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Gao S, Yang Y, Guo J, Zhang X, Feng M, Su Y, Que Y, Xu L. Ectopic Expression of Sugarcane ScAMT1.1 Has the Potential to Improve Ammonium Assimilation and Grain Yield in Transgenic Rice under Low Nitrogen Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021595. [PMID: 36675108 PMCID: PMC9863325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, nitrogen (N) fertilizer is excessively used in sugarcane planting areas, while the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of sugarcane is relatively low. Mining and identifying the key genes in response to low N stress in sugarcane can provide useful gene elements and a theoretical basis for developing sugarcane varieties with high NUE. In our study, RNA-Seq combined with qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the ScAMT1.1 gene responded positively to low N stress, resulting in the stronger low N tolerance and high NUE ability of sugarcane cultivar ROC22. Then, ScAMT1.1 was cloned from sugarcane. The full-length cDNA of the ScAMT1.1 gene is 1868 bp, containing a 1491 bp open reading frame (ORF), and encoding 496 amino acids. ScAMT1.1 belongs to the AMT superfamily and shares 91.57% homologies with AMT1.1 from Oryza sativa. Furthermore, it was stably overexpressed in rice (O. sativa). Under low N treatment, the plant height and the fresh weight of the ScAMT1.1-overexpressed transgenic rice were 36.48% and 51.55% higher than that of the wild-type, respectively. Both the activity of ammonium assimilation key enzymes GS and GDH, and the expression level of ammonium assimilation key genes, including GS1.1, GS1.2, GDH, Fd-GOGAT, and NADH-GOGAT2 in the transgenic plants, were significantly higher than that of the wild-type. The grain number and grain yield per plant in the transgenic rice were 6.44% and 9.52% higher than that of the wild-type in the pot experiments, respectively. Taken together, the sugarcane ScAMT1.1 gene has the potential to improve ammonium assimilation ability and the yield of transgenic rice under low N fertilizer conditions. This study provided an important functional gene for improving sugarcane varieties with high NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingying Yang
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-591-8385-1742 (Y.Y. & L.X.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liping Xu
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-591-8385-1742 (Y.Y. & L.X.)
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Jiang Q, Lin C, Guo R, Xiong D, Yao X, Wang X, Chen T, Jia L, Wu D, Fan A, Chen G, Yang Y. Root nitrogen uptake capacity of Chinese fir enhanced by warming and nitrogen addition. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:31-46. [PMID: 36049081 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a knowledge gap in the effects of climate warming and nitrogen (N) deposition on root N absorption capacity, which limits our ability to predict how climate change alters the N cycling and its consequences for forest productivity especially in subtropical areas where soil N availability is already high. In order to explore the effects and mechanism of warming and the N deposition on root N absorption capacity of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), a subtropical arbuscular mycorrhizal conifer, the fine root 15NH4+ and 15NO3- uptake kinetics at a reference temperature of 20 °C were measured across different seasons in a factorial soil warming (ambient, +5 °C) × N addition (ambient, +40 kg N ha-1 yr-1) experiment. The results showed that (i) compared with the control, warming increased the maximal uptake rate of NH4+ (Vmax,20 °C-NH4+) in summer, while N addition enhanced it in spring and summer; compared with non-warming treatments, warming treatments increased the uptake rate of NO3- at a reference concentration of 100 μmol (V100,20 °C-NO3-) in spring. (ii) The analysis of covariance showed that Vmax,20 °C-NH4+ was positively correlated with root mycorrhizal colonization rate (MCR) and V100,20 °C-NO3- was positively correlated with specific root respiration rate (SRR), whereas no N uptake kinetic parameter was correlated with specific root length, root N and non-structural carbon concentrations. Thus, our results demonstrate that warming-increased root NH4+ uptake might be related to warming-increased MCR, whereas warming-increased root NO3- uptake might be related to warming-increased SRR. We conclude that root NH4+ and NO3- uptake capacity of subtropical Chinese fir can be elevated under warming and N deposition, which could improve plantation productivity and mitigate N leaching loss and soil acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chengfang Lin
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Runquan Guo
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Decheng Xiong
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Linqiao Jia
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ailian Fan
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Guangshui Chen
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Xia J, Wang Y, Zhang T, Pan C, Ji Y, Zhou Y, Jiang X. Genome-wide identification, expression profiling, and functional analysis of ammonium transporter 2 (AMT2) gene family in cassava ( Manihot esculenta crantz). Front Genet 2023; 14:1145735. [PMID: 36911399 PMCID: PMC9992417 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1145735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nitrogen (N), absorbed primarily as ammonium (NH4 +) from soil by plant, is a necessary macronutrient in plant growth and development. Ammonium transporter (AMT) plays a vital role in the absorption and transport of ammonium (NH4 +). Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has a strong adaptability to nitrogen deprivation. However, little is known about the functions of ammonium transporter AMT2 in cassava. Methods: The cassava AMT2-type genes were identified and their characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatic techniques. The spatial expression patterns were analyzed based on the public RNA-seq data and their expression profiles under low ammonium treatment were studied using Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method. The cassava AMT2 genes were transformed into yeast mutant strain TM31019b by PEG/LiAc method to investigate their functions. Results: Seven AMT2-type genes (MeAMT2.1-2.7) were identified in cassava and they were distributed on 6 chromosomes and included two segmental duplication events (MeAMT2.2/MeAMT2.4 and MeAMT2.3/MeAMT2.5). Based on their amino acid sequences, seven MeAMT2 were further divided into four subgroups, and each subgroup contained similar motif constitution and protein structure. Synteny analysis showed that two and four MeAMT2 genes in cassava were collinear with those in the Arabidopsis and soybean genomes, respectively. Sixteen types of cis-elements were identified in the MeAMT2 promoters, and they were related to light-, hormone-, stress-, and plant growth and development-responsive elements, respectively. Most of the MeAMT2 genes displayed tissue-specific expression patterns according to the RNA-seq data, of them, three MeAMT2 (MeAMT2.3, MeAMT2.5, and MeATM2.6) expressions were up-regulated under ammonium deficiency. Complementation experiments showed that yeast mutant strain TM31019b transformed with MeAMT2.3, MeAMT2.5, or MeATM2.6 grew better than untransgenic yeast cells under ammonium deficiency, suggesting that MeAMT2.3, MeAMT2.5, and MeATM2.6 might be the main contributors in response to ammonium deficiency in cassava. Conclusion: This study provides a basis for further study of nitrogen efficient utilization in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Xia
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang, China
| | - Chengcai Pan
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yiyin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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The Relationship between Ectomycorrhizal Fungi, Nitrogen Deposition, and Pinus massoniana Seedling Nitrogen Transporter Gene Expression and Nitrogen Uptake Kinetics. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010065. [PMID: 36675886 PMCID: PMC9862668 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyzing the molecular and physiological processes that govern the uptake and transport of nitrogen (N) in plants is central to efforts to fully understand the optimization of plant N use and the changes in the N-use efficiency in relation to changes in atmospheric N deposition changes. Here, a field experiment was conducted using the ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) and Suillus grevillei (Sg). The effects of N deposition were investigated using concentrations of 0 kg·N·hm-2a-1 (N0), a normal N deposition of 30 kg·N·hm-2a-1 (N30), a moderate N deposition of 60 kg·N·hm-2a-1 (N60), and a severe N deposition of 90 kg·N·hm-2a-1 (N90), with the goal of examining how these factors impacted root activity, root absorbing area, NH4+ and NO3- uptake kinetics, and the expression of ammonium and nitrate transporter genes in Pinus massoniana seedlings under different levels of N deposition. These data revealed that EMF inoculation led to increased root dry weight, activity, and absorbing area. The NH4+ and NO3- uptake kinetics in seedlings conformed to the Michaelis-Menten equation, and uptake rates declined with increasing levels of N addition, with NH4+ uptake rates remaining higher than NO3- uptake rates for all tested concentrations. EMF inoculation was associated with higher Vmax values than were observed for non-mycorrhizal plants. Nitrogen addition resulted in the upregulation of genes in the AMT1 family and the downregulation of genes in the NRT family. EMF inoculation under the N60 and N90 treatment conditions resulted in the increased expression of each of both these gene families. NH4+ and NO3- uptake kinetics were also positively correlated with associated transporter gene expression in P. massoniana roots. Together, these data offer a theoretical foundation for EMF inoculation under conditions of increased N deposition associated with climate change in an effort to improve N absorption and transport rates through the regulation of key nitrogen transporter genes, thereby enhancing N utilization efficiency and promoting plant growth. Synopsis: EMF could enhance the efficiency of N utilization and promote the growth of Pinus massoniana under conditions of increased N deposition.
