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Camacho-Aguilar E, Yoon ST, Ortiz-Salazar MA, Du S, Guerra MC, Warmflash A. Combinatorial interpretation of BMP and WNT controls the decision between primitive streak and extraembryonic fates. Cell Syst 2024; 15:445-461.e4. [PMID: 38692274 PMCID: PMC11231731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BMP signaling is essential for mammalian gastrulation, as it initiates a cascade of signals that control self-organized patterning. As development is highly dynamic, it is crucial to understand how time-dependent combinatorial signaling affects cellular differentiation. Here, we show that BMP signaling duration is a crucial control parameter that determines cell fates upon the exit from pluripotency through its interplay with the induced secondary signal WNT. BMP signaling directly converts cells from pluripotent to extraembryonic fates while simultaneously upregulating Wnt signaling, which promotes primitive streak and mesodermal specification. Using live-cell imaging of signaling and cell fate reporters together with a simple mathematical model, we show that this circuit produces a temporal morphogen effect where, once BMP signal duration is above a threshold for differentiation, intermediate and long pulses of BMP signaling produce specification of mesoderm and extraembryonic fates, respectively. Our results provide a systems-level picture of how these signaling pathways control the landscape of early human development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumin T Yoon
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | | - Siqi Du
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - M Cecilia Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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2
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MacColl Garfinkel A, Mnatsakanyan N, Patel JH, Wills AE, Shteyman A, Smith PJS, Alavian KN, Jonas EA, Khokha MK. Mitochondrial leak metabolism induces the Spemann-Mangold Organizer via Hif-1α in Xenopus. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2597-2613.e4. [PMID: 37673063 PMCID: PMC10840693 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
An instructive role for metabolism in embryonic patterning is emerging, although a role for mitochondria is poorly defined. We demonstrate that mitochondrial oxidative metabolism establishes the embryonic patterning center, the Spemann-Mangold Organizer, via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α) in Xenopus. Hypoxia or decoupling ATP production from oxygen consumption expands the Organizer by activating Hif-1α. In addition, oxygen consumption is 20% higher in the Organizer than in the ventral mesoderm, indicating an elevation in mitochondrial respiration. To reconcile increased mitochondrial respiration with activation of Hif-1α, we discovered that the "free" c-subunit ring of the F1Fo ATP synthase creates an inner mitochondrial membrane leak, which decouples ATP production from respiration at the Organizer, driving Hif-1α activation there. Overexpression of either the c-subunit or Hif-1α is sufficient to induce Organizer cell fates even when β-catenin is inhibited. We propose that mitochondrial leak metabolism could be a general mechanism for activating Hif-1α and Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra MacColl Garfinkel
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jeet H Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrea E Wills
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amy Shteyman
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Peter J S Smith
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Ann Jonas
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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3
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Seo HS, Yu D, Popov I, Tao J, Angermeier A, Sha B, Axelrod JD, Chang C, Wang J. Prickle and Ror modulate Dishevelled-Vangl interaction to regulate non-canonical Wnt signaling during convergent extension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.29.555374. [PMID: 37693429 PMCID: PMC10491138 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.555374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Convergent extension (CE) is a fundamental morphogenetic process where oriented cell behaviors lead to polarized extension of diverse tissues. In vertebrates, regulation of CE requires both non-canonical Wnt, its co-receptor Ror, and "core members" of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. PCP was originally identified as a mechanism to coordinate the cellular polarity in the plane of static epithelium, where core proteins Frizzled (Fz)/ Dishevelled (Dvl) and Van Gogh-like (Vangl)/ Prickel (Pk) partition to opposing cell cortex. But how core PCP proteins interact with each other to mediate non-canonical Wnt/ Ror signaling during CE is not clear. We found previously that during CE, Vangl cell-autonomously recruits Dvl to the plasma membrane but simultaneously keeps Dvl inactive. In this study, we show that non-canonical Wnt induces Dvl to transition from Vangl to Fz. PK inhibits the transition, and functionally synergize with Vangl to suppress Dvl during CE. Conversely, Ror is required for the transition, and functionally antagonizes Vangl. Biochemically, Vangl interacts directly with both Ror and Dvl. Ror and Dvl do not bind directly, but can be cofractionated with Vangl. We propose that Pk assists Vangl to function as an unconventional adaptor that brings Dvl and Ror into a complex to serves two functions: 1) simultaneously preventing both Dvl and Ror from ectopically activating non-canonical Wnt signaling; and 2) relaying Dvl to Fz for signaling activation upon non-canonical Wnt induced dimerization of Fz and Ror.
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4
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Amel A, Rabeling A, Rossouw S, Goolam M. Wnt and BMP signalling direct anterior-posterior differentiation in aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059981. [PMID: 37622734 PMCID: PMC10508691 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem-cell-based embryo models have allowed greater insight into peri-implantation mammalian developmental events that are otherwise difficult to manipulate due to the inaccessibility of the early embryo. The rapid development of this field has resulted in the precise roles of frequently used supplements such as N2, B27 and Chiron in driving stem cell lineage commitment not being clearly defined. Here, we investigate the effects of these supplements on embryoid bodies to better understand their roles in stem cell differentiation. We show that Wnt signalling has a general posteriorising effect on stem cell aggregates and directs differentiation towards the mesoderm, as confirmed through the upregulation of posterior and mesodermal markers. N2 and B27 can mitigate these effects and upregulate the expression of anterior markers. To control the Wnt gradient and the subsequent anterior versus posterior fate, we make use of a BMP4 signalling centre and show that aggregates in these conditions express cephalic markers. These findings indicate that there is an intricate balance between various culture supplements and their ability to guide differentiation in stem cell embryo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atoosa Amel
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Alexa Rabeling
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Simoné Rossouw
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Mubeen Goolam
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- UCT Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
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5
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Gamit N, Dharmarajan A, Sethi G, Warrier S. Want of Wnt in Parkinson's disease: Could sFRP disrupt interplay between Nurr1 and Wnt signaling? Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115566. [PMID: 37088155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1) is a transcription factor known to regulate the development and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. Reports have confirmed that defect or obliteration of Nurr1 results in neurodegeneration and motor function impairment leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have also indicated that Nurr1 regulates the expression of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and mutations in Nurr1 cause α-SYN overexpression, thereby increasing the risk of PD. Nurr1 is modulated via various pathways including Wnt signaling pathway which is known to play an important role in neurogenesis and deregulation of it contributes to PD pathogenesis. Both Wnt/β-catenin dependent and independent pathways are implicated in the activation of Nurr1 and subsequent downregulation of α-SYN. This review highlights the interaction between Nurr1 and Wnt signaling pathways in mDA neuronal development. We further hypothesize how modulation of Wnt signaling pathway by its antagonist, secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRPs) could be a potential route to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisarg Gamit
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600 116, India; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117 600, Singapore
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India; Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India.
