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Wan M, Zhang G, Yi H. Unraveling the resurgence of pertussis: Insights into epidemiology and global health strategies. Pulmonology 2024:S2531-0437(24)00055-2. [PMID: 38755090 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minzhong Wan
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 105471, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hang Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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2
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Peng Y, Williams MM, Xiaoli L, Simon A, Fueston H, Tondella ML, Weigand MR. Strengthening Bordetella pertussis genomic surveillance by direct sequencing of residual positive specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0165323. [PMID: 38445858 PMCID: PMC11005353 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01653-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of microbial pathogens recovered from patients with infectious disease facilitates high-resolution strain characterization and molecular epidemiology. However, increasing reliance on culture-independent methods to diagnose infectious diseases has resulted in few isolates available for WGS. Here, we report a novel culture-independent approach to genome characterization of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis and a paradigm for insufficient genomic surveillance due to limited culture of clinical isolates. Sequencing libraries constructed directly from residual pertussis-positive diagnostic nasopharyngeal specimens were hybridized with biotinylated RNA "baits" targeting B. pertussis fragments within complex mixtures that contained high concentrations of host and microbial background DNA. Recovery of B. pertussis genome sequence data was evaluated with mock and pooled negative clinical specimens spiked with reducing concentrations of either purified DNA or inactivated cells. Targeted enrichment increased the yield of B. pertussis sequencing reads up to 90% while simultaneously decreasing host reads to less than 10%. Filtered sequencing reads provided sufficient genome coverage to perform characterization via whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms and whole-genome multilocus sequencing typing. Moreover, these data were concordant with sequenced isolates recovered from the same specimens such that phylogenetic reconstructions from either consistently clustered the same putatively linked cases. The optimized protocol is suitable for nasopharyngeal specimens with diagnostic IS481 Ct < 35 and >10 ng DNA. Routine implementation of these methods could strengthen surveillance and study of pertussis resurgence by capturing additional cases with genomic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Peng
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Margaret M. Williams
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Ashley Simon
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heather Fueston
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria L. Tondella
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael R. Weigand
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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3
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Shinde P, Soldevila F, Reyna J, Aoki M, Rasmussen M, Willemsen L, Kojima M, Ha B, Greenbaum JA, Overton JA, Guzman-Orozco H, Nili S, Orfield S, Gygi JP, da Silva Antunes R, Sette A, Grant B, Olsen LR, Konstorum A, Guan L, Ay F, Kleinstein SH, Peters B. A multi-omics systems vaccinology resource to develop and test computational models of immunity. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100731. [PMID: 38490204 PMCID: PMC10985234 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Systems vaccinology studies have identified factors affecting individual vaccine responses, but comparing these findings is challenging due to varying study designs. To address this lack of reproducibility, we established a community resource for comparing Bordetella pertussis booster responses and to host annual contests for predicting patients' vaccination outcomes. We report here on our experiences with the "dry-run" prediction contest. We found that, among 20+ models adopted from the literature, the most successful model predicting vaccination outcome was based on age alone. This confirms our concerns about the reproducibility of conclusions between different vaccinology studies. Further, we found that, for newly trained models, handling of baseline information on the target variables was crucial. Overall, multiple co-inertia analysis gave the best results of the tested modeling approaches. Our goal is to engage community in these prediction challenges by making data and models available and opening a public contest in August 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Shinde
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ferran Soldevila
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joaquin Reyna
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Minori Aoki
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mikkel Rasmussen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lisa Willemsen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mari Kojima
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Ha
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason A Greenbaum
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James A Overton
- Knocean Inc., 107 Quebec Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M6P 2T3, Canada
| | - Hector Guzman-Orozco
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Somayeh Nili
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shelby Orfield
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy P Gygi
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barry Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars Rønn Olsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Konstorum
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leying Guan
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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4
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DeJong MA, Wolf MA, Bitzer GJ, Hall JM, Fitzgerald NA, Pyles GM, Huckaby AB, Petty JE, Lee K, Barbier M, Bevere JR, Ernst RK, Damron FH. BECC438b TLR4 agonist supports unique immune response profiles from nasal and muscular DTaP pertussis vaccines in murine challenge models. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0022323. [PMID: 38323817 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00223-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The protection afforded by acellular pertussis vaccines wanes over time, and there is a need to develop improved vaccine formulations. Options to improve the vaccines involve the utilization of different adjuvants and administration via different routes. While intramuscular (IM) vaccination provides a robust systemic immune response, intranasal (IN) vaccination theoretically induces a localized immune response within the nasal cavity. In the case of a Bordetella pertussis infection, IN vaccination results in an immune response that is similar to natural infection, which provides the longest duration of protection. Current acellular formulations utilize an alum adjuvant, and antibody levels wane over time. To overcome the current limitations with the acellular vaccine, we incorporated a novel TLR4 agonist, BECC438b, into both IM and IN acellular formulations to determine its ability to protect against infection in a murine airway challenge model. Following immunization and challenge, we observed that DTaP + BECC438b reduced bacterial burden within the lung and trachea for both administration routes when compared with mock-vaccinated and challenged (MVC) mice. Interestingly, IN administration of DTaP + BECC438b induced a Th1-polarized immune response, while IM vaccination polarized toward a Th2 immune response. RNA sequencing analysis of the lung demonstrated that DTaP + BECC438b activates biological pathways similar to natural infection. Additionally, IN administration of DTaP + BECC438b activated the expression of genes involved in a multitude of pathways associated with the immune system. Overall, these data suggest that BECC438b adjuvant and the IN vaccination route can impact efficacy and responses of pertussis vaccines in pre-clinical mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A DeJong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - M Allison Wolf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Graham J Bitzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jesse M Hall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Nicholas A Fitzgerald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gage M Pyles
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Annalisa B Huckaby
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan E Petty
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Katherine Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Justin R Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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5
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Natrajan MS, Hall JM, Weigand MR, Peng Y, Williams MM, Momin M, Damron FH, Dubey P, Tondella ML, Pawloski LC. Genome-based prediction of cross-protective, HLA-DR-presented epitopes as putative vaccine antigens for multiple Bordetella species. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0352723. [PMID: 38054724 PMCID: PMC10783135 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03527-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, can cause debilitating respiratory symptoms, so whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wPVs) were introduced in the 1940s. However, reactogenicity of wPV necessitated the development of acellular pertussis vaccines (aPVs) that were introduced in the 1990s. Since then, until the COVID-19 pandemic began, reported pertussis incidence was increasing, suggesting that aPVs do not induce long-lasting immunity and may not effectively prevent transmission. Additionally, aPVs do not provide protection against other Bordetella species that are observed during outbreaks. The significance of this work is in determining potential new vaccine antigens for multiple Bordetella species that are predicted to elicit long-term immune responses. Genome-based approaches have aided the development of novel vaccines; here, these methods identified Bordetella vaccine candidates that may be cross-protective and predicted to induce strong memory responses. These targets can lead to an improved vaccine with a strong safety profile while also strengthening the longevity of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muktha S. Natrajan
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Laboratory Leadership Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jesse M. Hall
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael R. Weigand
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Margaret M. Williams
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mohamed Momin
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Frederick Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria Lucia Tondella
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lucia C. Pawloski
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Pearce R, Chen J, Chin KL, Guignard A, Latorre LA, MacIntyre CR, Schoeninger B, Shantakumar S. Population-Based Study of Pertussis Incidence and Risk Factors among Persons >50 Years of Age, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:105-115. [PMID: 38146987 PMCID: PMC10756356 DOI: 10.3201/eid3001.230261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite vaccination programs, pertussis has been poorly controlled, especially among older adults in Australia. This longitudinal, retrospective, observational study aimed to estimate the incidence and risk factors of pertussis among persons ≥50 years of age in Australia in the primary care setting, including those with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. We used the IQVIA general practitioner electronic medical record database to identify patients ≥50 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of pertussis during 2015-2019. Pertussis incidence rates ranged from 57.6 to 91.4 per 100,000 persons and were higher among women and highest in those 50-64 years of age. Patients with COPD or asthma had higher incidence rates and an increased risk for pertussis compared with the overall population ≥50 years of age. Our findings suggest that persons ≥50 years of age in Australia with COPD or asthma have a higher incidence of and risk for pertussis diagnosis.
