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Xu S, Song S, Jiang H, Wu G, Chen Y. Effects of LAZY family genes on shoot gravitropism in Lotus japonicus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112234. [PMID: 39216696 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Plant architecture is an important agronomic trait to determine the biomass and sward structure of forage grass. The IGT family plays a pivotal role in plant gravitropism, encompassing both the gravitropic response and the modulation of plant architecture. We have previously shown that LjLAZY3, one of the IGT genes, plays a distinct role in root gravitropism in L. japonicus. However, the function of LAZY proteins on shoot gravitropism in this species is poorly understood. In this study, we identified nine IGT genes in the L. japonicus genome, which have been categorized into four clades based on the phylogenetic relationships of IGT proteins from 18 legumes: LAZY1, NGR (NEGATIVE GRAVITROPIC RESPONSE OF ROOTS), IGT-LIKE, and TAC1. We found that LAZY genes in the first three clades have demonstrated distinct role for modulating plant gravitropism in L. japonicus with specific impacts as follows. Mutation of the LAZY1 gene, LjLAZY1, defected the gravitropic response of hypocotyl without impacting the main stem's branch angle. In contrast, the overexpression of the NGR gene, LjLAZY3, substantially modulated the shoot's gravitropism, leading to narrower lateral branch angles. Additionally, it enhanced the shoots' gravitropic response. The overexpression of another NGR gene, LjLAZY4, specifically reduced the main stem's branch angle and decreased plant stature without affecting the shoot gravitropic response. The phenotype of IGT-LIKE gene LjLAZY2 overexpression is identical to that of LjLAZY4. While overexpression of the IGT-LIKE gene LjLAZY5 did not induce any observable changes in branch angle, plant height, or gravitropic response. Furthermore, the LjLAZYs were selectively interacted with different BRXL and RLD proteins, which should the important factor to determine their different functions in controlling organ architecture in L. japonicus. Our results deepen understanding of the LjLAZY family and its potential for plant architecture improvement in L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoming Xu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Shusi Song
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Huawu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
| | - Guojiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
| | - Yaping Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
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Kohler AR, Scheil A, Hill JL, Allen JR, Al-Haddad JM, Goeckeritz CZ, Strader LC, Telewski FW, Hollender CA. Defying gravity: WEEP promotes negative gravitropism in peach trees by establishing asymmetric auxin gradients. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1229-1255. [PMID: 38366651 PMCID: PMC11142379 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Trees with weeping shoot architectures are valued for their beauty and are a resource for understanding how plants regulate posture control. The peach (Prunus persica) weeping phenotype, which has elliptical downward arching branches, is caused by a homozygous mutation in the WEEP gene. Little is known about the function of WEEP despite its high conservation throughout Plantae. Here, we present the results of anatomical, biochemical, biomechanical, physiological, and molecular experiments that provide insight into WEEP function. Our data suggest that weeping peach trees do not have defects in branch structure. Rather, transcriptomes from the adaxial (upper) and abaxial (lower) sides of standard and weeping branch shoot tips revealed flipped expression patterns for genes associated with early auxin response, tissue patterning, cell elongation, and tension wood development. This suggests that WEEP promotes polar auxin transport toward the lower side during shoot gravitropic response, leading to cell elongation and tension wood development. In addition, weeping peach trees exhibited steeper root systems and faster lateral root gravitropic response. This suggests that WEEP moderates root gravitropism and is essential to establishing the set-point angle of lateral roots from the gravity vector. Additionally, size exclusion chromatography indicated that WEEP proteins self-oligomerize, like other proteins with sterile alpha motif domains. Collectively, our results from weeping peach provide insight into polar auxin transport mechanisms associated with gravitropism and lateral shoot and root orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Kohler
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrew Scheil
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Joseph L Hill
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Allen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jameel M Al-Haddad
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Charity Z Goeckeritz
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lucia C Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Frank W Telewski
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Courtney A Hollender
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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3
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Liu L, Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Chen S, Yang L, Li X, Chen W, Xu Z, Xu P, Wang H, Yu D. Transcription factor OsWRKY72 controls rice leaf angle by regulating LAZY1-mediated shoot gravitropism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1586-1600. [PMID: 38478430 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Leaf angle is a major trait of ideal architecture, which is considered to influence rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation and grain yield. Although a few mutants with altered rice leaf inclination angles have been reported, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we showed that a WRKY transcription factor gene, OsWRKY72, was highly expressed in the leaf sheath and lamina joint. Phenotypic analyses showed that oswrky72 mutants had smaller leaf angles than the wild type, while OsWRKY72 overexpression lines exhibited an increased leaf angle. This observation suggests that OsWRKY72 functions as a positive regulator, promoting the enlargement of the leaf angle. Our bioinformatics analysis identified LAZY1 as the downstream gene of OsWRKY72. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase analysis revealed that OsWRKY72 directly inhibited LAZY1 by binding to its promoter. Moreover, knocking out OsWRKY72 enhanced shoot gravitropism, which contrasted with the phenotype of lazy1 plants. These results imply that OsWRKY72 regulates the leaf angle through gravitropism by reducing the expression of LAZY1. In addition, OsWRKY72 could directly regulate the expression of other leaf angle-related genes such as FLOWERING LOCUS T-LIKE 12 (OsFTL12) and WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASE 11 (OsWAK11). Our study indicates that OsWRKY72 contributes positively to the expansion of the leaf angle by interfering with shoot gravitropism in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Shidie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, 650092 Kunming, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, 650092 Kunming, China
| | - Wanqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Houping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650500 Kunming, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, 650092 Kunming, China
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Yang R, Li K, Wang M, Sun M, Li Q, Chen L, Xiao F, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Jiao F, Chen J. ZmNAC17 Regulates Mesocotyl Elongation by Mediating Auxin and ROS Biosynthetic Pathways in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4585. [PMID: 38731804 PMCID: PMC11083593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The mesocotyl is of great significance in seedling emergence and in responding to biotic and abiotic stress in maize. The NAM, ATAF, and CUC2 (NAC) transcription factor family plays an important role in maize growth and development; however, its function in the elongation of the maize mesocotyl is still unclear. In this study, we found that the mesocotyl length in zmnac17 loss-of-function mutants was lower than that in the B73 wild type. By using transcriptomic sequencing technology, we identified 444 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between zmnac17-1 and B73, which were mainly enriched in the "tryptophan metabolism" and "antioxidant activity" pathways. Compared with the control, the zmnac17-1 mutants exhibited a decrease in the content of indole acetic acid (IAA) and an increase in the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results provide preliminary evidence that ZmNAC17 regulates the elongation of the maize mesocotyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kangshi Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Meng Sun
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Liping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhenlong Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fuchao Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jingtang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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5
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Temme AA, Kerr KL, Nolting KM, Dittmar EL, Masalia RR, Bucksch AK, Burke JM, Donovan LA. The genomic basis of nitrogen utilization efficiency and trait plasticity to improve nutrient stress tolerance in cultivated sunflower. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2527-2544. [PMID: 38270266 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining crop productivity is challenging as population growth, climate change, and increasing fertilizer costs necessitate expanding crop production to poorer lands whilst reducing inputs. Enhancing crops' nutrient use efficiency is thus an important goal, but requires a better understanding of related traits and their genetic basis. We investigated variation in low nutrient stress tolerance in a diverse panel of cultivated sunflower genotypes grown under high and low nutrient conditions, assessing relative growth rate (RGR) as performance. We assessed variation in traits related to nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE), mass allocation, and leaf elemental content. Across genotypes, nutrient limitation generally reduced RGR. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between vigor (RGR in control) and decline in RGR in response to stress. Given this trade-off, we focused on nutrient stress tolerance independent of vigor. This tolerance metric correlated with the change in NUtE, plasticity for a suite of morphological traits, and leaf element content. Genome-wide associations revealed regions associated with variation and plasticity in multiple traits, including two regions with seemingly additive effects on NUtE change. Our results demonstrate potential avenues for improving sunflower nutrient stress tolerance independent of vigor, and highlight specific traits and genomic regions that could play a role in enhancing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries A Temme
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly L Kerr
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kristen M Nolting
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emily L Dittmar
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rishi R Masalia
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - John M Burke
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lisa A Donovan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Waite JM, Dardick C. IGT/LAZY genes are differentially influenced by light and required for light-induced change to organ angle. BMC Biol 2024; 22:8. [PMID: 38233837 PMCID: PMC10795295 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants adjust their growth orientations primarily in response to light and gravity signals. Considering that the gravity vector is fixed and the angle of light incidence is constantly changing, plants must somehow integrate these signals to establish organ orientation, commonly referred to as gravitropic set-point angle (GSA). The IGT gene family contains known regulators of GSA, including the gene clades LAZY, DEEPER ROOTING (DRO), and TILLER ANGLE CONTROL (TAC). RESULTS Here, we investigated the influence of light on different aspects of GSA phenotypes in LAZY and DRO mutants, as well as the influence of known light signaling pathways on IGT gene expression. Phenotypic analysis revealed that LAZY and DRO genes are collectively required for changes in the angle of shoot branch tip and root growth in response to light. Single lazy1 mutant branch tips turn upward in the absence of light and in low light, similar to wild-type, and mimic triple and quadruple IGT mutants in constant light and high-light conditions, while triple and quadruple IGT/LAZY mutants show little to no response to changing light regimes. Further, the expression of IGT/LAZY genes is differentially influenced by daylength, circadian clock, and light signaling. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the data show that differential expression of LAZY and DRO genes are required to enable plants to alter organ angles in response to light-mediated signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Marie Waite
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, USA.
