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Ivanova A, Atakpa-Adaji P, Rao S, Marti-Solano M, Taylor CW. Dual regulation of IP 3 receptors by IP 3 and PIP 2 controls the transition from local to global Ca 2+ signals. Mol Cell 2024; 84:3997-4015.e7. [PMID: 39366376 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
The spatial organization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-evoked Ca2+ signals underlies their versatility. Low stimulus intensities evoke Ca2+ puffs, localized Ca2+ signals arising from a few IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) within a cluster tethered beneath the plasma membrane. More intense stimulation evokes global Ca2+ signals. Ca2+ signals propagate regeneratively as the Ca2+ released stimulates more IP3Rs. How is this potentially explosive mechanism constrained to allow local Ca2+ signaling? We developed methods that allow IP3 produced after G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activation to be intercepted and replaced by flash photolysis of a caged analog of IP3. We find that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) primes IP3Rs to respond by partially occupying their IP3-binding sites. As GPCRs stimulate IP3 formation, they also deplete PIP2, relieving the priming stimulus. Loss of PIP2 resets IP3R sensitivity and delays the transition from local to global Ca2+ signals. Dual regulation of IP3Rs by PIP2 and IP3 through GPCRs controls the transition from local to global Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK.
| | - Peace Atakpa-Adaji
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Shanlin Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Maria Marti-Solano
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
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Sheeler C, Labrada E, Duvick L, Thompson LM, Zhang Y, Orr HT, Cvetanovic M. Expanded ATXN1 alters transcription and calcium signaling in SCA1 human motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 201:106673. [PMID: 39307401 PMCID: PMC11514977 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a dominantly inherited and lethal neurodegenerative disease caused by the abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the ATAXIN-1 (ATXN1) gene. Pathological studies identified dysfunction and loss of motor neurons (MNs) in the brain stem and spinal cord, which are thought to contribute to premature lethality by affecting the swallowing and breathing of SCA1 patients. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of MN pathogenesis remain unknown. To study SCA1 pathogenesis in human MNs, we differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from SCA1 patients and their unaffected siblings into MNs. We examined proliferation of progenitor cells, neurite outgrowth, spontaneous and glutamate-induced calcium activity of SCA1 MNs to investigate cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis. RNA sequencing was then used to identify transcriptional alterations in iPSC-derived MN progenitors (pMNs) and MNs which could underlie functional changes in SCA1 MNs. We found significantly decreased spontaneous and evoked calcium activity and identified dysregulation of genes regulating calcium signaling in SCA1 MNs. These results indicate that expanded ATXN1 causes dysfunctional calcium signaling in human MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Sheeler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Emmanuel Labrada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Lisa Duvick
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Harry T Orr
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Department of Lab Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
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Hou X, Liang X, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Xu M, Luo Y, Fan T, Zhang Y, Ye T, Zhou K, Shi J, Li M, Li L. Investigation of local stimulation effects of embedding PGLA at Zusanli (ST36) acupoint in rats based on TRPV2 and TRPV4 ion channels. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1469142. [PMID: 39445077 PMCID: PMC11496267 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1469142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acupoint Catgut Embedding (ACE) is an extended and developed form of traditional acupuncture that serves as a composite stimulation therapy for various diseases. However, its local stimulation effects on acupoints remain unclear. Acupuncture can activate mechanically sensitive calcium ion channels, TRPV2 and TRPV4, located on various cell membranes, promoting Ca2+ influx in acupoint tissues to exert effects. Whether ACE can form mechanical physical stimulation to regulate these channels and the related linkage effect requires validation. Methods This study investigates the influence of TRPV2 and TRPV4 ion channels on the local stimulation effects of ACE by embedding PGLA suture at the Zusanli (ST36) acupoint in rats and using TRPV2 and TRPV4 inhibitors. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and Real-time quantitative PCR were employed to detect intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence intensity, the expression of macrophage (Mac) CD68 and mast cell (MC) tryptase, as well as the protein and mRNA expression of TRPV2 and TRPV4 in acupoint tissues after PGLA embedding. Results The results indicate that ACE using PGLA suture significantly increases the mRNA and protein expression of TRPV2 and TRPV4, Ca2+ fluorescence intensity, and the expression of Mac CD68 and MC tryptase in acupoint tissues, with these effects diminishing over time. The increasing trends are reduced after using inhibitors, particularly when both inhibitors are used simultaneously. Furthermore, correlation analysis shows that embedding PGLA suture at the ST36 acupoint regulates Mac and MC functions through Ca2+ signaling involving not only TRPV2 and TRPV4 but multiple pathways. Discussion These results suggest that embedding PGLA suture at the ST36 acupoint generates mechanical physical stimulation and regulates TRPV2 and TRPV4 ion channels, which couple with Ca2+ signaling to form a linkage effect that gradually weakens over time. This provides new reference data for further studies on the stimulation effects and clinical promotion of ACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunrui Hou
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuwei Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Weihai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weihai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tongtao Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Kean Zhou
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiahui Shi
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Min Li
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Lemos FO, de Ridder I, Wagner L, Bootman MD, Bultynck G, Yule DI, Parys JB. Tetrameric, active PKM2 inhibits IP 3 receptors, potentially requiring GRP75 as an additional interaction partner. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119796. [PMID: 39038610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key glycolytic enzyme interacting with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R). This interaction suppresses IP3R-mediated cytosolic [Ca2+] rises. As PKM2 exists in monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric forms displaying different properties including catalytic activity, we investigated the molecular determinants of PKM2 enabling its interaction with IP3Rs. Treatment of HeLa cells with TEPP-46, a compound stabilizing the tetrameric form of PKM2, increased both its catalytic activity and the suppression of IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signals. Consistently, in PKM2 knock-out HeLa cells, PKM2C424L, a tetrameric, highly active PKM2 mutant, but not inactive PKM2K270M or the less active PKM2K305Q, suppressed IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release. Surprisingly, however, in vitro assays did not reveal a direct interaction between purified PKM2 and either the purified Fragment 5 of IP3R1 (a.a. 1932-2216) or the therein located D5SD peptide (a.a. 2078-2098 of IP3R1), the presumed interaction sites of PKM2 on the IP3R. Moreover, on-nucleus patch clamp of heterologously expressed IP3R1 in DT40 cells devoid of endogenous IP3Rs did not reveal any functional effect of purified wild-type PKM2, mutant PKM2 or PKM1 proteins. These results indicate that an additional factor mediates the regulation of the IP3R by PKM2 in cellulo. Immunoprecipitation of GRP75 using HeLa cell lysates co-precipitated IP3R1, IP3R3 and PKM2. Moreover, the D5SD peptide not only disrupted PKM2:IP3R, but also PKM2:GRP75 and GRP75:IP3R interactions. Our data therefore support a model in which catalytically active, tetrameric PKM2 suppresses Ca2+ signaling via the IP3R through a multiprotein complex involving GRP75.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O Lemos
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 - B802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ian de Ridder
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 - B802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Larry Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Martin D Bootman
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 - B802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jan B Parys
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 - B802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Munteanu C, Popescu C, Vlădulescu-Trandafir AI, Onose G. Signaling Paradigms of H 2S-Induced Vasodilation: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1158. [PMID: 39456412 PMCID: PMC11505308 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gas traditionally considered toxic, is now recognized as a vital endogenous signaling molecule with a complex physiology. This comprehensive study encompasses a systematic literature review that explores the intricate mechanisms underlying H2S-induced vasodilation. The vasodilatory effects of H2S are primarily mediated by activating ATP-sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channels, leading to membrane hyperpolarization and subsequent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Additionally, H2S inhibits L-type calcium channels, reducing calcium influx and diminishing VSMC contraction. Beyond ion channel modulation, H2S profoundly impacts cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways. It stimulates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), increasing the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Elevated cGMP levels activate protein kinase G (PKG), which phosphorylates downstream targets like vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and promotes smooth muscle relaxation. The synergy between H2S and nitric oxide (NO) signaling further amplifies vasodilation. H2S enhances NO bioavailability by inhibiting its degradation and stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, increasing cGMP levels and potent vasodilatory responses. Protein sulfhydration, a post-translational modification, plays a crucial role in cell signaling. H2S S-sulfurates oxidized cysteine residues, while polysulfides (H2Sn) are responsible for S-sulfurating reduced cysteine residues. Sulfhydration of key proteins like K_ATP channels and sGC enhances their activity, contributing to the overall vasodilatory effect. Furthermore, H2S interaction with endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) pathways adds another layer to its vasodilatory mechanism. By enhancing EDHF activity, H2S facilitates the hyperpolarization and relaxation of VSMCs through gap junctions between endothelial cells and VSMCs. Recent findings suggest that H2S can also modulate transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, particularly TRPV4 channels, in endothelial cells. Activating these channels by H2S promotes calcium entry, stimulating the production of vasodilatory agents like NO and prostacyclin, thereby regulating vascular tone. The comprehensive understanding of H2S-induced vasodilation mechanisms highlights its therapeutic potential. The multifaceted approach of H2S in modulating vascular tone presents a promising strategy for developing novel treatments for hypertension, ischemic conditions, and other vascular disorders. The interaction of H2S with ion channels, cyclic nucleotide signaling, NO pathways, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) scavenging, protein sulfhydration, and EDHF underscores its complexity and therapeutic relevance. In conclusion, the intricate signaling paradigms of H2S-induced vasodilation offer valuable insights into its physiological role and therapeutic potential, promising innovative approaches for managing various vascular diseases through the modulation of vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Munteanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700454 Iași, Romania
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Clinic Division, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.V.-T.); (G.O.)
| | - Cristina Popescu
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Clinic Division, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.V.-T.); (G.O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Iulia Vlădulescu-Trandafir
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Clinic Division, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.V.-T.); (G.O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gelu Onose
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Clinic Division, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.V.-T.); (G.O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania
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Narayanasamy S, Ong HL, Ambudkar IS. A Deep Dive into the N-Terminus of STIM Proteins: Structure-Function Analysis and Evolutionary Significance of the Functional Domains. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1200. [PMID: 39456133 PMCID: PMC11506743 DOI: 10.3390/biom14101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an important second messenger that is involved in almost all cellular processes. Disruptions in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) adversely impact normal physiological function and can contribute to various diseased conditions. STIM and Orai proteins play important roles in maintaining [Ca2+]i through store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), with STIM being the primary regulatory protein that governs the function of Orai channels. STIM1 and STIM2 are single-pass ER-transmembrane proteins with their N- and C-termini located in the ER lumen and cytoplasm, respectively. The N-terminal EF-SAM domain of STIMs senses [Ca2+]ER changes, while the C-terminus mediates clustering in ER-PM junctions and gating of Orai1. ER-Ca2+ store depletion triggers activation of the STIM proteins, which involves their multimerization and clustering in ER-PM junctions, where they recruit and activate Orai1 channels. In this review, we will discuss the structure, organization, and function of EF-hand motifs and the SAM domain of STIM proteins in relation to those of other eukaryotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Indu S. Ambudkar
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1190, USA; (S.N.); (H.L.O.)