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Kim AR, Sette A, da Silva Antunes R. Adaptive immune response to bordetella pertussis during vaccination and infection: emerging perspectives and unanswered questions. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:705-714. [PMID: 39037200 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2383745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, remains a significant challenge as a vaccine-preventable disease worldwide. Since the switch from the whole-cell Pertussis (wP) vaccine to the acellular Pertussis vaccine (aP), cases of whooping cough have increased in countries using the aP vaccine. Understanding the immune system's response to pertussis vaccines and infection is crucial for improving current vaccine efficacy. AREAS COVERED This review of the literature using PubMed records offers an overview of the qualitative differences in antibody and T cell responses to B. pertussis (BP) in vaccination and infection, and their potential association with decreased efficacy of the aP vaccine in preventing infection and subclinical colonization. We further discuss how asymptomatic infections and carriage are widespread among vaccinated human populations, and explore methodologies that can be employed for their detection, to better understand their impact on adaptive immune responses and identify key features necessary for protection against the disease. EXPERT OPINION An underappreciated human BP reservoir, stemming from the decreased capacity of the aP vaccine to prevent subclinical infection, offers an alternative explanation for the increased incidence of clinical disease and recurrent outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Reum Kim
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
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Abu-Raya B, Esser MJ, Nakabembe E, Reiné J, Amaral K, Diks AM, Imede E, Way SS, Harandi AM, Gorringe A, Le Doare K, Halperin SA, Berkowska MA, Sadarangani M. Antibody and B-cell Immune Responses Against Bordetella Pertussis Following Infection and Immunization. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168344. [PMID: 37926426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Neither immunization nor recovery from natural infection provides life-long protection against Bordetella pertussis. Replacement of a whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine with an acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, mutations in B. pertussis strains, and better diagnostic techniques, contribute to resurgence of number of cases especially in young infants. Development of new immunization strategies relies on a comprehensive understanding of immune system responses to infection and immunization and how triggering these immune components would ensure protective immunity. In this review, we assess how B cells, and their secretory products, antibodies, respond to B. pertussis infection, current and novel vaccines and highlight similarities and differences in these responses. We first focus on antibody-mediated immunity. We discuss antibody (sub)classes, elaborate on antibody avidity, ability to neutralize pertussis toxin, and summarize different effector functions, i.e. ability to activate complement, promote phagocytosis and activate NK cells. We then discuss challenges and opportunities in studying B-cell immunity. We highlight shared and unique aspects of B-cell and plasma cell responses to infection and immunization, and discuss how responses to novel immunization strategies better resemble those triggered by a natural infection (i.e., by triggering responses in mucosa and production of IgA). With this comprehensive review, we aim to shed some new light on the role of B cells and antibodies in the pertussis immunity to guide new vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Abu-Raya
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Mirjam J Esser
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eve Nakabembe
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Jesús Reiné
- Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle Amaral
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annieck M Diks
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden ZA 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Imede
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew Gorringe
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK; Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, MU-JHU, Upper Mulago Hill, Kampala, P.O. Box 23491, Uganda
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Magdalena A Berkowska
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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First NJ, Parrish KM, Martínez-Pérez A, González-Fernández Á, Bharrhan S, Woolard M, McLachlan JB, Scott RS, Wang J, Gestal MC. Bordetella spp. block eosinophil recruitment to suppress the generation of early mucosal protection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113294. [PMID: 37883230 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella spp. are respiratory pathogens equipped with immune evasion mechanisms. We previously characterized a Bordetella bronchiseptica mutant (RB50ΔbtrS) that fails to suppress host responses, leading to rapid clearance and long-lasting immunity against reinfection. This work revealed eosinophils as an exclusive requirement for RB50ΔbtrS clearance. We also show that RB50ΔbtrS promotes eosinophil-mediated B/T cell recruitment and inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) formation, with eosinophils being present throughout iBALT for Th17 and immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses. Finally, we provide evidence that XCL1 is critical for iBALT formation but not maintenance, proposing a novel role for eosinophils as facilitators of adaptive immunity against B. bronchiseptica. RB50ΔbtrS being incapable of suppressing eosinophil effector functions illuminates active, bacterial targeting of eosinophils to achieve successful persistence and reinfection. Overall, our discoveries contribute to understanding cellular mechanisms for use in future vaccines and therapies against Bordetella spp. and extension to other mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J First
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71106, USA
| | - Katelyn M Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71106, USA
| | - Amparo Martínez-Pérez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - África González-Fernández
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Sushma Bharrhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71106, USA; Immunophenotyping Core, Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71106, USA
| | - Matthew Woolard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71106, USA; Immunophenotyping Core, Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71106, USA
| | - James B McLachlan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rona S Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71106, USA; Bioinformatics and Modeling Core, Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71106, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71106, USA; Bioinformatics and Modeling Core, Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71106, USA
| | - Monica C Gestal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71106, USA.
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Wang N, Scott TA, Kupz A, Shreenivas MM, Peres NG, Hocking DM, Yang C, Jebeli L, Beattie L, Groom JR, Pierce TP, Wakim LM, Bedoui S, Strugnell RA. Vaccine-induced inflammation and inflammatory monocytes promote CD4+ T cell-dependent immunity against murine salmonellosis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011666. [PMID: 37733817 PMCID: PMC10547166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior infection can generate protective immunity against subsequent infection, although the efficacy of such immunity can vary considerably. Live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are one of the most effective methods for mimicking this natural process, and analysis of their efficacy has proven instrumental in the identification of protective immune mechanisms. Here, we address the question of what makes a LAV efficacious by characterising immune responses to a LAV, termed TAS2010, which is highly protective (80-90%) against lethal murine salmonellosis, in comparison with a moderately protective (40-50%) LAV, BRD509. Mice vaccinated with TAS2010 developed immunity systemically and were protected against gut-associated virulent infection in a CD4+ T cell-dependent manner. TAS2010-vaccinated mice showed increased activation of Th1 responses compared with their BRD509-vaccinated counterparts, leading to increased Th1 memory populations in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. The optimal development of Th1-driven immunity was closely correlated with the activation of CD11b+Ly6GnegLy6Chi inflammatory monocytes (IMs), the activation of which can be modulated proportionally by bacterial load in vivo. Upon vaccination with the LAV, IMs expressed T cell chemoattractant CXCL9 that attracted CD4+ T cells to the foci of infection, where IMs also served as a potent source of antigen presentation and Th1-promoting cytokine IL-12. The expression of MHC-II in IMs was rapidly upregulated following vaccination and then maintained at an elevated level in immune mice, suggesting IMs may have a role in sustained antigen stimulation. Our findings present a longitudinal analysis of CD4+ T cell development post-vaccination with an intracellular bacterial LAV, and highlight the benefit of inflammation in the development of Th1 immunity. Future studies focusing on the induction of IMs may reveal key strategies for improving vaccine-induced T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meghanashree M. Shreenivas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Newton G. Peres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dianna M. Hocking
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chenying Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leila Jebeli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynette Beattie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanna R. Groom
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Pierce
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard A. Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Mitchell SL, Schulkin J, Power ML. Vaccine hesitancy in pregnant Women: A narrative review. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00608-4. [PMID: 37291023 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women are often at higher risk for morbidity and mortality due to contracting vaccine-preventable diseases that result in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preterm births, and congenital fetal defects. For example, health care provider recommendation is correlated with maternal acceptance of influenza vaccination, however, up to 33 % of pregnant women remain unvaccinated irrespective of provider recommendation. Vaccine hesitancy is a multifactorial problem that both the medical and public health systems need to address synergistically. Vaccine education should incorporate balanced perspectives to deliver vaccine education. This narrative review addresses four questions: 1) what are the primary concerns of pregnant women that lead them to be hesitant about receiving vaccinations; 2) to what extent does the source (e.g. provider, friend, family) of vaccine advice and information influence a pregnant person's decision to accept a vaccine; 3) how does the delivery method of vaccine education influence their decision; 4) how can categorizing patients into four distinct groups based on their opinions and behavior regarding vaccines be used to improve provider-patient communication and increase vaccine acceptance. Results from the literature show that the three most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy include: i.) fear of side effects or adverse events; ii.) lack of confidence in vaccine safety; iii.) low perception of being at high risk of infection during pregnancy and/or not having previously received the vaccination when not pregnant. We conclude that vaccine hesitancy is dynamic therefore people do not always hold a static level of vaccine hesitancy. People may move between a continuum of vaccine hesitancy for a multifactorial reasons. A framework, characterized by levels of vaccine hesitancy before and during pregnancy, was constructed to help providers find balance between promoting individual health and public health while providing vaccine education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Mitchell
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Jay Schulkin
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Michael L Power
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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12
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Yount KS, Hall JM, Caution K, Shamseldin MM, Guo M, Marion K, Fullen AR, Huang Y, Maynard JA, Quataert SA, Deora R, Dubey P. Systemic priming and intranasal booster with a BcfA-adjuvanted acellular pertussis vaccine generates CD4+ IL-17+ nasal tissue resident T cells and reduces B. pertussis nasal colonization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181876. [PMID: 37275891 PMCID: PMC10232778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Resurgence of pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, necessitates novel vaccines and vaccination strategies to combat this disease. Alum-adjuvanted acellular pertussis vaccines (aPV) delivered intramuscularly reduce bacterial numbers in the lungs of immunized animals and humans, but do not reduce nasal colonization. Thus, aPV-immunized individuals are sources of community transmission. We showed previously that modification of a commercial aPV (Boostrix) by addition of the Th1/17 polarizing adjuvant Bordetella Colonization Factor A (BcfA) attenuated Th2 responses elicited by alum and accelerated clearance of B. pertussis from mouse lungs. Here we tested whether a heterologous immunization strategy with systemic priming and mucosal booster (prime-pull) would reduce nasal colonization. Methods Adult male and female mice were immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) with aPV or aPV/BcfA and boosted either i.m. or intranasally (i.n.) with the same formulation. Tissue-resident memory (TRM) responses in the respiratory tract were quantified by flow cytometry, and mucosal and systemic antibodies were quantified by ELISA. Immunized and naïve mice were challenged i.n. with Bordetella pertussis and bacterial load in the nose and lungs enumerated at days 1-14 post-challenge. Results We show that prime-pull immunization with Boostrix plus BcfA (aPV/BcfA) generated IFNγ+ and IL-17+ CD4+ lung resident memory T cells (TRM), and CD4+IL-17+ TRM in the nose. In contrast, aPV alone delivered by the same route generated IL-5+ CD4+ resident memory T cells in the lungs and nose. Importantly, nasal colonization was only reduced in mice immunized with aPV/BcfA by the prime-pull regimen. Conclusions These results suggest that TH17 polarized TRM generated by aPV/BcfA may reduce nasal colonization thereby preventing pertussis transmission and subsequent resurgence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacy S. Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jesse M. Hall
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kyle Caution
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mohamed M. Shamseldin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Myra Guo
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Keirsten Marion
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Audra R. Fullen
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yimin Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Maynard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sally A. Quataert
- Respiratory Pathogens Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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13