- Present Address: USDA Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA, USA.
| | - Christopher Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, USA
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7
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Chu W, Zhu X, Jiang T, Wang S, Ni W. Genome-wide identification of peanut IGT family genes and their potential roles in the development of plant architecture. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20400. [PMID: 37990054 PMCID: PMC10663514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IGT family genes play essential roles in shaping plant architecture. However, limited amount of information is available about IGT family genes in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). In the current study, 13 AhIGT genes were identified and classified into three groups based on their phylogenetic relationship. Gene structure, conserved domain analyses indicated all AhIGTs were observed to share a similar exon-intron distribution pattern. AhIGTs within the same subfamily maintained a consistent motif composition. Chromosomal localization and synteny analyses showed that AhIGTs were unevenly localized on 9 chromosomes and that segmental duplication and purifying selection may have played important roles in the evolution of AhIGT genes. The analysis of conserved motifs, GO annotation, and transcript profile suggested that AhLAZY1-3 may play roles in gravity sensing and shaping peanut plant architecture. Transcript profile analysis suggested that AhTAC1 could potentially be involved gynophore ('peg') penetration into the soil. The cis-element analysis revealed that the light-responsive elements accounted for most of all cis-acting elements. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of several AhIGT genes, like AhTAC1-2/4, was light-dependent, indicating that these genes may regulate plant architecture in response to light signals. This study may facilitate functional studies of the IGT genes in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chu
- Crops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Crops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Crops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Song Wang
- Crops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wanli Ni
- Crops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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Chen J, Yu R, Li N, Deng Z, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Qu C, Yuan Y, Pan Z, Zhou Y, Li K, Wang J, Chen Z, Wang X, Wang X, He SN, Dong J, Deng XW, Chen H. Amyloplast sedimentation repolarizes LAZYs to achieve gravity sensing in plants. Cell 2023; 186:4788-4802.e15. [PMID: 37741279 PMCID: PMC10615846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Gravity controls directional growth of plants, and the classical starch-statolith hypothesis proposed more than a century ago postulates that amyloplast sedimentation in specialized cells initiates gravity sensing, but the molecular mechanism remains uncharacterized. The LAZY proteins are known as key regulators of gravitropism, and lazy mutants show striking gravitropic defects. Here, we report that gravistimulation by reorientation triggers mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling-mediated phosphorylation of Arabidopsis LAZY proteins basally polarized in root columella cells. Phosphorylation of LAZY increases its interaction with several translocons at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (TOC) proteins on the surface of amyloplasts, facilitating enrichment of LAZY proteins on amyloplasts. Amyloplast sedimentation subsequently guides LAZY to relocate to the new lower side of the plasma membrane in columella cells, where LAZY induces asymmetrical auxin distribution and root differential growth. Together, this study provides a molecular interpretation for the starch-statolith hypothesis: the organelle-movement-triggered molecular polarity formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Chen
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Renbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetable Research Center, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Na Li
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaoguo Deng
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaran Zhao
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chengfu Qu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanfang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhexian Pan
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiren Chen
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaolian Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shu-Nan He
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haodong Chen
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
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Dougherty L, Borejsza-Wysocka E, Miaule A, Wang P, Zheng D, Jansen M, Brown S, Piñeros M, Dardick C, Xu K. A single amino acid substitution in MdLAZY1A dominantly impairs shoot gravitropism in Malus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1142-1160. [PMID: 37394917 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture is 1 of the most important factors that determines crop yield potential and productivity. In apple (Malus domestica), genetic improvement of tree architecture has been challenging due to a long juvenile phase and growth as complex trees composed of a distinct scion and a rootstock. To better understand the genetic control of apple tree architecture, the dominant weeping growth phenotype was investigated. We report the identification of MdLAZY1A (MD13G1122400) as the genetic determinant underpinning the Weeping (W) locus that largely controls weeping growth in Malus. MdLAZY1A is 1 of the 4 paralogs in apple that are most closely related to AtLAZY1 involved in gravitropism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The weeping allele (MdLAZY1A-W) contains a single nucleotide mutation c.584T>C that leads to a leucine to proline (L195P) substitution within a predicted transmembrane domain that colocalizes with Region III, 1 of the 5 conserved regions in LAZY1-like proteins. Subcellular localization revealed that MdLAZY1A localizes to the plasma membrane and nucleus in plant cells. Overexpressing the weeping allele in apple cultivar Royal Gala (RG) with standard growth habit impaired its gravitropic response and altered the growth to weeping-like. Suppressing the standard allele (MdLAZY1A-S) by RNA interference (RNAi) in RG similarly changed the branch growth direction to downward. Overall, the L195P mutation in MdLAZY1A is genetically causal for weeping growth, underscoring not only the crucial roles of residue L195 and Region III in MdLAZY1A-mediated gravitropic response but also a potential DNA base editing target for tree architecture improvement in Malus and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dougherty
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell Agritech, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Ewa Borejsza-Wysocka
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell Agritech, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Alexandre Miaule
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell Agritech, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Desen Zheng
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell Agritech, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Michael Jansen
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Susan Brown
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell Agritech, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Miguel Piñeros
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Christopher Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Kenong Xu
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell Agritech, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
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10
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Nishimura T, Mori S, Shikata H, Nakamura M, Hashiguchi Y, Abe Y, Hagihara T, Yoshikawa HY, Toyota M, Higaki T, Morita MT. Cell polarity linked to gravity sensing is generated by LZY translocation from statoliths to the plasma membrane. Science 2023; 381:1006-1010. [PMID: 37561884 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Organisms have evolved under gravitational force, and many sense the direction of gravity by means of statoliths in specialized cells. In flowering plants, starch-accumulating plastids, known as amyloplasts, act as statoliths to facilitate downstream gravitropism. The gravity-sensing mechanism has long been considered a mechanosensing process by which amyloplasts transmit forces to intracellular structures, but the molecular mechanism underlying this has not been elucidated. We show here that LAZY1-LIKE (LZY) family proteins involved in statocyte gravity signaling associate with amyloplasts and the proximal plasma membrane. This results in polar localization according to the direction of gravity. We propose a gravity-sensing mechanism by which LZY translocation to the plasma membrane signals the direction of gravity by transmitting information on the position of amyloplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishimura
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Course for Basic Biology, The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0115, Japan
| | - Shogo Mori
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Shikata
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Course for Basic Biology, The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0115, Japan
| | - Moritaka Nakamura
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hashiguchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Abe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takuma Hagihara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | | | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Suntory Rising Stars Encouragement Program in Life Sciences (SunRiSE), Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Miyo Terao Morita
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Course for Basic Biology, The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0115, Japan
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11
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Wang H, Tu R, Ruan Z, Chen C, Peng Z, Zhou X, Sun L, Hong Y, Chen D, Liu Q, Wu W, Zhan X, Shen X, Zhou Z, Cao L, Zhang Y, Cheng S. Photoperiod and gravistimulation-associated Tiller Angle Control 1 modulates dynamic changes in rice plant architecture. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:160. [PMID: 37347301 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE TAC1 is involved in photoperiodic and gravitropic responses to modulate rice dynamic plant architecture likely by affecting endogenous auxin distribution, which could explain TAC1 widespread distribution in indica rice. Plants experience a changing environment throughout their growth, which requires dynamic adjustments of plant architecture in response to these environmental cues. Our previous study demonstrated that Tiller Angle Control 1 (TAC1) modulates dynamic changes in plant architecture in rice; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that TAC1 regulates plant architecture in an expression dose-dependent manner, is highly expressed in stems, and exhibits dynamic expression in tiller bases during the growth period. Photoperiodic treatments revealed that TAC1 expression shows circadian rhythm and is more abundant during the dark period than during the light period and under short-day conditions than under long-day conditions. Therefore, it contributes to dynamic plant architecture under long-day conditions and loose plant architecture under short-day conditions. Gravity treatments showed that TAC1 is induced by gravistimulation and negatively regulates shoot gravitropism, likely by affecting auxin distribution. Notably, the tested indica rice containing TAC1 displayed dynamic plant architecture under natural long-day conditions, likely explaining the widespread distribution of TAC1 in indica rice. Our results provide new insights into TAC1-mediated regulatory mechanisms for dynamic changes in rice plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Ranran Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zheyan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Zequn Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Xingpeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Lianping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Yongbo Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Daibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Xihong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Zhengping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China.
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China.