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Peters K, Staehlke S, Rebl H, Jonitz-Heincke A, Hahn O. Impact of Metal Ions on Cellular Functions: A Focus on Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10127. [PMID: 39337612 PMCID: PMC11432215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Metals play a crucial role in the human body, especially as ions in metalloproteins. Essential metals, such as calcium, iron, and zinc are crucial for various physiological functions, but their interactions within biological networks are complex and not fully understood. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are essential for tissue regeneration due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types. This review article addresses the effects of physiological and unphysiological, but not directly toxic, metal ion concentrations, particularly concerning MSCs. Overloading or unbalancing of metal ion concentrations can significantly impair the function and differentiation capacity of MSCs. In addition, excessive or unbalanced metal ion concentrations can lead to oxidative stress, which can affect viability or inflammation. Data on the effects of metal ions on MSC differentiation are limited and often contradictory. Future research should, therefore, aim to clarify the mechanisms by which metal ions affect MSC differentiation, focusing on aspects such as metal ion interactions, ion concentrations, exposure duration, and other environmental conditions. Understanding these interactions could ultimately improve the design of biomaterials and implants to promote MSC-mediated tissue regeneration. It could also lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Peters
- Institute of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (H.R.); (O.H.)
| | - Susanne Staehlke
- Institute of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (H.R.); (O.H.)
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Institute of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (H.R.); (O.H.)
| | - Anika Jonitz-Heincke
- Research Laboratory for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Olga Hahn
- Institute of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (H.R.); (O.H.)
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Konry T, Sulllivan M, Rozzo A, Ward A, Rao P, Soler-Ferran D, Greenberg S. Single Cell Droplet-Based Efficacy and Transcriptomic Analysis of a Novel Anti-KLRG1 Antibody for Elimination of Autoreactive T Cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4745216. [PMID: 39281869 PMCID: PMC11398585 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4745216/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Progress in developing improvements in the treatment of autoimmune disease has been gradual, due to challenges presented by the nature of these conditions. Namely, the need to suppress a patient's immune response while maintaining the essential activity of the immune system in controlling disease. Targeted treatments to eliminate the autoreactive immune cells driving disease symptoms present a promising new option for major improvements in treatment efficacy and side effect management. Monoclonal antibody therapies can be applied to target autoreactive immune cells if the cells possess unique surface marker expression patterns. Killer cell lectin like receptor G1 (KLRG1) expression on autoreactive T cells presents an optimal target for this type of cell depleting antibody therapy. In this study, we apply a variety of in vitro screening methods to determine the efficacy of a novel anti-KLRG1 antibody at mediating specific natural killer (NK) cell mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The methods include single-cell droplet microfluidic techniques, allowing timelapse imaging and sorting based on cellular interactions. Included in this study is the development of a novel method of sorting cells using a droplet-sorting platform and a fluorescent calcium dye to separate cells based on CD16 recognition of cell-bound antibody. We applied this novel sorting method to visualize transcriptomic variation between NK cells that are or are not activated by binding the anti-KLRG1 antibody using RNA sequencing. The data in this study reveals a reliable and target-specific cytotoxicity of the cell depleting anti-KLRG1 antibody, and supports our droplet-sorting calcium assay as a novel method of sorting cells based on receptor activation.
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Brands J, Bravo S, Jürgenliemke L, Grätz L, Schihada H, Frechen F, Alenfelder J, Pfeil C, Ohse PG, Hiratsuka S, Kawakami K, Schmacke LC, Heycke N, Inoue A, König G, Pfeifer A, Wachten D, Schulte G, Steinmetzer T, Watts VJ, Gomeza J, Simon K, Kostenis E. A molecular mechanism to diversify Ca 2+ signaling downstream of Gs protein-coupled receptors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7684. [PMID: 39227390 PMCID: PMC11372221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A long-held tenet in inositol-lipid signaling is that cleavage of membrane phosphoinositides by phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) isozymes to increase cytosolic Ca2+ in living cells is exclusive to Gq- and Gi-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here we extend this central tenet and show that Gs-GPCRs also partake in inositol-lipid signaling and thereby increase cytosolic Ca2+. By combining CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to delete Gαs, the adenylyl cyclase isoforms 3 and 6, or the PLCβ1-4 isozymes, with pharmacological and genetic inhibition of Gq and G11, we pin down Gs-derived Gβγ as driver of a PLCβ2/3-mediated cytosolic Ca2+ release module. This module does not require but crosstalks with Gαs-dependent cAMP, demands Gαq to release PLCβ3 autoinhibition, but becomes Gq-independent with mutational disruption of the PLCβ3 autoinhibited state. Our findings uncover the key steps of a previously unappreciated mechanism utilized by mammalian cells to finetune their calcium signaling regulation through Gs-GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Brands
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergi Bravo
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Jürgenliemke
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 2873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Frechen
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Alenfelder
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cy Pfeil
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Georg Ohse
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Suzune Hiratsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Luna C Schmacke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Heycke
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gabriele König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jesús Gomeza
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Simon
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Astashev ME, Serov DA, Tankanag AV, Knyazeva IV, Dorokhov AA, Simakin AV, Gudkov SV. Study of the Synchronization and Transmission of Intracellular Signaling Oscillations in Cells Using Bispectral Analysis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:685. [PMID: 39336112 PMCID: PMC11428995 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The oscillation synchronization analysis in biological systems will expand our knowledge about the response of living systems to changes in environmental conditions. This knowledge can be used in medicine (diagnosis, therapy, monitoring) and agriculture (increasing productivity, resistance to adverse effects). Currently, the search is underway for an informative, accurate and sensitive method for analyzing the synchronization of oscillatory processes in cell biology. It is especially pronounced in analyzing the concentration oscillations of intracellular signaling molecules in electrically nonexcitable cells. The bispectral analysis method could be applied to assess the characteristics of synchronized oscillations of intracellular mediators. We chose endothelial cells from mouse microvessels as model cells. Concentrations of well-studied calcium and nitric oxide (NO) were selected for study in control conditions and well-described stress: heating to 40 °C and hyperglycemia. The bispectral analysis allows us to accurately evaluate the proportion of synchronized cells, their synchronization degree, and the amplitude and frequency of synchronized calcium and NO oscillations. Heating to 40 °C increased cell synchronization for calcium but decreased for NO oscillations. Hyperglycemia abolished this effect. Heating to 40 °C changed the frequencies and increased the amplitudes of synchronized oscillations of calcium concentration and the NO synthesis rate. The first part of this paper describes the principles of the bispectral analysis method and equations and modifications of the method we propose. In the second part of this paper, specific examples of the application of bispectral analysis to assess the synchronization of living cells in vitro are presented. The discussion compares the capabilities of bispectral analysis with other analytical methods in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim E Astashev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A Serov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Arina V Tankanag
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Inna V Knyazeva
- Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 1st Institutsky Proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem A Dorokhov
- Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 1st Institutsky Proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Simakin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 1st Institutsky Proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod Institute, Gagarin av. 23, 603105 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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11
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Fjaervoll HK, Fjaervoll KA, Yang M, Reiten OK, Bair J, Lee C, Utheim TP, Dartt D. Purinergic agonists increase [Ca 2+] i in rat conjunctival goblet cells through ryanodine receptor type 3. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C830-C843. [PMID: 39099424 PMCID: PMC11427011 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00291.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
ATP and benzoylbenzoyl-ATP (BzATP) increase free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) resulting in mucin secretion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the source of the Ca2+i mobilized by ATP and BzATP. First-passage cultured rat CGCs were incubated with Fura-2/AM, and [Ca2+]i was measured under several conditions with ATP and BzATP stimulation. The following conditions were used: 1) preincubation with the Ca2+ chelator EGTA, 2) preincubation with the SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin (10-6 M), which depletes ER Ca2+ stores, 3) preincubation with phospholipase C (PLC) or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, or 4) preincubation with the voltage-gated calcium channel antagonist nifedipine (10-5 M) and the ryanodine receptor (RyR) antagonist dantrolene (10-5 M). Immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to investigate RyR presence in rat and human CGCs. ATP-stimulated peak [Ca2+]i was significantly lower after chelating Ca2+i with 2 mM EGTA in Ca2+-free buffer. The peak [Ca2+]i increase in CGCs preincubated with thapsigargin, the PKA inhibitor H89, nifedipine, and dantrolene, but not the PLC inhibitor, was reduced for ATP at 10-5 M and BzATP at 10-4 M. Incubating CGCs with dantrolene alone decreased [Ca2+]i and induced CGC cell death at a high concentration. RyR3 was detected in rat and human CGCs with IF and RT-qPCR. We conclude that ATP- and BzATP-induced Ca2+i increases originate from the ER and that RyR3 may be an essential regulator of CGC [Ca2+]i. This study contributes to the understanding of diseases arising from defective Ca2+ signaling in nonexcitable cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY ATP and benzoylbenzoyl-ATP (BzATP) induce mucin secretion through an increase in free cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs). The mechanisms through which ATP and BzATP increase [Ca2+]i in CGCs are unclear. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are fundamental in [Ca2+]i regulation in excitable cells. Herein, we find that ATP and BzATP increase [Ca2+]i through the activation of protein kinase A, voltage-gated calcium channels, and RyRs, and that RyRs are crucial for nonexcitable CGCs' Ca2+i homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haakon K Fjaervoll
- Division of Head, Neck and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ketil A Fjaervoll
- Division of Head, Neck and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Menglu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ole K Reiten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jeffrey Bair
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Changrim Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Division of Head, Neck and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Darlene Dartt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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12
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Harmon RM, Ayers JL, McCarthy EF, Kowalczyk AP, Green KJ, Simpson CL. Pumping the Breaks on Acantholytic Skin Disorders: Targeting Calcium Pumps, Desmosomes, and Downstream Signaling in Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover Disease. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01925-0. [PMID: 39207315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.06.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Acantholytic skin disorders, by definition, compromise intercellular adhesion between epidermal keratinocytes. The root cause of blistering in these diseases traces back to direct disruption of adhesive cell-cell junctions, exemplified by autoantibody-mediated attack on desmosomes in pemphigus. However, genetic acantholytic disorders originate from more indirect mechanisms. Darier disease and Hailey-Hailey disease arise from mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump, SERCA2, and the Golgi calcium/manganese pump, SPCA1, respectively. Though the disease-causing mutations have been known for nearly 25 years, the mechanistic linkage between dysregulation of intracellular ion stores and weakening of cell-cell junctions at the plasma membrane remains puzzling. The molecular underpinnings of a related idiopathic disorder, Grover disease, are even less understood. Due to an incomplete understanding of acantholytic pathology at the molecular level, these disorders lack proven, targeted treatment options, leaving patients with the significant physical and psychological burdens of chronic skin blistering, infections, and pain. This article aims to review what is known at the molecular, cellular, and clinical levels regarding these under-studied disorders and to highlight knowledge gaps and promising ongoing research. Armed with this knowledge, our goal is to aid investigators in defining essential questions about disease pathogenesis and to accelerate progress toward novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Harmon