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6
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Sadeghi M, Andani MR, Hajian M, Sanei N, Moradi-Hajidavaloo R, Mahvash N, Jafarpour F, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Developmental competence of IVF and SCNT goat embryos is improved by inhibition of canonical WNT signaling. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281331. [PMID: 37075045 PMCID: PMC10115261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific role of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway during the preimplantation development of goat remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the expression of β-CATENIN, one of the critical components of Wnt signaling pathway, in IVF embryos and compare it with SCNT embryos in goat. In addition, we evaluated the consequence of inhibition of β-catenin using IWR1. Initially, we observed cytoplasmic expression of β-CATENIN in 2 and 8-16 cell stage embryos and membranous expression of β-CATENIN in compact morula and blastocyst stages. Furthermore, while we observed exclusively membranous localization of β-catenin in IVF blastocysts, we observed both membranous and cytoplasmic localization in SCNT blastocysts. We observed that Inhibition of WNT signaling by IWR1 during compact morula to blastocyst transition (from day 4 till day 7 of in vitro culture) increased blastocyst formation rate in both IVF and SCNT embryos. In conclusion, it seems that WNT signaling system has functional role in the preimplantation goat embryos, and inhibition of this pathway during the period of compact morula to blastocyst transition (D4-D7) can improve preimplantation embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Sadeghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan), Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rahimi Andani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Sanei
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Moradi-Hajidavaloo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mahvash
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan), Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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7
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Yao F, Hao J, Wang Z, Chu M, Zhang J, Xi G, Zhang Z, An L, Tian J. WNT Co-Receptor LRP6 Is Critical for Zygotic Genome Activation and Embryonic Developmental Potential by Interacting with Oviductal Paracrine Ligand WNT2. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040891. [PMID: 37107647 PMCID: PMC10138000 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian preimplantation development depends on the interaction between embryonic autocrine and maternal paracrine signaling. Despite the robust independence of preimplantation embryos, oviductal factors are thought to be critical to pregnancy success. However, how oviductal factors regulate embryonic development and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. In the present study, focusing on WNT signaling, which has been reported to be essential for developmental reprogramming after fertilization, we analyzed the receptor-ligand repertoire of preimplantation embryonic WNT signaling, and identified that the WNT co-receptor LRP6 is necessary for early cleavage and has a prolonged effect on preimplantation development. LRP6 inhibition significantly impeded zygotic genome activation and disrupted relevant epigenetic reprogramming. Focusing on the potential oviductal WNT ligands, we found WNT2 as the candidate interacting with embryonic LRP6. More importantly, we found that WNT2 supplementation in culture medium significantly promoted zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and improved blastocyst formation and quality following in vitro fertilization (IVF). In addition, WNT2 supplementation significantly improved implantation rate and pregnancy outcomes following embryo transfer. Collectively, our findings not only provide novel insight into how maternal factors regulate preimplantation development through maternal-embryonic communication, but they also propose a promising strategy for improving current IVF systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiqiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guangyin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei An
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
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8
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Kimura S, Morita T, Hosoba K, Itoh H, Yamamoto T, Miyamoto T. Cholesterol in the ciliary membrane as a therapeutic target against cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1160415. [PMID: 37006607 PMCID: PMC10060879 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1160415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilium is a non-motile, antenna-like structure that develops in the quiescent G0 phase-cell surface. It is composed of an array of axonemal microtubules polymerized from the centrosome/basal body. The plasma membrane surrounding the primary cilium, which is called the ciliary membrane, contains a variety of receptors and ion channels, through which the cell receives extracellular chemical and physical stimuli to initiate signal transduction. In general, primary cilia disappear when cells receive the proliferative signals to re-enter the cell cycle. Primary cilia thus cannot be identified in many malignant and proliferative tumors. In contrast, some cancers, including basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and other malignancies, retain their primary cilia. Importantly, it has been reported that the primary cilia-mediated oncogenic signals of Hedgehog, Wnt, and Aurora kinase A are involved in the tumorigenesis and tumor progression of basal cell carcinoma and some types of medulloblastoma. It has also been demonstrated that cholesterol is significantly more enriched in the ciliary membrane than in the rest of the plasma membrane to ensure Sonic hedgehog signaling. A series of epidemiological studies on statin drugs (cholesterol-lowering medication) demonstrated that they prevent recurrence in a wide range of cancers. Taken together, ciliary cholesterol could be a potential therapeutic target in primary cilia-dependent progressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotai Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Tomoka Morita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hosoba
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Program of Mathematical and Life Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Program of Mathematical and Life Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tatsuo Miyamoto,
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9
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Napolitano T, Silvano S, Ayachi C, Plaisant M, Sousa-Da-Veiga A, Fofo H, Charles B, Collombat P. Wnt Pathway in Pancreatic Development and Pathophysiology. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040565. [PMID: 36831232 PMCID: PMC9954665 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The pancreas is an abdominal gland that serves 2 vital purposes: assist food processing by secreting digestive enzymes and regulate blood glucose levels by releasing endocrine hormones. During embryonic development, this gland originates from epithelial buds located on opposite sites of the foregut endoderm. Pancreatic cell specification and maturation are coordinated by a complex interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic signaling events. In the recent years, the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway has emerged as an important player of pancreas organogenesis, regulating pancreatic epithelium specification, compartmentalization and expansion. Importantly, it has been suggested to regulate proliferation, survival and function of adult pancreatic cells, including insulin-secreting β-cells. This review summarizes recent work on the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in pancreas biology from early development to adulthood, emphasizing on its relevance for the development of new therapies for pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chaïma Ayachi
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06000 Nice, France
| | | | | | - Hugo Fofo
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06000 Nice, France
| | | | - Patrick Collombat
- DiogenX, 180 Avenue du Prado, 13008 Marseille, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06000 Nice, France
- Correspondence:
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10
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Du W, Menjivar RE, Donahue KL, Kadiyala P, Velez-Delgado A, Brown KL, Watkoske HR, He X, Carpenter ES, Angeles CV, Zhang Y, Pasca di Magliano M. WNT signaling in the tumor microenvironment promotes immunosuppression in murine pancreatic cancer. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220503. [PMID: 36239683 PMCID: PMC9577101 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is associated with activation of WNT signaling. Whether this signaling pathway regulates the tumor microenvironment has remained unexplored. Through single-cell RNA sequencing of human pancreatic cancer, we discovered that tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells express TCF7, encoding for the transcription factor TCF1. We conditionally inactivated Tcf7 in CD4 expressing T cells in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer and observed changes in the tumor immune microenvironment, including more CD8+ T cells and fewer regulatory T cells, but also compensatory upregulation of PD-L1. We then used a clinically available inhibitor of Porcupine, a key component of WNT signaling, and observed similar reprogramming of the immune response. WNT signaling inhibition has limited therapeutic window due to toxicity, and PD-L1 blockade has been ineffective in PDA. Here, we show that combination targeting reduces pancreatic cancer growth in an experimental model and might benefit the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rosa E. Menjivar
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Padma Kadiyala
- Immunology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ashley Velez-Delgado
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Xi He
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Eileen S. Carpenter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Christina V. Angeles
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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11
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Alvarez-Rodrigo I, Willnow D, Vincent JP. The logistics of Wnt production and delivery. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:1-60. [PMID: 36967191 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Wnts are secreted proteins that control stem cell maintenance, cell fate decisions, and growth during development and adult homeostasis. Wnts carry a post-translational modification not seen in any other secreted protein: during biosynthesis, they are appended with a palmitoleoyl moiety that is required for signaling but also impairs solubility and hence diffusion in the extracellular space. In some contexts, Wnts act only in a juxtacrine manner but there are also instances of long range action. Several proteins and processes ensure that active Wnts reach the appropriate target cells. Some, like Porcupine, Wntless, and Notum are dedicated to Wnt function; we describe their activities in molecular detail. We also outline how the cell infrastructure (secretory, endocytic, and retromer pathways) contribute to the progression of Wnts from production to delivery. We then address how Wnts spread in the extracellular space and form a signaling gradient despite carrying a hydrophobic moiety. We highlight particularly the role of lipid-binding Wnt interactors and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Finally, we briefly discuss how evolution might have led to the emergence of this unusual signaling pathway.
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12
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Roy A, Patra SK. Lipid Raft Facilitated Receptor Organization and Signaling: A Functional Rheostat in Embryonic Development, Stem Cell Biology and Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2-25. [PMID: 35997871 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular views of plasma membrane organization and dynamics are gradually changing over the past fifty years. Dynamics of plasma membrane instigate several signaling nexuses in eukaryotic cells. The striking feature of plasma membrane dynamics is that, it is internally transfigured into various subdomains of clustered macromolecules. Lipid rafts are nanoscale subdomains, enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids, reside as floating entity mostly on the exoplasmic leaflet of the lipid bilayer. In terms of functionality, lipid rafts are unique among other membrane subdomains. Herein, advances on the roles of lipid rafts in cellular physiology and homeostasis are discussed, precisely, on how rafts dynamically harbor signaling proteins, including GPCRs, catalytic receptors, and ionotropic receptors within it and orchestrate multiple signaling pathways. In the developmental proceedings signaling are designed for patterning of overall organism and they differ from the somatic cell physiology and signaling of fully developed organisms. Some of the developmental signals are characteristic in maintenance of stemness and activated during several types of tumor development and cancer progression. The harmony between extracellular signaling and lineage specific transcriptional programs are extremely important for embryonic development. The roles of plasma membrane lipid rafts mediated signaling in lineage specificity, early embryonic development, stem cell maintenance are emerging. In view of this, we have highlighted and analyzed the roles of lipid rafts in receptor organization, cell signaling, and gene expression during embryonic development; from pre-implantation through the post-implantation phase, in stem cell and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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13
