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Herrero-Villar M, Taggart MA, Mateo R. Pharmaceuticals in avian scavengers and other birds of prey: A toxicological perspective to improve risk assessments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174425. [PMID: 38969127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants given their increasing use worldwide due to intensive food production and population growth. These compounds reach the environment through different pathways with potential negative consequences for wildlife. One dramatic example occurred in Asia, where three native vulture populations collapsed almost to extinction due to acute intoxication with diclofenac, a veterinary use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). As seen with diclofenac, avian scavengers are useful sentinels to monitor for the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment given their position at the top of the trophic chain, and in the case of obligate avian scavengers (vultures), their intimate link to domestic animal carcasses. Unfortunately, little is known about the wider exposure and potential health and population risks of pharmaceuticals to birds of prey. Here we compile literature data regarding relevant toxicological aspects of the most important pharmaceutical groups for birds of prey in terms of toxicity: NSAIDs, antibiotics, external antiparasitics and barbiturates. This work also includes critical information for future risk assessments, including concentrations of drug residues that can remain in animal tissues after treatment, or specific pharmaceutical features that might influence their toxicity in avian scavengers and other birds of prey. We also consider future research needs in this field and provide management recommendations to prevent potential intoxication events with pharmaceuticals in these species. This review highlights the need to consider specific risk assessments regarding exposure to pharmaceuticals, especially those used in veterinary medicine, for birds of prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Herrero-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Mark A Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, Caithness, Scotland KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Hrčka M, Hřebečková T, Hanč A, Grasserová A, Cajthaml T. Changes in the content of emerging pollutants and potentially hazardous substances during vermi/composting of a mixture of sewage sludge and moulded pulp. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123736. [PMID: 38458521 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Processing sewage sludge can be problematic due to its potential environmental toxicity. It may contain high concentrations of pharmaceuticals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals, as well as pathogenic microorganisms. However, it is a good source of organic matter and rich in microbial communities and enzymatic activity. This study deals with composting and vermicomposting of pre-composted mixtures of two different kinds of sewage sludge blended with moulded pulp in an operating composting plant. Of the total number and concentration of pollutants detected in individual piles, a large percentage of them were reduced by the composting process. The composting 2 process resulted in the greatest reduction in contaminating substances--a total of 19 substances by 4.39-90.4%. Some pharmaceuticals accumulated in earthworm bodies during vermicomposting; a total of 11 substances were detected. Atorvastatin showed the highest percentage reduction in compost 2 (90.4%), vermicompost 1 (65.2%) and vermicompost 2 (97.3%). Both composting and vermicomposting appeared to be effective for removal of heavy metals. A higher content of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) was found in composts than vermicomposts. There was a significant reduction in the content of pathogenic microorganisms in both processes, but the reduction in enterococci was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hrčka
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague, 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - T Hřebečková
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague, 165 21, Czech Republic.
| | - A Hanč
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague, 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - A Grasserová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - T Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
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Bean TG, Chadwick EA, Herrero-Villar M, Mateo R, Naidoo V, Rattner BA. Do Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Pose a Risk to Wildlife? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:595-610. [PMID: 36398854 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of knowledge related to the question "To what extent do pharmaceuticals in the environment pose a risk to wildlife?" stems from the Asian vulture crisis (>99% decline of some species of Old World vultures on the Indian subcontinent related to the veterinary use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID] diclofenac). The hazard of diclofenac and other NSAIDs (carprofen, flunixin, ketoprofen, nimesulide, phenylbutazone) to vultures and other avian species has since been demonstrated; indeed, only meloxicam and tolfenamic acid have been found to be vulture-safe. Since diclofenac was approved for veterinary use in Spain and Italy in 2013 (home to ~95% of vultures in Europe), the risk of NSAIDs to vultures in these countries has become one of the principal concerns related to pharmaceuticals and wildlife. Many of the other bodies of work on pharmaceutical exposure, hazard and risk to wildlife also relate to adverse effects in birds (e.g., poisoning of scavenging birds in North America and Europe from animal carcasses containing pentobarbital, secondary and even tertiary poisoning of birds exposed to pesticides used in veterinary medicine as cattle dips, migratory birds as a vector for the transfer of antimicrobial and antifungal resistance). Although there is some research related to endocrine disruption in reptiles and potential exposure of aerial insectivores, there remain numerous knowledge gaps for risk posed by pharmaceuticals to amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. Developing noninvasive sampling techniques and new approach methodologies (e.g., genomic, in vitro, in silico, in ovo) is important if we are to bridge the current knowledge gaps without extensive vertebrate testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:595-610. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Herrero-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Ciudad Real, Castilla-La-Mancha, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Ciudad Real, Castilla-La-Mancha, Spain
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Barnett A Rattner
- Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge, US Geological Survey, Laurel, Maryland, USA
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Herrero-Villar M, Sánchez-Barbudo I, Cardona-Cabrera T, Höfle U, Sánchez-Cano A, Baguena G, Mateo R. Pentobarbital intoxication as a potential underlying cause for electrocution in a bearded vulture. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2265-2269. [PMID: 37145336 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) found dead in northern Spain presented external lesions consistent with electrocution as the cause of death. During forensic examination, macroscopic lesions suggested potential comorbidity, so samples were collected for molecular and toxicological analyses. Gastric content and liver were analysed for toxic substances, and pentobarbital (a common pharmaceutical used for euthanasia in domestic animals) was detected at a concentration of 37.3 and 0.05 µg/g, respectively. Other toxicological, viral and endoparasite analyses (avian malaria, avian influenza and flaviviruses) were negative. Thus, although the cause of death was electrocution, pentobarbital intoxication likely impaired the equilibrium and reflexes of the individual, possibly causing the bird to contact energized wires that it would not have otherwise. These results underline the importance of comprehensive analysis of forensic cases of wildlife deaths and reveal barbiturate poisoning as an additional threat for the conservation of the bearded vulture in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Herrero-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain.
| | - I Sánchez-Barbudo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - T Cardona-Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
- Fundación para la Conservación del Quebrantahuesos, FCQ, LIFE Pro BV, Plaza San Pedro Nolasco, 1, Zaragoza, 5001, Spain
| | - U Höfle
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Cano
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - G Baguena
- Fundación para la Conservación del Quebrantahuesos, FCQ, LIFE Pro BV, Plaza San Pedro Nolasco, 1, Zaragoza, 5001, Spain
| | - R Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
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Wiid L, Naidoo V. Veterinary pharmaceuticals and declining Cape Griffon Vulture (Gyps coprotheres) numbers: A potential threat to developing embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104244. [PMID: 37572995 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Cape Vultures (Gyps coprotheres) are a vulnerable Old-World Vulture species in southern Africa. Of the numerous threats to their survival, malicious and accidental poisonings remain a major concern. Despite the dangers of poisonings little is however known about the more insidious effects of toxins on egg survival, despite the species known to have a long generational length. For this study, an extensive literature review focusing on veterinary pharmaceuticals was undertaken. Literature for vultures was scarce, with most studies focusing on the domestic chicken. Using information for domestic chickens, the risk was characterised from likely vulture exposure to production animal carcasses with residues of said drugs. From this various antibiotics, medetomidine and albendazole were identified with embryotoxic or teratogenic effects. We suggest that these drugs be tested to elucidate their dose-response relationship and/or mitigation measures to minimise vulture exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Wiid
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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Picone M, Distefano GG, Zangrando R, Gambaro A, Volpi Ghirardini A. Neonicotinoids and pharmaceuticals in hair of the Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) from the Cavallino-Treporti peninsula, Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115837. [PMID: 37028535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) and active pharmaceuticals ingredients (API) are contaminants widely diffused worldwide, causing increasing concern for potential adverse effects on wildlife. However, research on these contaminants have focused on target and non-target invertebrates, while information on potential effects in terrestrial mammals is lacking. We performed preliminary non-invasive monitoring of NEOs and API in a suburban and agricultural area using hair of the Red fox. The Red fox is a widely diffused mesopredator in Europe, and its plasticity in feeding habits makes it an excellent indicator for assessing exposure to environmental contamination. We observed the presence of NEOs in many Red fox hair samples (n = 11), including imidacloprid (IMI), acetamiprid (ACE), and clothianidin (CLO). The highest quantified concentrations were 6.4 ng g-1 dry weight (dw), 6.7 ng g-1 dw, and 0.9 ng g-1 dw for IMI, ACE, and CLO, respectively. The targeted APIs included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antidepressants. APIs were less frequently detected than NEOs, and the compounds with the highest prevalence were the NSAID ketoprofen (36%), the antidepressant sertraline (36%), and its active metabolite norsertraline (27%). The presence of human pharmaceuticals such as the NSAID ibuprofen and the antidepressants sertraline, fluoxetine, and their active metabolites norsertraline and norfluoxetine suggest environmental contamination due to untreated and partially treated wastewater discharged in surface waters and soils of the study area. The detection and quantification of ketoprofen and flunixin also suggest the possible use of contaminated manure on farmland. Findings indicate that hair may be used for monitoring environmental exposure to NEOs and provide evidence that hair is a good marker of exposure for antidepressants and certain NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and flunixin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- National Council for the Research - Institute of Polar Sciences, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; National Council for the Research - Institute of Polar Sciences, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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Matthee C, Brown AR, Lange A, Tyler CR. Factors Determining the Susceptibility of Fish to Effects of Human Pharmaceuticals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:8845-8862. [PMID: 37288931 PMCID: PMC10286317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing levels and frequencies at which active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are being detected in the environment are of significant concern, especially considering the potential adverse effects they may have on nontarget species such as fish. With many pharmaceuticals lacking environmental risk assessments, there is a need to better define and understand the potential risks that APIs and their biotransformation products pose to fish, while still minimizing the use of experimental animals. There are both extrinsic (environment- and drug-related) and intrinsic (fish-related) factors that make fish potentially vulnerable to the effects of human drugs, but which are not necessarily captured in nonfish tests. This critical review explores these factors, particularly focusing on the distinctive physiological processes in fish that underlie drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET). Focal points include the impact of fish life stage and species on drug absorption (A) via multiple routes; the potential implications of fish's unique blood pH and plasma composition on the distribution (D) of drug molecules throughout the body; how fish's endothermic nature and the varied expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in their tissues may affect drug metabolism (M); and how their distinctive physiologies may impact the relative contribution of different excretory organs to the excretion (E) of APIs and metabolites. These discussions give insight into where existing data on drug properties, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics from mammalian and clinical studies may or may not help to inform on environmental risks of APIs in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisna Matthee
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Ross Brown
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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Rohner S, Gramer M, Wiesweg I, Scherf-Clavel O, Wohlsein P, Schmelz M, Siebert U, Richter F, Gernert M. Present in the Aquatic Environment, Unclear Evidence in Top Predators-The Unknown Effects of Anti-Seizure Medication on Eurasian Otters ( Lutra lutra) from Northern Germany. TOXICS 2023; 11:338. [PMID: 37112566 PMCID: PMC10142713 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants are produced globally at high rates and often ultimately find their way into the aquatic environment. These include substances contained in anti-seizure medication (ASM), which are currently appearing in surface waters at increasing concentrations in Germany. Unintentional and sublethal, chronic exposure to pharmaceuticals such as ASMs has unknown consequences for aquatic wildlife. Adverse effects of ASMs on the brain development are documented in mammals. Top predators such as Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) are susceptible to the bioaccumulation of environmental pollutants. Still little is known about the health status of the otter population in Germany, while the detection of various pollutants in otter tissue samples has highlighted their role as an indicator species. To investigate potential contamination with pharmaceuticals, Eurasian otter brain samples were screened for selected ASMs via high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Via histology, brain sections were analyzed for the presence of potential associated neuropathological changes. In addition to 20 wild otters that were found dead, a control group of 5 deceased otters in human care was studied. Even though none of the targeted ASMs were detected in the otters, unidentified substances in many otter brains were measured. No obvious pathology was observed histologically, although the sample quality limited the investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohner
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Gramer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivo Wiesweg
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Schmelz
- Aktion Fischotterschutz e.V, Otter-Zentrum Hankensbüttel, 29386 Hankensbüttel, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Gernert
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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Ratajc U, Lourenço R, Espín S, Virosta PS, Birrer S, Studler D, Wernham C, Vrezec A. The importance of population contextual data for large-scale biomonitoring using an apex predator: The Tawny Owl (Strix aluco). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160530. [PMID: 36574555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Top predators are often used as sentinel species in contaminant monitoring due to their exposure and vulnerability to persistent, bioaccumulative and, in some cases, biomagnificable contaminants. Some of their ecological traits can vary in space and time, and are known to influence the contamination levels and therefore information on ecological traits should be used as contextual data for correct interpretation of large-scale contaminant spatial patterns. These traits can explain spatiotemporal variation in contaminant exposure (traits such as diet and dispersal distances) or contaminant impacts (traits such as population trend and clutch size). The aim of our research was to review the spatial variation in selected contextual parameters in the Tawny Owl (Strix aluco), a species identified by the COST Action European Raptor Biomonitoring Facility as one of the most suitable candidates for pan-European biomonitoring. A considerable variation in availability of published and unpublished contextual data across Europe was found, with diet being the most extensively studied trait. We demonstrate that the Tawny Owl is a suitable biomonitor at local scale but also that taking spatial variation of other contextual data (e.g. diet) into account is necessary. We found spatial gaps in knowledge about the species ecology and biology in Southern Europe, along with gaps in certain population parameters (e.g. population trends) in several countries. Based on our findings, we proposed a minimal recommended scheme for monitoring of population contextual data as one of the first steps towards a pan-European monitoring scheme using the Tawny Owl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Ratajc
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Rui Lourenço
- MED Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE Global Change and Sustainability Institute LabOr Laboratory of Ornithology, IIFA, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Silvia Espín
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Sánchez Virosta
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Simon Birrer
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland
| | | | - Chris Wernham
- British Trust for Ornithology (Scotland), Unit 15 Beta Centre, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling FK9 4NF, Scotland, UK
| | - Al Vrezec
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenian Museum of Natural History, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Temitope Bankole D, Peter Oluyori A, Abosede Inyinbor A. The removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from aqueous solution by Agro-waste. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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11
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Ashworth DJ, Ibekwe AM, Men Y, Ferreira JFS. Dissemination of antibiotics through the wastewater-soil-plant-earthworm continuum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159841. [PMID: 36397604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Under the ongoing climate change scenario, treated municipal wastewater (TMW) is a potential candidate for irrigated agriculture but may result in the exposure of agricultural environments to antibiotics. We studied the transfers of trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfapyridine in the TMW-soil-plant-earthworm continuum under greenhouse/laboratory conditions. Irrigation of potted spinach and radish with as-collected TMW resulted in no transfers of antibiotics into soil or plants owing to their low concentrations in the tertiary-treated TMW. However, TMW spiked with higher antibiotic concentrations led to transfers through this continuum. High initial inputs, slow soil degradation, and chemical speciation of the antibiotics, coupled with an extensive plant-root distribution, were important factors enhancing the plant uptake of antibiotics. In microcosm studies, transfers from vegetable materials into earthworms were low but showed potential for bioaccumulation. Such food chain transfers of antibiotics may be a driver for antibiotic resistance in agricultural systems, which is an area worthy of future study. These issues can perhaps be mitigated through high levels of TMW purification to effectively remove antibiotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Ashworth
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, United States Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507, United States of America.
| | - Abasiofiok M Ibekwe
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, United States Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507, United States of America
| | - Yujie Men
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 92521, United States of America
| | - Jorge F S Ferreira
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, United States Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507, United States of America
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Satyanarayana GNV, Kumar A, Pandey AK, Sharma MT, Natesan M, Mudiam MKR. Evaluating chemicals of emerging concern in the Ganga River at the two major cities Prayagraj and Varanasi through validated analytical approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:1520-1539. [PMID: 35917068 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating environmental water quality means to assess and protect the environment against unfriendly impacts from various organic impurities emerging from industrial emissions and those released during harvesting. Potential risks related with release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides and pharmaceuticals (PhAcs), and personal care products (PCPs) into the environment have turned into an increasingly serious issue in ecological safety. Monitoring helps in control of chemicals and ecological status compliance to safeguard specific water uses, for example, drinking water abstraction. A longitudinal review was carried out for 55 different persistent organic pollutants (POPs) for the Ganga River which passes through the urban areas of Prayagraj and Varanasi, India, through validated analytical approaches and measurement uncertainty (MU) estimation to assess their potential use for routine analysis. Furthermore, environmental risk assessment (ERA) carried out in the present study has revealed risk quotient (RQ) higher than 1 in a portion of the aquatic bodies. Using a conservative RQ strategy, POPs were assessed for having extensive risks under acute and chronic exposure, proposing that there is currently critical ecological risk identified with these compounds present in the Ganga River. In general, these outcomes demonstrate a significant contribution for focusing on measures and feasible techniques to minimize the unfavorable effects of contaminants on the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N V Satyanarayana
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, M.G. Marg, Uttar Pradesh, P.O. Box-80, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226028, India
| | - Anu Kumar
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Alok K Pandey
- Nanomaterial Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, M. G. Marg, Uttar Pradesh, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Manisha T Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226028, India
| | - Manickam Natesan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, M. G. Marg, Uttar Pradesh, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India.