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Jessica L Ayers
- Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease PhD Program, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin F McCarthy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cory L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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13
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Arige V, Wagner LE, Malik S, Baker MR, Fan G, Serysheva II, Yule DI. Functional investigation of a putative calcium-binding site involved in the inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.16.608318. [PMID: 39211071 PMCID: PMC11360954 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.16.608318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A wide variety of factors influence inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) receptor (IP 3 R) activity resulting in modulation of intracellular Ca 2+ release. This regulation is thought to define the spatio-temporal patterns of Ca 2+ signals necessary for the appropriate activation of downstream effectors. The binding of both IP 3 and Ca 2+ are obligatory for IP 3 R channel opening, however, Ca 2+ regulates IP 3 R activity in a biphasic manner. Mutational studies have revealed that Ca 2+ binding to a high-affinity pocket formed by the ARM3 domain and linker domain promotes IP 3 R channel opening without altering the Ca 2+ dependency for channel inactivation. These data suggest a distinct low-affinity Ca 2+ binding site is responsible for the reduction in IP 3 R activity at higher [Ca 2+ ]. We determined the consequences of mutating a cluster of acidic residues in the ARM2 and central linker domain reported to coordinate Ca 2+ in cryo-EM structures of the IP 3 R type 3. This site is termed the "CD Ca 2+ binding site" and is well-conserved in all IP 3 R sub-types. We show that the CD site Ca 2+ binding mutants where the negatively charged glutamic acid residues are mutated to alanine exhibited enhanced sensitivity to IP 3 -generating agonists. Ca 2+ binding mutants displayed spontaneous elemental Ca 2+ events (Ca 2+ puffs) and the number of IP 3 -induced Ca 2+ puffs was significantly augmented in cells stably expressing Ca 2+ binding site mutants. When measured with "on-nucleus" patch clamp, the inhibitory effect of high [Ca 2+ ] on single channel-open probability (P o ) was reduced in mutant channels and this effect was dependent on [ATP]. These results indicate that Ca 2+ binding to the putative CD Ca 2+ inhibitory site facilitates the reduction in IP 3 R channel activation when cytosolic [ATP] is reduced and suggest that at higher [ATP], additional Ca 2+ binding motifs may contribute to the biphasic regulation of IP 3 -induced Ca 2+ release.
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14
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Tota M, Jonderko L, Witek J, Novickij V, Kulbacka J. Cellular and Molecular Effects of Magnetic Fields. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8973. [PMID: 39201657 PMCID: PMC11354277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, magnetic fields (MFs) have received major attention due to their potential therapeutic applications and biological effects. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the cellular and molecular impacts of MFs, with a focus on both in vitro and in vivo studies. We investigate the mechanisms by which MFs influence cell behavior, including modifications in gene expression, protein synthesis, and cellular signaling pathways. The interaction of MFs with cellular components such as ion channels, membranes, and the cytoskeleton is analyzed, along with their effects on cellular processes like proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Molecular insights are offered into how MFs modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, which are pivotal in various pathological conditions. Furthermore, we explore the therapeutic potential of MFs in regenerative medicine, cancer treatment, and neurodegenerative diseases. By synthesizing current findings, this article aims to elucidate the complex bioeffects of MFs, thereby facilitating their optimized application in medical and biotechnological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tota
- Student Research Group № K148, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Laura Jonderko
- Student Research Group № K148, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Julia Witek
- Student Research Group № K148, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LT-03227 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
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15
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Li ZH, Asady B, Chang L, Triana MAH, Li C, Coppens I, Moreno SN. Calcium tunneling through the ER and transfer to other organelles for optimal signaling in Toxoplasma gondii. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.15.608087. [PMID: 39185237 PMCID: PMC11343207 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.15.608087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling in cells begins with the opening of Ca2+ channels in either the plasma membrane (PM) or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and results in a dramatic increase in the physiologically low (<100 nM) cytosolic Ca2+ level. The temporal and spatial Ca2+ levels are well regulated to enable precise and specific activation of critical biological processes. Ca2+ signaling regulates pathogenic features of apicomplexan parasites like Toxoplasma gondii which infects approximately one-third of the world's population. T. gondii relies on Ca2+ signals to stimulate traits of its infection cycle and several Ca2+ signaling elements play essential roles in its parasitic cycle. Active egress, an essential step for the infection cycle of T. gondii is preceded by a large increase in cytosolic Ca2+ most likely by release from intracellular stores. Intracellular parasites take up Ca2+ from the host cell during host Ca2+ signaling events to replenish intracellular stores. In this work, we investigated the mechanism by which intracellular stores are replenished with Ca2+ and demonstrated a central role for the SERCA-Ca2+-ATPase to keep not only the ER filled with Ca2+ but also acidic stores. We also show mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, by transfer of Ca2+ from the ER most likely through membrane contact sites. We propose a central role for the ER in tunneling of calcium from the extracellular milieu through the ER to other organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Hong Li
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Computes Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Beejan Asady
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Computes Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Heath, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Le Chang
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Computes Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Miryam Andrea Hortua Triana
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Computes Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Catherine Li
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Computes Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Heath, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Silvia N.J. Moreno
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Computes Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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16
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Endo HM, Bandeca SCS, Olchanheski LR, Schemczssen-Graeff Z, Pileggi M. Probiotics and the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection through regulation of host cell calcium dynamics. Life Sci 2024; 350:122784. [PMID: 38848939 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Calcium is a secondary messenger that interacts with several cellular proteins, regulates various physiological processes, and plays a role in diseases such as viral infections. Next-generation probiotics and live biotherapeutic products are linked to the regulation of intracellular calcium levels. Some viruses can manipulate calcium channels, pumps, and membrane receptors to alter calcium influx and promote virion production and release. In this study, we examined the use of bacteria for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, such as coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vaccination programs have helped reduce disease severity; however, there is still a lack of well-recognized drug regimens for the clinical management of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the host cell calcium (Ca2+), manipulates proteins, and disrupts Ca2+ homeostasis. This article explores how viruses exploit, create, or exacerbate calcium imbalances, and the potential role of probiotics in mitigating viral infections by modulating calcium signaling. Pharmacological strategies have been developed to prevent viral replication and block the calcium channels that serve as viral receptors. Alternatively, probiotics may interact with cellular calcium influx, such as Lactobacillus spp. The interaction between Akkermansia muciniphila and cellular calcium homeostasis is evident. A scientific basis for using probiotics to manipulate calcium channel activity needs to be established for the treatment and prevention of viral diseases while maintaining calcium homeostasis. In this review article, we discuss how intracellular calcium signaling can affect viral replication and explore the potential therapeutic benefits of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Massami Endo
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Ricardo Olchanheski
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Zelinda Schemczssen-Graeff
- Comparative Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pileggi
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
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17
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Manori B, Da'adoosh B, Haitin Y, Giladi M. Identification of a magnesium-binding site at the primary allosteric calcium sensor of the sodium-calcium exchanger: Implications for physiological regulation. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5114. [PMID: 38989557 PMCID: PMC11237548 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) proteins are ubiquitously expressed and play a pivotal role in cellular calcium homeostasis by mediating uphill calcium efflux across the cell membrane. Intracellular calcium allosterically regulates the exchange activity by binding to two cytoplasmic calcium-binding domains, CBD1 and CBD2. However, the calcium-binding affinities of these domains are seemingly inadequate to sense physiological calcium oscillations. Previously, magnesium binding to either domain was shown to tune their affinity for calcium, bringing it into the physiological range. However, while the magnesium-binding site of CBD2 was identified, the identity of the CBD1 magnesium site remains elusive. Here, using molecular dynamics in combination with differential scanning fluorimetry and mutational analysis, we pinpoint the magnesium-binding site in CBD1. Specifically, among four calcium-binding sites (Ca1-Ca4) in this domain, only Ca1 can accommodate magnesium with an affinity similar to its free intracellular concentration. Moreover, our results provide mechanistic insights into the modulation of the regulatory calcium affinity by magnesium, which allows an adequate NCX activity level throughout varying physiological needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bar Manori
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Benny Da'adoosh
- Blavatnic Center for Drug DiscoveryTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yoni Haitin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Moshe Giladi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
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18
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Zhang P, Nde J, Eliaz Y, Jennings N, Cieplak P, Cheung MS. Chemistry-informed Machine Learning Explains Calcium-binding Proteins' Fuzzy Shape for Communicating Changes in the Atomic States of Calcium Ions. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2407.17017v1. [PMID: 39108291 PMCID: PMC11302678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Proteins' fuzziness are features for communicating changes in cell signaling instigated by binding with secondary messengers, such as calcium ions, associated with the coordination of muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression. Binding with the disordered parts of a protein, calcium ions must balance their charge states with the shape of calcium-binding proteins and their versatile pool of partners depending on the circumstances they transmit, but it is unclear whether the limited experimental data available can be used to train models to accurately predict the charges of calcium-binding protein variants. Here, we developed a chemistry-informed, machine-learning algorithm that implements a game theoretic approach to explain the output of a machine-learning model without the prerequisite of an excessively large database for high-performance prediction of atomic charges. We used the ab initio electronic structure data representing calcium ions and the structures of the disordered segments of calcium-binding peptides with surrounding water molecules to train several explainable models. Network theory was used to extract the topological features of atomic interactions in the structurally complex data dictated by the coordination chemistry of a calcium ion, a potent indicator of its charge state in protein. With our designs, we provided a framework of explainable machine learning model to annotate atomic charges of calcium ions in calcium-binding proteins with domain knowledge in response to the chemical changes in an environment based on the limited size of scientific data in a genome space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jules Nde
