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Wawrzyńska A, Sirko A. Sulfate Availability and Hormonal Signaling in the Coordination of Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3978. [PMID: 38612787 PMCID: PMC11012643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfur (S), one of the crucial macronutrients, plays a pivotal role in fundamental plant processes and the regulation of diverse metabolic pathways. Additionally, it has a major function in plant protection against adverse conditions by enhancing tolerance, often interacting with other molecules to counteract stresses. Despite its significance, a thorough comprehension of how plants regulate S nutrition and particularly the involvement of phytohormones in this process remains elusive. Phytohormone signaling pathways crosstalk to modulate growth and developmental programs in a multifactorial manner. Additionally, S availability regulates the growth and development of plants through molecular mechanisms intertwined with phytohormone signaling pathways. Conversely, many phytohormones influence or alter S metabolism within interconnected pathways. S metabolism is closely associated with phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX), brassinosteroids (BR), cytokinins (CK), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and strigolactones (SL). This review provides a summary of the research concerning the impact of phytohormones on S metabolism and, conversely, how S availability affects hormonal signaling. Although numerous molecular details are yet to be fully understood, several core signaling components have been identified at the crossroads of S and major phytohormonal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawrzyńska
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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Alvi AF, Khan S, Khan NA. Hydrogen sulfide and ethylene regulate sulfur-mediated stomatal and photosynthetic responses and heat stress acclimation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108437. [PMID: 38368727 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The gaseous signaling molecules, ethylene (ET) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are well known for their ability to mitigate abiotic stress, but how they interact with mineral nutrients under heat stress is unclear. We have studied the involvement of ET and H2S in adaptation of heat stress on the availability of sulfur (S) levels in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Heat stress (40 °C) negatively impacted growth and photosynthetic-sulfur use efficiency (p-SUE), with accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in six rice cultivars, namely PS 2511, Birupa, Nidhi, PB 1509, PB 1728, and Panvel. Supplementation of S at 2.0 mM SO42- in the form of MgSO4, improved growth and photosynthetic attributes more than 1.0 mM SO42- under control (28 °C), and mitigated heat stress effects more prominently in PS 2511 (heat-tolerant) than in PB 1509 (heat-sensitive) cultivar. The higher heat stress mitigation potential of 2.0 mM SO42- in heat-tolerant cultivar was correlated with higher S-assimilation, activity of antioxidant enzymes, stomatal (stomatal conductance) and non-stomatal limitations, activity of carbonic anhydrase and Rubisco, and mesophyll conductance. The use of norbornadiene (NBD) and hypotaurine (HT), ET and H2S inhibitors, respectively, resulted in the lowest values for photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal and non-stomatal factors, implying the mediation of ET and H2S in heat stress acclimation. The connectivity of ET and H2S with S-assimilation through a common metabolite cysteine (Cys) improved heat stress adaptation in which H2S acted downstream to ET-mediated responses. Thus, the better adaptability of rice plants to heat stress may be obtained through modulation of ET and H2S via S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameena Fatima Alvi
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Sheen Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Dai WY, Han L, Li PF, Li QD, Xie LJ, Liu CY, Kong JR, Jia R, Li DY, Yang GP. The sulfate assimilation and reduction of marine microalgae and the regulation of illumination. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106156. [PMID: 37660481 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
To examine the sulfate assimilation and reduction process and the regulation of illumination, diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae were selected for continuous simulation incubation under different photon flux densities (PFDs) (54, 108 and 162 μmol photons m-2 s-1), and concentration variations of related sulfur compounds sulfate, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulfide (DMS) and acrylic acid (AA) in the culture system were observed. The optimal PFD for the growth of two microalgae was 108 μmol photons m-2 s-1. However, the maximum sulfate absorption occurred at 162 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for P. tricornutum and at 54 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for A. carterae. With the increase of PFD, the release of DMSP by P. tricornutum decreased while A. carterae increased. The largest release amount of DMS was 0.59 ± 0.05 fmol cells-1 for P. tricornutum and 2.61 ± 0.89 fmol cells-1 for A. carterae under their optimum growth light condition. The sulfate uptake of P. tricornutum was inhibited by the addition of amino acids, cysteine had a greater inhibitory effect than methionine, and the absorption process was controlled by light. The intermediate products of sulfur metabolism had an up-control effect on the sulfate uptake process of P. tricornutum. However, the addition of amino acids had no obvious effect on the sulfate absorption of A. carterae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Dai
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lu Han
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Qin-Dao Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Li-Jun Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chun-Ying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jun-Ru Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ru Jia
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Apodiakou A, Hoefgen R. New insights into the regulation of plant metabolism by O-acetylserine: sulfate and beyond. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3361-3378. [PMID: 37025061 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of sulfur deprivation, O-acetylserine (OAS) accumulates, which leads to the induction of a common set of six genes, called OAS cluster genes. These genes are induced not only under sulfur deprivation, but also under other conditions where OAS accumulates, such as shift to darkness and stress conditions leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) or methyl-jasmonate accumulation. Using the OAS cluster genes as a query in ATTED-II, a co-expression network is derived stably spanning several hundred conditions. This allowed us not only to describe the downstream function of the OAS cluster genes but also to score for functions of the members of the co-regulated co-expression network and hence the effects of the OAS signal on the sulfate assimilation pathway and co-regulated pathways. Further, we summarized existing knowledge on the regulation of the OAS cluster and the co-expressed genes. We revealed that the known sulfate deprivation-related transcription factor EIL3/SLIM1 exhibits a prominent role, as most genes are subject to regulation by this transcription factor. The role of other transcription factors in response to OAS awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Apodiakou
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Wang M, Cai C, Li Y, Tao H, Meng F, Sun B, Miao H, Wang Q. Brassinosteroids fine-tune secondary and primary sulfur metabolism through BZR1-mediated transcriptional regulation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1153-1169. [PMID: 36573424 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
For adaptation to ever-changing environments, plants have evolved elaborate metabolic systems coupled to a regulatory network for optimal growth and defense. Regulation of plant secondary metabolic pathways such as glucosinolates (GSLs) by defense phytohormones in response to different stresses and nutrient deficiency has been intensively investigated, while how growth-promoting hormone balances plant secondary and primary metabolism has been largely unexplored. Here, we found that growth-promoting hormone brassinosteroid (BR) inhibits GSLs accumulation while enhancing biosynthesis of primary sulfur metabolites, including cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) both in Arabidopsis and Brassica crops, fine-tuning secondary and primary sulfur metabolism to promote plant growth. Furthermore, we demonstrate that of BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), the central component of BR signaling, exerts distinct transcriptional inhibition regulation on indolic and aliphatic GSL via direct MYB51 dependent repression of indolic GSL biosynthesis, while exerting partial MYB29 dependent repression of aliphatic GSL biosynthesis. Additionally, BZR1 directly activates the transcription of APR1 and APR2 which encodes rate-limiting enzyme adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductases in the primary sulfur metabolic pathway. In summary, our findings indicate that BR inhibits the biosynthesis of GSLs to prioritize sulfur usage for primary metabolites under normal growth conditions. These findings expand our understanding of BR promoting plant growth from a metabolism perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Congxi Cai
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yubo Li
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Han Tao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huiying Miao
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Salt-Affected Rocket Plants as a Possible Source of Glucosinolates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065510. [PMID: 36982584 PMCID: PMC10056271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity can have various negative consequences on agricultural products, from their quality and production to their aesthetic traits. In this work, the possibility to use salt-affected vegetables, that otherwise would be discarded, as a source of nutraceuticals was explored. To this aim, rocket plants, a vegetable featuring bioactive compounds such as glucosinolates, were exposed to increasing NaCl concentrations in hydroponics and analysed for their content in bioactive compounds. Salt levels higher than 68 mM produced rocket plants that did not comply with European Union regulations and would therefore be considered a waste product. Anyway, our findings, obtained by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, demonstrated a significant increase in glucosinolates levels in such salt-affected plants. opening the opportunity for a second life of these market discarded products to be recycled as glucosinolates source. Furthermore, an optimal situation was found at NaCl 34 mM in which not only were the aesthetic traits of rocket plants not affected, but also the plants revealed a significant enrichment in glucosinolates. This can be considered an advantageous situation in which the resulting vegetables still appealed to the market and showed improved nutraceutical aspects.