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13
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Jan N, Majeed N, Ahmad M, Ahmad Lone W, John R. Nano-pollution: Why it should worry us. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134746. [PMID: 35489464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are immensely diverse both in terms of quality and sources of emission into the environment. Nowadays, nanotechnologies are developing and growing at a rapid pace without specific rules and regulations, leading to a severe effect on environment and affecting the labours in outdoor and indoor workplaces. The continue and enormous use of NPs for industrial and commercial purposes, has put a pressing need to think whether the increasing use of these NPs could overcome the severe environmental effects and unknown human health risks. Only a few studies have been carried out to assess the toxic effect of these NPs resulting from their direct or indirect exposure. There is in an increasing clamour to consider environmental implications of NPs and to monitor the outcome of NP during use in biological testing. There remain many open questions for consideration. An adequate research is required to determine the real toxic effect of these NPs on environment and human health. In this review, we have discussed the negative effects of NPs on environment and biosphere at large and the future research required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelofer Jan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Neelofar Majeed
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Muneeb Ahmad
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Waseem Ahmad Lone
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Riffat John
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
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14
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Badry A, Schenke D, Brücher H, Chakarov N, Grünkorn T, Illner H, Krüger O, Marczak T, Müskens G, Nachtigall W, Zollinger R, Treu G, Krone O. Spatial variation of rodenticides and emerging contaminants in blood of raptor nestlings from Germany. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60908-60921. [PMID: 35435551 PMCID: PMC9427910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife exposures to pest controlling substances have resulted in population declines of many predatory species during the past decades. Many pesticides were subsequently classified as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) and banned on national or global scales. However, despite their risks for non-target vertebrate wildlife, PBT substances such as anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are still permitted for use in Europe and have shown to threaten raptors. Whereas risks of ARs are known, much less information is available on emerging agrochemicals such as currently used PPPs and medicinal products (MPs) in higher trophic level species. We expect that currently used PPPs are relatively mobile (vs. lipophilic) as a consequence of the PBT criteria and thus more likely to be present in aqueous matrices. We therefore analyzed blood of 204 raptor nestlings of three terrestrial (red kite, common buzzard, Montagu's harrier) and two aquatic species (white-tailed sea eagle, osprey) from Germany. In total, we detected ARs in 22.6% of the red kites and 8.6% of the buzzards, whereas no Montagu's harriers or aquatic species were exposed prior to sampling. ΣAR concentration tended to be higher in North Rhine-Westphalia (vs. North-Eastern Germany) where population density is higher and intense livestock farming more frequent. Among the 90 targeted and currently used PPPs, we detected six substances from which bromoxynil (14.2%) was most frequent. Especially Montagu's harrier (31%) and red kites (22.6%) were exposed and concentrations were higher in North Rhine-Westphalia as well. Among seven MPs, we detected ciprofloxacin (3.4%), which indicates that risk mitigation measures may be needed as resistance genes were already detected in wildlife from Germany. Taken together, our study demonstrates that raptors are exposed to various chemicals during an early life stage depending on their sampling location and underpins that red kites are at particular risk for multiple pesticide exposures in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Badry
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Detlef Schenke
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn-Institut, Königin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Brücher
- Wiesenweihenschutz Brandenburg, Hauptstraße 11, 14913, Rohrbeck, Germany
| | - Nayden Chakarov
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Hubertus Illner
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Biologischer Umweltschutz/Biologische Station Soest, Teichstraße 19, 59505, Bad Sassendorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Krüger
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Gerard Müskens
- Müskens Fauna, van Nispenstraat 4, 6561 BG, Groesbeek, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ronald Zollinger
- Natuurplaza, P.O. Box 1413, NL-6501, BK, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Treu
- Department Chemicals, Umweltbundesamt, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Oliver Krone
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Distefano GG, Zangrando R, Basso M, Panzarin L, Gambaro A, Volpi Ghirardini A, Picone M. Assessing the exposure to human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in waterbirds: The use of feathers for monitoring antidepressants and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153473. [PMID: 35093362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from both human and veterinary sources is an increasing threat to wildlife welfare and conservation. Notwithstanding, tracking the exposure to pharmaceuticals in non-target and sensitive vertebrates, including birds, is seldom performed and relies almost exclusively on analysing internal organs retrieved from carcasses or from experimentally exposed and sacrificed birds. Clearly, this excludes the possibility of performing large-scale monitoring. Analysing feathers collected from healthy birds may permit this, by detecting APIs in wild birds, including protected and declining species of waterbirds, without affecting their welfare. To this end, we set up a non-destructive method for analysing the presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in the feathers of fledglings of both the Mediterranean gull (Ichtyaetus melanocephalus) and the Sandwich tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis). The presence of several NSAIDs and SSRIs above the method quantification limits have confirmed that feathers might be a suitable means of evaluating the exposure of birds to APIs. Moreover, the concentrations indicated that waterbirds are exposed to NSAIDs, such as diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen, and SSRIs, such as citalopram, desmethylcitalopram, fluvoxamine and sertraline, possibly due to their widespread use and incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The active ingredient diclofenac raises a the primary concern for the ecosystem and the welfare of the waterbirds, due to its high prevalence (100% and 83.3% in Mediterranean gull and Sandwich tern, respectively), its concentrations detected in feathers (11.9 ng g-1 and 6.7 ng g-1 in Mediterranean gull and Sandwich tern, respectively), and its documented toxicity toward certain birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Panzarin
- Associazione Naturalistica Sandonatese, c/o Centro Didattico Naturalistico il Pendolino, via Romanziol 130, 30020 Noventa di Piave, Venezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Picone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre, Venezia, Italy.
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16
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Le Wee J, Law MC, Chan YS, Choy SY, Tiong ANT. The Potential of Fe‐Based Magnetic Nanomaterials for the Agriculture Sector. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Le Wee
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia CDT 250 98009 Miri Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Ming Chiat Law
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia CDT 250 98009 Miri Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Yen San Chan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia CDT 250 98009 Miri Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Sook Yan Choy
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia CDT 250 98009 Miri Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Angnes Ngieng Tze Tiong
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia CDT 250 98009 Miri Sarawak Malaysia
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17
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Omotola EO, Oluwole AO, Oladoye PO, Olatunji OS. Occurrence, detection and ecotoxicity studies of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous ecosystems- a systematic appraisal. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103831. [PMID: 35151848 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) have globally emerged as a significant group of environmental contaminants due to the constant detection of their residues in the environment. The main scope of this review is to fill the void of information on the knowledge on the African occurrence of selected PCs in environmental matrices in comparison with those outside Africa and their respective toxic actions on both aquatic and non-aquatic biota through ecotoxicity bioassays. To achieve this objective, the study focused on commonly used and detected pharmaceutical drugs (residues). Based on the conducted literature survey, Africa has the highest levels of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lamivudine, acetaminophen, and diclofenac while Europe has the lowest of all these PC residues in her physical environments. For ecotoxicity bioassays, the few data available are mostly on individual groups of pharmaceuticals whereas there is sparsely available data on their combined forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oyinkansola Omotola
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu Ode PMB 2118, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Peter Olusakin Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
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18
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Javaid A, Latif S, Imran M, Hussain N, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. MXene-based hybrid composites as photocatalyst for the mitigation of pharmaceuticals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:133062. [PMID: 34856238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination is a burning issue and has gained global attention in the present era. Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants affecting the natural environment worldwide owing to their extensive consumption particularly in developing countries where self-medication is a common practice. These pharmaceuticals or their degraded active metabolites enter water bodies via different channels and are continuous threat to the whole ecological system. There is a dire need to find efficient approaches for their removal from all environmental matrices. Photocatalysis is one of the most effective and simple approach, however, finding a suitable photocatalyst is a challenging task. Recently, MXenes (two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides), a relatively new material has attracted increasing interest as photocatalysts due to their exceptional properties, such as large surface area, appreciable safety, huge interlayer spacing, thermal conductivity, and environmental flexibility. This review describes the recent advancements of MXene-based composites and their photocatalytic potential for the elimination of pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, present limitations and future research requirements are recommended to attain more benefits of MXene-based composites for the purification of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Javaid
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shoomaila Latif
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, CP, 64849, Mexico.
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19
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Zhang L, Tang Y, Chen H, Zhu X, Gong X, Wang S, Luo J, Han Q. Arylalkalamine N-acetyltransferase-1 acts on a secondary amine in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1081-1091. [PMID: 35178730 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (aaNAT) in Aedes aegypti is primarily involved in cuticle pigmentation and formation. The reported arylalkylamine substrates are all primary amines. In this study, we report a novel substrate, a secondary amine, of Ae. aegypti aaNAT1. The recombinant aaNAT1 protein exhibited high activity to a secondary amine, epinephrine, which has not been reported for any aaNATs previously. Structure-activity relationship study demonstrated that aaNAT1 has an epinephrine binding site, and molecular docking and dynamic simulation showed that epinephrine is quite stable in the active cavity. Further functional studies demonstrated that epinephrine affected mosquito fecundity, egg hatching and development. The new biochemical function of aaNAT1 in metabolizing epinephrine could reduce some negative effects of the compound in the mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.,One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.,One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Huaqing Chen
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.,One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.,One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.,One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.,One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
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20
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Abdelfattah EA, Renault D. Effect of different doses of the catecholamine epinephrine on antioxidant responses of larvae of the flesh fly Sarcophaga dux. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10408-10415. [PMID: 34523094 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of pharmaceutical products have increased over the past decades, and several are considered potential or proved hazardous wastes. When contaminating the environment, they can severely impact biodiversity. The catecholamine epinephrine (adrenaline) is no exception. Epinephrine can be administered as growth promoter in cattle, and is used for anaphylaxis treatment in human. While a range of studies has examined the effects of this catecholamine on vertebrate tissues, and evidenced that it can disrupt the oxidative stress status, the effects epinephrine could have on insects have remained poorly considered. Here, we examined the physiological effects of different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) of epinephrine on larvae of the flesh fly Sarcophaga dux. Following experimental treatments, levels of H2O2, GSH, CAT, GPx, and CEH were measured from the fat body, cuticle, gut, and hemolymph of 3rd instars. Significant differences are reported for these physiological endpoints among the considered body compartments, and epinephrine concentrations. Epinephrine treatments did not increase reactive oxygen species production (H2O2 amounts), except for gut tissues. Increased levels of GSH suggest that epinephrine may have enhanced glucose metabolism and flux towards the pentose phosphate pathway, while reducing glutamine oxidation. CAT activity was slightly increased when the concentration of epinephrine was higher. The decreased GPx activity in the fat body was consistent with GSH variations. In sum, the injection of epinephrine seemed to elicit the antioxidant response in S. dux larvae, in turn attenuating ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Abdelfattah
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 11221 Al Orman, Giza, Egypt.