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12
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Li J, Wang Z, Song C, Nie Y, Li H, Kong M, Cong H, Wang S, Yin N, Hu L, Bermudez RS, He W. Identification of LsLAZY1 gene in Leymus secalinus and validation of its function in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:783-790. [PMID: 37520815 PMCID: PMC10382429 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Root systems anchor plants to the substrate in addition to transporting water and nutrients, playing a fundamental role in plant survival. The LAZY1 gene mediates gravity signal transduction and participates in root and shoot development and auxin flow in many plants. In this study, a regulator, LsLAZY1, was identified from Leymus secalinus based on previous transcriptome data. The conserved domain and evolutionary relationship were further analyzed comprehensively. The role of LsLAZY1 in root development was investigated by genetic transformation and associated gravity response and phototropism assay. Subcellular localization showed that LsLAZY1 was localized in the nucleus. LsLAZY1 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) increased the length of the primary roots (PRs) and the number of lateral roots (LRs) compared to Col-0. Furthermore, 35S:LsLAZY1 transgenic seedlings affected auxin transport and showed a stronger gravitational and phototropic responses. It also promoted auxin accumulation at the root tips. These results indicated that LsLAZY1 affects root development and auxin transport. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01326-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Zenghui Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Chunying Song
- Xilin Gol League Agricultural and Animal Product Quality and Safety Monitoring Center, Xilinhot City, 026000 China
| | - Yanshun Nie
- Fengtang Ecological Agriculture Technology Research and Development Co. LTD, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Hongmei Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Mengmeng Kong
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Hanhan Cong
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Ning Yin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Linyue Hu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Ramon Santos Bermudez
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Wenxing He
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
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13
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Basu U, Parida SK. Restructuring plant types for developing tailor-made crops. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1106-1122. [PMID: 34260135 PMCID: PMC10214764 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants have adapted to different environmental niches by fine-tuning the developmental factors working together to regulate traits. Variations in the developmental factors result in a wide range of quantitative variations in these traits that helped plants survive better. The major developmental pathways affecting plant architecture are also under the control of such pathways. Most notable are the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL pathway regulating shoot apical meristem fate, GID1-DELLA module influencing plant height and tillering, LAZY1-TAC1 module controlling branch/tiller angle and the TFL1-FT determining the floral fate in plants. Allelic variants of these key regulators selected during domestication shaped the crops the way we know them today. There is immense yield potential in the 'ideal plant architecture' of a crop. With the available genome-editing techniques, possibilities are not restricted to naturally occurring variations. Using a transient reprogramming system, one can screen the effect of several developmental gene expressions in novel ecosystems to identify the best targets. We can use the plant's fine-tuning mechanism for customizing crops to specific environments. The process of crop domestication can be accelerated with a proper understanding of these developmental pathways. It is time to step forward towards the next-generation molecular breeding for restructuring plant types in crops ensuring yield stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita Basu
- Genomics‐Assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement LaboratoryNational Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR)New DelhiIndia
| | - Swarup K. Parida
- Genomics‐Assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement LaboratoryNational Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR)New DelhiIndia
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14
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Yu X, Li Y, Cui X, Wang X, Li J, Guo R, Yan F, Zhang S, Zhao R, Song D, Si T, Zou X, Wang Y, Zhang X. Simultaneously mapping loci related to two plant architecture traits by phenotypic recombination BSA/BSR in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:144. [PMID: 37249697 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We developed a new method phenotypic recombination BSA/BSR (PR-BSA/BSR), which could simultaneously identify the candidate genomic regions associated with two traits in a segregating population. Bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) has been widely used for identifying the genomic regions affecting a certain trait. In this study, we developed a modified BSA/bulked segregant RNA-sequencing (BSR-seq) method, which we named phenotypic recombination BSA/BSR (PR-BSA/BSR), to simultaneously identify candidate genomic regions associated with two traits in a segregating population. Lateral branch angle (LBA) and flower-branch pattern (FBP) are two important traits associated with the peanut plant architecture because they affect the planting density and light use efficiency. We generated an F6 population (with two segregating traits) derived from a cross between the inbred lines Pingdu9616 (erect and sequential; ES-type) and Florunner (spreading and alternating; SA-type). The selection of bulks with extreme phenotypes was a key step in this study. Specifically, 30 individuals with recombinant phenotypes [i.e., spreading and sequential (SS-type) and erect and alternating (EA-type)] were selected to generate two bulks. The transcriptomes of individuals were sequenced and then the loci related to LBA and FBP were simultaneously detected via a ΔSNP-index strategy, which involved the direction of positive and negative peaks in the ∆SNP-index plot. The LBA-related locus was mapped to a 6.82 Mb region (101,743,223-108,564,267 bp) on chromosome 15, whereas the FBP-related locus was mapped to a 2.16 Mb region (117,682,534-119,846,824 bp) on chromosome 12. Furthermore, the marker-based classical QTL mapping method was used to analyze the PF-F6 population, which confirmed our PR-BSA/BSR results. Therefore, the PR-BSA/BSR method produces accurate and reliable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Yu
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Cui
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianheng Wang
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Li
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanzhuang Yan
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojing Zhang
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihua Zhao
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Danlei Song
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Si
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zou
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefu Wang
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Li Q, Liu N, Wu C. Novel insights into maize (Zea mays) development and organogenesis for agricultural optimization. PLANTA 2023; 257:94. [PMID: 37031436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In maize, intrinsic hormone activities and sap fluxes facilitate organogenesis patterning and plant holistic development; these hormone movements should be a primary focus of developmental biology and agricultural optimization strategies. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop plant with distinctive life history characteristics and structural features. Genetic studies have extended our knowledge of maize developmental processes, genetics, and molecular ecophysiology. In this review, the classical life cycle and life history strategies of maize are analyzed to identify spatiotemporal organogenesis properties and develop a definitive understanding of maize development. The actions of genes and hormones involved in maize organogenesis and sex determination, along with potential molecular mechanisms, are investigated, with findings suggesting central roles of auxin and cytokinins in regulating maize holistic development. Furthermore, investigation of morphological and structural characteristics of maize, particularly node ubiquity and the alternate attachment pattern of lateral organs, yields a novel regulatory model suggesting that maize organ initiation and subsequent development are derived from the stimulation and interaction of auxin and cytokinin fluxes. Propositions that hormone activities and sap flow pathways control organogenesis are thoroughly explored, and initiation and development processes of distinctive maize organs are discussed. Analysis of physiological factors driving hormone and sap movement implicates cues of whole-plant activity for hormone and sap fluxes to stimulate maize inflorescence initiation and organ identity determination. The physiological origins and biogenetic mechanisms underlying maize floral sex determination occurring at the tassel and ear spikelet are thoroughly investigated. The comprehensive outline of maize development and morphogenetic physiology developed in this review will enable farmers to optimize field management and will provide a reference for de novo crop domestication and germplasm improvement using genome editing biotechnologies, promoting agricultural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Crop Genesis and Novel Agronomy Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong ZhongnongTiantai Seed Co., Ltd, Pingyi, 273300, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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16
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Che X, Splitt BL, Eckholm MT, Miller ND, Spalding EP. BRXL4-LAZY1 interaction at the plasma membrane controls Arabidopsis branch angle and gravitropism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:211-224. [PMID: 36478485 PMCID: PMC10107345 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gravitropism guides growth to shape plant architecture above and below ground. Mutations in LAZY1 impair stem gravitropism and cause less upright inflorescence branches (wider angles). The LAZY1 protein resides at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus. The plasma membrane pool is necessary and sufficient for setting branch angles. To investigate the molecular mechanism of LAZY1 function, we screened for LAZY1-interacting proteins in yeast. We identified BRXL4, a shoot-specific protein related to BREVIS RADIX. The BRXL4-LAZY1 interaction occurred at the plasma membrane in plant cells, and not detectably in the nucleus. Mutations in the C-terminus of LAZY1, but not other conserved regions, prevented the interaction. Opposite to lazy1, brxl4 mutants displayed faster gravitropism and more upright branches. Overexpressing BRXL4 produced strong lazy1 phenotypes. The apparent negative regulation of LAZY1 function is consistent with BRXL4 reducing LAZY1 expression or the amount of LAZY1 at the plasma membrane. Measurements indicated that both are true. LAZY1 mRNA was three-fold more abundant in brxl4 mutants and almost undetectable in BRXL4 overexpressors. Plasma membrane LAZY1 was higher and nuclear LAZY1 lower in brxl4 mutants compared with the wild type. To explain these results, we suggest that BRXL4 reduces the amount of LAZY1 at the plasma membrane where it functions in gravity signaling and promotes LAZY1 accumulation in the nucleus where it reduces LAZY1 expression, possibly by suppressing its own transcription. This explanation of how BRXL4 negatively regulates LAZY1 suggests ways to modify shoot system architecture for practical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Che
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Bessie L. Splitt
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Magnus T. Eckholm
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Nathan D. Miller
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Edgar P. Spalding
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
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17
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Zhao L, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang T, Wang C, Chen Y, Zhang K, Zhang N, Dong Z, Chen F. A HST1-like gene controls tiller angle through regulating endogenous auxin in common wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:122-135. [PMID: 36128872 PMCID: PMC9829390 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tiller angle is one of the most important agronomic traits and one key factor for wheat ideal plant architecture, which can both increase photosynthetic efficiency and greatly enhance grain yield. Here, a deacetylase HST1-like (TaHST1L) gene controlling wheat tiller angle was identified by the combination of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized tetraploid wheat lines with the premature stop codon of TaHST1L exhibited significantly smaller tiller angles than the wild type. TaHST1L-overexpressing (OE) plants exhibited significantly larger tiller angles and increased tiller numbers in both winter and spring wheat, while TaHST1L-silenced RNAi plants displayed significantly smaller tiller angles and decreased tiller numbers. Moreover, TaHST1L strongly interacted with TaIAA17 and inhibited its expression at the protein level, and thus possibly improved the content of endogenous auxin in the basal tissue of tillers. The transcriptomics and metabolomics results indicated that TaHST1L might change plant architecture by mediating auxin signal transduction and regulating endogenous auxin levels. In addition, a 242-bp insertion/deletion (InDel) in the TaHST1L-A1 promoter altered transcriptional activity and TaHST1L-A1b allele with the 242-bp insertion widened the tiller angle of TaHST1L-OE transgenic rice plants. Wheat varieties with TaHST1L-A1b allele possessed the increased tiller angle and grain yield. Further analysis in wheat and its progenitors indicated that the 242-bp InDel possibly originated from wild emmer and was strongly domesticated in the current varieties. Therefore, TaHST1L involved in the auxin signalling pathway showed the big potential to improve wheat yield by controlling plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yueting Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ying Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shasha Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Tongzhu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Canguan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yue Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Kunpu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ning Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhongdong Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Feng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / CIMMYT‐China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center /Agronomy CollegeHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Qi Y, Wang L, Li W, Xie Y, Zhao W, Dang Z, Li W, Zhao L, Zhang J. Phenotypic analysis of Longya-10 × pale flax hybrid progeny and identification of candidate genes regulating prostrate/erect growth in flax plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1044415. [PMID: 36561460 PMCID: PMC9763623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1044415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flax is a dual-purpose crop that is important for oil and fiber production. The growth habit is one of the crucial targets of selection during flax domestication. Wild hybridization between cultivated flax and wild flax can produce superior germplasms for flax breeding and facilitate the study of the genetic mechanism underlying agronomically important traits. In this study, we used pale flax, Linum grandiflorum, and L. perenne to pollinate Longya-10. Only pale flax interspecific hybrids were obtained, and the trait analysis of the F1 and F2 generations showed that the traits analyzed in this study exhibited disparate genetic characteristics. In the F1 generation, only one trait, i.e., the number of capsules per plant (140) showed significant heterosis, while the characteristics of other traits were closely associated with those of the parents or a decline in hybrid phenotypes. The traits of the F2 generation were widely separated, and the variation coefficient ranged from 9.96% to 146.15%. The quantitative trait locus underlying growth habit was preliminarily found to be situated on chromosome 2 through Bulked-segregant analysis sequencing. Then linkage mapping analysis was performed to fine-map GH2.1 to a 23.5-kb interval containing 4 genes. Among them, L.us.o.m.scaffold22.109 and L.us.o.m.scaffold22.112 contained nonsynonymous SNPs with Δindex=1. Combined with the qRT-PCR results, the two genes might be possible candidate genes for GH2.1. This study will contribute to the development of important germplasms for flax breeding, which would facilitate the elucidation of the genetic mechanisms regulating the growth habit and development of an ideal architecture for the flax plant.