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Wang D, Wang K, Sun S, Yan P, Lu X, Liu Z, Li Q, Li L, Gao Y, Liu J. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Salt-Tolerance Pathways in the Leaves and Roots of ZM-4 ( Malus zumi) in the Early Stages of Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3638. [PMID: 36835052 PMCID: PMC9960305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The breeding of salt-tolerant rootstock relies heavily on the availability of salt-tolerant Malus germplasm resources. The first step in developing salt-tolerant resources is to learn their molecular and metabolic underpinnings. Hydroponic seedlings of both ZM-4 (salt-tolerant resource) and M9T337 (salt-sensitive rootstock) were treated with a solution of 75 mM salinity. ZM-4's fresh weight increased, then decreased, and then increased again after being treated with NaCl, whereas M9T337's fresh weight continued to decrease. The results of transcriptome and metabolome after 0 h (CK) and 24 h of NaCl treatment showed that the leaves of ZM-4 had a higher content of flavonoids (phloretinm, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, epiafzelechin, etc.) and the genes (CHI, CYP, FLS, LAR, and ANR) related to the flavonoid synthesis pathway showed up-regulation, suggesting a high antioxidant capacity. In addition to the high polyphenol content (L-phenylalanine, 5-O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid) and the high related gene expression (4CLL9 and SAT), the roots of ZM-4 exhibited a high osmotic adjustment ability. Under normal growing conditions, the roots of ZM-4 contained a higher content of some amino acids (L-proline, tran-4-hydroxy-L-prolin, L-glutamine, etc.) and sugars (D-fructose 6-phosphate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, etc.), and the genes (GLT1, BAM7, INV1, etc.) related to these two pathways were highly expressed. Furthermore, some amino acids (S-(methyl) glutathione, N-methyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, etc.) and sugars (D-sucrose, maltotriose, etc.) increased and genes (ALD1, BCAT1, AMY1.1, etc.) related to the pathways showed up-regulation under salt stress. This research provided theoretical support for the application of breeding salt-tolerant rootstocks by elucidating the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of salt tolerance during the early stages of salt treatment for ZM-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Wang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Kun Wang
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Simiao Sun
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 403 Nanchang Road, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Lianwen Li
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Rahimzadeh Karvansara P, Kelly C, Krone R, Zenzen I, Ristova D, Silz E, Jobe TO, Kopriva S. Unique features of regulation of sulfate assimilation in monocots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:308-320. [PMID: 36222825 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate assimilation is an essential pathway of plant primary metabolism, regulated by the demand for reduced sulfur (S). The S-containing tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is the key signal for such regulation in Arabidopsis, but little is known about the conservation of these regulatory mechanisms beyond this model species. Using two model monocot species, C3 rice (Oryza sativa) and C4Setaria viridis, and feeding of cysteine or GSH, we aimed to find out how conserved are the regulatory mechanisms described for Arabidopsis in these species. We showed that while in principle the regulation is similar, there are many species-specific differences. For example, thiols supplied by the roots are translocated to the shoots in rice but remain in the roots of Setaria. Cysteine and GSH concentrations are highly correlated in Setaria, but not in rice. In both rice and Setaria, GSH seems to be the signal for demand-driven regulation of sulfate assimilation. Unexpectedly, we observed cysteine oxidation to sulfate in both species, a reaction that does not occur in Arabidopsis. This reaction is dependent on sulfite oxidase, but the enzyme(s) releasing sulfite from cysteine still need to be identified. Altogether our data reveal a number of unique features in the regulation of S metabolism in the monocot species and indicate the need for using multiple taxonomically distinct models to better understand the control of nutrient homeostasis, which is important for generating low-input crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rahimzadeh Karvansara
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ciaran Kelly
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Raissa Krone
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivan Zenzen
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Ristova
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Emely Silz
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Timothy O Jobe
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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Pavlů J, Kerchev P, Černý M, Novák J, Berka M, Jobe TO, López Ramos JM, Saiz-Fernández I, Rashotte AM, Kopriva S, Brzobohatý B. Cytokinin modulates the metabolic network of sulfur and glutathione. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7417-7433. [PMID: 36226742 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin is implicated in a range of growth, developmental, and defense processes. A growing body of evidence supports a crosstalk between cytokinin and nutrient signaling pathways, such as nitrate availability. Cytokinin signaling regulates sulfur-responsive gene expression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and their impact on sulfur-containing metabolites have not been systematically explored. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological tools, we investigated the interplay between cytokinin signaling and sulfur homeostasis. Exogenous cytokinin triggered sulfur starvation-like gene expression accompanied by a decrease in sulfate and glutathione content. This process was uncoupled from the activity of the major transcriptional regulator of sulfate starvation signaling SULFUR LIMITATION 1 and an important glutathione-degrading enzyme, γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase 2;1, expression of which was robustly up-regulated by cytokinin. Conversely, glutathione accumulation was observed in mutants lacking the cytokinin receptor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 3 and in cytokinin-deficient plants. Cytokinin-deficient plants displayed improved root growth upon exposure to glutathione-depleting chemicals which was attributed to a higher capacity to maintain glutathione levels. These results shed new light on the interplay between cytokinin signaling and sulfur homeostasis. They position cytokinin as an important modulator of sulfur uptake, assimilation, and remobilization in plant defense against xenobiotics and root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pavlů
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kerchev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Berka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy O Jobe
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - José Maria López Ramos
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron Michael Rashotte
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Lee BR, Park SH, La VH, Bae DW, Kim TH. Drought-Induced Xylem Sulfate Activates the ABA-Mediated Regulation of Sulfate Assimilation and Glutathione Redox in Brassica napus Leaves. Metabolites 2022; 12:1190. [PMID: 36557228 PMCID: PMC9781433 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought intensity modifies the assimilatory pathway of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a representative signaling hormone involved in regulating plant stress responses. This study aimed to investigate an interactive regulation of sulfate and/or ABA in GSH metabolism and redox. The drought-responsive alterations in sulfate assimilation and GSH-based redox reactions were assessed relative to ABA responses on the time-course of drought intensity. Drought-responsive H2O2 concentrations were divided into two distinct phases-an initial 4 days of no change (Ψw ≥ -0.49 MPa) and a phase of higher accumulation during the late phase of the drought (days 10-14; Ψw ≤ -1.34 MPa). During the early phase of the drought, GSH/GSSG redox state turned to the slightly reduced state with a transient increase in GSH, resulting from a strong activation of H2O2 scavenging enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) and glutathione reductase (GR). The late phase of the drought was characterized by a decrease in GSH due to cysteine accumulation, shifting GSH- and NADPH-based redox states to higher oxidization, increasing sulfate and ABA in xylem, and causing ABA accumulation in leaves. Regression analysis revealed that sulfate in xylem sap was positively correlated with H2O2 concentrations and ABA was closely related to decreases in the GSH pool and the oxidation of GSH catalyzed by glutathione peroxidase (GPOX). These results indicate that drought-induced oxidation proceeds through the suppression of GSH synthesis and further GSH oxidation in a sulfate-activated ABA-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Rye Lee
- Grassland Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Grassland Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Hien La
- Grassland Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Center of Crop Research for Adaption to Climate Change (CRCC), Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen 24000, Vietnam
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Biomaterial Analytical Laboratory, Central Instruments Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Grassland Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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11
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The Functional Interplay between Ethylene, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Sulfur in Plant Heat Stress Tolerance. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050678. [PMID: 35625606 PMCID: PMC9138313 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants encounter several abiotic stresses, among which heat stress is gaining paramount attention because of the changing climatic conditions. Severe heat stress conspicuously reduces crop productivity through changes in metabolic processes and in growth and development. Ethylene and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are signaling molecules involved in defense against heat stress through modulation of biomolecule synthesis, the antioxidant system, and post-translational modifications. Other compounds containing the essential mineral nutrient sulfur (S) also play pivotal roles in these defense mechanisms. As biosynthesis of ethylene and H2S is connected to the S-assimilation pathway, it is logical to consider the existence of a functional interplay between ethylene, H2S, and S in relation to heat stress tolerance. The present review focuses on the crosstalk between ethylene, H2S, and S to highlight their joint involvement in heat stress tolerance.
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12
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Kurmanbayeva A, Bekturova A, Soltabayeva A, Oshanova D, Nurbekova Z, Srivastava S, Tiwari P, Dubey AK, Sagi M. Active O-acetylserine-(thiol) lyase A and B confer improved selenium resistance and degrade l-Cys and l-SeCys in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2525-2539. [PMID: 35084469 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The roles of cytosolic O-acetylserine-(thiol)-lyase A (OASTLA), chloroplastic OASTLB, and mitochondrial OASTLC in plant selenate resistance were studied in Arabidopsis. Impairment in OASTLA and OASTLB resulted in reduced biomass, chlorophyll and soluble protein content compared with selenate-treated OASTLC-impaired and wild-type plants. The generally lower total selenium (Se), protein-Se, organic-sulfur and protein-sulfur (S) content in oastlA and oastlB compared with wild-type and oastlC leaves indicated that Se accumulation was not the main cause for the stress symptoms in these mutants. Notably, the application of selenate positively induced S-starvation markers and the OASTLs, followed by increased sulfite reductase, sulfite oxidase activities, and increased sulfite and sulfide concentrations. Taken together, our results indicate a futile anabolic S-starvation response that resulted in lower glutathione and increased oxidative stress symptoms in oastlA and oastlB mutants. In-gel assays of l-cysteine and l-seleno-cysteine, desulfhydrase activities revealed that two of the three OASTL activity bands in each of the oastl single mutants were enhanced in response to selenate, whereas the impaired proteins exhibited a missing activity band. The absence of differently migrated activity bands in each of the three oastl mutants indicates that these OASTLs are major components of desulfhydrase activity, degrading l-cysteine and l-seleno-cysteine in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizat Bekturova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Aigerim Soltabayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Dinara Oshanova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Poonam Tiwari
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Arvind Kumar Dubey
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
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13
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Neequaye M, Steuernagel B, Saha S, Trick M, Troncoso-Rey P, van den Bosch F, Traka MH, Østergaard L, Mithen R. Characterisation of the Introgression of Brassica villosa Genome Into Broccoli to Enhance Methionine-Derived Glucosinolates and Associated Health Benefits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:855707. [PMID: 35432397 PMCID: PMC9011106 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.855707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli cultivars that have enhanced accumulation of methionine-derived glucosinolates have been developed through the introgression of a novel allele of the MYB28 transcription factor from the wild species Brassica villosa. Through a novel k-mer approach, we characterised the extent of the introgression of unique B. villosa genome sequences into high glucosinolate broccoli genotypes. RNAseq analyses indicated that the introgression of the B. villosa MYB28 C2 allele resulted in the enhanced expression of the MYB28 transcription factor, and modified expression of genes associated with sulphate absorption and reduction, and methionine and glucosinolate biosynthesis when compared to standard broccoli. A adenine-thymine (AT) short tandem repeat (STR) was identified within the 5' untranslated region (UTR) B. villosa MYB28 allele that was absent from two divergent cultivated forms of Brassica oleracea, which may underpin the enhanced expression of B. villosa MYB28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaela Neequaye
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shikha Saha
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard Mithen
