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Murphy EA, Kleiner FH, Helliwell KE, Wheeler GL. Channels of Evolution: Unveiling Evolutionary Patterns in Diatom Ca 2+ Signalling. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1207. [PMID: 38732422 PMCID: PMC11085791 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Diatoms are important primary producers in marine and freshwater environments, but little is known about the signalling mechanisms they use to detect changes in their environment. All eukaryotic organisms use Ca2+ signalling to perceive and respond to environmental stimuli, employing a range of Ca2+-permeable ion channels to facilitate the movement of Ca2+ across cellular membranes. We investigated the distribution of different families of Ca2+ channels in diatom genomes, with comparison to other members of the stramenopile lineage. The four-domain voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Cav) are present in some centric diatoms but almost completely absent in pennate diatoms, whereas single-domain voltage-gated EukCatA channels were found in all diatoms. Glutamate receptors (GLRs) and pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) also appear to have been lost in several pennate species. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are present in all diatoms, but have not undergone the significant expansion seen in brown algae. All diatom species analysed lacked the mitochondrial uniporter (MCU), a highly conserved channel type found in many eukaryotes, including several stramenopile lineages. These results highlight the unique Ca2+-signalling toolkit of diatoms and indicate that evolutionary gains or losses of different Ca2+ channels may contribute to differences in cellular-signalling mechanisms between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor A. Murphy
- Marine Biological Association, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK (K.E.H.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | | | - Katherine E. Helliwell
- Marine Biological Association, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK (K.E.H.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Glen L. Wheeler
- Marine Biological Association, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK (K.E.H.)
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2
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Bianco V, Miccio L, Pirone D, Cavalletti E, Behal J, Memmolo P, Sardo A, Ferraro P. Multi-scale fractal Fourier Ptychographic microscopy to assess the dose-dependent impact of copper pollution on living diatoms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8418. [PMID: 38600062 PMCID: PMC11231145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of bioavailable heavy metals in aquatic environment poses a serious threat to marine communities and human health due to possible trophic transfers through the food chain of toxic, non-degradable, exogenous pollutants. Copper (Cu) is one of the most spread heavy metals in water, and can severely affect primary producers at high doses. Here we show a novel imaging test to assay the dose-dependent effects of Cu on live microalgae identifying stress conditions when they are still capable of sustaining a positive growth. The method relies on Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (FPM), capable to image large field of view in label-free phase-contrast mode attaining submicron lateral resolution. We uniquely combine FPM with a new multi-scale analysis method based on fractal geometry. The system is able to provide ensemble measurements of thousands of diatoms in the liquid sample simultaneously, while ensuring at same time single-cell imaging and analysis for each diatom. Through new image descriptors, we demonstrate that fractal analysis is suitable for handling the complexity and informative power of such multiscale FPM modality. We successfully tested this new approach by measuring how different concentrations of Cu impact on Skeletonema pseudocostatum diatom populations isolated from the Sarno River mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Bianco
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lisa Miccio
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniele Pirone
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Cavalletti
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Jaromir Behal
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Sardo
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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Tan V, Berg F, Maleki H. Diatom-inspired silicification process for development of green flexible silica composite aerogels. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6973. [PMID: 38521812 PMCID: PMC10960801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have developed novel biomimetic silica composite aerogels and cryogels for the first time, drawing inspiration from the natural diatom's silicification process. Our biomimetic approach involved the modification of tyrosinase-mediated oxidized silk fibroin (SFO) surfaces with polyethyleneimine (PEI). This modification introduced ample amine groups onto the SF polymer, which catalyzed the silicification of the SFO-PEI gel surface with silicic acid. This process emulates the catalytic function of long-chain polyamines and silaffin proteins found in diatoms, resulting in a silica network structure on the primary SFO-PEI network gel's surface. The SFO-PEI gel matrix played a dual role in this process: (1) It provided numerous amine functional groups that directly catalyzed the silicification of silicic acid on the porous structure's exterior surface, without encapsulating the created silica network in the gel. (2) It served as a flexible mechanical support facilitating the creation of the silica network. As a result, the final ceramic composite exhibits a mechanically flexible nature (e.g., cyclic compressibility up to 80% strain), distinguishing it from conventional composite aerogels. By mimicking the diatom's silicification process, we were able to simplify the development of silica-polymer composite aerogels. It eliminates the need for surfactants, multi-step procedures involving solvent exchange, and gel washing. Instead, the reaction occurs under mild conditions, streamlining the composite aerogels fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstresse 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Berg
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstresse 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hajar Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstresse 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC Research Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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Wang Y, Kong J, Gu S, Huang B, Sun P. Dynamics of benthic microeukaryotic communities in a mangrove wetland invaded by Spartina alterniflora: Effects of vegetation, seasonality, and sediment depth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170231. [PMID: 38246384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Benthic microeukaryotes are crucial mediators of biogeochemical cycles in coastal wetland ecosystems, yet their spatial and temporal variability remains poorly understood. This study delineates the diversity patterns of benthic microeukaryotes in a Spartina alterniflora-invaded mangrove ecosystem in Fujian, China. Using high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA gene transcripts, we identified the influences of vegetation, seasonality, and sediment depth on microeukaryotic communities. We discovered that vegetation cover significantly affects community composition, primarily driven by nutrient concentrations and pH. The community structure of microeukaryotes varied seasonally and vertically, correlating with changes in sediment temperature, pH, salinity, and fucoxanthin concentration. Notably, invasive Spartina alterniflora habitats showed enhanced heterotrophic interactions, suggesting that invasive species can reshape benthic microeukaryotic co-occurrence patterns. Seasonal co-occurrence patterns revealed dominant Bacillariophyta assemblages exhibited distinct network modules enriched in the cold (spring) and warm (summer and fall) seasons, respectively, which indicated potential ecological niche differentiation. Our findings reveal the complex relationships between environmental factors and benthic microeukaryotic diversity, offering insights into microbial responses to natural and invasive vegetation influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Songsong Gu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bangqin Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ping Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Zhang X, Yu K, Li M, Jiang H, Gao W, Zhao J, Li K. Diatom-dinoflagellate succession in the Bohai Sea: The role of N/P ratios and dissolved organic nitrogen components. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121150. [PMID: 38246079 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is a pivotal component of total dissolved nitrogen pools, serving as a crucial nitrogen source for phytoplankton. This study investigated the impact of nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N/P) ratios and different DON components (hydrophilic vs hydrophobic DON) on diatom-dinoflagellate succession through field culture experiments. Results showed that dinoflagellates have a competitive advantage under high N/P ratios and phosphorus limitation, regardless of DON or DIN treatments. Hydrophilic DON exhibits greater bioavailability than hydrophobic DON (40.6% vs. 21.7 %), resulting in increased algal biomass and diatoms dominance in the community. Additionally, DON was categorized into labile and refractory components (LDON and RDON) based on bioavailability. LDON primarily consists of protein-like components that can be readily consumed by algae, whereas RDON is primarily composed of humic-like components that are less accessible to algae. Diatoms and dinoflagellates exhibited differential responses to LDON and RDON, with diatoms thriving in high LDON environments, while dinoflagellates gained a competitive advantage when RDON was the predominant nitrogen source. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between bioavailable nitrogen concentration (BAN: DIN + LDON) and the ratio of dinoflagellates to diatoms (p<0.05). In conclusion, our study highlights the role of LDON in promoting diatom dominance, whereas environments dominated by RDON foster dinoflagellate success. These findings enhance our comprehension of diatom-dinoflagellate succession dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2066061, China
| | - Kunlong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2066061, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2066061, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2066061, China
| | - Weimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2066061, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Keqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2066061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Dennis G, Posewitz MC. Advances in light system engineering across the phototrophic spectrum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1332456. [PMID: 38410727 PMCID: PMC10895028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1332456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Current work in photosynthetic engineering is progressing along the lines of cyanobacterial, microalgal, and plant research. These are interconnected through the fundamental mechanisms of photosynthesis and advances in one field can often be leveraged to improve another. It is worthwhile for researchers specializing in one or more of these systems to be aware of the work being done across the entire research space as parallel advances of techniques and experimental approaches can often be applied across the field of photosynthesis research. This review focuses on research published in recent years related to the light reactions of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae, and plants. Highlighted are attempts to improve photosynthetic efficiency, and subsequent biomass production. Also discussed are studies on cross-field heterologous expression, and related work on augmented and novel light capture systems. This is reviewed in the context of translatability in research across diverse photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen Dennis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Matthew C Posewitz
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
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Zepernick BN, Chase EE, Denison ER, Gilbert NE, Truchon AR, Frenken T, Cody WR, Martin RM, Chaffin JD, Bullerjahn GS, McKay RML, Wilhelm SW. Declines in ice cover are accompanied by light limitation responses and community change in freshwater diatoms. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrad015. [PMID: 38366077 PMCID: PMC10939406 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The rediscovery of diatom blooms embedded within and beneath the Lake Erie ice cover (2007-2012) ignited interest in psychrophilic adaptations and winter limnology. Subsequent studies determined the vital role ice plays in winter diatom ecophysiology as diatoms partition to the underside of ice, thereby fixing their location within the photic zone. Yet, climate change has led to widespread ice decline across the Great Lakes, with Lake Erie presenting a nearly "ice-free" state in several recent winters. It has been hypothesized that the resultant turbid, isothermal water column induces light limitation amongst winter diatoms and thus serves as a competitive disadvantage. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a physiochemical and metatranscriptomic survey that spanned spatial, temporal, and climatic gradients of the winter Lake Erie water column (2019-2020). Our results suggest that ice-free conditions decreased planktonic diatom bloom magnitude and altered diatom community composition. Diatoms increased their expression of various photosynthetic genes and iron transporters, which suggests that the diatoms are attempting to increase their quantity of photosystems and light-harvesting components (a well-defined indicator of light limitation). We identified two gene families which serve to increase diatom fitness in the turbid ice-free water column: proton-pumping rhodopsins (a potential second means of light-driven energy acquisition) and fasciclins (a means to "raft" together to increase buoyancy and co-locate to the surface to optimize light acquisition). With large-scale climatic changes already underway, our observations provide insight into how diatoms respond to the dynamic ice conditions of today and shed light on how they will fare in a climatically altered tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Zepernick