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yossi Eliaz
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Computer Science Department, HIT Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
| | | | - Piotr Cieplak
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Margaret S Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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19
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Malard F, Dias K, Baudy M, Thore S, Vialet B, Barthélémy P, Fribourg S, Karginov FV, Campagne S. Molecular Basis for the Calcium-Dependent Activation of the Ribonuclease EndoU. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4654759. [PMID: 39070628 PMCID: PMC11275989 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4654759/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Ribonucleases (RNases) are ubiquitous enzymes that process or degrade RNA, essential for cellular functions and immune responses. The EndoU-like superfamily includes endoribonucleases conserved across bacteria, eukaryotes, and certain viruses, with an ancient evolutionary link to the ribonuclease A-like superfamily. Both bacterial EndoU and animal RNase A share a similar fold and function independently of cofactors. In contrast, the eukaryotic EndoU catalytic domain requires divalent metal ions for catalysis, possibly due to an N-terminal extension near the catalytic core. In this study, we used biophysical and computational techniques along with in vitro assays to investigate the calcium-dependent activation of human EndoU. We determined the crystal structure of EndoU bound to calcium and found that calcium binding remote from the catalytic triad triggers water-mediated intramolecular signaling and structural changes, activating the enzyme through allostery. Calcium-binding involves residues from both the catalytic core and the N-terminal extension, indicating that the N-terminal extension interacts with the catalytic core to modulate activity in response to calcium. Our findings suggest that similar mechanisms may be present across all eukaryotic EndoUs, highlighting a unique evolutionary adaptation that connects endoribonuclease activity to cellular signaling in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Malard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, US1, UAR 3033, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Kristen Dias
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Margaux Baudy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, US1, UAR 3033, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stéphane Thore
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Brune Vialet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Fribourg
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fedor V Karginov
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Sébastien Campagne
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, US1, UAR 3033, F-33600 Pessac, France
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20
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Pérez-Fuentes N, Alvariño R, Alfonso A, González-Jartín J, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Enniatins A1 and B1 Modulate Calcium Flux through Alternative Pathways beyond Mitochondria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14975-14983. [PMID: 38898562 PMCID: PMC11229004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Enniatins (ENNs) A1 and B1, previously considered ionophores, are emerging mycotoxins with effects on Ca2+ homeostasis. However, their exact mechanism of action remains unclear. This study investigated how these toxins affect Ca2+ flux in SH-SY5Y cells. ENN A1 induced Ca2+ influx through store-operated channels (SOC). The mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP reduced this influx, suggesting that the mitochondrial status influences the toxin effect. Conversely, ENN B1 did not affect SOC but acted on another Ca2+ channel, as shown when nickel, which directly blocks the Ca2+ channel pore, is added. Mitochondrial function also influenced the effects of ENN B1, as treatment with FCCP reduced toxin-induced Ca2+ depletion and uptake. In addition, both ENNs altered mitochondrial function by producing the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This study describes for the first time that ENN A1 and B1 are not Ca2+ ionophores and suggests a different mechanism of action for each toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Pérez-Fuentes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Jartín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Mercedes R Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
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21
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Pantazaka E, Alkahtani S, Alarifi S, Alkahtane AA, Stournaras C, Kallergi G. Role of KDM2B epigenetic factor in regulating calcium signaling in prostate cancer cells. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102109. [PMID: 38817821 PMCID: PMC11135025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
KDM2B, a histone lysine demethylase, is expressed in a plethora of cancers. Earlier studies from our group, have showcased that overexpression of KDM2B in the human prostate cancer cell line DU-145 is associated with cell adhesion, actin reorganization, and improved cancer cell migration. In addition, we have previously examined changes of cytosolic Ca2+, regulated by the pore-forming proteins ORAI and the Ca2+ sensing stromal interaction molecules (STIM), via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in wild-type DU-145. This study sought to evaluate the impact of KDM2B overexpression on the expression of key molecules (SGK1, Nhe1, Orai1, Stim1) and SOCE. Furthermore, this is the first study to evaluate KDM2B expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with prostate cancer. mRNA levels for SGK1, Nhe1, Orai1, and Stim1 were quantified by RT-PCR. Calcium signals were measured in KDM2B-overexpressing DU-145 cells, loaded with Fura-2. Blood samples from 22 prostate cancer cases were scrutinized for KDM2B expression using immunofluorescence staining and the VyCAP system. KDM2B overexpression in DU-145 cells increased Orai1, Stim1, and Nhe1 mRNA levels and significantly decreased Ca2+ release. KDM2B expression was examined in 22 prostate cancer patients. CTCs were identified in 45 % of these patients. 80 % of the cytokeratin (CK)-positive patients and 63 % of the total examined CTCs exhibited the (CK + KDM2B + CD45-) phenotype. To conclude, this study is the first to report increased expression of KDM2B in CTCs from patients with prostate cancer, bridging in vitro and preclinical assessments on the potentially crucial role of KDM2B on migration, invasiveness, and ultimately metastasis in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Pantazaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry/Metastatic Signaling, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alkahtane
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Galatea Kallergi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry/Metastatic Signaling, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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22
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Kim JW, Yong AJH, Aisenberg EE, Lobel JH, Wang W, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Gao R, Jan YN, Bateup HS, Ingolia NT. Molecular recording of calcium signals via calcium-dependent proximity labeling. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:894-905. [PMID: 38658655 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ions serve as key intracellular signals. Local, transient increases in calcium concentrations can activate calcium sensor proteins that in turn trigger downstream effectors. In neurons, calcium transients play a central role in regulating neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. However, it is challenging to capture the molecular events associated with these localized and ephemeral calcium signals. Here we present an engineered biotin ligase that generates permanent molecular traces in a calcium-dependent manner. The enzyme, calcium-dependent BioID (Cal-ID), biotinylates nearby proteins within minutes in response to elevated local calcium levels. The biotinylated proteins can be identified via mass spectrometry and visualized using microscopy. In neurons, Cal-ID labeling is triggered by neuronal activity, leading to prominent protein biotinylation that enables transcription-independent activity labeling in the brain. In summary, Cal-ID produces a biochemical record of calcium signals and neuronal activity with high spatial resolution and molecular specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wren Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adeline J H Yong
- Department of Physiology at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin E Aisenberg
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph H Lobel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen S Bateup
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas T Ingolia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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23
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Bayraktar E, Lopez-Pigozzi D, Bortolozzi M. Calcium Regulation of Connexin Hemichannels. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6594. [PMID: 38928300 PMCID: PMC11204158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Connexin hemichannels (HCs) expressed at the plasma membrane of mammalian cells are of paramount importance for intercellular communication. In physiological conditions, HCs can form gap junction (GJ) channels, providing a direct diffusive path between neighbouring cells. In addition, unpaired HCs provide conduits for the exchange of solutes between the cytoplasm and the extracellular milieu, including messenger molecules involved in paracrine signalling. The synergistic action of membrane potential and Ca2+ ions controls the gating of the large and relatively unselective pore of connexin HCs. The four orders of magnitude difference in gating sensitivity to the extracellular ([Ca2+]e) and the cytosolic ([Ca2+]c) Ca2+ concentrations suggests that at least two different Ca2+ sensors may exist. While [Ca2+]e acts as a spatial modulator of the HC opening, which is most likely dependent on the cell layer, compartment, and organ, [Ca2+]c triggers HC opening and the release of extracellular bursts of messenger molecules. Such molecules include ATP, cAMP, glutamate, NAD+, glutathione, D-serine, and prostaglandins. Lost or abnormal HC regulation by Ca2+ has been associated with several diseases, including deafness, keratitis ichthyosis, palmoplantar keratoderma, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, oculodentodigital dysplasia, and congenital cataracts. The fact that both an increased and a decreased Ca2+ sensitivity has been linked to pathological conditions suggests that Ca2+ in healthy cells finely tunes the normal HC function. Overall, further investigation is needed to clarify the structural and chemical modifications of connexin HCs during [Ca2+]e and [Ca2+]c variations. A molecular model that accounts for changes in both Ca2+ and the transmembrane voltage will undoubtedly enhance our interpretation of the experimental results and pave the way for developing therapeutic compounds targeting specific HC dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erva Bayraktar
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Lopez-Pigozzi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Bortolozzi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Institute of Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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24
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Pontisso I, Ornelas-Guevara R, Chevet E, Combettes L, Dupont G. Gradual ER calcium depletion induces a progressive and reversible UPR signaling. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae229. [PMID: 38933930 PMCID: PMC11200134 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a widespread signal transduction pathway triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because calcium (Ca2+) is a key factor in the maintenance of ER homeostasis, massive Ca2+ depletion of the ER is a potent inducer of ER stress. Although moderate changes in ER Ca2+ drive the ubiquitous Ca2+ signaling pathways, a possible incremental relationship between UPR activation and Ca2+ changes has yet to be described. Here, we determine the sensitivity and time-dependency of activation of the three ER stress sensors, inositol-requiring protein 1 alpha (IRE1α), protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6α) in response to controlled changes in the concentration of ER Ca2+ in human cultured cells. Combining Ca2+ imaging, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments, biochemical analyses, and mathematical modeling, we uncover a nonlinear rate of activation of the IRE1α branch of UPR, as compared to the PERK and ATF6α branches that become activated gradually with time and are sensitive to more important ER Ca2+ depletions. However, the three arms are all activated within a 1 h timescale. The model predicted the deactivation of PERK and IRE1α upon refilling the ER with Ca2+. Accordingly, we showed that ER Ca2+ replenishment leads to the complete reversion of IRE1α and PERK phosphorylation in less than 15 min, thus revealing the highly plastic character of the activation of the upstream UPR sensors. In conclusion, our results reveal a dynamic and dose-sensitive Ca2+-dependent activation/deactivation cycle of UPR induction, which could tightly control cell fate upon acute and/or chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pontisso