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Pan J, Zhou X, Ahmad N, Zhang K, Tang R, Zhao H, Jiang J, Tian M, Li C, Li A, Zhang X, He L, Ma J, Li X, Tian R, Ma C, Pandey MK, Varshney RK, Wang X, Zhao C. BSA‑seq and genetic mapping identified candidate genes for branching habit in peanut. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4457-4468. [PMID: 36181525 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The candidate gene AhLBA1 controlling lateral branch angel of peanut was fine-mapped to a 136.65-kb physical region on chromosome 15 using the BSA-seq and QTL mapping. Lateral branch angel (LBA) is an important plant architecture trait of peanut, which plays key role in lodging, peg soil penetration and pod yield. However, there are few reports of fine mapping and quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/cloned genes for LBA in peanut. In this project, a mapping population was constructed using a spreading variety Tifrunner and the erect variety Fuhuasheng. Through bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq), a major gene related to LBA, named as AhLBA1, was preliminarily mapped at the region of Chr.15: 150-160 Mb. Then, using traditional QTL approach, AhLBA1 was narrowed to a 1.12 cM region, corresponding to a 136.65-kb physical interval of the reference genome. Of the nine genes housed in this region, three of them were involved in hormone metabolism and regulation, including one "F-box protein" and two "2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase (2OG oxygenase)" encoding genes. In addition, we found that the level of some classes of cytokinin (CK), auxin and ethylene showed significant differences between spreading and erect peanuts at the junction of main stem and lateral branch. These findings will aid further elucidation of the genetic mechanism of LBA in peanut and facilitating marker-assisted selection (MAS) in the future breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaowen Pan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximeng Zhou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Tang
- Cash Crop Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Huiling Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Cash Crop Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Mengdi Tian
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqin Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianying Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangqiong He
- Cash Crop Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizheng Tian
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Changle Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Manish K Pandey
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Kawamoto N, Morita MT. Gravity sensing and responses in the coordination of the shoot gravitropic setpoint angle. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1637-1654. [PMID: 36089891 PMCID: PMC9828789 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gravity is one of the fundamental environmental cues that affect plant development. Indeed, the plant architecture in the shoots and roots is modulated by gravity. Stems grow vertically upward, whereas lateral organs, such as the lateral branches in shoots, tend to grow at a specific angle according to a gravity vector known as the gravitropic setpoint angle (GSA). During this process, gravity is sensed in specialised gravity-sensing cells named statocytes, which convert gravity information into biochemical signals, leading to asymmetric auxin distribution and driving asymmetric cell division/expansion in the organs to achieve gravitropism. As a hypothetical offset mechanism against gravitropism to determine the GSA, the anti-gravitropic offset (AGO) has been proposed. According to this concept, the GSA is a balance of two antagonistic growth components, that is gravitropism and the AGO. Although the nature of the AGO has not been clarified, studies have suggested that gravitropism and the AGO share a common gravity-sensing mechanism in statocytes. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying gravitropism as well as the hypothetical AGO in the control of the GSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Kawamoto
- Division of Plant Environmental ResponsesNational Institute for Basic BiologyMyodaijiOkazaki444‐8556Japan
| | - Miyo Terao Morita
- Division of Plant Environmental ResponsesNational Institute for Basic BiologyMyodaijiOkazaki444‐8556Japan
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21
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Li Y, Huang Y, Sun H, Wang T, Ru W, Pan L, Zhao X, Dong Z, Huang W, Jin W. Heat shock protein 101 contributes to the thermotolerance of male meiosis in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3702-3717. [PMID: 35758611 PMCID: PMC9516056 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures interfere with meiotic recombination and the subsequent progression of meiosis in plants, but few genes involved in meiotic thermotolerance have been characterized. Here, we characterize a maize (Zea mays) classic dominant male-sterile mutant Ms42, which has defects in pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Ms42 encodes a member of the heat shock protein family, HSP101, which accumulates in pollen mother cells. Analysis of the dominant Ms42 mutant and hsp101 null mutants reveals that HSP101 functions in RADIATION SENSITIVE 51 loading, DSB repair, and subsequent meiosis. Consistent with these functions, overexpression of Hsp101 in anthers results in robust microspores with enhanced heat tolerance. These results demonstrate that HSP101 mediates thermotolerance during microsporogenesis, shedding light on the genetic basis underlying the adaptation of male meiocytes to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huayue Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingling Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Author for correspondence: (W.H.), (W.J.)
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Author for correspondence: (W.H.), (W.J.)
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22
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Wang L, Pan L, Niu L, Cui G, Wei B, Zeng W, Wang Z, Lu Z. Fine mapping of the gene controlling the weeping trait of Prunus persica and its uses for MAS in progenies. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:459. [PMID: 36153492 PMCID: PMC9508784 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit tree yield and fruit quality are affected by the tree's growth type, and branching angle is an important agronomic trait of fruit trees, which largely determines the crown structure. The weeping type of peach tree shows good ventilation and light transmission; therefore, it is commonly cultivated. However, there is no molecular marker closely linked with peach weeping traits for target gene screening and assisted breeding. RESULTS First, we confirmed that the peach weeping trait is a recessive trait controlled by a single gene by constructing segregating populations. Based on BSA-seq, we mapped the gene controlling this trait within 159 kb of physical distance on chromosome 3. We found a 35 bp deletion in the candidate area in standard type, which was not lacking in weeping type. For histological assessments, different types of branches were sliced and examined, showing fiber bundles in the secondary xylem of ordinary branches but not in weeping branches. CONCLUSIONS This study established a molecular marker that is firmly linked to weeping trait. This marker can be used for the selection of parents in the breeding process and the early screening of hybrid offspring to shorten the breeding cycle. Moreover, we preliminary explored histological differences between growth types. These results lay the groundwork for a better understanding of the weeping growth habit of peach trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Wang
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Lei Pan
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Liang Niu
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Guochao Cui
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Bin Wei
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Wenfang Zeng
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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23
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Blocking Rice Shoot Gravitropism by Altering One Amino Acid in LAZY1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169452. [PMID: 36012716 PMCID: PMC9409014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tiller angle is an important trait that determines plant architecture and yield in cereal crops. Tiller angle is partially controlled during gravistimulation by the dynamic re-allocation of LAZY1 (LA1) protein between the nucleus and plasma membrane, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized a new allele of LA1 based on analysis of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) spreading-tiller mutant la1G74V, which harbors a non-synonymous mutation in the predicted transmembrane (TM) domain-encoding region of this gene. The mutation causes complete loss of shoot gravitropism, leading to prostrate growth of plants. Our results showed that LA1 localizes not only to the nucleus and plasma membrane but also to the endoplasmic reticulum. Removal of the TM domain in LA1 showed spreading-tiller phenotype of plants similar to la1G74V but did not affect the plasma membrane localization; thus, making it distinct from its ortholog ZmLA1 in Zea mays. Therefore, we propose that the TM domain is indispensable for the biological function of LA1, but this domain does not determine the localization of the protein to the plasma membrane. Our study provides new insights into the LA1-mediated regulation of shoot gravitropism.