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Emily E Chase
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Denison
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Naomi E Gilbert
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Alexander R Truchon
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Thijs Frenken
- HAS University of Applied Sciences, 5223 DE ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9C 1A2, Canada
| | - William R Cody
- Aquatic Taxonomy Specialists, Malinta, OH 43535, United States
| | - Robbie M Martin
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Justin D Chaffin
- Stone Laboratory and Ohio Sea Grant, The Ohio State University, Put-In-Bay, OH 43456, United States
| | - George S Bullerjahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - R Michael L McKay
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9C 1A2, Canada
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
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8
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Murison V, Hérault J, Côme M, Guinio S, Lebon A, Chamot C, Bénard M, Galas L, Schoefs B, Marchand J, Bardor M, Ulmann L. Comparison of two Phaeodactylum tricornutum ecotypes under nitrogen starvation and resupply reveals distinct lipid accumulation strategies but a common degradation process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1257500. [PMID: 37810403 PMCID: PMC10556672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1257500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model species frequently used to study lipid metabolism in diatoms. When exposed to a nutrient limitation or starvation, diatoms are known to accumulate neutral lipids in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs). Those lipids are produced partly de novo and partly from the recycle of plastid membrane lipids. Under a nitrogen resupply, the accumulated lipids are catabolized, a phenomenon about which only a few data are available. Various strains of P. tricornutum have been isolated around the world that may differ in lipid accumulation patterns. Methods To get further information on this topic, two genetically distant ecotypes of P. tricornutum (Pt1 and Pt4) have been cultivated under nitrogen deprivation during 11 days followed by a resupply period of 3 days. The importance of cytoplasmic LDs relative to the plastid was assessed by a combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy and cell volume estimation using bright field microscopy pictures. Results and discussion We observed that in addition to a basal population of small LDs (0.005 μm3 to 0.7 μm3) present in both strains all along the experiment, Pt4 cells immediately produced two large LDs (up to 12 μm3 after 11 days) while Pt1 cells progressively produced a higher number of smaller LDs (up to 7 μm3 after 11 days). In this work we showed that, in addition to intracellular available space, lipid accumulation may be limited by the pre-starvation size of the plastid as a source of membrane lipids to be recycled. After resupplying nitrogen and for both ecotypes, a fragmentation of the largest LDs was observed as well as a possible migration of LDs to the vacuoles that would suggest an autophagic degradation. Altogether, our results deepen the understanding of LDs dynamics and open research avenues for a better knowledge of lipid degradation in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Murison
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| | - Josiane Hérault
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| | - Martine Côme
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| | - Sabrina Guinio
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| | - Alexis Lebon
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Chamot
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Bénard
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire GlycoMEV UR4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, Rouen, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
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Yang J, Ahmed W, Mehmood S, Ou W, Li J, Xu W, Wang L, Mahmood M, Li W. Evaluating the Combined Effects of Erythromycin and Levofloxacin on the Growth of Navicula sp. and Understanding the Underlying Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2547. [PMID: 37447108 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Navicula sp., a type of benthic diatom, plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle as a widely distributed algae in water bodies, making it an essential primary producer in the context of global carbon neutrality. However, using erythromycin (ERY) and levofloxacin (LEV) in medicine, livestock, and aquaculture has introduced a new class of pollutants known as antibiotic pollutants, which pose potential threats to human and animal health. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of ERY and LEV, individually or in combination, on the growth, antioxidant system, chlorophyll synthesis, and various cell osmotic pressure indexes (such as soluble protein, proline, and betaine) of Navicula sp. The results indicated that ERY (1 mg/L), LEV (320 mg/L), and their combined effects could inhibit the growth of Navicula sp. Interestingly, the combination of these two drugs exhibited a time-dependent effect on the chlorophyll synthesis of Navicula sp., with ERY inhibiting the process while LEV promoted it. Furthermore, after 96 h of exposure to the drugs, the activities of GSH-Px, POD, CAT, and the contents of MDA, proline, and betaine increased. Conversely, the actions of GST and the contents of GSH and soluble protein decreased in the ERY group. In the LEV group, the activities of POD and CAT and the contents of GSH, MDA, proline, and betaine increased, while the contents of soluble protein decreased. Conversely, the mixed group exhibited increased POD activity and contents of GSH, MDA, proline, betaine, and soluble protein. These findings suggest that antibiotics found in pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) can harm primary marine benthic eukaryotes. The findings from the research on the possible hazards linked to antibiotic medications in aquatic ecosystems offer valuable knowledge for ensuring the safe application of these drugs in environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mohsin Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Yee DP, Samo TJ, Abbriano RM, Shimasaki B, Vernet M, Mayali X, Weber PK, Mitchell BG, Hildebrand M, Decelle J, Tresguerres M. The V-type ATPase enhances photosynthesis in marine phytoplankton and further links phagocytosis to symbiogenesis. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2541-2547.e5. [PMID: 37263270 PMCID: PMC10326425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms, dinoflagellates, and coccolithophores are dominant groups of marine eukaryotic phytoplankton that are collectively responsible for the majority of primary production in the ocean.1 These phytoplankton contain additional intracellular membranes around their chloroplasts, which are derived from ancestral engulfment of red microalgae by unicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes that led to secondary and tertiary endosymbiosis.2 However, the selectable evolutionary advantage of these membranes and the physiological significance for extant phytoplankton remain poorly understood. Since intracellular digestive vacuoles are ubiquitously acidified by V-type H+-ATPase (VHA),3 proton pumps were proposed to acidify the microenvironment around secondary chloroplasts to promote the dehydration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into CO2, thus enhancing photosynthesis.4,5 We report that VHA is localized around the chloroplasts of centric diatoms and that VHA significantly contributes to their photosynthesis across a wide range of oceanic irradiances. Similar results in a pennate diatom, dinoflagellate, and coccolithophore, but not green or red microalgae, imply the co-option of phagocytic VHA activity into a carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) is common to secondary endosymbiotic phytoplankton. Furthermore, analogous mechanisms in extant photosymbiotic marine invertebrates6,7,8 provide functional evidence for an adaptive advantage throughout the transition from endosymbiosis to symbiogenesis. Based on the contribution of diatoms to ocean biogeochemical cycles, VHA-mediated enhancement of photosynthesis contributes at least 3.5 Gtons of fixed carbon per year (or 7% of primary production in the ocean), providing an example of a symbiosis-derived evolutionary innovation with global environmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Yee
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Cell and Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, and IRIG, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France.
| | - Ty J Samo
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Raffaela M Abbriano
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bethany Shimasaki
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria Vernet
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xavier Mayali
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Peter K Weber
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - B Greg Mitchell
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark Hildebrand
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Johan Decelle
- Cell and Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, and IRIG, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France
| | - Martin Tresguerres
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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11
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Bilcke G, Kamakura S. Scaling the invisible wall: Molecular acclimation of a salinity-tolerant diatom to freshwater. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:2692-2694. [PMID: 37212189 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, marine and freshwater environments are separated by steep salinity gradients. The osmotic stress induced by this 'invisible wall' forms an insurmountable barrier for many aquatic lifeforms, including bacteria, algae and animals. Because the osmotic differences when transiting a salinity divide are so hard to overcome, most species have adapted exclusively to a marine or a freshwater lifestyle. A major consequence of this physiological specialization into marine and freshwater organisms is that transitions are relatively rare, impeding regular contact and colonization. While some animals use specialized organs or behaviour to cope with unfavourable salinity levels, unicellular algae such as diatoms are completely dependent on cellular mechanisms to mitigate salinity stress. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Downey and colleagues investigate the transcriptomic response of a salinity-tolerant diatom to a shock treatment with freshwater (Molecular Ecology, 2023). Through frequent sampling and integration of existing RNA sequencing data, a fine-grained model of the acclimation to hypo-osmotic stress emerges. Deciphering the pathways that drive the acute and long-term acclimation to freshwater has major implications for diatom ecology, diversification and resilience to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gust Bilcke
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shiho Kamakura
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Japan
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12
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Sweere TC, Dickson AJ, Vance D. Nickel and zinc micronutrient availability in Phanerozoic oceans. GEOBIOLOGY 2023; 21:310-322. [PMID: 36536606 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nickel and zinc are both bio-essential micronutrients with a nutrient-like distribution in the modern ocean, but show key differences in their biological functions and geochemical behavior. Eukaryotic phytoplankton, and especially diatoms, have high Zn quotas, whereas cyanobacteria generally require relatively more Ni. Secular changes in the relative availability of these micronutrients may, therefore, have affected the evolution and diversification of phytoplankton. In this study, we use a large compilation of Ni and Zn concentration data for Phanerozoic sediments to evaluate long-term changes in Ni and Zn availability and possible links to phytoplankton evolution. Modern data suggest that organic-rich sediments capture the dissolved deep ocean Ni/Zn ratio, regardless of local depositional conditions. We use this observation to constrain Ni/Zn ratios for past oceans, based on data from the sedimentary record. This record highlights long-term changes in the relative availability of these micronutrients that can be linked to the (bio)geochemical conditions on the Earth's surface. Early Palaeozoic oceans were likely relatively Ni rich, with sedimentary Ni/Zn ratios for this interval mostly being around ~1 or higher. A comparison with Phanerozoic strontium-, carbon-, and sulfur-isotopic records suggests that the late Palaeozoic decrease in sulfidic conditions and increase in hydrothermal inputs and organic-carbon burial rates caused a shift towards more Zn-rich conditions. Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments show relatively Zn-rich oceans for these time intervals, with sedimentary Ni/Zn ratios mostly being around ~1 or lower. These observations imply that the diversification of the dominant groups of modern eukaryotic phytoplankton occurred in relatively Zn-rich oceans and that these organisms still carry this signature in their stoichiometries. However, the Phanerozoic transition to a more Zn-rich ocean pre-dates the origin and diversification of modern eukaryotes and, therefore, this transition was likely not the main direct cause for eukaryotic diversification in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim C Sweere
