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Perotti MF, Posé D, Martín-Pizarro C. Non-climacteric fruit development and ripening regulation: 'the phytohormones show'. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6237-6253. [PMID: 37449770 PMCID: PMC10627154 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening involves numerous physiological, structural, and metabolic changes that result in the formation of edible fruits. This process is controlled at different molecular levels, with essential roles for phytohormones, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications. Fleshy fruits are classified as either climacteric or non-climacteric species. Climacteric fruits are characterized by a burst in respiration and ethylene production at the onset of ripening, while regulation of non-climacteric fruit ripening has been commonly attributed to abscisic acid (ABA). However, there is controversy as to whether mechanisms regulating fruit ripening are shared between non-climacteric species, and to what extent other hormones contribute alongside ABA. In this review, we summarize classic and recent studies on the accumulation profile and role of ABA and other important hormones in the regulation of non-climacteric fruit development and ripening, as well as their crosstalk, paying special attention to the two main non-climacteric plant models, strawberry and grape. We highlight both the common and different roles of these regulators in these two crops, and discuss the importance of the transcriptional and environmental regulation of fruit ripening, as well as the need to optimize genetic transformation methodologies to facilitate gene functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Perotti
- Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - David Posé
- Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Martín-Pizarro
- Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain
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2
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Paponov M, Verheul MJ, Dobrev PI, Paponov IA. Additive effects of light and branching on fruit size and chemical fruit quality of greenhouse tomatoes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1221163. [PMID: 37941676 PMCID: PMC10628543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1221163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Greenhouse tomato growers face the challenge of balancing fruit size and chemical quality traits. This study focused on elucidating the interplay between plant branching and light management on these traits, while maintaining consistent shoot density. Methods We evaluated one- and two-shoot plants under varying top light intensities using high-pressure sodium lamps and light-emitting diode (LED) inter-lighting. Results The reduced yield in the two-shoot plants was mainly due to smaller fruit size, but not due to source strength limitations, as evaluated through leaf weight ratio (LWR), chlorophyll index, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter percentage, and stem soluble carbohydrate accumulation. Enhanced lighting improved fruit weight and various fruit traits, such as dry matter content, total soluble carbohydrate content, and phenolic content, for both one- and two-shoot plant types. Despite lower mean fruit weight, two-shoot plants exhibited higher values for chemical fruit quality traits, indicating that the fruit growth of two-shoot plants is not limited by the available carbohydrates (source strength), but by the fruit sink strength. Diurnal analysis of fruit growth showed that two-shoot plants had reduced expansion during light transitions. This drop in fruit expansion was not related to changes in root pressure (measured as xylem sap exudation from decapitated plants), but might be related to diminished xylem area in the stem joint of the two-shoot plants. The concentration of several hormones, including cytokinins, was lower in two-shoot plants, suggesting a reduced fruit sink capacity. Discussion The predominant impact of branching to two-shoot plants on sink capacity suggests that the fruit growth is not limited by available carbohydrates (source strength). Alongside the observation that light supplementation and branching exert independent additive effects on fruit size and chemical traits, this illuminates the potential to independently regulate these aspects in greenhouse tomato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Paponov
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Michel J. Verheul
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Petre I. Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivan A. Paponov
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Subramanian S, Mitkus E, Souleimanov A, Smith DL. Lipo-chitooligosaccharide and thuricin 17 act as plant growth promoters and alleviate drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1184158. [PMID: 37601342 PMCID: PMC10436337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipo-chito-oligosaccharide (LCO-from Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and thuricin 17 (Th17-from Bacillus thuringiensis) are bacterial signal compounds from the rhizosphere of soybean that have been shown to enhance plant growth in a range of legumes and non-legumes. In this study, an attempt to quantify phytohormones involved in the initial hours after exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana to these compounds was conducted using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A petri-plate assay was conducted to screen for drought stress tolerance to PEG 8000 infusion and plant growth was studied 21-days post-stress. Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown in trays with drought stress imposed by water withhold were used for free proline determination, elemental analysis, and untargeted proteomics using LC-MS/MS studies. At 24 h post-exposure to the signal compounds under optimal growth conditions, Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes varied in their responses to the two signals. While LCO-treated rosettes showed a decrease in total IAA, cytokinins, gibberellins, and jasmonic acid, increases in ABA and SA was very clear. Th17-treated rosettes, on the other hand, showed an increase in IAA and SA. Both treatments resulted in decreased JA levels. Under severe drought stress imposed by PEG 8000 infusion, LCO and Th17 treatments were found to significantly increase fresh and dry weight over drought-stressed control plates, indicating that the presence of the signaling compounds decreased the negative effects experienced by the plants. Free proline content increased in LCO- and Th17-treated plants after water-withhold drought stress. Elemental analysis showed a significant increase in carbon percentage at the lower concentration of Th17. Untargeted proteomics revealed changes in the levels of drought-specific ribosomal proteins, glutathione S-transferase, late embryogenesis proteins, vegetative storage proteins 1 and 2, thaumatin-like proteins, and those related to chloroplast and carbon metabolism. The roles of some of these significantly affected proteins detected under drought stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Mitkus
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alfred Souleimanov
- Department of Plant Sciences, MacDonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, MacDonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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4
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Balarynová J, Klčová B, Tarkowská D, Turečková V, Trněný O, Špundová M, Ochatt S, Smýkal P. Domestication has altered the ABA and gibberellin profiles in developing pea seeds. PLANTA 2023; 258:25. [PMID: 37351659 PMCID: PMC10290032 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We showed that wild pea seeds contained a more diverse combination of bioactive GAs and had higher ABA content than domesticated peas. Although the role of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) interplay has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis and cereals models, comparatively little is known about the effect of domestication on the level of phytohormones in legume seeds. In legumes, as in other crops, seed dormancy has been largely or entirely removed during domestication. In this study, we have measured the endogenous levels of ABA and GAs comparatively between wild and domesticated pea seeds during their development. We have shown that wild seeds contained more ABA than domesticated ones, which could be important for preparing the seeds for the period of dormancy. ABA was catabolised particularly by an 8´-hydroxylation pathway, and dihydrophaseic acid was the main catabolite in seed coats as well as embryos. Besides, the seed coats of wild and pigmented cultivated genotypes were characterised by a broader spectrum of bioactive GAs compared to non-pigmented domesticated seeds. GAs in both seed coat and embryo were synthesized mainly by a 13-hydroxylation pathway, with GA29 being the most abundant in the seed coat and GA20 in the embryos. Measuring seed water content and water loss indicated domesticated pea seeds´ desiccation was slower than that of wild pea seeds. Altogether, we showed that pea domestication led to a change in bioactive GA composition and a lower ABA content during seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Balarynová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Klčová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Trněný
- Agriculture Research Ltd., 664 41, Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Špundová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Ochatt
- Agroécologie, InstitutAgro Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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5
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Bai YL, Yin X, Xiong CF, Cai BD, Wu Y, Zhang XY, Wei Z, Ye T, Feng YQ. Neophaseic acid catabolism in the 9'-hydroxylation pathway of abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100340. [PMID: 35585783 PMCID: PMC9482987 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) hydroxylation is an important pathway for ABA inactivation and homeostasis maintenance. Here, we discover a new downstream catabolite of neophaseic acid (neoPA) in the ABA 9'-hydroxyl pathway and identify it as epi-neodihydrophaseic acid (epi-neoDPA) by comparing its accurate mass, retention time, and MSn spectra with those of our chemically synthesized epi-neoDPA. Analyses of Arabidopsis seed germination and ABA-related gene expression reveal that neoPA rather than epi-neoDPA possesses ABA-like hormonal activity. In vitro enzyme activity tests of prokaryotic recombinant protein reveal that NeoPAR1 (neoPA reductase 1) identified from Arabidopsis converts neoPA into epi-neoDPA. Site-directed mutation at Tyr163 in the conserved motif of NeoPAR1 abolishes the catalytic activity of NeoPAR1. Accelerated seed germination was observed in NeoPAR1 knockdown and knockout mutants, whereas retarded seed germination and the accumulation of epi-neoDPA and ABA were observed in NeoPAR1 overexpression lines, suggesting that NeoPAR1 is involved in seed germination and maintenance of ABA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Feng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Dong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China.