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Ahmad N, Hou L, Ma J, Zhou X, Xia H, Wang M, Leal-Bertioli S, Zhao S, Tian R, Pan J, Li C, Li A, Bertioli D, Wang X, Zhao C. Bulk RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Lateral Branch Angle in Peanut. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050841. [PMID: 35627225 PMCID: PMC9140427 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral branch angle (LBA), or branch habit, is one of the most important agronomic traits in peanut. To date, the underlying molecular mechanisms of LBA have not been elucidated in peanut. To acquire the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to LBA, a TI population was constructed through the hybridization of a bunch-type peanut variety Tifrunner and prostrate-type Ipadur. We report the identification of DEGs related to LBA by sequencing two RNA pools, which were composed of 45 F3 lines showing an extreme opposite bunch and prostrate phenotype. We propose to name this approach Bulk RNA-sequencing (BR-seq) as applied to several plant species. Through BR-seq analysis, a total of 3083 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 13 gravitropism-related DEGs, 22 plant hormone-related DEGs, and 55 transcription factors-encoding DEGs. Furthermore, we also identified commonly expressed alternatively spliced (AS) transcripts, of which skipped exon (SE) and retained intron (RI) were most abundant in the prostrate and bunch-type peanut. AS isoforms between prostrate and bunch peanut highlighted important clues to further understand the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of branch angle regulation. Our findings provide not only important insights into the landscape of the regulatory pathway involved in branch angle formation but also present practical information for peanut molecular breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (N.A.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (H.X.); (S.Z.); (R.T.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (A.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Lei Hou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (N.A.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (H.X.); (S.Z.); (R.T.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (A.L.); (X.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Junjie Ma
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (N.A.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (H.X.); (S.Z.); (R.T.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (A.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Ximeng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Han Xia
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (N.A.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (H.X.); (S.Z.); (R.T.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (A.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Mingxiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Soraya Leal-Bertioli
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (S.L.-B.); (D.B.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 31793, USA
| | - Shuzhen Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (N.A.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (H.X.); (S.Z.); (R.T.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (A.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Ruizheng Tian
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (N.A.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (H.X.); (S.Z.); (R.T.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (A.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Jiaowen Pan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (N.A.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (H.X.); (S.Z.); (R.T.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (A.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Changsheng Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (N.A.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (H.X.); (S.Z.); (R.T.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (A.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Aiqin Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (N.A.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (H.X.); (S.Z.); (R.T.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (A.L.); (X.W.)
| | - David Bertioli
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (S.L.-B.); (D.B.)
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (N.A.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (H.X.); (S.Z.); (R.T.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (A.L.); (X.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (N.A.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (H.X.); (S.Z.); (R.T.); (J.P.); (C.L.); (A.L.); (X.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.Z.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Association mapping of autumn-seeded rye (Secale cereale L.) reveals genetic linkages between genes controlling winter hardiness and plant development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5793. [PMID: 35388069 PMCID: PMC8986816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter field survival (WFS) in autumn-seeded winter cereals is a complex trait associated with low temperature tolerance (LTT), prostrate growth habit (PGH), and final leaf number (FLN). WFS and the three sub-traits were analyzed by a genome-wide association study of 96 rye (Secale cereal L.) genotypes of different origins and winter-hardiness levels. A total of 10,244 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were identified by genotyping by sequencing and 259 marker-trait-associations (MTAs; p < 0.01) were revealed by association mapping. The ten most significant SNPs (p < 1.49e−04) associated with WFS corresponded to nine strong candidate genes: Inducer of CBF Expression 1 (ICE1), Cold-regulated 413-Plasma Membrane Protein 1 (COR413-PM1), Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Protein 1 (IRIP1), Jasmonate-resistant 1 (JAR1), BIPP2C1-like protein phosphatase, Chloroplast Unusual Positioning Protein-1 (CHUP1), FRIGIDA-like 4 (FRL4-like) protein, Chalcone Synthase 2 (CHS2), and Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase 8 (PAL8). Seven of the candidate genes were also significant for one or several of the sub-traits supporting the hypothesis that WFS, LTT, FLN, and PGH are genetically interlinked. The winter-hardy rye genotypes generally carried additional allele variants for the strong candidate genes, which suggested allele diversity was a major contributor to cold acclimation efficiency and consistent high WFS under varying field conditions.
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BcSOC1 Promotes Bolting and Stem Elongation in Flowering Chinese Cabbage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073459. [PMID: 35408819 PMCID: PMC8998877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering Chinese cabbage is one of the most economically important stalk vegetables. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying bolting, which is directly related to stalk quality and yield, in this species remain unknown. Previously, we examined five key stem development stages in flowering Chinese cabbage. Here, we identified a gene, BcSOC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1), in flowering Chinese cabbage using transcriptome analysis, whose expression was positively correlated with bolting. Exogenous gibberellin (GA3) and low-temperature treatments significantly upregulated BcSOC1 and promoted early bolting and flowering. Additionally, BcSOC1 overexpression accelerated early flowering and stem elongation in both Arabidopsis and flowering Chinese cabbage, whereas its knockdown dramatically delayed bolting and flowering and inhibited stem elongation in the latter; the inhibition of stem elongation was more notable than delayed flowering. BcSOC1 overexpression also induced cell expansion by upregulating genes encoding cell wall structural proteins, such as BcEXPA11 (cell wall structural proteins and enzymes) and BcXTH3 (xyloglucan endotransglycosidase/hydrolase), upon exogenous GA3 and low-temperature treatments. Moreover, the length of pith cells was correlated with stem height, and BcSOC1 interacted with BcAGL6 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 6) and BcAGL24 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 24). Thus, BcSOC1 plays a vital role in bolting and stem elongation of flowering Chinese cabbage and may play a novel role in regulating stalk development, apart from the conserved function of Arabidopsis SOC1 in flowering alone.
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Li Y, Tan X, Guo J, Hu E, Pan Q, Zhao Y, Chu Y, Zhu Y. Functional Characterization of MdTAC1a Gene Related to Branch Angle in Apple ( Malus x domestica Borkh.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1870. [PMID: 35163793 PMCID: PMC8836888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tiller Angle Control 1 (TAC1) gene belongs to the IGT family, which mainly controls plant branch angle, thereby affecting plant form. Two members of MdTAC1 are identified in apple; the regulation of apple branch angle by MdTAC1 is still unclear. In this study, a subcellular localization analysis detected MdTAC1a in the nucleus and cell membrane, but MdTAC1b was detected in the cell membrane. Transgenic tobacco by overexpression of MdTAC1a or MdTAC1b showed enlarged leaf angles, the upregulation of several genes, such as GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox), and a sensitive response to light and gravity. According to a qRT-PCR analysis, MdTAC1a and MdTAC1b were strongly expressed in shoot tips and vegetative buds of weeping cultivars but were weakly expressed in columnar cultivars. In the MdTAC1a promoter, there were losses of 2 bp in spur cultivars and 6 bp in weeping cultivar compared with standard and columnar cultivars. An InDel marker specific to the MdTAC1a promoter was developed to distinguish apple cultivars and F1 progeny. We identified a protein, MdSRC2, that interacts with MdTAC1a, whose encoding gene which was highly expressed in trees with large branch angles. Our results indicate that differences in the MdTAC1a promoter are major contributors to branch-angle variation in apple, and the MdTAC1a interacts with MdSRC2 to affect this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuandi Zhu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (X.T.); (J.G.); (E.H.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
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Wang W, Gao H, Liang Y, Li J, Wang Y. Molecular basis underlying rice tiller angle: Current progress and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:125-137. [PMID: 34896639 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Crop plant architecture is an important agronomic trait that contributes greatly to crop yield. Tiller angle is one of the most critical components that determine crop plant architecture, which in turn substantially affects grain yield mainly owing to its large influence on plant density. Gravity is a fundamental physical force that acts on all organisms on earth. Plant organs sense gravity to control their growth orientation, including tiller angle in rice (Oryza sativa). This review summarizes recent research advances made using rice tiller angle as a research model, providing insights into domestication of rice tiller angle, genetic regulation of rice tiller angle, and shoot gravitropism. Finally, we propose that current discoveries in rice can shed light on shoot gravitropism and improvement of plant tiller/branch angle in other species, thereby contributing to agricultural production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hengbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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29
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Chin S, Blancaflor EB. Plant Gravitropism: From Mechanistic Insights into Plant Function on Earth to Plants Colonizing Other Worlds. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2368:1-41. [PMID: 34647245 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1677-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gravitropism, the growth of roots and shoots toward or away from the direction of gravity, has been studied for centuries. Such studies have not only led to a better understanding of the gravitropic process itself, but also paved new paths leading to deeper mechanistic insights into a wide range of research areas. These include hormone biology, cell signal transduction, regulation of gene expression, plant evolution, and plant interactions with a variety of environmental stimuli. In addition to contributions to basic knowledge about how plants function, there is accumulating evidence that gravitropism confers adaptive advantages to crops, particularly under marginal agricultural soils. Therefore, gravitropism is emerging as a breeding target for enhancing agricultural productivity. Moreover, research on gravitropism has spawned several studies on plant growth in microgravity that have enabled researchers to uncouple the effects of gravity from other tropisms. Although rapid progress on understanding gravitropism witnessed during the past decade continues to be driven by traditional molecular, physiological, and cell biological tools, these tools have been enriched by technological innovations in next-generation omics platforms and microgravity analog facilities. In this chapter, we review the field of gravitropism by highlighting recent landmark studies that have provided unique insights into this classic research topic while also discussing potential contributions to agriculture on Earth and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Chin
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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Li D, Zhao M, Yu X, Zhao L, Xu Z, Han X. Over-Expression of Rose RrLAZY1 Negatively Regulates the Branch Angle of Transgenic Arabidopsis Inflorescence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413664. [PMID: 34948467 PMCID: PMC8709306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Branch angle is a key shoot architecture trait that strongly influences the ornamental and economic value of garden plants. However, the mechanism underlying the control of branch angle, an important aspect of tree architecture, is far from clear in roses. In the present study, we isolated the RrLAZY1 gene from the stems of Rosa rugosa ‘Zilong wochi’. Sequence analysis showed that the encoded RrLAZY1 protein contained a conserved GΦL (A/T) IGT domain, which belongs to the IGT family. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed that RrLAZY1 was expressed in all tissues and that expression was highest in the stem. The RrLAZY1 protein was localized in the plasma membrane. Based on a yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments, the RrLAZY1 protein was found to interact with auxin-related proteins RrIAA16. The over-expression of the RrLAZY1 gene displayed a smaller branch angle in transgenic Arabidopsis inflorescence and resulted in changes in the expression level of genes related to auxin polar transport and signal transduction pathways. This study represents the first systematic analysis of the LAZY1 gene family in R. rugosa. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of rose plant types and molecular breeding and provide valuable information for studying the regulation mechanism of branch angle in other woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zongda Xu
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-0538-824-2216 (Z.X. & X.H.)
| | - Xu Han
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-0538-824-2216 (Z.X. & X.H.)