| | - David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 74205, F 35000, 35042, Rennes, CS, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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21
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Herrero-Villar M, Sánchez-Barbudo IS, Camarero PR, Taggart MA, Mateo R. Increasing incidence of barbiturate intoxication in avian scavengers and mammals in Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117452. [PMID: 34077898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are considered emerging contaminants in terms of impacts on wildlife. One chemical group of concern is euthanasia agents used in veterinary medicine. Here we present data on the occurrence of barbiturate intoxication using samples collected from 2004 to 2020 of suspected wildlife and domestic animal poisoning cases in Spain (n = 3210). Barbiturate intoxication was seen in 3.4% (45/1334) of the total number of confirmed intoxicated animals. Barbiturates were detected in 0.2% (1/448) of baits containing detectable poisons. The most frequently detected barbiturate was pentobarbital (42/45, 93.3%), but we also detected phenobarbital, barbital, and thiopental (2.2% prevalence for each). Avian scavengers were most frequently affected by barbiturate intoxication (n = 36), especially Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) (n = 28). Median pentobarbital concentrations detected in intoxicated griffon vultures was 27.3 mg kg-1 in gastric content and 38.1 mg kg-1 in liver, which highlights the acute effect of the chemical soon after ingestion. At least two large intoxication events affecting griffon vultures were related to the consumption of carcasses from euthanized livestock. We also found phenobarbital in a prepared bait linked to the intoxication of one Eurasian buzzard (Buteo buteo). This study highlights the need for stronger regulation of barbiturates to avoid secondary intoxications due to improper disposal of euthanized livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Herrero-Villar
- Institute for Game and Wildlife Research (IREC), CSIC-UCLM, JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Inés S Sánchez-Barbudo
- Institute for Game and Wildlife Research (IREC), CSIC-UCLM, JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo R Camarero
- Institute for Game and Wildlife Research (IREC), CSIC-UCLM, JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mark A Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle St, Thurso, Scotland, KW14 7JD, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Institute for Game and Wildlife Research (IREC), CSIC-UCLM, JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
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22
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Animal Harms and Food Production: Informing Ethical Choices. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051225. [PMID: 33922738 PMCID: PMC8146968 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Consideration of animal welfare in food choices has become an influential contemporary theme. Traditional animal welfare views about food have been largely restricted to direct and intentional harms to livestock in intensive animal agriculture settings. However, many harms to animals arising from diverse food production practices in the world are exerted indirectly and unintentionally and often affect wildlife. Here we apply a qualitative analysis of food production by considering the breadth of harms caused by different food production systems to wild as well as domestic animals. Production systems are identified that produce relatively few and relatively many harms. The ethical implications of these findings are discussed for consumers concerned with the broad animal welfare impacts of their food choices. Abstract Ethical food choices have become an important societal theme in post-industrial countries. Many consumers are particularly interested in the animal welfare implications of the various foods they may choose to consume. However, concepts in animal welfare are rapidly evolving towards consideration of all animals (including wildlife) in contemporary approaches such as “One Welfare”. This approach requires recognition that negative impacts (harms) may be intentional and obvious (e.g., slaughter of livestock) but also include the under-appreciated indirect or unintentional harms that often impact wildlife (e.g., land clearing). This is especially true in the Anthropocene, where impacts on non-human life are almost ubiquitous across all human activities. We applied the “harms” model of animal welfare assessment to several common food production systems and provide a framework for assessing the breadth (not intensity) of harms imposed. We considered all harms caused to wild as well as domestic animals, both direct effects and indirect effects. We described 21 forms of harm and considered how they applied to 16 forms of food production. Our analysis suggests that all food production systems harm animals to some degree and that the majority of these harms affect wildlife, not livestock. We conclude that the food production systems likely to impose the greatest overall breadth of harms to animals are intensive animal agriculture industries (e.g., dairy) that rely on a secondary food production system (e.g., cropping), while harvesting of locally available wild plants, mushrooms or seaweed is likely to impose the least harms. We present this conceptual analysis as a resource for those who want to begin considering the complex animal welfare trade-offs involved in their food choices.
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Gallego S, Nos D, Montemurro N, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Pérez S, Solé M, Martin-Laurent F. Ecotoxicological impact of the antihypertensive valsartan on earthworms, extracellular enzymes and soil bacterial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116647. [PMID: 33582628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water in agriculture represents a promising alternative to relieve pressure on freshwater supplies, especially in arid or semiarid regions facing water scarcity. However, this implies introducing micropollutants such as pharmaceutical residues into the environment. The fate and the ecotoxicological impact of valsartan, an antihypertensive drug frequently detected in wastewater effluents, were evaluated in soil-earthworm microcosms. Valsartan dissipation in the soil was concomitant with valsartan acid formation. Although both valsartan and valsartan acid accumulated in earthworms, no effect was observed on biomarkers of exposure (acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase activities). The geometric mean index of soil enzyme activity increased in the soils containing earthworms, regardless of the presence of valsartan. Therefore, earthworms increased soil carboxylesterase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, urease and protease activities. Although bacterial richness significantly decreased following valsartan exposure, this trend was enhanced in the presence of earthworms with a significant impact on both alpha and beta microbial diversity. The operational taxonomic units involved in these changes were related to four (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes) of the eight most abundant phyla. Their relative abundances significantly increased in the valsartan-treated soils containing earthworms, suggesting the presence of potential valsartan degraders. The ecotoxicological effect of valsartan on microbes was strongly altered in the earthworm-added soils, hence the importance of considering synergistic effects of different soil organisms in the environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gallego
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie Dijon, France
| | - David Nos
- ENFOCHEM, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Renewable Marine Resources Department, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Science (ICAM), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- ENFOCHEM, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Renewable Marine Resources Department, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie Dijon, France.
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24
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Chaturvedi P, Shukla P, Giri BS, Chowdhary P, Chandra R, Gupta P, Pandey A. Prevalence and hazardous impact of pharmaceutical and personal care products and antibiotics in environment: A review on emerging contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110664. [PMID: 33400949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health emergency linked to unrestrained use of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) as prophylactic agent and therapeutic purposes across various industries. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals are identified in ground water, surface water, soils, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in ng/L to μg/L concentration range. The prevalence of organic compounds including antimicrobial agents, hormones, antibiotics, preservatives, disinfectants, synthetic musks etc. in environment have posed serious health concerns. The aim of this review is to elucidate the major sources accountable for emergence of antibiotic resistance. For this purpose, variety of introductory sources and fate of PPCPs in aquatic environment including human and veterinary wastes, aquaculture and agriculture related wastes, and other anthropogenic activities have been discussed. Furthermore, genetic and enzymatic factors responsible for transfer and appearance of antibiotic resistance genes are presented. Ecotoxicity of PPCPs has been studied in environment in order to present risk imposed to human and ecological health. As per published literature reports, the removal of antibiotics and related traces being difficult, couples the possibility of emergence of antibiotic resistance and hence sustainability in global water resources. Therefore, research on environmental behavior and control strategies should be conducted along with assessing their chronic toxicity to identify potential human and ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, 492010, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Parul Shukla
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Chowdhary
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Chandra
- Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, 492010, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Transnational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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25
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Badry A, Schenke D, Treu G, Krone O. Linking landscape composition and biological factors with exposure levels of rodenticides and agrochemicals in avian apex predators from Germany. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110602. [PMID: 33307088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of agricultural practices has resulted in a substantial decline of Europe's farmland bird populations. Together with increasing urbanisation, chemical pollution arising from these land uses is a recognised threat to wildlife. Raptors are known to be particularly sensitive to pollutants that biomagnify and are thus frequently used sentinels for pollution in food webs. The current study focussed on anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) but also considered selected medicinal products (MPs) and frequently used plant protection products (PPPs). We analysed livers of raptor species from agricultural and urban habitats in Germany, namely red kites (MIML; Milvus milvus), northern goshawks (ACGE; Accipiter gentilis) and Eurasian sparrowhawks (ACNI; Accipiter nisus) as well as white-tailed sea eagles (HAAL; Haliaeetus albicilla) and ospreys (PAHA; Pandion haliaetus) to account for potential aquatic exposures. Landscape composition was quantified using geographic information systems. The highest detection of ARs occurred in ACGE (81.3%; n = 48), closely followed by MIML (80.5%; n = 41), HAAL (38.3%; n = 60) and ACNI (13%; n = 23), whereas no ARs were found in PAHA (n = 13). Generalized linear models demonstrated (1) an increased probability for adults to be exposed to ARs with increasing urbanisation, and (2) that species-specific traits were responsible for the extent of exposure. For MPs, we found ibuprofen in 14.9% and fluoroquinolones in 2.3% in individuals that were found dead. Among 30 investigated PPPs, dimethoate (and its metabolite omethoate) and thiacloprid were detected in two MIML each. We assumed that the levels of dimethoate were a consequence of deliberate poisoning. AR and insecticide poisoning were considered to represent a threat to red kites and may ultimately contribute to reported decreased survival rates. Overall, our study suggests that urban raptors are at greatest risk for AR exposure and that exposures may not be limited to terrestrial food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Badry
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Detlef Schenke
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Straße19, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Treu
- Umweltbundesamt, Department Chemicals, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Oliver Krone
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Orive G, Lertxundi U. Virus, bats and drugs. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:301-302. [PMID: 32829320 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Apart from SARS-Co-V-2 coronavirus, bats also host many highly virulent zoonotic pathogens. A matter of rising concern is the detrimental impact of pharmaceuticals in the environment, as they can have major impact at low concentrations. Insectivorous bats are among the wildlife animals likely to be exposed due to the bioaccumulation through the food web. Bat's behaviour might be deeply affected by human psychoactive drugs. Current massive antiviral use activity will increase environmental concentrations of these pharmaceuticals, for whose potential eco-toxicological consequences are scarce. We need to study the complex interrelation between people, bats, drugs, viruses, and their shared environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore, Singapore
- Basque Sustainable Pharmacy Association, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Unax Lertxundi
- Basque Sustainable Pharmacy Association, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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27
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Custer CM, Custer TW, Dummer PM, Schultz S, Tseng CY, Karouna-Renier N, Matson CW. Legacy and Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Tree Swallows Along an Agricultural to Industrial Gradient: Maumee River, Ohio. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1936-1952. [PMID: 32495340 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to multiple classes of contaminants, both legacy and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), were assessed in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) tissue and diet samples from 6 sites along the Maumee River, Ohio, USA, to understand both exposure and possible effects of exposure to those CECs for which there are little avian data. The 6 sites represented a gradient from intensive agriculture upstream to highly urbanized and industrial landscapes downstream; 1 or 2 remote Wisconsin lakes were assessed for comparative purposes. Cytochrome P450 induction, DNA damage, and thyroid function were also assessed relative to contaminant exposure. Bioaccumulative CECs, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated substances, did not follow any upstream to downstream gradient; but both had significantly greater concentrations along the Maumee River than at the remote lake sites. Greater exposure to PBDEs was apparent in swallows at or near wastewater-treatment facilities than at other sites. Total polychlorinated biphenyl and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations were greater in swallows at downstream locations compared to upstream sites and were associated with higher ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity. Few herbicides or nonorganochlorine insecticides were detected in swallow tissues or their food, except for atrazine and its metabolite desethylatrazine. Few pharmaceuticals and personal care products were detected except for DEET and iopamidol. Both were detected in most liver samples but not in eggs, as well as detected at the remote lake sites. This is one of the most comprehensive assessments to date of exposure and effects of a wide variety of CECs in birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1936-1952. © 2020 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Custer