- U1282 “Calcium Signaling and Microbial Infections”, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC)—Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Roberto Ornelas-Guevara
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242 Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Combettes
- U1282 “Calcium Signaling and Microbial Infections”, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC)—Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Helgoe J, Davy SK, Weis VM, Rodriguez-Lanetty M. Triggers, cascades, and endpoints: connecting the dots of coral bleaching mechanisms. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:715-752. [PMID: 38217089 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The intracellular coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis is the engine that underpins the success of coral reefs, one of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet. However, the breakdown of the symbiosis and the loss of the microalgal symbiont (i.e. coral bleaching) due to environmental changes are resulting in the rapid degradation of coral reefs globally. There is an urgent need to understand the cellular physiology of coral bleaching at the mechanistic level to help develop solutions to mitigate the coral reef crisis. Here, at an unprecedented scope, we present novel models that integrate putative mechanisms of coral bleaching within a common framework according to the triggers (initiators of bleaching, e.g. heat, cold, light stress, hypoxia, hyposalinity), cascades (cellular pathways, e.g. photoinhibition, unfolded protein response, nitric oxide), and endpoints (mechanisms of symbiont loss, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis, exocytosis/vomocytosis). The models are supported by direct evidence from cnidarian systems, and indirectly through comparative evolutionary analyses from non-cnidarian systems. With this approach, new putative mechanisms have been established within and between cascades initiated by different bleaching triggers. In particular, the models provide new insights into the poorly understood connections between bleaching cascades and endpoints and highlight the role of a new mechanism of symbiont loss, i.e. 'symbiolysosomal digestion', which is different from symbiophagy. This review also increases the approachability of bleaching physiology for specialists and non-specialists by mapping the vast landscape of bleaching mechanisms in an atlas of comprehensible and detailed mechanistic models. We then discuss major knowledge gaps and how future research may improve the understanding of the connections between the diverse cascade of cellular pathways and the mechanisms of symbiont loss (endpoints).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Helgoe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 167, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Virginia M Weis
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 2701 SW Campus Way, 2403 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 167, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, USA
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26
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Mahapatra C, Kumar R. Biophysical Mechanisms of Vaginal Smooth Muscle Contraction: The Role of the Membrane Potential and Ion Channels. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:225-243. [PMID: 38804298 PMCID: PMC11130850 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The vagina is an essential component of the female reproductive system and is responsible for providing female sexual satisfaction. Vaginal smooth muscle contraction plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including sexual arousal, childbirth, and urinary continence. In pathophysiological conditions, such as pelvic floor disorders, aberrations in vaginal smooth muscle function can lead to urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. A set of cellular and sub-cellular physiological mechanisms regulates the contractile properties of the vaginal smooth muscle cells. Calcium influx is a crucial determinant of smooth muscle contraction, facilitated through voltage-dependent calcium channels and calcium release from intracellular stores. Comprehensive reviews on smooth muscle biophysics are relatively scarce within the scientific literature, likely due to the complexity and specialized nature of the topic. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of alterations in the cellular physiology of vaginal smooth muscle contraction. The benefit associated with this particular approach is that conducting a comprehensive examination of the cellular mechanisms underlying contractile activation will enable the creation of more targeted therapeutic agents to control vaginal contraction disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitaranjan Mahapatra
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Paris Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, 91440 Saclay, France
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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27
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Zhang Y, Yang W, Xue Y, Hou D, Chen S, Xu Z, Peng S, Zhao H, Wang C, Liu C. Timing Matters: Time of Day Impacts the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1421. [PMID: 38794659 PMCID: PMC11124133 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine has attracted significant attention from researchers in the sports field due to its well-documented ergogenic effects across various athletic disciplines. As research on caffeine continues to progress, there has been a growing emphasis on evaluating caffeine dosage and administration methods. However, investigations into the optimal timing of caffeine intake remain limited. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to assess the ergogenic effects of caffeine administration at different times during the morning (06:00 to 10:00) and evening (16:00 to 21:00). The review findings suggest that circadian rhythms play a substantial role in influencing sports performance, potentially contributing to a decline in morning performance. Caffeine administration has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating this phenomenon, resulting in ergogenic effects and performance enhancement, even comparable to nighttime levels. While the specific mechanisms by which caffeine regulates circadian rhythms and influences sports performance remain unclear, this review also explores the mechanisms underlying caffeine's ergogenic effects, including the adenosine receptor blockade, increased muscle calcium release, and modulation of catecholamines. Additionally, the narrative review underscores caffeine's indirect impact on circadian rhythms by enhancing responsiveness to light-induced phase shifts. Although the precise mechanisms through which caffeine improves morning performance declines via circadian rhythm regulation necessitate further investigations, it is noteworthy that the timing of caffeine administration significantly affects its ergogenic effects during exercise. This emphasizes the importance of considering caffeine intake timing in future research endeavors to optimize its ergogenic potential and elucidate its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yizhang Xue
- Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dingchun Hou
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Songyue Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhiqin Xu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sijia Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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28
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Ajjour H, Pallafacchina G, Lenzini L, Caroccia B, Rossi GP. Intracellular Calcium Dynamics in Primary Human Adrenocortical Cells Deciphered with a Novel Pipeline. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2024; 31:299-308. [PMID: 38763953 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-024-00641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fluctuations of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) are key physiological signals for cell function under normal conditions and can undergo profound alterations in disease states, as high blood pressure due to endocrine disorders like primary aldosteronism (PA). However, when assessing such fluctuations several parameters in the Ca2+ signal dynamics need to be considered, which renders their assessment challenging. AIM Aim to develop an observer-independent custom-made pipeline to analyze Ca2+ dynamics in terms of frequency and peak parameters, as amplitude, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and area under the curve (AUC). METHODS We applied a custom-made methodology to aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and APA adjacent cells (AAC) and found this pipeline to be suitable for monitoring and processing a wide-range of [Ca2+]i events in these cell types delivering reproducible results. CONCLUSION The designed pipeline can provide a useful tool for [Ca2+]i signal analysis that allows comparisons of Ca2+ dynamics not only in PA, but in other cell phenotypes that are relevant for the regulation of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Ajjour
- Specialized Center of Excellence for Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University Hospital, University of Padua, Padua, 35126, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pallafacchina
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35131, Italy
| | - Livia Lenzini
- Specialized Center of Excellence for Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University Hospital, University of Padua, Padua, 35126, Italy
| | - Brasilina Caroccia
- Specialized Center of Excellence for Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University Hospital, University of Padua, Padua, 35126, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Specialized Center of Excellence for Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University Hospital, University of Padua, Padua, 35126, Italy.
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29
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Wang Y, Wu N, Li J, Liang J, Zhou D, Cao Q, Li X, Jiang N. The interplay between autophagy and ferroptosis presents a novel conceptual therapeutic framework for neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107162. [PMID: 38554788 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
In American men, the incidence of prostate cancer (PC) is the highest among all types of cancer, making it the second leading cause of mortality associated with cancer. For advanced or metastatic PC, antiandrogen therapies are standard treatment options. The administration of these treatments unfortunately carries the potential risk of inducing neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) serves as a crucial indicator of prostate cancer development, encompassing various factors such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR), Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), miRNA. The processes of autophagy and ferroptosis (an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death) play pivotal roles in the regulation of various types of cancers. Clinical trials and preclinical investigations have been conducted on many signaling pathways during the development of NEPC, with the deepening of research, autophagy and ferroptosis appear to be the potential target for regulating NEPC. Due to the dual nature of autophagy and ferroptosis in cancer, gaining a deeper understanding of the developmental programs associated with achieving autophagy and ferroptosis may enhance risk stratification and treatment efficacy for patients with NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Ning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junbo Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jiaming Liang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Diansheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institution of Urology, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
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30
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Panigrahi B, Agarwal A, Garg D, Vishnu VY, Faruq M, Srivastava AK. Dominant Mutation in ITPR3 Gene Causing Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 1J in a Family from India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2024; 27:324-325. [PMID: 38819394 PMCID: PMC11232825 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_1004_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Divyani Garg
- Department of Neurology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mohd. Faruq
- Divison of Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR - IGIB, New Delhi, India
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31
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Jairaman A, Prakriya M. Calcium Signaling in Airway Epithelial Cells: Current Understanding and Implications for Inflammatory Airway Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:772-783. [PMID: 38385293 PMCID: PMC11090472 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells play an indispensable role in protecting the lung from inhaled pathogens and allergens by releasing an array of mediators that orchestrate inflammatory and immune responses when confronted with harmful environmental triggers. While this process is undoubtedly important for containing the effects of various harmful insults, dysregulation of the inflammatory response can cause lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. A key cellular mechanism that underlies the inflammatory responses in the airway is calcium signaling, which stimulates the production and release of chemokines, cytokines, and prostaglandins from the airway epithelium. In this review, we discuss the role of major Ca2+ signaling pathways found in airway epithelial cells and their contributions to airway inflammation, mucociliary clearance, and surfactant production. We highlight the importance of store-operated Ca2+ entry as a major signaling hub in these processes and discuss therapeutic implications of targeting Ca2+ signaling for airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine (UCI) (A.J.)
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.P.)
