DW, Gillman MW, Goodrich JM, Jaquish C, Kit B, Miller AL, Olds D, Oken E, Rajakumar K, Sherwood NE, Spruijt-Metz D, Steinberger J, Suglia SF, Teitelbaum SL, Urbina EM, Van Horn L, Ward D, Young ME. Promoting Cardiovascular Health in Early Childhood and Transitions in Childhood through Adolescence: A Workshop Report. J Pediatr 2019; 209:240-251.e1. [PMID: 30904171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Charlotte A Pratt
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Emily B Hollister
- Department of Information Technology & Analytics, Diversigen, Inc, Houston, TX
| | - Darwin Labarthe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Jenelle R Walker
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bettina M Beech
- Department of Pediatrics and Family Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Centre, Jackson, MS
| | - P Babu Balagopal
- Nemours Children's Clinic, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Dean W Beebe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Matthew W Gillman
- Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Cashell Jaquish
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brian Kit
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David Olds
- Prevention Research Center for Family and Child Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Inc, Wellesley, MA
| | - Kumaravel Rajakumar
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nancy E Sherwood
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Donna Spruijt-Metz
- Dornsife Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, University, Chicago, IL
| | - Dianne Ward
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Herrington L, Susi A, Gorman G, Nylund CM, Hisle-Gorman E. Factors Affecting Pediatric Dyslipidemia Screening and Treatment. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2019; 58:502-510. [PMID: 30793626 DOI: 10.1177/0009922819832068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Identification and management of dyslipidemia in childhood can reduce future cardiovascular risk. We performed a retrospective cohort study of children ages 2 to 18 years during 2009 to 2013 to evaluate factors that affect screening and treatment of pediatric dyslipidemia related to 2011 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines. Logistic regression analysis determined the impact of NHLBI-identified factors on odds of being screened, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and receiving pharmacotherapy. A total of 1 736 032 children were included; 113 780 (6.6%) were screened for dyslipidemia. Screening in 9 to 11 year olds increased from 2009 to 2012. Of children screened, 18 801 (16.5%) had elevated LDL-C; 425 (2.3%) were treated pharmacologically. Parental dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, Kawasaki disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, nephrotic syndrome, liver, thyroid, and other endocrine disorders increased odds of screening. Older age, nephrotic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension increased odds of having elevated LDL-C and receiving treatment. Pediatric dyslipidemia screening rates remain low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apryl Susi
- 2 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory Gorman
- 2 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cade M Nylund
- 2 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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42
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Laaksonen J, Seppälä I, Raitoharju E, Mononen N, Lyytikäinen LP, Waldenberger M, Illig T, Lepistö M, Almusa H, Ellonen P, Hutri-Kähönen N, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Salonen JT, Lehtimäki T. Discovery of mitochondrial DNA variants associated with genome-wide blood cell gene expression: a population-based mtDNA sequencing study. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1381-1391. [PMID: 30629177 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation on peripheral blood transcriptomics in health and disease is not fully known. Sex-specific mitochondrially controlled gene expression patterns have been shown in Drosophila melanogaster but in humans, evidence is lacking. Functional variation in mtDNA may also have a role in the development of type 2 diabetes and its precursor state, i.e. prediabetes. We examined the associations between mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs) and peripheral blood transcriptomics with a focus on sex- and prediabetes-specific effects. The genome-wide blood cell expression data of 19 637 probes, 199 deep-sequenced mtSNPs and nine haplogroups of 955 individuals from a population-based Young Finns Study cohort were used. Significant associations were identified with linear regression and analysis of covariance. The effects of sex and prediabetes on the associations between gene expression and mtSNPs were studied using random-effect meta-analysis. Our analysis identified 53 significant expression probe-mtSNP associations after Bonferroni correction, involving 7 genes and 31 mtSNPs. Eight probe-mtSNP signals remained independent after conditional analysis. In addition, five genes showed differential expression between haplogroups. The meta-analysis did not show any significant differences in linear model effect sizes between males and females but identified the association between the OASL gene and mtSNP C16294T to show prediabetes-specific effects. This study pinpoints new independent mtSNPs associated with peripheral blood transcriptomics and replicates six previously reported associations, providing further evidence of the mitochondrial genetic control of blood cell gene expression. In addition, we present evidence that prediabetes might lead to perturbations in mitochondrial control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Laaksonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover Germany.,Institute for Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maija Lepistö