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Wang Y, Xuan YM, Wang SM, Fan DM, Wang XC, Zheng XQ. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the ammonium transporter gene family in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13646. [PMID: 35129836 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a preferred nitrogen form, ammonium (NH4 + ) transport via specific transporters is particularly important for the growth and development of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.). However, our understanding of the functions of the AMT family in tea plants is limited. We identified and named 16 putative AMT genes according to phylogenetic analysis. All CsAMT genes were divided into three groups, distributed on 12 chromosomes with only one segmental duplication repetition. The CsAMT genes showed different expression levels in different organs, and most of them were expressed mainly in the apical buds and roots. Complementation analysis of yeast mutants showed that CsAMTs restored the uptake of NH4 + . This study provides insights into the genome-wide distribution and spatial expression of AMT genes in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Min Xuan
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Mao Wang
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Fan
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Xia Y, Liu Y, Zhang T, Wang Y, Jiang X, Zhou Y. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of ammonium transporter 1 (AMT1) gene family in cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) and functional analysis of MeAMT1;1 in transgenic Arabidopsis. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:4. [PMID: 34926117 PMCID: PMC8643394 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), a fundamental macronutrient for plant growth and development, is absorbed from the soil primarily in the form of ammonium (NH4 +) and uptaken through a plant's ammonium transporters (AMTs). While AMT proteins have been documented within diverse plant taxa, there has been no systematic analysis of their activity in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), which is highly resistant to nitrogen deficiency. Here, we perform a comprehensive genome-wide analysis to identify and characterize the functional dynamics of cassava ammonium transporters 1 (MeAMT1). We identified a total of six AMT1 genes in the cassava genome (MeAMT1;1 to MeAMT1;6), the phylogenetic analysis of which fell into three distinct subgroups based on the conserved motifs and gene structures. Collinearity analysis showed that segmental duplication events played a key role in expansion of the MeAMT1 gene family. Synteny analysis indicated that two MeAMT1 genes were orthologous to Arabidopsis and rice. MeAMT1 promoters were additionally found to include various cis-acting elements related to light responsiveness, hormones, stress, and development processes. According to the RNA-seq data, the majority of MeAMT1 genes displayed specific patterns in the tested tissues. qRT-PCR revealed that all the tested MeAMT1 genes were up-regulated by low ammonium exposure. Furthermore, Arabidopis transformed with MeAMT1;1 gene grew well than wild-type plants in response to ammonium deficiency, suggesting that MeAMT1s play important role in response to low ammonium. Overall, our work lays the groundwork for new understanding of the AMT1 gene family in cassava and provides a basis for breeding efficient nitrogen use in other plants. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03070-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youquan Xia
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
- Medical College, Hexi University, Zhangye, 734000 China
| | - Yindi Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
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Chen H, Huang X, Shi W, Kronzucker HJ, Hou L, Yang H, Song Q, Liu J, Shi J, Yang Q, Zou N. Coordination of nitrogen uptake and assimilation favours the growth and competitiveness of moso bamboo over native tree species in high-NH 4+ environments. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153508. [PMID: 34536905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity and competitive strength are major mechanisms determining the success of invasive species and are influenced by abiotic factors. A rise in the ratio of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-) in soils is frequently associated with the invasion of bamboo into broad-leaved evergreen forests. However, the influence of soil nitrogen (N) chemistry on plant growth and interspecific competition in the context of invasion remains insufficiently studied. In the present work, differences in plasticity and interspecific competition between native tree species in broad-leaved evergreen forests and invasive bamboo in response to different N forms were investigated using seedlings grown in a controlled environment. We show that moso bamboo responded positively and strongly to increased soil NH4+/NO3- ratios, while the native tree species Sapium sebiferum, Camellia oleifera, and Machilus pauhoi responded negatively and exhibited limited plasticity. Native tree species growth was significantly inhibited in the presence of moso bamboo under high-NH4+ conditions, whereas native tree species were less affected by interspecific competition when NO3- was supplied as the sole N source. By contrast, moso bamboo growth was significantly inhibited, followed by seedling death, in both monoculture and in mixed culture with prolonged NO3- treatment. All species tested exhibited significantly higher rates of 15NH4+ than 15NO3- uptake, but the Michaelis constant (Km) for 15NH4+ uptake was lower in moso bamboo, indicating higher substrate affinity. Nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) activities showed no inducible effects in moso bamboo compared to the induction response seen in the native tree species in response to NO3-. Activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) significantly increased with NH4+ provision in roots of moso bamboo, contrasted by a less plastic response in the native tree species. Enhanced ammonification and reduced nitrification in soils is typically observed during bamboo invasion and appears to create a positive soil-plant feedback loop that, due to highly flexible and opportunistic NH4+-acquisition pathways, favours bamboo fitness and invasion into native forests when NH4+ is the dominant N form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Chen
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Lihan Hou
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Qingni Song
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Jianmin Shi
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Qingpei Yang
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Na Zou
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China.
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Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska‐Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon‐Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde‐Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:973-1122. [PMID: 34608637 PMCID: PMC8518129 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T. Freschet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSHCentre PACA, site AgroparcINRAE84914Avignon cedex 9France
| | - Colleen M. Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Louise H. Comas
- USDA‐ARS Water Management Research Unit2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320Fort CollinsCO80526USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna1190Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional EcologyInstitute of Botany CASDukelska 13537901TrebonCzech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesParkowa 562‐035KórnikPoland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG‐2)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHD‐52425JülichGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | | | - Thomas S. Adams
- Department of Plant SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska‐Zadworna
- Department of General BotanyInstitute of Experimental BiologyFaculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 661-614PoznańPoland
| | - A. Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, Dundee,DD2 5DAUK
- School of Science and EngineeringUniversity of DundeeDundee,DD1 4HNUK
| | | | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and BiogeochemistrySwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological ScienceFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1085Amsterdam1081 HVthe Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest DynamicsSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN55108USA
| | - Ina C. Meier
- Functional Forest EcologyUniversity of HamburgHaidkrugsweg 122885BarsbütelGermany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 476700 AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University935 Ramsey Lake RoadSudburyONP3E 2C6Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology DepartmentInstitute of Environmental SciencesCMLLeiden UniversityLeiden2300 RAthe Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAEAMAPCIRAD, IRDCNRSUniversity of MontpellierMontpellier34000France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Oscar J. Valverde‐Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical BotanyDepartment of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL33199USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional BiodiversityInstitute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 21-23Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia140 E. Green StreetAthensGA30602USA
| | - Larry M. York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Sarah A. Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for ClimateUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem StudiesMillbrookNY12545USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of BotanyInstitute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Goiás1974690-900Goiânia, GoiásBrazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley (Perth)WA 6009Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawley (Perth)WAAustralia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - M. Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree ScienceMorton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53LisleIL60532USA
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9
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Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon-Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021. [PMID: 34608637 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572.hal-03379708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T Freschet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSH, Centre PACA, site Agroparc, INRAE, 84914, Avignon cedex 9, France
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Louise H Comas
- USDA-ARS Water Management Research Unit, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelska 135, 37901, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Johannes A Postma
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas S Adams
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee,, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee,, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Elison B Blancaflor
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Functional Forest Ecology, University of Hamburg, Haidkrugsweg 1, 22885, Barsbütel, Germany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAE, AMAP, CIRAD, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Larry M York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sarah A Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, 19, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, Australia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree Science, Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
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10
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Chen M, Chen G, Di D, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W. Higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in hybrid "super rice" links to improved morphological and physiological traits in seedling roots. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 251:153191. [PMID: 32585498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Great progress has been achieved in developing hybrid "super rice" varieties in China. Understanding morphological root traits in super rice and the mechanisms of nitrogen acquisition by the root system are of fundamental importance to developing proper fertilisation and nutrient management practices in their production. The present study was designed to study morphological and physiological traits in hybrid super rice roots that are associated with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Two hybrid super rice varieties (Yongyou12, YY; Jiayou 6, JY) and one common variety (Xiushui 134, XS) with differing NUE were cultivated hydroponically, and morphological and physiological traits of seedling roots in response to varying nitrogen conditions were investigated. Our results show that the hybrid cultivars YY and JY exhibit larger root systems, arising from a maximisation of root tips and from longer roots without changes in root diameter. The cross-sectional proportion of aerenchyma was significantly higher in super rice roots. The larger root system of super hybrid rice contributed to higher N accumulation and resulted in higher N uptake efficiency. 15N (15NH4+) labeling results show that YY and JY had an enhanced capacity for ammonium (NH4+) uptake. Moreover, YY and JY were more tolerant to high NH4+ and showed reduced futile NH4+ efflux. NH4+ efflux in the root elongation zone, measured by Non-invasive Micro-test Technology, was significantly lower than in XS. Taken together, our results suggest that a longer root, a larger number of tips, a better developed aerenchyma, a higher capacity for N uptake, and reduced NH4+ efflux from roots are associated with higher NUE and growth performance in hybrid super rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Gui Chen
- Development of Agricultural Ecological Environment, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiaxing 314016, China.
| | - Dongwei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada.