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China.
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6
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Bai YL, Xiong CF, Yin X, Ye T, Cai BD, Song WL, Feng YQ. Screening and Identification of Potential Abscisic Acid Catabolites by Chemical Labeling-Assisted Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8808-8818. [PMID: 35796587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a screening strategy was established based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry assisted by chemical isotope labeling (CIL-UPLC-HRMS) for screening and identifying abscisic acid (ABA) catabolites. Based on the structures of known ABA catabolites, this strategy first proposed the structures of catabolites to be discovered. Afterward, a pair of isotope reagents N,N-2-dimethylaminoethylamine (DMED) and d4-DMED were used as labeling reagents to label the carboxyl groups in ABA and its catabolites. Then, the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of DMED- and d4-DMED-labeled ABA catabolites was calculated based on the labeling schema. In light of the characteristic fragmentation patterns of the DMED-labeled standards of ABA and its catabolites, screening criteria were formulated. Using our strategy, ABA, t-ABA, and 18 ABA catabolites were identified from seven plant samples. Of the identified catabolites, 16 were known, and to our knowledge, 2 were previously unidentified. Our findings contribute to ABA catabolic network improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cai-Feng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bao-Dong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen-Li Song
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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7
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Alagoz Y, Mi J, Balakrishna A, Almarwaey L, Al-Babili S. Characterizing cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in plant apocarotenoid metabolism by using an engineered yeast system. Methods Enzymol 2022; 671:527-552. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Metabolomic Approaches to Studying the Response to Drought Stress in Corn ( Zea mays) Cobs. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070438. [PMID: 34357332 PMCID: PMC8305929 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is a technique that allows for the evaluation of the entire extractable chemical profile of a plant, for example, using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and can be used to evaluate plant stress responses, such as those due to drought. Metabolomic analysis is dependent upon the efficiency of the extraction protocol. Currently, there are two common extraction procedures widely used in metabolomic experiments, those that extract from plant tissue processed in liquid nitrogen or extraction from lyophilised plant tissues. Here, we evaluated the two using non-targeted metabolomics to show that lyophilisation can stabilise the maize (Zea mays) extractable metabolome, increasing throughput and efficiency of extraction as compared to the more traditional processing in liquid nitrogen. Then, we applied the lyophilisation approach to explore the effect of drought upon the maize metabolome in a non-targeted HRMS metabolomics approach. Metabolomics revealed differences in the mature maize metabolome having undergone three drought conditions imposed at two critical development stages (three-leaf stage and grain-fill stage); moreover, this difference was observed across two tissue types (kernel and inner cob/pith). It was shown that under ideal conditions, the biochemical make-up of the tissue types is different. However, under stress conditions, the stress response dominates the metabolic profile. Drought-related metabolites known from other plant systems have been identified and metabolomics has revealed potential novel drought-stress indicators in our maize system.
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9
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Auler PA, Nogueira do Amaral M, Rossatto T, Lopez Crizel R, Milech C, Clasen Chaves F, Maia Souza G, Bolacel Braga EJ. Metabolism of abscisic acid in two contrasting rice genotypes submitted to recurrent water deficit. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:304-316. [PMID: 32421869 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the main constrain for crops worldwide, however, the effects of recurrent water deficit remain still hidden. We analysed two rice genotypes, 'BRS-Querência' (lowlands) and 'AN-Cambará' (uplands), after 7 days of recurrent drought followed by 24 h of rehydration, hypothesising that genotypes grown in regions with different water availabilities respond differently to water deficits, and that a previous exposure to stress could alter abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism. The results showed that both genotypes reduced stomatal conductance and increased ABA concentration. After rehydration, the ABA levels decreased, mainly in the plants of BRS-Querência subjected to recurrent stress. However, the levels of ABA were higher in plants in recurrent water deficit compared to non-recurrent stress plants in both genotypes. Remarkably in the lowland genotype, the ABA glucosyl-ester (ABA-GE) concentration increased after recovery in the plants under recurrent stress. Regarding of gene expression, the genes associated in ABA biosynthesis with the highest expression levels were NCED2, NCED3, NCED4 and AAO2. However, 'AN-Cambará' showed less transcriptional activation. Taking into account the genes involved in ABA catabolism, ABAH1 appears to play an important role related to the recurrent stress in upland plants. These results indicate that one of the factors that can promote greater tolerance for the upland genotype is the tradeoff between ABA and ABA-GE when plants are subjected to water deficits. In addition, they indicate that abscisic acid metabolism is altered due to the genotype (upland or lowland) and pre-exposure to stress can also modify adaptive responses in rice varieties (recurrent stress).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ariane Auler
- Department of Botany, Biology Institute, Plant Physiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Nogueira do Amaral
- Department of Botany, Biology Institute, Plant Physiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rossatto
- Department of Botany, Biology Institute, Plant Physiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Rosane Lopez Crizel
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology - Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristini Milech
- Department of Botany, Biology Institute, Plant Physiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabio Clasen Chaves
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology - Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Maia Souza
- Department of Botany, Biology Institute, Plant Physiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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10
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Sano N, Marion-Poll A. ABA Metabolism and Homeostasis in Seed Dormancy and Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5069. [PMID: 34064729 PMCID: PMC8151144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone that promotes dormancy during seed development on the mother plant and after seed dispersal participates in the control of dormancy release and germination in response to environmental signals. The modulation of ABA endogenous levels is largely achieved by fine-tuning, in the different seed tissues, hormone synthesis by cleavage of carotenoid precursors and inactivation by 8'-hydroxylation. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on ABA metabolism in developing and germinating seeds; notably, how environmental signals such as light, temperature and nitrate control seed dormancy through the adjustment of hormone levels. A number of regulatory factors have been recently identified which functional relationships with major transcription factors, such as ABA INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), ABI4 and ABI5, have an essential role in the control of seed ABA levels. The increasing importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of ABA metabolism gene expression is also described. In the last section, we give an overview of natural variations of ABA metabolism genes and their effects on seed germination, which could be useful both in future studies to better understand the regulation of ABA metabolism and to identify candidates as breeding materials for improving germination properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Marion-Poll
- IJPB Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France;
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11
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Figueroa NE, Hoffmann T, Olbricht K, Abrams SR, Schwab W. Contrasting dynamics in abscisic acid metabolism in different Fragaria spp. during fruit ripening and identification of the enzymes involved. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1245-1259. [PMID: 33130885 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone in non-climacteric Fragaria spp, regulating multiple physiological processes throughout fruit ripening. Its concentration increases during ripening, and it promotes fruit (receptacle) development. However, its metabolism in the fruit is largely unknown. We analyzed the concentrations of ABA and its catabolites at different developmental stages of strawberry ripening in diploid and octoploid genotypes and identified two functional ABA-glucosyltransferases (FvUGT71A49 and FvUGT73AC3) and two regiospecific ABA-8'-hydroxylases (FaCYP707A4a and FaCYP707A1/3). ABA-glucose ester content increased during ripening in diploid F. vesca varieties but decreased in octoploid F.×ananassa. Dihydrophaseic acid content increased throughout ripening in all analyzed receptacles, while 7'-hydroxy-ABA and neo-phaseic acid did not show significant changes during ripening. In the studied F. vesca varieties, the receptacle seems to be the main tissue for ABA metabolism, as the concentration of ABA and its metabolites in the receptacle was generally 100 times higher than in achenes. The accumulation patterns of ABA catabolites and transcriptomic data from the literature show that all strawberry fruits produce and metabolize considerable amounts of the plant hormone ABA during ripening, which is therefore a conserved process, but also illustrate the diversity of this metabolic pathway which is species, variety, and tissue dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás E Figueroa
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Suzanne R Abrams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
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12
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Chen H, Tong J, Fu W, Liang Z, Ruan J, Yu Y, Song X, Yuan L, Xiao L, Liu J, Cui Y, Huang S, Li C. The H3K27me3 Demethylase RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING6 Suppresses Seed Dormancy by Inducing Abscisic Acid Catabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:1969-1978. [PMID: 33037128 PMCID: PMC7723082 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait that is crucial to plant survival. Abscisic acid (ABA) is the primary phytohormone that induces seed dormancy. However, little is known about how the level of ABA in seeds is determined. Here we show that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) H3K27me3 demethylase RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING6 (REF6) suppresses seed dormancy by inducing ABA catabolism in seeds. Seeds of the ref6 loss-of-function mutants displayed enhanced dormancy that was associated with increased endogenous ABA content. We further show that the transcripts of two genes key to ABA catabolism, CYP707A1 and CYP707A3, but not genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, were significantly reduced in ref6 mutants during seed development and germination. In developing siliques, REF6 bound directly to CYP707A1 and CYP707A3, and was responsible for reducing their H3K27me3 levels. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the enhanced seed dormancy and ABA concentration in ref6 depended mainly on the reduced expression of CYP707A1 and CYP707A3 Conversely, overexpression of CYP707A1 could offset the enhanced seed dormancy of ref6 Taken together, our results revealed an epigenetic regulation mechanism that is involved in the regulation of ABA content in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128 Changsha, China
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiuxiao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoguang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangbing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128 Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhai Cui
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Shangzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
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13
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Abstract
Drought is a severe environmental constraint, which significantly affects plant growth, productivity, and quality. Plants have developed specific mechanisms that perceive the stress signals and respond to external environmental changes via different mitigation strategies. Abscisic acid (ABA), being one of the phytohormones, serves as an important signaling mediator for plants’ adaptive response to a variety of environmental stresses. ABA triggers many physiological processes, including bud dormancy, seed germination, stomatal closure, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive gene expression. The site of its biosynthesis and action must be clarified to understand the signaling network of ABA. Various studies have documented multiple sites for ABA biosynthesis, their transporter proteins in the plasma membrane, and several components of ABA-dependent signaling pathways, suggesting that the ABA response to external stresses is a complex networking mechanism. Knowing about stress signals and responses will increase our ability to enhance crop stress tolerance through the use of various advanced techniques. This review will elaborate on the ABA biosynthesis, transportation, and signaling pathways at the molecular level in response to drought stress, which will add a new insight for future studies.