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Schnirman RE, Kuo SJ, Kelly RC, Yamaguchi TP. The role of Wnt signaling in the development of the epiblast and axial progenitors. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:145-180. [PMID: 36967193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the body plan is established during embryogenesis remains a fundamental biological question. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial and highly conserved role in body plan formation, functioning to polarize the primary anterior-posterior (AP) or head-to-tail body axis in most metazoans. In this chapter, we focus on the roles that the mammalian Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays to prepare the pluripotent epiblast for gastrulation, and to elicit the emergence of multipotent axial progenitors from the caudal epiblast. Interactions between Wnt and retinoic acid (RA), another powerful family of developmental signaling molecules, in axial progenitors will also be discussed. Gastrulation movements and somitogenesis result in the anterior displacement of the RA source (the rostral somites and lateral plate mesoderm (LPM)), from the posterior Wnt source (the primitive streak (PS)), leading to the establishment of antiparallel gradients of RA and Wnt that control the self-renewal and successive differentiation of neck, trunk and tail progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel J Kuo
- NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ryan C Kelly
- NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD, United States
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14
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Yadav S, Garrido A, Hernández MC, Oliveros JC, Pérez-García V, Fraga MF, Carrera AC. PI3Kβ-regulated β-catenin mediates EZH2 removal from promoters controlling primed human ESC stemness and primitive streak gene expression. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2239-2255. [PMID: 36179694 PMCID: PMC9561645 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism governing the transition of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward differentiated cells is only partially understood. To explore this transition, the activity and expression of the ubiquitous phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα and PI3Kβ) were modulated in primed hESCs. The study reports a pathway that dismantles the restraint imposed by the EZH2 polycomb repressor on an essential stemness gene, NODAL, and on transcription factors required to trigger primitive streak formation. The primitive streak is the site where gastrulation begins to give rise to the three embryonic cell layers from which all human tissues derive. The pathway involves a PI3Kβ non-catalytic action that controls nuclear/active RAC1 levels, activation of JNK (Jun N-terminal kinase) and nuclear β-catenin accumulation. β-Catenin deposition at promoters triggers release of the EZH2 repressor, permitting stemness maintenance (through control of NODAL) and correct differentiation by allowing primitive streak master gene expression. PI3Kβ epigenetic control of EZH2/β-catenin might be modulated to direct stem cell differentiation. PI3Kβ directs epigenetic control of stemness and primitive streak (PS) essential genes PI3Kβ directs RAC1/JNK/β-catenin activation and induces EZH2 promoter displacement β-Catenin/EZH2 control NODAL, a gene essential for stemness and the master PS genes PI3Kβ/PI3K activities cooperate at stemness; PI3Kβ directs PS gene expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Yadav
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Garrido
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Hernández
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Oliveros
- Department of Systems Biology, Bioinformatics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Pérez-García
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center/CSIC, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Research Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana C Carrera
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Lao A, Chen Y, Sun Y, Wang T, Lin K, Liu J, Wu J. Transcriptomic analysis provides a new insight: Oleuropein reverses high glucose-induced osteogenic inhibition in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via Wnt10b activation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:990507. [PMID: 36091442 PMCID: PMC9459378 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.990507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse events of diabetes mellitus (DM) include bone damages, such as the increased incidence of osteoporosis and bone fractures, which are known as diabetic osteopathy. The pathogenic mechanism of diabetic osteopathy is complex, and hyperglycemia is a vital cause involved in it. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exert a significant effect on bone formation. Therefore, in this paper, transcriptomic changes of BMSCs cultured in high glucose (35 mM) for 30 days are mainly investigated. In addition, 794 up-regulated genes and 1,162 down-regulated genes were identified. Then, biological functions of the differentially expressed genes in the high glucose microenvironment were investigated by two kinds of functional analyses. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was also applied to focus on the significant gene sets and it is found that Wnt10b expression witnessed a remarkable decrease in BMSCs under the high glucose microenvironment. At last, in vitro experiments revealed that oleuropein effectively reversed high glucose-induced osteogenic inhibition via activating Wnt10b in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Lao
- Department of Stomatology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kaili Lin, ; Jiaqiang Liu, ; Jianyong Wu,
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kaili Lin, ; Jiaqiang Liu, ; Jianyong Wu,
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kaili Lin, ; Jiaqiang Liu, ; Jianyong Wu,
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16
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Differences in Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Features between Podocytes and Parietal Epithelial Cells (PECs) Are Observed in Developing, Healthy Postnatal, and Pathologically Changed Human Kidneys. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147501. [PMID: 35886848 PMCID: PMC9322852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During human kidney development, cells of the proximal nephron gradually differentiate into podocytes and parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Podocytes are terminally differentiated cells that play a key role in both normal and pathological kidney function. Therefore, the potential of podocytes to regenerate or be replaced by other cell populations (PECs) is of great interest for the possible treatment of kidney diseases. In the present study, we analyzed the proliferation and differentiation capabilities of podocytes and PECs, changes in the expression pattern of nestin, and several early proteins including WNT4, Notch2, and Snail, as well as Ki-67, in tissues of developing, postnatal, and pathologically changed human kidneys by using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Developing PECs showed a higher proliferation rate than podocytes, whereas nestin expression characterized only podocytes and pathologically changed kidneys. In the developing kidneys, WNT4 and Notch2 expression increased moderately in podocytes and strongly in PECs, whereas Snail increased only in PECs in the later fetal period. During human kidney development, WNT4, Notch2, and Snail are involved in early nephrogenesis control. In kidneys affected by congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), WNT4 decreased in both cell populations, whereas Notch2 decreased in FSGS. In contrast, Snail increased both in CNF and FSGS, whereas Notch2 increased only in CNF. Electron microscopy revealed cytoplasmic processes spanning the urinary space between the podocytes and PECs in developing and healthy postnatal kidneys, whereas the CNF and FSGS kidneys were characterized by numerous cellular bridges containing cells with strong expression of nestin and all analyzed proteins. Our results indicate that the mechanisms of gene control in nephrogenesis are reactivated under pathological conditions. These mechanisms could have a role in restoring glomerular integrity by potentially inducing the regeneration of podocytes from PECs.
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17
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Huang M, Wang X, Banerjee M, Mukherji ST, Kutz LC, Zhao A, Sepanski M, Fan CM, Zhu GZ, Tian J, Wang DZ, Zhu H, Xie ZJ, Pierre SV, Cai L. Regulation of Myogenesis by a Na/K-ATPase α1 Caveolin-Binding Motif. Stem Cells 2022; 40:133-148. [PMID: 35257186 PMCID: PMC8943859 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The N-terminal caveolin-binding motif (CBM) in Na/K-ATPase (NKA) α1 subunit is essential for cell signaling and somitogenesis in animals. To further investigate the molecular mechanism, we have generated CBM mutant human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and examined their ability to differentiate into skeletal muscle (Skm) cells. Compared with the parental wild-type human iPSCs, the CBM mutant cells lost their ability of Skm differentiation, which was evidenced by the absence of spontaneous cell contraction, marker gene expression, and subcellular myofiber banding structures in the final differentiated induced Skm cells. Another NKA functional mutant, A420P, which lacks NKA/Src signaling function, did not produce a similar defect. Indeed, A420P mutant iPSCs retained intact pluripotency and ability of Skm differentiation. Mechanistically, the myogenic transcription factor MYOD was greatly suppressed by the CBM mutation. Overexpression of a mouse Myod cDNA through lentiviral delivery restored the CBM mutant cells' ability to differentiate into Skm. Upstream of MYOD, Wnt signaling was demonstrated from the TOPFlash assay to have a similar inhibition. This effect on Wnt activity was further confirmed functionally by defective induction of the presomitic mesoderm marker genes BRACHYURY (T) and MESOGENIN1 (MSGN1) by Wnt3a ligand or the GSK3 inhibitor/Wnt pathway activator CHIR. Further investigation through immunofluorescence imaging and cell fractionation revealed a shifted membrane localization of β-catenin in CBM mutant iPSCs, revealing a novel molecular component of NKA-Wnt regulation. This study sheds light on a genetic regulation of myogenesis through the CBM of NKA and control of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Huang
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Moumita Banerjee
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Shreya T Mukherji
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Laura C Kutz
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Aijie Zhao
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Michael Sepanski
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Guo-Zhang Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Jiang Tian
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- University of South Florida Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Drive, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 396 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zi-Jian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Sandrine V Pierre
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Liquan Cai
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
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18
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Stoner ZA, Ketchum EM, Sheltz-Kempf S, Blinkiewicz PV, Elliott KL, Duncan JS. Fzd3 Expression Within Inner Ear Afferent Neurons Is Necessary for Central Pathfinding. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:779871. [PMID: 35153658 PMCID: PMC8828977 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.779871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During development the afferent neurons of the inner ear make precise wiring decisions in the hindbrain reflective of their topographic distribution in the periphery. This is critical for the formation of sensory maps capable of faithfully processing both auditory and vestibular input. Disorganized central projections of inner ear afferents in Fzd3 null mice indicate Wnt/PCP signaling is involved in this process and ear transplantation in Xenopus indicates that Fzd3 is necessary in the ear but not the hindbrain for proper afferent navigation. However, it remains unclear in which cell type of the inner ear Fzd3 expression is influencing the guidance of inner ear afferents to their proper synaptic targets in the hindbrain. We utilized Atoh1-cre and Neurod1-cre mouse lines to conditionally knockout Fzd3 within the mechanosensory hair cells of the organ of Corti and within the inner ear afferents, respectively. Following conditional deletion of Fzd3 within the hair cells, the central topographic distribution of inner ear afferents was maintained with no gross morphological defects. In contrast, conditional deletion of Fzd3 within inner ear afferents leads to central pathfinding defects of both cochlear and vestibular afferents. Here, we show that Fzd3 is acting in a cell autonomous manner within inner ear afferents to regulate central pathfinding within the hindbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Stoner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Ketchum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Sydney Sheltz-Kempf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Paige V. Blinkiewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Karen L. Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Karen L. Elliott,