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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11
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Hao DL, Zhou JY, Yang SY, Qi W, Yang KJ, Su YH. Function and Regulation of Ammonium Transporters in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3557. [PMID: 32443561 PMCID: PMC7279009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium transporter (AMT)-mediated acquisition of ammonium nitrogen from soils is essential for the nitrogen demand of plants, especially for those plants growing in flooded or acidic soils where ammonium is dominant. Recent advances show that AMTs additionally participate in many other physiological processes such as transporting ammonium from symbiotic fungi to plants, transporting ammonium from roots to shoots, transferring ammonium in leaves and reproductive organs, or facilitating resistance to plant diseases via ammonium transport. Besides being a transporter, several AMTs are required for the root development upon ammonium exposure. To avoid the adverse effects of inadequate or excessive intake of ammonium nitrogen on plant growth and development, activities of AMTs are fine-tuned not only at the transcriptional level by the participation of at least four transcription factors, but also at protein level by phosphorylation, pH, endocytosis, and heterotrimerization. Despite these progresses, it is worth noting that stronger growth inhibition, not facilitation, unfortunately occurs when AMT overexpression lines are exposed to optimal or slightly excessive ammonium. This implies that a long road remains towards overcoming potential limiting factors and achieving AMT-facilitated yield increase to accomplish the goal of persistent yield increase under the present high nitrogen input mode in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Li Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (D.-L.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Jin-Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (D.-L.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Shun-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (D.-L.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Wei Qi
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Ke-Jun Yang
- Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Zhucheng 262200, China;
| | - Yan-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (D.-L.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.Y.)
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12
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Ortigosa F, Valderrama-Martín JM, Urbano-Gámez JA, García-Martín ML, Ávila C, Cánovas FM, Cañas RA. Inorganic Nitrogen Form Determines Nutrient Allocation and Metabolic Responses in Maritime Pine Seedlings. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040481. [PMID: 32283755 PMCID: PMC7238028 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate and ammonium are the main forms of inorganic nitrogen available to plants. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic changes caused by ammonium and nitrate nutrition in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Seedlings were grown with five solutions containing different proportions of nitrate and ammonium. Their nitrogen status was characterized through analyses of their biomass, different biochemical and molecular markers as well as a metabolite profile using 1H-NMR. Ammonium-fed seedlings exhibited higher biomass than nitrate-fed-seedlings. Nitrate mainly accumulated in the stem and ammonium in the roots. Needles of ammonium-fed seedlings had higher nitrogen and amino acid contents but lower levels of enzyme activities related to nitrogen metabolism. Higher amounts of soluble sugars and L-arginine were found in the roots of ammonium-fed seedlings. In contrast, L-asparagine accumulated in the roots of nitrate-fed seedlings. The differences in the allocation of nitrate and ammonium may function as metabolic buffers to prevent interference with the metabolism of photosynthetic organs. The metabolite profiles observed in the roots suggest problems with carbon and nitrogen assimilation in nitrate-supplied seedlings. Taken together, this new knowledge contributes not only to a better understanding of nitrogen metabolism but also to improving aspects of applied mineral nutrition for conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ortigosa
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.O.); (J.M.V.-M.); (J.A.U.-G.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
| | - José Miguel Valderrama-Martín
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.O.); (J.M.V.-M.); (J.A.U.-G.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
| | - José Alberto Urbano-Gámez
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.O.); (J.M.V.-M.); (J.A.U.-G.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
| | - María Luisa García-Martín
- BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Concepción Ávila
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.O.); (J.M.V.-M.); (J.A.U.-G.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Francisco M. Cánovas
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.O.); (J.M.V.-M.); (J.A.U.-G.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Rafael A. Cañas
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.O.); (J.M.V.-M.); (J.A.U.-G.); (C.Á.); (F.M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952-13-4272
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13
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Guterres J, Rossato L, Doley D, Pudmenzky A. A new conceptual framework for plant responses to soil metals based on metal transporter kinetic parameters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:449-467. [PMID: 30384255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on a review of the literature, we have developed a functional conceptual framework of plant metal uptake in relation to plant available metal concentration in the soil. This framework applies to all plant parts and plant available metal levels in soils, and was validated using independent datasets from field surveys and the literature. This is the first framework based on metal transporter kinetic parameters and combining Michaelis-Menten (hyperbolic) kinetics facilitated by the High Affinity Transport System (HATS) for soil concentrations below the transition concentration between transport systems, and linear metal uptake facilitated by the Low Affinity Transport System (LATS) for higher soil available metal concentrations. We propose a new terminology for metal tolerant plants, i.e. metal tolerators, based on this framework. Depending on the plant available metal levels in the soil, tolerator responses to metals can be described best by either Vmax and Km for soil concentrations below the transition concentration between metal transport systems (HATS), or by the slope for greater soil concentrations (LATS). This conceptual framework may be a useful tool for selecting suitable metal tolerators for specific phytoremediation purposes, and may be also applied to non-metal elements or ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guterres
- The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - L Rossato
- The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - D Doley
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - A Pudmenzky
- The University of Queensland, School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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14
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Bu Y, Takano T, Liu S. The role of ammonium transporter (AMT) against salt stress in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1625696. [PMID: 31169446 PMCID: PMC6619917 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1625696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Since NH4+ is one of the most important limiting nitrogen sources for plant growth, ammonium uptake and transport system has particular attention. In plant cells, ammonium transporters (AMTs) are responsible for ammonium uptake and transport. In previous studies, we identified a PutAMT1;1 gene from Puccinellia tenuiflora, which is a monocotyledonous halophyte species that thrives in alkaline soil. The overexpression of PutAMT1;1 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced plant growth and increased plant susceptibility to toxic methylammonium (MeA). This transporter might be useful for improving the root to shoot mobilization of MeA (or NH4+). Interestingly, in our other studies, it can be assumed that urease acts on urea to produce NH4+, which may exacerbate salt stress. Overexpression of PutAMT1;1 promoted early root growth after seed germination in transgenic Arabidopsis under salt stress condition. These findings suggest that ammonium transport alleviates ammonia toxicity caused by salt stress. Subcellular localization revealed that PutAMT1;1 is mainly localized in the plasma membrane and the nuclear periphery and endomembrane system of yeast and plant cells. Here, we discuss these recent findings and speculate on the regular dynamic localization of PutAMT1;1 throughout the cell cycle, which may be related to intracellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tetsuo Takano
- Department of Agriculture, Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shenkui Liu
- Department of Silviculture, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- CONTACT Shenkui Liu Department of Silviculture, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of ammonium transporters in tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) under different nitrogen treatments. Gene 2018. [PMID: 29535022 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium is a major inorganic nitrogen source for tea plant growth and is mainly taken up and transported by ammonium transporters (AMTs). Here, we analyzed the NH4+ uptake kinetics of three tea cultivars, Longjing43 (LJ43), Zhongcha108 (ZC108) and Zhongcha302 (ZC302). The results revealed that ZC302 had a higher NH4+ uptake efficiency than the other two cultivars. The full CDS sequences of three Camellia sinensis ammonium transporter (CsAMT) genes, i.e., CsAMT1.1, CsAMT1.2 and CsAMT3.1, were cloned. Analysis of tissue-specific expression showed that CsAMT1.2 followed a root-specific expression pattern, while transcripts of CsAMT1.1 and CsAMT3.1 were mainly accumulated in leaves. The temporal course experiment on gene expression levels showed CsAMT1.1 and CsAMT3.1 followed a reciprocal expression pattern in leaves as CsAMT1.1 was up-regulated by a short time (2 h, 6 h) nitrogen (N) supply both in the leaves and buds of LJ43 and ZC108; and the expression of CsAMT3.1 in leaves was increased by a long time (72 h) N supply, particularly in ZC302. Therefore, we inferred that CsAMT1.1 and CsAMT3.1 might play important roles in photorespiratory ammonium metabolism. The expression of CsAMT1.2 was extremely high in roots and can be greatly induced by N over a short period of time, especially in ZC302; thus, we concluded CsAMT1.2 might play an important role in ammonium uptake from soils in tea plant roots.