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14
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Hewage KAH, Yang J, Wang D, Hao G, Yang G, Zhu J. Chemical Manipulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling: A New Approach to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Agriculture. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001265. [PMID: 32999840 PMCID: PMC7509701 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is the best-known stress signaling molecule in plants. ABA protects sessile land plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The conserved pyrabactin resistance/pyrabactin resistance-like/regulatory component of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) perceives ABA and triggers a cascade of signaling events. A thorough knowledge of the sequential steps of ABA signaling will be necessary for the development of chemicals that control plant stress responses. The core components of the ABA signaling pathway have been identified with adequate characterization. The information available concerning ABA biosynthesis, transport, perception, and metabolism has enabled detailed functional studies on how the protective ability of ABA in plants might be modified to increase plant resistance to stress. Some of the significant contributions to chemical manipulation include ABA biosynthesis inhibitors, and ABA receptor agonists and antagonists. Chemical manipulation of key control points in ABA signaling is important for abiotic and biotic stress management in agriculture. However, a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of chemical manipulation of ABA signaling is lacking. Here, a thorough analysis of recent reports on small-molecule modulation of ABA signaling is provided. The challenges and prospects in the chemical manipulation of ABA signaling for the development of ABA-based agrochemicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalani Achala H. Hewage
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Ge‐Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and EngineeringTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biologyand CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai20032P. R. China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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15
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The signalling role of ROS in the regulation of seed germination and dormancy. Biochem J 2020; 476:3019-3032. [PMID: 31657442 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile compounds which can have toxic or signalling effects in a wide range living organisms, including seeds. They have been reported to play a pivotal role in the regulation of seed germination and dormancy but their mechanisms of action are still far from being fully understood. In this review, we sum-up the major findings that have been carried out this last decade in this field of research and which altogether shed a new light on the signalling roles of ROS in seed physiology. ROS participate in dormancy release during seed dry storage through the direct oxidation of a subset of biomolecules. During seed imbibition, the controlled generation of ROS is involved in the perception and transduction of environmental conditions that control germination. When these conditions are permissive for germination, ROS levels are maintained at a level which triggers cellular events associated with germination, such as hormone signalling. Here we propose that the spatiotemporal regulation of ROS production acts in concert with hormone signalling to regulate the cellular events involved in cell expansion associated with germination.
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16
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Gietler M, Fidler J, Labudda M, Nykiel M. Abscisic Acid-Enemy or Savior in the Response of Cereals to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4607. [PMID: 32610484 PMCID: PMC7369871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is well-known phytohormone involved in the control of plant natural developmental processes, as well as the stress response. Although in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) its role in mechanism of the tolerance to most common abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, or extreme temperatures seems to be fairly well recognized, not many authors considered that changes in ABA content may also influence the sensitivity of cereals to adverse environmental factors, e.g., by accelerating senescence, lowering pollen fertility, and inducing seed dormancy. Moreover, recently, ABA has also been regarded as an element of the biotic stress response; however, its role is still highly unclear. Many studies connect the susceptibility to various diseases with increased concentration of this phytohormone. Therefore, in contrast to the original assumptions, the role of ABA in response to biotic and abiotic stress does not always have to be associated with survival mechanisms; on the contrary, in some cases, abscisic acid can be one of the factors that increases the susceptibility of plants to adverse biotic and abiotic environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gietler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.F.); (M.L.); (M.N.)
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17
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Frackenpohl J, Schneider L, Decker LJB, Dittgen J, Fenkl F, Fischer C, Franke J, Freigang J, Getachew R, Gonzalez Fernandez-Nino SM, Helmke H, Hills MJ, Hohmann S, Kleemann J, Kurowski K, Lange G, Luemmen P, Meyering N, Poree F, Schmutzler D, Wrede S. Identifying new lead structures to enhance tolerance towards drought stress via high-throughput screening giving crops a quantum of solace. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115142. [PMID: 31685332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Novel synthetic lead structures interacting with RCAR/(PYR/PYL) receptor proteins were identified based on the results of a high-throughput screening campaign of a large compound library followed by focused SAR studies of the three most promising hit clusters. Whilst indolinylmethyl sulfonamides 8y,z and phenylsulfonyl ethylenediamines 9y,z showed strong affinities for RCAR/ (PYR/PYL) receptor proteins in wheat, thiotriazolyl acetamides 7f,s exhibited promising efficacy against drought stress in vivo (wheat, corn and canola) combined with confirmed target interaction in wheat and arabidopsis thaliana. Remarkably, binding affinities of several representatives of 8 and 9 were on the same level or even better than the essential plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Frackenpohl
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Linn Schneider
- Research & Development, Lead Discovery - Bayer AG, Pharmaceutical Division, Aprather Weg 18a, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Luka J B Decker
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Dittgen
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franz Fenkl
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Fischer
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jana Franke
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joerg Freigang
- Research & Development - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Rahel Getachew
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susana M Gonzalez Fernandez-Nino
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hendrik Helmke
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin J Hills
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Hohmann
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Kleemann
- Research & Development - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Karoline Kurowski
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gudrun Lange
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Luemmen
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicole Meyering
- Research & Development, Lead Discovery - Bayer AG, Pharmaceutical Division, Aprather Weg 18a, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Fabien Poree
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Schmutzler
- Research & Development, Weed Control - Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wrede
- Research & Development, Lead Discovery - Bayer AG, Pharmaceutical Division, Aprather Weg 18a, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany
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18
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Wan C, Li J, Zhao F, Yang D, Che C, Ding S, Hu Y, Xiao Y, Qin Z. Synthesis and plant growth regulatory activities of 2',3'-PhABA and iso-2',3'-PhABA esters. Mol Divers 2019; 24:119-130. [PMID: 30852722 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Methyl and phenyl esters of 2',3'-PhABA and iso-2',3'-PhABA were prepared for the biological investigation and development of practical applications. These esters exhibited excellent activity in most plant growth inhibitory assays. And, three esters were more efficient than ABA in stomatal closure. The 2',3'-PhABA analogs and their methyl esters have good stability in hydrolysis assay, and the different lipid solubility and permeability of different esters may be one of the origins of their active selectivity for different plants and physiological processes. Furthermore, in the study of drought tolerance, all four esters had comparable activity to ABA. These results suggest that these esters were potent plant growth regulator (PGR) candidates for anti-drought. The finding that different esters have different selective bioactivity and biophysical properties indicates that these esters not only function as ABA-like PGRs but also have the possibility as potential selective pro-hormone. 2',3'-BenzoABA esters as PGR candidates with prolonged and selective bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fenghai Zhao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dongyan Yang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuanliang Che
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Ding
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yimin Hu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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19
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Ma Y, Cao J, He J, Chen Q, Li X, Yang Y. Molecular Mechanism for the Regulation of ABA Homeostasis During Plant Development and Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113643. [PMID: 30463231 PMCID: PMC6274696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) play essential roles in numerous physiological processes such as seed dormancy, seed germination, seeding growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Such biological processes are tightly controlled by a complicated regulatory network including ABA homoeostasis, signal transduction as well as cross-talking among other signaling pathways. It is known that ABA homoeostasis modulated by its production, inactivation, and transport pathways is considered to be of great importance for plant development and stress responses. Most of the enzymes and transporters involved in ABA homoeostasis have been largely characterized and they all work synergistically to maintain ABA level in plants. Increasing evidence have suggested that transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in either ABA production or ABA inactivation plays vital roles in ABA homoeostasis. In addition to transcription factors, such progress is also regulated by microRNAs and newly characterized root to shoot mobile peptide-receptor like kinase (RLKs) mediated long-distance signal transduction. Thus, ABA contents are always kept in a dynamic balance. In this review, we survey recent research on ABA production, inactivation and transport pathways, and summarize some latest findings about the mechanisms that regulate ABA homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jiahan He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Qiaoqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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20
