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Herold L, Choi S, He SY, Zipfel C. The conserved AvrE family of bacterial effectors: functions and targets during pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00222-1. [PMID: 39278787 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
The AvrE family of type III secreted effectors are highly conserved among many agriculturally important phytopathogenic bacteria. Despite their critical roles in the pathogenesis of phytopathogenic bacteria, the molecular functions and virulence mechanisms of these effectors have been largely unknown. However, recent studies have identified host-interacting proteins and demonstrated that AvrE family effectors can form water-permeable channels in the plant plasma membrane (PM) to create a hydrated and nutrient-rich extracellular space (apoplast) required for disease establishment. Here, we summarize these recent discoveries and highlight open questions related to AvrE-targeted host proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Herold
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sera Choi
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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2
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Du C, Liu M, Yan Y, Guo X, Cao X, Jiao Y, Zheng J, Ma Y, Xie Y, Li H, Yang C, Gao C, Zhao Q, Zhang Z. The U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase PUB35 negatively regulates ABA signaling through AFP1-mediated degradation of ABI5. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3277-3297. [PMID: 38924024 PMCID: PMC11371175 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling is crucial for plant responses to various abiotic stresses. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transcription factor ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) is a central regulator of ABA signaling. ABI5 BINDING PROTEIN 1 (AFP1) interacts with ABI5 and facilitates its 26S-proteasome-mediated degradation, although the detailed mechanism has remained unclear. Here, we report that an ABA-responsive U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, PLANT U-BOX 35 (PUB35), physically interacts with AFP1 and ABI5. PUB35 directly ubiquitinated ABI5 in a bacterially reconstituted ubiquitination system and promoted ABI5 protein degradation in vivo. ABI5 degradation was enhanced by AFP1 in response to ABA treatment. Phosphorylation of the T201 and T206 residues in ABI5 disrupted the ABI5-AFP1 interaction and affected the ABI5-PUB35 interaction and PUB35-mediated degradation of ABI5 in vivo. Genetic analysis of seed germination and seedling growth showed that pub35 mutants were hypersensitive to ABA as well as to salinity and osmotic stresses, whereas PUB35 overexpression lines were hyposensitive. Moreover, abi5 was epistatic to pub35, whereas the pub35-2 afp1-1 double mutant showed a similar ABA response to the two single mutants. Together, our results reveal a PUB35-AFP1 module involved in fine-tuning ABA signaling through ubiquitination and 26S-proteasome-mediated degradation of ABI5 during seed germination and seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yujie Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiuping Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuzhe Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiexuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yanchun Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qingzhen Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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3
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Yang F, Zhao LL, Song LQ, Han Y, You CX, An JP. Apple E3 ligase MdPUB23 mediates ubiquitin-dependent degradation of MdABI5 to delay ABA-triggered leaf senescence. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae029. [PMID: 38585016 PMCID: PMC10995623 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) is a core regulatory factor that mediates the ABA signaling response and leaf senescence. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic regulation of leaf senescence by ABI5 with interacting partners and the homeostasis of ABI5 in the ABA signaling response remain to be further investigated. In this study, we found that the accelerated effect of MdABI5 on leaf senescence is partly dependent on MdbHLH93, an activator of leaf senescence in apple. MdABI5 directly interacted with MdbHLH93 and improved the transcriptional activation of the senescence-associated gene MdSAG18 by MdbHLH93. MdPUB23, a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, physically interacted with MdABI5 and delayed ABA-triggered leaf senescence. Genetic and biochemical analyses suggest that MdPUB23 inhibited MdABI5-promoted leaf premature senescence by targeting MdABI5 for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. In conclusion, our results verify that MdABI5 accelerates leaf senescence through the MdABI5-MdbHLH93-MdSAG18 regulatory module, and MdPUB23 is responsible for the dynamic regulation of ABA-triggered leaf senescence by modulating the homeostasis of MdABI5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhao
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yan-Tai 265599, Shandong, China
| | - Lai-Qing Song
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yan-Tai 265599, Shandong, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Ping An
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Ma J, Geng Y, Liu H, Zhang M, Liu S, Hao C, Hou J, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Zhang W, Zhang X, Li T. TaTIP41 and TaTAP46 positively regulate drought tolerance in wheat by inhibiting PP2A activity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2056-2070. [PMID: 37310066 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental stress limiting global wheat (Triticum aestivum) production. Exploring drought tolerance genes is important for improving drought adaptation in this crop. Here, we cloned and characterized TaTIP41, a novel drought tolerance gene in wheat. TaTIP41 is a putative conserved component of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling, and the TaTIP41 homoeologs were expressed in response to drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA). The overexpression of TaTIP41 enhanced drought tolerance and the ABA response, including ABA-induced stomatal closure, while its downregulation using RNA interference (RNAi) had the opposite effect. Furthermore, TaTIP41 physically interacted with TaTAP46, another conserved component of TOR signaling. Like TaTIP41, TaTAP46 positively regulated drought tolerance. Furthermore, TaTIP41 and TaTAP46 interacted with type-2A protein phosphatase (PP2A) catalytic subunits, such as TaPP2A-2, and inhibited their enzymatic activities. Silencing TaPP2A-2 improved drought tolerance in wheat. Together, our findings provide new insights into the roles of TaTIP41 and TaTAP46 in the drought tolerance and ABA response in wheat, and their potential application in improving wheat environmental adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yuke Geng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Youfu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Daijing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Née G, Krüger T. Dry side of the core: a meta-analysis addressing the original nature of the ABA signalosome at the onset of seed imbibition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1192652. [PMID: 37476171 PMCID: PMC10354442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The timing of seedling emergence is a major agricultural and ecological fitness trait, and seed germination is controlled by a complex molecular network including phytohormone signalling. One such phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA), controls a large array of stress and developmental processes, and researchers have long known it plays a crucial role in repressing germination. Although the main molecular components of the ABA signalling pathway have now been identified, the molecular mechanisms through which ABA elicits specific responses in distinct organs is still enigmatic. To address the fundamental characteristics of ABA signalling during germination, we performed a meta-analysis focusing on the Arabidopsis dry seed proteome as a reflexion basis. We combined cutting-edge proteome studies, comparative functional analyses, and protein interaction information with genetic and physiological data to redefine the singular composition and operation of the ABA core signalosome from the onset of seed imbibition. In addition, we performed a literature survey to integrate peripheral regulators present in seeds that directly regulate core component function. Although this may only be the tip of the iceberg, this extended model of ABA signalling in seeds already depicts a highly flexible system able to integrate a multitude of information to fine-tune the progression of germination.