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Zhu Y, Lin S, Dong S, Zhang C, Shi L, Ren X, Li Z, Wang L, Fang L. Incidence and trends of 17 notifiable bacterial infectious diseases in China, 2004-2019. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:273. [PMID: 37131164 PMCID: PMC10152418 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain bacterial infectious diseases are categorized as notifiable infectious diseases in China. Understanding the time-varying epidemiology of bacterial infections diseases can provide scientific evidence to inform prevention and control measures. METHODS Yearly incidence data for all 17 major notifiable bacterial infectious diseases (BIDs) at the province level were obtained from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System in China between 2004 and 2019. Of them 16 BIDs are divided into four categories, respiratory transmitted diseases (RTDs, 6 diseases), direct contact/fecal-oral transmitted diseases (DCFTDs, 3 diseases), blood-borne/sexually transmitted diseases (BSTDs, 2 diseases), and zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (ZVDs, 5 diseases), and neonatal tetanus is excluded in the analysis. We characterized the demographic, temporal, and geographical features of the BIDs and examined their changing trends using a joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS During 2004‒2019, 28 779 thousand cases of BIDs were reported, with an annualized incidence rate of 134.00 per 100 000. RTDs were the most commonly reported BIDs, accounting for 57.02% of the cases (16 410 639/28 779 000). Average annual percent changes (AAPC) in incidence were - 1.98% for RTDs, - 11.66% for DCFTDs, 4.74% for BSTDs, and 4.46% for ZVDs. Females had a higher incidence of syphilis than males, and other BIDs were more commonly reported in males. Among 0-5-year-olds, the diseases with the largest increases in incidence were pertussis (15.17% AAPC) and scarlet fever (12.05%). Children and students had the highest incidence rates of scarlet fever, pertussis, meningococcal meningitis, and bacillary dysentery. Northwest China had the highest incidence of RTDs, while South and East China had the highest incidences of BSTDs. Laboratory confirmation of BIDs increased from 43.80 to 64.04% during the study period. CONCLUSIONS RTDs and DCFTDs decreased from 2004 to 2019 in China, while BSTDs and ZVDs increased during the same period. Great attention should be paid to BSTDs and ZVDs, active surveillance should be strengthened, and timely control measures should be adopted to reduce the incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, China CDC, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, China
- Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- Field Epidemiology Training Program, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghong Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shuaibing Dong
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, China CDC, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, China
- Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang, China
| | - Lusha Shi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, China CDC, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, China
- Complex Systems Research Center, School of Mathematics Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, China CDC, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, China CDC, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, China CDC, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, China.
| | - Liqun Fang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
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14
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Chitkara AJ, Balasubramanian S, Choudhury J, Dash N, Forsyth K, Heininger U, Hozbor DF, Muloiwa R, Tan T, von König CHW. Pertussis in India: Past, Present, and Future. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:393-399. [PMID: 36522518 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While vaccines have markedly reduced the incidence of pertussis, a resurgence has occurred in many countries. Until recently, pertussis has not been recognized as an important public health challenge in India due to its successful infant immunization program. However, India still accounts for a large proportion of the world's cases, and increasing reports of pertussis in other countries and in neonates have regenerated interest in pertussis among Indian authorities. The Global Pertussis Initiative (GPI) Annual Meeting was held virtually in October 2020, in part, to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology and disease burden of pertussis and to explore opportunities to improve its prevention in India. There was a consensus that pertussis cases are being underestimated in India due to multiple factors, such as a reliance on passive surveillance and diagnostic challenges. India offers both whole-cell pertussis and acellular pertussis vaccines, but vaccine coverage is inconsistent across regions due to differences in vaccine availability, access to health care, and regional administrative challenges. This report summarizes the outcomes and considers the key clinical implications of this meeting. The GPI agreed that active surveillance of pertussis in India would be optimal and recommended several studies, including serosurveillance among women of reproductive age to assess the prevalence of recent pertussis infection and to enable policy changes that will enhance the rational use of acellular and whole-cell vaccines. It also recommended engagement with nongovernmental organizations in order to encourage pregnancy immunization in the public sector. To achieve effective control of pertussis in the future, the GPI recognizes there are opportunities to characterize the burden of pertussis in India appropriately and increase vaccination coverage in multiple age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Chitkara
- Department of Pediatrics, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, 118, Vaishali, Pitampura, Delhi, 110088, India.
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanchi Kamkoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Nabaneeta Dash
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kevin Forsyth
- Department of Pediatrics, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ulrich Heininger
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Flavia Hozbor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratorio VacSal. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rudzani Muloiwa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tina Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Szwejser-Zawislak E, Wilk MM, Piszczek P, Krawczyk J, Wilczyńska D, Hozbor D. Evaluation of Whole-Cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in the Context of Long-Term Herd Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010001. [PMID: 36679846 PMCID: PMC9863224 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
After the pertussis vaccine had been introduced in the 1940s and was shown to be very successful in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease, the possibility of improving both vaccine composition and vaccination schedules has become the subject of continuous interest. As a result, we are witnessing a considerable heterogeneity in pertussis vaccination policies, which remains beyond universal consensus. Many pertussis-related deaths still occur in low- and middle-income countries; however, these deaths are attributable to gaps in vaccination coverage and limited access to healthcare in these countries, rather than to the poor efficacy of the first generation of pertussis vaccine consisting in inactivated and detoxified whole cell pathogen (wP). In many, particularly high-income countries, a switch was made in the 1990s to the use of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, to reduce the rate of post-vaccination adverse events and thereby achieve a higher percentage of children vaccinated. However the epidemiological data collected over the past few decades, even in those high-income countries, show an increase in pertussis prevalence and morbidity rates, triggering a wide-ranging debate on the causes of pertussis resurgence and the effectiveness of current pertussis prevention strategies, as well as on the efficacy of available pertussis vaccines and immunization schedules. The current article presents a systematic review of scientific reports on the evaluation of the use of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines, in the context of long-term immunity and vaccines efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szwejser-Zawislak
- Institute of Biotechnology of Serums and Vaccines Biomed, Al. Sosnowa 8, 30-224 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mieszko M. Wilk
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Piszczek
- Institute of Biotechnology of Serums and Vaccines Biomed, Al. Sosnowa 8, 30-224 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Krawczyk
- Institute of Biotechnology of Serums and Vaccines Biomed, Al. Sosnowa 8, 30-224 Krakow, Poland
| | - Daria Wilczyńska
- Institute of Biotechnology of Serums and Vaccines Biomed, Al. Sosnowa 8, 30-224 Krakow, Poland
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- VacSal Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Correspondence:
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16
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Blanc P, Liu Y, Reveneau N, Cavell B, Gorringe A, Renauld-Mongénie G. The role of bactericidal and opsonic activity in immunity against Bordetella pertussis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1727-1738. [PMID: 36369768 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2137145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pertussis vaccines have drastically reduced the disease burden in humans since their implementation. Despite their success, pertussis remains an important global public health challenge. Bordetella pertussis resurgence could be a result of greater surveillance combined with improved diagnosis methods, changes in Bordetella pertussis biology, vaccine schedules, and/or coverage. Additionally, mechanisms of protection conferred by acellular pertussis (aP) and whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines differ qualitatively. There are no clear immune correlates of protection for pertussis vaccines. Pertussis antigens can induce toxin neutralizing antibodies, block adherence or engage complement mediated phagocytic/bactericidal killing. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the existing evidence on antibody-mediated serum bactericidal and opsonophagocytic activity and discussed the relevance of these functional antibodies in the development of next-generation pertussis vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Current paradigm proposes that wP vaccines may confer greater herd protection than aP vaccines due to their enhanced clearance of bacteria from the nasopharynx in animal models. Functional antibodies may contribute to the reduction of nasal colonization, which differentiates aP and wP vaccines. Understanding the intrinsic differences in protective immune responses elicited by each class of vaccines will help to identify biomarkers that can be used as immunological end points in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Blanc
- Research & Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Research & Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Breeze Cavell
- Department of Research and Evaluation, United Kingdom (UK) Health Security Agency, Salisbury, UK
| | - Andrew Gorringe
- Department of Research and Evaluation, United Kingdom (UK) Health Security Agency, Salisbury, UK
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Bechini A, Zanella B, Bonito B, Bonanni P, Boccalini S. Review of scientific evidence to support recommendations of the full-dose DTaP-IPV vaccination in pre-school age children in Italy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1819-1830. [PMID: 36178008 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2130770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Two vaccine formulations are available to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and poliomyelitis: the pediatric full-dose (DTaP-IPV) and the reduced dose formulation (dTap-IPV). Different immunization schedules are internationally recommended for the pre-school booster dose. AREAS COVERED International and Italian recommendations, scientific evidence on immunogenicity and safety of DTaP/dTap vaccines to support the full dose as a pre-school booster and Italian vaccination coverage (VC) up to adolescence. EXPERT OPINION The WHO recommends a '3+1' schedule with DTaP vaccine for primary immunization, followed by a pre-school booster with DTaP or dTap vaccine. In Italy, a '2+1' schedule, with no booster in the second year, and a pre-school booster dose are recommended with DTPa-IPV vaccines. Studies showed a non-inferior immunogenicity in dTap vaccinees in pre-school age; nevertheless, the antibody titers were usually greater in children vaccinated with DTaP, while lower frequencies of adverse events were recorded in children receiving dTap. Italian VCs for pre-school and adolescent boosters have not been satisfactory, which further reduced during the COVID-19 period. In Italy, the pre-school booster offers the last chance to receive a full dose of DTaP vaccine, thus, representing the most suitable intervention to provide lasting protection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bechini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zanella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bonito
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonanni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Boccalini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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18
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Development of a TLR7/8 agonist adjuvant formulation to overcome early life hyporesponsiveness to DTaP vaccination. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16860. [PMID: 36258023 PMCID: PMC9579132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is the most common cause of mortality early in life, yet the broad potential of immunization is not fully realized in this vulnerable population. Most vaccines are administered during infancy and childhood, but in some cases the full benefit of vaccination is not realized in-part. New adjuvants are cardinal to further optimize current immunization approaches for early life. However, only a few classes of adjuvants are presently incorporated in vaccines approved for human use. Recent advances in the discovery and delivery of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist adjuvants have provided a new toolbox for vaccinologists. Prominent among these candidate adjuvants are synthetic small molecule TLR7/8 agonists. The development of an effective infant Bordetella pertussis vaccine is urgently required because of the resurgence of pertussis in many countries, contemporaneous to the switch from whole cell to acellular vaccines. In this context, TLR7/8 adjuvant based vaccine formulation strategies may be a promising tool to enhance and accelerate early life immunity by acellular B. pertussis vaccines. In the present study, we optimized (a) the formulation delivery system, (b) structure, and (c) immunologic activity of novel small molecule imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 adjuvants towards human infant leukocytes, including dendritic cells. Upon immunization of neonatal mice, this TLR7/8 adjuvant overcame neonatal hyporesponsiveness to acellular pertussis vaccination by driving a T helper (Th)1/Th17 biased T cell- and IgG2c-skewed humoral response to a licensed acellular vaccine (DTaP). This potent immunization strategy may represent a new paradigm for effective immunization against pertussis and other pathogens in early life.