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Ibrahim A, Jin XL, Zhang YB, Cruz J, Vichyavichien P, Esiobu N, Zhang XH. Tobacco plants expressing the maize nitrate transporter ZmNrt2.1 exhibit altered responses of growth and gene expression to nitrate and calcium. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:51. [PMID: 29143202 PMCID: PMC5688054 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrate uptake is a highly regulated process. Understanding the intricate interactions between nitrate availability and genetically-controlled nitrate acquisition and metabolism is essential for improving nitrogen use efficiency and increasing nitrate uptake capacity for plants grown in both nitrate-poor and nitrate-enriched environments. In this report, we introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) the constitutively expressed maize high-affinity transporter ZmNrt2.1 gene that would bypass the tight control for the endogenous nitrate-responsive genes. By using calcium inhibitors and varying levels of NO3-, Ca2+ and K+, we probed how the host plants were affected in their nitrate response. RESULTS We found that the ZmNrt2.1-expressing plants had better root growth than the wild type plants when Ca2+ was deficient regardless of the nitrate levels. The growth restriction associated with Ca2+-deficiency can be alleviated with a high level of K+. Furthermore, the transgenic plants exhibited altered expression patterns of several endogenous, nitrate-responsive genes, including the high- and low-affinity nitrate transporters, the Bric-a-Brac/Tramtrack/Broad protein BT2 and the transcription factor TGA-binding protein TGA1, in responding to treatments of NO3-, K+ or inhibitors for the calcium channel and the cytosolic Ca2+-regulating phospholipase C, as compared to the wild type plants under the same treatments. Their expression was not only responsive to nitrate, but also affected by Ca2+. There were also different patterns of gene expression between roots and shoots. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the ectopic effect of the maize nitrate transporter on the host plant's overall gene expression of nitrate sensing system, and further highlight the involvement of calcium in nitrate sensing in tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
- Department of Soil Sciences, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Xiao-Lu Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | - Yu-Bin Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
- Monitoring Center for Marine Resources and Environments, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088 China
| | - Jessica Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | - Paveena Vichyavichien
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | - Nwadiuto Esiobu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | - Xing-Hai Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
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17
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Carlsson J, Svennerstam H, Moritz T, Egertsdotter U, Ganeteg U. Nitrogen uptake and assimilation in proliferating embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce-Investigating the specific role of glutamine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181785. [PMID: 28837647 PMCID: PMC5570297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is an in vitro system employed for plant propagation and the study of embryo development. Nitrogen is essential for plant growth and development and, hence, the production of healthy embryos during somatic embryogenesis. Glutamine has been shown to increase plant biomass in many in vitro applications, including somatic embryogenesis. However, several aspects of nitrogen nutrition during somatic embryogenesis remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the uptake and assimilation of nitrogen in Norway spruce pro-embryogenic masses to elucidate some of these aspects. In our study, addition of glutamine had a more positive effect on growth than inorganic nitrogen. The nitrogen uptake appeared to be regulated, with a strong preference for glutamine; 67% of the assimilated nitrogen in the free amino acid pool originated from glutamine-nitrogen. Glutamine addition also relieved the apparently limited metabolism (as evidenced by the low concentration of free amino acids) of pro-embryogenic masses grown on inorganic nitrogen only. The unusually high alanine concentration in the presence of glutamine, suggests that alanine biosynthesis was involved in alleviating these constraints. These findings inspire further studies of nitrogen nutrition during the somatic embryogenesis process; identifying the mechanism(s) that govern glutamine enhancement of pro-embryogenic masses growth is especially important in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Carlsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Svenska Skogsplantor AB, Seed Production, Lagan, Sweden
| | - Henrik Svennerstam
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Egertsdotter
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Ulrika Ganeteg
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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18
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Castro-Rodríguez V, Cañas RA, de la Torre FN, Pascual MB, Avila C, Cánovas FM. Molecular fundamentals of nitrogen uptake and transport in trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2489-2500. [PMID: 28369488 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is frequently a limiting factor for tree growth and development. Because N availability is extremely low in forest soils, trees have evolved mechanisms to acquire and transport this essential nutrient along with biotic interactions to guarantee its strict economy. Here we review recent advances in the molecular basis of tree N nutrition. The molecular characteristics, regulation, and biological significance of membrane proteins involved in the uptake and transport of N are addressed. The regulation of N uptake and transport in mycorrhized roots and transcriptome-wide studies of N nutrition are also outlined. Finally, several areas of future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castro-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael A Cañas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando N de la Torre
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ma Belén Pascual
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Avila
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco M Cánovas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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19
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Baskaran P, Hyvönen R, Berglund SL, Clemmensen KE, Ågren GI, Lindahl BD, Manzoni S. Modelling the influence of ectomycorrhizal decomposition on plant nutrition and soil carbon sequestration in boreal forest ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1452-1465. [PMID: 27748949 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tree growth in boreal forests is limited by nitrogen (N) availability. Most boreal forest trees form symbiotic associations with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which improve the uptake of inorganic N and also have the capacity to decompose soil organic matter (SOM) and to mobilize organic N ('ECM decomposition'). To study the effects of 'ECM decomposition' on ecosystem carbon (C) and N balances, we performed a sensitivity analysis on a model of C and N flows between plants, SOM, saprotrophs, ECM fungi, and inorganic N stores. The analysis indicates that C and N balances were sensitive to model parameters regulating ECM biomass and decomposition. Under low N availability, the optimal C allocation to ECM fungi, above which the symbiosis switches from mutualism to parasitism, increases with increasing relative involvement of ECM fungi in SOM decomposition. Under low N conditions, increased ECM organic N mining promotes tree growth but decreases soil C storage, leading to a negative correlation between C stores above- and below-ground. The interplay between plant production and soil C storage is sensitive to the partitioning of decomposition between ECM fungi and saprotrophs. Better understanding of interactions between functional guilds of soil fungi may significantly improve predictions of ecosystem responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetisri Baskaran
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Riitta Hyvönen
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - S Linnea Berglund
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Karina E Clemmensen
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Göran I Ågren
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Björn D Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
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20
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Li C, Tang Z, Wei J, Qu H, Xie Y, Xu G. The OsAMT1.1 gene functions in ammonium uptake and ammonium-potassium homeostasis over low and high ammonium concentration ranges. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:639-649. [PMID: 27889499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) grown in paddy fields is an ammonium (NH4+)-preferring crop; however, its AMT-type NH4+ transporters that mediate root N acquisition have not been well characterized yet. In this study, we analyzed the expression pattern and physiological function of the OsAMT1.1 gene of the AMT1 subfamily in rice. OsAMT1.1 is located in the plasma membrane and is mainly expressed in the root epidermis, stele and mesophyll cells. Disruption of the OsAMT1.1 gene decreased the uptake of NH4+, and the growth of roots and shoots under both low NH4+ and high NH4+ conditions. OsAMT1.1 contributed to the short-term (5 min) 15NH4+ influx rate by approximately one-quarter, irrespective of the NH4+ concentration. Knockout of OsAMT1.1 significantly decreased the total N transport from roots to shoots under low NH4+ conditions. Moreover, compared with the wild type, the osamt1.1 mutant showed an increase in the potassium (K) absorption rate under high NH4+ conditions and a decrease under low NH4+ conditions. The mutants contained a significantly high concentration of K in both the roots and shoots at a limited K (0.1 mmol/L) supply when NH4+ was replete. Taken together, the results indicated that OsAMT1.1 significantly contributes to the NH4+ uptake under both low and high NH4+ conditions and plays an important role in N-K homeostasis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongye Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanjie Xie
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Castro-Rodríguez V, Assaf-Casals I, Pérez-Tienda J, Fan X, Avila C, Miller A, Cánovas FM. Deciphering the molecular basis of ammonium uptake and transport in maritime pine. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1669-1682. [PMID: 26662862 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium is the predominant form of inorganic nitrogen in the soil of coniferous forests. Despite the ecological and economic importance of conifers, the molecular basis of ammonium uptake and transport in this group of gymnosperms is largely unknown. In this study, we describe the functional characterization of members of the AMT gene family in Pinus pinaster: PpAMT1.1, PpAMT1.2 and PpAMT1.3 (subfamily 1) and PpAMT2.1 and PpAMT2.3 (subfamily 2). Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that in conifers, all members of the AMT1 subfamily evolved from a common ancestor that is evolutionarily related to the ancient PpAMT1.2 gene. Individual AMT genes are developmentally and nutritionally regulated, and their transcripts are specifically distributed in different organs. PpAMT1.3 was predominantly expressed in the roots, particularly during N starvation and mycorrhizal interaction, whereas PpAMT2.3 was preferentially expressed in lateral roots. Immunolocalization studies of roots with varied nitrogen availability revealed that PpAMT1 and PpAMT2 proteins play complementary roles in the uptake of external ammonium. Heterologous expression in yeast and Xenopus oocytes revealed that the AMT genes encode functional transporters with different kinetics and with different capacities for ammonium transport. Our results provide new insights on how nitrogen is acquired and transported in conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castro-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Iman Assaf-Casals