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Wang H, Chen W, Eggert K, Charnikhova T, Bouwmeester H, Schweizer P, Hajirezaei MR, Seiler C, Sreenivasulu N, von Wirén N, Kuhlmann M. Abscisic acid influences tillering by modulation of strigolactones in barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3883-3898. [PMID: 29982677 PMCID: PMC6054196 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent a class of plant hormones that are involved in inhibiting shoot branching and in promoting abiotic stress responses. There is evidence that the biosynthetic pathways of SLs and abscisic acid (ABA) are functionally connected. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the interaction of SLs and ABA, and the relevance of this interaction for shoot architecture. Based on sequence homology, four genes (HvD27, HvMAX1, HvCCD7, and HvCCD8) involved in SL biosynthesis were identified in barley and functionally verified by complementation of Arabidopsis mutants or by virus-induced gene silencing. To investigate the influence of ABA on SLs, two transgenic lines accumulating ABA as a result of RNAi-mediated down-regulation of HvABA 8'-hydroxylase 1 and 3 were employed. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed higher ABA levels in root and stem base tissues in these transgenic lines. Both lines showed enhanced tiller formation and lower concentrations of 5-deoxystrigol in root exudates, which was detected for the first time as a naturally occurring SL in barley. Lower expression levels of HvD27, HvMAX1, HvCCD7, and HvCCD8 indicated that ABA suppresses SL biosynthesis, leading to enhanced tiller formation in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Wanxin Chen
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Kai Eggert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schweizer
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Mohammad R Hajirezaei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Christiane Seiler
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Correspondence: or
| | - Markus Kuhlmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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21
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Frackenpohl J, Bojack G, Baltz R, Bickers U, Busch M, Dittgen J, Franke J, Freigang J, Grill E, Gonzalez S, Helmke H, Hills MJ, Hohmann S, von Koskull-Döring P, Kleemann J, Lange G, Lehr S, Schmutzler D, Schulz A, Walther K, Willms L, Wunschel C. Potent Analogues of Abscisic Acid - Identifying Cyano-Cyclopropyl Moieties as Promising Replacements for the Cyclohexenone Headgroup. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Frackenpohl
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Guido Bojack
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Rachel Baltz
- Bayer S.A.S. Centre de Recherche de La Dargoire; 14 Impasse Pierre Baizet 69263 Cedex 09 Lyon France
| | - Udo Bickers
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marco Busch
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jan Dittgen
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jana Franke
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jörg Freigang
- Research & Development, Research Technology; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Gebäude 6240, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50 40789 Monheim Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; Emil-Ramann-Straße 4 85354 Germany
| | - Susana Gonzalez
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Hendrik Helmke
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Martin J. Hills
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sabine Hohmann
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Pascal von Koskull-Döring
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jochen Kleemann
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Gudrun Lange
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dirk Schmutzler
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Arno Schulz
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Kerstin Walther
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Lothar Willms
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Christian Wunschel
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; Emil-Ramann-Straße 4 85354 Germany
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22
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Frackenpohl J, Grill E, Bojack G, Baltz R, Busch M, Dittgen J, Franke J, Freigang J, Gonzalez S, Heinemann I, Helmke H, Hills M, Hohmann S, von Koskull-Döring P, Kleemann J, Lange G, Lehr S, Müller T, Peschel E, Poree F, Schmutzler D, Schulz A, Willms L, Wunschel C. Insights into the in Vitro and in Vivo SAR of Abscisic Acid - Exploring Unprecedented Variations of the Side Chain via Cross-Coupling-Mediated Syntheses. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Frackenpohl
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; Emil-Ramann-Straße 4 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Guido Bojack
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Rachel Baltz
- Bayer S.A.S. Centre de Recherche de La Dargoire; 14 Impasse Pierre Baizet 69263 Cedex 09 Lyon France
| | - Marco Busch
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jan Dittgen
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jana Franke
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jörg Freigang
- Research & Development, Research Technology; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Gebäude 6240, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50 40789 Monheim Germany
| | - Susana Gonzalez
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Ines Heinemann
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Hendrik Helmke
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Martin Hills
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sabine Hohmann
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Pascal von Koskull-Döring
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jochen Kleemann
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Gudrun Lange
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Elisabeth Peschel
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Fabien Poree
- Bayer SAS, Toxicology, Toxicology Research; 355, rue Dostoievski, CS 90153 Valbonne, 06906 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex France
| | - Dirk Schmutzler
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Arno Schulz
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Lothar Willms
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Christian Wunschel
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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Wan C, Wang M, Yang D, Han X, Che C, Ding S, Xiao Y, Qin Z. Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2',3'-iso-Aryl-abscisic Acid Analogs. Molecules 2017; 22:E2229. [PMID: 29244719 PMCID: PMC6149786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
2',3'-iso-Benzoabscisic acid (iso-PhABA), an excellent selective abscisic acid (ABA) analog, was developed in our previous work. In order to find its more structure-activity information, some structural modifications were completed in this paper, including the substitution of phenyl ring and replacing the ring with heterocycles. Thus, 16 novel analogs of iso-PhABA were synthesized and screened with three bioassays, Arabidopsis and lettuce seed germination and rice seedling elongation. Some of them, i.e., 2',3'-iso-pyridoabscisic acid (iso-PyABA) and 2',3'-iso-franoabscisic acid (iso-FrABA), displayed good bioactivities that closed to iso-PhABA and natural (+)-ABA. Some others, for instance, substituted-iso-PhABA, exhibited certain selectivity to different physiological process when compared to iso-PhABA or (+)-ABA. These analogs not only provided new candidates of ABA-like synthetic plant growth regulators (PGRs) for practical application, but also new potential selective agonist/antagonist for probing the specific function of ABA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mingan Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dongyan Yang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Han
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Chuanliang Che
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shanshan Ding
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yumei Xiao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sussmilch FC, Brodribb TJ, McAdam SAM. What are the evolutionary origins of stomatal responses to abscisic acid in land plants? JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:240-260. [PMID: 28093875 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of active stomatal closure in response to leaf water deficit, mediated by the hormone abscisic acid (ABA), has been the subject of recent debate. Two different models for the timing of the evolution of this response recur in the literature. A single-step model for stomatal control suggests that stomata evolved active, ABA-mediated control of stomatal aperture, when these structures first appeared, prior to the divergence of bryophyte and vascular plant lineages. In contrast, a gradualistic model for stomatal control proposes that the most basal vascular plant stomata responded passively to changes in leaf water status. This model suggests that active ABA-driven mechanisms for stomatal responses to water status instead evolved after the divergence of seed plants, culminating in the complex, ABA-mediated responses observed in modern angiosperms. Here we review the findings that form the basis for these two models, including recent work that provides critical molecular insights into resolving this intriguing debate, and find strong evidence to support a gradualistic model for stomatal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Verslues PE. ABA and cytokinins: challenge and opportunity for plant stress research. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:629-640. [PMID: 26910054 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces many cellular mechanisms associated with drought resistance. Recent years have seen a rapid advance in our knowledge of how increased ABA levels are perceived by ABA receptors, particularly the PYL/RCAR receptors, but there has been relatively less new information about how ABA accumulation is controlled and matched to stress severity. ABA synthesis and catabolism, conjugation and deconjugation to glucose, and ABA transport all are involved in controlling ABA levels. This highly buffered system of ABA metabolism represents both a challenge and opportunity in developing a mechanistic understanding of how plants detect and respond to drought. Recent data have also shown that direct manipulation of cytokinin levels in transgenic plants has dramatic effect on drought phenotypes and prompted new interest in the role of cytokinins and cytokinin signaling in drought. Both ABA and cytokinins will continue to be major foci of drought research but likely with different trajectories both in terms of basic research and in translational research aimed at increasing plant performance during drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Verslues