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19
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Raihan MO, Espelien BM, Hanson C, McGregor BA, Velaris NA, Alvine TD, Al Golovko S, Bradley DS, Nilles M, Glovko MY, Hur J, Porter JE. Characterization of prostanoids response to Bordetella pertussis antigen BscF and Tdap in LPS-challenged monocytes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 182:102452. [PMID: 35690004 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostanoids are potent inflammatory mediators that play a regulatory role in the innate immune activation of the adaptive immune response to determine the duration of protection against infection. We aim to quantify the modulation of prostanoids profiles in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells treated with the novel pertussis antigen BscF. We compared the effect with pertussis antigens present in the current Tdap vaccine to understand the immunomodulatory effect that might contribute to the diminished Tdap vaccine effectiveness. The inflammatory challenge with LPS induced a robust elevation of most prostanoid family members compared to the control treatment. Treatment with BscF and Tdap significantly reduced the LPS-stimulated elevation of prostaglandins (PGs) D2, E2, and F2α, as well as thromboxane (TX) A2 levels. An opposite trend was observed for PGI2, as both antigens accelerated the LPS-stimulated upregulation. Further, we quantified cyclooxygenases (COXs) that catalyze the biosynthesis of prostanoids and found that both antigens significantly reduced LPS-stimulated COX-1 and COX-2, demonstrating that the waning of acellular pertussis vaccines' protective immunity may be due to other downstream enzymes not related to COXs. Our present study validates the potential role of BscF as an adjuvant, resulting in the next-generation pertussis vaccine discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Obayed Raihan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Brenna M Espelien
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Courtney Hanson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Brett A McGregor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Nathan A Velaris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Travis D Alvine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Svetlana Al Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - David S Bradley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Matthew Nilles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Mikhail Y Glovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - James E Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
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20
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Rzymski P, Falfushynska H, Fal A. Vaccination of Ukrainian Refugees: Need for Urgent Action. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:1103-1108. [PMID: 35435230 PMCID: PMC9383728 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprovoked aggression of Russian military forces on Ukraine in February 2022 has caused a high influx of refugees, including children, to neighboring countries, particularly Poland. This caused additional pressures on the healthcare system and the need to meet challenges for public health, such as those related to infectious diseases. Here, we discuss the potential epidemiological risks associated with the war-induced influx of refugees (coronavirus disease 2019, measles, pertussis, tetanus, and poliomyelitis) and highlight the need for their swift management through institutional support, educational campaigns, counteracting antiscience misinformation, and pursuing vaccinations of refugees but also improving or maintaining good levels of immunization in populations of countries welcoming them. These are necessary actions to avoid overlapping of war and infectious diseases and associated public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Orthopedagogy and Physical Therapy, Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Andrzej Fal
- Collegium Medicum, Warsaw Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Seppälä E, Bråthen Kristoffersen A, Bøås H, Frimann Vestrheim D, Greve-Isdahl M, Freiesleben De Blasio B, Steens A. Pertussis epidemiology including direct and indirect effects of the childhood pertussis booster vaccinations, Norway, 1998–2019. Vaccine 2022; 40:3142-3149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Balhuizen MD, Versluis CM, van Grondelle MO, Veldhuizen EJ, Haagsman HP. Modulation of outer membrane vesicle-based immune responses by cathelicidins. Vaccine 2022; 40:2399-2408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Bbvac: A Live Vaccine Candidate That Provides Long-Lasting Anamnestic and Th17-Mediated Immunity against the Three Classical Bordetella spp. mSphere 2022; 7:e0089221. [PMID: 35196124 PMCID: PMC8865921 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00892-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pathogens such as Bordetella pertussis can cause severe disease but are ultimately cleared by the immune response. This has led to the accepted paradigm that convalescent immunity is optimal and therefore broadly accepted as the “gold standard” against which vaccine candidates should be compared. However, successful pathogens like B. pertussis have evolved multiple mechanisms for suppressing and evading host immunity, raising the possibility that disruption of these mechanisms could result in substantially stronger or better immunity. Current acellular B. pertussis vaccines, delivered in a 5-dose regimen, induce only short-term immunity against disease and even less against colonization and transmission. Importantly, they provide modest protection against other Bordetella species that cause substantial human disease. A universal vaccine that protects against the three classical Bordetella spp. could decrease the burden of whooping cough-like disease in humans and other animals. Our recent work demonstrated that Bordetella spp. suppress host inflammatory responses and that disrupting the regulation of immunosuppressive mechanisms can allow the host to generate substantially stronger sterilizing immunity against the three classical Bordetella spp. Here, we identify immune parameters impacted by Bordetella species immunomodulation, including the generation of robust Th17 and B cell memory responses. Disrupting immunomodulation augmented the immune response, providing strong protection against the prototypes of all three classical Bordetella spp. as well as recent clinical isolates. Importantly, the protection in mice lasted for at least 15 months and was associated with recruitment of high numbers of B and T cells in the lungs as well as enhanced Th17 mucosal responses and persistently high titers of antibodies. These findings demonstrate that disrupting bacterial immunomodulatory pathways can generate much stronger and more protective immune responses to infection, with important implications for the development of better vaccines. IMPORTANCE Infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, accounting for over 40 million hospitalizations since 1998. Therefore, novel vaccine strategies are imperative, which can be improved with a better understanding of the mechanisms that bacteria utilize to suppress host immunity, a key mechanism for establishing colonization. Bordetella spp., the causative agents of whooping cough, suppress host immunity, which allows for persistent colonization. We discovered a regulator of a bacterial immunosuppressive pathway, which, when mutated in Bordetella spp., allows for rapid clearance of infection and subsequent generation of protective immunity for at least 15 months. After infection with the mutant strain, mice exhibited sterilizing immunity against the three classical Bordetella spp., suggesting that the immune response can be both stronger and cross-protective. This work presents a strategy for vaccine development that can be applied to other immunomodulatory pathogens.
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Modulation of Inflammatory Signaling Molecules in Bordetella pertussis Antigen-Challenged Human Monocytes in Presence of Adrenergic Agonists. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020321. [PMID: 35214778 PMCID: PMC8879854 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BscF is a type III secretion system (T3SS) needle protein from Bordetella pertussis and has previously been shown to induce a sufficient Th1 and Th17 response in human monocytes and mice as a prerequisite for long-lasting protective immunity against pertussis infection. In our current study, we aim to compare the modulation of inflammatory signaling molecules as a direct measure of the immune response to the B. pertussis antigens BscF and Tdap in the presence or absence of the adrenergic receptor agonists phenylephrine (PE) or isoproterenol (ISO) to observe differences that may contribute to the diminished protective immunity of the current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, Tdap. Stimulation of human monocyte THP-1 cells with LPS, BscF, and Tdap induced a robust elevation of CCL20, CXCL10, PGE2, and PGF2α among most chemokine and prostanoid members when compared with the control treatment. Treatment with the adrenergic agonist PE or ISO significantly enhanced the BscF- and Tdap-stimulated modulation of CCL20 and CXCL10 but not PGE2 and PGF2α, suggesting that adrenergic modulation of pertussis antigen responses might be a new therapeutic strategy to improve the longevity of pertussis immunity. Stimulation of THP-1 cells with BscF alone initiated significant expression of CXCL10 and PGF2α but not when Tdap was used, suggesting that BscF might be an important pertussis antigen for next-generation pertussis vaccines or when combined with the current aP vaccine. Our data offer opportunities for designing new therapeutic approaches against pertussis infection.