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Zulfiqar U, Jiang W, Xiukang W, Hussain S, Ahmad M, Maqsood MF, Ali N, Ishfaq M, Kaleem M, Haider FU, Farooq N, Naveed M, Kucerik J, Brtnicky M, Mustafa A. Cadmium Phytotoxicity, Tolerance, and Advanced Remediation Approaches in Agricultural Soils; A Comprehensive Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:773815. [PMID: 35371142 PMCID: PMC8965506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.773815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental contaminant due to its widespread industrial use. Cd contamination of soil and water is rather classical but has emerged as a recent problem. Cd toxicity causes a range of damages to plants ranging from germination to yield suppression. Plant physiological functions, i.e., water interactions, essential mineral uptake, and photosynthesis, are also harmed by Cd. Plants have also shown metabolic changes because of Cd exposure either as direct impact on enzymes or other metabolites, or because of its propensity to produce reactive oxygen species, which can induce oxidative stress. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the potential of plants with ability to accumulate or stabilize Cd compounds for bioremediation of Cd pollution. Here, we critically review the chemistry of Cd and its dynamics in soil and the rhizosphere, toxic effects on plant growth, and yield formation. To conserve the environment and resources, chemical/biological remediation processes for Cd and their efficacy have been summarized in this review. Modulation of plant growth regulators such as cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, auxins, abscisic acid, polyamines, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, and nitric oxide has been highlighted. Development of plant genotypes with restricted Cd uptake and reduced accumulation in edible portions by conventional and marker-assisted breeding are also presented. In this regard, use of molecular techniques including identification of QTLs, CRISPR/Cas9, and functional genomics to enhance the adverse impacts of Cd in plants may be quite helpful. The review's results should aid in the development of novel and suitable solutions for limiting Cd bioavailability and toxicity, as well as the long-term management of Cd-polluted soils, therefore reducing environmental and human health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wenting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Wang Xiukang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nauman Ali
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Naila Farooq
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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15
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Rodriguez MC, Mehta D, Tan M, Uhrig RG. Quantitative Proteome and PTMome Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Root Responses to Persistent Osmotic and Salinity Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1012-1029. [PMID: 34059891 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as drought result in large annual economic losses around the world. As sessile organisms, plants cannot escape the environmental stresses they encounter but instead must adapt to survive. Studies investigating plant responses to osmotic and/or salt stress have largely focused on short-term systemic responses, leaving our understanding of intermediate to longer-term adaptation (24 h to d) lacking. In addition to protein abundance and phosphorylation changes, evidence suggests reversible lysine acetylation may also be important for abiotic stress responses. Therefore, to characterize the protein-level effects of osmotic and salt stress, we undertook a label-free proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana roots exposed to 300 mM mannitol and 150 mM NaCl for 24 h. We assessed protein phosphorylation, lysine acetylation and changes in protein abundance, detecting significant changes in 245, 35 and 107 total proteins, respectively. Comparison with available transcriptome data indicates that transcriptome- and proteome-level changes occur in parallel, while post-translational modifications (PTMs) do not. Further, we find significant changes in PTMs, and protein abundance involve different proteins from the same networks, indicating a multifaceted regulatory approach to prolonged osmotic and salt stress. In particular, we find extensive protein-level changes involving sulfur metabolism under both osmotic and salt conditions as well as changes in protein kinases and transcription factors that may represent new targets for drought stress signaling. Collectively, we find that protein-level changes continue to occur in plant roots 24 h from the onset of osmotic and salt stress and that these changes differ across multiple proteome levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Devang Mehta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Maryalle Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Richard G Uhrig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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16
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A Low Level of NaCl Stimulates Plant Growth by Improving Carbon and Sulfur Assimilation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102138. [PMID: 34685947 PMCID: PMC8541631 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
High-salinity stress represses plant growth by inhibiting various metabolic processes. In contrast to the well-studied mechanisms mediating tolerance to high levels of salt, the effects of low levels of salts have not been well studied. In this study, we examined the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana plants under different NaCl concentrations. Interestingly, both shoot and root biomass increased in the presence of 5 mM NaCl, whereas more than 10 mM NaCl decreased plant biomass. To clarify the biological mechanism by which a low level of NaCl stimulated plant growth, we analyzed element accumulation in plants grown under different NaCl concentrations. In addition to the Na and Cl contents, C, S, Zn, and Cu contents were increased under 5 mM NaCl in shoots; this was not observed at higher NaCl concentrations. Adverse effects of high salinity, such as decreased levels of nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, and some cations, did not occur in the presence of 5 mM NaCl. An increase in C was possibly attributed to increased photosynthesis supported by Cl, Zn, and Cu, which also increased in shoots after NaCl application. Salt stress-responsive gene expression was enhanced under 20 mM NaCl but not at lower doses. Among the S metabolites analyzed, cysteine (Cys) was increased by 5 mM NaCl, suggesting that S assimilation was promoted by this dose of NaCl. These results indicate the usefulness of NaCl for plant growth stimulation.
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17
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Bekturova A, Oshanova D, Tiwari P, Nurbekova Z, Kurmanbayeva A, Soltabayeva A, Yarmolinsky D, Srivastava S, Turecková V, Strnad M, Sagi M. Adenosine 5' phosphosulfate reductase and sulfite oxidase regulate sulfite-induced water loss in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6447-6466. [PMID: 34107028 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast-localized adenosine-5'-phosphosulphate reductase (APR) generates sulfite and plays a pivotal role in reduction of sulfate to cysteine. The peroxisome-localized sulfite oxidase (SO) oxidizes excess sulfite to sulfate. Arabidopsis wild type, SO RNA-interference (SO Ri) and SO overexpression (SO OE) transgenic lines infiltrated with sulfite showed increased water loss in SO Ri plants, and smaller stomatal apertures in SO OE plants compared with wild-type plants. Sulfite application also limited sulfate and abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in wild type and SO Ri. The increases in APR activity in response to sulfite infiltration into wild type and SO Ri leaves resulted in an increase in endogenous sulfite, indicating that APR has an important role in sulfite-induced increases in stomatal aperture. Sulfite-induced H2O2 generation by NADPH oxidase led to enhanced APR expression and sulfite production. Suppression of APR by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and glutathione reductase2 (GR2), or mutation in APR2 or GR2, resulted in a decrease in sulfite production and stomatal apertures. The importance of APR and SO and the significance of sulfite concentrations in water loss were further demonstrated during rapid, harsh drought stress in root-detached wild-type, gr2 and SO transgenic plants. Our results demonstrate the role of SO in sulfite homeostasis in relation to water consumption in well-watered plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizat Bekturova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Dinara Oshanova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Poonam Tiwari
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Aigerim Soltabayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Veronika Turecková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Moshe Sagi
- Plant Stress Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boker Campus, Israel
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18
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Neequaye M, Stavnstrup S, Harwood W, Lawrenson T, Hundleby P, Irwin J, Troncoso-Rey P, Saha S, Traka MH, Mithen R, Østergaard L. CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing of MYB28 Genes Impair Glucoraphanin Accumulation of Brassica oleracea in the Field. CRISPR J 2021; 4:416-426. [PMID: 34152214 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoveries in model plants grown under optimal conditions can provide important directions for crop improvement. However, it is important to verify whether results can be translated to crop plants grown in the field. In this study, we sought to study the role of MYB28 in the regulation of aliphatic glucosinolate (A-GSL) biosynthesis and associated sulfur metabolism in field-grown Brassica oleracea with the use of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 gene-editing technology. We describe the first myb28 knockout mutant in B. oleracea, and the first CRISPR field trial in the United Kingdom approved and regulated by the UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs after the reclassification of gene-edited crops as genetically modified organisms by the European Court of Justice on July 25, 2018. We report that knocking out myb28 results in downregulation of A-GSL biosynthesis genes and reduction in accumulation of the methionine-derived glucosinolate, glucoraphanin, in leaves and florets of field-grown myb28 mutant broccoli plants, whereas accumulation of sulfate, S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, and indole glucosinolate in leaf and floret tissues remained unchanged. These results demonstrate the potential of gene-editing approaches to translate discoveries in fundamental biological processes for improved crop performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaela Neequaye
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Stavnstrup
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Lawrenson
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Hundleby
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Irwin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Perla Troncoso-Rey
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Shikha Saha
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Maria H Traka
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mithen
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Østergaard
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom and Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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19
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Saluja M, Zhu F, Yu H, Walia H, Sattler SE. Loss of COMT activity reduces lateral root formation and alters the response to water limitation in sorghum brown midrib (bmr) 12 mutant. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2780-2794. [PMID: 33124063 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a key target for modifying lignocellulosic biomass for efficient biofuel production. Brown midrib 12 (bmr12) encodes the sorghum caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) and is one of the key enzymes in monolignol biosynthesis. Loss of function mutations in COMT reduces syringyl (S) lignin subunits and improves biofuel conversion rate. Although lignin plays an important role in maintaining cell wall integrity of xylem vessels, physiological and molecular consequences due to loss of COMT on root growth and adaptation to water deficit remain unexplored. We addressed this gap by evaluating the root morphology, anatomy and transcriptome of bmr12 mutant. The mutant had reduced lateral root density (LRD) and altered root anatomy and response to water limitation. The wild-type exhibits similar phenotypes under water stress, suggesting that bmr12 may be in a water deficit responsive state even in well-watered conditions. bmr12 had increased transcript abundance of genes involved in (a)biotic stress response, gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis and signaling. We show that bmr12 is more sensitive to exogenous GA application and present evidence for the role of GA in regulating reduced LRD in bmr12. These findings elucidate the phenotypic and molecular consequences of COMT deficiency under optimal and water stress environments in grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manny Saluja
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Feiyu Zhu
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Hongfeng Yu
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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Weber JN, Kaufholdt D, Minner-Meinen R, Bloem E, Shahid A, Rennenberg H, Hänsch R. Impact of wildfires on SO 2 detoxification mechanisms in leaves of oak and beech trees. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116389. [PMID: 33433339 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Frequency and intensity of wildfire occurrences are dramatically increasing worldwide due to global climate change, having a devastating effect on the entire ecosystem including plants. Moreover, distribution of fire-smoke can influence the natural environment over very long distances, i.e. hundreds of kilometres. Dry plant matter contains 0.1-0.9% (w/w) sulphur, which is mainly released during combustion into the atmosphere as sulphur dioxide (SO2) resulting in local concentrations of up to 3000 nL L-1. SO2 is a highly hazardous gas, which enters plants mostly via the stomata. Toxic sulphite is formed inside the leaves due to conversion of SO2. Plants as sessile organisms cannot escape from threats, why they evolved an impressive diversity of molecular defence mechanisms. In the present study, two recent wildfires in Germany were evaluated to analyse the effect of SO2 released into the atmosphere on deciduous trees: the Meppen peat fire in 2018 and the forest fire close to Luebtheen in 2019. Collected leaf material from beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak (Quercus robur) was examined with respect to detoxification of sulphur surplus due to the exposure to elevated SO2. An induced stress reaction in both species was indicated by a 1.5-fold increase in oxidized glutathione. In beech leaves, the enzymatic activities of the sulphite detoxification enzymes sulphite oxidase and apoplastic peroxidases were increased 5-fold and a trend of sulphate accumulation was observed. In contrast, oaks did not regulate these enzymes during smoke exposure, however, the constitutive activity is 10-fold and 3-fold higher than in beech. These results show for the first time sulphite detoxification strategies of trees in situ after natural smoke exposure. Beech and oak trees survived short-term SO2 fumigation due to exclusion of toxic gases and different oxidative detoxification strategies. Beeches use efficient upregulation of oxidative sulphite detoxification enzymes, while oaks hold a constitutively high enzyme-pool available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niklas Weber
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - David Kaufholdt
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Rieke Minner-Meinen
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Elke Bloem
- Institute for Crop and Soil Science Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Bundesallee 69, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Afsheen Shahid
- Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, D-79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, D-79110, Freiburg, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No. 2, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei District, PR China.