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Thomas W Custer
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Paul M Dummer
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Sandra Schultz
- Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, US Geological Survey, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Chi Yen Tseng
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Cole W Matson
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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28
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Hermes PH, Fabián FL, Esperanza HL, Jorge MV, José David AS, Edilberto HG, Javier Francisco VM, Marcos PS. The first evidence of accumulation and avoidance behavior of macroinvertebrates in a forest soil spiked with human-made iron nanoparticles: A field experiment. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04860. [PMID: 32984591 PMCID: PMC7492817 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both earthworms and terrestrial isopods have been used to evaluate the quality of contaminated soil by NPs. However, most experiments have been conducted in the laboratory and under greenhouse conditions. Besides, little is known of Fe accumulation in earthworms from iron NPs (Fe NPs) under natural conditions. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of manufactured NPs on the accumulation of Fe in macroinvertebrates from forest soil. Our results revealed that earthworms consume low amounts of Fe in a concentration of 1000 mg Fe NPs kg−1 of dry soil, with a behavior constant over time. Besides, we observed that earthworms could not detect Fe at low concentrations (1 or 10 mg Fe NPs kg−1), so they do not limit soil consumption, which translates into high amounts of Fe in their bodies. By contrast, the content of Fe in organisms is inversely proportional to increasing concentrations in the soil (R2 = -0.41, p < 0.05). Therefore, although studies are needed, in addition to considering environmental factors and the physicochemical properties of the soil, endogenous worms in the evaluated area could, under natural conditions, be useful to inform us of contamination of NP manufactured from Faith. Besides, for future research, a novel methodology should be considered to demonstrate more realistic avoidance behavior under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pérez-Hernández Hermes
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Agroecología, Unidad Campeche, Av Poligono s/n, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Fernández-Luqueño Fabián
- Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy Program, Cinvestav-Saltillo, Coahuila de Zaragoza, C.P. 25900, Mexico
| | - Huerta-Lwanga Esperanza
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Agroecología, Unidad Campeche, Av Poligono s/n, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Mendoza-Vega Jorge
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Agroecología, Unidad Campeche, Av Poligono s/n, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Alvarez-Solís José David
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur. Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur S/N, Barrio de María Auxiliadora, C.P. 29290, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Hernández-Gutiérrez Edilberto
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Agroecología, Unidad Campeche, Av Poligono s/n, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Valle-Mora Javier Francisco
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Estadística, Carretera Aeropuerto Antiguo Km 2.5, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Pérez-Sato Marcos
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agrohidraulica, PE de Ingeniería Agronómica y Zootecnia de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Reforma 165, Colonia Centro, CP. 73900, Tlatlauquitepec, Puebla, Mexico
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29
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Badry A, Krone O, Jaspers VLB, Mateo R, García-Fernández A, Leivits M, Shore RF. Towards harmonisation of chemical monitoring using avian apex predators: Identification of key species for pan-European biomonitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:139198. [PMID: 32422436 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring in raptors can be used to study long-term and large-scale changes in environmental pollution. In Europe, such monitoring is needed to assess environmental risks and outcomes of chemicals regulation, which is harmonised across the European Union. To be effective, the most appropriate sentinels need to be monitored. Our aim was to identify which European raptor species are the likely most appropriate biomonitors when pollutant quantification is based on analysing tissues. Our current study was restricted to terrestrial exposure pathways and considered four priority pollutant groups: toxic metals (lead and mercury), anticoagulant rodenticides, pesticides and medicinal products. We evaluated information on the distribution and key ecological traits (food web, foraging trait, diet, preferred habitat, and migratory behaviour) of European raptors to identify the most appropriate sentinel species. Common buzzard (Buteo buteo) and/or tawny owl (Strix aluco) proved the most suitable candidates for many of the pollutants considered. Moreover, they are abundant in Europe, enhancing the likelihood that samples can be collected. However, other species may be better sentinels for certain pollutants, such as the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) for lead, the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) for mercury across areas including Northern Europe, and vultures (where they occur in Europe) are likely best suited for monitoring non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Overall, however, we argue the selection of candidate species for widescale monitoring of a range of pollutants can be reduced to very few raptor species. We recommend that the common buzzard and tawny owl should be the initial focus of any pan-European raptor monitoring. The lack of previous widespread monitoring using these species suggests that their utility as sentinels for environmnetal pollution has not been widely recognised. Finally, although the current study focussed on Europe, our trait-based approach for identifying raptor biomonitors can be applied to other continents and contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Badry
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Oliver Krone
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Fernández
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Espinardo Campus, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Madis Leivits
- Chair of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Richard F Shore
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg LA1 4AP, UK
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30
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Jose J, Sandra Pinto J, Kotian B, Mathew Thomas A, Narayana Charyulu R. Comparison of the regulatory outline of ecopharmacovigilance of pharmaceuticals in Europe, USA, Japan and Australia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:134815. [PMID: 31887508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are known to improve the quality of life by curing and preventing diseases. However, these pharmaceutical products, when it diffuses through the environment by various routes, can cause severe harmful effects to the living organisms. During the last several years, the coping with the impact of pharmaceuticals on the environment was one of the challenging tasks for the pharmaceutical industries. These concerns about the environmental health and safety risks paved the way in developing a proper regulatory framework for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical products. In the US, EU, and Canada, most improvements have been made in the regulation of Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for pharmaceuticals. Many countries and organizations like the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), had adapted these ERA procedures to fulfil the purpose. At present, there are no specific guidelines for ERA of pharmaceuticals in Japan, Australia and many other countries. Nevertheless, it is expected that they will have strict regulations and legal requirements in the future. The purpose of this study is to understand and compare the ERA regulation in Europe, USA, Japan and Australia. In this review, we have summarized the knowledge on ERA of pharmaceuticals and its consequences on the environment. It is therefore necessary to establish an eco-pharmacovigilance system for monitoring and collection of data, which would eradicate the risk of pharmaceuticals entering into the surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Paneer, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Jean Sandra Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Paneer, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhashini Kotian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Paneer, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Aaron Mathew Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Paneer, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - R Narayana Charyulu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Paneer, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
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31
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Carter LJ, Agatz A, Kumar A, Williams M. Translocation of pharmaceuticals from wastewater into beehives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105248. [PMID: 31711020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There has been a substantial research focus on the presence of pesticides in flowers and the subsequent exposure to honeybees. Here we demonstrate for the first time that honeybees can also be exposed to pharmaceuticals, commonly present in wastewater. Residues of carbamazepine (an anti-epileptic drug) up to 371 ng/mL and 30 µg/g were detected in nectar and pollen sampled from zucchini flowers (Cucurbita pepo) grown in carbamazepine spiked soil (0.5-20 µg/g). Under realistic exposure conditions from the use of recycled wastewater, carbamazepine concentrations were estimated to be 0.37 ng/L and 30 ng/kg in nectar and pollen, respectively. Incorporation of environmentally relevant carbamazepine residues in nectar and pollen into a modelling framework able to simulate beehive dynamics including the honeybee foraging activity at the landscape scale (BEEHAVE and BEESCOUT) enabled the simulation of carbamazepine translocation from zucchini fields into honeybee hives. Carbamazepine accumulation was modelled in 11 beehives across a 25 km2 landscape over three years chosen to represent distinct climatic conditions. During a single flowering period, carbamazepine concentrations were simulated to range between 0 and 2478 ng per beehive. The amount of carbamazepine gathered not only varied across the simulated years but there were also differences in accumulation of carbamazepine between beehives within the same year. This work illustrates a fundamental first step in assessing the risk of pharmaceuticals to bees through realistic scenarios by demonstrating a method to quantify potential exposure of honeybees at the landscape scale. Pharmaceuticals are being inadvertently but increasingly applied to agricultural lands globally via the use of wastewater for agricultural irrigation in response to water scarcity problems. We have demonstrated a route of pharmaceutical exposure to honeybees via contaminated nectar and pollen. Given the biological potency of pharmaceuticals, accumulation of these chemicals in nectar and pollen suggest potential implications for honeybee health, with unknown ecosystem consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Carter
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Adelaide 5062, Australia.
| | - Annika Agatz
- ibacon GmbH, Arheilger Weg 17, D-64380 Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Anu Kumar
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Adelaide 5062, Australia
| | - Mike Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Adelaide 5062, Australia
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32
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Whitlock SE, Pereira MG, Lane J, Sleep D, Shore RF, Arnold KE. Detecting fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in wild bird tissues and feathers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:193-201. [PMID: 30802636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of the environment with human pharmaceuticals is widespread and demand for such products is mounting globally. Wild vertebrates may be at particular risk from any effects from pharmaceuticals, because of the evolutionary conservation of drug targets. However, exposure of wildlife to pharmaceuticals is poorly characterised, partly due to challenges associated with detecting rapidly metabolised compounds. As part of a wider study on the behavioural effects of fluoxetine (Prozac) on Eurasian starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), we investigated which avian samples are best suited for detecting exposure to fluoxetine in free-living birds. We analysed plasma, various tissues and tail feathers (grown both in the wild and in captivity during the dosing period) from fluoxetine-treated birds (dosed daily with 0.035 mg kg-1 bodyweight for 28 weeks), and liver tissue and tail feathers from sham-dosed birds. We detected fluoxetine in only two of twelve plasma samples from dosed birds. In dosed birds, median concentrations of free fluoxetine/norfluoxetine in tissues (two hour post-final dose) were: 111.2/67.6 ng g-1 in liver, 29.6/5.7 ng g-1 in kidney, 14.2/4.0 ng g-1 in lung, 15.1/1.6 ng g-1 in brain. We estimated that fluoxetine would remain detectable in liver and kidney approximately 4.5 times longer (90 h) than in brain (20h). In dosed birds, fluoxetine was detected in feathers regrown during the dosing period (median concentration = 11.4 ng g-1) at concentrations significantly higher than in regrown feathers from control birds. Fluoxetine residues were detected in wild-grown feathers (grown before the birds were brought into captivity) at concentrations up to 27.0 ng g-1, providing some evidence of likely exposure in the wild. Our results show liver and kidney can be used for detecting fluoxetine in avian carcasses and provide a first indication that feathers may be useful for assessing exposure to fluoxetine, and possibly other pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia E Whitlock
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, UK.