| | - Jeremy S. Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
- Jeremy S. Duncan,
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19
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He QL, Yuan P, Yang L, Yan ZQ, Chen W, Chen YD, Kong SM, Tang FC, Qiao J, Yan LY. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals abnormal fluctuations in human eight-cell embryos associated with blastocyst formation failure. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 28:6460826. [PMID: 34904654 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility has become a global health issue, with the number of people suffering from the disease increasing year by year, and ART offering great promise for infertility treatment. However, the regulation of early embryonic development is complicated and a series of processes takes place, including the maternal-to-zygotic transition. In addition, developmental arrest is frequently observed during human early embryonic development. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on a biopsied blastomere from human eight-cell embryos and tracked the developmental potential of the remaining cells. To compare the sequencing results between different eight-cell embryos, we have combined the research data of this project with the data previously shared in the database and found that cells from the same embryo showed a higher correlation. Additionally, the transcriptome of embryos with blastocyst formation failure was significantly different from developed embryos, and the gene expression as well as cell signaling pathways related to embryonic development were also altered. In particular, the expression of some maternal and zygotic genes in the failed blastocyst formation group was significantly altered: the overall expression level of maternal genes was significantly higher in the failed blastocyst than the developed blastocyst group. In general, these findings provide clues for the causes of human embryonic arrest after the eight-cell stage, and they also provide new ideas for improving the success rate of ART in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Long He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Dong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Ming Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Chou Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ying Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
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20
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Tian L, Wang Y, Jang YY. Wnt signaling in biliary development, proliferation, and fibrosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:360-367. [PMID: 34861115 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211061376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary fibrosis is an important pathological indicator of hepatobiliary damage. Cholangiocyte is the key cell type involved in this process. To reveal the pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis, it is essential to understand the normal development as well as the aberrant generation and proliferation of cholangiocytes. Numerous reports suggest that the Wnt signaling pathway is implicated in the physiological and pathological processes of cholangiocyte development and ductular reaction. In this review, we summarize the effects of Wnt pathway in cholangiocyte development from embryonic stem cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms of cholangiocyte responses to adult ductal damage. Wnt signaling pathway is regulated in a step-wise manner during each of the liver differentiation stages from embryonic stem cells to functional mature cholangiocytes. With the modulation of Wnt pathway, cholangiocytes can also be generated from adult liver progenitor cells and mature hepatocytes to repair liver damage. Non-canonical Wnt signaling is triggered in the active ductal cells during biliary fibrosis. Targeted control of the Wnt signaling may hold the great potential to reduce and/or reverse the biliary fibrogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yoon Young Jang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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21
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Dinh TTH, Iseki H, Mizuno S, Iijima-Mizuno S, Tanimoto Y, Daitoku Y, Kato K, Hamada Y, Hasan ASH, Suzuki H, Murata K, Muratani M, Ema M, Kim JD, Ishida J, Fukamizu A, Kato M, Takahashi S, Yagami KI, Wilson V, Arkell RM, Sugiyama F. Disruption of entire Cables2 locus leads to embryonic lethality by diminished Rps21 gene expression and enhanced p53 pathway. eLife 2021; 10:50346. [PMID: 33949947 PMCID: PMC8099427 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo function of CDK5 and Abl enzyme substrate 2 (Cables2), belonging to the Cables protein family, is unknown. Here, we found that targeted disruption of the entire Cables2 locus (Cables2d) caused growth retardation and enhanced apoptosis at the gastrulation stage and then induced embryonic lethality in mice. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed disruption of Cables2, 50% down-regulation of Rps21 abutting on the Cables2 locus, and up-regulation of p53-target genes in Cables2d gastrulas. We further revealed the lethality phenotype in Rps21-deleted mice and unexpectedly, the exon 1-deleted Cables2 mice survived. Interestingly, chimeric mice derived from Cables2d ESCs carrying exogenous Cables2 and tetraploid wild-type embryo overcame gastrulation. These results suggest that the diminished expression of Rps21 and the completed lack of Cables2 expression are intricately involved in the embryonic lethality via the p53 pathway. This study sheds light on the importance of Cables2 locus in mouse embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra Thi Huong Dinh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iseki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Saori Iijima-Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanimoto
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoko Daitoku
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kanako Kato
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuko Hamada
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ammar Shaker Hamed Hasan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Doctor's Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hayate Suzuki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Doctor's Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuya Murata
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun-Dal Kim
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Division of Complex Bioscience Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of National Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Junji Ishida
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of. Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yagami
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Valerie Wilson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth M Arkell
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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22
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Geng F, Ma J, Li X, Hu Z, Zhang R. Hemodynamic Forces Regulate Cardiac Regeneration-Responsive Enhancer Activity during Ventricle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083945. [PMID: 33920448 PMCID: PMC8070559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regenerative capacity varies widely among vertebrates. Zebrafish can robustly regenerate injured hearts and are excellent models to study the mechanisms of heart regeneration. Recent studies have shown that enhancers are able to respond to injury and regulate the regeneration process. However, the mechanisms to activate these regeneration-responsive enhancers (RREs) remain poorly understood. Here, we utilized transient and transgenic analysis combined with a larval zebrafish ventricle ablation model to explore the activation and regulation of a representative RRE. lepb-linked enhancer sequence (LEN) directed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in response to larval ventricle regeneration and such activation was attenuated by hemodynamic force alteration and mechanosensation pathway modulation. Further analysis revealed that Notch signaling influenced the endocardial LEN activity as well as endogenous lepb expression. Altogether, our work has established zebrafish models for rapid characterization of cardiac RREs in vivo and provides novel insights on the regulation of LEN by hemodynamic forces and other signaling pathways during heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.G.); (J.M.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jinmin Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.G.); (J.M.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xueyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.G.); (J.M.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhengyue Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.G.); (J.M.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence:
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23
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Suzuki A, Ogata K, Iwata J. Cell signaling regulation in salivary gland development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3299-3315. [PMID: 33449148 PMCID: PMC11071883 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian salivary gland develops as a highly branched structure designed to produce and secrete saliva. This review focuses on research conducted on mammalian salivary gland development, particularly on the differentiation of acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial cells. We discuss recent studies that provide conceptual advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of salivary gland development. In addition, we describe the organogenesis of submandibular glands (SMGs), model systems used for the study of SMG development, and the key signaling pathways as well as cellular processes involved in salivary gland development. The findings from the recent studies elucidating the identity of stem/progenitor cells in the SMGs, and the process by which they are directed along a series of cell fate decisions to form functional glands, are also discussed. Advances in genetic tools and tissue engineering strategies will significantly increase our knowledge about the mechanisms by which signaling pathways and cells establish tissue architecture and function during salivary gland development, which may also be conserved in the growth and development of other organ systems. An increased knowledge of organ development mechanisms will have profound implications in the design of therapies for the regrowth or repair of injured tissues. In addition, understanding how the processes of cell survival, expansion, specification, movement, and communication with neighboring cells are regulated under physiological and pathological conditions is critical to the development of future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Kenichi Ogata
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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24
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Expression Pattern of α-Tubulin, Inversin and Its Target Dishevelled-1 and Morphology of Primary Cilia in Normal Human Kidney Development and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073500. [PMID: 33800671 PMCID: PMC8037028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal expression of α-tubulin, inversin and dishevelled-1 (DVL-1) proteins associated with the Wnt-signaling pathway, and primary cilia morphology were analyzed in developing kidneys (14th–38th developmental weeks), healthy postnatal (1.5- and 7-years old) and pathologically changed human kidneys, including multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF). The analysis was performed by double immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, semiquantitative and statistical methods. Cytoplasmic co-expression of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 was observed in the proximal convoluted tubules (pct), distal convoluted tubules (dct) and glomeruli (g) of analyzed tissues. During kidney development, the overall expression of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 decreased, while in the postnatal period slightly increased. The highest expressions of α-tubulin and inversin characterized dct and g, while high DVL-1 characterized pct. α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 expression pattern in MCDK, FSGS and CNF kidneys significantly differed from the healthy control. Compared to healthy kidneys, pathologically changed kidneys had dysmorphic primary cilia. Different expression dynamics of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 during kidney development could indicate that switch between the canonical and noncanonical Wnt-signaling is essential for normal kidney morphogenesis. In contrast, their disturbed expression in pathological kidneys might be associated with abnormal primary cilia, leading to chronic kidney diseases.