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Seo DY, Park M, Park JI, Kim JK, Yum S, Kim YJ. Transcriptomic Changes Induced by Low and High Concentrations of Heavy Metal Exposure in Ulva pertusa. TOXICS 2023; 11:549. [PMID: 37505515 PMCID: PMC10383703 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The impact of sewage and wastewater pollution on marine ecosystems is of increasing concern due to the rapid accumulation of heavy metals in seaweeds inhabiting near-shore environments. Seaweeds can be severely damaged by heavy metals throughout their life cycles. Although the physiological and ecological effects of heavy metal exposure have been studied, there is limited research on their molecular responses. Ulva pertusa is a prevalent seaweed species in South Korea and is ecologically significant in coastal ecosystems. We utilized high-throughput RNA sequencing to analyze changes in the transcriptome profiles of U. pertusa under low concentrations of heavy metals (MPS) and high concentrations of copper (MPS-Cu) and cadmium (MPS-Cd). Differential gene expression analysis revealed that 53 (control vs. MPS), 27 (MPS vs. MPS-Cd), and 725 (MPS vs. MPS-Cu) genes were expressed differentially. Differentially expressed genes identified in our study included those with protective roles against oxidative stress and those involved in metal transport to the vacuole. Furthermore, exposure to heavy metal stress had a negative impact on the photosynthetic apparatus structural proteins of U. pertusa, resulting in photosynthetic inhibition. Moreover, exposure to high concentrations of copper resulted in the activation of carbon-related metabolism. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying heavy metal toxicity in U. pertusa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Seo
- Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-In Park
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang K Kim
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungshic Yum
- Ecological Risk Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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7
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Xiong F, Tian J, Wei Z, Deng K, Li Y, Zhang Y. Suppression of the target of rapamycin kinase accelerates tomato fruit ripening through reprogramming the transcription profile and promoting ethylene biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2603-2619. [PMID: 36786543 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tomato fruit ripening is a unique process of nutritional and energy metabolism. Target of rapamycin (TOR), a conserved serine/threonine protein kinase in eukaryotes, controls cell growth and metabolism by integrating nutrient, energy, and hormone signals. However, it remains unclear whether TOR participates in the modulation of tomato fruit ripening. Here, we showed that the manipulation of SlTOR by chemical or genetic methods greatly alters the process of tomato fruit maturation. Expression pattern analysis revealed that the transcripts of SlTOR declined as fruit ripening progressed. Moreover, suppression of SlTOR by TOR inhibitor AZD8055 or knock down of its transcripts by inducible RNA interference, accelerated fruit ripening, and led to overall effects on fruit maturity, including changes in colour and metabolism, fruit softening, and expression of ripening-related genes. Genome-wide transcription analysis indicated that silencing SlTOR reprogrammed the transcript profile associated with ripening, including cell wall and phytohormone pathways, elevated the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes, and further promoted ethylene production. In contrast, the ethylene action inhibitor 1-MCP efficiently blocked fruit maturation, even following SlTOR inhibition. These results suggest that accelerated fruit ripening caused by SlTOR inhibition depends on ethylene, and that SlTOR may function as a regulator in ethylene metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Xiong
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jianwei Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wei
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Kexuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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8
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Saini LK, Bheri M, Pandey GK. Protein phosphatases and their targets: Comprehending the interactions in plant signaling pathways. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:307-370. [PMID: 36858740 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a vital reversible post-translational modification. This process is established by two classes of enzymes: protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Protein kinases phosphorylate proteins while protein phosphatases dephosphorylate phosphorylated proteins, thus, functioning as 'critical regulators' in signaling pathways. The eukaryotic protein phosphatases are classified as phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP), metallo-dependent protein phosphatases (PPM), protein tyrosine (Tyr) phosphatases (PTP), and aspartate (Asp)-dependent phosphatases. The PPP and PPM families are serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) specific phosphatases (STPs) that dephosphorylate Ser and Thr residues. The PTP family dephosphorylates Tyr residues while dual-specificity phosphatases (DsPTPs/DSPs) dephosphorylate Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. The composition of these enzymes as well as their substrate specificity are important determinants of their functional significance in a number of cellular processes and stress responses. Their role in animal systems is well-understood and characterized. The functional characterization of protein phosphatases has been extensively covered in plants, although the comprehension of their mechanistic basis is an ongoing pursuit. The nature of their interactions with other key players in the signaling process is vital to our understanding. The substrates or targets determine their potential as well as magnitude of the impact they have on signaling pathways. In this article, we exclusively overview the various substrates of protein phosphatases in plant signaling pathways, which are a critical determinant of the outcome of various developmental and stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh K Saini
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India.
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9
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Roussin-Léveillée C, Lajeunesse G, St-Amand M, Veerapen VP, Silva-Martins G, Nomura K, Brassard S, Bolaji A, He SY, Moffett P. Evolutionarily conserved bacterial effectors hijack abscisic acid signaling to induce an aqueous environment in the apoplast. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:489-501.e4. [PMID: 35247330 PMCID: PMC9012689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High atmospheric humidity levels profoundly impact host-pathogen interactions in plants by enabling the establishment of an aqueous living space that benefits pathogens. The effectors HopM1 and AvrE1 of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae have been shown to induce an aqueous apoplast under such conditions. However, the mechanisms by which this happens remain unknown. Here, we show that HopM1 and AvrE1 work redundantly to establish an aqueous living space by inducing a major reprogramming of the Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome landscape. These effectors induce a strong abscisic acid (ABA) signature, which promotes stomatal closure, resulting in reduced leaf transpiration and water-soaking lesions. Furthermore, these effectors preferentially increase ABA accumulation in guard cells, which control stomatal aperture. Notably, a guard-cell-specific ABA transporter, ABCG40, is necessary for HopM1 induction of water-soaking lesions. This study provides molecular insights into a chain of events of stomatal manipulation that create an ideal microenvironment to facilitate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaële Lajeunesse
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Méliane St-Amand
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Kinya Nomura
- Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sandrine Brassard
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ayooluwa Bolaji
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter Moffett
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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10
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Zhu X, Shen G, Wijewardene I, Cai Y, Esmaeili N, Sun L, Zhang H. The B'ζ subunit of protein phosphatase 2A negatively regulates ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:81-91. [PMID: 34773805 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is a major plant hormone that regulates plant growth, development, and defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The major pieces of the ethylene signaling pathway have been put together, although several details still need to be elucidated. For instance, the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation processes controlling the ethylene responses are poorly understood and need to be further explored. The type 2A protein phosphatase (PP2A) was suggested to play an important role in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis, where the A1 subunit of PP2A was shown to be involved in the regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. However, whether other subunits of PP2A play roles in the ethylene signal transduction pathway is yet to be answered. In this study, we demonstrate that a B subunit, PP2A-B'ζ, positively regulates plant germination and seedling development, as a pp2a-b'ζ mutant is very sensitive to ethylene treatment. Furthermore, PP2A-B'ζ interacts with and stabilizes the kinase CTR1 (Constitutive Triple Response 1), a key enzyme in the ethylene signal transduction pathway, and like CTR1, PP2A-B'ζ negatively regulates ethylene signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunlu Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Inosha Wijewardene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Yifan Cai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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Hu J, Ren B, Dong S, Liu P, Zhao B, Zhang J. 6-Benzyladenine increasing subsequent waterlogging-induced waterlogging tolerance of summer maize by increasing hormone signal transduction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1509:89-112. [PMID: 34766352 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Summer maize is frequently subjected to waterlogging damage because of increased and variable rainfall during the growing season. The application of 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) can effectively mitigate the waterlogging effects on plant growth and increase the grain yield of waterlogged summer maize. However, the mechanisms underlying this process and the involvement of 6-BA in relevant signal transduction pathways remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of 6-BA on waterlogged summer maize using a phosphoproteomic technique to better understand the mechanism by which summer maize growth improves following waterlogging. Application of 6-BA inhibited the waterlogging-induced increase in abscisic acid (ABA) content and increased the phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in ABA signaling; accordingly, stomatal responsiveness to exogenous ABA increased. In addition, the application of 6-BA had a long-term effect on signal transduction pathways and contributed to rapid responses to subsequent stresses. Plants primed with 6-BA accumulated more ethylene and jasmonic acid in response to subsequent waterlogging; accordingly, leaf SPAD, antioxidase activity, and root traits improved by 6-BA priming. These results suggest that the effects of 6-BA on hormone signal transduction pathways are anamnestic, which enables plants to show faster or stronger defense responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baizhao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
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12
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Sirko A, Wawrzyńska A, Brzywczy J, Sieńko M. Control of ABA Signaling and Crosstalk with Other Hormones by the Selective Degradation of Pathway Components. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4638. [PMID: 33924944 PMCID: PMC8125534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and appropriate genetic and metabolic acclimation, which is crucial for plants' survival in a changing environment, is maintained due to the coordinated action of plant hormones and cellular degradation mechanisms influencing proteostasis. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) rapidly accumulates in plants in response to environmental stress and plays a pivotal role in the reaction to various stimuli. Increasing evidence demonstrates a significant role of autophagy in controlling ABA signaling. This field has been extensively investigated and new discoveries are constantly being provided. We present updated information on the components of the ABA signaling pathway, particularly on transcription factors modified by different E3 ligases. Then, we focus on the role of selective autophagy in ABA pathway control and review novel evidence on the involvement of autophagy in different parts of the ABA signaling pathway that are important for crosstalk with other hormones, particularly cytokinins and brassinosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sirko
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Wawrzyńska
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.S.)