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25
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Cost-effectiveness of pertussis booster vaccination for preschool children in Japan. Vaccine 2022; 40:1010-1018. [PMID: 35039195 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Japan currently recommends four doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine in its routine vaccination program, but the introduction of a fifth dose is currently under consideration. An objective of the booster vaccination is to prevent severe cases of pertussis in infants through herd immunity. Thus, the aim of this analysis was to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of a fifth-dose of the DTaP vaccine for 6-year-old children, taking herd immunity for unvaccinated infants into account. METHOD An economic model analysis was conducted comparing the cost and effectiveness of the two strategies based on quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). We evaluated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the booster strategy to the no booster strategy. This model contained two sub-models: one for children aged 6 years or older and one for infants under 3 months old. Herd immunity for infants is modeled as when siblings in the same family are infected. RESULTS The ICER was JPY 71,605,491 (USD 656,931) per QALY gained from the societal perspective, and 7.10% of incremental QALYs (0.0000934) were from a reduction in infant infection. In the sensitivity analysis, no variables moved the ICER under the threshold (JPY 5,000,000 per QALY gained), and the duration of pertussis disease and the incidence rate of pertussis had a significant impact on the ICER. When the disease burden of pertussis decreased, the booster strategy resulted in fewer QALYs gained and greater costs compared with the no booster strategy. CONCLUSION The introduction of a DTaP booster vaccination to the routine immunization schedule can be expected to reduce the number of pertussis cases in the target population. However, our study showed that adding a booster vaccination for 6-year-old children to the schedule in Japan would not be cost-effective in terms of achieving herd immunity among unvaccinated infants.
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26
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Jog P, Memon IA, Thisyakorn U, Hozbor D, Heininger U, von König CHW, Tan T. Pertussis in Asia: Recent country-specific data and recommendations. Vaccine 2022; 40:1170-1179. [PMID: 35074239 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Global Pertussis Initiative (GPI) Roundtable Meeting held in 2019, which preceded the COVID-19 pandemic, focused on the incidence, surveillance, and immunization practices for pertussis in the Asian region. Participants from China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand presented country-specific information on pertussis prevalence, diagnosis, surveillance, vaccine administration and schedules, maternal and neonatal disease rates, and policies and practice of vaccination during pregnancy. In recent years, many Asian countries have seen an increase in pertussis cases, although underreporting of the disease is a concern. Currently, most Asian countries have only passive surveillance for pertussis in place. There is a need for improved surveillance to determine the disease burden and justify vaccination policies and recommendations, such as essential vaccination, boosters, and vaccination during pregnancy. Better awareness of the disease in adolescents and adults is necessary, and infant and childhood vaccination schedules need to be improved in many countries. Differences between private versus public sector vaccination schedules and between whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines should continue to be examined. It can be anticipated that unmet needs in the prevention and management of pertussis will continue as the COVID-19 pandemic evolves and that key recommendations highlighted in this meeting report will be of ongoing importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Usa Thisyakorn
- Tropical Medicine Cluster, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ulrich Heininger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tina Tan
- Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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27
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Wang W, Li Y, Fan S, Lian X, Cao W, Song X, Yi Q, Wang L, Song L. The Elevated Expressions of Anti-lipopolysaccharide Factors After Priming Stimulation Confer Lastingly Humoral Protection in Crab Eriocheir sinensis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757434. [PMID: 34956187 PMCID: PMC8692716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of immune memory in invertebrates (immune priming) has accumulated in various organisms, and both cellular and humoral immune reactions are speculated to be involved in immune priming. However, there is a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. In the present study, the protective effect of primed haemolymph was further validated by the increased survival rate of naïve crabs receiving a transfusion of primed haemolymph. By proteomic analysis, there were 474 proteins identified from the primed haemolymph, and most of them were functionally annotated in transport and metabolism classes. A total of 70 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in haemolymph at 12 hours and 7 days after priming stimulation with Aeromonas hydrophila, among which anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 1 (EsALF-1) and 3 (EsALF-3) were identified as the most significant (p < 0.05). After being challenged with A. hydrophila, EsALF-1 and EsALF-3 were highly expressed at both mRNA (in haemocytes) and protein (in haemolymph) levels compared with blank crabs, and the mRNA expressions of components in the EsTLR1-EsMyd88-EsPelle-EsALF pathway also increased significantly (p < 0.05). The EsALF-3 and EsMyd88 were even significantly higher expressed in response to the second A. hydrophila challenge, but their expressions all decreased (p < 0.05) when EsTLR1 was knocked down by RNAi. After the naïve crabs received an injection with the recombinant protein of EsALF-1 (rEsALF-1) or EsALF-3 (rEsALF-3), their survival rate increased significantly (p < 0.05) upon A. hydrophila stimulation. In contrast, the survival rate of the primed crabs reduced significantly (p < 0.05) after they received an injection with the antibody of EsALF-1 or EsALF-3. The enhanced expressions of EsALF-1 and EsALF-3 after A. hydrophilap riming stimulation could sustain for four weeks. All the results suggested that the EsTLR1-mediated productions of EsALF-1 and EsALF-3 in haemolymph played an indispensable role in the month-long humoral immune protection induced by A. hydrophila, which provides solid evidence of immune priming in crabs and a valuable reference for further understanding immune memory in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Siqi Fan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xingye Lian
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Wanqing Cao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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28
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Cabal A, Schmid D, Hell M, Chakeri A, Mustafa-Korninger E, Wojna A, Stöger A, Möst J, Leitner E, Hyden P, Rattei T, Habington A, Wiedermann U, Allerberger F, Ruppitsch W. Isolate-Based Surveillance of Bordetella pertussis, Austria, 2018-2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:862-871. [PMID: 33622477 PMCID: PMC7920692 DOI: 10.3201/eid2703.202314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease, and its recent resurgence might be attributable to the emergence of strains that differ genetically from the vaccine strain. We describe a novel pertussis isolate-based surveillance system and a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme to assess Bordetella pertussis genetic variability and investigate the increased incidence of pertussis in Austria. During 2018–2020, we obtained 123 B. pertussis isolates and typed them with the new scheme (2,983 targets and preliminary cluster threshold of <6 alleles). B. pertussis isolates in Austria differed genetically from the vaccine strain, both in their core genomes and in their vaccine antigen genes; 31.7% of the isolates were pertactin-deficient. We detected 8 clusters, 1 of them with pertactin-deficient isolates and possibly part of a local outbreak. National expansion of the isolate-based surveillance system is needed to implement pertussis-control strategies.
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29
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Dienstbier A, Amman F, Petráčková D, Štipl D, Čapek J, Zavadilová J, Fabiánová K, Držmíšek J, Kumar D, Wildung M, Pouchnik D, Večerek B. Comparative Omics Analysis of Historic and Recent Isolates of Bordetella pertussis and Effects of Genome Rearrangements on Evolution. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:57-68. [PMID: 33350934 PMCID: PMC7774529 DOI: 10.3201/eid2701.191541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis is increasing in many industrialized countries, including the Czech Republic. To better understand Bordetella pertussis resurgence, we analyzed historic strains and recent clinical isolates by using a comparative omics approach. Whole-genome sequencing showed that historic and recent isolates of B. pertussis have substantial variation in genome organization and form separate phylogenetic clusters. Subsequent RNA sequence analysis and liquid chromatography with mass tandem spectrometry analyses showed that these variations translated into discretely separated transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. When compared with historic strains, recent isolates showed increased expression of flagellar genes and genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and decreased expression of polysaccharide capsule genes. Compared with reference strain Tohama I, all strains had increased expression and production of the type III secretion system apparatus. We detected the potential link between observed effects and insertion sequence element–induced changes in gene context only for a few genes.
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30
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Genomic Surveillance and Improved Molecular Typing of Bordetella pertussis Using wgMLST. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.02726-20. [PMID: 33627319 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02726-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) provides allele-based characterization of bacterial pathogens in a standardized framework. However, classical MLST schemes for Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, seldom reveal diversity among the small number of gene targets and thereby fail to delineate population structure. To improve the discriminatory power of allele-based molecular typing of B. pertussis, we have developed a whole-genome MLST (wgMLST) scheme from 225 reference-quality genome assemblies. Iterative refinement and allele curation resulted in a scheme of 3,506 coding sequences and covering 81.4% of the B. pertussis genome. This wgMLST scheme was further evaluated with data from a convenience sample of 2,389 B. pertussis isolates sequenced on Illumina instruments, including isolates from known outbreaks and epidemics previously characterized by existing molecular assays, as well as replicates collected from individual patients. wgMLST demonstrated concordance with whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiles, accurately resolved outbreak and sporadic cases in a retrospective comparison, and clustered replicate isolates collected from individual patients during diagnostic confirmation. Additionally, a reanalysis of isolates from two statewide epidemics using wgMLST reconstructed the population structures of circulating strains with increased resolution, revealing new clusters of related cases. Comparison with an existing core genome (cgMLST) scheme highlights the stable gene content of this bacterium and forms the initial foundation for necessary standardization. These results demonstrate the utility of wgMLST for improving B. pertussis characterization and genomic surveillance during the current pertussis disease resurgence.