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Wang S, Zhang F, Jiang P, Zhang H, Zheng H, Chen R, Xu Z, Ikram AU, Li E, Xu Z, Fan J, Su Y, Ding Y. SDG128 is involved in maize leaf inclination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1597-1608. [PMID: 34612535 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Maize leaf angle (LA) is a complex quantitative trait that is controlled by developmental signals, hormones, and environmental factors. However, the connection between histone methylation and LAs in maize remains unclear. Here, we reported that SET domain protein 128 (SDG128) is involved in leaf inclination in maize. Knockdown of SDG128 using an RNA interference approach resulted in an expanded architecture, less large vascular bundles, more small vascular bundles, and larger spacing of large vascular bundles in the auricles. SDG128 interacts with ZmGID2 both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of ZmGID2 also showed a larger LA with less large vascular bundles and larger spacing of vascular bundles. In addition, the transcription level of cell wall expansion family genes ZmEXPA1, ZmEXPB2, and GRMZM2G005887; transcriptional factor genes Lg1, ZmTAC1, and ZmCLA4; and auxin pathway genes ZmYUCCA7, ZmYUCCA8, and ZmARF22 was reduced in SDG128 and ZmGID2 knockdown plants. SDG128 directly targets ZmEXPA1, ZmEXPB2, LG1, and ZmTAC1 and is required for H3K4me3 deposition at these genes. Together, the results of the present study suggest that SDG128 and ZmGID2 are involved in the maize leaf inclination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance/Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Rihong Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Zuntao Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Aziz Ul Ikram
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Enze Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance/Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Zaoshi Xu
- Anhui Forestry High-Tech Development Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, China
| | - Jun Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance/Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Molecular Cell Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230027, China
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Furutani M, Morita MT. LAZY1-LIKE-mediated gravity signaling pathway in root gravitropic set-point angle control. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1087-1095. [PMID: 34734273 PMCID: PMC8566294 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gravity signaling components contribute to the control of root gravitropic set-point angle through protein polarization relay within columella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Furutani
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Miyo Terao Morita
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8556, Japan
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33
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Luo Z, Janssen BJ, Snowden KC. The molecular and genetic regulation of shoot branching. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1033-1044. [PMID: 33616657 PMCID: PMC8566252 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The architecture of flowering plants exhibits both phenotypic diversity and plasticity, determined, in part, by the number and activity of axillary meristems and, in part, by the growth characteristics of the branches that develop from the axillary buds. The plasticity of shoot branching results from a combination of various intrinsic and genetic elements, such as number and position of nodes and type of growth phase, as well as environmental signals such as nutrient availability, light characteristics, and temperature (Napoli et al., 1998; Bennett and Leyser, 2006; Janssen et al., 2014; Teichmann and Muhr, 2015; Ueda and Yanagisawa, 2019). Axillary meristem initiation and axillary bud outgrowth are controlled by a complex and interconnected regulatory network. Although many of the genes and hormones that modulate branching patterns have been discovered and characterized through genetic and biochemical studies, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the control mechanisms at play. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of the control of axillary meristem initiation and outgrowth into a branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bart J Janssen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
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Montesinos Á, Dardick C, Rubio-Cabetas MJ, Grimplet J. Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252001. [PMID: 34644299 PMCID: PMC8513883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Almond breeding programs aimed at selecting cultivars adapted to intensive orchards have recently focused on the optimization of tree architecture. This multifactorial trait is defined by numerous components controlled by processes such as hormonal responses, gravitropism and light perception. Gravitropism sensing is crucial to control the branch angle and therefore, the tree habit. A gene family, denominated IGT family after a shared conserved domain, has been described as involved in the regulation of branch angle in several species, including rice and Arabidopsis, and even in fruit trees like peach. Here we identified six members of this family in almond: LAZY1, LAZY2, TAC1, DRO1, DRO2, IGT-like. After analyzing their protein sequences in forty-one almond cultivars and wild species, little variability was found, pointing a high degree of conservation in this family. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to analyze the diversity of IGT family proteins in members of the same tree species. Gene expression was analyzed in fourteen cultivars of agronomical interest comprising diverse tree habit phenotypes. Only LAZY1, LAZY2 and TAC1 were expressed in almond shoot tips during the growing season. No relation could be established between the expression profile of these genes and the variability observed in the tree habit. However, some insight has been gained in how LAZY1 and LAZY2 are regulated, identifying the IPA1 almond homologues and other transcription factors involved in hormonal responses as regulators of their expression. Besides, we have found various polymorphisms that could not be discarded as involved in a potential polygenic origin of regulation of architectural phenotypes. Therefore, we have established that neither the expression nor the genetic polymorphism of IGT family genes are correlated to diversity of tree habit in currently commercialized almond cultivars, with other gene families contributing to the variability of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Montesinos
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón–IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Chris Dardick
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture—Agriculture Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - María José Rubio-Cabetas
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón–IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón–IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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Sáenz Rodríguez MN, Cassab GI. Primary Root and Mesocotyl Elongation in Maize Seedlings: Two Organs with Antagonistic Growth below the Soil Surface. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1274. [PMID: 34201525 PMCID: PMC8309072 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maize illustrates one of the most complex cases of embryogenesis in higher plants that results in the development of early embryo with distinctive organs such as the mesocotyl, seminal and primary roots, coleoptile, and plumule. After seed germination, the elongation of root and mesocotyl follows opposite directions in response to specific tropisms (positive and negative gravitropism and hydrotropism). Tropisms represent the differential growth of an organ directed toward several stimuli. Although the life cycle of roots and mesocotyl takes place in darkness, their growth and functions are controlled by different mechanisms. Roots ramify through the soil following the direction of the gravity vector, spreading their tips into new territories looking for water; when water availability is low, the root hydrotropic response is triggered toward the zone with higher moisture. Nonetheless, there is a high range of hydrotropic curvatures (angles) in maize. The processes that control root hydrotropism and mesocotyl elongation remain unclear; however, they are influenced by genetic and environmental cues to guide their growth for optimizing early seedling vigor. Roots and mesocotyls are crucial for the establishment, growth, and development of the plant since both help to forage water in the soil. Mesocotyl elongation is associated with an ancient agriculture practice known as deep planting. This tradition takes advantage of residual soil humidity and continues to be used in semiarid regions of Mexico and USA. Due to the genetic diversity of maize, some lines have developed long mesocotyls capable of deep planting while others are unable to do it. Hence, the genetic and phenetic interaction of maize lines with a robust hydrotropic response and higher mesocotyl elongation in response to water scarcity in time of global heating might be used for developing more resilient maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Nair Sáenz Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico;
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Zhao Y, Wu L, Fu Q, Wang D, Li J, Yao B, Yu S, Jiang L, Qian J, Zhou X, Han L, Zhao S, Ma C, Zhang Y, Luo C, Dong Q, Li S, Zhang L, Jiang X, Li Y, Luo H, Li K, Yang J, Luo Q, Li L, Peng S, Huang H, Zuo Z, Liu C, Wang L, Li C, He X, Friml J, Du Y. INDITTO2 transposon conveys auxin-mediated DRO1 transcription for rice drought avoidance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1846-1857. [PMID: 33576018 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements exist widely throughout plant genomes and play important roles in plant evolution. Auxin is an important regulator that is traditionally associated with root development and drought stress adaptation. The DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) gene is a key component of rice drought avoidance. Here, we identified a transposon that acts as an autonomous auxin-responsive promoter and its presence at specific genome positions conveys physiological adaptations related to drought avoidance. Rice varieties with a high and auxin-mediated transcription of DRO1 in the root tip show deeper and longer root phenotypes and are thus better adapted to drought. The INDITTO2 transposon contains an auxin response element and displays auxin-responsive promoter activity; it is thus able to convey auxin regulation of transcription to genes in its proximity. In the rice Acuce, which displays DRO1-mediated drought adaptation, the INDITTO2 transposon was found to be inserted at the promoter region of the DRO1 locus. Transgenesis-based insertion of the INDITTO2 transposon into the DRO1 promoter of the non-adapted rice variety Nipponbare was sufficient to promote its drought avoidance. Our data identify an example of how transposons can act as promoters and convey hormonal regulation to nearby loci, improving plant fitness in response to different abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The Industrial Crop Institute, Fenyang, China
| | - Lixia Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qijing Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Baolin Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Si Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Han
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuanglu Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Canrong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chongyu Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Saijie Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Youchun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kuixiu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lichi Li
- International Agriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huichuan Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhili Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Changning Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiahong He
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Yunlong Du