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jacob Pérez-Tienda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Concepción Avila
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Anthony Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Francisco M Cánovas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
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Garnett T, Plett D, Conn V, Conn S, Rabie H, Rafalski JA, Dhugga K, Tester MA, Kaiser BN. Variation for N Uptake System in Maize: Genotypic Response to N Supply. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:936. [PMID: 26617612 PMCID: PMC4637428 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the adaptations made by plants in their nitrogen (N) uptake systems in response to reduced N supply is important to the development of cereals with enhanced N uptake efficiency (NUpE). Twenty seven diverse genotypes of maize (Zea mays, L.) were grown in hydroponics for 3 weeks with limiting or adequate N supply. Genotypic response to N was assessed on the basis of biomass characteristics and the activities of the nitrate ([Formula: see text]) and ammonium ([Formula: see text]) high-affinity transport systems. Genotypes differed greatly for the ability to maintain biomass with reduced N. Although, the N response in underlying biomass and N transport related characteristics was less than that for biomass, there were clear relationships, most importantly, lines that maintained biomass at reduced N maintained net N uptake with no change in size of the root relative to the shoot. The root uptake capacity for both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] increased with reduced N. Transcript levels of putative [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] transporter genes in the root tissue of a subset of the genotypes revealed that predominately ZmNRT2 transcript levels responded to N treatments. The correlation between the ratio of transcripts of ZmNRT2.2 between the two N levels and a genotype's ability to maintain biomass with reduced N suggests a role for these transporters in enhancing NUpE. The observed variation in the ability to capture N at low N provides scope for both improving NUpE in maize and also to better understand the N uptake system in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Garnett
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Darren Plett
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Vanessa Conn
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Simon Conn
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Huwaida Rabie
- Mathematics Department, Bethlehem UniversityBethlehem, Palestine
| | | | | | - Mark A. Tester
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brent N. Kaiser
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
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23
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Rogato A, Amato A, Iudicone D, Chiurazzi M, Ferrante MI, d'Alcalà MR. The diatom molecular toolkit to handle nitrogen uptake. Mar Genomics 2015; 24 Pt 1:95-108. [PMID: 26055207 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient concentrations in the oceans display significant temporal and spatial variability, which strongly affects growth, distribution and survival of phytoplankton. Nitrogen (N) in particular is often considered a limiting resource for prominent marine microalgae, such as diatoms. Diatoms possess a suite of N-related transporters and enzymes and utilize a variety of inorganic (e.g., nitrate, NO3(-); ammonium, NH4(+)) and organic (e.g., urea; amino acids) N sources for growth. However, the molecular mechanisms allowing diatoms to cope efficiently with N oscillations by controlling uptake capacities and signaling pathways involved in the perception of external and internal clues remain largely unknown. Data reported in the literature suggest that the regulation and the characteristic of the genes, and their products, involved in N metabolism are often diatom-specific, which correlates with the peculiar physiology of these organisms for what N utilization concerns. Our study reveals that diatoms host a larger suite of N transporters than one would expected for a unicellular organism, which may warrant flexible responses to variable conditions, possibly also correlated to the phases of life cycle of the cells. All this makes N transporters a crucial key to reveal the balance between proximate and ultimate factors in diatom life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alberto Amato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Iudicone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Ferrante
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalà
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
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Matsuwaki I, Harayama S, Kato M. Assessment of the biological invasion risks associated with a massive outdoor cultivation of the green alga, Pseudochoricystis ellipsoidea. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Quintã R, Santos R, Thomas DN, Le Vay L. Growth and nitrogen uptake by Salicornia europaea and Aster tripolium in nutrient conditions typical of aquaculture wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:414-421. [PMID: 25216470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing need for environmentally sound aquaculture development can, in part, be addressed by using halophytic plants in integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems (IMTA) to remove waste dissolved nitrogen (N). However, knowledge of plant ability to take up nitrogen is of foremost importance to predict plants performance in such systems. Two species, Salicornia europaea and Aster tripolium, have been identified as potential candidates for IMTA due to their salt tolerance, potential N removal capabilities and their high commercial value as an additional crop. This study investigated the growth and N uptake rates of these two species under different N supply (NH4(+), NO3(-), NH4NO3). S. europaea plants produced a lower biomass when grown in NH4(+) compared to NO3(-) or NH4NO3, while A. tripolium biomass was not affected by the form in which N was supplied. N uptake in plants incubated at different concentrations of (15)N enriched solution (up to 2 mmol l(-1)) fitted the Michaelis-Menten model. While S. europaea NH4-N maximum uptake did not differ between starved and non-starved plants, A. tripolium NH4-N uptake was higher in starved plants when supplied alone. When NO3(-) was supplied alone, NO3-N maximum uptake was lower, for both species, when the plants were not starved. Comparison of starved and non-starved plants N uptake demonstrates the need for cautious interpretation of N uptake rates across different conditions. According to the observed results, both S. europaea and A. tripolium are capable of significantly high biomass production and N removal making them potential species for inclusion in efficient IMTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Quintã
- Centre for Applied Marine Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK; School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK.
| | - R Santos
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group, CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - D N Thomas
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK; Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Le Vay
- Centre for Applied Marine Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK; School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
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Xu X, Li Q, Wang J, Zhang L, Tian S, Zhi L, Li Q, Sun Y. Inorganic and organic nitrogen acquisition by a fern Dicranopteris dichotoma in a subtropical forest in South China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90075. [PMID: 24829044 PMCID: PMC4020760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fern Dicranopteris dichotoma is an important pioneer species of the understory in Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) forests growing on acidic soils in the subtropical and tropical China. To improve our understanding of the role of D. dichotoma in nitrogen (N) uptake of these forests, a short-term (15)N experiment was conducted at mountain ridge (MR, with low N level) and mountain foot (MF, with high N level). We injected (15)N tracers as (15)NH4, (15)NO3 or (15)N-glycine into the soil surrounding each plant at both MR and MF sites. Three hours after tracer injection, the fern D. dichotoma took up 15NH4+ significantly faster at MF than at MR, but it showed significantly slower uptake of (15)NO3- at MF than at MR. Consequently, (15)NO3- made greater contribution to the total N uptake (50% to the total N uptake) at MR than at MF, but (15)N-glycine only contributed around 11% at both sites. Twenty-four hours after tracer injection, D. dichotoma preferred (15)NH4+ (63%) at MR, whereas it preferred (15)NO3- (47%) at MF. We concluded that the D. dichotoma responds distinctly in its uptake pattern for three available N species over temporal and spatial scales, but mainly relies on inorganic N species in the subtropical forest. This suggests that the fern employs different strategies to acquire available N which depends on N levels and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingkang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengni Tian
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lin Zhi
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Xikou Junior Middle School, Xikou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Gruffman L, Jämtgård S, Näsholm T. Plant nitrogen status and co-occurrence of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources influence root uptake by Scots pine seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:205-13. [PMID: 24488801 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Insights into how the simultaneous presence of organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) forms influences root absorption will help elucidate the relative importance of these N forms for plant nutrition in the field as well as for nursery cultivation of seedlings. Uptake of the individual N forms arginine, ammonium (NH4(+)) and nitrate (NO3(-)) was studied in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) seedlings supplied as single N sources and additionally in mixtures of NO3(-) and NH4(+) or NO3(-) and arginine. Scots pine seedlings displayed a strong preference for NH4(+)-N and arginine-N as compared with NO3(-)-N. Thus, NO3(-) uptake was generally low and decreased in the presence of NH4(+) in the high-concentration range (500 µM N), but not in the presence of arginine. Moreover, uptake of NO3(-) and NH4(+) was lower in seedlings displaying a high internal N status as a result of high N pre-treatment, while arginine uptake was high in seedlings with a high internal N status when previously exposed to organic N. These findings may have practical implications for commercial cultivation of conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Gruffman
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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28