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13
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Esmaeili N, Cai Y, Tang F, Zhu X, Smith J, Mishra N, Hequet E, Ritchie G, Jones D, Shen G, Payton P, Zhang H. Towards doubling fibre yield for cotton in the semiarid agricultural area by increasing tolerance to drought, heat and salinity simultaneously. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:462-476. [PMID: 32902115 PMCID: PMC7955890 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as extreme temperatures, water-deficit and salinity negatively affect plant growth and development, and cause significant yield losses. It was previously shown that co-overexpression of the Arabidopsis vacuolar pyrophosphatase gene AVP1 and the rice SUMO E3 ligase gene OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis significantly increased tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses and led to increased seed yield for plants grown under single or multiple abiotic stress conditions. It was hypothesized that there might be synergistic effects between AVP1 overexpression and OsSIZ1 overexpression, which could lead to substantially increased yields if these two genes are co-overexpressed in real crops. To test this hypothesis, AVP1 and OsSIZ1 were co-overexpressed in cotton, and the impact of OsSIZ1/AVP1 co-overexpression on cotton's performance under normal growth and multiple stress conditions were analysed. It was found that OsSIZ1/AVP1 co-overexpressing plants performed significantly better than AVP1-overexpressing, OsSIZ1-overexpressing and wild-type cotton plants under single, as well as under multiple stress conditions in laboratory and field conditions. Two field studies showed that OsSIZ1/AVP1 co-overexpressing plants produced 133% and 81% more fibre than wild-type cotton in the dryland conditions of West Texas. This research illustrates that co-overexpression of AVP1 and OsSIZ1 is a viable strategy for engineering abiotic stress-tolerant crops and could substantially improve crop yields in low input or marginal environments, providing a solution for food security for countries in arid and semiarid regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | - Yifan Cai
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | - Feiyu Tang
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xunlu Zhu
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | - Jennifer Smith
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | - Neelam Mishra
- St. Joseph's College AutonomousBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Eric Hequet
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | - Glen Ritchie
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | | | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Paxton Payton
- USDA‐ARS Cropping Systems Research LaboratoryLubbockTXUSA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
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14
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An JP, Zhang XW, Liu YJ, Zhang JC, Wang XF, You CX, Hao YJ. MdABI5 works with its interaction partners to regulate abscisic acid-mediated leaf senescence in apple. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1566-1581. [PMID: 33314379 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) induces chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence; however, the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood, especially in woody plants. In this study, we found that MdABI5 plays an essential role in the regulation of ABA-triggered leaf senescence in Malus domestica (apple). Through yeast screening, three transcription factors, MdBBX22, MdWRKY40 and MdbZIP44, were found to interact directly with MdABI5 in vitro and in vivo. Physiological and biochemical assays showed that MdBBX22 delayed leaf senescence in two pathways. First, MdBBX22 interacted with MdABI5 to inhibit the transcriptional activity of MdABI5 on the chlorophyll catabolic genes MdNYE1 and MdNYC1, thus negatively regulating chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence. Second, MdBBX22 interacted with MdHY5 to interfere with the transcriptional activation of MdHY5 on MdABI5, thereby inhibiting the expression of MdABI5, which also contributed to the delay of leaf senescence. MdWRKY40 and MdbZIP44 were identified as positive regulators of leaf senescence. They accelerated MdABI5-promoted leaf senescence through the same regulatory pathways, i.e., interacting with MdABI5 to enhance the transcriptional activity of MdABI5 on MdNYE1 and MdNYC1. Taken together, our results suggest that MdABI5 works with its positive or negative interaction partners to regulate ABA-mediated leaf senescence in apple, in which it acts as a core regulator. The antagonistic regulation pathways ensure that plants respond to external stresses flexibly and efficiently. Our results provide a concept for further study on the regulation mechanisms of leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jiu-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
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15
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Yu F, Li M, He D, Yang P. Advances on Post-translational Modifications Involved in Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642979. [PMID: 33828574 PMCID: PMC8020409 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment are important developmental processes that undergo extremely complex changes of physiological status and are precisely regulated at transcriptional and translational levels. Phytohormones including abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) are the critical signaling molecules that modulate the alteration from relative quiescent to a highly active state in seeds. Transcription factors such as ABA insensitive5 (ABI5) and DELLA domain-containing proteins play the central roles in response to ABA and GA, respectively, which antagonize each other during seed germination. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the regulations at translational and post-translational levels, especially post-translational modifications (PTMs), play a decisive role in seed germination. Specifically, phosphorylation and ubiquitination were shown to be involved in regulating the function of ABI5. In this review, we summarized the latest advancement on the function of PTMs involved in the regulation of seed germination, in which the PTMs for ABI5- and DELLA-containing proteins play the key roles. Meanwhile, the studies on PTM-based proteomics during seed germination and the crosstalk of different PTMs are also discussed. Hopefully, it will facilitate in obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the physiological functions of different PTMs in seed germination.
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16
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Jia P, Xing L, Zhang C, Zhang D, Ma J, Zhao C, Han M, Ren X, An N. MdKNOX19, a class II knotted-like transcription factor of apple, plays roles in ABA signalling/sensitivity by targeting ABI5 during organ development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110701. [PMID: 33288014 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ABI5 transcription factor, which is a core component of the ABA signaling pathway, affects various plant processes, including seed development and germination and responses to environmental cues. The knotted1-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factor has crucial functions related to plant development, including the regulation of various hormones. In this study, an ABA-responsive KNOX gene, MdKNOX19, was identified in apple (Malus domestica). The overexpression of MdKNOX19 increased the ABA sensitivity of apple calli, resulting in a dramatic up-regulation in the transcription of the Arabidopsis ABI5-like MdABI5 gene. Additionally, MdKNOX19 overexpression in Micro-Tom adversely affected fruit size and seed yield as well as enhanced ABA sensitivity and up-regulated SlABI5 transcription during seed germination and early seedling development. An examination of MdKNOX19-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants also revealed severe defects in seed development and up-regulated expression of ABA-responsive genes. Furthermore, we further confirmed that MdKNOX19 binds directly to the MdABI5 promoter to activate expression. Our findings suggest MdKNOX19 is a positive regulator of ABI5 expression, and the conserved module MdKNOX19-MdABI5-ABA may contribute to organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Na An
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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17
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Deng K, Wang W, Feng L, Yin H, Xiong F, Ren M. Target of rapamycin regulates potassium uptake in Arabidopsis and potato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:357-366. [PMID: 32798904 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential inorganic nutrient needed by plants for their growth and development. The conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a well-known nutrition signaling integrator, has crucial roles in regulating growth and development in all eukaryotes. Emerging evidence suggests that TOR is a core regulator of nutrient absorption and utilization in plants. However, it is still unclear whether there is a causative link between the TOR pathway and potassium absorption. Here, we show that the expression of some potassium transporters and channels was regulated by TOR, and the suppression of TOR activity significantly affected potassium uptake in Arabidopsis and potato. Furthermore, we discovered that a Type 2A phosphatase-associated protein of 46 kDa (TAP46), a direct TOR downstream effector, could interact with CBL-interacting protein kinase 23 (CIPK23) in Arabidopsis and potato. In Arabidopsis, the K+ channel AKT1 conducting K+ uptake was significantly regulated by Calcineurin B-like Calcium Sensor Protein 1/9 (CBL1/9)-CIPK23 modules. We found that the cbl1cbl9, cipk23 (lks1-2 and lks1-3), and akt1 mutants were more hyposensitive to the TOR inhibitor than the wild-type, and the TOR inhibitor induced the downregulation of K+ uptake rate in the wild-type more than in these mutants. In addition, the overexpression of CIPK23 could effectively restore the defects in growth and potassium uptake induced by the TOR inhibitors. Thus, our work reveals a link between TOR signaling and CIPK23 and provides new insight into the regulation of potassium uptake in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wanjing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Li Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Huan Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Fangjie Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China.