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander J Dickson
- Centre of Climate, Ocean and Atmosphere, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - Derek Vance
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Sidhu C, Kirstein IV, Meunier CL, Rick J, Fofonova V, Wiltshire KH, Steinke N, Vidal-Melgosa S, Hehemann JH, Huettel B, Schweder T, Fuchs BM, Amann RI, Teeling H. Dissolved storage glycans shaped the community composition of abundant bacterioplankton clades during a North Sea spring phytoplankton bloom. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:77. [PMID: 37069671 PMCID: PMC10108472 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blooms of marine microalgae play a pivotal role in global carbon cycling. Such blooms entail successive blooms of specialized clades of planktonic bacteria that collectively remineralize gigatons of algal biomass on a global scale. This biomass is largely composed of distinct polysaccharides, and the microbial decomposition of these polysaccharides is therefore a process of prime importance. RESULTS In 2020, we sampled a complete biphasic spring bloom in the German Bight over a 90-day period. Bacterioplankton metagenomes from 30 time points allowed reconstruction of 251 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Corresponding metatranscriptomes highlighted 50 particularly active MAGs of the most abundant clades, including many polysaccharide degraders. Saccharide measurements together with bacterial polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) expression data identified β-glucans (diatom laminarin) and α-glucans as the most prominent and actively metabolized dissolved polysaccharide substrates. Both substrates were consumed throughout the bloom, with α-glucan PUL expression peaking at the beginning of the second bloom phase shortly after a peak in flagellate and the nadir in bacterial total cell counts. CONCLUSIONS We show that the amounts and composition of dissolved polysaccharides, in particular abundant storage polysaccharides, have a pronounced influence on the composition of abundant bacterioplankton members during phytoplankton blooms, some of which compete for similar polysaccharide niches. We hypothesize that besides the release of algal glycans, also recycling of bacterial glycans as a result of increased bacterial cell mortality can have a significant influence on bacterioplankton composition during phytoplankton blooms. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandni Sidhu
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Inga V. Kirstein
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, P.O. Box 180, 27483 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Cédric L. Meunier
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, P.O. Box 180, 27483 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Johannes Rick
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Hafenstraße 43, 25992 List/Sylt, Germany
| | - Vera Fofonova
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Klußmannstraße 3, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Karen H. Wiltshire
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, P.O. Box 180, 27483 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Nicola Steinke
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 8, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vidal-Melgosa
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 8, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 8, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Bruno Huettel
- Max Planck Genome Centre Cologne, Carl Von Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Walther-Rathenau-Straße 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernhard M. Fuchs
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Rudolf I. Amann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hanno Teeling
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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14
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Kutako M, Hiransuchalert R, Kaewduang M, Hanchana O, Setthamongkol P, Chindudsadeegul P, Gunbua V, Jaritkhuan S. Morphological and molecular comparison as a useful tool for identification of the three centric marine diatoms (Bacillariophyceae: Chaetoceros). Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:173. [PMID: 37017784 PMCID: PMC10075179 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify morphological and molecular comparison of three marine Chaetoceros species using microscopic observations, sequence analysis of 18S rDNA, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) barcoding and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Chaetoceros were obtained from three different algae laboratories: Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology (CEMB), Chanthaburi Coastal Fisheries Research and Development (CHAN) and Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University (BIM). Genomic DNA for the RAPD-PCR analysis was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method, followed by 18S rDNA amplification. The blast results of 18S rDNA sequence confirmed the significantly matched to C. gracilis for Chaetoceros BIM and CHAN and C. muelleri for Chaetoceros CEMB(e-value = 0.0, identity = 99%). The RAPD-PCR results revealed differences in the three Chaetoceros isolates with polymorphisms between 30.43% and 60.00%, and Chaetoceros CEMB showed high polymorphic bands. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that Chaetoceros CEMB were larger and had larger setae compared to the other isolates (P < 0.05). The results of the NMR characterization of metabolites were consistent with the results of the sequence and morphological analyses. The concentrations of several metabolites, including chlorophyll c1, chlorophyll a, Myo-inositol, fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, were lower in Chaetoceros CEMB than in Chaetoceros BIM and CHAN. However, high concentrations of fatty acids, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and arachidic acid, were observed in all isolates. Generally, the results of this study will aid future studies examining the diversity of Chaetoceros in various cultural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliwan Kutako
- Marine Biotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Marine Technology, Chanthaburi Campus, 57 Moo 1, Kamong, Thamai, Chanthaburi, 22170, Thailand
| | - Rachanimuk Hiransuchalert
- Marine Biotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Marine Technology, Chanthaburi Campus, 57 Moo 1, Kamong, Thamai, Chanthaburi, 22170, Thailand.
- Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saensook, Muang, Chon Buri, 20131, Thailand.
| | - Mookthida Kaewduang
- Marine Biotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Marine Technology, Chanthaburi Campus, 57 Moo 1, Kamong, Thamai, Chanthaburi, 22170, Thailand
| | - Orawan Hanchana
- Marine Biotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Marine Technology, Chanthaburi Campus, 57 Moo 1, Kamong, Thamai, Chanthaburi, 22170, Thailand
| | - Pakawan Setthamongkol
- Marine Biotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Marine Technology, Chanthaburi Campus, 57 Moo 1, Kamong, Thamai, Chanthaburi, 22170, Thailand
| | - Parinya Chindudsadeegul
- Faculty of Gems, Burapha University, Chanthaburi Campus, 57 Moo 1, Kamong, Thamai, Chanthaburi, 22170, Thailand
| | - Vichaya Gunbua
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saensook, Muang, Chon Buri, 20131, Thailand
| | - Somtawin Jaritkhuan
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saensook, Muang, Chon Buri, 20131, Thailand
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15
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Kalu EI, Reyes-Prieto A, Barbeau MA. Community dynamics of microbial eukaryotes in intertidal mudflats in the hypertidal Bay of Fundy. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:21. [PMID: 36918616 PMCID: PMC10014957 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Protists (microbial eukaryotes) are a critically important but understudied group of microorganisms. They are ubiquitous, represent most of the genetic and functional diversity among eukaryotes, and play essential roles in nutrient and energy cycling. Yet, protists remain a black box in marine sedimentary ecosystems like the intertidal mudflats in the Bay of Fundy. The harsh conditions of the intertidal zone and high energy nature of tides in the Bay of Fundy provide an ideal system for gaining insights into the major food web players, diversity patterns and potential structuring influences of protist communities. Our 18S rDNA metabarcoding study quantified seasonal variations and vertical stratification of protist communities in Bay of Fundy mudflat sediments. Three 'SAR' lineages were consistently dominant (in terms of abundance, richness, and prevalence), drove overall community dynamics and formed the core microbiome in sediments. They are Cercozoa (specifically thecate, benthic gliding forms), Bacillariophyta (mainly cosmopolitan, typically planktonic diatoms), and Dinophyceae (dominated by a toxigenic, bloom-forming species). Consumers were the dominant trophic functional group and were comprised mostly of eukaryvorous and bacterivorous Cercozoa, and omnivorous Ciliophora, while phototrophs were dominated by Bacillariophyta. The codominance of Apicomplexa (invertebrate parasites) and Syndiniales (protist parasites) in parasite assemblages, coupled with broader diversity patterns, highlighted the combined marine and terrestrial influences on microbial communities inhabiting intertidal sediments. Our findings, the most comprehensive in a hypertidal benthic system, suggest that synergistic interactions of both local and regional processes (notably benthic-pelagic coupling) may drive heterogenous microbial distribution in high-energy coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eke I Kalu
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
| | | | - Myriam A Barbeau
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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16
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Brownlee C, Helliwell KE, Meeda Y, McLachlan D, Murphy EA, Wheeler GL. Regulation and integration of membrane transport in marine diatoms. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 134:79-89. [PMID: 35305902 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms represent one of the most successful groups of marine phytoplankton and are major contributors to ocean biogeochemical cycling. They have colonized marine, freshwater and ice environments and inhabit all regions of the World's oceans, from poles to tropics. Their success is underpinned by a remarkable ability to regulate their growth and metabolism during nutrient limitation and to respond rapidly when nutrients are available. This requires precise regulation of membrane transport and nutrient acquisition mechanisms, integration of nutrient sensing mechanisms and coordination of different transport pathways. This review outlines transport mechanisms involved in acquisition of key nutrients (N, C, P, Si, Fe) by marine diatoms, illustrating their complexity, sophistication and multiple levels of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Brownlee
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Katherine E Helliwell
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Yasmin Meeda
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Deirdre McLachlan
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Eleanor A Murphy
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Glen L Wheeler
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
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17
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Abstract
Diatoms play a key role in the marine silica cycle, but recent studies have shown that sponges can also have an important effect on this dynamic. They accumulate large stocks of biogenic silica within their bodies over long periods, which are thought to vary little on an intra-annual scale. The observation of an abrupt decline in sponge biomass in parallel with large increases in abundance of a spongivorous nudibranch (Doris verrucosa) led us to conduct a year-long study on the effect of nudibranch predation on the silicon budget of a sponge (Hymeniacidon perlevis) population. After 5 months of predation, the abundance of sponge individuals did not change but their biomass decreased by 95%, of which 48% was explained by nudibranch predation. About 97% of sponge spicules ingested by nudibranchs while feeding was excreted, most of them unbroken, implying a high rate of sponge silica deposition in the surrounding sediments. After predation, sponges partially recovered their biomass stocks within 7 months. This involved a rapid growth rate and large assimilation of dissolved silicon. Surprisingly, the highest rates of silicon absorption occurred when dissolved silicon concentration in seawater was minimal (< 1.5 µM). These findings suggest that the annual sponge predation-recovery cycle triggers unprecedented intra-annual changes in sponge silicon stocks and boosts the cycling of this nutrient. They also highlight the need for intra-annual data collection to understand the dynamics and resilience of sponge ecosystem functioning.