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25
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Patni AP, Harishankar MK, Joseph JP, Sreeshma B, Jayaraj R, Devi A. Comprehending the crosstalk between Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways in oral squamous cell carcinoma - clinical implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:473-494. [PMID: 33704672 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant oral cavity neoplasm that affects many people, especially in developing countries. Despite several advances that have been made in diagnosis and treatment, the morbidity and mortality rates due to OSCC remain high. Accumulating evidence indicates that aberrant activation of cellular signaling pathways, such as the Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog pathways, occurs during the development and metastasis of OSCC. In this review, we have articulated the roles of the Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways in OSCC and their crosstalk during tumor development and progression. We have also examined possible interactions and associations between these pathways and treatment regimens that could be employed to effectively tackle OSCC and/or prevent its recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the Notch signaling pathway upregulates the expression of several genes, including c-Myc, β-catenin, NF-κB and Shh. Associations between the Notch signaling pathway and other pathways have been shown to enhance OSCC tumor aggressiveness. Crosstalk between these pathways supports the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and regulates OSCC cell motility. Thus, application of compounds that block these pathways may be a valid strategy to treat OSCC. Such compounds have already been employed in other types of cancer and could be repurposed for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali P Patni
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - M K Harishankar
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Joel P Joseph
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Bhuvanadas Sreeshma
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Rama Jayaraj
- College of Human and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellangowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0909, Australia
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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26
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Shan NL, Shin Y, Yang G, Furmanski P, Suh N. Breast cancer stem cells: A review of their characteristics and the agents that affect them. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:73-100. [PMID: 33428807 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The evolving concept that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the driving element in cancer development, evolution and heterogeneity, has overridden the previous model of a tumor consisting of cells all with similar sequentially acquired mutations and a similar potential for renewal, invasion and metastasis. This paradigm shift has focused attention on therapeutically targeting CSCs directly as a means of eradicating the disease. In breast cancers, CSCs can be identified by cell surface markers and are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate, resist chemotherapy and radiation, and initiate new tumors upon serial transplantation in xenografted mice. These functional properties of CSCs are regulated by both intracellular and extracellular factors including pluripotency-related transcription factors, intracellular signaling pathways and external stimuli. Several classes of natural products and synthesized compounds have been studied to target these regulatory elements and force CSCs to lose stemness and/or terminally differentiate and thereby achieve a therapeutic effect. However, realization of an effective treatment for breast cancers, focused on the biological effects of these agents on breast CSCs, their functions and signaling, has not yet been achieved. In this review, we delineate the intrinsic and extrinsic factors identified to date that control or promote stemness in breast CSCs and provide a comprehensive compilation of potential agents that have been studied to target breast CSCs, transcription factors and stemness-related signaling. Our aim is to stimulate further study of these agents that could become the basis for their use as stand-alone treatments or components of combination therapies effective against breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naing L Shan
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yoosub Shin
- Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Philip Furmanski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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27
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Farrera-Hernández A, Marín-Llera JC, Chimal-Monroy J. WNT5A-Ca 2+-CaN-NFAT signalling plays a permissive role during cartilage differentiation in embryonic chick digit development. Dev Biol 2021; 469:86-95. [PMID: 33058830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During digit development, the correct balance of chondrogenic signals ensures the recruitment of undifferentiated cells into the cartilage lineage or the maintenance of cells at the undifferentiated stage. WNT/β catenin maintains the pool of progenitor cells, whereas TGFβ signalling promotes cartilage differentiation by inducing Sox9 expression. Moreover, WNT5A promotes the degradation of β catenin during mouse limb development. Although these mechanisms are well established, it is still unknown whether the signalling pathway downstream WNT5A is also involved in early chondrogenesis during digit formation. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the role of WNT5A during the recruitment of progenitor cells during digit development. Our results showed that WNT5A activated calcium (Ca2+) release in the undifferentiated region during digit development. Further, the blockade of Ca2+ release or calcineurin (CaN) or nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) functions resulted in an inhibition of cartilage differentiation. Together, our results demonstrate that non canonical WNT5A-Ca2+-CaN-NFAT signalling plays a key role during embryonic digit development in vivo promoting the competence for chondrogenic signals and also acts as a permissive factor for chondrogenesis independently of cell death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Farrera-Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70228, Mexico
| | - Jessica Cristina Marín-Llera
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70228, Mexico
| | - Jesús Chimal-Monroy
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70228, Mexico.
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28
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Chen Y, Chen L, Huang R, Yang W, Chen S, Lin K, Liu J. Investigation for GSK3β expression in diabetic osteoporosis and negative osteogenic effects of GSK3β on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under a high glucose microenvironment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 534:727-733. [PMID: 33190828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of diabetic osteoporosis are complex. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a widely expressed serine/threonine kinase and associated with both DM and bone metabolism, which arouse our concern. In this study, we established the diabetic mouse model by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injection. Decreased bone mass and reduced osteogenesis were observed in femurs of the mice. Besides, we identified that there is an activated expression of GSK3β in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of diabetic mice. To explore the link between GSK3β and diabetic osteoporosis, we exposed BMSCs to a high glucose microenvironment in vitro and discovered that the glucose-induced GSK3β activation has negative osteogenic effects on BMSCs by suppressing β-catenin/Tcf7/Ccn4 signaling axis. Inhibition of GSK3β by specific concentrations of LiCl could reverse the impaired osteogenesis of BMSCs and increase expression of β-catenin, Tcf7 and Ccn4. Our research indicated that abnormal activation of GSK3β plays a role in diabetic osteoporosis and might be a potential target to treat diabetic osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Runyu Huang
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wenyue Yang
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Siyue Chen
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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29
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El Joumaa MM, Taleb RI, Rizk S, Borjac JM. Protective effect of Matricaria chamomilla extract against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer in mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:jcim-2019-0143. [PMID: 32229665 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem, with almost 1.8 million newly diagnosed cases and about 881,000 deaths annually. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is a well-documented medicinal herb that possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. This study aimed to unravel the effect of aqueous chamomile extract against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(DMH)-induced CRC in mice. Methods Male Balb/c mice received a weekly intraperitoneal injection of DMH (20 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. Chamomile extract (150 mg/kg body weight/5 days/week p.o.) was administered at the initiation and post-initiation stages of carcinogenesis. Polyps count, histopathological analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of Wnt signaling genes, ELISA of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and enzyme assay for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were performed. Results Chamomile extract modulated the Wnt pathway in colonic tissues, where it significantly downregulated Wnt5a, β-catenin, T cell factor (Tcf4), lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (Lef1), c-Myc and Cyclin D1 expression levels, while it upregulated adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3β) expression levels. This extract significantly reduced COX-2 levels and iNOS activities. Polyps count and histopathological analysis provided supportive evidence for the biochemical and molecular analyses. Conclusions Chamomile can act as a potent dietary chemopreventive agent against DMH-induced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M El Joumaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Robin I Taleb
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sandra Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jamilah M Borjac
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
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30
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Ngo J, Hashimoto M, Hamada H, Wynshaw-Boris A. Deletion of the Dishevelled family of genes disrupts anterior-posterior axis specification and selectively prevents mesoderm differentiation. Dev Biol 2020; 464:161-175. [PMID: 32579954 PMCID: PMC8301231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Dishevelled proteins transduce both canonical Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathways to regulate many key developmental processes during embryogenesis. Here, we disrupt both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways by targeting the entire Dishevelled family of genes (Dvl1, Dvl2, and Dvl3) to investigate their functional roles in the early embryo. We identified several defects in anterior-posterior axis specification and mesoderm patterning in Dvl1+/-; Dvl2-/-; Dvl3-/- embryos. Homozygous deletions in all three Dvl genes (Dvl TKO) resulted in defects in distal visceral endoderm migration and a complete failure to induce mesoderm formation. To identify potential mechanisms that lead to the defects in the developmental processes preceding gastrulation, we generated Dvl TKO mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and compared the transcriptional profile of these cells with wild-type (WT) mESCs during germ lineage differentiation into 3D embryoid bodies (EBs). While the Dvl TKO mESCs displayed similar morphology, self-renewal properties, and minor transcriptional variation from WT mESCs, we identified major transcriptional dysregulation in the Dvl TKO EBs during differentiation in a number of genes involved in anterior-posterior pattern specification, gastrulation induction, mesenchyme morphogenesis, and mesoderm-derived tissue development. The absence of the Dvls leads to specific down-regulation of BMP signaling genes. Furthermore, exogenous activation of canonical Wnt, BMP, and Nodal signaling all fail to rescue the mesodermal defects in the Dvl TKO EBs. Moreover, endoderm differentiation was promoted in the absence of mesoderm in the Dvl TKO EBs, while the suppression of ectoderm differentiation was delayed. Overall, we demonstrate that the Dvls are dispensable for maintaining self-renewal in mESCs but are critical during differentiation to regulate key developmental signaling pathways to promote proper axis specification and mesoderm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Ngo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Masakazu Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Embryogenesis, Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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31