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18
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Huarte HR, Puglia GD, Prjibelski AD, Raccuia SA. Seed Transcriptome Annotation Reveals Enhanced Expression of Genes Related to ROS Homeostasis and Ethylene Metabolism at Alternating Temperatures in Wild Cardoon. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091225. [PMID: 32961840 PMCID: PMC7570316 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The association among environmental cues, ethylene response, ABA signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in the process of seed dormancy release is nowadays well-established in many species. Alternating temperatures are recognized as one of the main environmental signals determining dormancy release, but their underlying mechanisms are scarcely known. Dry after-ripened wild cardoon achenes germinated poorly at a constant temperature of 20, 15, or 10 °C, whereas germination was stimulated by 80% at alternating temperatures of 20/10 °C. Using an RNA-Seq approach, we identified 23,640 and annotated 14,078 gene transcripts expressed in dry achenes and achenes exposed to constant or alternating temperatures. Transcriptional patterns identified in dry condition included seed reserve and response to dehydration stress genes (i.e., HSPs, peroxidases, and LEAs). At a constant temperature, we observed an upregulation of ABA biosynthesis genes (i.e., NCED9), ABA-responsive genes (i.e., ABI5 and TAP), as well as other genes previously related to physiological dormancy and inhibition of germination. However, the alternating temperatures were associated with the upregulation of ethylene metabolism (i.e., ACO1, 4, and ACS10) and signaling (i.e., EXPs) genes and ROS homeostasis regulators genes (i.e., RBOH and CAT). Accordingly, the ethylene production was twice as high at alternating than at constant temperatures. The presence in the germination medium of ethylene or ROS synthesis and signaling inhibitors reduced significantly, but not completely, germination at 20/10 °C. Conversely, the presence of methyl viologen and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), a peroxidase inhibitor, partially increased germination at constant temperature. Taken together, the present study provides the first insights into the gene expression patterns and physiological response associated with dormancy release at alternating temperatures in wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector R. Huarte
- CONICET/Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Lomas de Zamora, 1836 Llavallol, Argentina;
| | - Giuseppe. D. Puglia
- Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFoM), Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science (DiSBA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Empedocle, 58, 95128 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0956139914
| | - Andrey D. Prjibelski
- Center for Algorithmic Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Salvatore A. Raccuia
- Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFoM), Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science (DiSBA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Empedocle, 58, 95128 Catania, Italy;
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19
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Wijewardene I, Mishra N, Sun L, Smith J, Zhu X, Payton P, Shen G, Zhang H. Improving drought-, salinity-, and heat-tolerance in transgenic plants by co-overexpressing Arabidopsis vacuolar pyrophosphatase gene AVP1 and Larrea Rubisco activase gene RCA. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110499. [PMID: 32540017 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The severity and frequency of many abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and heat, cause substantial crop losses worldwide, which poses a serious challenge in food security. To increase crop production, new approaches are needed. Previous research has shown that overexpression of the tonoplast H+ pyrophosphatase gene AVP1 leads to improved drought and salt tolerance in transgenic plants. Other research showed that overexpression of thermotolerant ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase gene could maintain photosynthesis at higher temperatures, which contributes to higher heat tolerance in transgenic plants. In nature, abiotic stresses rarely come alone, instead these stresses often occur in various combinations. Therefore, it is desirable to make crops more tolerant to multiple stresses, which will likely lead to higher crop yield under various stress conditions. It is shown here that co-overexpression of the Arabidopsis gene AVP1 and the Larrea Rubisco activase gene RCA significantly increases drought, salinity and heat tolerance, resulting in higher biomass and seed yield than wild-type plants. AVP1/RCA co-overexpressing plants are as more drought- and salt-tolerant as AVP1-overexpressing plants, and as more heat-tolerant as RCA-overexpressing plants. More importantly, they produce higher seed yields than AVP1-overexpressing, RCA-overexpressing, and wild-type plants under combined drought and heat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inosha Wijewardene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Neelam Mishra
- St. Joseph's College Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560027, India
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Jennifer Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Xunlu Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Paxton Payton
- USDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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20
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Carrera-Castaño G, Calleja-Cabrera J, Pernas M, Gómez L, Oñate-Sánchez L. An Updated Overview on the Regulation of Seed Germination. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060703. [PMID: 32492790 PMCID: PMC7356954 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a seed to germinate and establish a plant at the right time of year is of vital importance from an ecological and economical point of view. Due to the fragility of these early growth stages, their swiftness and robustness will impact later developmental stages and crop yield. These traits are modulated by a continuous interaction between the genetic makeup of the plant and the environment from seed production to germination stages. In this review, we have summarized the established knowledge on the control of seed germination from a molecular and a genetic perspective. This serves as a “backbone” to integrate the latest developments in the field. These include the link of germination to events occurring in the mother plant influenced by the environment, the impact of changes in the chromatin landscape, the discovery of new players and new insights related to well-known master regulators. Finally, results from recent studies on hormone transport, signaling, and biophysical and mechanical tissue properties are underscoring the relevance of tissue-specific regulation and the interplay of signals in this crucial developmental process.
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21
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Zhuo F, Xiong F, Deng K, Li Z, Ren M. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) Negatively Regulates Ethylene Signals in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2680. [PMID: 32290539 PMCID: PMC7215648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) acts as a master regulator in coordination of cell growth with energy and nutrient availability. Despite the increased appreciation of the essential role of the TOR complex in interaction with phytohormone signaling, little is known about its function on ethylene signaling. Here, through expression analysis, genetic and biochemical approaches, we reveal that TOR functions in the regulation of ethylene signals. Transcriptional analysis indicates that TOR inhibition by AZD8055 upregulated senescence- and ethylene-related genes expression. Furthermore, ethylene insensitive mutants like etr1-1, ein2-5 and ein3 eil1, showed more hyposensitivity to AZD8055 than that of WT in hypocotyl growth inhibition. Similarly, blocking ethylene signals by ethylene action inhibitor Ag+ or biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) largely rescued hypocotyl growth even in presence of AZD8055. In addition, we also demonstrated that Type 2A phosphatase-associated protein of 46 kDa (TAP46), a downstream component of TOR signaling, physically interacts with 1-aminocy-clopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase ACS2 and ACS6. Arabidopsis overexpressing ACS2 or ACS6 showed more hypersensitivity to AZD8055 than WT in hypocotyl growth inhibition. Moreover, ACS2/ACS6 protein was accumulated under TOR suppression, implying TOR modulates ACC synthase protein levels. Taken together, our results indicate that TOR participates in negatively modulating ethylene signals and the molecular mechanism is likely involved in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis by affecting ACSs in transcription and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Zhuo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (F.Z.); (F.X.); (K.D.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fangjie Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (F.Z.); (F.X.); (K.D.)
| | - Kexuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (F.Z.); (F.X.); (K.D.)
| | - Zhengguo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (F.Z.); (F.X.); (K.D.)
| | - Maozhi Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (F.Z.); (F.X.); (K.D.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 455001, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China
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22
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Fu L, Wang P, Xiong Y. Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Plant Stress Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1613-1623. [PMID: 31949028 PMCID: PMC7140942 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is an atypical Ser/Thr protein kinase that is evolutionally conserved among yeasts, plants, and mammals. In plants, TOR signaling functions as a central hub to integrate different kinds of nutrient, energy, hormone, and environmental signals. TOR thereby orchestrates every stage of plant life, from embryogenesis, meristem activation, root, and leaf growth to flowering, senescence, and life span determination. Besides its essential role in the control of plant growth and development, recent research has also shed light on its multifaceted roles in plant environmental stress responses. Here, we review recent findings on the involvement of TOR signaling in plant adaptation to nutrient deficiency and various abiotic stresses. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying how plants cope with such unfavorable conditions via TOR-abscisic acid crosstalk and TOR-mediated autophagy, both of which play crucial roles in plant stress responses. Until now, little was known about the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of TOR in plant stress responses. We propose that the Snf1-related protein kinase-TOR axis plays a role in sensing various stress signals, and predict the key downstream effectors based on recent high-throughput proteomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Fu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Centre, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Shanghai Centre for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Centre, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province 350002, People's Republic of China
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StABI5 Involved in the Regulation of Chloroplast Development and Photosynthesis in Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031068. [PMID: 32041112 PMCID: PMC7036812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) insensitive 5 (ABI5)—a core transcription factor of the ABA signaling pathway—is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that plays a key role in the regulation of seed germination and early seedling growth. ABI5 interacts with other phytohormone signals to regulate plant growth and development, and stress responses in Arabidopsis, but little is known about the functions of ABI5 in potatoes. Here, we find that StABI5 is involved in the regulation of chloroplast development and photosynthesis. Genetic analysis indicates that StABI5 overexpression transgenic potato lines accelerate dark-induced leaf yellowing and senescence. The chlorophyll contents of overexpressed StABI5 transgenic potato lines were significantly decreased in comparison to those of wild-type Desiree potatoes under dark conditions. Additionally, the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis shows that many metabolic processes are changed in overexpressed StABI5 transgenic potatoes. Most of the genes involved in photosynthesis and carbon fixation are significantly down-regulated, especially the chlorophyll a-b binding protein, photosystem I, and photosystem II. These observations indicate that StABI5 negatively regulates chloroplast development and photosynthesis, and provides some insights into the functions of StABI5 in regard to potato growth.
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Li Y, Wang Y, Tan S, Li Z, Yuan Z, Glanc M, Domjan D, Wang K, Xuan W, Guo Y, Gong Z, Friml J, Zhang J. Root Growth Adaptation is Mediated by PYLs ABA Receptor-PP2A Protein Phosphatase Complex. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901455. [PMID: 32042554 PMCID: PMC7001640 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant root architecture dynamically adapts to various environmental conditions, such as salt-containing soil. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved among others also in these developmental adaptations, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, a novel branch of the ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis involving PYR/PYL/RCAR (abbreviated as PYLs) receptor-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex that acts in parallel to the canonical PYLs-protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) mechanism is identified. The PYLs-PP2A signaling modulates root gravitropism and lateral root formation through regulating phytohormone auxin transport. In optimal conditions, PYLs ABA receptor interacts with the catalytic subunits of PP2A, increasing their phosphatase activity and thus counteracting PINOID (PID) kinase-mediated phosphorylation of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transporters. By contrast, in salt and osmotic stress conditions, ABA binds to PYLs, inhibiting the PP2A activity, which leads to increased PIN phosphorylation and consequently modulated directional auxin transport leading to adapted root architecture. This work reveals an adaptive mechanism that may flexibly adjust plant root growth to withstand saline and osmotic stresses. It occurs via the cross-talk between the stress hormone ABA and the versatile developmental regulator auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaAm Campus 13400KlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Matouš Glanc
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaAm Campus 13400KlosterneuburgAustria
| | - David Domjan
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaAm Campus 13400KlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaAm Campus 13400KlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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Co-overexpression of AVP1 and OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis substantially enhances plant tolerance to drought, salt, and heat stresses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7642. [PMID: 31113977 PMCID: PMC6529626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as water deficit, salt, and heat are major environmental factors that negatively affect plant growth, development, and productivity. Previous studies showed that overexpression of the Arabidopsis vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase gene AVP1 increases salt and water deficit stress tolerance and overexpression of the rice SUMO E3 ligase gene OsSIZ1 improves heat and water deficit stress tolerance in transgenic plants. In this report, the effects of co-overexpression of AVP1 and OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis on abiotic stress tolerance were studied. It was found that AVP1/OsSIZ1 co-overexpressing plants performed significantly better than AVP1-overexpressing plants and OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants, and produced 100% more seed than wild-type plants under single stress or multiple stress conditions. The increased stress tolerance in AVP1/OsSIZ1 co-overexpressing plants was substantially larger than the increased stress tolerance in AVP1-overexpressing plants and OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants under every abiotic stress condition tested. This research provides the proof-of-concept that crop yields might be substantially improved using this approach.