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Julie Lane
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Darren Sleep
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Richard F Shore
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Kathryn E Arnold
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, UK
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Carter LJ, Chefetz B, Abdeen Z, Boxall ABA. Emerging investigator series: towards a framework for establishing the impacts of pharmaceuticals in wastewater irrigation systems on agro-ecosystems and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:605-622. [PMID: 30932118 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Use of reclaimed wastewater for agricultural irrigation is seen as an attractive option to meet agricultural water demands of a growing number of countries suffering from water scarcity. However, reclaimed wastewater contains pollutants which are introduced to the agro-environment during the irrigation process. While water reuse guidelines do consider selected classes of pollutants, they do not account for the presence of pollutants of emerging concern such as pharmaceuticals and the potential risks these may pose. Here we use source-pathway-receptor analysis (S-P-R) to develop a holistic framework for evaluating the impacts of pharmaceuticals, present in wastewater used for agricultural irrigation, on human and ecosystem health and evaluate the data availability for the framework components. The developed framework comprised of 34 processes and compartments but a good level of knowledge was available for only five of these suggesting that currently it is not possible to fully establish the impacts of pharmaceuticals in wastewater irrigation systems. To address this, work is urgently needed to understand the fate and transport of pharmaceuticals in arable soil systems and the effects of chronic low-level exposure to these substances on microbes, invertebrates, plants, wildlife and humans. In addition, research pertaining to the fate, uptake and effects of pharmaceutical mixtures and metabolites is lacking as well as data on bio-accessibility of pharmaceuticals after ingestion. Scientific advancements in the five areas prioritised in terms of future research are needed before we are able to fully quantify the agricultural and human health risks associated with reclaimed wastewater use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Carter
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Optimization Parameters, Kinetics and Mechanism of Naproxen Removal by Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation with a Hybrid Iron-Based Magnetic Catalyst. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a study of the assessment of the operating parameters of the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of naproxen (NAP) using magnetite/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe3O4/MWCNTs) as a catalyst. The effect of pH, temperature, and H2O2 dosage on CWPO process was evaluated by using the response surface model (RSM), allowing us to obtain an optimum NAP removal of 82% at the following operating conditions: pH = 5, T = 70 °C, [H2O2]0 = 1.5 mM, and [NAP]0 = 10.0 mg/L. Therefore, NAP degradation kinetics were revealed to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and an activation energy value of 4.75 kJ/mol was determined. Adsorption and using only H2O2 experiments, both considered as blank tests, showed no significant removal of the pollutant. Moreover, Fe3O4/MWCNTs material exhibited good recyclability along three consecutive cycles, finding an average NAP removal percentage close to 80% in each cycle of 3 h reaction time. In addition, the scavenging tests confirmed that the degradation of NAP was mainly governed by •OH radicals attack. Two reaction sequences were proposed for the degradation mechanism according to the detected byproducts. Finally, the versatility of the catalyst was evidenced in the treatment of different environmentally relevant aqueous matrices (wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTP), surface water (SW), and a hospital wastewater (HW)) spiked with NAP, obtaining total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies after 8 h in the following order: NAP-SW > NAP-HW > NAP-WWTP.
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Sainsbury KA, Shore RF, Schofield H, Croose E, Campbell RD, Mcdonald RA. Recent history, current status, conservation and management of native mammalian carnivore species in Great Britain. Mamm Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Sainsbury
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn TR10 9FE UK
| | - Richard F. Shore
- Centre for Ecology & HydrologyLancaster Environment Centre Lancaster LA1 4AP UK
| | - Henry Schofield
- The Vincent Wildlife Trust 3 & 4 Bronsil Courtyard, Eastnor Ledbury HR8 1EP UK
| | - Elizabeth Croose
- The Vincent Wildlife Trust 3 & 4 Bronsil Courtyard, Eastnor Ledbury HR8 1EP UK
| | | | - Robbie A. Mcdonald
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn TR10 9FE UK
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Lagesson A, Saaristo M, Brodin T, Fick J, Klaminder J, Martin JM, Wong BBM. Fish on steroids: Temperature-dependent effects of 17β-trenbolone on predator escape, boldness, and exploratory behaviors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:243-252. [PMID: 30423539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal growth promoters (HGPs), widely used in beef cattle production globally, make their way into the environment as agricultural effluent-with potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems. One HPG of particular concern is 17β-trenbolone, which is persistent in freshwater habitats and can affect the development, morphology and reproductive behaviors of aquatic organisms. Despite this, few studies have investigated impacts of 17β-trenbolone on non-reproductive behaviors linked to growth and survival, like boldness and predator avoidance. None consider the interaction between 17β-trenbolone and other environmental stressors, such as temperature, although environmental challenges confronting animals in the wild seldom, if ever, occur in isolation. Accordingly, this study aimed to test the interactive effects of trenbolone and temperature on organismal behavior. To do this, eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) were subjected to an environmentally-relevant concentration of 17β-trenbolone (average measured concentration 3.0 ± 0.2 ng/L) or freshwater (i.e. control) for 21 days under one of two temperatures (20 and 30 °C), after which the predator escape, boldness and exploration behavior of fish were tested. Predator escape behavior was assayed by subjecting fish to a simulated predator strike, while boldness and exploration were assessed in a separate maze experiment. We found that trenbolone exposure increased boldness behavior. Interestingly, some behavioral effects of trenbolone depended on temperature, sex, or both. Specifically, significant effects of trenbolone on male predator escape behavior were only noted at 30 °C, with males becoming less reactive to the simulated threat. Further, in the maze experiment, trenbolone-exposed fish explored the maze faster than control fish, but only at 20 °C. We conclude that field detected concentrations of 17β-trenbolone can impact ecologically important behaviors of fish, and such effects can be temperature dependent. Such findings underscore the importance of considering the potentially interactive effects of other environmental stressors when investigating behavioral effects of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lagesson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - M Saaristo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Biosciences, Åbo Academy University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - T Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, SLU, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - B B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Whitlock SE, Pereira MG, Shore RF, Lane J, Arnold KE. Environmentally relevant exposure to an antidepressant alters courtship behaviours in a songbird. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:17-24. [PMID: 30071429 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in the environment are a recently identified global threat to wildlife, including birds. Like other human pharmaceuticals, the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) enters the environment via sewage and has been detected at wastewater treatment plants. Birds foraging on invertebrates at these sites can be exposed to pharmaceuticals, although the implications of exposure are poorly understood. We conducted experiments to test whether chronic exposure to a maximally environmentally relevant concentration of fluoxetine (2.7 μg day-1) altered courtship behaviour and female reproductive physiology in wild-caught starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), a species commonly found foraging on invertebrates at wastewater treatment plants. When paired with a female over two days, males sang less and were more aggressive towards fluoxetine-treated females than controls. Fluoxetine-treated females were initially aggressive towards males, becoming significantly less aggressive by the second day. In contrast, control females expressed intermediate levels of aggression throughout. We found no effect of female treatment on female courtship behaviour. Female body condition, circulating testosterone and circulating oestradiol were unaffected by treatment and did not account for male preference. Our findings suggest that exposure to an antidepressant reduced female attractiveness, adding to growing evidence that environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals can alter important traits related to individual fitness and population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia E Whitlock
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK.