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31
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da Silva Antunes R, Soldevila F, Pomaznoy M, Babor M, Bennett J, Tian Y, Khalil N, Qian Y, Mandava A, Scheuermann RH, Cortese M, Pulendran B, Petro CD, Gilkes AP, Purcell LA, Sette A, Peters B. A system-view of Bordetella pertussis booster vaccine responses in adults primed with whole-cell versus acellular vaccine in infancy. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141023. [PMID: 33690224 PMCID: PMC8119213 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of whooping cough worldwide suggests that current vaccination against Bordetella pertussis infection has limitations in quality and duration of protection. The resurgence of infection has been linked to the introduction of acellular vaccines (aP), which have an improved safety profile compared with the previously used whole-cell (wP) vaccines. To determine immunological differences between aP and wP priming in infancy, we performed a systems approach of the immune response to booster vaccination. Transcriptomic, proteomic, cytometric, and serologic profiling revealed multiple shared immune responses with different kinetics across cohorts, including an increase of blood monocyte frequencies and strong antigen-specific IgG responses. Additionally, we found a prominent subset of aP-primed individuals (30%) with a strong differential signature, including higher levels of expression for CCL3, NFKBIA, and ICAM1. Contrary to the wP individuals, this subset displayed increased PT-specific IgE responses after boost and higher antigen-specific IgG4 and IgG3 antibodies against FHA and FIM2/3 at baseline and after boost. Overall, the results show that, while broad immune response patterns to Tdap boost overlap between aP- and wP-primed individuals, a subset of aP-primed individuals present a divergent response. These findings provide candidate targets to study the causes and correlates of waning immunity after aP vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ferran Soldevila
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mikhail Pomaznoy
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mariana Babor
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason Bennett
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Natalie Khalil
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yu Qian
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Richard H Scheuermann
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mario Cortese
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa A Purcell
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.,University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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32
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, remains a major public health problem, despite high vaccination coverage. Furthermore, the disease incidence has increased recently, especially in countries that have switched from whole-cell to acellular pertussis vaccines. AREAS COVERED Here, we provide a state-of-the art summary of the reasons for the pertussis resurgence and discuss potential solutions using current vaccines and challenges for the development of novel vaccines. PubMed was searched for publications with the terms pertussis and vaccines. Many new vaccine candidates are proposed but most have not reached clinical development. Most of them induce strong systemic immune responses and protection in mice. However, since B. pertussis is a mucosal pathogen, albeit with systemic effects, local immunity may be crucial to prevent B. pertussis infection and transmission. Recent efforts have focused on vaccine candidates able to induce immunity in the nasal cavity, and one of them is currently in clinical development. EXPERT COMMENTARY New pertussis vaccines are needed to durably control the disease and circulation of B. pertussis. A major challenge is to prove efficacy against disease in randomized controlled trials, while it is feasible to provide evidence for prevention of infection, since asymptomatic carriage of B. pertussis is wide spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur De Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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33
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Dan JM, Mateus J, Kato Y, Hastie KM, Yu ED, Faliti CE, Grifoni A, Ramirez SI, Haupt S, Frazier A, Nakao C, Rayaprolu V, Rawlings SA, Peters B, Krammer F, Simon V, Saphire EO, Smith DM, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Crotty S. Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection. Science 2021; 371:eabf4063. [PMID: 33408181 PMCID: PMC7919858 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1810] [Impact Index Per Article: 603.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding immune memory to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for improving diagnostics and vaccines and for assessing the likely future course of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed multiple compartments of circulating immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in 254 samples from 188 COVID-19 cases, including 43 samples at ≥6 months after infection. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) to the spike protein was relatively stable over 6+ months. Spike-specific memory B cells were more abundant at 6 months than at 1 month after symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells declined with a half-life of 3 to 5 months. By studying antibody, memory B cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 in an integrated manner, we observed that each component of SARS-CoV-2 immune memory exhibited distinct kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Dan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jose Mateus
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yu Kato
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kathryn M Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Esther Dawen Yu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caterina E Faliti
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sydney I Ramirez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sonya Haupt
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - April Frazier
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Catherine Nakao
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vamseedhar Rayaprolu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen A Rawlings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Davey M Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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34
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Balhuizen MD, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Outer Membrane Vesicle Induction and Isolation for Vaccine Development. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:629090. [PMID: 33613498 PMCID: PMC7889600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.629090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria release vesicular structures from their outer membrane, so called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs have a variety of functions such as waste disposal, communication, and antigen or toxin delivery. These vesicles are the promising structures for vaccine development since OMVs carry many surface antigens that are identical to the bacterial surface. However, isolation is often difficult and results in low yields. Several methods to enhance OMV yield exist, but these do affect the resulting OMVs. In this review, our current knowledge about OMVs will be presented. Different methods to induce OMVs will be reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. The effects of the induction and isolation methods used in several immunological studies on OMVs will be compared. Finally, the challenges for OMV-based vaccine development will be examined and one example of a successful OMV-based vaccine will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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35
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Bartelme RR. Anthroposophic Medicine: A Short Monograph and Narrative Review-Foundations, Essential Characteristics, Scientific Basis, Safety, Effectiveness and Misconceptions. Glob Adv Health Med 2020; 9:2164956120973634. [PMID: 33457106 PMCID: PMC7783888 DOI: 10.1177/2164956120973634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anthroposophic medicine is a form of integrative medicine that originated in Europe but is not well known in the US. It is comprehensive and heterogenous in scope and remains provocative and controversial in many academic circles. Assessment of the nature and potential contribution of anthroposophic medicine to whole person care and global health seems appropriate. METHODS Because of the heterogenous and multifaceted character of anthroposophic medicine, a narrative review format was chosen. A Health Technology Assessment of anthroposophic medicine in 2006 was reviewed and used as a starting point. A Medline search from 2006 to July 2020 was performed using various search terms and restricted to English. Books, articles, reviews and websites were assessed for clinical relevance and interest to the general reader. Abstracts of German language articles were reviewed when available. Reference lists of articles and the author's personal references were also consulted. RESULTS The literature on anthroposophic medicine is vast, providing new ways of thinking, a holistic view of the world, and many integrating concepts useful in medicine. In the last ∼20 years there has been a growing research base and implementation of many anthroposophical concepts in the integrated care of patients. Books and articles relevant to describing the foundations, scientific status, safety, effectiveness and criticisms of anthroposophic medicine are discussed. DISCUSSION An objective and comprehensive analysis of anthroposophic medicine finds it provocative, stimulating and potentially fruitful as an integrative system for whole person care, including under-recognized life processes and psychospiritual aspects of human beings. It has a legitimate, new type of scientific status as well as documented safety and effectiveness in some areas of its multimodal approach. Criticisms and controversies of anthroposophic medicine are often a result of lack of familiarity with its methods and approach and/or come from historically fixed ideas of what constitutes legitimate science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo R Bartelme
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical
School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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36
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Pollard AJ, Bijker EM. A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 21:83-100. [PMID: 33353987 PMCID: PMC7754704 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 620] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunization is a cornerstone of public health policy and is demonstrably highly cost-effective when used to protect child health. Although it could be argued that immunology has not thus far contributed much to vaccine development, in that most of the vaccines we use today were developed and tested empirically, it is clear that there are major challenges ahead to develop new vaccines for difficult-to-target pathogens, for which we urgently need a better understanding of protective immunity. Moreover, recognition of the huge potential and challenges for vaccines to control disease outbreaks and protect the older population, together with the availability of an array of new technologies, make it the perfect time for immunologists to be involved in designing the next generation of powerful immunogens. This Review provides an introductory overview of vaccines, immunization and related issues and thereby aims to inform a broad scientific audience about the underlying immunological concepts. This Review, aimed at a broad scientific audience, provides an introductory guide to the history, development and immunological basis of vaccines, immunization and related issues to provide insight into the challenges facing immunologists who are designing the next generation of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Else M Bijker
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
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37
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Dan JM, Mateus J, Kato Y, Hastie KM, Yu ED, Faliti CE, Grifoni A, Ramirez SI, Haupt S, Frazier A, Nakao C, Rayaprolu V, Rawlings SA, Peters B, Krammer F, Simon V, Saphire EO, Smith DM, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Crotty S. Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to eight months after infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.11.15.383323. [PMID: 33442687 PMCID: PMC7805444 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.15.383323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 is critical for improving diagnostics and vaccines, and for assessing the likely future course of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed multiple compartments of circulating immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in 254 samples from 188 COVID-19 cases, including 43 samples at ≥ 6 months post-infection. IgG to the Spike protein was relatively stable over 6+ months. Spike-specific memory B cells were more abundant at 6 months than at 1 month post symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells declined with a half-life of 3-5 months. By studying antibody, memory B cell, CD4 + T cell, and CD8 + T cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 in an integrated manner, we observed that each component of SARS-CoV-2 immune memory exhibited distinct kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Dan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jose Mateus
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yu Kato
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Esther Dawen Yu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caterina E. Faliti
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sydney I. Ramirez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sonya Haupt
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - April Frazier
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Catherine Nakao
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vamseedhar Rayaprolu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen A. Rawlings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Davey M. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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38
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Ismail MB, Omari SA, Rafei R, Dabboussi F, Hamze M. COVID-19 in children: Could pertussis vaccine play the protective role? Med Hypotheses 2020; 145:110305. [PMID: 33032174 PMCID: PMC7521348 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While COVID-19 continues to spread across the globe, diligent efforts are made to understand its attributes and dynamics to help develop treatment and prevention measures. The paradox pertaining to children being the least affected by severe illness poses exciting opportunities to investigate potential protective factors. In this paper, we propose that childhood vaccination against pertussis (whooping cough) might play a non-specific protective role against COVID-19 through heterologous adaptive responses in this young population. Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable infectious disease of the respiratory tract and it shares many similarities with COVID-19 including transmission and clinical features. Although pertussis is caused by a bacterium (Bordetella pertussis) while COVID-19 is a viral infection (SARS-CoV-2), previous data showed that cross-reactivity and heterologous adaptive responses can be seen with unrelated agents of highly divergent groups, such as between bacteria and viruses. While we build the arguments of this hypothesis on theoretical and previous empirical evidence, we also outline suggested lines of research from different fields to test its credibility. Besides, we highlight some concerns that may arise when attempting to consider such an approach as a potential public health preventive intervention against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Bachar Ismail
- Laboratoire Microbiologie, Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon; Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Al Omari
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rayane Rafei
- Laboratoire Microbiologie, Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Dabboussi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie, Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie, Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.