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18
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Xu D, Huang S, Fan X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang W, Beardall J, Brennan G, Ye N. Elevated CO 2 reduces copper accumulation and toxicity in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1113388. [PMID: 36687610 PMCID: PMC9853397 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1113388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The projected ocean acidification (OA) associated with increasing atmospheric CO2 alters seawater chemistry and hence the bio-toxicity of metal ions. However, it is still unclear how OA might affect the long-term resilience of globally important marine microalgae to anthropogenic metal stress. To explore the effect of increasing pCO2 on copper metabolism in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (CCMP 1335), we employed an integrated eco-physiological, analytical chemistry, and transcriptomic approach to clarify the effect of increasing pCO2 on copper metabolism of Thalassiosira pseudonana across different temporal (short-term vs. long-term) and spatial (indoor laboratory experiments vs. outdoor mesocosms experiments) scales. We found that increasing pCO2 (1,000 and 2,000 μatm) promoted growth and photosynthesis, but decreased copper accumulation and alleviated its bio-toxicity to T. pseudonana. Transcriptomics results indicated that T. pseudonana altered the copper detoxification strategy under OA by decreasing copper uptake and enhancing copper-thiol complexation and copper efflux. Biochemical analysis further showed that the activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and phytochelatin synthetase (PCS) were enhanced to mitigate oxidative damage of copper stress under elevated CO2. Our results provide a basis for a better understanding of the bioremediation capacity of marine primary producers, which may have profound effect on the security of seafood quality and marine ecosystem sustainability under further climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shujie Huang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgina Brennan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, ICM-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain,*Correspondence: Georgina Brennan, ✉
| | - Naihao Ye
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China,Naihao Ye, ✉
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19
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Zepernick BN, Niknejad DJ, Stark GF, Truchon AR, Martin RM, Rossignol KL, Paerl HW, Wilhelm SW. Morphological, physiological, and transcriptional responses of the freshwater diatom Fragilaria crotonensis to elevated pH conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1044464. [PMID: 36504786 PMCID: PMC9732472 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1044464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by the toxin-producing cyanobacteria Microcystis spp., can increase water column pH. While the effect(s) of these basified conditions on the bloom formers are a high research priority, how these pH shifts affect other biota remains understudied. Recently, it was shown these high pH levels decrease growth and Si deposition rates in the freshwater diatom Fragilaria crotonensis and natural Lake Erie (Canada-US) diatom populations. However, the physiological mechanisms and transcriptional responses of diatoms associated with these observations remain to be documented. Here, we examined F. crotonensis with a set of morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic tools to identify cellular responses to high pH. We suggest 2 potential mechanisms that may contribute to morphological and physiological pH effects observed in F. crotonensis. Moreover, we identified a significant upregulation of mobile genetic elements in the F. crotonensis genome which appear to be an extreme transcriptional response to this abiotic stress to enhance cellular evolution rates-a process we have termed "genomic roulette." We discuss the ecological and biogeochemical effects high pH conditions impose on fresh waters and suggest a means by which freshwater diatoms such as F. crotonensis may evade high pH stress to survive in a "basified" future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Niknejad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Gwendolyn F. Stark
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Alexander R. Truchon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Robbie M. Martin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Karen L. Rossignol
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, United States
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, United States
| | - Steven W. Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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20
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Lupette J, Tardif M, Brugière S, Couté Y, Salvaing J, Maréchal E. Quantitative proteomic analyses reveal the impact of nitrogen starvation on the proteome of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200155. [PMID: 36168874 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are one of the largest groups in phytoplankton biodiversity. Understanding their response to nitrogen variations, present from micromolar to near-zero levels in oceans and fresh waters, is essential to comprehend their ecological success. Nitrogen starvation is used in biotechnological processes, to trigger the remodeling of carbon metabolism in the direction of fatty acids and triacylglycerol synthesis. We evaluated whole proteome changes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum after 7 days of cultivation with 5.5-mM nitrate (+N) or without any nitrogen source (-N). On a total of 3768 proteins detected in biological replicates, our analysis pointed to 384 differentially abundant proteins (DAP). Analysis of proteins of lower abundance in -N revealed an arrest of amino acid and protein syntheses, a remodeling of nitrogen metabolism, and a decrease of the proteasome abundance suggesting a decline in unselective whole-proteome decay. Analysis of proteins of higher abundance revealed the setting up of a general nitrogen scavenging system dependent on deaminases. The increase of a plastid palmitoyl-ACP desaturase appeared as a hallmark of carbon metabolism rewiring in the direction of fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. This dataset is also valuable to select gene candidates for improved biotechnological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Marianne Tardif
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Brugière
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Salvaing
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
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21
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WILDLIFE HEALTH AND THE NORTH AMERICAN MODEL OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION. J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 53:493-503. [DOI: 10.1638/2021-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Liu S, Storti M, Finazzi G, Bowler C, Dorrell RG. A metabolic, phylogenomic and environmental atlas of diatom plastid transporters from the model species Phaeodactylum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:950467. [PMID: 36212359 PMCID: PMC9546453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.950467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are an important group of algae, contributing nearly 40% of total marine photosynthetic activity. However, the specific molecular agents and transporters underpinning the metabolic efficiency of the diatom plastid remain to be revealed. We performed in silico analyses of 70 predicted plastid transporters identified by genome-wide searches of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We considered similarity with Arabidopsis thaliana plastid transporters, transcriptional co-regulation with genes encoding core plastid metabolic pathways and with genes encoded in the mitochondrial genomes, inferred evolutionary histories using single-gene phylogeny, and environmental expression trends using Tara Oceans meta-transcriptomics and meta-genomes data. Our data reveal diatoms conserve some of the ion, nucleotide and sugar plastid transporters associated with plants, such as non-specific triose phosphate transporters implicated in the transport of phosphorylated sugars, NTP/NDP and cation exchange transporters. However, our data also highlight the presence of diatom-specific transporter functions, such as carbon and amino acid transporters implicated in intricate plastid-mitochondria crosstalk events. These confirm previous observations that substrate non-specific triose phosphate transporters (TPT) may exist as principal transporters of phosphorylated sugars into and out of the diatom plastid, alongside suggesting probable agents of NTP exchange. Carbon and amino acid transport may be related to intricate metabolic plastid-mitochondria crosstalk. We additionally provide evidence from environmental meta-transcriptomic/meta- genomic data that plastid transporters may underpin diatom sensitivity to ocean warming, and identify a diatom plastid transporter (J43171) whose expression may be positively correlated with temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
- CNRS Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, Paris, France
| | - Mattia Storti
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat Energie Atomique Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National Recherche Agriculture Alimentation Environnement (INRAE), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale (LPCV), Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat Energie Atomique Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National Recherche Agriculture Alimentation Environnement (INRAE), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale (LPCV), Grenoble, France
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
- CNRS Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, Paris, France
| | - Richard G. Dorrell
- Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
- CNRS Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, Paris, France
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23
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Neplyukhina AA, Saifutdinov RA, Paskhina AA, Korobushkin DI. Diatom diversity, distribution and ecology in Mediterranean ecosystems of Abrau Peninsula, north-western Caucasus. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e89405. [PMID: 36761621 PMCID: PMC9848500 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e89405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The North Caucasus is an extensive region with a multitude of landscapes and high biological diversity. Amongst various ecosystems, the xerophytic sub-Mediterranean forests of the Abrau Peninsula (Utrish State Nature Reserve) and its vicinity are unique but have been poorly studied. The diversity of diatoms in North Caucasian ecosystems have been studied partially and only little information is available about their presence and distribution on the Abrau Peninsula. Here, we present a comprehensive check-list of diatoms sampled during a July 2021 field campaign. Samples were collected in 67 sites, including 39 permanent streams, 21 temporal (puddles) and seven permanent waterbodies. Results of the current study contribute to improving the knowledge about diatoms in the north-western Caucasus and its sub-Mediterranean ecosystems in particular. New information Here, we provide a detailed dataset that contains 215 freshwater and brackish diatom occurrences collected during a field campaign in July 2021. A total of 88 diatom (Bacillariophyta) taxa which belong to 12 orders, 25 families and 39 genera were collected. The genera with the highest number of occurrences per site were Gomphonema (26), Nitzschia (22), Navicula (20), Cocconeis (14), Amphora (14), Achnanthidium (14) and Planothidium (11). The genera with the highest number of infrageneric taxa were Nitzschia (8), Navicula (7), Gomphonema (6) and Mastogloia (5). Naviculablazencicae, known as the endemic of the Lake Prespa (Levkov 2007) is found from two sites in our study. Three specimens of the genus Mastogloia could not be assigned to a known species and may represent new diatom species. Distribution and ecology data are provided for each taxa. Occurrence data are given. Statistical analysis of diatom communities showed a significant dependence on habitat type and their ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa A. Neplyukhina
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, RussiaSevertsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RASMoscowRussia
| | - Ruslan A. Saifutdinov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, RussiaSevertsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RASMoscowRussia
| | - Angelina A. Paskhina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, RussiaLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Daniil I. Korobushkin
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, RussiaSevertsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RASMoscowRussia
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Potential for the Production of Carotenoids of Interest in the Polar Diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080491. [PMID: 36005496 PMCID: PMC9409807 DOI: 10.3390/md20080491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid xanthophyll pigments are receiving growing interest in various industrial fields due to their broad and diverse bioactive and health beneficial properties. Fucoxanthin (Fx) and the inter-convertible couple diadinoxanthin–diatoxanthin (Ddx+Dtx) are acknowledged as some of the most promising xanthophylls; they are mainly synthesized by diatoms (Bacillariophyta). While temperate strains of diatoms have been widely investigated, recent years showed a growing interest in using polar strains, which are better adapted to the natural growth conditions of Nordic countries. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential of the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus in producing Fx and Ddx+Dtx by means of the manipulation of the growth light climate (daylength, light intensity and spectrum) and temperature. We further compared its best capacity to the strongest xanthophyll production levels reported for temperate counterparts grown under comparable conditions. In our hands, the best growing conditions for F. cylindrus were a semi-continuous growth at 7 °C and under a 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod of monochromatic blue light (445 nm) at a PUR of 11.7 μmol photons m−2 s−1. This allowed the highest Fx productivity of 43.80 µg L−1 day−1 and the highest Fx yield of 7.53 µg Wh−1, more than two times higher than under ‘white’ light. For Ddx+Dtx, the highest productivity (4.55 µg L−1 day−1) was reached under the same conditions of ‘white light’ and at 0 °C. Our results show that F. cylindrus, and potentially other polar diatom strains, are very well suited for Fx and Ddx+Dtx production under conditions of low temperature and light intensity, reaching similar productivity levels as model temperate counterparts such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The present work supports the possibility of using polar diatoms as an efficient cold and low light-adapted bioresource for xanthophyll pigments, especially usable in Nordic countries.