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd, Nankang Dist., Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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Teh SS, Morlock GE. Effect-directed analysis of cold-pressed hemp, flax and canola seed oils by planar chromatography linked with (bio)assays and mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 187:460-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Saradadevi R, Bramley H, Palta JA, Edwards E, Siddique KHM. Root biomass in the upper layer of the soil profile is related to the stomatal response of wheat as the soil dries. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 43:62-74. [PMID: 32480442 DOI: 10.1071/fp15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Terminal drought is a common abiotic stress affecting wheat yield in Mediterranean-type environments. As terminal drought develops, top layers of the soil profile dry, exposing the upper part of the root system to soil water deficit while deeper roots can still access soil water. Since open stomata rapidly exhausts available soil water, reducing stomatal conductance to prolong availability of soil water during grain filling may improve wheat yields in water-limited environments. It was hypothesised that genotypes with more root biomass in the drying upper layer of the soil profile accumulate more abscisic acid in the leaf and initiate stomatal closure to regulate water use under terminal drought. The wheat cultivar Drysdale and the breeding line IGW-3262 were grown in pots horizontally split into two segments by a wax-coated layer that hydraulically isolated the top and bottom segments, but allowed roots to grow into the bottom segment. Terminal drought was induced from anthesis by withholding water from (i) the top segment only (DW) and (ii) the top and bottom segments (DD) while both segments in well-watered pots (WW) were maintained at 90% pot soil water capacity. Drysdale, initiated stomatal closure earlier than IGW-3262, possibly due to higher signal strength generated in its relatively larger proportion of roots in the drying top segment. The relationship between leaf ABA and stomatal conductance was strong in Drysdale but weak in IGW-3262. Analysis of ABA metabolites suggests possible differences in ABA metabolism between these two genotypes. A higher capability of deeper roots to extract available water is also important in reducing the gap between actual and potential yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Saradadevi
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Helen Bramley
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jairo A Palta
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Everard Edwards
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, PMB2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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28
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El-Maarouf-Bouteau H, Sajjad Y, Bazin J, Langlade N, Cristescu SM, Balzergue S, Baudouin E, Bailly C. Reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid and ethylene interact to regulate sunflower seed germination. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:364-74. [PMID: 24811898 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed dormancy is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can be alleviated by incubating dormant embryos in the presence of methylviologen (MV), a ROS-generating compound. Ethylene alleviates sunflower seed dormancy whereas abscisic acid (ABA) represses germination. The purposes of this study were to identify the molecular basis of ROS effect on seed germination and to investigate their possible relationship with hormone signalling pathways. Ethylene treatment provoked ROS generation in embryonic axis whereas ABA had no effect on their production. The beneficial effect of ethylene on germination was lowered in the presence of antioxidant compounds, and MV suppressed the inhibitory effect of ABA. MV treatment did not alter significantly ethylene nor ABA production during seed imbibition. Microarray analysis showed that MV treatment triggered differential expression of 120 probe sets (59 more abundant and 61 less abundant genes), and most of the identified transcripts were related to cell signalling components. Many transcripts less represented in MV-treated seeds were involved in ABA signalling, thus suggesting an interaction between ROS and ABA signalling pathways at the transcriptional level. Altogether, these results shed new light on the crosstalk between ROS and plant hormones in seed germination.
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Burrieza HP, López-Fernández MP, Maldonado S. Analogous reserve distribution and tissue characteristics in quinoa and grass seeds suggest convergent evolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:546. [PMID: 25360139 PMCID: PMC4199267 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa seeds are highly nutritious due to the quality of their proteins and lipids and the wide range of minerals and vitamins they store. Three compartments can be distinguished within the mature seed: embryo, endosperm, and perisperm. The distribution of main storage reserves is clearly different in those areas: the embryo and endosperm store proteins, lipids, and minerals, and the perisperm stores starch. Tissues equivalent (but not homologous) to those found in grasses can be identified in quinoa, suggesting the effectiveness of this seed reserve distribution strategy; as in cells of grass starchy endosperm, the cells of the quinoa perisperm endoreduplicate, increase in size, synthesize starch, and die during development. In addition, both systems present an extra-embryonic tissue that stores proteins, lipids and minerals: in gramineae, the aleurone layer(s) of the endosperm; in quinoa, the micropylar endosperm; in both cases, the tissues are living. Moreover, the quinoa micropylar endosperm and the coleorhiza in grasses play similar roles, protecting the root in the quiescent seed and controlling dormancy during germination. This investigation is just the beginning of a broader and comparative study of the development of quinoa and grass seeds. Several questions arise from this study, such as: how are synthesis and activation of seed proteins and enzymes regulated during development and germination, what are the genes involved in these processes, and lastly, what is the genetic foundation justifying the analogy to grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán P. Burrieza
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental y Aplicada – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - María P. López-Fernández
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental y Aplicada – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Sara Maldonado
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental y Aplicada – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
- *Correspondence: Sara Maldonado, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina e-mail:
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Danquah A, de Zelicourt A, Colcombet J, Hirt H. The role of ABA and MAPK signaling pathways in plant abiotic stress responses. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:40-52. [PMID: 24091291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have developed specific mechanisms that allow them to rapidly perceive and respond to stresses in the environment. Among the evolutionarily conserved pathways, the ABA (abscisic acid) signaling pathway has been identified as a central regulator of abiotic stress response in plants, triggering major changes in gene expression and adaptive physiological responses. ABA induces protein kinases of the SnRK family to mediate a number of its responses. Recently, MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) cascades have also been shown to be implicated in ABA signaling. Therefore, besides discussing the role of ABA in abiotic stress signaling, we will also summarize the evidence for a role of MAPKs in the context of abiotic stress and ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agyemang Danquah
- URGV Plant Genomics, INRA-CNRS-UEVE, Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Axel de Zelicourt
- URGV Plant Genomics, INRA-CNRS-UEVE, Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- URGV Plant Genomics, INRA-CNRS-UEVE, Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- URGV Plant Genomics, INRA-CNRS-UEVE, Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France
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32
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Arc E, Sechet J, Corbineau F, Rajjou L, Marion-Poll A. ABA crosstalk with ethylene and nitric oxide in seed dormancy and germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:63. [PMID: 23531630 PMCID: PMC3607800 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy is an adaptive trait that enables seed germination to coincide with favorable environmental conditions. It has been clearly demonstrated that dormancy is induced by abscisic acid (ABA) during seed development on the mother plant. After seed dispersal, germination is preceded by a decline in ABA in imbibed seeds, which results from ABA catabolism through 8'-hydroxylation. The hormonal balance between ABA and gibberellins (GAs) has been shown to act as an integrator of environmental cues to maintain dormancy or activate germination. The interplay of ABA with other endogenous signals is however less documented. In numerous species, ethylene counteracts ABA signaling pathways and induces germination. In Brassicaceae seeds, ethylene prevents the inhibitory effects of ABA on endosperm cap weakening, thereby facilitating endosperm rupture and radicle emergence. Moreover, enhanced seed dormancy in Arabidopsis ethylene-insensitive mutants results from greater ABA sensitivity. Conversely, ABA limits ethylene action by down-regulating its biosynthesis. Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed as a common actor in the ABA and ethylene crosstalk in seed. Indeed, convergent evidence indicates that NO is produced rapidly after seed imbibition and promotes germination by inducing the expression of the ABA 8'-hydroxylase gene, CYP707A2, and stimulating ethylene production. The role of NO and other nitrogen-containing compounds, such as nitrate, in seed dormancy breakage and germination stimulation has been reported in several species. This review will describe our current knowledge of ABA crosstalk with ethylene and NO, both volatile compounds that have been shown to counteract ABA action in seeds and to improve dormancy release and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Arc