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39
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Chasaide CN, Mills KH. Next-Generation Pertussis Vaccines Based on the Induction of Protective T Cells in the Respiratory Tract. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E621. [PMID: 33096737 PMCID: PMC7711671 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization with current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines protects against severe pertussis, but immunity wanes rapidly after vaccination and these vaccines do not prevent nasal colonization with Bordetella pertussis. Studies in mouse and baboon models have demonstrated that Th1 and Th17 responses are integral to protective immunity induced by previous infection with B. pertussis and immunization with whole cell pertussis (wP) vaccines. Mucosal Th17 cells, IL-17 and secretory IgA (sIgA) are particularly important in generating sustained sterilizing immunity in the nasal cavity. Current aP vaccines induce potent IgG and Th2-skewed T cell responses but are less effective at generating Th1 and Th17 responses and fail to prime respiratory tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, that maintain long-term immunity at mucosal sites. In contrast, a live attenuated pertussis vaccine, pertussis outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines or aP vaccines formulated with novel adjuvants do induce cellular immune responses in the respiratory tract, especially when delivered by the intranasal route. An increased understanding of the mechanisms of sustained protective immunity, especially the role of respiratory TRM cells, will facilitate the development of next generation pertussis vaccines that not only protect against pertussis disease, but prevent nasal colonization and transmission of B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kingston H.G. Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
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40
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Shortening the Lipid A Acyl Chains of Bordetella pertussis Enables Depletion of Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxic Activity. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040594. [PMID: 33050234 PMCID: PMC7712016 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whooping cough, or pertussis, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Whole-cell vaccines, which were introduced in the fifties of the previous century and proved to be effective, showed considerable reactogenicity and were replaced by subunit vaccines around the turn of the century. However, there is a considerable increase in the number of cases in industrialized countries. A possible strategy to improve vaccine-induced protection is the development of new, non-toxic, whole-cell pertussis vaccines. The reactogenicity of whole-cell pertussis vaccines is, to a large extent, derived from the lipid A moiety of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the bacteria. Here, we engineered B. pertussis strains with altered lipid A structures by expressing genes for the acyltransferases LpxA, LpxD, and LpxL from other bacteria resulting in altered acyl-chain length at various positions. Whole cells and extracted LPS from the strains with shorter acyl chains showed reduced or no activation of the human Toll-like receptor 4 in HEK-Blue reporter cells, whilst a longer acyl chain increased activation. Pyrogenicity studies in rabbits confirmed the in vitro assays. These findings pave the way for the development of a new generation of whole-cell pertussis vaccines with acceptable side effects.
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41
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da Silva Antunes R, Quiambao LG, Soldevila F, Sutherland A, Peters B, Sette A. Lack of evidence supporting a role of IFN-β and TGF-β in differential polarization of Bordetella pertussis specific-T cell responses. Cytokine 2020; 137:155313. [PMID: 33002739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella Pertussis (BP) vaccine-induced immunity is waning worldwide despite excellent vaccine coverage. Replacement of the whole-cell inactivated vaccine (wP) by an acellular subunit vaccine (aP) is thought to play a major role and to be associated with the recurrence of whooping cough. Previously, we detected that the polarization towards a Th2 and Th1/Th17 response in aP and wP vaccinees, respectively, persists upon aP boosting in adolescents and adults. Additionally, IL-9 and TGF-β were found to be up-regulated in aP-primed donors and network analysis further identified IFN-β as a potential upstream regulator of IL-17 and IL-9. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that IFN-β produced following aP vaccination may lead to increased IL-9 and decreased IL-17 production. Also, due to the well characterized role of TGF-β in both Th17 and Th9 differentiation, we put forth that TGF-β addition to BP-stimulated CD4 + T cells might modulate IL-17 and IL-9 production. To test this hypothesis, we stimulated in vitro cultures of PBMC or isolated naive CD4 + T cells from aP vs wP donors with a pool of BP epitopes and assessed the effect of IFN-β or TGF-β in proliferative responses as well as in the cytokine secretion of IL-4, IL-9, IL-17, and IFN-γ. IFN-β reduced BP-specific proliferation in PBMC as well as cytokine production but increased IL-9, IL-4, and IFN-γ cytokines in naïve CD4 + T cells. These effects were independent of the childhood vaccination received by the donors. Similarly, TGF-β reduced BP-specific proliferation in PBMC but induced proliferation in naïve CD4 + T cells. However, stimulation was associated with a generalized inhibition of cytokine production regardless of the original aP or wP vaccination received by the donors. Our study suggests that key T cell functions such as cytokine secretion are under the control of antigen stimulation and environmental cues but molecular pathways different than the ones investigated here might underlie the long-lasting differential cytokine production associated with aP- vs wP-priming in childhood vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo G Quiambao
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ferran Soldevila
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aaron Sutherland
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States; School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States; School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra R. Fullen
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kacy S. Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RD); (PD)
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RD); (PD)
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43
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Raeven RHM, Rockx-Brouwer D, Kanojia G, van der Maas L, Bindels THE, Ten Have R, van Riet E, Metz B, Kersten GFA. Intranasal immunization with outer membrane vesicle pertussis vaccine confers broad protection through mucosal IgA and Th17 responses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7396. [PMID: 32355188 PMCID: PMC7192948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A vaccine based on outer membrane vesicles of pertussis (omvPV) is protective in a mouse-challenge model and induces a broad antibody and mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 response against multiple antigens following subcutaneous immunization. However, this route did not result in mucosal immunity and did not prevent nasopharyngeal colonization. In this study, we explored the potential of intranasal immunization with omvPV. Only intranasal immunization induced strong mucosal immune responses that encompasses enhanced pulmonary and nasal IgA antibody levels, mainly directed against Vag8 and LPS. Furthermore, high numbers of IgA- and IgG-producing plasma cells were detected as well as lung-resident IgA memory B-cells. Finally, only intranasal immunization induced pulmonary Th1/Th17-related cytokine responses. The magnitude and type of systemic immunity was comparable between both routes and included high systemic IgG antibody levels, strong IgG-producing plasma cell responses, memory B-cells residing in the spleen and systemic Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokine responses. Importantly, only intranasal immunization prevented colonization in both the lungs and the nasal cavity. In conclusion, intranasal omvPV immunization induces mucosal IgA and Th17-mediated responses without influencing the systemic immunity profile. These responses resulted in prevention of Bordetella pertussis colonization in the respiratory tract, including the nasal cavity, thereby potentially preventing transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- René H M Raeven
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Gaurav Kanojia
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tim H E Bindels
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rimko Ten Have
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elly van Riet
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Metz
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F A Kersten
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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44
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Sekhavati M, Mobarez AM, Siadat SD, Noofeli M. A novel method for the extraction of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Bordetella pertussis Tohama strain. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 12:37-42. [PMID: 32322378 PMCID: PMC7163034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There are many pertussis outbreaks which is mainly due to the reduction in the immunity of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines. Therefore, there is a crucial necessity to develop a new generation of pertussis vaccine. Preceding researches have shown that Bordetella pertussis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have appropriate specifications, making them a suitable vaccine candidate against pertussis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The OMVs were separated by a new serial ultra centrifugation technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and ELISA assay were used to characterize the OMVs. RESULTS TEM studies showed the size of the extracted OMVs at 40-200 nm. The presence of pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin was verified using Western blot and ELISA assay. CONCLUSION The presented technique is a simple and effective way to obtain OMVs from Bordetella pertussis. So it can be utilized as an appropriate procedure in the development of an OMV-based vaccine against pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sekhavati
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez, PhD, Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-82883862, Fax: +98-21-82884555,
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC) Pasteur, Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Noofeli
- Department of Human Bacterial Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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45
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Willis E, Pardi N, Parkhouse K, Mui BL, Tam YK, Weissman D, Hensley SE. Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccination partially overcomes maternal antibody inhibition of de novo immune responses in mice. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaav5701. [PMID: 31915303 PMCID: PMC7339908 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav5701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maternal antibodies provide short-term protection to infants against many infections. However, they can inhibit de novo antibody responses in infants elicited by infections or vaccination, leading to increased long-term susceptibility to infectious diseases. Thus, there is a need to develop vaccines that are able to elicit protective immune responses in the presence of antigen-specific maternal antibodies. Here, we used a mouse model to demonstrate that influenza virus-specific maternal antibodies inhibited de novo antibody responses in mouse pups elicited by influenza virus infection or administration of conventional influenza vaccines. We found that a recently developed influenza vaccine, nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP), partially overcame this inhibition by maternal antibodies. The mRNA-LNP influenza vaccine established long-lived germinal centers in the mouse pups and elicited stronger antibody responses than did a conventional influenza vaccine approved for use in humans. Vaccination with mRNA-LNP vaccines may offer a promising strategy for generating robust immune responses in infants in the presence of maternal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Willis