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25
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Effect Biomarkers of the Widespread Antimicrobial Triclosan in a Marine Model Diatom. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081442. [PMID: 35892644 PMCID: PMC9330214 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present-day COVID-19 pandemic has led to the increasing daily use of antimicrobials worldwide. Triclosan is a manmade disinfectant chemical used in several consumer healthcare products, and thus frequently detected in surface waters. In the present work, we aimed to evaluate the effect of triclosan on diatom cell photophysiology, fatty acid profiles, and oxidative stress biomarkers, using the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a model organism. Several photochemical effects were observed, such as the lower ability of the photosystems to efficiently trap light energy. A severe depletion of fucoxanthin under triclosan application was also evident, pointing to potential use of carotenoid as reactive oxygen species scavengers. It was also observed an evident favouring of the peroxidase activity to detriment of the SOD activity, indicating that superoxide anion is not efficiently metabolized. High triclosan exposure induced high cellular energy allocation, directly linked with an increase in the energy assigned to vital functions, enabling cells to maintain the growth rates upon triclosan exposure. Oxidative stress traits were found to be the most efficient biomarkers as promising tools for triclosan ecotoxicological assessments. Overall, the increasing use of triclosan will lead to significant effects on the diatom photochemical and oxidative stress levels, compromising key roles of diatoms in the marine system.
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26
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Marchand J, Hu H, Manoylov K, Schoefs B. Editorial: Metabolic Regulation of Diatoms and Other Chromalveolates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897639. [PMID: 35592565 PMCID: PMC9111530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Molecular Engineering of Microalgae and Applications, Laboratory Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé Environnement, IUML – FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kalina Manoylov
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville, GA, United States
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Molecular Engineering of Microalgae and Applications, Laboratory Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé Environnement, IUML – FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
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27
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Gilbertson R, Langan E, Mock T. Diatoms and Their Microbiomes in Complex and Changing Polar Oceans. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:786764. [PMID: 35401494 PMCID: PMC8991070 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.786764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms, a key group of polar marine microbes, support highly productive ocean ecosystems. Like all life on earth, diatoms do not live in isolation, and they are therefore under constant biotic and abiotic pressures which directly influence their evolution through natural selection. Despite their importance in polar ecosystems, polar diatoms are understudied compared to temperate species. The observed rapid change in the polar climate, especially warming, has created increased research interest to discover the underlying causes and potential consequences on single species to entire ecosystems. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies have greatly expanded our knowledge by revealing the molecular underpinnings of physiological adaptations to polar environmental conditions. Their genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes together with the first eukaryotic meta-omics data of surface ocean polar microbiomes reflect the environmental pressures through adaptive responses such as the expansion of protein families over time as a consequence of selection. Polar regions and their microbiomes are inherently connected to climate cycles and their feedback loops. An integrated understanding built on “omics” resources centered around diatoms as key primary producers will enable us to reveal unifying concepts of microbial co-evolution and adaptation in polar oceans. This knowledge, which aims to relate past environmental changes to specific adaptations, will be required to improve climate prediction models for polar ecosystems because it provides a unifying framework of how interacting and co-evolving biological communities might respond to future environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Gilbertson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Langan
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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28
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Dhanker R, Kumar R, Tiwari A, Kumar V. Diatoms as a biotechnological resource for the sustainable biofuel production: a state-of-the-art review. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:111-131. [PMID: 35343391 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2053319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The greenhouse gas emission from fossil fuel and higher economic cost in its transportation are stimulating scientists to explore biomass energy production at the local level. In the present review, the authors have explored the prospects of commercial-scale biofuels production from the microalgal group, diatoms. Insights on suitability of mass cultivation systems for large-scale production of diatoms have been deliberated based on published literature. Diatoms can proliferate extracting nutrients from the wastewater and the same biomass can be harvested for biofuel production. Residues can be further utilized for the formation of other bioproducts and biofertilizers. The residual applications of diatoms from mass culture are estimated to compensate for the additional costs incurred in the removal of impurities. Well-planned research is required to optimize the commercial-scale production of biofuels from diatoms. The aim of this review is therefore, to demonstrate the economically feasible, hygienically safe cultivation of diatoms on nutrients from wastewater, limitations in using diatoms for biofuel production, and how these limitations can be shorted out for optimum utilization of diatom for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raunak Dhanker
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Fatehpur, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI)Waste Re-processing, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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29
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Igloi GL. Evolutionary Adjustment of tRNA Identity Rules in Bacillariophyta for Recognition by an Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Adds a Facet to the Origin of Diatoms. J Mol Evol 2022; 90:215-226. [PMID: 35325255 PMCID: PMC8975779 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-022-10053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Error-free protein synthesis relies on the precise recognition by the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of their cognate tRNAs in order to attach the corresponding amino acid. A concept of universal tRNA identity elements requires the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases provided by the genome of an organism to match the identity elements found in the cognate tRNAs in an evolution-independent manner. Identity elements tend to cluster in the tRNA anticodon and acceptor stem regions. However, in the arginine system, in addition to the anticodon, the importance of nucleotide A20 in the tRNA D-loop for cognate enzyme recognition has been a sustained feature for arginyl-tRNA synthetase in archaea, bacteria and in the nuclear-encoded cytosolic form in mammals and plants. However, nuclear-encoded mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA synthetase, which can be distinguished from its cytosolic form by the presence or absence of signature motifs, dispenses with the A20 requirement. An examination of several hundred non-metazoan organisms and their corresponding tRNAArg substrates has confirmed this general concept to a large extent and over numerous phyla. However, some Stramenopiles, and in particular, Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) present a notable exception. Unusually for non-fungal organisms, the nuclear genome encodes tRNAArg isoacceptors with C or U at position 20. In this case one of two nuclear-encoded cytosolic arginyl-tRNA synthetases has evolved to become insensitive to the nature of the D-loop identity element. The other, with a binding pocket that is compatible with tRNAArg-A20 recognition, is targeted to organelles that encode solely such tRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor L Igloi
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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30
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Scarsini M, Thiriet-Rupert S, Veidl B, Mondeguer F, Hu H, Marchand J, Schoefs B. The Transition Toward Nitrogen Deprivation in Diatoms Requires Chloroplast Stand-By and Deep Metabolic Reshuffling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:760516. [PMID: 35126407 PMCID: PMC8811913 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.760516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have adapted to face abiotic stresses by accumulating energy storage molecules such as lipids, which are also of interest to industries. Unfortunately, the impairment in cell division during the accumulation of these molecules constitutes a major bottleneck for the development of efficient microalgae-based biotechnology processes. To address the bottleneck, a multidisciplinary approach was used to study the mechanisms involved in the transition from nitrogen repletion to nitrogen starvation conditions in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum that was cultured in a turbidostat. Combining data demonstrate that the different steps of nitrogen deficiency clustered together in a single state in which cells are in equilibrium with their environment. The switch between the nitrogen-replete and the nitrogen-deficient equilibrium is driven by intracellular nitrogen availability. The switch induces a major gene expression change, which is reflected in the reorientation of the carbon metabolism toward an energy storage mode while still operating as a metabolic flywheel. Although the photosynthetic activity is reduced, the chloroplast is kept in a stand-by mode allowing a fast resuming upon nitrogen repletion. Altogether, these results contribute to the understanding of the intricate response of diatoms under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Scarsini
- Metabolism, Bio-Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML—FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Stanislas Thiriet-Rupert
- Metabolism, Bio-Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML—FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
- Institut Pasteur, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Veidl
- Metabolism, Bio-Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML—FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Florence Mondeguer
- Phycotoxins Laboratory, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Nantes, France
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Bio-Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML—FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bio-Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML—FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
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31
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Taparia Y, Dolui AK, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I. Multiplexed Genome Editing via an RNA Polymerase II Promoter-Driven sgRNA Array in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum: Insights Into the Role of StLDP. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:784780. [PMID: 35058949 PMCID: PMC8763850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.784780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing has been demonstrated in the model diatom P. tricornutum, yet the currently available genetic tools do not combine the various advantageous features into a single, easy-to-assemble, modular construct that would allow the multiplexed targeting and creation of marker-free genome-edited lines. In this report, we describe the construction of the first modular two-component transcriptional unit system expressing SpCas9 from a diatom episome, assembled using the Universal Loop plasmid kit for Golden Gate assembly. We compared the editing efficiency of two constructs with orthogonal promoter-terminator combinations targeting the StLDP gene, encoding the major lipid droplet protein of P. tricornutum. Multiplexed targeting of the StLDP gene was confirmed via PCR screening, and lines with homozygous deletions were isolated from primary exconjugants. An editing efficiency ranging from 6.7 to 13.8% was observed in the better performing construct. Selected gene-edited lines displayed growth impairment, altered morphology, and the formation of lipid droplets during nutrient-replete growth. Under nitrogen deprivation, oversized lipid droplets were observed; the recovery of cell proliferation and degradation of lipid droplets were impaired after nitrogen replenishment. The results are consistent with the key role played by StLDP in the regulation of lipid droplet size and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Sede Boqer, Israel
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32
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Marella TK, Bansal H, Bhattacharjya R, Parmar N, Chaurasia A, Watanabe MM, Bhatnagar A, Tiwari A. Deciphering functional biomolecule potential of marine diatoms through complex network approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125927. [PMID: 34543817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine diatoms are unique reservoirs of bioactive compounds having enormous applications in therapeutics. But high-throughput screening methods are needed to elucidate the interaction between numerous biomolecules and their targets, facilitating rapid screening for novel drug molecules. So, in the present study chemical constituents were extracted from five marine diatoms using un-targeted metabolite profiling and in-silico virtual screening bioinformatics was employed to predict their bioactivity and molecular targets. A total of 17 chemical constituents out of 51 showed interactions with 76 protein targets associated with 213 pathways. Ingredient-target-pathway network revealed oleic acid, linoleic acid and cholest-5-en-3-ol as major active constituents. Core subnetwork and protein association network showed involvement of these compounds in key metabolic pathways related to cell signaling, cell growth and metabolism of xenobiotics. Thus, the present study for the first time revealed the main active ingredients and their associated pathways from marine diatoms using complex network approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kiran Marella
- Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center (ABES), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hina Bansal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raya Bhattacharjya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nitesh Parmar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Chaurasia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Makoto M Watanabe
- Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center (ABES), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Hongo Y, Kimura K, Takaki Y, Yoshida Y, Baba S, Kobayashi G, Nagasaki K, Hano T, Tomaru Y. The genome of the diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus carries an ancient integrated fragment of an extant virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22877. [PMID: 34819553 PMCID: PMC8613185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are one of the most prominent oceanic primary producers and are now recognized to be distributed throughout the world. They maintain their population despite predators, infections, and unfavourable environmental conditions. One of the smallest diatoms, Chaetoceros tenuissimus, can coexist with infectious viruses during blooms. To further understand this relationship, we sequenced the C. tenuissimus strain NIES-3715 genome. A gene fragment of a replication-associated gene from the infectious ssDNA virus (designated endogenous virus-like fragment, EVLF) was found to be integrated into each 41 Mb of haploid assembly. In addition, the EVLF was transcriptionally active and conserved in nine other C. tenuissimus strains from different geographical areas, although the primary structures of their proteins varied. The phylogenetic tree further suggested that the EVLF was acquired by the ancestor of C. tenuissimus. Additionally, retrotransposon genes possessing a reverse transcriptase function were more abundant in C. tenuissimus than in Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Moreover, a target site duplication, a hallmark for long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposons, flanked the EVLF. Therefore, the EVLF was likely integrated by a retrotransposon during viral infection. The present study provides further insights into the diatom-virus evolutionary relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hongo
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Kei Kimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takaki
- Super-Cutting-Edge Grand and Advanced Research Program, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Super-Cutting-Edge Grand and Advanced Research Program, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Baba
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Genta Kobayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Keizo Nagasaki
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hano
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan
| | - Yuji Tomaru
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
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Marella TK, Bhattacharjya R, Tiwari A. Impact of organic carbon acquisition on growth and functional biomolecule production in diatoms. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:135. [PMID: 34266439 PMCID: PMC8281487 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic protists which constitute one of the most successful microalgae contributing enormously to global primary productivity and nutrient cycles in marine and freshwater habitats. Though they possess the ability to biosynthesize high value compounds like eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA), fucoxanthin (Fx) and chrysolaminarin (Chrl) the major bottle neck in commercialization is their inability to attain high density growth. However, their unique potential of acquiring diverse carbon sources via varied mechanisms enables them to adapt and grow under phototrophic, mixotrophic as well as heterotrophic modes. Growth on organic carbon substrates promotes higher biomass, lipid, and carbohydrate productivity, which further triggers the yield of various biomolecules. Since, the current mass culture practices primarily employ open pond and tubular photobioreactors for phototrophic growth, they become cost intensive and economically non-viable. Therefore, in this review we attempt to explore and compare the mechanisms involved in organic carbon acquisition in diatoms and its implications on mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth and biomolecule production and validate how these strategies could pave a way for future exploration and establishment of sustainable diatom biorefineries for novel biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kiran Marella
- Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center (ABES), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Raya Bhattacharjya
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Tomaru Y, Yamaguchi H, Miki T. Growth Rate-dependent Cell Death of Diatoms due to Viral Infection and Their Subsequent Coexistence in a Semi-continuous Culture System. Microbes Environ 2021; 36. [PMID: 33390375 PMCID: PMC7966941 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me20116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are a major factor in diatom cell death. However, the effects of viruses on diatom dynamics remain unclear. Based on laboratory studies, it is hypothesized that virus-induced diatom mortality is dependent on the diatom growth rate. The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the diatom growth rate and virus-induced mortality using model systems of the marine planktonic diatom, Chaetoceros tenuissimus and its infectious viruses. We also examined the fate of diatom populations in a semi-continuous dilution culture system, in which host growth rates were controlled at 0.69, 2.08, and 3.47 day–1. Diatom populations gradually decreased following the viral inoculation of each culture system, and virus-induced mortality inversely correlated with the diatom growth rate. Furthermore, the viral burst size was slightly higher in lower growth rate cultures. These results suggested that the host physiological status related to the growth rate affected viral infection and proliferation. Diatom populations were not completely lysed or washed out in any of the dilution systems; they showed steady growth in the presence of infectious viruses. This may be partially explained by defective interference particles from viruses and cell debris. The present results indicate that diatoms in dilution environments maintain their populations, even under viral pressure. Moreover, diatom populations with a low growth rate may partially sustain higher growth populations through nutrient recycling following virus-induced cell death. The results of the present study provide insights into diatom dynamics in natural environments in the presence of infectious viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tomaru
- Hatsukaichi Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Research and Development Agency
| | | | - Takeshi Miki
- Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Ryukoku University
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36
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Fuhrmann-Lieker T, Kubetschek N, Ziebarth J, Klassen R, Seiler W. Is the diatom sex clock a clock? J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210146. [PMID: 34129790 PMCID: PMC8205531 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique life cycle of diatoms with continuous decreasing and restoration of the cell size leads to periodic fluctuations in cell size distribution and has been regarded as a multi-annual clock. To understand the long-term behaviour of a population analytically, generic mathematical models are investigated algebraically and numerically for their capability to describe periodic oscillations. Whereas the generally accepted simple concepts for the proliferation dynamics do not sustain oscillating behaviour owing to broadening of the size distribution, simulations show that a proposed limited lifetime of a newly synthesized cell wall slows down the relaxation towards a time-invariant equilibrium state to the order of a hundred thousand generations. In combination with seasonal perturbation events, the proliferation scheme with limited lifetime is able to explain long-lasting rhythms that are characteristic for diatom population dynamics. The life cycle thus resembles a pendulum clock that has to be wound up from time to time by seasonal perturbations rather than an oscillator represented by a limit cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fuhrmann-Lieker
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Nico Kubetschek
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Jonas Ziebarth
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Roland Klassen
- Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Werner Seiler
- Algorithmic Algebra and Discrete Mathematics, Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
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Avilan L, Lebrun R, Puppo C, Citerne S, Cuiné S, Li‐Beisson Y, Menand B, Field B, Gontero B. ppGpp influences protein protection, growth and photosynthesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1517-1532. [PMID: 33595847 PMCID: PMC8252717 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts retain elements of a bacterial stress response pathway that is mediated by the signalling nucleotides guanosine penta- and tetraphosphate ((p)ppGpp). In the model flowering plant Arabidopsis, ppGpp acts as a potent regulator of plastid gene expression and influences photosynthesis, plant growth and development. However, little is known about ppGpp metabolism or its evolution in other photosynthetic eukaryotes. Here, we studied the function of ppGpp in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum using transgenic lines containing an inducible system for ppGpp accumulation. We used these lines to investigate the effects of ppGpp on growth, photosynthesis, lipid metabolism and protein expression. We demonstrate that ppGpp accumulation reduces photosynthetic capacity and promotes a quiescent-like state with reduced proliferation and ageing. Strikingly, using nontargeted proteomics, we discovered that ppGpp accumulation also leads to the coordinated upregulation of a protein protection response in multiple cellular compartments. Our findings highlight the importance of ppGpp as a fundamental regulator of chloroplast function across different domains of life, and lead to new questions about the molecular mechanisms and roles of (p)ppGpp signalling in photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisana Avilan
- CNRSBIPUMR 7281IMM FR 3479Aix Marseille Univ31 Chemin Joseph AiguierMarseille13009France
- Centre for Enzyme InnovationSchool of Biological SciencesInstitute of Biological and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO1 2DYUK
| | - Regine Lebrun
- Plate‐forme ProtéomiqueMarseille Protéomique (MaP)IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin Joseph AiguierMarseille13009France
| | - Carine Puppo
- CNRSBIPUMR 7281IMM FR 3479Aix Marseille Univ31 Chemin Joseph AiguierMarseille13009France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersailles78000France
| | - Stephane Cuiné
- CEA, CNRS, UMR7265 BIAMCEA CadaracheAix‐Marseille UnivSaint‐Paul‐lez Durance13108France
| | - Yonghua Li‐Beisson
- CEA, CNRS, UMR7265 BIAMCEA CadaracheAix‐Marseille UnivSaint‐Paul‐lez Durance13108France
| | - Benoît Menand
- CEA, CNRS, UMR7265 BIAMAix‐Marseille UnivMarseille13009France
| | - Ben Field
- CEA, CNRS, UMR7265 BIAMAix‐Marseille UnivMarseille13009France
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- CNRSBIPUMR 7281IMM FR 3479Aix Marseille Univ31 Chemin Joseph AiguierMarseille13009France
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38
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Klapper F, Audoor S, Vyverman W, Pohnert G. Pheromone Mediated Sexual Reproduction of Pennate Diatom Cylindrotheca closterium. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:504-512. [PMID: 33914225 PMCID: PMC8217010 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Benthic diatoms dominate primary production in marine subtidal and intertidal environments. Their extraordinary species diversity and ecological success is thought to be linked with their predominantly heterothallic sexual reproduction. Little is known about pheromone involvement during mating of pennate diatoms. Here we describe pheromone guided mating in the coastal raphid diatom Cylindrotheca closterium. We show that the two mating types (mt+ and mt−) have distinct functions. Similar to other benthic diatoms, mt+ cells are searching for the mt− cells to pair. To enhance mating efficiency mt− exudes an attraction pheromone which we proved by establishing a novel capillary assay. Further, two more pheromones produced by mt− promote the sexual events. One arrests the cell cycle progression of mt+ while the other induces gametogenesis of mt+. We suggest that C. closterium shares a functionally similar pheromone system with other pennate diatoms like Seminavis robusta and Pseudostaurosira trainorii which synchronize sexual events and mate attraction. Remarkably, we found no evidence of mt+ producing pheromones, which differentiates C. closterium from other pennates and suggests a less complex pheromone system in C. closterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Klapper
- Bioorganic Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sien Audoor
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, University Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, University Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Bioorganic Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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39