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Oichi T, Otsuru S, Usami Y, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Iwamoto M. Wnt signaling in chondroprogenitors during long bone development and growth. Bone 2020; 137:115368. [PMID: 32380258 PMCID: PMC7354209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling together with other signaling pathways governs cartilage development and the growth plate function during long bone formation and growth. β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling is a specific lineage determinant of skeletal mesenchymal cells toward chondrogenic or osteogenic direction. Once cartilage forms and the growth plate organize, Wnt signaling continues to regulate proliferation and differentiation of the growth plate chondrocytes. Although chondrocytes in the growth plate have a high capacity to proliferate, new cells must be supplied to the growth plate from chondroprogenitor population. Advances in in vivo cell tracking techniques have demonstrated the importance of Wnt signaling in driving tissue renewal. The Wnt-responsive cells, genetically marked by the Wnt-reporter system, are found as stem cells in various tissues. Similarly, Wnt-responsive cells are found in the periphery of the growth plate and expanded to constitute entire column structure, indicating that Wnt signaling participates in the regulation of chondroprogenitors in the growth plate. This review will discuss advancements in research of progenitors in the growth plate, specifically focusing on Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Oichi
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Satoru Otsuru
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Shebbo S, El Joumaa M, Kawach R, Borjac J. Hepatoprotective effect of Matricaria chamomilla aqueous extract against 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenic hepatic damage in mice. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04082. [PMID: 32509999 PMCID: PMC7265058 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is a potent colonic and hepatic carcinogen that is metabolized into oxyradicals causing liver injury and DNA mutations. Matricaria chamomilla is a well-documented medicinal herb that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities and is commonly used to treat diverse ailments. The present study aimed to reveal the hepatoprotective effects of Matricaria chamomilla aqueous extract during an intermediate stage of colorectal cancer (CRC) in mice. Male Balb/c mice were divided into six groups: group A served as control, group B received chamomile extract (150 mg/Kg b.w.) orally for 12 weeks, and groups C-F received weekly intraperitoneal injections of DMH (20 mg/Kg b.w.) once a week for 12 weeks. In addition to DMH, groups D and F received chamomile during the initiation and post-initiation stages, respectively. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical and molecular analyses. The results showed that DMH induced hepatic injury in mice as shown by significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. The changes in biochemical parameters were accompanied by activation of the Wnt signaling pathway leading to increased hepatocytes proliferation as well as inflammation evidenced by high levels of pro-inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The results also showed potential hepatoprotective effects of chamomile extract against DMH-induced liver injury, proliferation and inflammation. Chamomile restored the biochemical and molecular parameters and this improvement was more pronounced in mice pretreated with the extract. In conclusion, chamomile extract may exert its hepatoprotective activities against DMH probably due to the antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties of its flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Shebbo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Manal El Joumaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Kawach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Jamilah Borjac
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
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Li X, Ortiz MA, Kotula L. The physiological role of Wnt pathway in normal development and cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:411-426. [PMID: 31996036 PMCID: PMC7082880 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220901683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, many studies have illustrated the critical roles of Wnt signaling pathways in both developmental processes as well as tumorigenesis. Due to the complexity of Wnt signaling regulation, there are still questions to be addressed about ways cells are able to manipulate different types of Wnt pathways in order to fulfill the requirements for normal or cancer development. In this review, we will describe different types of Wnt signaling pathways and their roles in both normal developmental processes and their role in cancer development and progression. Additionally, we will briefly introduce new strategies currently in clinical trials targeting Wnt signaling pathway components for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Maria A Ortiz
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Leszek Kotula
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Sweeney K, Cameron ER, Blyth K. Complex Interplay between the RUNX Transcription Factors and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Cancer: A Tango in the Night. Mol Cells 2020; 43:188-197. [PMID: 32041394 PMCID: PMC7057843 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are designed to be sensitive to a myriad of external cues so they can fulfil their individual destiny as part of the greater whole. A number of well-characterised signalling pathways dictate the cell's response to the external environment and incoming messages. In healthy, well-ordered homeostatic systems these signals are tightly controlled and kept in balance. However, given their powerful control over cell fate, these pathways, and the transcriptional machinery they orchestrate, are frequently hijacked during the development of neoplastic disease. A prime example is the Wnt signalling pathway that can be modulated by a variety of ligands and inhibitors, ultimately exerting its effects through the β-catenin transcription factor and its downstream target genes. Here we focus on the interplay between the three-member family of RUNX transcription factors with the Wnt pathway and how together they can influence cell behaviour and contribute to cancer development. In a recurring theme with other signalling systems, the RUNX genes and the Wnt pathway appear to operate within a series of feedback loops. RUNX genes are capable of directly and indirectly regulating different elements of the Wnt pathway to either strengthen or inhibit the signal. Equally, β-catenin and its transcriptional co-factors can control RUNX gene expression and together they can collaborate to regulate a large number of third party co-target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Sweeney
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G6 BD, UK
| | - Ewan R. Cameron
- Glasgow Veterinary School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G6 BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Zhong Z, Virshup DM. Wnt Signaling and Drug Resistance in Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:72-89. [PMID: 31787618 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted proteins that bind to cell surface receptors to activate downstream signaling cascades. Normal Wnt signaling plays key roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. The secretion of Wnt ligands, the turnover of Wnt receptors, and the signaling transduction are tightly regulated and fine-tuned to keep the signaling output "just right." Hyperactivated Wnt signaling due to recurrent genetic alterations drives several human cancers. Elevated Wnt signaling also confers resistance to multiple conventional and targeted cancer therapies through diverse mechanisms including maintaining the cancer stem cell population, enhancing DNA damage repair, facilitating transcriptional plasticity, and promoting immune evasion. Different classes of Wnt signaling inhibitors targeting key nodes of the pathway have been developed and show efficacy in treating Wnt-driven cancers and subverting Wnt-mediated therapy resistance in preclinical studies. Several of these inhibitors have advanced to clinical trials, both singly and in combination with other existing US Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-cancer modalities. In the near future, pharmacological inhibition of Wnt signaling may be a real choice for patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The latest insights in Wnt signaling, ranging from basic biology to therapeutic implications in cancer, are reviewed. Recent studies extend understanding of this ancient signaling pathway and describe the development and improvement of anti-Wnt therapeutic modalities for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z.); Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z., D.M.V.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.V.)
| | - David M Virshup
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z.); Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z., D.M.V.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.V.)
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Chhabra S, Liu L, Goh R, Kong X, Warmflash A. Dissecting the dynamics of signaling events in the BMP, WNT, and NODAL cascade during self-organized fate patterning in human gastruloids. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000498. [PMID: 31613879 PMCID: PMC6814242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During gastrulation, the pluripotent epiblast self-organizes into the 3 germ layers-endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm, which eventually form the entire embryo. Decades of research in the mouse embryo have revealed that a signaling cascade involving the Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP), WNT, and NODAL pathways is necessary for gastrulation. In vivo, WNT and NODAL ligands are expressed near the site of gastrulation in the posterior of the embryo, and knockout of these ligands leads to a failure to gastrulate. These data have led to the prevailing view that a signaling gradient in WNT and NODAL underlies patterning during gastrulation; however, the activities of these pathways in space and time have never been directly observed. In this study, we quantify BMP, WNT, and NODAL signaling dynamics in an in vitro model of human gastrulation. Our data suggest that BMP signaling initiates waves of WNT and NODAL signaling activity that move toward the colony center at a constant rate. Using a simple mathematical model, we show that this wave-like behavior is inconsistent with a reaction-diffusion-based Turing system, indicating that there is no stable signaling gradient of WNT/NODAL. Instead, the final signaling state is homogeneous, and spatial differences arise only from boundary effects. We further show that the durations of WNT and NODAL signaling control mesoderm differentiation, while the duration of BMP signaling controls differentiation of CDX2-positive extra-embryonic cells. The identity of these extra-embryonic cells has been controversial, and we use RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to obtain their transcriptomes and show that they closely resemble human trophoblast cells in vivo. The domain of BMP signaling is identical to the domain of differentiation of these trophoblast-like cells; however, neither WNT nor NODAL forms a spatial pattern that maps directly to the mesodermal region, suggesting that mesoderm differentiation is controlled dynamically by the combinatorial effect of multiple signals. We synthesize our data into a mathematical model that accurately recapitulates signaling dynamics and predicts cell fate patterning upon chemical and physical perturbations. Taken together, our study shows that the dynamics of signaling events in the BMP, WNT, and NODAL cascade in the absence of a stable signaling gradient control fate patterning of human gastruloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Chhabra
- Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lizhong Liu
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ryan Goh
- Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Scheibner K, Bakhti M, Bastidas-Ponce A, Lickert H. Wnt signaling: implications in endoderm development and pancreas organogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 61:48-55. [PMID: 31377680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is derived from the foregut endoderm during embryonic development. After gastrulation and endoderm germ layer formation complex morphogenetic events coupled with cell differentiation programs pattern the gut tube and induce pancreas organogenesis. This results in formation of exocrine, ductal and hormone-producing endocrine cells. Among these, endocrine cells are responsible for blood glucose homeostasis and their malfunction leads to diabetes mellitus, which cannot be stopped or reversed by the current standard treatments. Thus, intense efforts to regenerate or replace the lost or dysfunctional insulin-producing β-cells are on the way. This depends on identifying the factors that coordinate pancreas organogenesis. Here, we highlight the contribution of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling branches in orchestrating endoderm formation, pancreatic morphogenesis as well as endocrine cell formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.