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Liu H, Wu H, Wang Y, Wang H, Chen S, Yin Z. Comparative transcriptome profiling and co-expression network analysis uncover the key genes associated withearly-stage resistance to Aspergillus flavus in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:216. [PMID: 33985439 PMCID: PMC8117602 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungus Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) is a serious threat to maize (Zea mays) production worldwide. It causes considerable yield and economic losses, and poses a health risk to humans and livestock due to the high toxicity of aflatoxin. However, key genes and regulatory networks conferring maize resistance to A. flavus are not clear, especially at the early stage of infection. Here, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of two maize inbred lines with contrasting resistance to A. flavus infection. RESULTS The pairwise comparisons between mock and infected kernels in each line during the first 6 h post inoculation (hpi) showed that maize resistance to A. flavus infection was specific to the genotype and infection stage, and defense pathways were strengthened in the resistant line. Further comparison of the two maize lines revealed that the infection-induced up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the resistant line might underlie the enhanced resistance. Gene co-expression network analysis by WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) identified 7 modules that were significantly associated with different infection stages, and 110 hub genes of these modules. These key regulators mainly participate in the biosynthesis of fatty acid and antibiotics. In addition, 90 candidate genes for maize resistance to A. flavus infection and/or aflatoxin contamination obtained in previous studies were confirmed to be differentially expressed between the resistant and susceptible lines within the first 6 hpi. CONCLUSION This work unveiled more A. flavus resistance genes and provided a detailed regulatory network of early-stage resistance to A. flavus in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haofeng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Saihua Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Zhitong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Strable J. Developmental genetics of maize vegetative shoot architecture. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:19. [PMID: 37309417 PMCID: PMC10236122 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
More than 1.1 billion tonnes of maize grain were harvested across 197 million hectares in 2019 (FAOSTAT 2020). The vast global productivity of maize is largely driven by denser planting practices, higher yield potential per area of land, and increased yield potential per plant. Shoot architecture, the three-dimensional structural arrangement of the above-ground plant body, is critical to maize grain yield and biomass. Structure of the shoot is integral to all aspects of modern agronomic practices. Here, the developmental genetics of the maize vegetative shoot is reviewed. Plant architecture is ultimately determined by meristem activity, developmental patterning, and growth. The following topics are discussed: shoot apical meristem, leaf architecture, axillary meristem and shoot branching, and intercalary meristem and stem activity. Where possible, classical and current studies in maize developmental genetics, as well as recent advances leveraged by "-omics" analyses, are highlighted within these sections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01208-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Strable
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- Present Address: Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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Dou D, Han S, Cao L, Ku L, Liu H, Su H, Ren Z, Zhang D, Zeng H, Dong Y, Liu Z, Zhu F, Zhao Q, Xie J, Liu Y, Cheng H, Chen Y. CLA4 regulates leaf angle through multiple hormone signaling pathways in maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1782-1794. [PMID: 33270106 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle is an important agronomic trait in cereals and shares a close relationship with crop architecture and grain yield. Although it has been previously reported that ZmCLA4 can influence leaf angle, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we used the Gal4-LexA/UAS system and transactivation analysis to demonstrate in maize (Zea mays) that ZmCLA4 is a transcriptional repressor that regulates leaf angle. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) analysis revealed that ZmCLA4 mainly binds to promoters containing the EAR motif (CACCGGAC) as well as to two other motifs (CCGARGS and CDTCNTC) to inhibit the expression of its target genes. Further analysis of ZmCLA4 target genes indicated that ZmCLA4 functions as a hub of multiple plant hormone signaling pathways: ZmCLA4 was found to directly bind to the promoters of multiple genes including ZmARF22 and ZmIAA26 in the auxin transport pathway, ZmBZR3 in the brassinosteroid signaling pathway, two ZmWRKY genes involved in abscisic acid metabolism, ZmCYP genes (ZmCYP75B1, ZmCYP93D1) related to jasmonic acid metabolism, and ZmABI3 involved in the ethylene response pathway. Overall, our work provides deep insights into the ZmCLA4 regulatory network in controlling leaf angle in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Dou
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shengbo Han
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liru Cao
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lixia Ku
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huihui Su
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ren
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haixia Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yahui Dong
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhixie Liu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiannan Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiarong Xie
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyang Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Sun C, Zhang C, Wang X, Zhao X, Chen F, Zhang W, Hu M, Fu S, Yi B, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the IGT Gene Family in Allotetraploid Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:441-456. [PMID: 33600242 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IGT family genes function critically to regulate lateral organ orientation in plants. However, little information is available about this family of genes in Brassica napus. In this study, 27 BnIGT genes were identified on 16 chromosomes and divided into seven clades, namely LAZY1∼LAZY6 and TAC1 (Tiller Angle Control 1), based on their phylogenetic relationships. Duplication analysis revealed that 91.1% of the gene pairs were derived from whole-genome duplication. Most BnIGT genes had a similar structural pattern with one or two very short exons followed by a long and a shorter exon. Common and specific motifs were identified among the seven clades, and motif 1, containing the family-specific GφL(A/T)IGT sequence, was observed in all clades except LAZY5. Three types of cis-elements pertinent to transcription factor binding, light responses, and hormone signaling were detected in the BnIGT promoters. Intriguingly, more than half of the BnIGT genes exhibited no or very low expression in various tissues, and the LAZY1 and TAC1 clade members showed distinct tissue expression preferences. Coexpression analysis revealed that the LAZY1 members had strong associations with cell wall biosynthesis genes. This analysis provides a deeper understanding of the BnIGT gene family and will facilitate further deduction of their role in regulating plant architecture in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology/Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology/Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Innovation, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology/Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology/Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Innovation, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology/Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology/Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Maolong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology/Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sanxiong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology/Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiefu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology/Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Innovation, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
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Zhu M, Hu Y, Tong A, Yan B, Lv Y, Wang S, Ma W, Cui Z, Wang X. LAZY1 Controls Tiller Angle and Shoot Gravitropism by Regulating the Expression of Auxin Transporters and Signaling Factors in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 61:2111-2125. [PMID: 33067639 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tiller angle is a key factor determining rice plant architecture, planting density, light interception, photosynthetic efficiency, disease resistance and grain yield. However, the mechanisms underlying tiller angle control are far from clear. In this study, we identified a mutant, termed bta1-1, with an enlarged tiller angle throughout its life cycle. A detailed analysis reveals that BTA1 has multiple functions because tiller angle, shoot gravitropism and tolerance to drought stress are changed in bta1-1 plants. Moreover, BTA1 is a positive regulator of shoot gravitropism in rice. Shoot responses to gravistimulation are disrupted in bta1-1 under both light and dark conditions. Gene cloning reveals that bta1-1 is a novel mutant allele of LA1 renamed la1-SN. LA1 is able to rescue the tiller angle and shoot gravitropism defects observed in la1-SN. The nuclear localization signal of LA1 is disrupted by la1-SN, causing changes in its subcellular localization. LA1 is required to regulate the expression of auxin transporters and signaling factors that control shoot gravitropism and tiller angle. High-throughput mRNA sequencing is performed to elucidate the molecular and cellular functions of LA1. The results show that LA1 may be involved in the nucleosome and chromatin assembly, and protein-DNA interactions to control gene expression, shoot gravitropism and tiller angle. Our results provide new insight into the mechanisms whereby LA1 controls shoot gravitropism and tiller angle in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanjuan Hu
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Aizi Tong
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Bowen Yan
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanpeng Lv
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wenhong Ma
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
- Department of Foreign Language, Shenyang Agricultural University
| | - Zhibo Cui
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China
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Waite JM, Dardick C. The roles of the IGT gene family in plant architecture: past, present, and future. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 59:101983. [PMID: 33422965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic improvement of architectural traits offers tremendous opportunities to dramatically improve crop densities, productivity, and ultimately sustainability. Among these, the orientation, or gravitropic set point angle (GSA), of plant organs is critical to optimize crop profiles, light capture, and nutrient acquisition. Mutant GSA phenotypes have been studied in plants since the 1930's but only recently have the underlying genes been identified. Many of these genes have turned out to fall within the IGT (LAZY1/DRO1/TAC1) family, which initially was not previously recognized due to the lack of sequence conservation of homologous genes across species. Here we discuss recent progress on IGT family genes in various plant species over the past century, review possible functional mechanisms, and provide further analysis of their evolution in land plants and their past and future roles in crop domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Marie Waite
- USDA Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, USA.