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Zhou L, Wu S, Gu W, Wang L, Wang J, Gao S, Wang G. Photosynthesis acclimation under severely fluctuating light conditions allows faster growth of diatoms compared with dinoflagellates. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:164. [PMID: 33794787 PMCID: PMC8015109 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diatoms contribute 20% of the global primary production and are adaptable in dynamic environments. Diatoms always bloom earlier in the annual phytoplankton succession instead of dinoflagellates. However, how diatoms acclimate to a dynamic environment, especially under changing light conditions, remains unclear. RESULTS We compared the growth and photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions of red tide diatom Skeletonema costatum, red tide dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Karenia mikimotoi, model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Thalassiosira pseudonana and model dinoflagellate Dinophycae Symbiodinium. Diatoms grew faster and maintained a consistently higher level of photosynthesis. Diatoms were sensitive to the specific inhibitor of Proton Gradient Regulation 5 (PGR5) depending photosynthetic electron flow, which is a crucial mechanism to protect their photosynthetic apparatus under fluctuating light. In contrast, the dinoflagellates were not sensitive to this inhibitor. Therefore, we investigate how PGR5 functions under light fluctuations in the model diatom P. tricornutum by knocking down and overexpressing PGR5. Overexpression of PGR5 reduced the photosystem I acceptor side limitation (Y (NA)) and increased growth rate under severely fluctuating light in contrast to the knockdown of PGR5. CONCLUSION Diatoms acclimatize to fluctuating light conditions better than dinoflagellates. PGR5 in diatoms can regulate their photosynthetic electron flow and accelerate their growth under severe light fluctuation, supporting fast biomass accumulation under dynamic environments in pioneer blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Songcui Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenhui Gu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shan Gao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Guangce Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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40
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Bhattacharjya R, Tiwari A, Marella TK, Bansal H, Srivastava S. New paradigm in diatom omics and genetic manipulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124708. [PMID: 33487514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are one of the most heterogeneous eukaryotic plankton known for regulating earth's biogeochemical cycles and maintaining the marine ecosystems ever since the late Eocene epoch. The advent of multidisciplinary omics approach has both epitomized and revolutionized the nature of their chimeric genetic toolkit, ecophysiology, and metabolic adaptability as well as their interaction with other communities. In addition, advanced functional annotation of transcriptomic and proteomic data using cutting edge bioinformatics tools together with high-resolution genome-scale mathematical modeling has effectively proven as the catapult in solving genetic bottlenecks in microbial as well as diatom exploration. In this review, a corroborative summation of the robust work done in manipulating, engineering, and sequencing of the diatom genomes besides underpinning the holistic application of omics in transcription and translation has been discussed in order to shrewd their multifarious novel potential in the field of biotechnology and provide an insight into their dynamic evolutionary relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya Bhattacharjya
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India.
| | - Thomas Kiran Marella
- Algae Biomass Energy System Development Research Center (ABES), Tennodai, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hina Bansal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
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41
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Gao X, Bowler C, Kazamia E. Iron metabolism strategies in diatoms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2165-2180. [PMID: 33693565 PMCID: PMC7966952 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are one of the most successful group of photosynthetic eukaryotes in the contemporary ocean. They are ubiquitously distributed and are the most abundant primary producers in polar waters. Equally remarkable is their ability to tolerate iron deprivation and respond to periodic iron fertilization. Despite their relatively large cell sizes, diatoms tolerate iron limitation and frequently dominate iron-stimulated phytoplankton blooms, both natural and artificial. Here, we review the main iron use strategies of diatoms, including their ability to assimilate and store a range of iron sources, and the adaptations of their photosynthetic machinery and architecture to iron deprivation. Our synthesis relies on published literature and is complemented by a search of 82 diatom transcriptomes, including information collected from seven representatives of the most abundant diatom genera in the world's oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gao
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elena Kazamia
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
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42
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Turnšek J, Brunson JK, Viedma MDPM, Deerinck TJ, Horák A, Oborník M, Bielinski VA, Allen AE. Proximity proteomics in a marine diatom reveals a putative cell surface-to-chloroplast iron trafficking pathway. eLife 2021; 10:e52770. [PMID: 33591270 PMCID: PMC7972479 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a biochemically critical metal cofactor in enzymes involved in photosynthesis, cellular respiration, nitrate assimilation, nitrogen fixation, and reactive oxygen species defense. Marine microeukaryotes have evolved a phytotransferrin-based iron uptake system to cope with iron scarcity, a major factor limiting primary productivity in the global ocean. Diatom phytotransferrin is endocytosed; however, proteins downstream of this environmentally ubiquitous iron receptor are unknown. We applied engineered ascorbate peroxidase APEX2-based subcellular proteomics to catalog proximal proteins of phytotransferrin in the model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Proteins encoded by poorly characterized iron-sensitive genes were identified including three that are expressed from a chromosomal gene cluster. Two of them showed unambiguous colocalization with phytotransferrin adjacent to the chloroplast. Further phylogenetic, domain, and biochemical analyses suggest their involvement in intracellular iron processing. Proximity proteomics holds enormous potential to glean new insights into iron acquisition pathways and beyond in these evolutionarily, ecologically, and biotechnologically important microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Turnšek
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - John K Brunson
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter InstituteLa JollaUnited States
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | | | - Thomas J Deerinck
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Aleš Horák
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of ParasitologyČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of ScienceČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Oborník
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of ParasitologyČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of ScienceČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Vincent A Bielinski
- Synthetic Biology and Bioenergy, J. Craig Venter InstituteLa JollaUnited States
| | - Andrew Ellis Allen
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter InstituteLa JollaUnited States
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Jeong HJ, Kang HC, Lim AS, Jang SH, Lee K, Lee SY, Ok JH, You JH, Kim JH, Lee KH, Park SA, Eom SH, Yoo YD, Kim KY. Feeding diverse prey as an excellent strategy of mixotrophic dinoflagellates for global dominance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/2/eabe4214. [PMID: 33523999 PMCID: PMC7793574 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae fuel food webs and biogeochemical cycles of key elements in the ocean. What determines microalgal dominance in the ocean is a long-standing question. Red tide distribution data (spanning 1990 to 2019) show that mixotrophic dinoflagellates, capable of photosynthesis and predation together, were responsible for ~40% of the species forming red tides globally. Counterintuitively, the species with low or moderate growth rates but diverse prey including diatoms caused red tides globally. The ability of these dinoflagellates to trade off growth for prey diversity is another genetic factor critical to formation of red tides across diverse ocean conditions. This finding has profound implications for explaining the global dominance of particular microalgae, their key eco-evolutionary strategy, and prediction of harmful red tide outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hee Chang Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - An Suk Lim
- Division of Life Science and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Se Hyeon Jang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kitack Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ok
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun You
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Ha Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Ah Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Se Hee Eom
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeong Du Yoo
- Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
| | - Kwang Young Kim
- Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Duarte B, Feijão E, Cruz de Carvalho R, Duarte IA, Silva M, Matos AR, Cabrita MT, Novais SC, Lemos MFL, Marques JC, Caçador I, Reis-Santos P, Fonseca VF. Effects of Propranolol on Growth, Lipids and Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Response of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120478. [PMID: 33353054 PMCID: PMC7766914 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In the past two decades, increasing attention has been directed to investigate the incidence and consequences of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Propranolol is a non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker used in large quantities worldwide to treat cardiovascular conditions. Diatoms (model organism) exposed to this compound showed evident signs of oxidative stress, a significant reduction of the autotrophic O2 production and an increase in the heterotrophic mitochondrial respiration. Additionally, diatoms exposed to propranolol showed a consumption of its storage lipids. In ecological terms this will have cascading impacts in the marine trophic webs, where these organisms are key elements, through a reduction of the water column oxygenation and essential fatty acid availability to the heterotrophic organisms that depend on these primary producers. In ecotoxicological terms, diatoms photochemical and fatty acid traits showed to be potential good biomarkers for toxicity assessment of diatoms exposed to this widespread pharmaceutical compound. Abstract Present demographic trends suggest a rise in the contributions of human pharmaceuticals into coastal ecosystems, underpinning an increasing demand to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects and implications of drug residues in marine risk assessments. Propranolol, a non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker, is used worldwide to treat high blood pressure conditions and other related cardiovascular conditions. Although diatoms lack β-adrenoceptors, this microalgal group presents receptor-like kinases and proteins with a functional analogy to the animal receptors and that can be targeted by propranolol. In the present work, the authors evaluated the effect of this non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker in diatom cells using P. tricornutum as a model organism, to evaluate the potential effect of this compound in cell physiology (growth, lipids and energy metabolism and oxidative stress) and its potential relevance for marine ecosystems. Propranolol exposure leads to a significant reduction in diatom cell growth, more evident in the highest concentrations tested. This is likely due to the observed impairment of the main primary photochemistry processes and the enhancement of the mitochondrial respiratory activity. More specifically, propranolol decreased the energy transduction from photosystem II (PSII) to the electron transport chain, leading to an increase in oxidative stress levels. Cells exposed to propranolol also exhibited high-dissipated energy flux, indicating that this excessive energy is efficiently diverted, to some extent, from the photosystems, acting to prevent irreversible photoinhibition. As energy production is impaired at the PSII donor side, preventing energy production through the electron transport chain, diatoms appear to be consuming storage lipids as an energy backup system, to maintain essential cellular functions. This consumption will be attained by an increase in respiratory activity. Considering the primary oxygen production and consumption pathways, propranolol showed a significant reduction of the autotrophic O2 production and an increase in the heterotrophic mitochondrial respiration. Both mechanisms can have negative effects on marine trophic webs, due to a decrease in the energetic input from marine primary producers and a simultaneous oxygen production decrease for heterotrophic species. In ecotoxicological terms, bio-optical and fatty acid data appear as highly efficient tools for ecotoxicity assessment, with an overall high degree of classification when these traits are used to build a toxicological profile, instead of individually assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Duarte
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eduardo Feijão
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irina A. Duarte
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Marisa Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cabrita
- Centro de Estudos Geográficos (CEG), Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território (IGOT), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Branca Edmée Marques, 1600-276 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Sara C. Novais
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (S.C.N.); (M.F.L.L.)