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No. 2, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei District, PR China.
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Kosakivska IV. GIBBERELLINS IN REGULATION OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER ABIOTIC STRESSES. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid phytohormones, play an important role in regulation of plant growth and development. Among more than 130 different gibberellin molecules, only a few are bioactive. GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7 regulate plant growth through promotion the degradation of the DELLA proteins, a family of nuclear growth repressors – negative regulator of GAs signaling. Recent studies on GAs biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, and signaling, as well as crosstalk with other phytohormones and environment have achieved great progress thanks to molecular genetics and functional genomics. Aim. In this review, we focused on the role of GAs in regulation of plant gtowth in abiotic stress conditions. Results. We represented a key information on GAs biosynthesis, signaling and functional activity; summarized current understanding of the crosstalk between GAs and auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and other hormones and what is the role of GAs in regulation of adaptation to drought, salinization, high and low temperature conditions, and heavy metal pollution. We emphasize that the effects of GAs depend primarily on the strength and duration of stress and the phase of ontogenesis and tolerance of the plant. By changing the intensity of biosynthesis, the pattern of the distribution and signaling of GAs, plants are able to regulate resistance to abiotic stress, increase viability and even avoid stress. The issues of using retardants – inhibitors of GAs biosynthesis to study the functional activity of hormones under abiotic stresses were discussed. Special attention was focused on the use of exogenous GAs for pre-sowing priming of seeds and foliar treatment of plants. Conclusion. Further study of the role of gibberellins in the acquisition of stress resistance would contribute to the development of biotechnology of exogenous use of the hormone to improve growth and increase plant yields under adverse environmental conditions.
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Oshanova D, Kurmanbayeva A, Bekturova A, Soltabayeva A, Nurbekova Z, Standing D, Dubey AK, Sagi M. Level of Sulfite Oxidase Activity Affects Sulfur and Carbon Metabolism in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690830. [PMID: 34249061 PMCID: PMC8264797 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor containing sulfite oxidase (SO) enzyme is an important player in protecting plants against exogenous toxic sulfite. It was also demonstrated that SO activity is essential to cope with rising dark-induced endogenous sulfite levels and maintain optimal carbon and sulfur metabolism in tomato plants exposed to extended dark stress. The response of SO and sulfite reductase to direct exposure of low and high levels of sulfate and carbon was rarely shown. By employing Arabidopsis wild-type, sulfite reductase, and SO-modulated plants supplied with excess or limited carbon or sulfur supply, the current study demonstrates the important role of SO in carbon and sulfur metabolism. Application of low and excess sucrose, or sulfate levels, led to lower biomass accumulation rates, followed by enhanced sulfite accumulation in SO impaired mutant compared with wild-type. SO-impairment resulted in the channeling of sulfite to the sulfate reduction pathway, resulting in an overflow of organic S accumulation. In addition, sulfite enhancement was followed by oxidative stress contributing as well to the lower biomass accumulation in SO-modulated plants. These results indicate that the role of SO is not limited to protection against elevated sulfite toxicity but to maintaining optimal carbon and sulfur metabolism in Arabidopsis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinara Oshanova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Aizat Bekturova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Aigerim Soltabayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Dominic Standing
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Arvind Kumar Dubey
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- *Correspondence: Moshe Sagi
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23
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Nguyen TQ, Sesin V, Kisiala A, Emery RJN. Phytohormonal Roles in Plant Responses to Heavy Metal Stress: Implications for Using Macrophytes in Phytoremediation of Aquatic Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:7-22. [PMID: 33074580 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals can represent a threat to the health of aquatic ecosystems. Unlike organic chemicals, heavy metals cannot be eliminated by natural processes such as their degradation into less toxic compounds, and this creates unique challenges for their remediation from soil, water, and air. Phytoremediation, defined as the use of plants for the removal of environmental contaminants, has many benefits compared to other pollution-reducing methods. Phytoremediation is simple, efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly because it can be carried out at the polluted site, which simplifies logistics and minimizes exposure to humans and wildlife. Macrophytes represent a unique tool to remediate diverse environmental media because they can accumulate heavy metals from contaminated sediment via roots, from water via submerged leaves, and from air via emergent shoots. In this review, a synopsis is presented about how plants, especially macrophytes, respond to heavy metal stress; and we propose potential roles that phytohormones can play in the alleviation of metal toxicity in the aquatic environment. We focus on the uptake, translocation, and accumulation mechanisms of heavy metals in organs of macrophytes and give examples of how phytohormones interact with plant defense systems under heavy metal exposure. We advocate for a more in-depth understanding of these processes to inform more effective metal remediation techniques from metal-polluted water bodies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:7-22. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Q Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Verena Sesin
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Kisiala
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - R J Neil Emery
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Li Q, Gao Y, Yang A. Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8926. [PMID: 33255536 PMCID: PMC7727837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. S is majorly absorbed as sulfate from soil, and is then translocated to plastids in leaves, where it is assimilated into organic products. Cysteine (Cys) is the first organic product generated from S, and it is used as a precursor to synthesize many S-containing metabolites with important biological functions, such as glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met). The reduction of sulfate takes place in a two-step reaction involving a variety of enzymes. Sulfate transporters (SULTRs) are responsible for the absorption of SO42- from the soil and the transport of SO42- in plants. There are 12-16 members in the S transporter family, which is divided into five categories based on coding sequence homology and biochemical functions. When exposed to S deficiency, plants will alter a series of morphological and physiological processes. Adaptive strategies, including cis-acting elements, transcription factors, non-coding microRNAs, and phytohormones, have evolved in plants to respond to S deficiency. In addition, there is crosstalk between S and other nutrients in plants. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying S homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - An Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Q.L.); (Y.G.)