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Coskun D, Britto DT, Li M, Becker A, Kronzucker HJ. Rapid ammonia gas transport accounts for futile transmembrane cycling under NH3/NH4+ toxicity in plant roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:1859-67. [PMID: 24134887 PMCID: PMC3850193 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.225961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Futile transmembrane NH3/NH4(+) cycling in plant root cells, characterized by extremely rapid fluxes and high efflux to influx ratios, has been successfully linked to NH3/NH4(+) toxicity. Surprisingly, the fundamental question of which species of the conjugate pair (NH3 or NH4(+)) participates in such fluxes is unresolved. Using flux analyses with the short-lived radioisotope (13)N and electrophysiological, respiratory, and histochemical measurements, we show that futile cycling in roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings is predominately of the gaseous NH3 species, rather than the NH4(+) ion. Influx of (13)NH3/(13)NH4(+), which exceeded 200 µmol g(-1) h(-1), was not commensurate with membrane depolarization or increases in root respiration, suggesting electroneutral NH3 transport. Influx followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics for NH3 (but not NH4(+)), as a function of external concentration (Km = 152 µm, Vmax = 205 µmol g(-1) h(-1)). Efflux of (13)NH3/(13)NH4(+) responded with a nearly identical Km. Pharmacological characterization of influx and efflux suggests mediation by aquaporins. Our study fundamentally revises the futile-cycling model by demonstrating that NH3 is the major permeating species across both plasmalemma and tonoplast of root cells under toxicity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Coskun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Dev T. Britto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Alexander Becker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Herbert J. Kronzucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
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29
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Gu R, Duan F, An X, Zhang F, von Wirén N, Yuan L. Characterization of AMT-Mediated High-Affinity Ammonium Uptake in Roots of Maize (Zea mays L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:1515-24. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Camañes G, Bellmunt E, García-Andrade J, García-Agustín P, Cerezo M. Reciprocal regulation between AtNRT2.1 and AtAMT1.1 expression and the kinetics of NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) influxes. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:268-274. [PMID: 22137605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Our results show that AtNRT2.1 expression has a positive effect on the NH(4)(+) ion influx, mediated by the HATS, as also occurs with AtAMT1.1 expression on the NO(3)(-) ion influx. AtNRT2.1 expression plays a key role in the regulation of AtAMT1.1 expression and in the NH(4)(+) ion influx, differentiating the nitrogen source, and particularly, the lack of it. Nitrogen starvation produces a compensatory effect by AtAMT1.1 when there is an absence of the AtNRT2.1 gene. Our results also show that, in the atnrt2 mutant lacking both AtNRT2.1 and AtNRT2.2, gene functions present different kinetic parameters on the NH(4)(+) ion influx mediated by the HATS, according to the source and availability of nitrogen. Finally, the absence of AMT1.1 also produces changes in the kinetic parameters of the NO(3)(-) influx, showing different V(max) values depending on the source of nitrogen available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Camañes
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Escuela Superior de Tecnología y Ciencias Experimentales, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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31
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Canales J, Avila C, Cánovas FM. A maritime pine antimicrobial peptide involved in ammonium nutrition. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:1443-1453. [PMID: 21535015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A large family of small cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is involved in the innate defence of plants against pathogens. Recently, it has been shown that AMPs may also play important roles in plant growth and development. In previous work, we have identified a gene of the AMP β-barrelin family that was differentially regulated in the roots of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in response to changes in ammonium nutrition. Here, we present the molecular characterization of two AMP genes, PpAMP1 and PpAMP2, showing different molecular structure and physicochemical properties. PpAMP1 and PpAMP2 displayed different expression patterns in maritime pine seedlings and adult trees. Furthermore, our expression analyses indicate that PpAMP1 is the major form of AMP in the tree, and its relative abundance is regulated by ammonium availability. In contrast, PpAMP2 is expressed at much lower levels and it is not regulated by ammonium. To gain new insights into the function of PpAMP1, we over-expressed the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and demonstrated that PpAMP1 strongly inhibited yeast growth, indicating that it exhibits antimicrobial activity. We have also found that PpAMP1 alters ammonium uptake, suggesting that it is involved in the regulation of ammonium ion flux into pine roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Canales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071-Málaga, Spain
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32
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Ding Z, Wang C, Chen S, Yu S. Diversity and selective sweep in the OsAMT1;1 genomic region of rice. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:61. [PMID: 21385389 PMCID: PMC3062601 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ammonium is one of the major forms in which nitrogen is available for plant growth. OsAMT1;1 is a high-affinity ammonium transporter in rice (Oryza sativa L.), responsible for ammonium uptake at low nitrogen concentration. The expression pattern of the gene has been reported. However, variations in its nucleotides and the evolutionary pathway of its descent from wild progenitors are yet to be elucidated. In this study, nucleotide diversity of the gene OsAMT1;1 and the diversity pattern of seven gene fragments spanning a genomic region approximately 150 kb long surrounding the gene were surveyed by sequencing a panel of 216 rice accessions including both cultivated rice and wild relatives. RESULTS Nucleotide polymorphism (Pi) of OsAMT1;1 was as low as 0.00004 in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa), only 2.3% of that in the common wild rice (O. rufipogon). A single dominant haplotype was fixed at the locus in O. sativa. The test values for neutrality were significantly negative in the entire region stretching 5' upstream and 3' downstream of the gene in all accessions. The value of linkage disequilibrium remained high across a 100 kb genomic region around OsAMT1;1 in O. sativa, but fell rapidly in O. rufipogon on either side of the promoter of OsAMT1;1, demonstrating a strong natural selection within or nearby the ammonium transporter. CONCLUSIONS The severe reduction in nucleotide variation at OsAMT1;1 in rice was caused by a selective sweep around OsAMT1;1, which may reflect the nitrogen uptake system under strong selection by the paddy soil during the domestication of rice. Purifying selection also occurred before the wild rice diverged into its two subspecies, namely indica and japonica. These findings would provide useful insights into the processes of evolution and domestication of nitrogen uptake genes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, and the College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Chongrong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, and the College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Sheng Chen
- School of Plant Biology, and International Centre for Plant Breeding Education and Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sibin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, and the College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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33
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Hawkins BJ, Robbins S. pH affects ammonium, nitrate and proton fluxes in the apical region of conifer and soybean roots. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2010; 138:238-47. [PMID: 19947965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pH on nitrate and ammonium uptake in the high-affinity transport system and low-affinity transport system ranges was compared in two conifers and one crop species. Many conifers grow on acidic soils, thus their preference for ammonium vs nitrate uptake can differ from that of crop plants, and the effect of pH on nitrogen (N) uptake may differ. Proton, ammonium and nitrate net fluxes were measured at seedling root tips and 5, 10, 20 and 30 mm from the tips using a non-invasive microelectrode ion flux measurement system in solutions of 50 or 1500 microM NH(4)NO(3) at pH 4 and 7. In Glycine max and Pinus contorta, efflux of protons was observed at pH 7 while pH 4 resulted in net proton uptake in some root regions. Pseudotsuga menziesii roots consistently showed proton efflux behind the root tip, and thus appear better adapted to maintain proton efflux in acid soils. P. menziesii's ability to maintain ammonium uptake at low pH may relate to its ability to maintain proton efflux. In all three species, net nitrate uptake was greatest at neutral pH. Net ammonium uptake in G. max and net nitrate uptake in P. menziesii were greatly reduced at pH 4, particularly at high N concentration, thus N concentration should be considered when determining optimum pH for N uptake. In P. menziesii and G. max, net N uptake was greater in 1500 than 50 microM NH(4)NO(3) solution, but flux profiles of all ions varied among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Hawkins
- Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3020 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3N5.
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34
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Rennenberg H, Dannenmann M, Gessler A, Kreuzwieser J, Simon J, Papen H. Nitrogen balance in forest soils: nutritional limitation of plants under climate change stresses. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2009; 11 Suppl 1:4-23. [PMID: 19778364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems with low soil nitrogen (N) availability are characterized by direct competition for this growth-limiting resource between several players, i.e. various components of vegetation, such as old-growth trees, natural regeneration and understorey species, mycorrhizal fungi, free-living fungi and bacteria. With the increase in frequency and intensity of extreme climate events predicted in current climate change scenarios, also competition for N between plants and/or soil microorganisms will be affected. In this review, we summarize the present understanding of ecosystem N cycling in N-limited forests and its interaction with extreme climate events, such as heat, drought and flooding. More specifically, the impacts of environmental stresses on microbial release and consumption of bioavailable N, N uptake and competition between plants, as well as plant and microbial uptake are presented. Furthermore, the consequences of drying-wetting cycles on N cycling are discussed. Additionally, we highlight the current methodological difficulties that limit present understanding of N cycling in forest ecosystems and the need for interdisciplinary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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35
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Cao T, Xie P, Li Z, Ni L, Zhang M, Xu J. Physiological stress of high NH (4) (+) concentration in water column on the submersed macrophyte Vallisneria Natans L. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 82:296-299. [PMID: 18941702 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The submersed macrophyte, Vallisneria natans L., was cultured in laboratory with NH (4) (+) -enriched tap water (1 mg L(-1) NH(4)-N) for 2 months and the stressful effects of high ammonium (NH (4) (+) ) concentrations in the water column on this species was evaluated. The plant growth was severely inhibited by the NH (4) (+) supplement in the water column. The plant carbon and nitrogen metabolisms were disturbed by the NH (4) (+) supplement as indicated by the accumulation of free amino acids and the depletion of soluble carbohydrates in the plant tissues. The results suggested that high NH (4) (+) concentrations in the water column may hamper the restoration of submersed vegetation in eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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36