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32
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Kovács ZJ, Harami GM, Pálinkás J, Kuljanishvili N, Hegedüs J, Harami‐Papp H, Mahmudova L, Khamisi L, Szakács G, Kovács M. DNA-dependent phase separation by human SSB2 (NABP1/OBFC2A) protein points to adaptations to eukaryotic genome repair processes. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4959. [PMID: 38511671 PMCID: PMC10955726 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs) are ubiquitous across all domains of life and play essential roles via stabilizing and protecting single-stranded (ss) DNA as well as organizing multiprotein complexes during DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Two mammalian SSB paralogs (hSSB1 and hSSB2 in humans) were recently identified and shown to be involved in various genome maintenance processes. Following our recent discovery of the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) propensity of Escherichia coli (Ec) SSB, here we show that hSSB2 also forms LLPS condensates under physiologically relevant ionic conditions. Similar to that seen for EcSSB, we demonstrate the essential contribution of hSSB2's C-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) to condensate formation, and the selective enrichment of various genome metabolic proteins in hSSB2 condensates. However, in contrast to EcSSB-driven LLPS that is inhibited by ssDNA binding, hSSB2 phase separation requires single-stranded nucleic acid binding, and is especially facilitated by ssDNA. Our results reveal an evolutionarily conserved role for SSB-mediated LLPS in the spatiotemporal organization of genome maintenance complexes. At the same time, differential LLPS features of EcSSB and hSSB2 point to functional adaptations to prokaryotic versus eukaryotic genome metabolic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán J. Kovács
- ELTE‐MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Department of BiochemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN–ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of BiochemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Gábor M. Harami
- ELTE‐MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Department of BiochemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - János Pálinkás
- ELTE‐MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Department of BiochemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Natalie Kuljanishvili
- ELTE‐MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Department of BiochemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - József Hegedüs
- ELTE‐MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Department of BiochemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Hajnalka Harami‐Papp
- ELTE‐MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Department of BiochemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Lamiya Mahmudova
- ELTE‐MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Department of BiochemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Lana Khamisi
- ELTE‐MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Department of BiochemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- HUN‐REN Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapestHungary
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Mihály Kovács
- ELTE‐MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Department of BiochemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN–ELTE Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of BiochemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
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33
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Zhong R, Rua MT, Wei-LaPierre L. Targeting mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Physiol 2024; 602:1519-1549. [PMID: 38010626 PMCID: PMC11032238 DOI: 10.1113/jp284143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron (MN) loss, muscle denervation and paralysis. Over the past several decades, researchers have made tremendous efforts to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underpinning ALS, with much yet to be resolved. ALS is described as a non-cell autonomous condition with pathology detected in both MNs and non-neuronal cells, such as glial cells and skeletal muscle. Studies in ALS patient and animal models reveal ubiquitous abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function, and disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis in various tissue types, suggesting a pivotal role of aberrant mitochondrial calcium uptake and dysfunctional calcium signalling cascades in ALS pathogenesis. Calcium signalling and mitochondrial dysfunction are intricately related to the manifestation of cell death contributing to MN loss and skeletal muscle dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of intracellular calcium signalling, particularly mitochondrial calcium uptake, in ALS pathogenesis. Functional consequences of excessive mitochondrial calcium uptake and possible therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial calcium uptake or the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, the main channel mediating mitochondrial calcium influx, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjia Zhong
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110001
| | - Michael T. Rua
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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34
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Yang Q, Zhou X, Ling Y, Zhang Q, Yi S, Chen Q, Zhang S, Qin Z, Luo J. Clinical and genetic analysis of trichohepatoneurodevelopmental syndrome caused by a CCDC47 variant. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27955. [PMID: 38524542 PMCID: PMC10958427 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichohepatoneurodevelopmental syndrome is an extremely uncommon autosomal recessive disorder resulting from variants in the CCDC47 gene, which encodes a Ca2+-binding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein. To date, only four patients with CCDC47 deficiency have been reported, all of them with homozygous truncating CCDC47 variants. For this study, a Chinese family was recruited, which included a patient diagnosed with trichohepatoneurodevelopmental syndrome. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified the proband's novel homozygous CCDC47 variation (NM_020198: c.634C > T(p.Arg212*). The variant was confirmed to be segregating in the proband and her unaffected relatives through Sanger sequencing. The patient described exhibited a clinical phenotype similar to that of patients with the CCDC47 variant. Compared to reported cases with CCDC47 pathogenic variants, our patients showed a novel complication of hearing impairment. In addition, brain abnormalities, small feet, bilateral hip dislocation, hip dysplasia, overlapping toes, pectus excavatum, scoliosis and narrow chest were not observed in our patient. We also examined five different variations and their corresponding phenotypes from five patients, both in current and previous research. Although some clinical manifestations of trichohepatoneurodevelopmental syndrome were highly variable, the most common phenotypes observed in these patients include microcephaly, profound intellectual disability, severe global development delay, pronounced growth restriction, hypotonia, woolly hair, facial dysmorphism, respiratory and visual abnormalities, gastrointestinal abnormalities, liver dysfunction, pruritus, skeletal and limb abnormalities, congenital heart defects and immunodeficiency. The present report is the first of a Chinese infant with homozygous variant in the CCDC47 gene. We expanded the genetic and phenotypic spectrum associated with trichohepatoneurodevelopmental syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xunzhao Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yeying Ling
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Medical Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shang Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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35
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Kosmerl E, Miller C, Jiménez-Flores R. Preventative Effects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Ingredients on DSS-Induced Mucosal Injury in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2024; 16:954. [PMID: 38612988 PMCID: PMC11013169 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The goblet cells of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) produce glycoproteins called mucins that form a protective barrier from digestive contents and external stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and its milk phospholipid component (MPL) can benefit the GIT through improving barrier function. Our objective was to compare the effects of two digested MFGM ingredients with or without dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced barrier stress on mucin proteins. Co-cultured Caco-2/HT29-MTX intestinal cells were treated with in vitro digests of 2%, 5%, and 10% (w/v) MFGM or MPL alone for 6 h or followed by challenge with 2.5% DSS (6 h). Transepithelial electrical resistance and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (FD4) permeability measurements were used to measure changes in barrier integrity. Mucin characterization was performed using a combination of slot blotting techniques for secreted (MUC5AC, MUC2) and transmembrane (MUC3A, MUC1) mucins, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and periodic acid Schiff (PAS)/Alcian blue staining. Digested MFGM and MPL prevented a DSS-induced reduction in secreted mucins, which corresponded to the prevention of DSS-induced increases in FD4 permeability. SEM and PAS/Alcian blue staining showed similar visual trends for secreted mucin production. A predictive bioinformatic approach was also used to identify potential KEGG pathways involved in MFGM-mediated mucosal maintenance under colitis conditions. This preliminary in silico evidence, combined with our in vitro findings, suggests the role of MFGM in inducing repair and maintenance of the mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.K.); (C.M.)
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36
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Hortua Triana MA, Márquez-Nogueras KM, Fazli MS, Quinn S, Moreno SNJ. Regulation of calcium entry by cyclic GMP signaling in Toxoplasma gondii. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105771. [PMID: 38382669 PMCID: PMC10959671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling impacts almost every aspect of cellular life. Ca2+ signals are generated through the opening of ion channels that permit the flow of Ca2+ down an electrochemical gradient. Cytosolic Ca2+ fluctuations can be generated through Ca2+ entry from the extracellular milieu or release from intracellular stores. In Toxoplasma gondii, Ca2+ ions play critical roles in several essential functions for the parasite, like invasion of host cells, motility, and egress. Plasma membrane Ca2+ entry in T. gondii was previously shown to be activated by cytosolic calcium and inhibited by the voltage-operated Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine. However, Ca2+ entry in T. gondii did not show the classical characteristics of store regulation. In this work, we characterized the mechanism by which cytosolic Ca2+ regulates plasma membrane Ca2+ entry in extracellular T. gondii tachyzoites loaded with the Ca2+ indicator Fura-2. We compared the inhibition by nifedipine with the effect of the broad spectrum TRP channel inhibitor, anthranilic acid or ACA, and we find that both inhibitors act on different Ca2+ entry activities. We demonstrate, using pharmacological and genetic tools, that an intracellular signaling pathway engaging cyclic GMP, protein kinase G, Ca2+, and the phosphatidyl inositol phospholipase C affects Ca2+ entry and we present a model for crosstalk between cyclic GMP and cytosolic Ca2+ for the activation of T. gondii's lytic cycle traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam A Hortua Triana
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Shannon Quinn
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Silvia N J Moreno
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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37
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Cao J, Wei Z, Nie Y, Chen HZ. Therapeutic potential of alternative splicing in cardiovascular diseases. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:104995. [PMID: 38350330 PMCID: PMC10874720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing is an important RNA processing step required by multiexon protein-coding mRNAs and some noncoding RNAs. Precise RNA splicing is required for maintaining gene and cell function; however, mis-spliced RNA transcripts can lead to loss- or gain-of-function effects in human diseases. Mis-spliced RNAs induced by gene mutations or the dysregulation of splicing regulators may result in frameshifts, nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), or inclusion/exclusion of exons. Genetic animal models have characterised multiple splicing factors required for cardiac development or function. Moreover, sarcomeric and ion channel genes, which are closely associated with cardiovascular function and disease, are hotspots for AS. Here, we summarise splicing factors and their targets that are associated with cardiovascular diseases, introduce some therapies potentially related to pathological AS targets, and raise outstanding questions and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ziyu Wei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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38