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25
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Nakai Y, Maruyama-Nakashita A. Biosynthesis of Sulfur-Containing Small Biomolecules in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103470. [PMID: 32423011 PMCID: PMC7278922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential element required for plant growth. It can be found as a thiol group of proteins or non-protein molecules, and as various sulfur-containing small biomolecules, including iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters, molybdenum cofactor (Moco), and sulfur-modified nucleotides. Thiol-mediated redox regulation has been well investigated, whereas biosynthesis pathways of the sulfur-containing small biomolecules have not yet been clearly described. In order to understand overall sulfur transfer processes in plant cells, it is important to elucidate the relationships among various sulfur delivery pathways as well as to investigate their interactions. In this review, we summarize the information from recent studies on the biosynthesis pathways of several sulfur-containing small biomolecules and the proteins participating in these processes. In addition, we show characteristic features of gene expression in Arabidopsis at the early stage of sulfate depletion from the medium, and we provide insights into sulfur transfer processes in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +81-72-684-6516
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
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26
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Xu Z, Wang M, Xu D, Xia Z. The Arabidopsis APR2 positively regulates cadmium tolerance through glutathione-dependent pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109819. [PMID: 31654864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a dangerous environmental pollutant with high toxicity to plants. The adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase 2 (APR2) is the dominant APRs in Arabidopsis and plays an important role in reductive sulfate assimilation pathway. However, whether the involvement of plant APRs in Cd stress response is largely unclear. Herein, we report that APR2 functions in Cd accumulation and tolerance in Arabidopsis. The transcript levels of APR2 were markedly induced by Cd exposure. Transgenic plants overexpressing APR2 improved Cd tolerance, whereas knockout of APR2 reduced Cd tolerance. APR2-overexpressing plants with increased Cd accumulation and tolerance showed higher glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatin (PC) levels than the wild type and apr2 mutant plants, but lower H2O2 and TBARS contents upon Cd exposure. Moreover, exogenous GSH application effectively rescued Cd hypersensitivity in APR2-knockout plants. Further analysis showed that buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis) treatment completely eliminated the enhanced Cd tolerance phenotypes of APR2-overexpressing plants, implying that APR2-mediated enhanced Cd tolerance is GSH dependent. In addition, over-expression of the APR2 led to elevated expressions of the GSH/PC synthesis-related genes under Cd stress. Taken together, our results indicated that APR2 regulated Cd accumulation and tolerance possibly through modulating GSH-dependent antioxidant capability and Cd-chelation machinery in Arabidopsis. APR2 could be exploited for engineering heavy metal-tolerant plants in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Meiping Wang
- Library of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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27
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Cao YW, Qu RJ, Miao YJ, Tang XQ, Zhou Y, Wang L, Geng L. Untargeted liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry reveals metabolic changes in nitrogen-deficient Isatis indigotica Fortune. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 166:112058. [PMID: 31280093 PMCID: PMC7111722 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Isatis indigotica Fortune is a popular herb in traditional Chinese medicine, and various types of metabolites are the basis for its pharmacological efficacy. The biosynthesis and accumulation of these metabolites are closely linked to nitrogen availability; the benefits of low nitrogen application on the environment and herb quality are increasingly prominent. To analyze metabolic changes in the leaves and roots of I.indigotica in nitrogen deficiency conditions, and to identify the pathways and metabolites induced by low nitrogen availability, we used untargeted liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TripleTOF) to obtain metabolomics profiling of I.indigotica under two N-deficiency treatments (0 kg/hm2; 337.5 kg/hm2) and normal nitrogen treatment (675 kg/hm2). A total of 447 metabolites were annotated. Principal component analysis separated the three nitrogen treatments. A greater diversity of metabolites was observed in roots than in leaves under N-deficiency treatments, suggesting that roots have a more important function in low N tolerance. Differential metabolites were mainly enriched in purine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the shikimate pathway, tryptophan metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis that notably induced only in leaves in low nitrogen stress. Moderate N-deficiency benefits carbohydrate accumulation, whereas accumulation of most amino acids decreases. Uniquely, L-tryptophan was maintained at a high concentration in N-deficiency conditions. Low nitrogen stress induced the accumulation of some specialized metabolites (matairesinol, dictamnine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetate (serotonin) in roots and vitexin, xanthohumol, sinapyl alcohol in leaves). N-deficiency also increased the accumulation of adenosine and quality indicators of I.indigotica (indirubin-indigo, epigoitrin and anthranilic acid) in a certain degree. Our findings showed that nitrogen deficiency modified roots and leaves conditions of I.indigotica, affecting both the primary and secondary metabolism. Moderate nitrogen reduction was beneficial to the accumulation of active ingredients. Our methods and analysis are expected to provide an insight regarding the diversity of metabolites and regulation of their synthesis in low nitrogen application, and better investigate the nitrogen deficiency effect on I.indigotica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Cao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ren-Jun Qu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu-Jing Miao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MaoshanXiancao Chinese Herbal Medicine Professional Cooperatives, Zhenjiang, 212400, China
| | - Li Geng
- MaoshanXiancao Chinese Herbal Medicine Professional Cooperatives, Zhenjiang, 212400, China
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28
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Telman W, Dietz KJ. Thiol redox-regulation for efficient adjustment of sulfur metabolism in acclimation to abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4223-4236. [PMID: 30868161 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur assimilation and sulfur metabolism are tightly controlled at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels in order to meet the demand for reduced sulfur in growth and metabolism. These regulatory mechanisms coordinate the cellular sulfhydryl supply with carbon and nitrogen assimilation in particular. Redox homeostasis is an important cellular parameter intimately connected to sulfur by means of multiple thiol modifications. Post-translational thiol modifications such as disulfide formation, sulfenylation, S-nitrosylation, persulfidation, and S-glutathionylation allow for versatile switching and adjustment of protein functions. This review focuses on redox-regulation of enzymes involved in the sulfur assimilation pathway, namely adenosine 5´-phosphosulfate reductase (APR), adenosine 5´-phosphosulfate kinase (APSK), and γ-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL). The activity of these enzymes is adjusted at the transcriptional and post-translational level depending on physiological requirements and the state of the redox and reactive oxygen species network, which are tightly linked to abiotic stress conditions. Hormone-dependent fine-tuning contributes to regulation of sulfur assimilation. Thus, the link between oxylipin signalling and sulfur assimilation has been substantiated by identification of the so-called COPS module in the chloroplast with its components cyclophilin 20-3, O-acetylserine thiol lyase, 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin, and serine acetyl transferase. We now have a detailed understanding of how regulation enables the fine-tuning of sulfur assimilation under both normal and abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilena Telman
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, Bielefeld, Germany
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D'Hooghe P, Picot D, Brunel-Muguet S, Kopriva S, Avice JC, Trouverie J. Germinative and Post-Germinative Behaviours of Brassica napus Seeds Are Impacted by the Severity of S Limitation Applied to the Parent Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E12. [PMID: 30621264 PMCID: PMC6359240 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), sulphur (S) limitation leads to a reduction of seed yield and nutritional quality, but also to a reduction of seed viability and vigour. S metabolism is known to be involved in the control of germination sensu stricto and seedling establishment. Nevertheless, how the germination and the first steps of plant growth are impacted in seeds produced by plants subjected to various sulphate limitations remains largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the impact of various S-limited conditions applied to the mother plants on the germination indexes and the rate of viable seedlings in a spring oilseed rape cultivar (cv. Yudal). Using a 34S-sulphate pulse method, the sulphate uptake capacity during the seedling development was also investigated. The rate of viable seedlings was significantly reduced for seeds produced under the strongest S-limited conditions. This is related to a reduction of germination vigour and to perturbations of post-germinative events. Compared to green seedlings obtained from seeds produced by well-S-supplied plants, the viable seedlings coming from seeds harvested on plants subjected to severe S-limitation treatment showed nonetheless a higher dry biomass and were able to enhance the sulphate uptake by roots and the S translocation to shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe D'Hooghe
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRA, UMR EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal FED4277, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France.
| | - Dimitri Picot
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRA, UMR EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal FED4277, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France.
| | - Sophie Brunel-Muguet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRA, UMR EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal FED4277, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France.
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRA, UMR EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal FED4277, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France.
| | - Jacques Trouverie
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRA, UMR EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal FED4277, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France.
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30
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Samuilov S, Brilhaus D, Rademacher N, Flachbart S, Arab L, Alfarraj S, Kuhnert F, Kopriva S, Weber APM, Mettler-Altmann T, Rennenberg H. The Photorespiratory BOU Gene Mutation Alters Sulfur Assimilation and Its Crosstalk With Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1709. [PMID: 30559749 PMCID: PMC6284229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at elucidating the significance of photorespiratory serine (Ser) production for cysteine (Cys) biosynthesis. For this purpose, sulfur (S) metabolism and its crosstalk with nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) metabolism were analyzed in wildtype Arabidopsis and its photorespiratory bou-2 mutant with impaired glycine decarboxylase (GDC) activity. Foliar glycine and Ser contents were enhanced in the mutant at day and night. The high Ser levels in the mutant cannot be explained by transcript abundances of genes of the photorespiratory pathway or two alternative pathways of Ser biosynthesis. Despite enhanced foliar Ser, reduced GDC activity mediated a decline in sulfur flux into major sulfur pools in the mutant, as a result of deregulation of genes of sulfur reduction and assimilation. Still, foliar Cys and glutathione contents in the mutant were enhanced. The use of Cys for methionine and glucosinolates synthesis was reduced in the mutant. Reduced GDC activity in the mutant downregulated Calvin Cycle and nitrogen assimilation genes, upregulated key enzymes of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway and modified accumulation of sugars and TCA intermediates. Thus, photorespiratory Ser production can be replaced by other metabolic Ser sources, but this replacement deregulates the cross-talk between S, N, and C metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sladjana Samuilov
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dominik Brilhaus
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Rademacher
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Samantha Flachbart
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leila Arab
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Franziska Kuhnert