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kaela Parkhouse
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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46
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Gestal MC, Johnson HM, Harvill ET. Immunomodulation as a Novel Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Bordetella spp. Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2869. [PMID: 31921136 PMCID: PMC6923730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-adapted pathogens have evolved to survive the many challenges of a robust immune response. Defending against all host antimicrobials simultaneously would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, so many co-evolved organisms utilize immunomodulatory tools to subvert, distract, and/or evade the host immune response. Bordetella spp. present many examples of the diversity of immunomodulators and an exceptional experimental system in which to study them. Recent advances in this experimental system suggest strategies for interventions that tweak immunity to disrupt bacterial immunomodulation, engaging more effective host immunity to better prevent and treat infections. Here we review advances in the understanding of respiratory pathogens, with special focus on Bordetella spp., and prospects for the use of immune-stimulatory interventions in the prevention and treatment of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Gestal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hannah M Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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47
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Najminejad H, Kalantar SM, Mokarram AR, Dabaghian M, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Ebrahimi SM, Tebianian M, Fasihi Ramandi M, Sheikhha MH. Bordetella pertussis antigens encapsulated into N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticulate systems as a novel intranasal pertussis vaccine. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2605-2611. [PMID: 31240957 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1629948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense against Bordetella pertussis. Intranasal vaccination, due to its potential to induce systemic and mucosal immune responses, appears to prevent the initial adherence and colonization of the bacteria at the first point of contact. In the present study, two B. pertussis antigens, pertussis Toxoid (PTd) and Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), which play a very significant role in virulence and protection against pertussis, were encapsulate into N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) nanoparticulate systems. After preparation of TMC nanoparticles (NPs), the NPs were characterized and their ability to induce efficient immune responses against B. pertussis was studied in a mouse model. Our findings showed that PTd + FHA-loaded TMC NPs have strong ability to induce IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ, IgG, and IgA in the mouse model. Results from this study suggest that nasal administration of the PTd + FHA-loaded TMC NPs induced not only a systemic immune response but also a local mucosal response, which may improve the efficacy of pertussis prevention through respiratory tract transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Najminejad
- a Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Kalantar
- a Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei Mokarram
- b Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI) , Karaj , Iran
| | - Mehran Dabaghian
- c Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Seyyed Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- c Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Majid Tebianian
- b Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI) , Karaj , Iran
| | - Mahdi Fasihi Ramandi
- e Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha
- a Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
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48
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Piot P, Larson HJ, O'Brien KL, N'kengasong J, Ng E, Sow S, Kampmann B. Immunization: vital progress, unfinished agenda. Nature 2019; 575:119-129. [PMID: 31695203 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination against infectious diseases has changed the future of the human species, saving millions of lives every year, both children and adults, and providing major benefits to society as a whole. Here we show, however, that national and sub-national coverage of vaccination varies greatly and major unmet needs persist. Although scientific progress opens exciting perspectives in terms of new vaccines, the pathway from discovery to sustainable implementation can be long and difficult, from the financing, development and licensing to programme implementation and public acceptance. Immunization is one of the best investments in health and should remain a priority for research, industry, public health and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Piot
- Office of the Director, Vaccine Centre and Vaccine Confidence Project, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Heidi J Larson
- Office of the Director, Vaccine Centre and Vaccine Confidence Project, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katherine L O'Brien
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John N'kengasong
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Edmond Ng
- Office of the Director, Vaccine Centre and Vaccine Confidence Project, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Samba Sow
- Center for Vaccine Development, Bamako, Mali
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Office of the Director, Vaccine Centre and Vaccine Confidence Project, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,MRC Unit The Gambia at the LSHTM, Banjul, The Gambia
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49
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Basov AA, Tsvirkun OV, Gerasimova AG, Zekoreeva AK. The problem of pertussis in some regions of the world. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2019-2-354-362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis infection remains a high-priority issue both for Russian health care and abroad. A rise of pertussis incidence in various human age groups instigates a search for new ways to fight this infection and improve methods for its laboratory diagnostics. By taking into consideration a short-term effect induced by acellular and whole-cell vaccines, a feasibility of introducing the second or even the third pertussis revaccination is vigorously debated. Objective of the study was to analyze the experience and effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccines in countries, which use the second and third pertussis revaccination in the National Immunization Schedule in order to have an insight into adjusting strategy and tactics of pertussis immunization In Russia. Analyzing pertussis prevalence demonstrated that despite a wide immunization coverage pertussis incidence in the last years (2008–2015) was increased in a large number of countries in the European region, as well as inAustralia,CanadaandUSA. However, the reasons for elevated pertussis incidence have not been clarified yet. On one hand, it may be accounted for by low vaccination coverage in adolescents and adults; weakened immune protection after vaccination; genetic changes in Bordetella pertussis; shortened durability of protective immunity in children vaccinated with acellular vs. whole-cell vaccine; improved monitoring and morbidity reporting, as well as improved laboratory diagnostics due to shifting from serological and bacteriological to molecular genetic assays. In an attempt to solve this issue, researchers from several countries collaborate to discuss and develop a strategy to reduce pertussis incidence. ForRussia, the most important is to empower and/or improve existing infant immunization strategy in order to provide wide coverage with the four dose pertussis vaccine for decreasing the risk of pertussis morbidity and mortality. It is worth noting the “cocoon” strategy given the high risk of pertussis infection in children of the first months of life. We believe that forRussiait is worth investigating an opportunity of using children 2–3 months of life an acellular vaccine as the first vaccination, which is expected to increase the coverage of this cohort and allow to increase proportion of children who might complete vaccination by 5 months of age. At the same time, more reasonable might be to preserve a number of age groups for pertussis vaccination in the current National Immunization Schedule, as expanding age limits for vaccination might put a risk at increasing pertussis morbidity in older individuals, which could be hard to diagnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A Basov
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - O. V Tsvirkun
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - A. G Gerasimova
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - A. K Zekoreeva
- Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Moscow in the Northern District
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50
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Auderset F, Ballester M, Mastelic-Gavillet B, Fontannaz P, Chabaud-Riou M, Reveneau N, Garinot M, Mistretta N, Liu Y, Lambert PH, Ochs M, Siegrist CA. Reactivating Immunity Primed by Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in the Absence of Circulating Antibodies: Enhanced Bacterial Control by TLR9 Rather Than TLR4 Agonist-Including Formulation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1520. [PMID: 31333656 PMCID: PMC6618515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is still observed in many countries despite of high vaccine coverage. Acellular pertussis (aP) vaccination is widely implemented in many countries as primary series in infants and as boosters in school-entry/adolescents/adults (including pregnant women in some). One novel strategy to improve the reactivation of aP-vaccine primed immunity could be to include genetically- detoxified pertussis toxin and novel adjuvants in aP vaccine boosters. Their preclinical evaluation is not straightforward, as it requires mimicking the human situation where T and B memory cells may persist longer than vaccine-induced circulating antibodies. Toward this objective, we developed a novel murine model including two consecutive adoptive transfers of the memory cells induced by priming and boosting, respectively. Using this model, we assessed the capacity of three novel aP vaccine candidates including genetically-detoxified pertussis toxin, pertactin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and fimbriae adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide, supplemented—or not—with Toll-Like-Receptor 4 or 9 agonists (TLR4A, TLR9A), to reactivate aP vaccine-induced immune memory and protection, reflected by bacterial clearance. In the conventional murine immunization model, TLR4A- and TLR9A-containing aP formulations induced similar aP-specific IgG antibody responses and protection against bacterial lung colonization as current aP vaccines, despite IL-5 down-modulation by both TLR4A and TLR9A and IL-17 up-modulation by TLR4A. In the absence of serum antibodies at time of boosting or exposure, TLR4A- and TLR9A-containing formulations both enhanced vaccine antibody recall compared to current aP formulations. Unexpectedly, however, protection was only increased by the TLR9A-containing vaccine, through both earlier bacterial control and accelerated clearance. This suggests that TLR9A-containing aP vaccines may better reactivate aP vaccine-primed pertussis memory and enhance protection than current or TLR4A-adjuvanted aP vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Auderset
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Ballester
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Fontannaz
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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