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Sneyers F, Speelman-Rooms F, Verhelst SHL, Bootman MD, Bultynck G. Cellular effects of BAPTA: Are they only about Ca 2+ chelation? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119589. [PMID: 37739271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signals play a vital role in a broad range of cell biological and physiological processes in all eukaryotic cell types. Dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling has been implicated in numerous human diseases. Over the past four decades, the understanding of how cells use Ca2+ as a messenger has flourished, largely because of the development of reporters that enable visualization of Ca2+ signals in different cellular compartments, and tools that can modulate cellular Ca2+ signaling. One such tool that is frequently used is BAPTA; a fast, high-affinity Ca2+-chelating molecule. By making use of a cell-permeable acetoxymethyl ester (AM) variant, BAPTA can be readily loaded into the cytosol of cells (referred to as BAPTAi), where it is trapped and able to buffer changes in cytosolic Ca2+. Due to the ease of loading of the AM version of BAPTA, this reagent has been used in hundreds of studies to probe the role of Ca2+ signaling in specific processes. As such, for decades, researchers have almost universally attributed changes in biological processes caused by BAPTAi to the involvement of Ca2+ signaling. However, BAPTAi has often been used without any form of control, and in many cases has neither been shown to be retained in cells for the duration of experiments nor to buffer any Ca2+ signals. Moreover, increasing evidence points to off-target cellular effects of BAPTA that are clearly not related to Ca2+ chelation. Here, we briefly introduce Ca2+ signaling and the history of Ca2+ chelators and fluorescent Ca2+ indicators. We highlight Ca2+-independent effects of BAPTAi on a broad range of molecular targets and describe some of BAPTAi's impacts on cell functions that occur independently of its Ca2+-chelating properties. Finally, we propose strategies for determining whether Ca2+ chelation, the binding of other metal ions, or off-target interactions with cell components are responsible for BAPTAi's effect on a particular process and suggest some future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Sneyers
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Femke Speelman-Rooms
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Herestraat 49 box 901b, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven H L Verhelst
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Herestraat 49 box 901b, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin D Bootman
- The Open University, Cancer Research Group, School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Skalka GL, Tsakovska M, Murphy DJ. Kinase signalling adaptation supports dysfunctional mitochondria in disease. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1354682. [PMID: 38434478 PMCID: PMC10906720 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1354682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria form a critical control nexus which are essential for maintaining correct tissue homeostasis. An increasing number of studies have identified dysregulation of mitochondria as a driver in cancer. However, which pathways support and promote this adapted mitochondrial function? A key hallmark of cancer is perturbation of kinase signalling pathways. These pathways include mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), lipid secondary messenger networks, cyclic-AMP-activated (cAMP)/AMP-activated kinases (AMPK), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) networks. These signalling pathways have multiple substrates which support initiation and persistence of cancer. Many of these are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial apoptosis, mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs), and retrograde ROS signalling. This review will aim to both explore how kinase signalling integrates with these critical mitochondrial pathways and highlight how these systems can be usurped to support the development of disease. In addition, we will identify areas which require further investigation to fully understand the complexities of these regulatory interactions. Overall, this review will emphasize how studying the interaction between kinase signalling and mitochondria improves our understanding of mitochondrial homeostasis and can yield novel therapeutic targets to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L. Skalka
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Tsakovska
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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40
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Yuan Y, Arige V, Saito R, Mu Q, Brailoiu GC, Pereira GJS, Bolsover SR, Keller M, Bracher F, Grimm C, Brailoiu E, Marchant JS, Yule DI, Patel S. Two-pore channel-2 and inositol trisphosphate receptors coordinate Ca 2+ signals between lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113628. [PMID: 38160394 PMCID: PMC10931537 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are Ca2+ stores mobilized by the second messengers NAADP and IP3, respectively. Here, we establish Ca2+ signals between the two sources as fundamental building blocks that couple local release to global changes in Ca2+. Cell-wide Ca2+ signals evoked by activation of endogenous NAADP-sensitive channels on lysosomes comprise both local and global components and exhibit a major dependence on ER Ca2+ despite their lysosomal origin. Knockout of ER IP3 receptor channels delays these signals, whereas expression of lysosomal TPC2 channels accelerates them. High-resolution Ca2+ imaging reveals elementary events upon TPC2 opening and signals coupled to IP3 receptors. Biasing TPC2 activation to a Ca2+-permeable state sensitizes local Ca2+ signals to IP3. This increases the potency of a physiological agonist to evoke global Ca2+ signals and activate a downstream target. Our data provide a conceptual framework to understand how Ca2+ release from physically separated stores is coordinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Vikas Arige
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ryo Saito
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK; Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Qianru Mu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Gabriela C Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Gustavo J S Pereira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Stephen R Bolsover
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Marco Keller
- Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich, Germany; Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research IIP, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Department of Neural Sciences and Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK.
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41
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Paudel S, Yue M, Nalamalapu R, Saha MS. Deciphering the Calcium Code: A Review of Calcium Activity Analysis Methods Employed to Identify Meaningful Activity in Early Neural Development. Biomolecules 2024; 14:138. [PMID: 38275767 PMCID: PMC10813340 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The intracellular and intercellular flux of calcium ions represents an ancient and universal mode of signaling that regulates an extensive array of cellular processes. Evidence for the central role of calcium signaling includes various techniques that allow the visualization of calcium activity in living cells. While extensively investigated in mature cells, calcium activity is equally important in developing cells, particularly the embryonic nervous system where it has been implicated in a wide variety array of determinative events. However, unlike in mature cells, where the calcium dynamics display regular, predictable patterns, calcium activity in developing systems is far more sporadic, irregular, and diverse. This renders the ability to assess calcium activity in a consistent manner extremely challenging, challenges reflected in the diversity of methods employed to analyze calcium activity in neural development. Here we review the wide array of calcium detection and analysis methods used across studies, limiting the extent to which they can be comparatively analyzed. The goal is to provide investigators not only with an overview of calcium activity analysis techniques currently available, but also to offer suggestions for future work and standardization to enable informative comparative evaluations of this fundamental and important process in neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Paudel
- Wyss Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.P.); (M.Y.)
| | - Michelle Yue
- Wyss Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.P.); (M.Y.)
| | - Rithvik Nalamalapu
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
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42
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Gebert JT, Scribano FJ, Engevik KA, Hyser JM. Live Calcium Imaging of Virus-Infected Human Intestinal Organoid Monolayers Using Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicators. J Vis Exp 2024:10.3791/66132. [PMID: 38314824 PMCID: PMC11157669 DOI: 10.3791/66132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is an integral regulator of nearly every tissue. Within the intestinal epithelium, calcium is involved in the regulation of secretory activity, actin dynamics, inflammatory responses, stem cell proliferation, and many other uncharacterized cellular functions. As such, mapping calcium signaling dynamics within the intestinal epithelium can provide insight into homeostatic cellular processes and unveil unique responses to various stimuli. Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) are a high-throughput, human-derived model to study the intestinal epithelium and thus represent a useful system to investigate calcium dynamics. This paper describes a protocol to stably transduce HIOs with genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs), perform live fluorescence microscopy, and analyze imaging data to meaningfully characterize calcium signals. As a representative example, 3-dimensional HIOs were transduced with lentivirus to stably express GCaMP6s, a green fluorescent protein-based cytosolic GECI. The engineered HIOs were then dispersed into a single-cell suspension and seeded as monolayers. After differentiation, the HIO monolayers were infected with rotavirus and/or treated with drugs known to stimulate a calcium response. An epifluorescence microscope fitted with a temperature-controlled, humidified live-imaging chamber allowed for long-term imaging of infected or drug-treated monolayers. Following imaging, acquired images were analyzed using the freely available analysis software, ImageJ. Overall, this work establishes an adaptable pipeline for characterizing cellular signaling in HIOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thomas Gebert
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Francesca J Scribano
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Kristen A Engevik
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Joseph M Hyser
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine;
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43
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Parys JB, Lemos FO. The interplay between associated proteins, redox state and Ca 2+ in the intraluminal ER compartment regulates the IP 3 receptor. Cell Calcium 2024; 117:102823. [PMID: 37976974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
There have been in the last three decades repeated publications indicating that the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is regulated not only by cytosolic Ca2+ but also by intraluminal Ca2+. Although most studies indicated that a decreasing intraluminal Ca2+ level led to an inhibition of the IP3R, a number of publications reported exactly the opposite effect, i.e. an inhibition of the IP3R by high intraluminal Ca2+ levels. Although intraluminal Ca2+-binding sites on the IP3Rs were reported, a regulatory role for them was not demonstrated. It is also well known that the IP3R is regulated by a vast array of associated proteins, but only relatively recently proteins were identified that can be linked to the regulation of the IP3R by intraluminal Ca2+. The first to be reported was annexin A1 that is proposed to associate with the second intraluminal loop of the IP3R at high intraluminal Ca2+ levels and to inhibit the IP3R. More recently, ERdj5/PDIA19 reductase was described to reduce an intraluminal disulfide bridge of IP3R1 only at low intraluminal Ca2+ levels and thereby to inhibit the IP3R. Annexin A1 and ERdj5/PDIA19 can therefore explain most of the experimental results on the regulation of the IP3R by intraluminal Ca2+. Further studies are needed to provide a fuller understanding of the regulation of the IP3R from the intraluminal side. These findings underscore the importance of the state of the endoplasmic reticulum in the control of IP3R activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 - Box 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 - Box 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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44
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Abdel-Razek O, Marzouk A, MacKinnon M, Guy ET, Pohar SA, Zhushma E, Liu J, Sia I, Gokey JJ, Tay HG, Amack JD. Calcium signaling mediates proliferation of the precursor cells that give rise to the ciliated left-right organizer in the zebrafish embryo. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1292076. [PMID: 38152112 PMCID: PMC10751931 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1292076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several of our internal organs, including heart, lungs, stomach, and spleen, develop asymmetrically along the left-right (LR) body axis. Errors in establishing LR asymmetry, or laterality, of internal organs during early embryonic development can result in birth defects. In several vertebrates-including humans, mice, frogs, and fish-cilia play a central role in establishing organ laterality. Motile cilia in a transient embryonic structure called the "left-right organizer" (LRO) generate a directional fluid flow that has been proposed to be detected by mechanosensory cilia to trigger asymmetric signaling pathways that orient the LR axis. However, the mechanisms that control the form and function of the ciliated LRO remain poorly understood. In the zebrafish embryo, precursor cells called dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) develop into a transient ciliated structure called Kupffer's vesicle (KV) that functions as the LRO. DFCs can be visualized and tracked in the embryo, thereby providing an opportunity to investigate mechanisms that control LRO development. Previous work revealed that proliferation of DFCs via mitosis is a critical step for developing a functional KV. Here, we conducted a targeted pharmacological screen to identify mechanisms that control DFC proliferation. Small molecule inhibitors of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) were found to reduce DFC mitosis. The SERCA pump is involved in regulating intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration. To visualize Ca2+ in living embryos, we generated transgenic zebrafish using the fluorescent Ca2+ biosensor GCaMP6f. Live imaging identified dynamic cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients ("flux") that occur unambiguously in DFCs. In addition, we report Ca2+ flux events that occur in the nucleus of DFCs. Nuclear Ca2+ flux occurred in DFCs that were about to undergo mitosis. We find that SERCA inhibitor treatments during DFC proliferation stages alters Ca2+ dynamics, reduces the number of ciliated cells in KV, and alters embryo laterality. Mechanistically, SERCA inhibitor treatments eliminated both cytoplasmic and nuclear Ca2+ flux events, and reduced progression of DFCs through the S/G2 phases of the cell cycle. These results identify SERCA-mediated Ca2+ signaling as a mitotic regulator of the precursor cells that give rise to the ciliated LRO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Abdel-Razek