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (S.C.N.); (M.F.L.L.)
| | - João Carlos Marques
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Patrick Reis-Santos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Aldeide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Vanessa F. Fonseca
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
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Leyland B, Zarka A, Didi-Cohen S, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I. High Resolution Proteome of Lipid Droplets Isolated from the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae) Strain pt4 provides mechanistic insights into complex intracellular coordination during nitrogen deprivation. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:1642-1663. [PMID: 32779202 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are an organelle conserved amongst all eukaryotes, consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a polar lipid monolayer. Many species of microalgae accumulate LDs in response to stress conditions, such as nitrogen starvation. Here, we report the isolation and proteomic profiling of LD proteins from the model oleaginous pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, strain Pt4 (UTEX 646). We also provide a quantitative description of LD morphological ontogeny, and fatty acid content. Novel cell disruption and LD isolation methods, combined with suspension-trapping and nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, yielded an unprecedented number of LD proteins. Predictive annotation of the LD proteome suggests a broad assemblage of proteins with diverse functions, including lipid metabolism and vesicle trafficking, as well as ribosomal and proteasomal machinery. These proteins provide mechanistic insights into LD processes, and evidence for interactions between LDs and other organelles. We identify for the first time several key steps in diatom LD-associated triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Bioinformatic analyses of the LD proteome suggests multiple protein targeting mechanisms, including amphipathic helices, post-translational modifications, and translocation machinery. This work corroborates recent findings from other strains of P. tricornutum, other diatoms, and other eukaryotic organisms, suggesting that the fundamental proteins orchestrating LDs are conserved, and represent an ancient component of the eukaryotic endomembrane system. We postulate a comprehensive model of nitrogen starvation-induced diatom LDs on a molecular scale, and provide a wealth of candidates for metabolic engineering, with the potential to eventually customize LD contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Leyland
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Aliza Zarka
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Shoshana Didi-Cohen
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
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46
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High silicate concentration facilitates fucoxanthin and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production under heterotrophic condition in the marine diatom Nitzschia laevis. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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47
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Protein-driven biomineralization: Comparing silica formation in grass silica cells to other biomineralization processes. J Struct Biol 2020; 213:107665. [PMID: 33227416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization is a common strategy adopted by organisms to support their body structure. Plants practice significant silicon and calcium based biomineralization in which silicon is deposited as silica in cell walls and intracellularly in various cell-types, while calcium is deposited mostly as calcium oxalate in vacuoles of specialized cells. In this review, we compare cellular processes leading to protein-dependent mineralization in plants, diatoms and sponges (phylum Porifera). The mechanisms of biomineralization in these organisms are inherently different. The composite silica structure in diatoms forms inside the cytoplasm in a membrane bound vesicle, which after maturation is exocytosed to the cell surface. In sponges, separate vesicles with the mineral precursor (silicic acid), an inorganic template, and organic molecules, fuse together and are extruded to the extracellular space. In plants, calcium oxalate mineral precipitates in vacuolar crystal chambers containing a protein matrix which is never exocytosed. Silica deposition in grass silica cells takes place outside the cell membrane when the cells secrete the mineralizing protein into the apoplasm rich with silicic acid (the mineral precursor molecules). Our review infers that the organism complexity and precursor reactivity (calcium and oxalate versus silicic acid) are main driving forces for the evolution of varied mineralization mechanisms.
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48
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Kumar S, Rechav K, Kaplan-Ashiri I, Gal A. Imaging and quantifying homeostatic levels of intracellular silicon in diatoms. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/42/eaaz7554. [PMID: 33067244 PMCID: PMC7567585 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are an abundant group of microalgae, known for their ability to form an intricate cell wall made of silica. Silicon levels in seawater are in the micromolar range, making it a challenge for diatoms to supply the rapid intracellular silicification process with the needed flux of soluble silicon. Here, we use three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy and spectroscopy to quantitatively analyze, at submicrometer spatial resolution and sensitivity in the millimolar range, intracellular silicon in diatom cells. Our results show that the internal silicon concentration inside the cell is ~150 mM in average, three orders of magnitude higher than the external environment. The cellular silicon content is not compartmentalized, but rather unevenly distributed throughout the cell. Unexpectedly, under silicon starvation, the internal silicon pool is not depleted, reminiscent of a constitutive metabolite. Our spatially resolved approach to analyze intracellular silicon opens avenues to investigate this homeostatic trait of diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katya Rechav
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Gal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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49
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Feijão E, Cruz de Carvalho R, Duarte IA, Matos AR, Cabrita MT, Novais SC, Lemos MFL, Caçador I, Marques JC, Reis-Santos P, Fonseca VF, Duarte B. Fluoxetine Arrests Growth of the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Altering Energetic and Lipid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1803. [PMID: 32849412 PMCID: PMC7411086 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues impose a new and emerging threat to aquatic environments and its biota. One of the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals is the antidepressant fluoxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor that has been frequently detected, in concentrations up to 40 μg L–1, in aquatic ecosystems. The present study aims to investigate the ecotoxicity of fluoxetine at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 20, 40, and 80 μg L–1) on cell energy and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Exposure to higher concentrations of fluoxetine negatively affected cell density and photosynthesis through a decrease in the active PSII reaction centers. Stress response mechanisms, like β-carotene (β-car) production and antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] up-regulation were triggered, likely as a positive feedback mechanism toward formation of fluoxetine-induced reactive oxygen species. Lipid peroxidation products increased greatly at the highest fluoxetine concentration whereas no variation in the relative amounts of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) was observed. However, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol-characteristic fatty acids such as C16:2 and C16:3 increased, suggesting an interaction between light harvesting pigments, lipid environment, and photosynthesis stabilization. Using a canonical multivariate analysis, it was possible to evaluate the efficiency of the application of bio-optical and biochemical techniques as potential fluoxetine exposure biomarkers in P. tricornutum. An overall classification efficiency to the different levels of fluoxetine exposure of 61.1 and 88.9% were obtained for bio-optical and fatty acids profiles, respectively, with different resolution degrees highlighting these parameters as potential efficient biomarkers. Additionally, the negative impact of this pharmaceutical molecule on the primary productivity is also evident alongside with an increase in respiratory oxygen consumption. From the ecological point of view, reduction in diatom biomass due to continued exposure to fluoxetine may severely impact estuarine and coastal trophic webs, by both a reduction in oxygen primary productivity and reduced availability of key fatty acids to the dependent heterotrophic upper levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Feijão
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irina A Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cabrita
- Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Marques
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrick Reis-Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Vanessa F Fonseca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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50
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Fu W, Chaiboonchoe A, Dohai B, Sultana M, Baffour K, Alzahmi A, Weston J, Al Khairy D, Daakour S, Jaiswal A, Nelson DR, Mystikou A, Brynjolfsson S, Salehi-Ashtiani K. GPCR Genes as Activators of Surface Colonization Pathways in a Model Marine Diatom. iScience 2020; 23:101424. [PMID: 32798972 PMCID: PMC7452957 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface colonization allows diatoms, a dominant group of phytoplankton in oceans, to adapt to harsh marine environments while mediating biofoulings to human-made underwater facilities. The regulatory pathways underlying diatom surface colonization, which involves morphotype switching in some species, remain mostly unknown. Here, we describe the identification of 61 signaling genes, including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and protein kinases, which are differentially regulated during surface colonization in the model diatom species, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We show that the transformation of P. tricornutum with constructs expressing individual GPCR genes induces cells to adopt the surface colonization morphology. P. tricornutum cells transformed to express GPCR1A display 30% more resistance to UV light exposure than their non-biofouling wild-type counterparts, consistent with increased silicification of cell walls associated with the oval biofouling morphotype. Our results provide a mechanistic definition of morphological shifts during surface colonization and identify candidate target proteins for the screening of eco-friendly, anti-biofouling molecules. The model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum shifts morphology to form biofilms G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can modulate diatom surface colonization GPCR1A expression can induce biofouling morphotype and UV resistance Identified genes and pathways can serve as targets for anti-biofouling discoveries
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Fu
- Laboratory of Algal, Systems, and Synthetic Biology (LASSB), Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Center for Systems Biology and Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Amphun Chaiboonchoe
- Laboratory of Algal, Systems, and Synthetic Biology (LASSB), Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Bushra Dohai
- Laboratory of Algal, Systems, and Synthetic Biology (LASSB), Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mehar Sultana
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Kristos Baffour
- Laboratory of Algal, Systems, and Synthetic Biology (LASSB), Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Amnah Alzahmi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE
| | - James Weston
- Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Dina Al Khairy
- Laboratory of Algal, Systems, and Synthetic Biology (LASSB), Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sarah Daakour
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ashish Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Algal, Systems, and Synthetic Biology (LASSB), Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - David R Nelson
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Alexandra Mystikou
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sigurdur Brynjolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology and Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani
- Laboratory of Algal, Systems, and Synthetic Biology (LASSB), Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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