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 INRA – AgroParisTech), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saclay Plant ScienceVersailles, France
- UFR de Physiologie végétale, AgroParisTechParis, France
| | - Julien Sechet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 INRA – AgroParisTech), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saclay Plant ScienceVersailles, France
| | - Françoise Corbineau
- Germination et Dormance des Semences, UR5 UPMC-EAC 7180 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6Paris, France
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 INRA – AgroParisTech), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saclay Plant ScienceVersailles, France
- UFR de Physiologie végétale, AgroParisTechParis, France
| | - Annie Marion-Poll
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 INRA – AgroParisTech), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saclay Plant ScienceVersailles, France
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Zheng Y, Huang Y, Xian W, Wang J, Liao H. Identification and expression analysis of the Glycine max CYP707A gene family in response to drought and salt stresses. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:743-56. [PMID: 22751653 PMCID: PMC3400457 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abscisic acid (ABA) plays crucial roles in plants' responses to abiotic stresses. ABA 8'-hydroxylation controlled by CYP707A genes has been well studied in Arabidopsis and rice, but not in legumes. The aims of the present study were to identify and functionally analyse the soybean CYP707A gene family, and to explore their expression patterns under dehydration and salt stresses. METHODS A complementation experiment was employed to verify the function of soybean CYP707A1a in ABA catabolism. Genomic and cDNA sequences of other soybean CYP707A genes were isolated from the Phytozome database based on soybean CYP707A1a. The structure and phylogenetic relationship of this gene family was further analysed. The expression patterns of soybean CYP707A genes under dehydration and salt stress were analysed via quantitative real-time PCR. KEY RESULTS Over-expression of GmCYP707A1a in the atcyp707a2 T-DNA insertion mutant decreased its sensitivity to ABA, indicating that GmCYP707A1a indeed functions as an ABA 8'-hydroxylase in higher plants. The soybean genome contains ten CYP707A genes. Gene structure and phylogenetic analysis showed high conservation of ten GmCYP707A genes to the other CYP707A genes from monocots and dicots. Seed imbibition induced expression of A1a, A1b, A2a, A2b, A2c, A3a and A5 in embryo, and expression of A1a, A1b, A2a and A2b in cotyledon. Dehydration induced expression of A1a, A1b, A2b, A2c, A3a, A3b, A4a, A4b and A5 both in roots and in leaves, whereas rehydration stimulated transcription of A2a, A2b, A3b, A4a and A5 in roots, and only A3b and A5 in leaves. Expression of all soybean CYP707A genes was induced either by short- or by long-term salt stress. CONCLUSIONS The first biological evidence is provided that GmCYP7071a encodes an ABA 8'-hydroxylase through transgenic studies. Ten soybean GmCYP707A genes were identified, most of them expressed in multiple soybean tissues, and were induced by imbibition, dehydration and salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Sreenivasulu N, Harshavardhan VT, Govind G, Seiler C, Kohli A. Contrapuntal role of ABA: does it mediate stress tolerance or plant growth retardation under long-term drought stress? Gene 2012; 506:265-73. [PMID: 22771691 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in defining the functional basis of abscisic acid in regulating growth, development and stress response have provided essential components for its actions. We are yet to envision the impact of how differential levels of ABA influence plant growth across life cycle. Here we reviewed the information arising from the recent unprecedented advancement made in the field of ABA signaling operative under calcium-dependent and calcium-independent pathways mediating the transcriptional reprogramming under short-term stress response. Advancement made in the field of ABA receptors and transporters has started to fill major gaps in our understanding of the ABA action. However, ABA just not only regulates guard cell movement but impacts other reproductive tissue development through massive transcriptional reprogramming events affecting various stages of the plant life cycle. Therefore many questions still remain unanswered. One such intriguing question is the contradictory role of ABA known to mediate two opposite faces of the coin: regulating abiotic stress tolerance and imparting growth retardation. In this review, we critically assessed the impact of substantial elevated levels of ABA on impairment of photosynthesis and growth alteration and its subsequent influence on seed yield formation. Excess biosynthesis of ABA under stress may deprive the same precursor pool necessary for chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway, thereby triggering growth retardation. Further, we emphasized the importance of ABA homeostasis for integrating stress cues towards coordinating sustainable plant growth. Also we provided a pertinent background on ABA biosynthesis and degradation pathway manipulation to highlight the genes and processes used in genetic engineering of plants for changed ABA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Sreenivasulu
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Interdiciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN) Research Group Stress Genomics, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
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Ye N, Jia L, Zhang J. ABA signal in rice under stress conditions. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 5:1. [PMID: 24764501 PMCID: PMC3834477 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-5-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ever since its discovery, abscisic acid (ABA) has been intensively studied due to its versatile functions in plant developmental and physiological processes. Many signaling details of ABA have been well elucidated and reviewed. The identification of ABA receptors is a great breakthrough in the field of ABA study, whereas the discovery of ABA transporter has changed our concept that ABA is delivered solely by passive transport. The intensity of ABA signaling pathway is well known to be controlled by multi-regulators. Nonetheless, the interaction and coordination among ABA biosynthesis, catabolism, conjugation and transportation are seldom discussed. Here, we summarize the biological functions of ABA in response to different stresses, especially the roles of ABA in plant defense to pathogen attack, and discuss the possible relationships of these determinants in controlling the specificity and intensity of ABA signaling pathway in the rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenghui Ye
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liguo Jia
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Srivastava S, Chaudhry V, Mishra A, Chauhan PS, Rehman A, Yadav A, Tuteja N, Nautiyal CS. Gene expression profiling through microarray analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana colonized by Pseudomonas putida MTCC5279, a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:235-45. [PMID: 22353860 PMCID: PMC3405686 DOI: 10.4161/psb.18957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth promotion is a multigenic process under the influence of many factors; therefore an understanding of these processes and the functions regulated may have profound implications. Present study reports microarray analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana plants inoculated with Pseudomonas putida MTCC5279 (MTCC5279) which resulted in significant increase in growth traits as compared with non-inoculated control. The gene expression changes, represented by oligonucleotide array (24652 genes) have been studied to gain insight into MTCC5279 assisted plant growth promotion in Arabidopsis thaliana. MTCC5279 induced upregulated Arabidopsis thaliana genes were found to be involved in maintenance of genome integrity (At5g20850), growth hormone (At3g23890 and At4g36110), amino acid synthesis (At5g63890), abcissic acid (ABA) signaling and ethylene suppression (At2g29090, At5g17850), Ca⁺² dependent signaling (At3g57530) and induction of induced systemic resistance (At2g46370, At2g44840). The genes At3g32920 and At2g15890 which are suggested to act early in petal, stamen and embryonic development are among the downregulated genes. We report for the first time MTCC5279 assisted repression of At3g32920, a putative DNA repair protein involved in recombination and DNA strand transfer in a process of rapid meiotic and mitotic division.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasvi Chaudhry
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Ateequr Rehman
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Archana Yadav
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; New Delhi, India
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Kepka M, Benson CL, Gonugunta VK, Nelson KM, Christmann A, Grill E, Abrams SR. Action of natural abscisic acid precursors and catabolites on abscisic acid receptor complexes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:2108-19. [PMID: 21976481 PMCID: PMC3327214 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.182584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates stress responses and controls numerous aspects of plant growth and development. Biosynthetic precursors and catabolites of ABA have been shown to trigger ABA responses in physiological assays, but it is not clear whether these are intrinsically active or whether they are converted into ABA in planta. In this study, we analyzed the effect of ABA precursors, conjugates, and catabolites on hormone signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The compounds were also tested in vitro for their ability to regulate the phosphatase moiety of ABA receptor complexes consisting of the protein phosphatase 2C ABI2 and the coreceptors RCAR1/PYL9, RCAR3/PYL8, and RCAR11/PYR1. Using mutants defective in ABA biosynthesis, we show that the physiological activity associated with ABA precursors derives predominantly from their bioconversion to ABA. The ABA glucose ester conjugate, which is the most widespread storage form of ABA, showed weak ABA-like activity in germination assays and in triggering ABA signaling in protoplasts. The ABA conjugate and precursors showed negligible activity as a regulatory ligand of the ABI2/RCAR receptor complexes. The majority of ABA catabolites were inactive in our assays. To analyze the chemically unstable 8'- and 9'-hydroxylated ABA catabolites, we used stable tetralone derivatives of these compounds, which did trigger selective ABA responses. ABA synthetic analogs exhibited differential activity as regulatory ligands of different ABA receptor complexes in vitro. The data show that ABA precursors, catabolites, and conjugates have limited intrinsic bioactivity and that both natural and synthetic ABA-related compounds can be used to probe the structural requirements of ABA ligand-receptor interactions.