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Jamsheer K M, Jindal S, Laxmi A. Evolution of TOR-SnRK dynamics in green plants and its integration with phytohormone signaling networks. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2239-2259. [PMID: 30870564 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR)-sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) signaling is an ancient regulatory mechanism that originated in eukaryotes to regulate nutrient-dependent growth. Although the TOR-SnRK1 signaling cascade shows highly conserved functions among eukaryotes, studies in the past two decades have identified many important plant-specific innovations in this pathway. Plants also possess SnRK2 and SnRK3 kinases, which originated from the ancient SnRK1-related kinases and have specialized roles in controlling growth, stress responses and nutrient homeostasis in plants. Recently, an integrative picture has started to emerge in which different SnRKs and TOR kinase are highly interconnected to control nutrient and stress responses of plants. Further, these kinases are intimately involved with phytohormone signaling networks that originated at different stages of plant evolution. In this review, we highlight the evolution and divergence of TOR-SnRK signaling components in plants and their communication with each other as well as phytohormone signaling to fine-tune growth and stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Jamsheer K
- Amity Food & Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sunita Jindal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Bheri M, Pandey GK. PP2A Phosphatases Take a Giant Leap in the Post-Genomics Era. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:154-171. [PMID: 31929724 PMCID: PMC6935955 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666190517110605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphorylation is an important reversible post-translational modifica-tion, which regulates a number of critical cellular processes. Phosphatases and kinases work in a con-certed manner to act as a "molecular switch" that turns-on or - off the regulatory processes driving the growth and development under normal circumstances, as well as responses to multiple stresses in plant system. The era of functional genomics has ushered huge amounts of information to the framework of plant systems. The comprehension of who's who in the signaling pathways is becoming clearer and the investigations challenging the conventional functions of signaling components are on a rise. Protein phosphatases have emerged as key regulators in the signaling cascades. PP2A phosphatases due to their diverse holoenzyme compositions are difficult to comprehend. CONCLUSION In this review, we highlight the functional versatility of PP2A members, deciphered through the advances in the post-genomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
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Bakshi A, Moin M, Madhav MS, Kirti PB. Target of rapamycin, a master regulator of multiple signalling pathways and a potential candidate gene for crop improvement. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:190-205. [PMID: 30411830 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) protein regulates growth and development in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic eukaryotes. Although the TOR regulatory networks are involved in nutrient and energy signalling, and transcriptional and translational control of multiple signalling pathways, the molecular mechanism of TOR regulation of plant abiotic stress responses is still unclear. The TOR-mediated transcriptional regulation of genes encoding ribosomal proteins (RP) is a necessity under stress conditions for balanced growth and productivity in plants. The activation of SnRKs (sucrose non-fermenting-related kinases) and the inactivation of TOR signalling in abiotic stresses is in line with the accumulation of ABA and transcriptional activation of stress responsive genes. Autophagy is induced under abiotic stress conditions, which results in degradation of proteins and the release of amino acids, which might possibly induce phosphorylation of TOR and, hence, its activation. TOR signalling also has a role in regulating ABA biosynthesis for transcriptional regulation of stress-related genes. The switch between activation and inactivation of TOR by its phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation maintains balanced growth in response to stresses. In the present review, we discuss the important signalling pathways that are regulated by TOR and try to assess the relationship between TOR signalling and tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants. The review also discusses possible cross-talk between TOR and RP genes in response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakshi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Moin
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - M S Madhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - P B Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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29
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Zhao X, Dou L, Gong Z, Wang X, Mao T. BES1 hinders ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 and promotes seed germination in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:908-918. [PMID: 30230549 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Proper regulation of seed germination is essential for the successful propagation of a plant. The transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway plays a central role in the inhibition of seed germination. ABI5 is precisely regulated by the core ABA signaling components and multiple other factors. However, the complex regulatory network of ABI5 remains largely unknown. In this study, we determined the biochemical interaction between ABI5 and the BRINSENSITIVE1 (BRI1)-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1) transcription factor of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, as well as the function of BES1 regulating ABI5 during seed germination in Arabidopsis. BES1 directly interacts with ABI5 both in vitro and in vivo. The bZIP domain of ABI5, which is responsible for DNA binding, is critical for ABI5 binding to BES1. The interaction of BES1 with ABI5 significantly suppressed the binding of ABI5 to the promoter regions of downstream genes, which resulted in their reduced expression and consequently facilitated seed germination. This study shed new light on the coordination of multiple signaling pathways during seed germination. In particular, BES1 directly binds to ABI5, which interferes with its transcriptional activity and suppresses ABA signaling output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liru Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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30
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Sun L, Pehlivan N, Esmaeili N, Jiang W, Yang X, Jarrett P, Mishra N, Zhu X, Cai Y, Herath M, Shen G, Zhang H. Co-overexpression of AVP1 and PP2A-C5 in Arabidopsis makes plants tolerant to multiple abiotic stresses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:271-283. [PMID: 30080613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are major threats to agricultural production. Drought and salinity as two of the major abiotic stresses cause billions of losses in agricultural productivity worldwide each year. Thus, it is imperative to make crops more tolerant. Overexpression of AVP1 or PP2A-C5 was previously shown to increase drought and salt stress tolerance, respectively, in transgenic plants. In this study, the hypothesis that co-overexpression of AVP1 and PP2A-C5 would combine their respective benefits and further improve salt tolerance was tested. The two genes were inserted into the same T-DNA region of the binary vector and then introduced into the Arabidopsis genome through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing both AVP1 and PP2A-C5 at relatively high levels were identified and analyzed. These plants displayed enhanced tolerance to NaCl compared to either AVP1 or PP2A-C5 overexpressing plants. They also showed tolerance to other stresses such as KNO3 and LiCl at harmful concentrations, drought, and phosphorus deficiency at comparable levels with either AVP1 or PP2A-C5 overexpressing plants. This study demonstrates that introducing multiple genes in single T-DNA region is an effective approach to create transgenic plants with enhanced tolerance to multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Necla Pehlivan
- Department of Biology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Turkey
| | - Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Weijia Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Philip Jarrett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Neelam Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Xunlu Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Yifan Cai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Maheshika Herath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Texas 79409, USA.
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Changes in endogenous phytohormones regulated by microRNA-target mRNAs contribute to the development of Dwarf Autotetraploid Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1535-1546. [PMID: 30116946 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidization is considered as the major force that drives plant species evolution and biodiversity. The leaves of Chinese cabbage, an important vegetable crop valued for its nutritional quality, constitute the main edible organ. In this study, we found that autotetraploid Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) generated from a doubled haploid (DH) line via isolated microspore culture exhibits a dwarf phenotype, along with thick leaves and delayed flowering. Abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) levels were significantly lower in autotetraploids compared to DHs. Comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to examine the gene regulatory network. A total of 13,225 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. Further microRNA (miRNA) analysis identified 102 DEGs that correspond to 35 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Subsequent screening of these 102 genes identified 13 key genes with 12 corresponding differentially expressed miRNAs that are related to leaf development and dwarfism. These 13 genes are involved in the regulation of various processes, including BR synthesis (dwarfing), plant growth, flowering time delay, ABA pathway-related growth and metabolism, leaf morphology and development, and cell extension. Two dwarfing-related genes (BraA01000252 and BraA05004386) regulated by two miRNAs (novel_15 and novel_54) were determined to be downregulated, indicating their possible role in leaf thickness and dwarfism in autotetraploid plants. We also propose two possible miRNA-dependent regulatory pathways that contribute to trait formation in autotetraploid Chinese cabbage. These results provide a theoretical basis for further work involving Chinese cabbage varieties by inducing polyploidy.