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Li L, Zhang Y, Zheng T, Zhuo X, Li P, Qiu L, Liu W, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q. Comparative gene expression analysis reveals that multiple mechanisms regulate the weeping trait in Prunus mume. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2675. [PMID: 33514804 PMCID: PMC7846751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus mume (also known as Mei) is an important ornamental plant that is popular with Asians. The weeping trait in P. mume has attracted the attention of researchers for its high ornamental value. However, the formation of the weeping trait of woody plants is a complex process and the molecular basis of weeping stem development is unclear. Here, the morphological and histochemical characteristics and transcriptome profiles of upright and weeping stems from P. mume were studied. Significant alterations in the histochemical characteristics of upright and weeping stems were observed, and the absence of phloem fibres and less xylem in weeping stems might be responsible for their inability to resist gravity and to grow downward. Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phytohormone signal transduction pathways. To investigate the differential responses to hormones, upright and weeping stems were treated with IAA (auxin) and GA3 (gibberellin A3), respectively, and the results revealed that weeping stems had a weaker IAA response ability and reduced upward bending angles than upright stems. On the contrary, weeping stems had increased upward bending angles than upright stems with GA3 treatment. Compared to upright stems, interestingly, DEGs associated with diterpenoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were significantly enriched after being treated with IAA, and expression levels of genes associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)—anchor biosynthesis were altered after being treated with GA3 in weeping stems. Those results reveal that multiple molecular mechanisms regulate the formation of weeping trait in P. mume, which lays a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tangchun Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaokang Zhuo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Like Qiu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weichao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Jiao Z, Du H, Chen S, Huang W, Ge L. LAZY Gene Family in Plant Gravitropism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:606241. [PMID: 33613583 PMCID: PMC7893674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.606241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Adapting to the omnipresent gravitational field was a fundamental basis driving the flourishing of terrestrial plants on the Earth. Plants have evolved a remarkable capability that not only allows them to live and develop within the Earth's gravity field, but it also enables them to use the gravity vector to guide the growth of roots and shoots, in a process known as gravitropism. Triggered by gravistimulation, plant gravitropism is a highly complex, multistep process that requires many organelles and players to function in an intricate coordinated way. Although this process has been studied for several 100 years, much remains unclear, particularly the early events that trigger the relocation of the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins, which presumably leads to the asymmetrical redistribution of auxin. In the past decade, the LAZY gene family has been identified as a crucial player that ensures the proper redistribution of auxin and a normal tropic response for both roots and shoots upon gravistimulation. LAZY proteins appear to be participating in the early steps of gravity signaling, as the mutation of LAZY genes consistently leads to altered auxin redistribution in multiple plant species. The identification and characterization of the LAZY gene family have significantly advanced our understanding of plant gravitropism, and opened new frontiers of investigation into the novel molecular details of the early events of gravitropism. Here we review current knowledge of the LAZY gene family and the mechanism modulated by LAZY proteins for controlling both roots and shoots gravitropism. We also discuss the evolutionary significance and conservation of the LAZY gene family in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jiao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Du
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangfa Ge
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Ye CY, Fan L. Orphan Crops and their Wild Relatives in the Genomic Era. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:27-39. [PMID: 33346062 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
More than half of the calories consumed by humans are provided by three major cereal crops (rice, maize, and wheat). Orphan crops are usually well adapted to low-input agricultural conditions, and they not only play vital roles in local areas but can also contribute to food and nutritional needs worldwide. Interestingly, many wild relatives of orphan crops are important weeds of major crops. Although orphan crops and their wild relatives have received little attentions from researchers for many years, genomic studies have recently been performed on these plants. Here, we provide an overview of genomic studies on orphan crops, with a focus on orphan cereals and their wild relatives. The genomes of at least 12 orphan cereals and/or their wild relatives have been sequenced. In addition to genomic benefits for orphan crop breeding, we discuss the potential ways for mutual utilization of genomic data from major crops, orphan crops, and their wild relatives (including weeds) and provide perspectives on genetic improvement of both orphan and major crops (including de novo domestication of orphan crops) in the coming genomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yu Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences & Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences & Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572024, China.
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Luo H, Meng D, Liu H, Xie M, Yin C, Liu F, Dong Z, Jin W. Ectopic Expression of the Transcriptional Regulator silky3 Causes Pleiotropic Meristem and Sex Determination Defects in Maize Inflorescences. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3750-3773. [PMID: 32989171 PMCID: PMC7721320 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is a monoecious plant, in which inflorescence morphogenesis involves complicated molecular regulatory mechanisms. Although many related genes have been cloned, our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying maize inflorescence development remains limited. Here, we identified a maize semi-dominant mutant Silky3 (Si3), which displays pleiotropic defects during inflorescence development, including loss of determinacy and identity in meristems and floral organs, as well as the sexual transformation of tassel florets. We cloned the si3 gene using a map-based approach. Functional analysis reveals that SI3 is a nuclear protein and may act as a transcriptional regulator. Transcriptome analysis reveals that the ectopic expression of si3 strongly represses multiple biological processes, especially the flower development pathways. RNA in situ hybridization similarly shows that the expression patterns of genes responsible for flower development are changed in the Si3 mutant. In addition, the homeostasis of jasmonic acid and gibberellic acid are altered in the Si3 young tassels, and application of exogenous jasmonic acid can rescue the sex reversal phenotype of Si3 The defects we characterized in various regulatory pathways can explain the complex phenotypes of Si3 mutant, and this study deepens our knowledge of maize inflorescence development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dexuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mujiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changfa Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zheng C, Shen F, Wang Y, Wu T, Xu X, Zhang X, Han Z. Intricate genetic variation networks control the adventitious root growth angle in apple. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:852. [PMID: 33261554 PMCID: PMC7709433 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The root growth angle (RGA) typically determines plant rooting depth, which is significant for plant anchorage and abiotic stress tolerance. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for RGA have been identified in crops. However, the underlying mechanisms of the RGA remain poorly understood, especially in apple rootstocks. The objective of this study was to identify QTLs, validate genetic variation networks, and develop molecular markers for the RGA in apple rootstock. Results Bulked segregant analysis by sequencing (BSA-seq) identified 25 QTLs for RGA using 1955 hybrids of the apple rootstock cultivars ‘Baleng Crab’ (Malus robusta Rehd., large RGA) and ‘M9’ (M. pumila Mill., small RGA). With RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and parental resequencing, six major functional genes were identified and constituted two genetic variation networks for the RGA. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MdLAZY1 promoter damaged the binding sites of MdDREB2A and MdHSFB3, while one SNP of MdDREB2A and MdIAA1 affected the interactions of MdDREB2A/MdHSFB3 and MdIAA1/MdLAZY1, respectively. A SNP within the MdNPR5 promoter damaged the interaction between MdNPR5 and MdLBD41, while one SNP of MdLBD41 interrupted the MdLBD41/MdbHLH48 interaction that affected the binding ability of MdLBD41 on the MdNPR5 promoter. Twenty six SNP markers were designed on candidate genes in each QTL interval, and the marker effects varied from 0.22°-26.11°. Conclusions Six diagnostic markers, SNP592, G122, b13, Z312, S1272, and S1288, were used to identify two intricate genetic variation networks that control the RGA and may provide new insights into the accuracy of the molecular markers. The QTLs and SNP markers can potentially be used to select deep-rooted apple rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei Shen
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Sun H, Wang C, Chen X, Liu H, Huang Y, Li S, Dong Z, Zhao X, Tian F, Jin W. dlf1 promotes floral transition by directly activating ZmMADS4 and ZmMADS67 in the maize shoot apex. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1386-1400. [PMID: 32579713 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The floral transition of the maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) shoot apical meristem determines leaf number and flowering time, which are key traits influencing local adaptation and yield potential. dlf1 (delayed flowering1) encodes a basic leucine zipper protein that interacts with the florigen ZCN8 to mediate floral induction in the shoot apex. However, the mechanism of how dlf1 promotes floral transition remains largely unknown. We demonstrate that dlf1 underlies qLB7-1, a quantitative trait locus controlling leaf number and flowering time that was identified in a BC2 S3 population derived from a cross between maize and its wild ancestor, teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis). Transcriptome sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing demonstrated that DLF1 binds the core promoter of two AP1/FUL subfamily MADS-box genes, ZmMADS4 and ZmMADS67, to activate their expression. Knocking out ZmMADS4 and ZmMADS67 both increased leaf number and delayed flowering, indicating that they promote the floral transition. Nucleotide diversity analysis revealed that dlf1 and ZmMADS67 were targeted by selection, suggesting that they may have played important roles in maize flowering time adaptation. We show that dlf1 promotes maize floral transition by directly activating ZmMADS4 and ZmMADS67 in the shoot apex, providing novel insights into the mechanism of maize floral transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Suxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Su SH, Keith MA, Masson PH. Gravity Signaling in Flowering Plant Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1290. [PMID: 33003550 PMCID: PMC7601833 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Roots typically grow downward into the soil where they anchor the plant and take up water and nutrients necessary for plant growth and development. While the primary roots usually grow vertically downward, laterals often follow a gravity set point angle that allows them to explore the surrounding environment. These responses can be modified by developmental and environmental cues. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms that govern root gravitropism in flowering plant roots. In this system, the primary site of gravity sensing within the root cap is physically separated from the site of curvature response at the elongation zone. Gravity sensing involves the sedimentation of starch-filled plastids (statoliths) within the columella cells of the root cap (the statocytes), which triggers a relocalization of plasma membrane-associated PIN auxin efflux facilitators to the lower side of the cell. This process is associated with the recruitment of RLD regulators of vesicular trafficking to the lower membrane by LAZY proteins. PIN relocalization leads to the formation of a lateral gradient of auxin across the root cap. Upon transmission to the elongation zone, this auxin gradient triggers a downward curvature. We review the molecular mechanisms that control this process in primary roots and discuss recent insights into the regulation of oblique growth in lateral roots and its impact on root-system architecture, soil exploration and plant adaptation to stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick H. Masson
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425G Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.-H.S.); (M.A.K.)
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Necrotic upper tips1 mimics heat and drought stress and encodes a protoxylem-specific transcription factor in maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20908-20919. [PMID: 32778598 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005014117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining sufficient water transport during flowering is essential for proper organ growth, fertilization, and yield. Water deficits that coincide with flowering result in leaf wilting, necrosis, tassel browning, and sterility, a stress condition known as "tassel blasting." We identified a mutant, necrotic upper tips1 (nut1), that mimics tassel blasting and drought stress and reveals the genetic mechanisms underlying these processes. The nut1 phenotype is evident only after the floral transition, and the mutants have difficulty moving water as shown by dye uptake and movement assays. These defects are correlated with reduced protoxylem vessel thickness that indirectly affects metaxylem cell wall integrity and function in the mutant. nut1 is caused by an Ac transposon insertion into the coding region of a unique NAC transcription factor within the VND clade of Arabidopsis NUT1 localizes to the developing protoxylem of root, stem, and leaf sheath, but not metaxylem, and its expression is induced by flowering. NUT1 downstream target genes function in cell wall biosynthesis, apoptosis, and maintenance of xylem cell wall thickness and strength. These results show that maintaining protoxylem vessel integrity during periods of high water movement requires the expression of specialized, dynamically regulated transcription factors within the vasculature.
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