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas P. M. Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Fu Y, Tang J, Yao GF, Huang ZQ, Li YH, Han Z, Chen XY, Hu LY, Hu KD, Zhang H. Central Role of Adenosine 5'-Phosphosulfate Reductase in the Control of Plant Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1404. [PMID: 30319669 PMCID: PMC6166572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been postulated to be the third gasotransmitter in both animals and plants after nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). In this review, the physiological roles of H2S in plant growth, development and responses to biotic, and abiotic stresses are summarized. The enzymes which generate H2S are subjected to tight regulation to produce H2S when needed, contributing to delicate responses of H2S to environmental stimuli. H2S occupies a central position in plant sulfur metabolism as it is the link of inorganic sulfur to the first organic sulfur-containing compound cysteine which is the starting point for the synthesis of methionine, coenzyme A, vitamins, etc. In sulfur assimilation, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APR) is the rate-limiting enzyme with the greatest control over the pathway and probably the generation of H2S which is an essential component in this process. APR is an evolutionarily conserved protein among plants, and two conserved domains PAPS_reductase and Thioredoxin are found in APR. Sulfate reduction including the APR-catalyzing step is carried out in chloroplasts. APR, the key enzyme in sulfur assimilation, is mainly regulated at transcription level by transcription factors in response to sulfur availability and environmental stimuli. The cis-acting elements in the promoter region of all the three APR genes in Solanum lycopersicum suggest that multiple factors such as sulfur starvation, cytokinins, CO2, and pathogens may regulate the expression of SlAPRs. In conclusion, as a critical enzyme in regulating sulfur assimilation, APR is probably critical for H2S generation during plants' response to diverse environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gai-Fang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhong-Qin Huang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Lan-Ying Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning, Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd., Jieshou, China
| | - Kang-Di Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Kang-Di Hu, Hua Zhang,
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Kang-Di Hu, Hua Zhang,
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Shukla A, Srivastava S, Suprasanna P. Genomics of Metal Stress-Mediated Signalling and Plant Adaptive Responses in Reference to Phytohormones. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:512-522. [PMID: 29204080 PMCID: PMC5684655 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170608093327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a consequence of a sessile lifestyle, plants often have to face a number of life threatening abiotic and biotic stresses. Plants counteract the stresses through morphological and physiological adaptations, which are imparted through flexible and well-coordinated network of signalling and effector molecules, where phytohormones play important role. Hormone synthesis, signal transduction, perception and cross-talks create a complex network. Omics approaches, which include transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, have opened new paths to understand such complex networks. OBJECTIVE This review concentrates on the importance of phytohormones and enzymatic expressions under metal stressed conditions. CONCLUSION This review sheds light on gene expressions involved in plant adaptive and defence responses during metal stress. It gives an insight of genomic approaches leading to identification and functional annotation of genes involved in phytohormone signal transduction and perception. Moreover, it also emphasizes on perception, signalling and cross-talks among various phytohormones and other signalling components viz., Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurakti Shukla
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, U.P., India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, U.P., India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai - 400085, Maharashtra, India
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Kurmanbayeva A, Bekturova A, Srivastava S, Soltabayeva A, Asatryan A, Ventura Y, Khan MS, Salazar O, Fedoroff N, Sagi M. Higher Novel L-Cys Degradation Activity Results in Lower Organic-S and Biomass in Sarcocornia than the Related Saltwort, Salicornia. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:272-289. [PMID: 28743765 PMCID: PMC5580768 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salicornia and Sarcocornia are almost identical halophytes whose edible succulent shoots hold promise for commercial production in saline water. Enhanced sulfur nutrition may be beneficial to crops naturally grown on high sulfate. However, little is known about sulfate nutrition in halophytes. Here we show that Salicornia europaea (ecotype RN) exhibits a significant increase in biomass and organic-S accumulation in response to supplemental sulfate, whereas Sarcocornia fruticosa (ecotype VM) does not, instead exhibiting increased sulfate accumulation. We investigated the role of two pathways on organic-S and biomass accumulation in Salicornia and Sarcoconia: the sulfate reductive pathway that generates Cys and l-Cys desulfhydrase that degrades Cys to H2S, NH3, and pyruvate. The major function of O-acetyl-Ser-(thiol) lyase (OAS-TL; EC 2.5.1.47) is the formation of l-Cys, but our study shows that the OAS-TL A and OAS-TL B of both halophytes are enzymes that also degrade l-Cys to H2S. This activity was significantly higher in Sarcocornia than in Salicornia, especially upon sulfate supplementation. The activity of the sulfate reductive pathway key enzyme, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APR, EC 1.8.99.2), was significantly higher in Salicornia than in Sarcocornia These results suggest that the low organic-S level in Sarcocornia is the result of high l-Cys degradation rate by OAS-TLs, whereas the greater organic-S and biomass accumulation in Salicornia is the result of higher APR activity and low l-Cys degradation rate, resulting in higher net Cys biosynthesis. These results present an initial road map for halophyte growers to attain better growth rates and nutritional value of Salicornia and Sarcocornia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- Plant Stress Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Aizat Bekturova
- Plant Stress Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Aigerim Soltabayeva
- Plant Stress Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Armine Asatryan
- Plant Stress Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Yvonne Ventura
- Plant Stress Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
| | - Mohammad Suhail Khan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Octavio Salazar
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nina Fedoroff
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Evan Pugh Professor Emerita, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Moshe Sagi
- Plant Stress Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel
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Jin Y, Fan X, Li X, Zhang Z, Sun L, Fu Z, Lavoie M, Pan X, Qian H. Distinct physiological and molecular responses in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to aluminum oxide nanoparticles and ionic aluminum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 228:517-527. [PMID: 28576325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nano-aluminium oxide (nAl2O3) is one of the most widely used nanomaterials. However, nAl2O3 toxicity mechanisms and potential beneficial effects on terrestrial plant physiology remain poorly understood. Such knowledge is essential for the development of robust nAl2O3 risk assessment. In this study, we studied the influence of a 10-d exposure to a total selected concentration of 98 μM nAl2O3 or to the equivalent molar concentration of ionic Al (AlCl3) (196 μM) on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana on the physiology (e.g., growth and photosynthesis, membrane damage) and the transcriptome using a high throughput state-of-the-art technology, RNA-seq. We found no evidence of nAl2O3 toxicity on photosynthesis, growth and lipid peroxidation. Rather the nAl2O3 treatment stimulated root weight and length by 48% and 39%, respectively as well as photosynthesis opening up the door to the use of nAl2O3 in biotechnology and nano agriculture. Transcriptomic analyses indicate that the beneficial effect of nAl2O3 was related to an increase in the transcription of several genes involved in root growth as well as in root nutrient uptake (e.g., up-regulation of the root hair-specific gene family and root development genes, POLARIS protein). By contrast, the ionic Al treatment decreased shoot and root weight of Arabidopsis thaliana by 57.01% and 45.15%, respectively. This toxic effect was coupled to a range of response at the gene transcription level including increase transcription of antioxidant-related genes and transcription of genes involved in plant defense response to pathogens. This work provides an integrated understanding at the molecular and physiological level of the effects of nAl2O3 and ionic Al in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Jin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Xiaoji Fan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Xingxing Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Michel Lavoie
- Quebec-Ocean and Takuvik Joint International Research Unit, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
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Gupta S, Bhar A, Chatterjee M, Ghosh A, Das S. Transcriptomic dissection reveals wide spread differential expression in chickpea during early time points of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Race 1 attack. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178164. [PMID: 28542579 PMCID: PMC5460890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants' reaction to underground microorganisms is complex as sessile nature of plants compels them to prioritize their responses to diverse microorganisms both pathogenic and symbiotic. Roots of important crops are directly exposed to diverse microorganisms, but investigations involving root pathogens are significantly less. Thus, more studies involving root pathogens and their target crops are necessitated to enrich the understanding of underground interactions. Present study reported the molecular complexities in chickpea during Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Race 1 (Foc1) infection. Transcriptomic dissections using RNA-seq showed significantly differential expression of molecular transcripts between infected and control plants of both susceptible and resistant genotypes. Radar plot analyses showed maximum expressional undulations after infection in both susceptible and resistant plants. Gene ontology and functional clustering showed large number of transcripts controlling basic metabolism of plants. Network analyses demonstrated defense components like peptidyl cis/trans isomerase, MAP kinase, beta 1,3 glucanase, serine threonine kinase, patatin like protein, lactolylglutathione lyase, coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, sulfotransferases; reactive oxygen species regulating components like respiratory burst oxidase, superoxide dismutases, cytochrome b5 reductase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, ATPase; metabolism regulating components, myo inositol phosphate, carboxylate synthase; transport related gamma tonoplast intrinsic protein, and structural component, ubiquitins to serve as important nodals of defense signaling network. These nodal molecules probably served as hub controllers of defense signaling. Functional characterization of these hub molecules would not only help in developing better understanding of chickpea-Foc1 interaction but also place them as promising candidates for resistance management programs against vascular wilt of legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanti Gupta
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Bhar
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Moniya Chatterjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amartya Ghosh