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38
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Lu X, Rudemiller NP, Ren J, Wen Y, Yang B, Griffiths R, Privratsky JR, Madan B, Virshup DM, Crowley SD. Opposing actions of renal tubular- and myeloid-derived porcupine in obstruction-induced kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int 2019; 96:1308-1319. [PMID: 31585741 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is essential in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. We previously reported inhibition of the Wnt O-acyl transferase porcupine, required for Wnt secretion, dramatically attenuates kidney fibrosis in the murine unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Here, we investigated the tissue-specific contributions of porcupine to renal fibrosis and inflammation in ureteral obstruction using mice with porcupine deletion restricted to the kidney tubular epithelium or infiltrating myeloid cells. Obstruction of the ureter induced the renal mRNA expression of porcupine and downstream targets, β-catenin, T-cell factor, and lymphoid enhancer factor in wild type mice. Renal tubular specific deficiency of porcupine reduced the expression of collagen I and other fibrosis markers in the obstructed kidney. Moreover, kidneys from obstructed mice with tubule-specific porcupine deficiency had reduced macrophage accumulation with attenuated expression of myeloid cytokine and chemokine mRNA. In co-culture with activated macrophages, renal tubular cells from tubular-specific porcupine knockout mice had blunted induction of fibrosis mediators compared with wild type renal tubular cells. In contrast, macrophages from macrophage-specific porcupine deficient mice in co-culture with wild type renal tubular cells had markedly enhanced expression of pro-fibrotic cytokines compared to wild type macrophages. Consequently, porcupine deletion specifically within macrophages augmented renal scar formation following ureteral obstruction. Thus, our experiments suggest a benefit of interrupting Wnt secretion specifically within the kidney epithelium while preserving Wnt O-acylation in infiltrating myeloid cells during renal fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathan P Rudemiller
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jiafa Ren
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Griffiths
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie R Privratsky
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Babita Madan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Wnt Signaling in Cancer Metabolism and Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070904. [PMID: 31261718 PMCID: PMC6678221 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway has long been associated with tumorigenesis, tumor plasticity, and tumor-initiating cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). Wnt signaling has recently been implicated in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. Aberrant Wnt signaling is considered to be a driver of metabolic alterations of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and lipogenesis, processes essential to the survival of bulk and CSC populations. Over the past decade, the Wnt pathway has also been shown to regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and anti-cancer immunity. Wnt ligands released by tumor cells in the TME facilitate the immune evasion of cancer cells and hamper immunotherapy. In this review, we illustrate the role of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer metabolism and immunity to explore the potential therapeutic approach of targeting Wnt signaling from a metabolic and immunological perspective.
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40
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Probing Interaction of Lipid-Modified Wnt Protein and Its Receptors by ELISA. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31152407 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9532-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Wnts are lipid-modified proteins that regulate stem cell signaling via Frizzled receptors on the cell surface. Determination of binding interactions between lipid-modified Wnt proteins and their Frizzled receptors has been challenging due to the lack of availability of facile detection methods and technical hurdles associated with generating the relevant reagents. Here we report an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the binding of a biotinylated form of lipid-modified Wnt3a to the extracellular cysteine-rich domain of Frizzled receptor. The method described herein is robust and rapid, uses minimum volumes of reagents, and can be conducted in a high-throughput format. Because of these attributes, the method could find utility in drug discovery applications such as characterizing the effect of pharmacological inhibitors on Wnt signaling without the need for sophisticated biophysical instrumentation.
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Yin GW, Xia XX, Song FJ, Huang YH. Expression of Wnt-1 and TSLC1 in condyloma acuminatum. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 44:620-624. [PMID: 30793382 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its high contagiousness, high recurrence rate and potential for malignant transformation, effective treatments for condyloma acuminatum (CA) have not yet been developed. Accordingly, it is necessary to clarify the mechanisms underlying CA development. AIM To investigate the expression and significance of the proteins Wnt-1 and TSLC1 in patients with CA and in normal foreskin controls. METHODS Wnt-1 and TSLC1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 45 patients with CA. RESULTS Positive expression rates of Wnt-1 and TSLC1 were 82.22% (37/45) and 37.78% (17/45), respectively, in CA tissues, and 29.17% (7/24) and 91.67% (22/24), respectively, in normal foreskin controls. Wnt-1 expression intensity in CA was markedly higher (positive to strongly positive) than that in normal controls (negative to weakly positive), whereas TSLC1 expression intensity ranged from weakly positive to positive in CA, and nearly strongly positive in the normal control group. The differences in the positive expression rate and expression intensity of Wnt-1 and TSLC1 between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In addition, Wnt-1 and TSLC1 were negatively correlated. (r = -0.336, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of Wnt-1 and low expression of TSLC1 may be associated with the growth of CA. These findings may provide a basis for the development of therapies to prevent recurrence or malignant transformation of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X X Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - F J Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y H Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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42
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Lee CJ, Rana MS, Bae C, Li Y, Banerjee A. In vitro reconstitution of Wnt acylation reveals structural determinants of substrate recognition by the acyltransferase human Porcupine. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:231-245. [PMID: 30420431 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt proteins regulate a large number of processes, including cellular growth, differentiation, and tissue homeostasis, through the highly conserved Wnt signaling pathway in metazoans. Porcupine (PORCN) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident integral membrane enzyme that catalyzes posttranslational modification of Wnts with palmitoleic acid, an unsaturated lipid. This unique form of lipidation with palmitoleic acid is a vital step in the biogenesis and secretion of Wnt, and PORCN inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for cancer treatment. However, PORCN-mediated Wnt lipidation has not been reconstituted in vitro with purified enzyme. Here, we report the first successful purification of human PORCN and confirm, through in vitro reconstitution with the purified enzyme, that PORCN is necessary and sufficient for Wnt acylation. By systematically examining a series of substrate variants, we show that PORCN intimately recognizes the local structure of Wnt around the site of acylation. Our in vitro assay enabled us to examine the activity of PORCN with a range of fatty acyl-CoAs with varying length and unsaturation. The selectivity of human PORCN across a spectrum of fatty acyl-CoAs suggested that the kink in the unsaturated acyl chain is a key determinant of PORCN-mediated catalysis. Finally, we show that two putative PORCN inhibitors that were discovered with cell-based assays indeed target human PORCN. Together, these results provide discrete, high-resolution biochemical insights into the mechanism of PORCN-mediated Wnt acylation and pave the way for further detailed biochemical and structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Jin Lee
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Mitra S Rana
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Chanhyung Bae
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yan Li
- Protein/Peptide Sequencing Facility, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Mammalian Cardiac Morphogenesis. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:1052-1062. [PMID: 29564519 PMCID: PMC5959767 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian heart is the first organ to form and is critical for embryonic survival and development. With an occurrence of 1%, congenital heart defects (CHDs) are also the most common birth defects in humans, and major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality (Hoffman and Kaplan in J Am Coll Cardiol 39(12):1890-1900, 2002; Samanek in Cardiol Young 10(3):179-185, 2000). Understanding how the heart forms will not only help to determine the etiology and to design diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for CHDs, but may also provide insight into regenerative medicine to repair injured adult hearts. Mammalian heart development requires precise orchestration of growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis to remodel a simple linear heart tube into an intricate, four-chambered heart with properly connected pulmonary artery and aorta, a structural basis for establishing the pulmonary and systemic circulation. Here we will review the recent advance in our understanding of how the planar cell polarity pathway, a highly conserved morphogenetic engine in vertebrates, regulates polarized morphogenetic processes to contribute to both the arterial and venous poles development of the heart.