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Mishra N, Srivastava AP, Esmaeili N, Hu W, Shen G. Overexpression of the rice gene OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis improves drought-, heat-, and salt-tolerance simultaneously. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201716. [PMID: 30092010 PMCID: PMC6084956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation is one of the post translational modifications, which affects cellular processes in plants through conjugation of small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) to target substrate proteins. Response to various abiotic environmental stresses is one of the major cellular functions regulated by SUMO conjugation. SIZ1 is a SUMO E3 ligase, facilitating a vital step in the sumoylation pathway. In this report, it is demonstrated that over-expression of the rice gene OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis leads to increased tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. For example, OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt, drought, and heat stresses, and generated greater seed yields under a variety of stress conditions. Furthermore, OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants were able to exclude sodium ions more efficiently when grown in saline soils and accumulate higher potassium ions as compared to wild-type plants. Further analysis revealed that OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants expressed higher transcript levels of P5CS, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of proline, under both salt and drought stress conditions. Therefore, proline here is acting as an osmoprotectant to alleviate damages caused by drought and salt stresses. These results demonstrate that the rice gene OsSIZ1 has a great potential to be used for improving crop's tolerance to several abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mishra
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College, Bangalore, India
| | - Anurag P. Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Punzo P, Ruggiero A, Possenti M, Nurcato R, Costa A, Morelli G, Grillo S, Batelli G. The PP2A-interactor TIP41 modulates ABA responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:991-1009. [PMID: 29602224 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of growth in response to environmental cues is a fundamental aspect of plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. TIP41 (TAP42 INTERACTING PROTEIN OF 41 kDa) is the Arabidopsis thaliana orthologue of proteins isolated in mammals and yeast that participate in the Target-of-Rapamycin (TOR) pathway, which modifies cell growth in response to nutrient status and environmental conditions. Here, we characterized the function of TIP41 in Arabidopsis. Expression analyses showed that TIP41 is constitutively expressed in vascular tissues, and is induced following long-term exposure to NaCl, polyethylene glycol and abscisic acid (ABA), suggesting a role of TIP41 in adaptation to abiotic stress. Visualization of a fusion protein with yellow fluorescent protein indicated that TIP41 is localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Abolished expression of TIP41 results in smaller plants with a lower number of rosette leaves and lateral roots, and an increased sensitivity to treatments with chemical TOR inhibitors, indicating that TOR signalling is affected in these mutants. In addition, tip41 mutants are hypersensitive to ABA at germination and seedling stage, whereas over-expressing plants show higher tolerance. Several TOR- and ABA-responsive genes are differentially expressed in tip41, including iron homeostasis, senescence and ethylene-associated genes. In yeast and mammals, TIP41 provides a link between the TOR pathway and the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which in plants participates in several ABA-mediated mechanisms. Here, we showed an interaction of TIP41 with the catalytic subunit of PP2A. Taken together, these results offer important insights into the function of Arabidopsis TIP41 in the modulation of plant growth and ABA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Punzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Marco Possenti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Nurcato
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Antonello Costa
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Giorgio Morelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Grillo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Giorgia Batelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, Portici, NA, Italy
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Zhu T, Wu Y, Yang X, Chen W, Gong Q, Liu X. The Asparagine-Rich Protein NRP Facilitates the Degradation of the PP6-type Phosphatase FyPP3 to Promote ABA Response in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:257-268. [PMID: 29175650 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays critical roles in abiotic stress responses and plant development. In germinating seeds, the phytochrome-associated protein phosphatase, FyPP3, negatively regulates ABA signaling by dephosphorylating the transcription factor ABI5. However, whether and how FyPP3 is regulated at the posttranscriptional level remains unclear. Here, we report that an asparagine-rich protein, NRP, interacts with FyPP3 and tethers FyPP3 to SYP41/61-positive endosomes for subsequent degradation in the vacuole. Upon ABA treatment, the expression of NRP was induced and NRP-mediated FyPP3 turnover was accelerated. Consistently, ABA-induced FyPP3 turnover was abolished in an nrp null mutant. On the other hand, FyPP3 can dephosphorylate NRP in vitro, and overexpression of FyPP3 reduced the half-life of NRP in vivo. Genetic analyses showed that NRP has a positive role in ABA-mediated seed germination and gene expression, and that NRP is epistatic to FyPP3. Taken together, our results identify a new regulatory circuit in the ABA signaling network, which links the intracellular trafficking with ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qingqiu Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xinqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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35
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Punzo P, Ruggiero A, Grillo S, Batelli G. TIP41 network analysis and mutant phenotypes predict interactions between the TOR and ABA pathways. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1537698. [PMID: 30458658 PMCID: PMC6296354 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1537698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions inform the rate of plant growth and development. The target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway is a central regulator of plant growth in response to nutrients and energy, while abscisic acid (ABA) is a main mediator of abiotic stress responses. We recently characterized Arabidopsis TIP41, a predicted TOR pathway component involved in the ABA-mediated response to abiotic stress. Here, we report the ABA sensitivity of tip41 mutants, supporting the relation between TIP41 and the hormone pathway. The analysis of predicted TIP41 functional network identified several protein phosphatases. In particular, candidate protein interactors included catalytic subunits of type 2A protein phosphatases and protein phosphatases 6, which regulate different developmental processes and responses to environmental stimuli. These results provide important information on the role of TIP41 in the cross talk between TOR and ABA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Punzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Portici, NA, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Stefania Grillo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Giorgia Batelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Portici, NA, Italy
- CONTACT Dr. Giorgia Batelli National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Universita’, 133, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
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Palmer NA, Saathoff AJ, Scully ED, Tobias CM, Twigg P, Madhavan S, Schmer M, Cahoon R, Sattler SE, Edmé SJ, Mitchell RB, Sarath G. Seasonal below-ground metabolism in switchgrass. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:1059-1075. [PMID: 29030891 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), a perennial, polyploid, C4 warm-season grass is among the foremost herbaceous species being advanced as a source of biomass for biofuel end uses. At the end of every growing season, the aerial tissues senesce, and the below-ground rhizomes become dormant. Future growth is dependent on the successful over-wintering of the rhizomes. Although the importance of rhizome health to overall year-upon-year plant productivity has been long recognized, there is limited information on seasonal changes occurring during dormancy at both the transcriptome and metabolite levels. Here, global changes in transcriptomes and metabolites were investigated over two growing seasons in rhizomes harvested from field-grown plants. The objectives were: (a) synthesize information on cellular processes that lead to dormancy; and (b) provide models that could account for major metabolic pathways present in dormant switchgrass rhizomes. Overall, metabolism during dormancy appeared to involve discrete but interrelated events. One was a response to abscisic acid that resulted in dehydration, increases in osmolytes and upregulation of autophagic processes, likely through the target of rapamycin complex and sucrose non-fermentative-related kinase-based signaling cascades. Another was a recalibration of energy transduction through apparent reductions in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, increases in substrate level generation of ATP and reducing equivalents, and recycling of N and possibly CO2 through refixation. Lastly, transcript abundances indicated that cold-related signaling was also occurring. Altogether, these data provide a detailed overview of rhizome metabolism, especially during dormancy, which can be exploited in the future to improve winter survival in switchgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Palmer
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Aaron J Saathoff
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Erin D Scully
- Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Center for Grain and Animal Health, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Christian M Tobias
- Crop Improvement and Genetics Research, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Paul Twigg
- Biology Department, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849, USA
| | | | - Marty Schmer
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Rebecca Cahoon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Serge J Edmé
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Robert B Mitchell
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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Han EH, Petrella DP, Blakeslee JJ. 'Bending' models of halotropism: incorporating protein phosphatase 2A, ABCB transporters, and auxin metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3071-3089. [PMID: 28899081 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress causes worldwide reductions in agricultural yields, a problem that is exacerbated by the depletion of global freshwater reserves and the use of contaminated or recycled water (i.e. effluent water). Additionally, salt stress can occur as cultivated areas are subjected to frequent rounds of irrigation followed by periods of moderate to severe evapotranspiration, which can result in the heterogeneous aggregation of salts in agricultural soils. Our understanding of the later stages of salt stress and the mechanisms by which salt is transported out of cells and roots has greatly improved over the last decade. The precise mechanisms by which plant roots perceive salt stress and translate this perception into adaptive, directional growth away from increased salt concentrations (i.e. halotropism), however, are not well understood. Here, we provide a review of the current knowledge surrounding the early responses to salt stress and the initiation of halotropism, including lipid signaling, protein phosphorylation cascades, and changes in auxin metabolism and/or transport. Current models of halotropism have focused on the role of PIN2- and PIN1-mediated auxin efflux in initiating and controlling halotropism. Recent studies, however, suggest that additional factors such as ABCB transporters, protein phosphatase 2A activity, and auxin metabolism should be included in the model of halotropic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyang Han
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Dominic P Petrella
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Joshua J Blakeslee
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, OARDC Metabolite Analysis Cluster (OMAC), The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