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sampa Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Reich M, Aghajanzadeh T, Helm J, Parmar S, Hawkesford MJ, De Kok LJ. Chloride and sulfate salinity differently affect biomass, mineral nutrient composition and expression of sulfate transport and assimilation genes in Brassica rapa. PLANT AND SOIL 2016; 411:319-332. [PMID: 32269390 PMCID: PMC7115016 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-016-3026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It remains uncertain whether a higher toxicity of either NaCl or Na2SO4 in plants is due to an altered toxicity of sodium or a different toxicity of the anions. The aim of this study was to determine the contributions of sodium and the two anions to the different toxicities of chloride and sulfate salinity. The effects of the different salts on physiological parameters, mineral nutrient composition and expression of genes of sulfate transport and assimilation were studied. METHODS Seedlings of Brassica rapa L. have been exposed to NaCl, Na2SO4, KCl and K2SO4 to assess the potential synergistic effect of the anions with the toxic cation sodium, as well as their separate toxicities if accompanied by the non-toxic cation potassium. Biomass production, stomatal resistance and Fv/fm were measured to determine differences in ionic and osmotic stress caused by the salts. Anion content (HPLC), mineral nutrient composition (ICP-AES) and gene expression of sulfate transporters and sulfur assimilatory enzymes (real-time qPCR) were analyzed. RESULTS Na2SO4 impeded growth to a higher extent than NaCl and was the only salt to decrease Fv/fm. K2SO4 reduced plant growth more than NaCl. Analysis of mineral nutrient contents of plant tissue revealed that differences in sodium accumulation could not explain the increased toxicity of sulfate over chloride salts. Shoot contents of calcium, manganese and phosphorus were decreased more strongly by exposure to Na2SO4 than by NaCl. The expression levels of genes encoding proteins for sulfate transport and assimilation were differently affected by the different salts. While gene expression of primary sulfate uptake at roots was down-regulated upon exposure to sulfate salts, presumably to prevent an excessive uptake, genes encoding for the vacuolar sulfate transporter Sultr4;1 were upregulated. Gene expression of ATP sulfurylase was hardly affected by salinity in shoot and roots, the transcript level of 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase (APR) was decreased upon exposure to sulfate salts in roots. Sulfite reductase was decreased in the shoot by all salts similarly and remained unaffected in roots. CONCLUSIONS The higher toxicity of Na2SO4 over NaCl in B. rapa seemed to be due to an increased toxicity of sulfate over chloride, as indicated by the higher toxicity of K2SO4 over KCl. Thus, toxicity of sodium was not promoted by sulfate. The observed stronger negative effect on the tissue contents of calcium, manganese and phosphorus could contribute to the increased toxicity of sulfate over chloride. The upregulation of Sultr4;1 and 4;2 under sulfate salinity might lead to a detrimental efflux of stored sulfate from the vacuole into the cytosol and the chloroplasts. It remains unclear why expression of Sultr4;1 and 4;2 was upregulated. A possible explanation is a control of the gene expression of these transporters by the sulfate gradient across the tonoplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reich
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tahereh Aghajanzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Juliane Helm
- Plant Biodiversity Group, Institute of Systematic Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 16, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Saroj Parmar
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Malcolm J. Hawkesford
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Luit J. De Kok
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
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Miao H, Cai C, Wei J, Huang J, Chang J, Qian H, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Sun B, Wang B, Wang Q. Glucose enhances indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis without reducing primary sulfur assimilation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31854. [PMID: 27549907 PMCID: PMC4994012 DOI: 10.1038/srep31854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of glucose as a signaling molecule on induction of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis was reported in our former study. Here, we further investigated the regulatory mechanism of indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis by glucose in Arabidopsis. Glucose exerted a positive influence on indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis, which was demonstrated by induced accumulation of indolic glucosinolates and enhanced expression of related genes upon glucose treatment. Genetic analysis revealed that MYB34 and MYB51 were crucial in maintaining the basal indolic glucosinolate accumulation, with MYB34 being pivotal in response to glucose signaling. The increased accumulation of indolic glucosinolates and mRNA levels of MYB34, MYB51, and MYB122 caused by glucose were inhibited in the gin2-1 mutant, suggesting an important role of HXK1 in glucose-mediated induction of indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis. In contrast to what was known on the function of ABI5 in glucose-mediated aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, ABI5 was not required for glucose-induced indolic glucosinolate accumulation. In addition, our results also indicated that glucose-induced glucosinolate accumulation was due to enhanced sulfur assimilation instead of directed sulfur partitioning into glucosinolate biosynthesis. Thus, our data provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying glucose-regulated glucosinolate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Congxi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaqi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongmei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bingliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Koprivova A, Kopriva S. Hormonal control of sulfate uptake and assimilation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:617-27. [PMID: 26810064 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones have a plethora of functions in control of plant development, stress response, and primary metabolism, including nutrient homeostasis. In the plant nutrition, the interplay of hormones with responses to nitrate and phosphate deficiency is well described, but relatively little is known about the interaction between phytohormones and regulation of sulfur metabolism. As for other nutrients, sulfate deficiency results in modulation of root architecture, where hormones are expected to play an important role. Accordingly, sulfate deficiency induces genes involved in metabolism of tryptophane and auxin. Also jasmonate biosynthesis is induced, pointing to the need of increase the defense capabilities of the plants when sulfur is limiting. However, hormones affect also sulfate uptake and assimilation. The pathway is coordinately induced by jasmonate and the key enzyme, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase, is additionally regulated by ethylene, abscisic acid, nitric oxid, and other phytohormones. Perhaps the most intriguing link between hormones and sulfate assimilation is the fact that the main regulator of the response to sulfate starvation, SULFATE LIMITATION1 (SLIM1) belongs to the family of ethylene related transcription factors. We will review the current knowledge of interplay between phytohormones and control of sulfur metabolism and discuss the main open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koprivova
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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Casaretto JA, El-Kereamy A, Zeng B, Stiegelmeyer SM, Chen X, Bi YM, Rothstein SJ. Expression of OsMYB55 in maize activates stress-responsive genes and enhances heat and drought tolerance. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:312. [PMID: 27129581 PMCID: PMC4850646 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant response mechanisms to heat and drought stresses have been considered in strategies for generating stress tolerant genotypes, but with limited success. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome and improved tolerance to heat stress and drought of maize plants over-expressing the OsMYB55 gene. RESULTS Over-expression of OsMYB55 in maize decreased the negative effects of high temperature and drought resulting in improved plant growth and performance under these conditions. This was evidenced by the higher plant biomass and reduced leaf damage exhibited by the transgenic lines compared to wild type when plants were subjected to individual or combined stresses and during or after recovery from stress. A global transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing revealed that several genes induced by heat stress in wild type plants are constitutively up-regulated in OsMYB55 transgenic maize. In addition, a significant number of genes up-regulated in OsMYB55 transgenic maize under control or heat treatments have been associated with responses to abiotic stresses including high temperature, dehydration and oxidative stress. The latter is a common and major consequence of imposed heat and drought conditions, suggesting that this altered gene expression may be associated with the improved stress tolerance in these transgenic lines. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of the transcriptome also pinpoint the relevance of specific biological processes for stress responses. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that expression of OsMYB55 can improve tolerance to heat stress and drought in maize plants. Enhanced expression of stress-associated genes may be involved in OsMYB55-mediated stress tolerance. Possible implications for the improved tolerance to heat stress and drought of OsMYB55 transgenic maize are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Casaretto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Ashraf El-Kereamy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Cooperative Extension - Kern County, Bakersfield, CA, 93307, USA
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Suzy M Stiegelmeyer
- Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Expression Analysis, Inc., Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yong-Mei Bi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Steven J Rothstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Singh S, Parihar P, Singh R, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Role of Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Ionomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1143. [PMID: 26904030 PMCID: PMC4744854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by the increasing population growth and inherent food demand. It has been reported in several studies that counterbalancing toxicity due to heavy metal requires complex mechanisms at molecular, biochemical, physiological, cellular, tissue, and whole plant level, which might manifest in terms of improved crop productivity. Recent advances in various disciplines of biological sciences such as metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc., have assisted in the characterization of metabolites, transcription factors, and stress-inducible proteins involved in heavy metal tolerance, which in turn can be utilized for generating heavy metal-tolerant crops. This review summarizes various tolerance strategies of plants under heavy metal toxicity covering the role of metabolites (metabolomics), trace elements (ionomics), transcription factors (transcriptomics), various stress-inducible proteins (proteomics) as well as the role of plant hormones. We also provide a glance of some strategies adopted by metal-accumulating plants, also known as "metallophytes."
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Rachana Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Department of Botany, Government Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Sarguja UniversityBaikunthpur, India
| | - Sheo M. Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
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Wawrzynska A, Moniuszko G, Sirko A. Links Between Ethylene and Sulfur Nutrition-A Regulatory Interplay or Just Metabolite Association? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1053. [PMID: 26648954 PMCID: PMC4664752 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple reports demonstrate associations between ethylene and sulfur metabolisms, however the details of these links have not yet been fully characterized; the links might be at the metabolic and the regulatory levels. First, sulfur-containing metabolite, methionine, is a precursor of ethylene and is a rate limiting metabolite for ethylene synthesis; the methionine cycle contributes to both sulfur and ethylene metabolism. On the other hand, ethylene is involved in the complex response networks to various stresses and it is known that S deficiency leads to photosynthesis and C metabolism disturbances that might be responsible for oxidative stress. In several plant species, ethylene increases during sulfur starvation and might serve signaling purposes to initiate the process of metabolism reprogramming during adjustment to sulfur deficit. An elevated level of ethylene might result from increased activity of enzymes involved in its synthesis. It has been demonstrated that the alleviation of cadmium stress in plants by application of S seems to be mediated by ethylene formation. On the other hand, the ethylene-insensitive Nicotiana attenuata plants are impaired in sulfur uptake, reduction and metabolism, and they invest their already limited S into methionine needed for synthesis of ethylene constitutively emitted in large amounts to the atmosphere. Regulatory links of EIN3 and SLIM1 (both from the same family of transcriptional factors) involved in the regulation of ethylene and sulfur pathway, respectively, is also quite probable as well as the reciprocal modulation of both pathways on the enzyme activity levels.
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Kopriva S, Calderwood A, Weckopp SC, Koprivova A. Plant sulfur and Big Data. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:1-10. [PMID: 26706053 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential mineral nutrient for plants, therefore, the pathways of its uptake and assimilation have been extensively studied. Great progress has been made in elucidation of the individual genes and enzymes and their regulation. Sulfur assimilation has been intensively investigated by -omics technologies and has been target of several genome wide genetic approaches. This brought a significant step in our understanding of the regulation of the pathway and its integration in cellular metabolism. However, the large amount of information derived from other experiments not directly targeting sulfur has also brought new and exciting insights into processes affecting sulfur homeostasis. In this review we will integrate the findings of the targeted experiments with those that brought unintentional progress in sulfur research, and will discuss how to synthesize the large amount of information available in various repositories into a meaningful dissection of the regulation of a specific metabolic pathway. We then speculate how this might be used to further advance knowledge on control of sulfur metabolism and what are the main questions to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Germany.