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Okamoto M, Kushiro T, Jikumaru Y, Abrams SR, Kamiya Y, Seki M, Nambara E. ABA 9'-hydroxylation is catalyzed by CYP707A in Arabidopsis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:717-22. [PMID: 21414645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism is important for regulating endogenous ABA levels. To date, most effort has focused on catabolism of ABA to phaseic acid (PA), which is generated spontaneously after 8'-hydroxylation of ABA by cytochrome P450s in the CYP707A subfamily. Neophaseic acid (neoPA) is another well-documented ABA catabolite that is produced via ABA 9'-hydroxylation, but the 9'-hydroxylase has not yet been defined. Here, we show that endogenous neoPA levels are reduced in loss-of-function mutants defective in CYP707A genes. In addition, in planta levels of both neoPA and PA are reduced after treatment of plants with uniconazole-P, a P450 inhibitor. These lines of evidence suggest that CYP707A genes also encode the 9'-hydroxylase required for neoPA synthesis. To test this, in vitro enzyme assays using microsomal fractions from CYP707A-expressing yeast strains were conducted and these showed that all four Arabidopsis CYP707As are 9'-hydroxylases, although this activity is minor. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ABA 9'-hydroxylation is catalyzed by CYP707As as a side reaction.
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Seiler C, Harshavardhan VT, Rajesh K, Reddy PS, Strickert M, Rolletschek H, Scholz U, Wobus U, Sreenivasulu N. ABA biosynthesis and degradation contributing to ABA homeostasis during barley seed development under control and terminal drought-stress conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:2615-32. [PMID: 21289079 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most severe environmental stress factors limiting crop yield especially when occurring during anthesis and seed filling. This terminal drought is characterized by an excess production of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) which plays an important role during seed development and dormancy. All the genes putatively involved in ABA biosynthesis and inactivation in barley were identified and their expression studied during plant ontogeny under standard and drought-stress conditions to learn more about ABA homeostasis and the possible mode of cross-talk between source and sink tissues. Out of 41 genes related to ABA biosynthesis and inactivation 19 were found to be differentially regulated under drought stress in both flag leaves and developing seed during seed filling. Transcripts of plastid-located enzymes are regulated similarly in flag leaf and seed under terminal drought whereas transcripts of cytosolic enzymes are differentially regulated in the two tissues. Detailed information on the expression of defined gene family members is supplemented by measurements of ABA and its degradation and conjugation products, respectively. Under drought stress, flag leaves in particular contain high concentrations of both ABA and the ABA degradation products phaseic acid (PA) and diphaseic acid (DPA); whereas, in seeds, besides ABA, DPA was mainly found. The measurements also revealed a positive correlation between ABA level and starch content in developing seeds for the following reasons: (i) genes of the ABA controlled SnRK2.6 and RCAR/PP2C-mediated signal transduction pathway to the ABF transcription factor HvABI5 are activated in the developing grain under drought, (ii) novel ABA- and dehydration-responsive cis-elements have been found in the promoters of key genes of starch biosynthesis (HvSUS1, HvAGP-L1) and degradation (HvBAM1) and these transcripts/activity are prominently induced in developing seeds during 12 and 16 DAF, (iii) spraying of fluridone (an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor) to drought-stressed plants results in severely impaired starch content and thousand grain weight of mature seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Seiler
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Correnstrasse 03, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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Robert-Seilaniantz A, Grant M, Jones JDG. Hormone crosstalk in plant disease and defense: more than just jasmonate-salicylate antagonism. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2011; 49:317-43. [PMID: 21663438 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1049] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, most studies on the role of hormones in plant-pathogen interactions focused on salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET). It is now clear that pathogen-induced modulation of signaling via other hormones contributes to virulence. A picture is emerging of complex crosstalk and induced hormonal changes that modulate disease and resistance, with outcomes dependent on pathogen lifestyles and the genetic constitution of the host. Recent progress has revealed intriguing similarities between hormone signaling mechanisms, with gene induction responses often achieved by derepression. Here, we report on recent advances, updating current knowledge on classical defense hormones SA, JA, and ET, and the roles of auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins (CKs), and brassinosteroids in molding plant-pathogen interactions. We highlight an emerging theme that positive and negative regulators of these disparate hormone signaling pathways are crucial regulatory targets of hormonal crosstalk in disease and defense.
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Erb M, Glauser G. Family Business: Multiple Members of Major Phytohormone Classes Orchestrate Plant Stress Responses. Chemistry 2010; 16:10280-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Turecková V, Novák O, Strnad M. Profiling ABA metabolites in Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2009; 80:390-9. [PMID: 19782241 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a simple method for extracting and purifying (+)-abscisic acid (ABA) and eight ABA metabolites--phaseic acid (PA), dihydrophaseic acid (DPA), neophaseic acid (neoPA), ABA-glucose ester (ABAGE), 7'-hydroxy-ABA (7'-OH-ABA), 9'-hydroxy-ABA (9'-OH-ABA), ABAaldehyde, and ABAalcohol--before analysis by a novel technique for these substances, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The procedure includes addition of deuterium-labelled standards, extraction with methanol-water-acetic acid (10:89:1, v/v), simple purification by Oasis((R)) HLB cartridges, rapid chromatographic separation by UPLC, and sensitive, accurate quantification by MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring modes. The detection limits of the technique ranged between 0.1 and 1 pmol for ABAGE and ABA acids in negative ion mode, and 0.01-0.50 pmol for ABAGE, ABAaldehyde, ABAalcohol and the methylated acids in positive ion mode. The fast liquid chromatographic separation and analysis of ABA and its eight measured derivatives by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS provide rapid, accurate and robust quantification of most of the substances, and the low detection limits allow small amounts of tissue (1-5mg) to be used in quantitative analysis. To demonstrate the potential of the technique, we isolated ABA and its metabolites from control and water-stressed tobacco leaf tissues then analysed them by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Only ABA, PA, DPA, neoPA, and ABAGE were detected in the samples. PA was the most abundant analyte (ca. 1000 pmol/g f.w.) in both the control and water-stressed tissues, followed by ABAGE and DPA, which were both present at levels ca. 5-fold lower. ABA levels were at least 100-fold lower than PA concentrations, but they increased following the water stress treatment, while ABAGE, PA, and DPA levels decreased. Overall, the technique offers substantial improvements over previously described methods, enabling the detailed, direct study of diverse ABA metabolites in small amounts of plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Turecková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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43
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Rodríguez-Gacio MDC, Matilla-Vázquez MA, Matilla AJ. Seed dormancy and ABA signaling: the breakthrough goes on. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:1035 - 49. [PMID: 19875942 PMCID: PMC2819511 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.11.9902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The seed is an important organ of higher plants regarding plant survival and species dispersion. The transition between seed dormancy and germination represents a critical stage in the plant life cycle and it is an important ecological and commercial trait. A dynamic balance of synthesis and catabolism of two antagonistic hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and giberellins (GAs), controls the equilibrium between seed dormancy and germination. Embryonic ABA plays a central role in induction and maintenance of seed dormancy, and also inhibits the transition from embryonic to germination growth. Therefore, the ABA metabolism must be highly regulated at both temporal and spatial levels during phase of dessication tolerance. On the other hand, the ABA levels do not depend exclusively on the seeds because sometimes it becomes a strong sink and imports it from the roots and rhizosphere through the xylem and/or phloem. All theses events are discussed in depth here. Likewise, the role of some recently characterized genes belonging to seeds of woody species and related to ABA signaling, are also included. Finally, although four possible ABA receptors have been reported, not much is known about how they mediate ABA signalling transduction. However, new publications seem to shown that almost all these receptors lack several properties to consider them as such.