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Camañes G, Cerezo M, Primo-Millo E, Gojon A, García-Agustín P. Ammonium transport and CitAMT1 expression are regulated by N in Citrus plants. PLANTA 2009; 229:331-42. [PMID: 19023591 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Citrus seedlings (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck x Poncirus trifoliata Blanco) were used to describe the effects of different N treatments on the NH4+ influx mediated by high- and low-affinity transport systems (HATS and LATS, respectively) and CitAMT1 gene expression. Results show that Citrus plants favor NH4+ over NO3- influx mediated by HATS and LATS when both N sources are present in the nutrient solution and Citrus plants display a much higher capacity to take up NH4+ than NO3-. Furthermore, NH4+ exerts a regulatory effect on NH4+ HATS activity and CitAMT1 expression, both are down-regulated by high N status of the plant, but specifically stimulated by NH4+ and the balance between these two opposite effects depends on the prior nutrition regime of the plant. On the other hand, supply of NO3- inhibits CitAMT1 expression but doesn't affect NH4+ HATS activity on the roots. To explain this discrepancy, it is possible that other CitAMT1 transporters, up-regulated by N limitation, but not repressed by NO3- could be involved in the stimulation of NH4+ HATS activity under pure NO3- nutrition or CitAMT1 transporter could be regulated at the post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Camañes
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Area de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Escuela Superior de Tecnología y Ciencias Experimentales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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37
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Massad RS, Loubet B, Tuzet A, Cellier P. Relationship between ammonia stomatal compensation point and nitrogen metabolism in arable crops: current status of knowledge and potential modelling approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 154:390-403. [PMID: 18316144 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ammonia stomatal compensation point of plants is determined by leaf temperature, ammonium concentration ([NH4+]apo) and pH of the apoplastic solution. The later two depend on the adjacent cells metabolism and on leaf inputs and outputs through the xylem and phloem. Until now only empirical models have been designed to model the ammonia stomatal compensation point, except the model of Riedo et al. (2002. Coupling soil-plant-atmosphere exchange of ammonia with ecosystem functioning in grasslands. Ecological Modelling 158, 83-110), which represents the exchanges between the plant's nitrogen pools. The first step to model the ammonia stomatal compensation point is to adequately model [NH4+]apo. This [NH4+]apo has been studied experimentally, but there are currently no process-based quantitative models describing its relation to plant metabolism and environmental conditions. This study summarizes the processes involved in determining the ammonia stomatal compensation point at the leaf scale and qualitatively evaluates the ability of existing whole plant N and C models to include a model for [NH4+]apo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raia Silvia Massad
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Environnement et Grandes Cultures, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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38
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Szczerba MW, Britto DT, Ali SA, Balkos KD, Kronzucker HJ. NH4+-stimulated and -inhibited components of K+ transport in rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2008; 59:3415-23. [PMID: 18653690 PMCID: PMC2529248 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The disruption of K(+) transport and accumulation is symptomatic of NH(4)(+) toxicity in plants. In this study, the influence of K(+) supply (0.02-40 mM) and nitrogen source (10 mM NH(4)(+) or NO(3)(-)) on root plasma membrane K(+) fluxes and cytosolic K(+) pools, plant growth, and whole-plant K(+) distribution in the NH(4)(+)-tolerant plant species rice (Oryza sativa L.) was examined. Using the radiotracer (42)K(+), tissue mineral analysis, and growth data, it is shown that rice is affected by NH(4)(+) toxicity under high-affinity K(+) transport conditions. Substantial recovery of growth was seen as [K(+)](ext) was increased from 0.02 mM to 0.1 mM, and, at 1.5 mM, growth was superior on NH(4)(+). Growth recovery at these concentrations was accompanied by greater influx of K(+) into root cells, translocation of K(+) to the shoot, and tissue K(+). Elevating the K(+) supply also resulted in a significant reduction of NH(4)(+) influx, as measured by (13)N radiotracing. In the low-affinity K(+) transport range, NH(4)(+) stimulated K(+) influx relative to NO(3)(-) controls. It is concluded that rice, despite its well-known tolerance to NH(4)(+), nevertheless displays considerable growth suppression and disruption of K(+) homeostasis under this N regime at low [K(+)](ext), but displays efficient recovery from NH(4)(+) inhibition, and indeed a stimulation of K(+) acquisition, when [K(+)](ext) is increased in the presence of NH(4)(+).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Herbert J. Kronzucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
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39
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Cai C, Wang JY, Zhu YG, Shen QR, Li B, Tong YP, Li ZS. Gene structure and expression of the high-affinity nitrate transport system in rice roots. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 50:443-51. [PMID: 18713378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice has a preference for uptake of ammonium over nitrate and can use ammonium-N efficiently. Consequently, transporters mediating ammonium uptake have been extensively studied, but nitrate transporters have been largely ignored. Recently, some reports have shown that rice also has high capacity to acquire nitrate from growth medium, so understanding the nitrate transport system in rice roots is very important for improving N use efficiency in rice. The present study identified four putative NRT2 and two putative NAR2 genes that encode components of the high-affinity nitrate transport system (HATS) in the rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica cv. Nipponbare) genome. OsNRT2.1 and OsNRT2.2 share an identical coding region sequence, and their deduced proteins are closely related to those from mono-cotyledonous plants. The two NAR2 proteins are closely related to those from mono-cotyledonous plants as well. However, OsNRT2.3 and OsNRT2.4 are more closely related to Arabidopsis NRT2 proteins. Relative quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that all of the six genes were rapidly upregulated and then downregulated in the roots of N-starved rice plants after they were re-supplied with 0.2 mM nitrate, but the response to nitrate differed among gene members. The results from phylogenetic tree, gene structure and expression analysis implied the divergent roles for the individual members of the rice NRT2 and NAR2 families. High-affinity nitrate influx rates associated with nitrate induction in rice roots were investigated and were found to be regulated by external pH. Compared with the nitrate influx rates at pH 6.5, alkaline pH (pH 8.0) inhibited nitrate influx, and acidic pH (pH 5.0) enhanced the nitrate influx in 1 h nitrate induced roots, but did not significantly affect that in 4 to 8 h nitrate induced roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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40
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Hawkins BJ, Boukcim H, Plassard C. A comparison of ammonium, nitrate and proton net fluxes along seedling roots of Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine grown and measured with different inorganic nitrogen sources. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2008; 31:278-87. [PMID: 18034773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant spatial variability in NH4+, NO3- and H+ net fluxes was measured in roots of young seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) with ion-selective microelectrodes. Seedlings were grown with NH4+, NO3-, NH4NO3 or no nitrogen (N), and were measured in solutions containing one or both N ions, or no N in a full factorial design. Net NO3- and NH4+ uptake and H+ efflux were greater in Douglas-fir than lodgepole pine and in roots not exposed to N in pretreatment. In general, the rates of net NH4+ uptake were the same in the presence or absence of NO3-, and vice versa. The highest NO3- influx occurred 0-30 mm from the root apex in Douglas-fir and 0-10 mm from the apex in lodgepole pine. Net NH4+ flux was zero or negative (efflux) at Douglas-fir root tips, and the highest NH4+ influx occurred 5-20 mm from the root tip. Lodgepole pine had some NH4+ influx at the root tips, and the maximum net uptake 5 mm from the root tip. Net H+ efflux was greatest in the first 10 mm of roots of both species. This study demonstrates that nutrient uptake by conifer roots can vary significantly across different regions of the root, and indicates that ion flux profiles along the roots may be influenced by rates of root growth and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Hawkins
- Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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Cerezo M, Camañes G, Flors V, Primo-Millo E, García-Agustín P. Regulation of nitrate transport in citrus rootstocks depending on nitrogen availability. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2007; 2:337-42. [PMID: 19516998 PMCID: PMC2634206 DOI: 10.4161/psb.2.5.4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that in Citrus plants, nitrate influx through the plasmalemma of roots cells follows a biphasic pattern, suggesting the existence of at least two different uptake systems, a high and low affinity transport system (HATS and LATS, respectively). Here, we describe a novel inducible high affinity transport system (iHATS). This new nitrate transport system has a high capacity to uptake nitrate in two different Citrus rootstocks (Cleopatra mandarin and Troyer citrange). The iHATS was saturable, showing higher affinity than constitutive high affinity transport system (cHATS) to the substrate NO(3) (-). The V(max) for this saturable component iHATS was higher than cHATS, reaching similar values in both rootstocks.Additionally, we studied the regulation of root NO(3) (-) uptake mediated by both HATS (iHATS and cHATS) and LATS. In both rootstocks, cHATS is constitutive and independent of N-status. Concerning the regulation of iHATS, this system is upregulated by NO(3) (-) and down-regulated by the N status and by NO(3) (-) itself when plants are exposed to it for a longer period of time. LATS in Cleopatra mandarin and Troyer citrange rootstocks is repressed by the N-status.The use of various metabolic uncouplers or inhibitors indicated that NO(3) (-) net uptake mediated by iHATS and LATS was an active transport system in both rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cerezo
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal; Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural; ESTCE; Universitat Jaume I, Campus de Riu; Castellón, Spain
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal; Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural; ESTCE; Universitat Jaume I, Campus de Riu; Castellón, Spain
| | - Víctor Flors
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal; Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural; ESTCE; Universitat Jaume I, Campus de Riu; Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Primo-Millo
- Departamento de Citricultura; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias; Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal; Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural; ESTCE; Universitat Jaume I, Campus de Riu; Castellón, Spain