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrikki Almusa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Ellonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka T Salonen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,MAS-Metabolic Analytical Services Oy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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43
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Heiskanen JS, Ruohonen S, Rovio SP, Kytö V, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari JSA, Juonala M, Laitinen T, Tossavainen P, Jokinen E, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari OT. Determinants of left ventricular diastolic function-The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Echocardiography 2019; 36:854-861. [PMID: 30905083 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is associated with increased all-cause mortality and risk for a heart failure. The determinants of LV diastolic function have been mainly studied in elderly populations; however, the origin of LV heart failure may relate to the lifestyle factors acquired during the life course. Therefore, we examined biochemical, physiological, and lifestyle determinants of LV diastolic function in 34-49-year-old participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (Young Finns Study). In 2011, clinical examination and echocardiography were performed for 1928 participants (880 men and 1048 women; aged 34-49 years). LV diastolic function was primarily defined using E/é-ratio (population mean 4.8, range 2.1-9.0). In a multivariate model, systolic blood pressure (P < 0.005), female sex (P < 0.005), age (P < 0.005), waist circumference (P = 0.024), smoking (P = 0.028), serum alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.032) were directly associated with E/é-ratio, while an inverse association was found for height (P < 0.005). Additionally, a higher E/é-ratio was found in participants with concentric hypertrophy compared to normal cardiac geometry (P < 0.005). Other indicators of the LV diastolic function including E/A-ratio and left atrial volume index showed similarly strong associations with systolic blood pressure and age. In conclusion, we identified systolic blood pressure, waist circumference and smoking as modifiable determinants of the LV diastolic function in the 34-49-year-old participants of the Young Finns Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko S Heiskanen
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saku Ruohonen
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Kytö
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Tyks T-Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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44
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Kamel M, Smith BT, Wahi G, Carsley S, Birken CS, Anderson LN. Continuous cardiometabolic risk score definitions in early childhood: a scoping review. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1688-1699. [PMID: 30223304 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in young children has been measured using various approaches, including a continuous summary score that incorporates components such as adiposity, lipids, metabolic factors and blood pressure. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to comprehensively review definitions of continuous CMR scores in children <10 years of age. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using a systematic search of four scientific databases up to June 2016. Inclusion criteria were children <10 years of age and report of a continuous CMR score. RESULTS Ninety-one articles were included. Most studies were published from 2007 to 2016 (96%). Nearly all continuous CMR scores (90%) were calculated using the sum or the mean of z-scores, and many articles age-standardized and sex-standardized components within their own population. The mean number of variables included in the risk scores was 5 with a range of 3-11. The most commonly included score components were waist circumference (52%), triglycerides (87%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (67%), glucose (43%) and systolic blood pressure (52%). IMPORTANCE Continuous CMR scores are emerging frequently in the child health literature and are calculated using numerous methods with diverse components. This heterogeneity limits comparability across studies. A harmonized definition of CMR in childhood is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamel
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - B T Smith
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Wahi
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Carsley
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C S Birken
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Fontanelli MDM, Nogueira LR, Garcez MR, Sales CH, Corrente JE, César CLG, Goldbaum M, Fisberg RM. [Validity of self-reported high cholesterol in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and factors associated with this information's sensitivity]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2018; 34:e00034718. [PMID: 30517313 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00034718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to validate self-report of high cholesterol in São Paulo, Brazil, and verify factors associated with this information's sensitivity. Data were used from the Health Survey of the City of São Paulo 2015, a cross-sectional population-based study with a probabilistic sample of the city's residents. The sample included 886 individuals with information from the structured questionnaire, blood measurements of total cholesterol and fractions or who reported being on medication for high cholesterol. The validity of self-reported