| | - M Glória Pereira
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Richard F Shore
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Julie Lane
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Kathryn E Arnold
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK
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Wang J, Zhao SQ, Zhang MY, He BS. Targeted eco-pharmacovigilance for ketoprofen in the environment: Need, strategy and challenge. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:450-462. [PMID: 29227893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Implementing "targeted" eco-pharmacovigilance(EPV) which focuses on individual or specific pharmaceuticals on a prioritised basis is a feasible, economical and customized approach to reduce the environmental concentrations and risks of pharmaceuticals. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) remaining in environment are a kind of priority hazard substances, due to a notable case that diclofenac residues caused the loss of more than 99% of vultures across the Indian sub-continent. Ketoprofen, as another widely used NSAID with comparable or even higher global consumption than diclofenac, in the environment has been shown to present a potential risk to non-target terrestrial and aquatic species. Based on the review of 85 articles reporting the analyses of ketoprofen residues in environment since 2010, we found that this NSAID frequently present in various environmental compartments around the world. Therefore, it is urgent to implement EPV targeting ketoprofen pollution. Here, we provide some recommendations for implementing the targeted EPV for ketoprofen, including: Closely monitoring ketoprofen in the natural environment; Reducing the residues of ketoprofen through source control; Encouraging urine source separation and treatment; Limiting the application of veterinary ketoprofen; Designing and constituting a framework system of targeted EPV. But some challenges, such as ambiguity in the accountability of the main bodies responsible for continued monitoring of ketoprofen residues, the lack of optimized urine source separation scenarios and procedure, the need for detailed design and application schemes of the framework system of targeted EPV, etc. should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Shu-Qi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Meng-Ya Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Bing-Shu He
- Hubei Woman and Child Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Wang J, He B, Yan D, Hu X. Implementing ecopharmacovigilance (EPV) from a pharmacy perspective: A focus on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 603-604:772-784. [PMID: 28390750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental experts have made great efforts to control pharmaceutical pollution. However, the control of emerged environmental problems caused by medicines should draw more attention of pharmacy and pharmacovigilance researchers. Ecopharmacovigilance (EPV) as a kind of pharmacovigilance for the environment is recognized worldwide as crucial to minimize the environmental risk of pharmaceutical pollutants. But continuing to treat the pollution of pharmaceuticals as a group of substances instead of targeting individual pharmaceuticals on a prioritized basis will lead to a significant waste of resources. Considering vulture population decline caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) residues, we presented a global-scale analysis of 139 reports of NSAIDs occurrence across 29 countries, in order to provide a specific context for implementing EPV. We found a heavy regional bias toward research in Europe, Asia and America. The top 5 most frequently studied NSAIDs included ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, acetaminophen and ketoprofen. The profile of NSAIDs was dominated by acetaminophen in wastewater influents and effluents. Ibuprofen was the most abundant NSAID in surface water. Only 9 NSAIDs were reported in groundwater samples. And majority of NSAIDs were detected in solid matrices at below 1μg/g except for ketoprofen, diclofenac and ibuprofen. From a pharmacy perspective, we get some implication and propose some management practice options for EPV implementation. These include: Further popularizing and applying the concept of EPV, together with developing relevant regulatory guidance, is necessary; More attention should be paid to how to implement EPV for the pollution control of older established drugs; Triggering "a dynamic watch-list mechanism" in conjunction with "source control"; Implementing targeted sewage treatment technologies and strengthening multidisciplinary collaboration; Pharmaceutical levels in aquatic organisms as biological indicators for monitoring pharmaceutical pollution within the water environment; Upgrading drinking water treatment plants with the aim of removing pharmaceutical residues; Paying more attention to EPV for pharmaceuticals in solid matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Bingshu He
- Hubei Woman and Child Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiamin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
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Hampel M, Blasco J, Babbucci M, Ferraresso S, Bargelloni L, Milan M. Transcriptome analysis of the brain of the sea bream (Sparus aurata) after exposure to human pharmaceuticals at realistic environmental concentrations. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 129:36-45. [PMID: 28434674 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pharmaceuticals such as Acetaminophen, Atenolol and Carbamazepine are pseudo persistent aquatic pollutants with yet unknown sub-lethal effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) were exposed to Acetaminophen: 31.90 ± 11.07 μg L-1; Atenolol: 0.95 ± 0.38 μg L-1 and Carbamazepine: 6.95 ± 0.13 μg L-1 in a 28 day flow through experiment to (1) determine whether exposure to low concentrations in the μg·L-1 range of the pharmaceuticals alters the brain transcriptome and, (2) identify different expression profiles and treatment specific modes of action and pathways. Despite low exposure concentrations, 411, 7 and 612 differently expressed transcripts were identified in the individual treatments with Acetaminophen, Atenolol and Carbamazepine, respectively. Functional analyses of differentially expressed genes revealed a significant over representation of several biological processes, cellular compartment features and molecular functions for both Acetaminophen and Carbamazepine treatments. Overall, the results obtained in seabream brain suggest similar physiological responses to those observed in humans also at environmental concentrations, as well as the existence of treatment specific processes that may be useful for the development of biomarkers of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hampel
- Department for Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; University Institute for Marine Research (INMAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Julian Blasco
- Andalusian Institute for Marine Sciences, Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Massimiliano Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
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Gilroy ÈAM, Gillis PL, King LE, Bendo NA, Salerno J, Giacomin M, de Solla SR. The effects of pharmaceuticals on a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea): An examination of acute and chronic endpoints of toxicity across life stages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1572-1583. [PMID: 27859528 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity and bioconcentration of 3 pharmaceuticals (amitriptyline, iopamidol, and sertraline) were examined using multiple life stages (larval, juvenile, and adult) of the unionid mussel Lampsilis siliquoidea. The endpoints examined varied with life stage but included survival, behavior (algal clearance rate, filtering frequency), and oxidative stress. Iopamidol was not toxic at concentrations up to 101 mg/L. Sertraline was the most toxic chemical (50% lethal concentrations [LC50] and effect concentrations [EC50] = 0.02-0.04 mg/L), but exposure did not induce oxidative stress. Glochidia and juveniles were more sensitive than adult mussels. Algal clearance rate in juvenile mussels was the most sensitive endpoint assessed, similar to or lower than the LC50 values for glochidia. However, the compounds examined were not toxic at concentrations detected in the environment. The relative bioconcentration factors were sertraline > amitriptyline > iopamidol. These results suggest that glochidia toxicity could be a screening tool for rapidly assessing the toxicity of chemicals of concern to freshwater mussels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1572-1583. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ève A M Gilroy
- Green House Science, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura E King
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas A Bendo
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Salerno
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marina Giacomin
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
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Furness LE, Campbell A, Zhang L, Gaze WH, McDonald RA. Wild small mammals as sentinels for the environmental transmission of antimicrobial resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 154:28-34. [PMID: 28013185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a serious threat to human health worldwide. We have tested the use of free-living small mammals (mice, voles and shrews) as sentinels of variation in the distribution of AMR in the environment and the potential for transmission from the natural environment to animal hosts. Escherichia coli isolated from the faeces of small mammals trapped at paired coastal and inland sites were tested for resistance to four antibiotics: trimethoprim, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. Coastal individuals were over twice as likely to carry AMR E. coli than inland individuals (79% and 35% respectively), and both between-site and between-species variation was observed. Animals from coastal populations also excreted increased numbers of AMR E. coli and a greater diversity of E. coli phylotypes, including human-associated pathogenic strains. Small mammals appear to be useful bioindicators of fine-scale spatial variation in the distribution of AMR and, potentially, of the risks of AMR transmission to mammalian hosts, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Furness
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK; European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Amy Campbell
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Lihong Zhang
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD, UK
| | - William H Gaze
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD, UK.
| | - Robbie A McDonald
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
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Neal AE, Moore PA. Mimicking natural systems: Changes in behavior as a result of dynamic exposure to naproxen. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:347-357. [PMID: 27770650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Animals living in aquatic habitats regularly encounter anthropogenic chemical pollution. Typically, the toxicity of a chemical toxicant is determined by the median lethal concentration (LC50) through a static exposure test. However, LC50 values and static tests do not provide an accurate representation of exposure to pollutants within natural stream systems. In their native habitats, animals experience exposure as a fluctuating concentration due to turbulent mixing, temporal variations of contamination (seasonal inputs), and contaminant input type (point vs. non-point). Research has shown that turbulent environments produce exposures with a high degree of fluctuation in frequency, duration, and intensity. In order to more effectively evaluate the effects of pollutants, we created a dynamic exposure paradigm, utilizing both flow and substrate within a small mesocosm. A commonly used pharmaceutical, naproxen, was used as the toxicant and female crayfish (Orconectes virilis) as the target organism to investigate changes in fighting behavior as a result of dynamic exposure. Crayfish underwent either a 23h long static or a dynamic exposure to naproxen. Following exposure, the target crayfish and an unexposed size matched opponent underwent a 15min fight trial. These fight trials were recorded and later analyzed using a standard ethogram. Results indicate that exposure to sublethal concentrations of naproxen, in both static and flowing conditions, negatively impact aggressive behavior. Results also indicate that a dynamic exposure paradigm has a greater negative impact on behavior than a static exposure. Turbulence and habitat structure play important roles in shaping chemical exposure. Future research should incorporate features of dynamic chemical exposure in order to form a more comprehensive image of chemical exposure and predict the resulting sublethal effects from exposure. Possible techniques for assessment include utilizing flow-through experimental set-ups in tandem with behavioral or physiological endpoints as opposed to acute toxicity. Other possibilities of assessment could involve utilizing fine-scale chemical measurements of pollutants to determine the actual concentrations animals encounter during an exposure event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Neal
- Laboratory for Sensory Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; University of Michigan Biological Station, 9133 Biological Road, Pellston, MI 49769, USA
| | - Paul A Moore
- Laboratory for Sensory Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; University of Michigan Biological Station, 9133 Biological Road, Pellston, MI 49769, USA.
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González JA, Amich F, Postigo-Mota S, Vallejo JR. The use of wild vertebrates in contemporary Spanish ethnoveterinary medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:135-151. [PMID: 27288756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This review documents the wide and varied repertoire of traditional practices based on the use of wild vertebrates in Spanish ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) from the early 20th century to the present. Empirical practices, both ritual and magical, are recorded, and these EVM data are compared with those of other countries in the Mediterranean Region and Latin America. The data collected here could form a scientific foundation for future inventories of traditional knowledge and help in the discovery of new drugs for livestock. MATERIALS AND METHODS A qualitative systematic review of international and national databases in the fields of ethnobiology, ethnoveterinary medicine, folklore and ethnography was made. Information was obtained from more than 60 documentary sources. RESULTS We recorded the use of 30 wild vertebrates and a total of 84 empirical remedies based on the use of a single species. The two most relevant zoological groups are reptiles and mammals. A wide diversity of body parts or products have been and are used. The meat and skin of snakes are the animal products most commonly used. These zootherapeutic resources have been and are used to treat or prevent ca. 50 animal diseases or conditions, in particular digestive and reproductive ailments, together with some infectious diseases. Sheep, cattle and equines form the group of domestic animals in which the greatest number of useful species are employed. In addition, many remedies and practices of the magical type are documented. In comparison with other culturally related areas, this is a rich heritage. CONCLUSIONS Contemporary Spanish EVM practices amass a great richness of wild animal-based remedies. A diversity of animal parts or products have been used, offering a cultural heritage that could be a fundamental step in the discovery of new and low-cost drugs for treating livestock and alternative materials for pharmaceutical purposes. This overview contributes to the inventory of some uses and rituals seriously threatened by the progressive loss of local veterinary knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A González
- Grupo de Investigación de Recursos Etnobiológicos del Duero-Douro (GRIRED), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca E-37071, Spain.
| | - Francisco Amich
- Grupo de Investigación de Recursos Etnobiológicos del Duero-Douro (GRIRED), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca E-37071, Spain.
| | - Salvador Postigo-Mota
- Equipo de Antropología Social y Cultural, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz E-06006, Spain.
| | - José Ramón Vallejo
- Departamento de Terapéutica Médico-Quirúrgica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz E-06006, Spain.