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44
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Li L, Wei B, He A, Lu L, Li X, Zhang L, Xu Z, Sun M. Methylation-reprogrammed Wnt/β-catenin signalling mediated prenatal hypoxia-induced brain injury in foetal and offspring rats. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3866-3874. [PMID: 29808608 PMCID: PMC6050486 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia (PH) is a common pregnancy complication, harmful to brain development. This study investigated whether and how PH affected Wnt pathway in the brain. Pregnant rats were exposed to hypoxia (10.5% O2) or normoxia (21% O2; Control). Foetal brain weight and body weight were decreased in the PH group, the ratio of brain weight to body weight was increased significantly. Prenatal hypoxia increased mRNA expression of Wnt3a, Wnt7a, Wnt7b and Fzd4, but not Lrp6. Activated β‐catenin protein and Fosl1 expression were also significantly up‐regulated. Increased Hif1a expression was found in the PH group associated with the higher Wnt signalling. Among 5 members of the Sfrp family, Sfrp4 was down‐regulated. In the methylation‐regulating genes, higher mRNA expressions of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b were found in the PH group. Sodium bisulphite and sequencing revealed hyper‐methylation in the promoter region of Sfrp4 gene in the foetal brain, accounting for its decreased expression and contributing to the activation of the Wnt‐Catenin signalling. The study of PC12 cells treated with 5‐aza further approved that decreased methylation could result in the higher Sfrp4 expression. In the offspring hippocampus, protein levels of Hif1a and mRNA expression of Sfrp4 were unchanged, whereas Wnt signal pathway was inhibited. The data demonstrated that PH activated the Wnt pathway in the foetal brain, related to the hyper‐methylation of Sfrp4 as well as Hif1a signalling. Activated Wnt signalling might play acute protective roles to the foetal brain in response to hypoxia, also would result in disadvantageous influence on the offspring in long‐term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengshu Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Axin He
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Li H, Ma Y, Chen B, Shi J. miR-182 enhances acute kidney injury by promoting apoptosis involving the targeting and regulation of TCF7L2/Wnt/β-catenins pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 831:20-27. [PMID: 29733821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden decay in renal function leading to increasing morbidity and mortality. miR-182 has been reported to be actively involved in kidney diseases. However, the function and molecular mechanism of miR-182 in AKI still need to be elucidated. The levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine Kim-1 in I/R-induced rat AKI model were detected by a Beckman Autoanalyzer. miR-182 and transcription factor 7-like-2 (TCF7L2) mRNA expression were measured by qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry and caspase-3 colorimetry analysis were performed to determine NRK-52E cell apoptosis. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter were used to identify the interaction between miR-182 and TCF7L2. miR-182 expression was increased in both I/R-induced rat models and hypoxia-treated NRK-52E cells, and miR-182 overexpression stimulated the apoptosis of hypoxia-induced NRK-52E cells. Dual-luciferase analysis disclosed that TCF7L2 was a target of miR-182. TCF7L2 suppressed hypoxia-induced apoptosis in NRK-52E cells, and the inhibitory effect of TCF7L2 on cell apoptosis could be reversed with miR-182 restoration. Moreover, the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was promoted following overexpression of TCF7L2 in NRK-52E cells with hypoxia treatment, and this effect was greatly attenuated by the increased miR-182 expression. Finally, in vivo experiment also validated the alleviation of miR-182 inhibitor on I/R-induced kidney injury and apoptosis via regulating TCF7L2/ Wnt/β-catenin pathway. miR-182 exacerbated AKI involving the targeting and regulation of TCF7L2/Wnt/β-catenin signaling, unveiling a novel regulatory pathway in ischemia-reperfusion injury and elucidating a potential biomarker for AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| | - Yali Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Baoping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
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Roy JP, Halford MM, Stacker SA. The biochemistry, signalling and disease relevance of RYK and other WNT-binding receptor tyrosine kinases. Growth Factors 2018; 36:15-40. [PMID: 29806777 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2018.1472089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a well-characterized family of growth factor receptors that have central roles in human disease and are frequently therapeutically targeted. The RYK, ROR, PTK7 and MuSK subfamilies make up an understudied subset of WNT-binding RTKs. Numerous developmental, stem cell and pathological roles of WNTs, in particular WNT5A, involve signalling via these WNT receptors. The WNT-binding RTKs have highly context-dependent signalling outputs and stimulate the β-catenin-dependent, planar cell polarity and/or WNT/Ca2+ pathways. RYK, ROR and PTK7 members have a pseudokinase domain in their intracellular regions. Alternative signalling mechanisms, including proteolytic cleavage and protein scaffolding functions, have been identified for these receptors. This review explores the structure, signalling, physiological and pathological roles of RYK, with particular attention paid to cancer and the possibility of therapeutically targeting RYK. The other WNT-binding RTKs are compared with RYK throughout to highlight the similarities and differences within this subset of WNT receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Roy
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- b Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Michael M Halford
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- b Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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Park EJ, Jung HJ, Choi HJ, Cho JI, Park HJ, Kwon TH. miR-34c-5p and CaMKII are involved in aldosterone-induced fibrosis in kidney collecting duct cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F329-F342. [PMID: 29070573 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00358.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralocorticoids trigger a profibrotic process in the kidney. In mouse cortical collecting duct cells, the present study addressed two main questions: 1) what are microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes that are changed by aldosterone? and 2) what do miRNAs, in response to aldosterone, regulate regarding signaling pathways related to fibrosis? A microarray chip assay was done in cells in the absence or presence of aldosterone treatment (10-6 M; 3 days). The candidate miRNAs were identified by the criteria of >30% of fold change among the significantly changed miRNAs ( P < 0.05). Twenty-nine miRNAs were upregulated (>1.3-fold), and 27 miRNAs were downregulated (<0.7-fold). Putative target genes of identified miRNAs were associated with 74 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Among them, the wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway was highly ranked, where 15 mature miRNAs were observed. These miRNAs were further analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR, and among them, miR-130b-3p, miR-34c-5p, and miR-146a-5p were selected. Through the identification of putative target genes of these three miRNAs, mRNA and protein expression of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II β-chain ( Camk2b) gene (a target gene of miR-34c-5p) were found to be increased significantly in aldosterone-treated cells, where fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin were induced. When CaMKIIβ small interfering RNA or the miR-34c-5p mimic was transfected, aldosterone-induced FN expression was significantly attenuated, along with reduced CaMKIIβ protein expression. A luciferase reporter assay revealed a decrease of CaMKIIβ translation in cells transfected with miRNA mimics of miR-34c-5p. In conclusion, aldosterone-induced downregulation of miR-34c-5p in the Wnt signaling pathway and a consequent increase of CaMKIIβ expression are likely to be involved in aldosterone-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Jung Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea.,Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hyo-Jung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-In Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity is a common feature in breast cancer, yet an understanding of the coexistence and regulation of various tumor cell subpopulations remains a significant challenge in cancer biology. In the current study, we approached tumor cell heterogeneity from the perspective of Wnt pathway biology to address how different modes of Wnt signaling shape the behaviors of diverse cell populations within a heterogeneous tumor landscape. Using a syngeneic TP53-null mouse model of breast cancer, we identified distinctions in the topology of canonical Wnt β-catenin-dependent signaling activity and non-canonical β-catenin-independent Ror2-mediated Wnt signaling across subtypes and within tumor cell subpopulations in vivo. We further discovered an antagonistic role for Ror2 in regulating canonical Wnt/β-catenin activity in vivo, where lentiviral shRNA depletion of Ror2 expression augmented canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity across multiple basal-like models. Depletion of Ror2 expression yielded distinct phenotypic outcomes and divergent alterations in gene expression programs among different tumors, despite all sharing basal-like features. Notably, we uncovered cell state plasticity and adhesion dynamics regulated by Ror2, which influenced Ras Homology Family Member A (RhoA) and Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Kinase 1 (ROCK1) activity downstream of Dishevelled-2 (Dvl2). Collectively, these studies illustrate the integration and collaboration of Wnt pathways in basal-like breast cancer, where Ror2 provides a spatiotemporal function to regulate the balance of Wnt signaling and cellular heterogeneity during tumor progression.
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Zhu C, Yamaguchi K, Ohsugi T, Terakado Y, Noguchi R, Ikenoue T, Furukawa Y. Identification of FERM domain-containing protein 5 as a novel target of β-catenin/TCF7L2 complex. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:612-619. [PMID: 28117551 PMCID: PMC5406541 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in human tumorigenesis through the accumulation of β‐catenin and subsequent transactivation of TCF7L2. Although some of the consequences associated with the accumulated β‐catenin have been clarified, the comprehensive effect of activated β‐catenin/TCF7L2 transcriptional complex on tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated. To understand the precise molecular mechanisms underlying colorectal cancer, we searched for genes regulated by the complex in colorectal tumors. We performed expression profile analysis of HCT116 and SW480 colon cancer cells treated with β‐catenin siRNAs, and ChIP‐sequencing using anti‐TCF7L2 antibody. Combination of these data with public microarray data of LS174 cells with a dominant‐negative form of TCF7L2 identified a total of 11 candidate genes. In this paper, we focused on FERM domain‐containing protein 5 (FRMD5), and confirmed that it is regulated by both β‐catenin and TCF7L2. An additional reporter assay disclosed that a region in intron1 transcriptionally regulated the expression of FRMD5. ChIP assay also corroborated that TCF7L2 associates with this region. These data suggested that FRMD5 is a novel direct target of the β‐catenin/TCF7L2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhu
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohsugi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Terakado
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Noguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Unsaturated fatty acyl recognition by Frizzled receptors mediates dimerization upon Wnt ligand binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4147-4152. [PMID: 28377511 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618293114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Frizzled (FZD) receptors mediate Wnt signaling in diverse processes ranging from bone growth to stem cell activity. Moreover, high FZD receptor expression at the cell surface contributes to overactive Wnt signaling in subsets of pancreatic, ovarian, gastric, and colorectal tumors. Despite the progress in biochemical understanding of Wnt-FZD receptor interactions, the molecular basis for recognition of Wnt cis-unsaturated fatty acyl groups by the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of FZD receptors remains elusive. Here, we determined a crystal structure of human FZD7 CRD unexpectedly bound to a 24-carbon fatty acid. We also report a crystal structure of human FZD5 CRD bound to C16:1 cis-Δ9 unsaturated fatty acid. Both structures reveal a dimeric arrangement of the CRD. The lipid-binding groove exhibits flexibility and spans both monomers, adopting a U-shaped geometry that accommodates the fatty acid. Re-evaluation of the published mouse FZD8 CRD structure reveals that it also shares the same architecture as FZD5 and FZD7 CRDs. Our results define a common molecular mechanism for recognition of the cis-unsaturated fatty acyl group, a necessary posttranslational modification of Wnts, by multiple FZD receptors. The fatty acid bridges two CRD monomers, implying that Wnt binding mediates FZD receptor dimerization. Our data uncover possibilities for the arrangement of Wnt-FZD CRD complexes and shed structural insights that could aide in the identification of pharmacological strategies to modulate FZD receptor function.
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