information on high cholesterol was measured according to sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and kappa index, considering total cholesterol and LDL-c and pharmacological treatment as the gold standard. Logistic regression models were developed to investigate factors associated with the sensitivity of this information. The sensitivity of information on high cholesterol using total cholesterol as the reference was 50.6%, specificity 90.19%, PPV 51.64%, NPV 89.82%, and kappa 0.41. Taking LDL-c as the gold standard, sensitivity was 53.52%, specificity 89.93%, PPV 49.22%, NPV 91.39%, and kappa 0.43. Using total cholesterol as the reference, age (OR = 1.69; 95%CI: 1.24-2.29) and having a private health plan (OR = 2.91; 95%CI: 1.06-7.99) were associated with the information's sensitivity. With LDL-c as the gold standard, age (OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.13-2.57), smoking (OR = 3.33; 95%CI: 1.08-10.27), and having a private health plan (OR = 3.64; 95%CI: 1.10-12.08) were associated with the information's sensitivity. The results suggest low sensitivity and low PPV of self-reported high cholesterol in residents of São Paulo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Moisés Goldbaum
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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46
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Buscot MJ, Thomson RJ, Juonala M, Sabin MA, Burgner DP, Lehtimäki T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Magnussen CG. Distinct child-to-adult body mass index trajectories are associated with different levels of adult cardiometabolic risk. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:2263-2270. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Jeanne Buscot
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Australia
| | - Russell J Thomson
- Centre for Research in Mathematics, School of Computing, Engineering & Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Ltd and University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Australia
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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47
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Erhart G, Lamina C, Lehtimäki T, Marques-Vidal P, Kähönen M, Vollenweider P, Raitakari OT, Waeber G, Thorand B, Strauch K, Gieger C, Meitinger T, Peters A, Kronenberg F, Coassin S. Genetic Factors Explain a Major Fraction of the 50% Lower Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations in Finns. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1230-1241. [PMID: 29567679 PMCID: PMC5943067 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Lp(a) (lipoprotein(a)) concentrations are widely genetically determined by the LPA isoforms and show 5-fold interpopulation differences. Two- to 3-fold differences have been reported even within Europe. Finns represent a distinctive population isolate within Europe and have been repeatedly reported to present lower Lp(a) concentrations than Central Europeans. The significance of this finding was unclear for a long time because of the difficult comparability of Lp(a) assays. Recently, a large standardized study in >50 000 individuals from 7 European populations confirmed this observation but could not provide insights into the causes. Approach and Results— We investigated Lp(a) concentrations, LPA isoforms, and genotypes of established genetic variants affecting Lp(a) concentrations (LPA variants, APOE isoforms, and PCSK9 R46L) in the Finnish YFS (Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study) population (n=2281) and 3 Non-Finnish Central European populations (n=10 003). We observed ≈50% lower Lp(a) concentrations in Finns. The isoform distribution was shifted toward longer isoforms, and the percentage of low-molecular-weight isoform carriers was reduced. Most interestingly, however, Lp(a) was reduced in each single-isoform group. In contrast to the known inverse relationship between LPA isoforms and Lp(a) concentrations, especially very short isoforms presented unexpectedly low Lp(a) concentrations in Finns. The investigated genetic variants, as well as age, sex, and renal function, explained 71.8% of the observed population differences. Conclusions— The population differences in Lp(a) concentrations between Finnish and Central European populations originate not only from a different LPA isoform distribution but suggest the existence of novel functional variation in the small-isoform range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertraud Erhart
- From the Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (G.E., C.L., F.K., S.C.)
| | - Claudia Lamina
- From the Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (G.E., C.L., F.K., S.C.)
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories (T.L.).,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center (T.L., M.K.)
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (P.M.-V., P.V., G.W.)
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center (T.L., M.K.).,Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (P.M.-V., P.V., G.W.)
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.).,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (P.M.-V., P.V., G.W.)
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II (B.T., C.G., A.P.).,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (B.T., A.P.)
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (K.S., C.G.).,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S.)
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II (B.T., C.G., A.P.).,Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (K.S., C.G.).,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (C.G.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.).,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (T.M.).,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Germany (T.M.)