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Matsunami K, Otsuka H, Kondo K, Shinzato T, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K, Takeda Y. Absolute configuration of (+)-pinoresinol 4-O-[6''-O-galloyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, macarangiosides E, and F isolated from the leaves of Macaranga tanarius. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1277-1285. [PMID: 19683319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A lignan glucoside, (+)-pinoresinol 4-O-[6''-O-galloyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), and two megastigmane glucosides, named macarangiosides E and F (2,3), together with 15 known compounds (4-18) were isolated from leaves of Macaranga tanarius (L.) Müll.-Arg. (Euphorbiaceae). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical analyses. In addition, the absolute stereochemistry of macarangiosides B and C isolated previously from the same plant was also determined for the first time. Compounds 1 and 2 were galloylated on glucose and possessed potent DPPH radical-scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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45
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López-Carbonell M, Gabasa M, Jáuregui O. Enhanced determination of abscisic acid (ABA) and abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE) in Cistus albidus plants by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in tandem mode. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:256-61. [PMID: 19167901 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An improved, quick and simple method for the extraction and quantification of the phytohormones (+)-abscisic acid (ABA) and its major glucose conjugate, abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE) in plant samples is described. The method includes the addition of deuterium-labeled internal standards to the leaves at the beginning of the extraction for quantification, a simple extraction/centrifugation process and the injection into the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) system in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). Quality parameters of the method (detection limits, repeatability, reproducibility and linearity) have been studied. The objective of this work is to show the applicability of this method for quantifying the endogenous content of both ABA and ABA-GE in Cistus albidus plants that have been grown during an annual cycle under Mediterranean field conditions. Leaf samples from winter plants have low levels of ABA which increase in spring and summer showing two peaks that corresponded to April and August. These increases are coincident with the high temperature and solar radiation and the low RWC and RH registered along the year. On the other hand, the endogenous levels of ABA-GE increase until maximum values in July just before the ABA content reaches its highest concentration, decreasing in August and during autumn and winter. Our results suggest that the method is useful for quantifying both compounds in this plant material and represents the advantage of a short-time sample preparation with a high accuracy and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-Carbonell
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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46
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Jadhav AS, Taylor DC, Giblin M, Ferrie AMR, Ambrose SJ, Ross ARS, Nelson KM, Irina Zaharia L, Sharma N, Anderson M, Fobert PR, Abrams SR. Hormonal regulation of oil accumulation in Brassica seeds: metabolism and biological activity of ABA, 7'-, 8'- and 9'-hydroxy ABA in microspore derived embryos of B. napus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:2678-2688. [PMID: 18823922 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 08/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Developing seeds of Brassica napus contain significant levels of ABA and products of oxidation at the 7'- and 9'-methyl groups of ABA, 7'- and 9'-hydroxy ABA, as well stable products of oxidation of the 8'-methyl group, phaseic acid and dihydrophaseic acid. To probe the biological roles of the initially formed hydroxylated compounds, we have compared the effects of supplied ABA and the hydroxylated metabolites in regulating oil synthesis in microspore-derived embryos of B. napus, cv Hero that accumulate long chain fatty acids. Uptake into the embryos and metabolism of each of the hormone metabolites was studied by using deuterium labeled analogs. Supplied ABA, which was rapidly metabolized, induced expression of oleosin and fatty acid elongase genes and increased the accumulation of triacylglycerols and very long chain fatty acids. The metabolites 7'- and 9'-hydroxy ABA had similar effects, with the 9'-hydroxy ABA having even greater activity than ABA. The principal catabolite of ABA, 8'-hydroxy ABA, also had hormonal activity and led to increased oil synthesis but induced the genes weakly. These results indicate that all compounds tested could be involved in lipid synthesis in B. napus, and may have hormonal roles in other ABA-regulated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok S Jadhav
- National Research Council of Canada, Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9
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47
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Sawada Y, Aoki M, Nakaminami K, Mitsuhashi W, Tatematsu K, Kushiro T, Koshiba T, Kamiya Y, Inoue Y, Nambara E, Toyomasu T. Phytochrome- and gibberellin-mediated regulation of abscisic acid metabolism during germination of photoblastic lettuce seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 146:1386-96. [PMID: 18184730 PMCID: PMC2259076 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.115162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) 'Grand Rapids' seeds is regulated by phytochrome. The action of phytochrome includes alterations in the levels of gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA). To determine the molecular mechanism of phytochrome regulation of ABA metabolism, we isolated four lettuce cDNAs encoding 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (biosynthesis; LsNCED1-LsNCED4) and four cDNAs for ABA 8'-hydroxylase (catabolism; LsABA8ox1-LsABA8ox4). Measurements of ABA and its catabolites showed that a decrease in ABA level coincided with a slight increase in the level of the ABA catabolite phaseic acid after red light treatment. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that ABA levels are controlled by phytochrome through down-regulation of LsNCED2 and LsNCED4 expression and up-regulation of LsABA8ox4 expression in lettuce seeds. Furthermore, the expression levels of LsNCED4 decreased after GA(1) treatment, whereas the levels of expression of the other two genes were unaffected. The LsNCED4 expression was also down-regulated by red light in lettuce seeds in which GA biosynthesis was suppressed by AMO-1618, a specific GA biosynthesis inhibitor. These results indicate that phytochrome regulation of ABA metabolism is mediated by both GA-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Spatial analysis showed that after red light treatment, the ABA decrease on the hypocotyl side was greater than that on the cotyledon side of lettuce seeds. Moreover, phytochrome-regulated expression of ABA and GA biosynthesis genes was observed on the hypocotyl side, rather than the cotyledon side, suggesting that this regulation occurs near the photoperceptive site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sawada
- Course of the Science of Bioresource, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Shimomura H, Etoh H, Mizutani M, Hirai N, Todoroki Y. Effect of the minor ABA metabolite 7′-hydroxy-ABA on Arabidopsis ABA 8′-hydroxylase CYP707A3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4977-81. [PMID: 17582765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effect of the minor abscisic acid (ABA) metabolite 7'-hydroxy-ABA on Arabidopsis ABA 8'-hydroxylase (CYP707A3), we developed a novel and facile, four-step synthesis of 7'-hydroxy-ABA from alpha-ionone. Structural analogues of 7'-hydroxy-ABA, 1'-deoxy-7'-hydroxy-ABA, and 7'-oxo-ABA were also synthesized to evaluate the role of the 7'-hydroxyl group on binding to the enzyme. The result of enzyme inhibition assay suggests that the local polarity at C-7', neither steric bulkiness nor overall molecular hydrophilicity, would be the major reason why (+)-7'-hydroxy-ABA is not a potent inhibitor of CYP707A3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Shimomura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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Quecini V, Torres GA, Rosa Jr VED, Gimenes MA, Machado JBDM, Figueira AVDO, Benedito V, Targon MLP, Cristofani-Yaly M. In silico analysis of phytohormone metabolism and communication pathways in citrus transcriptome. Genet Mol Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572007000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcos A. Gimenes
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brazil
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50
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Parasitism of seed of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) by the seed chalcid, Megastigmus spermotrophus, and its influence on seed hormone physiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00497-006-0039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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