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Marzouk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Madison MacKinnon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Edward T. Guy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Sonny A. Pohar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Emily Zhushma
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Isabel Sia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Jason J. Gokey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Hwee Goon Tay
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, NY, United States
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45
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Wu L, Chen J. Type 3 IP3 receptor: Its structure, functions, and related disease implications. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2267416. [PMID: 37818548 PMCID: PMC10569359 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2267416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-fate decisions depend on the precise and strict regulation of multiple signaling molecules and transcription factors, especially intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and dynamics. Type 3 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R3) is an a tetrameric channel that can mediate the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in response to extracellular stimuli. The gating of IP3R3 is regulated not only by ligands but also by other interacting proteins. To date, extensive research conducted on the basic structure of IP3R3, as well as its regulation by ligands and interacting proteins, has provided novel perspectives on its biological functions and pathogenic mechanisms. This review aims to discuss recent advancements in the study of IP3R3 and provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant literature pertaining to its structure, biological functions, and pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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46
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Sołtys K, Tarczewska A, Bystranowska D. Modulation of biomolecular phase behavior by metal ions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119567. [PMID: 37582439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) appears to be a newly appreciated aspect of the cellular organization of biomolecules that leads to the formation of membraneless organelles (MLOs). MLOs generate distinct microenvironments where particular biomolecules are highly concentrated compared to those in the surrounding environment. Their thermodynamically driven formation is reversible, and their liquid nature allows them to fuse with each other. Dysfunctional biomolecular condensation is associated with human diseases. Pathological states of MLOs may originate from the mutation of proteins or may be induced by other factors. In most aberrant MLOs, transient interactions are replaced by stronger and more rigid interactions, preventing their dissolution, and causing their uncontrolled growth and dysfunction. For these reasons, there is great interest in identifying factors that modulate LLPS. In this review, we discuss an enigmatic and mostly unexplored aspect of this process, namely, the regulatory effects of metal ions on the phase behavior of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sołtys
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aneta Tarczewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dominika Bystranowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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47
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Gong Y, Ge L, Li Q, Gong J, Chen M, Gao H, Kang J, Yu T, Li J, Xu H. Ethanol Causes Cell Death and Neuronal Differentiation Defect During Initial Neurogenesis of the Neural Retina by Disrupting Calcium Signaling in Human Retinal Organoids. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2790-2806. [PMID: 37603136 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) affects a significant proportion, exceeding 90%, of afflicted children, leading to severe ocular aberrations such as microphthalmia and optic nerve hypoplasia. During the early stages of pregnancy, the commencement of neural retina neurogenesis represents a critical period for human eye development, concurrently exposing the developing retinal structures to the highest risk of prenatal ethanol exposure due to a lack of awareness. Despite the paramount importance of this period, the precise influence and underlying mechanisms of short-term ethanol exposure on the developmental process of the human neural retina have remained largely elusive. In this study, we utilize the human embryonic stem cells derived retinal organoids (hROs) to recapitulate the initial retinal neurogenesis and find that 1% (v/v) ethanol slows the growth of hROs by inducing robust cell death and retinal ganglion cell differentiation defect. Bulk RNA-seq analysis and two-photon microscope live calcium imaging reveal altered calcium signaling dynamics derived from ethanol-induced down-regulation of RYR1 and CACNA1S. Moreover, the calcium-binding protein RET, one of the downstream effector genes of the calcium signaling pathway, synergistically integrates ethanol and calcium signals to abort neuron differentiation and cause cell death. To sum up, our study illustrates the effect and molecular mechanism of ethanol on the initial neurogenesis of the human embryonic neural retina, providing a novel interpretation of the ocular phenotype of FAS and potentially informing preventative measures for susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Southwest Hospital/ Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingling Ge
- Southwest Hospital/ Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyou Li
- Southwest Hospital/ Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gong
- Southwest Hospital/ Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Min Chen
- Southwest Hospital/ Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- Southwest Hospital/ Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Kang
- Southwest Hospital/ Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 89th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/ Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Franco-Obregón A. Harmonizing Magnetic Mitohormetic Regenerative Strategies: Developmental Implications of a Calcium-Mitochondrial Axis Invoked by Magnetic Field Exposure. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1176. [PMID: 37892906 PMCID: PMC10604793 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitohormesis is a process whereby mitochondrial stress responses, mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), act cumulatively to either instill survival adaptations (low ROS levels) or to produce cell damage (high ROS levels). The mitohormetic nature of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure thus makes it susceptible to extraneous influences that also impinge on mitochondrial ROS production and contribute to the collective response. Consequently, magnetic stimulation paradigms are prone to experimental variability depending on diverse circumstances. The failure, or inability, to control for these factors has contributed to the existing discrepancies between published reports and in the interpretations made from the results generated therein. Confounding environmental factors include ambient magnetic fields, temperature, the mechanical environment, and the conventional use of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Biological factors include cell type and seeding density as well as the developmental, inflammatory, or senescence statuses of cells that depend on the prior handling of the experimental sample. Technological aspects include magnetic field directionality, uniformity, amplitude, and duration of exposure. All these factors will exhibit manifestations at the level of ROS production that will culminate as a unified cellular response in conjunction with magnetic exposure. Fortunately, many of these factors are under the control of the experimenter. This review will focus on delineating areas requiring technical and biological harmonization to assist in the designing of therapeutic strategies with more clearly defined and better predicted outcomes and to improve the mechanistic interpretation of the generated data, rather than on precise applications. This review will also explore the underlying mechanistic similarities between magnetic field exposure and other forms of biophysical stimuli, such as mechanical stimuli, that mutually induce elevations in intracellular calcium and ROS as a prerequisite for biological outcome. These forms of biophysical stimuli commonly invoke the activity of transient receptor potential cation channel classes, such as TRPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; ; Tel.: +65-6777-8427 or +65-6601-6143
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
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49
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Fjærvoll HK, Fjærvoll KA, Yang M, Bair J, Utheim TP, Dartt DA. Purinergic 2X 4 (P2X4), but not P2X7, receptors increase cytosolic [Ca 2+] and stimulate mucin secretion in rat conjunctival goblet cells to maintain ocular surface health. Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109614. [PMID: 37580003 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Ionotropic purinergic receptors (P2XRs) are activated by ATP and ATP analogs. ATP can be released through ATP-permeable channels such as the pannexin hemichannels. Upon activation, the P2XRs become permeable to Ca2+, a potent stimulator of mucin secretion in conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and function of P2XRs in CGCs. We also examined the presence of pannexin hemichannels. Rat first passage CGCs were stained with the goblet cell marker anti-cytokeratin 7 antibody and specific antibodies to P2X1-7 receptors and pannexin 1-3. mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR using primers specific to P2XRs and pannexins. Proteins were identified with Western blotting (WB) using the same antibodies as for immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. To study receptor function, CGCs were incubated with Fura 2-AM, exposed to agonists and antagonists, and intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) measured. [Ca2+]i was also measured after knock down of P2X4 and P2X7 receptor expression, and when exploiting P2XR specific characteristics. Lastly, mucin secretion was measured after the addition of several P2XR agonists. All P2XRs and pannexins were visualized with IF microscopy, and identified with RT-PCR and WB. [Ca2+]i was significantly increased when stimulated with ATP (10-7-10-4 M). Suramin, a non-selective P2XR antagonist at 10-4 M did not reduce ATP-induced peak [Ca2+]i. The potent P2X7 agonist, BzATP (10-7-10-4 M) increased the [Ca2+]i, although to a lesser extent than ATP. When measuring [Ca2+]i the effect of repeated applications of ATP at 10-5 or 10-6 M the response "desensitized" after 30-60 s. The P2X4 specific antagonist 5-BDBD decreased the P2X4 agonist, 2MeSATP,-induced [Ca2+]i increase. Furthermore, siRNA against the P2X4R, but not the P2X7R, decreased agonist-induced peak [Ca2+]i. ATP (10-5 M), BzATP (10-4 M) and 2MeSATP (10-5 M) induced mucin secretion. We conclude that all seven P2XRs are present in cultured rat CGCs. Of the P2XRs, only activation of the homotrimeric P2X4R appears to increase [Ca2+]i and induce mucin secretion. The P2X4R in CGCs offers a new therapeutic target for protective mucin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haakon K Fjærvoll
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Medical Student Research Program, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ketil A Fjærvoll
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Medical Student Research Program, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Menglu Yang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Bair
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Medical Student Research Program, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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50
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GamalEl Din SF, Zeidan A, Salam MAA, El Kader NAEHA, Mohamed SA, Azmy MF. Seminal Calbindin 2 in Infertile Men With Varicocele: A Prospective Comparative Study. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3077-3083. [PMID: 37067726 PMCID: PMC10556120 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared seminal calbindin 2 (CALB 2) levels and semen parameters in men with and without varicocele. CALB 2 is also known as calretinin and 29 kDa calbindin. The study was a case-control study conducted from April (2021) to March (2022) in the andrology department at Beni-Suef University hospital. The study included four matched groups: group (I) were controls (fertile normozoospermic men without varicocele) (n=24). Group (II) were fertile normozoospermic men with varicocele (n=24). Group (III) were infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) men without varicocele (n=24). Group (IV) were infertile OAT men with varicocele (n=24). The lowest levels of seminal CALB 2 were found in patients with severe oligozoospermia which showed a statistically significant difference when compared to seminal CALB 2 in patients with normal, mildly low, or moderately low sperm counts. There were significant negative correlations between sperm concentration, sperm motility and percentage of normal sperm forms and seminal CALB 2. Seminal plasma CALB 2 may play a role in the negative impact of varicocele on the semen parameters especially sperm concentration, sperm motility and percentage of sperm normal forms. Future studies are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Fayek GamalEl Din
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine - Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf Zeidan
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine - Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Salam
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine - Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed Farag Azmy
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine - Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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