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Soil NH4 +/NO3 − nitrogen characteristics in primary forests and the adaptability of some coniferous species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11461-007-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Loqué D, Lalonde S, Looger LL, von Wirén N, Frommer WB. A cytosolic trans-activation domain essential for ammonium uptake. Nature 2007; 446:195-8. [PMID: 17293878 DOI: 10.1038/nature05579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polytopic membrane proteins are essential for cellular uptake and release of nutrients. To prevent toxic accumulation, rapid shut-off mechanisms are required. Here we show that the soluble cytosolic carboxy terminus of an oligomeric ammonium transporter from Arabidopsis thaliana serves as an allosteric regulator essential for function; mutations in the C-terminal domain, conserved between bacteria, fungi and plants, led to loss of transport activity. When co-expressed with intact transporters, mutants inactivated functional subunits, but left their stability unaffected. Co-expression of two inactive transporters, one with a defective pore, the other with an ablated C terminus, reconstituted activity. The crystal structure of an Archaeoglobus fulgidus ammonium transporter (AMT) suggests that the C terminus interacts physically with cytosolic loops of the neighbouring subunit. Phosphorylation of conserved sites in the C terminus are proposed as the cognate control mechanism. Conformational coupling between monomers provides a mechanism for tight regulation, for increasing the dynamic range of sensing and memorizing prior events, and may be a general mechanism for transporter regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Loqué
- Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama St, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Fotelli MN, Rudolph P, Rennenberg H, Gessler A. Irradiance and temperature affect the competitive interference of blackberry on the physiology of European beech seedlings. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2005; 165:453-62. [PMID: 15720656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential negative influence of competition from early successional species like blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) may be decisive for the natural regeneration success of drought-sensitive beech (Fagus sylvatica), especially in the light of climate change. With a split plot glasshouse experiment, we investigated the influence of two air temperature and irradiance levels on the competitive interference of blackberry on the water, nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) balance of beech seedlings under moderate drought. When increased temperature was accompanied by low irradiance the biomass, root-to-shoot ratio, N uptake and assimilation rates of blackberry were lower compared with beech, either grown alone or with blackberry. By contrast, when elevated temperature and high irradiance were combined, the root-to-shoot ratio and specific N uptake rate of blackberry were substantially increased, while the N acquisition of beech was impaired. Under lower temperature, with either full light or shade, the presence of blackberry had no significant effects on beech, for almost all tested parameters. Under elevated air temperature beech was impaired by the presence of blackberry at high irradiance. These findings emphasize the interacting effects between environmental factors and competition on the establishment of beech regeneration, which should be considered for future forest management in the frame of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela N Fotelli
- Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee, Gebäude 053/054, 79110 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
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Kumar A, Silim SN, Okamoto M, Siddiqi MY, Glass ADM. Differential expression of three members of the AMT1 gene family encoding putative high-affinity NH4+ transporters in roots of Oryza sativa subspecies indica. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2003; 26:907-914. [PMID: 12803618 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the molecular basis of high-affinity ammonium absorption by roots of rice plants (Oryza sativa subspecies indica) the expression patterns of three members of the AMT1 family of genes in rice seedling roots in response to altered nitrogen provision and diurnal changes in irradiance were examined. The 13NH4+ influx and transcript levels of OsAMT1.1 in roots decreased several fold within 48 h when plants acclimated to 10 micro m external NH4+ for 3 weeks were transferred to 10 mm NH4+. Likewise when plants acclimated in 10 mm NH4+ were transferred to 10 micro m NH4+, there was an equally rapid up-regulation of OsAMT1.1 and 13NH4+ influx in the roots. Changes in transcript abundance of OsAMT1.2 following these treatments were approximately 50% less than in OsAMT1.1, and changes of OsAMT1.3 expression were even less. By contrast, in response to the diurnal changes of irradiance, root transcript abundance of OsAMT1.3 and 15NH4+ influx increased approximately three-fold late in the photoperiod, whereas OsAMT1.1 and OsAMT1.2 exhibited only modest changes. The present results suggest that high-affinity NH4+ influx is differentially regulated at the transcriptional level through the expression of three members of the OsAMT1 family of genes in roots of rice seedlings in response to changes of N status and daily irradiance. In general, these findings are in agreement with earlier observations in Arabidopsis and tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kumar
- Department of Botany, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4, Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, Shelterbelt Centre Indian Head SK, Canada S0G 2K0 and Division of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
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Suenaga A, Moriya K, Sonoda Y, Ikeda A, Von Wirén N, Hayakawa T, Yamaguchi J, Yamaya T. Constitutive expression of a novel-type ammonium transporter OsAMT2 in rice plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 44:206-11. [PMID: 12610225 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcg017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To characterize ammonium transport pathways in rice, two cDNAs with high homology to MEP/AMT2-type ammonium transporters, OsAMT2;1 and OsAMT3;1, were isolated. Expression of OsAMT2;1 in an ammonium-uptake-defective yeast mutant showed that this gene encodes functional ammonium transporters. OsAMT2;1 was constitutively expressed in both roots and shoots irrespective of the supply of inorganic nitrogen to the medium, whereas OsAMT3;1 expression was relatively weak. A database search with the amino acid sequence of OsAMT2;1 showed that there are 10 putative OsAMT genes in rice, i.e. three each for OsAMT1, OsAMT2 and OsAMT3, respectively, and one for OsAMT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Suenaga
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
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Reid R, Hayes J. Mechanisms and Control of Nutrient Uptake in Plants. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2003; 229:73-114. [PMID: 14669955 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(03)29003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review is a distillation of the vast amount of physiological and molecular data on plant membrane transport, to provide a concise overview of the main processes involved in the uptake of mineral nutrients in plants. Emphasis has been placed on transport across the plasma membrane, and on the primary uptake from soil into roots, or in the case of aquatic plants, from their aqueous environment. Control of uptake has been mainly considered in terms of local effects on the rate of transport and not in terms of long-distance signaling. The general picture emerging is of a large array of membrane transporters, few of which display any strong selectivity for individual nutrients. Instead, many transporters allow low-affinity uptake of several different nutrients. These features, plus the huge number of potential transporter genes that has been revealed by sequencing of plant genomes, raise some interesting questions about their evolution and likely function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Reid
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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Sohlenkamp C, Wood CC, Roeb GW, Udvardi MK. Characterization of Arabidopsis AtAMT2, a high-affinity ammonium transporter of the plasma membrane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 130:1788-96. [PMID: 12481062 PMCID: PMC166690 DOI: 10.1104/pp.008599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2002] [Revised: 06/19/2002] [Accepted: 07/08/2002] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
AtAMT2 is an ammonium transporter that is only distantly related to the five members of the AtAMT1 family of high-affinity ammonium transporters in Arabidopsis. The short-lived radioactive ion (13)NH(4)(+) was used to show that AtAMT2, expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), is a high-affinity transporter with a K(m) for ammonium of about 20 microM. Changes in external pH between 5.0 and 7.5 had little effect on the K(m) for ammonium, indicating that NH(4)(+), not NH(3), is the substrate for AtAMT2. The AtAMT2 gene was expressed in all organs of Arabidopsis and was subject to nitrogen (N) regulation, at least in roots where expression was partially repressed by high concentrations of ammonium nitrate and derepressed in the absence of external N. Although expression of AtAMT2 in shoots responded little to changes in root N status, transcript levels in leaves declined under high CO(2) conditions. Transient expression of an AtAMT2-green fluorescent protein fusion protein in Arabidopsis leaf epidermal cells indicated a plasma membrane location for the AtAMT2 protein. Thus, AtAMT2 is likely to play a significant role in moving ammonium between the apoplast and symplast of cells throughout the plant. However, a dramatic reduction in the level of AtAMT2 transcript brought about by dsRNA interference with gene expression had no obvious effect on plant growth or development, under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sohlenkamp
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany
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Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ. NH4+ toxicity in higher plants: a critical review. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1078/0176-1617-0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
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Macduff JH, Humphreys MO, Thomas H. Effects of a stay-green mutation on plant nitrogen relations in Lolium perenne during N starvation and after defoliation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2002; 89:11-21. [PMID: 12096812 PMCID: PMC4233768 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcf001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The stay-green mutation of the nuclear gene sid results in inhibition of chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence in grasses, reducing N remobilization from senescing leaves. Effects on growth of Lolium perenne L. were investigated during N starvation (over 18 d) and after severe defoliation, when leaf growth depends on the remobilization of internal N. Rates of dry mater production, partitioning between shoots and roots, and re-partitioning of N from shoots to roots were very similar in stay-green and normal plants under N starvation. Km and Vmax for net uptake of NH4+ were also similar for both genotypes, and Vmax increased with the duration of N deprivation. The mutation had little effect on recovery of leaf growth following severe defoliation, but stay-green plants recommenced NO3- and K+ uptake 1 d later than normal plants. Import of remobilized N into new leaves was generally similar in both lines. However, stay-green plants remobilized less N from stubble compared with normal plants. It was concluded that the sid locus stay-green mutation has no significant adverse effect on the growth of L perenne during N starvation, or recovery from severe defoliation when plants are grown under an optimal regime of NO3- supply both before and after defoliation. The absence of any effect on leaf dry matter production implies that the difference in foliar N availability attributable to this mutation has little bearing on productivity, at least in the short to medium term.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Macduff
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK.
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