| | | | - Silke C Weckopp
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Koprivova
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Germany
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García MJ, Romera FJ, Lucena C, Alcántara E, Pérez-Vicente R. Ethylene and the Regulation of Physiological and Morphological Responses to Nutrient Deficiencies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:51-60. [PMID: 26175512 PMCID: PMC4577413 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To cope with nutrient deficiencies, plants develop both morphological and physiological responses. The regulation of these responses is not totally understood, but some hormones and signaling substances have been implicated. It was suggested several years ago that ethylene participates in the regulation of responses to iron and phosphorous deficiency. More recently, its role has been extended to other deficiencies, such as potassium, sulfur, and others. The role of ethylene in so many deficiencies suggests that, to confer specificity to the different responses, it should act through different transduction pathways and/or in conjunction with other signals. In this update, the data supporting a role for ethylene in the regulation of responses to different nutrient deficiencies will be reviewed. In addition, the results suggesting the action of ethylene through different transduction pathways and its interaction with other hormones and signaling substances will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José García
- Department of Botany, Ecology, and Plant Physiology (M.J.G., R.P.-V.) andDepartment of Agronomy (F.J.R., C.L., E.A.), University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Romera
- Department of Botany, Ecology, and Plant Physiology (M.J.G., R.P.-V.) andDepartment of Agronomy (F.J.R., C.L., E.A.), University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Department of Botany, Ecology, and Plant Physiology (M.J.G., R.P.-V.) andDepartment of Agronomy (F.J.R., C.L., E.A.), University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Esteban Alcántara
- Department of Botany, Ecology, and Plant Physiology (M.J.G., R.P.-V.) andDepartment of Agronomy (F.J.R., C.L., E.A.), University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Department of Botany, Ecology, and Plant Physiology (M.J.G., R.P.-V.) andDepartment of Agronomy (F.J.R., C.L., E.A.), University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
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Kalloniati C, Krompas P, Karalias G, Udvardi MK, Rennenberg H, Herschbach C, Flemetakis E. Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules Are an Important Source of Reduced Sulfur, Which Triggers Global Changes in Sulfur Metabolism in Lotus japonicus. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:2384-400. [PMID: 26296963 PMCID: PMC4815097 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We combined transcriptomic and biochemical approaches to study rhizobial and plant sulfur (S) metabolism in nitrogen (N) fixing nodules (Fix(+)) of Lotus japonicus, as well as the link of S-metabolism to symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the effect of nodules on whole-plant S-partitioning and metabolism. Our data reveal that N-fixing nodules are thiol-rich organs. Their high adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase activity and strong (35)S-flux into cysteine and its metabolites, in combination with the transcriptional upregulation of several rhizobial and plant genes involved in S-assimilation, highlight the function of nodules as an important site of S-assimilation. The higher thiol content observed in nonsymbiotic organs of N-fixing plants in comparison to uninoculated plants could not be attributed to local biosynthesis, indicating that nodules are an important source of reduced S for the plant, which triggers whole-plant reprogramming of S-metabolism. Enhanced thiol biosynthesis in nodules and their impact on the whole-plant S-economy are dampened in plants nodulated by Fix(-) mutant rhizobia, which in most respects metabolically resemble uninoculated plants, indicating a strong interdependency between N-fixation and S-assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Krompas
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Karalias
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael K Udvardi
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Hernández LE, Sobrino-Plata J, Montero-Palmero MB, Carrasco-Gil S, Flores-Cáceres ML, Ortega-Villasante C, Escobar C. Contribution of glutathione to the control of cellular redox homeostasis under toxic metal and metalloid stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2901-11. [PMID: 25750419 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of toxic metals and metalloids, such as cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), or arsenic (As), as a consequence of various anthropogenic activities, poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. The ability of plants to take up mineral nutrients from the soil can be exploited to develop phytoremediation technologies able to alleviate the negative impact of toxic elements in terrestrial ecosystems. However, we must select plant species or populations capable of tolerating exposure to hazardous elements. The tolerance of plant cells to toxic elements is highly dependent on glutathione (GSH) metabolism. GSH is a biothiol tripeptide that plays a fundamental dual role: first, as an antioxidant to mitigate the redox imbalance caused by toxic metal(loid) accumulation, and second as a precursor of phytochelatins (PCs), ligand peptides that limit the free ion cellular concentration of those pollutants. The sulphur assimilation pathway, synthesis of GSH, and production of PCs are tightly regulated in order to alleviate the phytotoxicity of different hazardous elements, which might induce specific stress signatures. This review provides an update on mechanisms of tolerance that depend on biothiols in plant cells exposed to toxic elements, with a particular emphasis on the Hg-triggered responses, and considering the contribution of hormones to their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Hernández
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sobrino-Plata
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, ES-45070 Toledo, Spain
| | - M Belén Montero-Palmero
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, ES-45070 Toledo, Spain
| | - Sandra Carrasco-Gil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain † Present address: Aula Dei Experimental Research Station-CSIC, Avd. Montañana, ES- 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Laura Flores-Cáceres
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ortega-Villasante
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, ES-45070 Toledo, Spain
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Calderwood A, Morris RJ, Kopriva S. Predictive sulfur metabolism - a field in flux. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:646. [PMID: 25477892 PMCID: PMC4235266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The key role of sulfur metabolites in response to biotic and abiotic stress in plants, as well as their importance in diet and health has led to a significant interest and effort in trying to understand and manipulate the production of relevant compounds. Metabolic engineering utilizes a set of theoretical tools to help rationally design modifications that enhance the production of a desired metabolite. Such approaches have proven their value in bacterial systems, however, the paucity of success stories to date in plants, suggests that challenges remain. Here, we review the most commonly used methods for understanding metabolic flux, focusing on the sulfur assimilatory pathway. We highlight known issues with both experimental and theoretical approaches, as well as presenting recent methods for integrating different modeling strategies, and progress toward an understanding of flux at the whole plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard J. Morris
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes CentreNorwich, UK
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne BiocenterCologne, Germany
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Giovannetti M, Tolosano M, Volpe V, Kopriva S, Bonfante P. Identification and functional characterization of a sulfate transporter induced by both sulfur starvation and mycorrhiza formation in Lotus japonicus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 204:609-619. [PMID: 25132489 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) are one of the most widespread symbioses in the world. They allow plants to receive mineral nutrients from the symbiotic fungus which in turn gets back up to 20% of plant carbon and completes its life cycle. Especially in low-nutrient conditions, AM fungi are capable of significantly improving plant phosphate and nitrogen acquisition, but fewer data are available about sulfur (S) nutrition. We focused on S metabolism in Lotus japonicus upon mycorrhizal colonization under sulfur starvation or repletion. We investigated both tissue sulfate concentrations and S-related gene expression, at cell-type or whole-organ level. Gene expression and sulfate tissue concentration showed that Rhizophagus irregularis colonization can improve plant S nutritional status under S starvation. A group 1 sulfate transporter, LjSultr1;2, induced by both S starvation and mycorrhiza formation, was identified. Its transcript was localized in arbuscule-containing cells, which was confirmed with a promoter-GUS assay, and its function was verified through phenotyping of TILLING mutants in nonmycorrhizal seedlings. LjSultr1;2 thus appears to encode a key protein involved in plant sulfate uptake. In contrast to phosphate transporters, a single gene, LjSultr1;2, seems to mediate both direct and symbiotic pathways of S uptake in L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giovannetti
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Tolosano
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Veronica Volpe
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
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Nazar R, Khan MIR, Iqbal N, Masood A, Khan NA. Involvement of ethylene in reversal of salt-inhibited photosynthesis by sulfur in mustard. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:331-44. [PMID: 24547902 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) assimilation results in the synthesis of cysteine (Cys), a common metabolite for the formation of both reduced glutathione (GSH) and ethylene. Thus, ethylene may have regulatory interaction with GSH in the alleviation of salt stress. The involvement of ethylene in the alleviation of salt stress by S application was studied in mustard (Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Jai Kisan). First, the effects of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM SO4 (2) (-) were studied on photosynthetic and growth parameters to ascertain the S requirement as sufficient-S and excess-S for the plant. In further experiments, the effects of sufficient-S (1 mM SO4 (2) (-) ) and excess-S (2 mM SO4 (2) (-) ) were studied on the alleviation of salt stress-induced by 100 mM NaCl, and ethylene involvement in the alleviation of salt stress by S. Under non-saline condition, excess-S increased ethylene with less content of Cys and GSH and adversely affected photosynthesis and growth. In contrast, excess-S maximally alleviated salt stress due to high demand for S and optimal ethylene formation, which maximally increased GSH and promoted photosynthesis and growth. The involvement of ethylene in S-mediated alleviation of salt stress was further substantiated by the reversal of the effects of excess-S on photosynthesis by aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor. The studies suggest that plants respond differentially to the S availability under non-saline and salt stress and excess-S was more potential in the alleviation of salt stress. Further, ethylene regulates plants' response and excess S-induced alleviation of salt stress and promotion of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Nazar
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Koprivova A, Harper AL, Trick M, Bancroft I, Kopriva S. Dissection of the control of anion homeostasis by associative transcriptomics in Brassica napus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:442-50. [PMID: 25049360 PMCID: PMC4149728 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.239947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To assess the variation in nutrient homeostasis in oilseed rape and to identify the genes responsible for this variation, we determined foliar anion levels in a diversity panel of Brassica napus accessions, 84 of which had been genotyped previously using messenger RNA sequencing. We applied associative transcriptomics to identify sequence polymorphisms linked to variation in nitrate, phosphate, or sulfate in these accessions. The analysis identified several hundred significant associations for each anion. Using functional annotation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homologs and available microarray data, we identified 60 candidate genes for controlling variation in the anion contents. To verify that these genes function in the control of nutrient homeostasis, we obtained Arabidopsis transfer DNA insertion lines for these candidates and tested them for the accumulation of nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate. Fourteen lines differed significantly in levels of the corresponding anions. Several of these genes have been shown previously to affect the accumulation of the corresponding anions in Arabidopsis mutants. These results thus confirm the power of associative transcriptomics in dissection of the genetic control of complex traits and present a set of candidate genes for use in the improvement of efficiency of B. napus mineral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koprivova
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea L Harper
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Trick
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Bancroft
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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Yarmolinsky D, Brychkova G, Kurmanbayeva A, Bekturova A, Ventura Y, Khozin-Goldberg I, Eppel A, Fluhr R, Sagi M. Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1505-1520. [PMID: 24987017 PMCID: PMC4119034 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.241356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfite reductase (SiR) is an essential enzyme of the sulfate assimilation reductive pathway, which catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide. Here, we show that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with impaired SiR expression due to RNA interference (SIR Ri) developed early leaf senescence. The visual chlorophyll degradation in leaves of SIR Ri mutants was accompanied by a reduction of maximal quantum yield, as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, messenger RNA transcripts and proteins involved in chlorophyll breakdown in the chloroplasts were found to be enhanced in the mutants, while transcripts and their plastidic proteins, functioning in photosystem II, were reduced in these mutants compared with wild-type leaves. As a consequence of SiR impairment, the levels of sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate were higher and glutathione levels were lower compared with the wild type. Unexpectedly, in a futile attempt to compensate for the low glutathione, the activity of adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase was enhanced, leading to further sulfite accumulation in SIR Ri plants. Increased sulfite oxidation to sulfate and incorporation of sulfite into sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols were not sufficient to maintain low basal sulfite levels, resulting in accumulative leaf damage in mutant leaves. Our results indicate that, in addition to its biosynthetic role, SiR plays an important role in prevention of premature senescence. The higher sulfite is likely the main reason for the initiation of chlorophyll degradation, while the lower glutathione as well as the higher hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde additionally contribute to premature senescence in mutant leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Galina Brychkova
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Aizat Bekturova
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Yvonne Ventura
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Amir Eppel
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Robert Fluhr
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
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