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Hu R, Zhu Y, Shen G, Zhang H. Overexpression of the PP2A-C5 gene confers increased salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1276687. [PMID: 28045581 PMCID: PMC5351730 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1276687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was shown to play important roles in biotic and abiotic stress signaling pathways in plants. PP2A is made of 3 subunits: a scaffolding subunit A, a regulatory subunit B, and a catalytic subunit C. It is believed that the B subunit recognizes specific substrates and the C subunit directly acts on the selected substrates, whereas the A subunit brings a B subunit and a C subunit together to form a specific PP2A holoenzyme. Because there are multiple isoforms for each PP2A subunit, there could be hundreds of novel PP2A holoenzymes in plants. For an example, there are 3 A subunits, 17 B subunits, and 5 C subunits in Arabidopsis, which could form 255 different PP2A holoenzymes. Understanding the roles of these PP2A holoenzymes in various signaling pathways is a challenging task. In a recent study, 1 we discovered that PP2A-C5, the catalytic subunit 5 of PP2A, plays an important role in salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. We found that a knockout mutant of PP2A-C5 (i.e. pp2a-c5-1) was very sensitive to salt treatments, whereas PP2A-C5-overexpressing plants were more tolerant to salt stresses. Genetic analyses between pp2a-c5-1 and Salt-Overly-Sensitive (SOS) mutants indicated that PP2A-C5 does not function in the same pathway as SOS genes. Using yeast 2-hybrid analysis, we found that PP2A-C5 interacts with several vacuolar membrane bound chloride channel proteins. We hypothesize that these vacuolar chloride channel proteins might be PP2A-C5's substrates in vivo, and the action of PP2A-C5 on these channel proteins could increase or activate their activities, thereby result in accumulation of the chloride and sodium contents in vacuoles, leading to increased salt tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yinfeng Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- CONTACT Hong Zhang Department of Biological Sciences; Texas Tech University; Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Guoxin Shen Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- CONTACT Hong Zhang Department of Biological Sciences; Texas Tech University; Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Guoxin Shen Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Hu R, Zhu Y, Wei J, Chen J, Shi H, Shen G, Zhang H. Overexpression of PP2A-C5 that encodes the catalytic subunit 5 of protein phosphatase 2A in Arabidopsis confers better root and shoot development under salt conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:150-164. [PMID: 27676158 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an enzyme consisting of three subunits: a scaffolding A subunit, a regulatory B subunit and a catalytic C subunit. PP2As were shown to play diverse roles in eukaryotes. In this study, the function of the Arabidopsis PP2A-C5 gene that encodes the catalytic subunit 5 of PP2A was studied using both loss-of-function and gain-of-function analyses. Loss-of-function mutant pp2a-c5-1 displayed more impaired growth during root and shoot development, whereas overexpression of PP2A-C5 conferred better root and shoot growth under different salt treatments, indicating that PP2A-C5 plays an important role in plant growth under salt conditions. Double knockout mutants of pp2a-c5-1 and salt overly sensitive (sos) mutants sos1-1, sos2-2 or sos3-1 showed additive sensitivity to NaCl, indicating that PP2A-C5 functions in a pathway different from the SOS signalling pathway. Using yeast two-hybrid analysis, four vacuolar membrane chloride channel (CLC) proteins, AtCLCa, AtCLCb, AtCLCc and AtCLCg, were found to interact with PP2A-C5. Moreover, overexpression of AtCLCc leads to increased salt tolerance and Cl- accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. These data indicate that PP2A-C5-mediated better growth under salt conditions might involve up-regulation of CLC activities on vacuolar membranes and that PP2A-C5 could be used for improving salt tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Yinfeng Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Jia Wei
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Huazhong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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Tang N, Ma S, Zong W, Yang N, Lv Y, Yan C, Guo Z, Li J, Li X, Xiang Y, Song H, Xiao J, Li X, Xiong L. MODD Mediates Deactivation and Degradation of OsbZIP46 to Negatively Regulate ABA Signaling and Drought Resistance in Rice. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:2161-2177. [PMID: 27468891 PMCID: PMC5059794 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved complicated protective mechanisms to survive adverse conditions. Previously, we reported that the transcription factor OsbZIP46 regulates abscisic acid (ABA) signaling-mediated drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) by modulating stress-related genes. An intrinsic D domain represses OsbZIP46 activity, but the detailed mechanism for the repression of OsbZIP46 activation remains unknown. Here, we report an OsbZIP46-interacting protein, MODD (Mediator of OsbZIP46 deactivation and degradation), which is homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 binding protein AFP. MODD was induced by ABA and drought stress, but the induction was much slower than that of OsbZIP46 In contrast to OsbZIP46, MODD negatively regulates ABA signaling and drought tolerance, and inhibits the expression of OsbZIP46 target genes. We found that MODD negatively regulates OsbZIP46 activity and stability. MODD represses OsbZIP46 activity via interaction with the OsTPR3-HDA702 corepressor complex and downregulation of the histone acetylation level at OsbZIP46 target genes. MODD promotes OsbZIP46 degradation via interaction with the U-box type ubiquitin E3 ligase OsPUB70. Interestingly, the D domain is required for both deactivation and degradation of OsbZIP46 via its interaction with MODD. These findings show that plants fine-tune their drought responses by elaborate regulatory mechanisms, including the coordination of activity and stability of key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Siqi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Zong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chun Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zilong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huazhi Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Li D, Mou W, Luo Z, Li L, Limwachiranon J, Mao L, Ying T. Developmental and stress regulation on expression of a novel miRNA, Fan-miR73, and its target ABI5 in strawberry. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28385. [PMID: 27325048 PMCID: PMC4914977 DOI: 10.1038/srep28385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a critical plant hormone for fruit ripening and adaptive stress responses in strawberry. Previous high-throughput sequencing results indicated that ABA-insensitive (ABI)5, an important transcription factor in the ABA signaling pathway, was a target for a novel microRNA (miRNA), Fan-miR73. In the present study, exogenous ABA treatment was found to accelerate fruit ripening through differentially regulating the transcripts of ABA metabolism and signal transduction related genes, including NCED1, PYR1, ABI1, and SnRK2.2. Expression of Fan-miR73 was down-regulated in response to exogenous ABA treatment in a dosage-dependent manner, which resulted in an accumulation of ABI5 transcripts in the ripening-accelerated fruits. In addition, both UV-B radiation and salinity stress reduced the transcript levels of Fan-miR73, whereas promoted ABI5 expression. Furthermore, high negative correlations between the transcriptional abundance of Fan-miR73 and ABI5 were observed during ripening and in response to stress stimuli. These results enriched the possible regulatory role of miRNA involved in the post-transcriptional modification of ABI5 during strawberry ripening, as well as responses to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wangshu Mou
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jarukitt Limwachiranon
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linchun Mao
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiejin Ying
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
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Pehlivan N, Sun L, Jarrett P, Yang X, Mishra N, Chen L, Kadioglu A, Shen G, Zhang H. Co-overexpressing a Plasma Membrane and a Vacuolar Membrane Sodium/Proton Antiporter Significantly Improves Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1069-84. [PMID: 26985021 PMCID: PMC4867051 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis gene AtNHX1 encodes a vacuolar membrane-bound sodium/proton (Na(+)/H(+)) antiporter that transports Na(+) into the vacuole and exports H(+) into the cytoplasm. The Arabidopsis gene SOS1 encodes a plasma membrane-bound Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that exports Na(+) to the extracellular space and imports H(+) into the plant cell. Plants rely on these enzymes either to keep Na(+) out of the cell or to sequester Na(+) into vacuoles to avoid the toxic level of Na(+) in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of AtNHX1 or SOS1 could improve salt tolerance in transgenic plants, but the improved salt tolerance is limited. NaCl at concentration >200 mM would kill AtNHX1-overexpressing or SOS1-overexpressing plants. Here it is shown that co-overexpressing AtNHX1 and SOS1 could further improve salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, making transgenic Arabidopsis able to tolerate up to 250 mM NaCl treatment. Furthermore, co-overexpression of AtNHX1 and SOS1 could significantly reduce yield loss caused by the combined stresses of heat and salt, confirming the hypothesis that stacked overexpression of two genes could substantially improve tolerance against multiple stresses. This research serves as a proof of concept for improving salt tolerance in other plants including crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necla Pehlivan
- Department of Biology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Philip Jarrett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Neelam Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Asim Kadioglu
- Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Dobrenel T, Caldana C, Hanson J, Robaglia C, Vincentz M, Veit B, Meyer C. TOR Signaling and Nutrient Sensing. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:261-85. [PMID: 26905651 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043014-114648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
All living organisms rely on nutrients to sustain cell metabolism and energy production, which in turn need to be adjusted based on available resources. The evolutionarily conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase is a central regulatory hub that connects environmental information about the quantity and quality of nutrients to developmental and metabolic processes in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. TOR is activated by both nitrogen and carbon metabolites and promotes energy-consuming processes such as cell division, mRNA translation, and anabolism in times of abundance while repressing nutrient remobilization through autophagy. In animals and yeasts, TOR acts antagonistically to the starvation-induced AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)/sucrose nonfermenting 1 (Snf1) kinase, called Snf1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) in plants. This review summarizes the immense knowledge on the relationship between TOR signaling and nutrients in nonphotosynthetic organisms and presents recent findings in plants that illuminate the crucial role of this pathway in conveying nutrient-derived signals and regulating many aspects of metabolism and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dobrenel
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 INRA AgroParisTech, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles 78026, France;
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
| | - Camila Caldana
- Molecular Physiology of Plant Biomass Production Group, Max Planck Partner Group, Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, CEP 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johannes Hanson
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
| | - Christophe Robaglia
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, UMR 7265, DSV, IBEB, SBVME, CEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Michel Vincentz
- Laboratório de Genética de Plantas, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-875 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruce Veit
- Forage Improvement, AgResearch, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Christian Meyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 INRA AgroParisTech, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles 78026, France;
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PP2A Phosphatase as a Regulator of ROS Signaling in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5010008. [PMID: 26950157 PMCID: PMC4808757 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) carry out vital functions in determining appropriate stress reactions in plants, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the sensing, signaling and response to ROS as signaling molecules are not yet fully understood. Recent studies have underscored the role of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in ROS-dependent responses involved in light acclimation and pathogenesis responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic, proteomic and metabolomic studies have demonstrated that trimeric PP2A phosphatases control metabolic changes and cell death elicited by intracellular and extracellular ROS signals. Associated with this, PP2A subunits contribute to transcriptional and post-translational regulation of pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. This review highlights the emerging role of PP2A phosphatases in the regulatory ROS signaling networks in plants.