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II (B.T., C.G., A.P.).,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (B.T., A.P.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (A.P.)
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- From the Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (G.E., C.L., F.K., S.C.)
| | - Stefan Coassin
- From the Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (G.E., C.L., F.K., S.C.)
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48
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Li S, Chen W. Identifying elevated blood pressure and hypertension in children and adolescents. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:515-517. [PMID: 29430812 PMCID: PMC6874101 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxu Li
- Department of EpidemiologyTulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of EpidemiologyTulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
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49
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Tapp RJ, Hughes AD, Kähönen M, Wong TY, Witt N, Lehtimäki T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sahota P, Juonala M, Raitakari OT. Cardiometabolic Health Among Adult Offspring of Hypertensive Pregnancies: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.006284. [PMID: 29306901 PMCID: PMC5778953 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiometabolic health among adult offspring of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is relatively unknown. We hypothesized that offspring of HDP would have abnormalities in the retinal microvasculature and cardiac structure by midadulthood. Methods and Results The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study included randomly selected children from 5 Finnish university cities. The mean age of participants was 40 years (range 34–49 years) at the time of retinal photography and cardiac assessment. Offspring born ≥37 weeks of gestation and appropriate for gestational age (n=1006) were included. Offspring of HDP had higher systolic blood pressure (β=4.68, P<0.001), body mass index (β=1.25, P=0.009), and waist circumference (β=0.25, P=0.042), compared with offspring of normotensive pregnancies. However, no differences in fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, carotid intima media thickness, or brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation were shown. Retinal arteriolar diameters were narrower (β=−0.43, P=0.009) and longer (β=32.5, P=0.023) and the arteriolar length‐to‐diameter ratio was higher (β=2.32, P=0.006) among offspring of HDP, after adjustment for age and sex. Left atrial volume indexed to body surface area (β=1.34, P=0.040) was increased. Adjustment for the confounding effects of birth weight, body mass index, smoking and socioeconomic status, and the mediating effect of hypertension had little impact on the associations. Conclusions Abnormalities of the retinal microvasculature and cardiac structure are seen in offspring of HDP in midadulthood. These findings may need to be considered in future primary prevention strategies of cardiovascular disease among offspring of HDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J Tapp
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne, Australia .,School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alun D Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and the University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore & Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Witt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pinki Sahota
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Juonala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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50
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Chuensiri N, Suksom D, Tanaka H. Effects of High-Intensity Intermittent Training on Vascular Function in Obese Preadolescent Boys. Child Obes 2018; 14:41-49. [PMID: 29099231 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) may serve as an effective alternative to traditional endurance training, since HIIT has been shown to induce greater improvements in aerobic fitness and health-related markers in adult populations. Our objective was to determine whether HIIT and supramaximal high-intensity intermittent training (supra-HIIT) would improve vascular structure and function in obese preadolescent boys. METHODS Before the baseline testing, 48 obese preadolescent boys, aged 8-12 years, were randomly assigned into control (CON; n = 16), HIIT (8 × 2 minutes at 90% peak power output, n = 16), and supra-HIIT (8 × 20 seconds at 170% peak power output, n = 16) groups. Both exercise groups performed exercises on a cycle ergometer three times/week for 12 weeks. RESULTS After 12 weeks, both HIIT and supra-HIIT did not affect body mass, body fat percentage, and waist circumference. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) increased in both HIIT and supra-HIIT groups (p < 0.05). Both HIIT and supra-HIIT groups had higher resting metabolic rate than the control group (p < 0.05). A measure of arterial stiffness, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, and carotid intima-media thickness decreased after 12 weeks of HIIT and supra-HIIT program (all p < 0.05). Flow-mediated dilation, a measure of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, increased in both HIIT and supra-HIIT groups (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that both HIIT and supra-HIIT have favorable effects on aerobic capacity, metabolic rate, vascular function and structure, and blood lipid profile in obese preadolescent boys. HIIT may be a time efficient and effective exercise for preventing future cardiovascular disease in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daroonwan Suksom
- 1 Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- 2 Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX
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