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Zivna D, Blahova J, Siroka Z, Plhalova L, Marsalek P, Doubkova V, Zelinska G, Vecerek V, Tichy F, Sehonova P, Svobodova Z. The Effects of Salicylic Acid on Juvenile Zebrafish Danio rerio Under Flow-Through Conditions. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:323-330. [PMID: 27385367 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment is becoming increasingly contaminated with pharmaceuticals. Salicylic acid (SA), which can be used individually or appear as a degradation product of the widely used acetylsalicylic acid was chosen for testing. Juvenile zebrafish Danio rerio were subjected to OECD test No. 215 (fish, juvenile growth test) with salicylic acid concentrations of 0.004; 0.04; 0.4; 4 and 40 mg/L. Specific growth rate (SGR), histological changes, and parameters of oxidative stress were evaluated. SA had no effects on histological changes, SGR, glutathione reductase, and lipid peroxidation. Increased catalytic activity of GPx was found at 0.04 mg/L compared to control, increased catalytic activity of catalase was found at 0.04 and 4 mg/L compared to control, and increased catalytic activity of glutathione-S-transferase was found at 0.004 and 0.04 mg/L compared to control (P < 0.05). Juvenile zebrafish turned out to be relatively insensitive to both environmentally relevant (0.004 mg/L) and higher concentrations of salicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Zivna
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Siroka
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Plhalova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marsalek
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Doubkova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Zelinska
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Vecerek
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Tichy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Sehonova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
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46
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Bean TG, Arnold KE, Lane J, Pietravalle S, Boxall ABA. An in vitro method for determining the bioaccessibility of pharmaceuticals in wildlife. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2349-2357. [PMID: 26896322 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife can be exposed to human pharmaceuticals via prey that have accumulated the compounds from wastewater, surface water, sediment, and soil. One factor affecting internal absorption of pharmaceuticals is bioaccessibility, the proportion of the compound that enters solution in the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, the bioaccessibility of most pharmaceuticals in prey remains unknown for most wildlife species. The authors evaluated the potential of a 2-compartment in vitro gastrointestinal tract model to compare the bioaccessibility of the antidepressant fluoxetine from invertebrate prey for birds and mammals. Samples of gizzard (or stomach) and intestinal-phase digestive juices were obtained from the in vitro models along with the residual solid material. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed that the bioaccessibility of fluoxetine in the avian in vitro models was statistically significantly lower than that in the mammalian models as a percentage of what was recovered; however, there were no statistically or biologically significant interspecies difference in terms of the amount recovered per gram of "food" inserted at the start of the simulation. This in vitro model provides a useful method of comparing the bioaccessibility of pharmaceuticals in different prey for species with different gastrointestinal conditions. There is merit for ecological risk assessments in further developing this in vitro approach to improve estimates of internal exposure for organics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2349-2357. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Bean
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E Arnold
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Lane
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alistair B A Boxall
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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Schröder P, Helmreich B, Škrbić B, Carballa M, Papa M, Pastore C, Emre Z, Oehmen A, Langenhoff A, Molinos M, Dvarioniene J, Huber C, Tsagarakis KP, Martinez-Lopez E, Pagano SM, Vogelsang C, Mascolo G. Status of hormones and painkillers in wastewater effluents across several European states-considerations for the EU watch list concerning estradiols and diclofenac. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12835-66. [PMID: 27023823 PMCID: PMC4912981 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Present technologies for wastewater treatment do not sufficiently address the increasing pollution situation of receiving water bodies, especially with the growing use of personal care products and pharmaceuticals (PPCP) in the private household and health sector. The relevance of addressing this problem of organic pollutants was taken into account by the Directive 2013/39/EU that introduced (i) the quality evaluation of aquatic compartments, (ii) the polluter pays principle, (iii) the need for innovative and affordable wastewater treatment technologies, and (iv) the identification of pollution causes including a list of principal compounds to be monitored. In addition, a watch list of 10 other substances was recently defined by Decision 2015/495 on March 20, 2015. This list contains, among several recalcitrant chemicals, the painkiller diclofenac and the hormones 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol. Although some modern approaches for their removal exist, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), retrofitting most wastewater treatment plants with AOPs will not be acceptable as consistent investment at reasonable operational cost. Additionally, by-product and transformation product formation has to be considered. The same is true for membrane-based technologies (nanofiltration, reversed osmosis) despite of the incredible progress that has been made during recent years, because these systems lead to higher operation costs (mainly due to higher energy consumption) so that the majority of communities will not easily accept them. Advanced technologies in wastewater treatment like membrane bioreactors (MBR) that integrate biological degradation of organic matter with membrane filtration have proven a more complete elimination of emerging pollutants in a rather cost- and labor-intensive technology. Still, most of the presently applied methods are incapable of removing critical compounds completely. In this opinion paper, the state of the art of European WWTPs is reflected, and capacities of single methods are described. Furthermore, the need for analytical standards, risk assessment, and economic planning is stressed. The survey results in the conclusion that combinations of different conventional and advanced technologies including biological and plant-based strategies seem to be most promising to solve the burning problem of polluting our environment with hazardous emerging xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schröder
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions (EGEN), German Research Center for Health and Environment GmbH, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - B Helmreich
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - B Škrbić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - M Carballa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Papa
- Department of Civil Environmental Architectural Engineering & Mathematics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Pastore
- CNR-Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Bari, Italy
| | - Z Emre
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Oehmen
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Caparica, Portugal
| | - A Langenhoff
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University of Agrotechnology & Food Sciences, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Molinos
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - C Huber
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions (EGEN), German Research Center for Health and Environment GmbH, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K P Tsagarakis
- Business and Environmental Economics Technology Lab (BETECO), Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | | | | | - C Vogelsang
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - G Mascolo
- CNR-Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Bari, Italy
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Carter LJ, Ryan JJ, Boxall ABA. Effects of soil properties on the uptake of pharmaceuticals into earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:922-931. [PMID: 27049789 PMCID: PMC4894142 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals can enter the soil environment when animal slurries and sewage sludge are applied to land as a fertiliser or during irrigation with contaminated water. These pharmaceuticals may then be taken up by soil organisms possibly resulting in toxic effects and/or exposure of organisms higher up the food chain. This study investigated the influence of soil properties on the uptake and depuration of pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, fluoxetine and orlistat) in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. The uptake and accumulation of pharmaceuticals into E. fetida changed depending on soil type. Orlistat exhibited the highest pore water based bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and displayed the largest differences between soil types with BCFs ranging between 30.5 and 115.9. For carbamazepine, diclofenac and fluoxetine BCFs ranged between 1.1 and 1.6, 7.0 and 69.6 and 14.1 and 20.4 respectively. Additional analysis demonstrated that in certain treatments the presence of these chemicals in the soil matrices changed the soil pH over time, with a statistically significant pH difference to control samples. The internal pH of E. fetida also changed as a result of incubation in pharmaceutically spiked soil, in comparison to the control earthworms. These results demonstrate that a combination of soil properties and pharmaceutical physico-chemical properties are important in terms of predicting pharmaceutical uptake in terrestrial systems and that pharmaceuticals can modify soil and internal earthworm chemistry which may hold wider implications for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Carter
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Jim J Ryan
- EHS Technical CoE, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, SG12 0DP, UK
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49
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Espín S, García-Fernández AJ, Herzke D, Shore RF, van Hattum B, Martínez-López E, Coeurdassier M, Eulaers I, Fritsch C, Gómez-Ramírez P, Jaspers VLB, Krone O, Duke G, Helander B, Mateo R, Movalli P, Sonne C, van den Brink NW. Tracking pan-continental trends in environmental contamination using sentinel raptors-what types of samples should we use? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:777-801. [PMID: 26944290 PMCID: PMC4823350 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring using birds of prey as sentinel species has been mooted as a way to evaluate the success of European Union directives that are designed to protect people and the environment across Europe from industrial contaminants and pesticides. No such pan-European evaluation currently exists. Coordination of such large scale monitoring would require harmonisation across multiple countries of the types of samples collected and analysed-matrices vary in the ease with which they can be collected and the information they provide. We report the first ever pan-European assessment of which raptor samples are collected across Europe and review their suitability for biomonitoring. Currently, some 182 monitoring programmes across 33 European countries collect a variety of raptor samples, and we discuss the relative merits of each for monitoring current priority and emerging compounds. Of the matrices collected, blood and liver are used most extensively for quantifying trends in recent and longer-term contaminant exposure, respectively. These matrices are potentially the most effective for pan-European biomonitoring but are not so widely and frequently collected as others. We found that failed eggs and feathers are the most widely collected samples. Because of this ubiquity, they may provide the best opportunities for widescale biomonitoring, although neither is suitable for all compounds. We advocate piloting pan-European monitoring of selected priority compounds using these matrices and developing read-across approaches to accommodate any effects that trophic pathway and species differences in accumulation may have on our ability to track environmental trends in contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Espín
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - A J García-Fernández
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - D Herzke
- FRAM-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R F Shore
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - B van Hattum
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Deltares, Marine and Coastal Systems, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - E Martínez-López
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Coeurdassier
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - I Eulaers
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience, Artic Research Centre (ARC), Århus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - C Fritsch
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - P Gómez-Ramírez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - V L B Jaspers
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, EU2-169, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - O Krone
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Duke
- Centre for the Environment, Oxford University Environmental Change Institute, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - B Helander
- Environmental Research & Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Movalli
- Department of Collections, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Artic Research Centre (ARC), Århus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - N W van den Brink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8000, NL-6700EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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50
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Heys KA, Shore RF, Pereira MG, Jones KC, Martin FL. Risk assessment of environmental mixture effects. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05406d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining interactions of multi-component environmental mixtures towards accurate risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Heys
- Centre for Biophotonics
- Lancaster Environment Centre
- Lancaster University
- Lancaster LA1 4YQ
- UK
| | - Richard F. Shore
- Centre of Ecology and Hydrology
- Lancaster University
- Lancaster LA1 4YQ
- UK
| | - M. Glória Pereira
- Centre of Ecology and Hydrology
- Lancaster University
- Lancaster LA1 4YQ
- UK
| | - Kevin C. Jones
- Centre for Biophotonics
- Lancaster Environment Centre
- Lancaster University
- Lancaster LA1 4YQ
- UK
| | - Francis L. Martin
- Centre for Biophotonics
- Lancaster Environment Centre
- Lancaster University
- Lancaster LA1 4YQ
- UK
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