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45
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Li Y, Zhang L, Li D, Liu Z, Wang J, Li X, Yang Y. The Arabidopsis F-box E3 ligase RIFP1 plays a negative role in abscisic acid signalling by facilitating ABA receptor RCAR3 degradation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:571-582. [PMID: 26386272 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in plant growth and development. The function of ABA is mediated by a group of newly discovered ABA receptors, named PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1/PYR-LIKE/REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTORs (PYR1/PYLs/RCARs). Here, we report that an Arabidopsis thaliana F-box protein RCAR3 INTERACTING F-BOX PROTEIN 1 (RIFP1) interacts with ABA receptor (RCAR3) and SCF E3 ligase complex subunits Arabidopsis SKP1-LIKE PROTEINs (ASKs) in vitro and in vivo. The rifp1 mutant plants displayed increased ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and water loss of detached leaves, while the overexpression of RIFP1 in Arabidopsis led to plants being insensitive to ABA. Meanwhile, the rifp1 mutant plants showed greater tolerance to water deficit. In addition, the RCAR3 protein level was more stable in the rifp1 mutant plants than in the wild-type plants, indicating that RIFP1 facilitates the proteasome degradation of RCAR3. Accordingly, the loss of RIFP1 increased the transcript levels of several ABA-responsive genes. Taken together, these data indicate that RIFP1 plays a negative role in the RCAR3-mediated ABA signalling pathway and likely functions as an adaptor subunit of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex to regulate ABA receptor RCAR3 stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Dekuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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46
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Durian G, Rahikainen M, Alegre S, Brosché M, Kangasjärvi S. Protein Phosphatase 2A in the Regulatory Network Underlying Biotic Stress Resistance in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:812. [PMID: 27375664 PMCID: PMC4901049 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biotic stress factors pose a major threat to plant health and can significantly deteriorate plant productivity by impairing the physiological functions of the plant. To combat the wide range of pathogens and insect herbivores, plants deploy converging signaling pathways, where counteracting activities of protein kinases and phosphatases form a basic mechanism for determining appropriate defensive measures. Recent studies have identified Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a crucial component that controls pathogenesis responses in various plant species. Genetic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches have underscored the versatile nature of PP2A, which contributes to the regulation of receptor signaling, organellar signaling, gene expression, metabolic pathways, and cell death, all of which essentially impact plant immunity. Associated with this, various PP2A subunits mediate post-translational regulation of metabolic enzymes and signaling components. Here we provide an overview of protein kinase/phosphatase functions in plant immunity signaling, and position the multifaceted functions of PP2A in the tightly inter-connected regulatory network that controls the perception, signaling and responding to biotic stress agents in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Durian
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Moona Rahikainen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Sara Alegre
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi,
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47
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Skubacz A, Daszkowska-Golec A, Szarejko I. The Role and Regulation of ABI5 (ABA-Insensitive 5) in Plant Development, Abiotic Stress Responses and Phytohormone Crosstalk. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1884. [PMID: 28018412 PMCID: PMC5159420 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ABA Insensitive 5 (ABI5) is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that plays a key role in the regulation of seed germination and early seedling growth in the presence of ABA and abiotic stresses. ABI5 functions in the core ABA signaling, which is composed of PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors, PP2C phosphatases and SnRK2 kinases, through the regulation of the expression of genes that contain the ABSCISIC ACID RESPONSE ELEMENT (ABRE) motif within their promoter region. The regulated targets include stress adaptation genes, e.g., LEA proteins. However, the expression and activation of ABI5 is not only dependent on the core ABA signaling. Many transcription factors such as ABI3, ABI4, MYB7 and WRKYs play either a positive or a negative role in the regulation of ABI5 expression. Additionally, the stability and activity of ABI5 are also regulated by other proteins through post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation and S-nitrosylation. Moreover, ABI5 also acts as an ABA and other phytohormone signaling integrator. Components of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, jasmonate and brassinosteroid signaling and metabolism pathways were shown to take part in ABI5 regulation and/or to be regulated by ABI5. Monocot orthologs of AtABI5 have been identified. Although their roles in the molecular and physiological adaptations during abiotic stress have been elucidated, knowledge about their detailed action still remains elusive. Here, we describe the recent advances in understanding the action of ABI5 in early developmental processes and the adaptation of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions. We also focus on ABI5 relation to other phytohormones in the abiotic stress response of plants.
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48
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Durian G, Rahikainen M, Alegre S, Brosché M, Kangasjärvi S. Protein Phosphatase 2A in the Regulatory Network Underlying Biotic Stress Resistance in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016. [PMID: 27375664 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00812/abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotic stress factors pose a major threat to plant health and can significantly deteriorate plant productivity by impairing the physiological functions of the plant. To combat the wide range of pathogens and insect herbivores, plants deploy converging signaling pathways, where counteracting activities of protein kinases and phosphatases form a basic mechanism for determining appropriate defensive measures. Recent studies have identified Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a crucial component that controls pathogenesis responses in various plant species. Genetic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches have underscored the versatile nature of PP2A, which contributes to the regulation of receptor signaling, organellar signaling, gene expression, metabolic pathways, and cell death, all of which essentially impact plant immunity. Associated with this, various PP2A subunits mediate post-translational regulation of metabolic enzymes and signaling components. Here we provide an overview of protein kinase/phosphatase functions in plant immunity signaling, and position the multifaceted functions of PP2A in the tightly inter-connected regulatory network that controls the perception, signaling and responding to biotic stress agents in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Durian
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Moona Rahikainen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Sara Alegre
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland
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49
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Mutations in the Arabidopsis Lst8 and Raptor genes encoding partners of the TOR complex, or inhibition of TOR activity decrease abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:992-7. [PMID: 26459592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase regulates essential processes in plant growth and development by modulation of metabolism and translation in response to environmental signals. In this study, we show that abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism is also regulated by the TOR kinase. Indeed ABA hormone level strongly decreases in Lst8-1 and Raptor3g mutant lines as well as in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis plants treated with AZD-8055, a TOR inhibitor. However the growth and germination of these lines are more sensitive to exogenous ABA. The diminished ABA hormone accumulation is correlated with lower transcript levels of ZEP, NCED3 and AAO3 biosynthetic enzymes, and higher transcript amount of the CYP707A2 gene encoding a key-enzyme in abscisic acid catabolism. These results suggest that the TOR signaling pathway is implicated in the regulation of ABA accumulation in Arabidopsis.
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50
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Yu F, Wu Y, Xie Q. Precise protein post-translational modifications modulate ABI5 activity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:569-75. [PMID: 26044742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid-insensitive 5 (ABI5), a plant basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, has been revealed to be the key regulator in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway controlling seed dormancy, germination, plant growth, and flowering time. Recently, new evidence has come to light that a combination of different post-translational modifications (PTMs) might together control the stability and activity of ABI5. In this review, we highlight three types of PTM (protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation) and their interactions that precisely regulate ABI5 signaling. ABI5 is the best-studied key molecule in the ABA signaling pathway with respect to PTMs; therefore, this review could serve as a model to guide post-translational studies of important regulators in other plant hormone signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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