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Jackson MC, Friberg N, Moliner Cachazo L, Clark DR, Mutinova PT, O'Gorman EJ, Kordas RL, Gallo B, Pichler DE, Bespalaya Y, Aksenova OV, Milner A, Brooks SJ, Dunn N, Lee KWK, Ólafsson JS, Gíslason GM, Millan L, Bell T, Dumbrell AJ, Woodward G. Regional impacts of warming on biodiversity and biomass in high latitude stream ecosystems across the Northern Hemisphere. Commun Biol 2024; 7:316. [PMID: 38480906 PMCID: PMC10937648 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Warming can have profound impacts on ecological communities. However, explorations of how differences in biogeography and productivity might reshape the effect of warming have been limited to theoretical or proxy-based approaches: for instance, studies of latitudinal temperature gradients are often conflated with other drivers (e.g., species richness). Here, we overcome these limitations by using local geothermal temperature gradients across multiple high-latitude stream ecosystems. Each suite of streams (6-11 warmed by 1-15°C above ambient) is set within one of five regions (37 streams total); because the heating comes from the bedrock and is not confounded by changes in chemistry, we can isolate the effect of temperature. We found a negative overall relationship between diatom and invertebrate species richness and temperature, but the strength of the relationship varied regionally, declining more strongly in regions with low terrestrial productivity. Total invertebrate biomass increased with temperature in all regions. The latter pattern combined with the former suggests that the increased biomass of tolerant species might compensate for the loss of sensitive species. Our results show that the impact of warming can be dependent on regional conditions, demonstrating that local variation should be included in future climate projections rather than simply assuming universal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK.
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK.
| | - Nikolai Friberg
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Sognsveien 68, Oslo, 0855, Norway
- Freshwater Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Water@Leeds, University of Leeds, School of Geography, Leeds, UK
| | - Luis Moliner Cachazo
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Geography, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - David R Clark
- School of Life Science, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Institute for Analytics and Data Science, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Petra Thea Mutinova
- The Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, Oslo, 0579, Norway
| | - Eoin J O'Gorman
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- School of Life Science, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Rebecca L Kordas
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Bruno Gallo
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Doris E Pichler
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Yulia Bespalaya
- N. Laverov Federal Centre for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Olga V Aksenova
- N. Laverov Federal Centre for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Milner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephen J Brooks
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Nicholas Dunn
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - K W K Lee
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, Tsuen, Hong Kong
| | - Jón S Ólafsson
- Institute of Marine and Freshwater Research, Hafnafjordur, 220, Hafnarfjörður, Iceland
| | - Gísli M Gíslason
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, 102, Iceland
| | - Lucia Millan
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Thomas Bell
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Alex J Dumbrell
- School of Life Science, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Guy Woodward
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK.
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Qu Y, Keller V, Bachiller-Jareno N, Eastman M, Edwards F, Jürgens MD, Sumpter JP, Johnson AC. Significant improvement in freshwater invertebrate biodiversity in all types of English rivers over the past 30 years. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167144. [PMID: 37730070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
There remains a persistent concern that freshwater biodiversity is in decline and being threatened by pollution. As the UK, and particularly England, is a densely populated nation with rivers of modest dilution capacity, this location is very suitable to examine how freshwater biodiversity has responded to human pressures over the past 30 years. A long-term dataset of 223,325 freshwater macroinvertebrate records from 1989 to 2018 for England was retrieved and examined. A sub-set of approximately 200 sites per English Region (1515 sites in total with 62,514 samples), with the longest and most consistent records were matched with predicted wastewater exposure, upstream land cover and terrain characteristics (latitude, altitude, slope gradient and flow discharge). To understand changes in macroinvertebrate diversity and sensitivity with respect to these parameters, the biotic indices of (i) overall family richness, (ii) Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera (EPT) family richness, and (iii) the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) scores of NTAXA (number of scoring taxa) and (iv) ASPT (average score per taxon) were selected. A review of how close the BMWP scores come to those expected at minimally impacted reference sites was included. For all latitudes, altitudes, channel slope, river size, wastewater exposure levels, and differing proportions of upstream woodland, seminatural, arable and urban land cover, all diversity or sensitivity indices examined improved over this period, although this improvement has slowed in some cases post 2003. Mean overall family richness has increased from 15 to 25 family groups, a 66 % improvement. The improvement in mean EPT family richness (3 to 10 families, >300 % improvement), which are considered to be particularly sensitive to pollution, implies macroinvertebrate diversity has benefited from a national improvement in critical components of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Qu
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Virginie Keller
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Nuria Bachiller-Jareno
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK
| | - Michael Eastman
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
| | - Francois Edwards
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; APEM Ltd, Chester CH4 0GZ, UK
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3
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Baldan D, Cunillera-Montcusí D, Funk A, Piniewski M, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Hein T. The effects of longitudinal fragmentation on riverine beta diversity are modulated by fragmentation intensity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166703. [PMID: 37683866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The loss of longitudinal connectivity affects river systems globally, being one of the leading causes of the freshwater biodiversity crisis. Barriers alter the dispersal of aquatic organisms and limit the exchange of species between local communities, disrupting metacommunity dynamics. However, the interplay between connectivity losses due to dams and other drivers of metacommunity structure, such as the configuration of the river network, needs to be explored. In this paper, we analyzed the response of fish communities to the network position and the fragmentation induced by dams while controlling for human pressures and environmental gradients. We studied three large European catchments covering a fragmentation gradient: Upper Danube (Austrian section), Ebro (Spain), and Odra/Oder (Poland). We quantified fragmentation through reach-scaled connectivity indices that account for the position of barriers along the dendritic network and the dispersal capacity of the organisms. We used generalized linear models to explain species richness and Local Contributions to Beta Diversity (LCBD) and multilinear regressions on the distance matrix to describe Beta Diversity and its Replacement and Richness Difference components. Results show that species richness was not affected by fragmentation. Network centrality metrics were relevant drivers of beta diversity for catchments with lower fragmentation (Ebro, Odra), and fragmentation indices were strong beta diversity predictors for the catchment with higher fragmentation (Danube). We conclude that in highly fragmented catchments, the effects of network centrality/isolation on biodiversity could be masked by the effects of dam fragmentation. In such catchments, metapopulation and metacommunity dynamics can be strongly altered by barriers, and the restoration of longitudinal connectivity (i.e. the natural centrality/isolation gradient) is urgent to prevent local extinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Baldan
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Reaserch (ISPRA), Campo S. Provolo, 4665, 30122 Venezia, Italy; National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy.
| | - David Cunillera-Montcusí
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó s/n, Maldonado, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Funk
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Meta Ecosystem Dynamics in Riverine Landscapes, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel Str. 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser-Prom. 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Mikołaj Piniewski
- Department of Hydrology, Meteorology and Water Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Carrer de Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Hein
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Meta Ecosystem Dynamics in Riverine Landscapes, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel Str. 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser-Prom. 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria.
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4
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Grey V, Smith-Miles K, Fletcher TD, Hatt BE, Coleman RA. Empirical evidence of climate change and urbanization impacts on warming stream temperatures. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120703. [PMID: 37979332 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and urbanization threaten streams and the biodiversity that rely upon them worldwide. Emissions of greenhouse gases are causing air and sea surface temperatures to increase, and even small areas of urbanization are degrading stream biodiversity, water quality and hydrology. However, empirical evidence of how increasing air temperatures and urbanization together affect stream temperatures over time and their relative influence on stream temperatures is limited. This study quantifies changes in stream temperatures in a region in South-East Australia with an urban-agricultural-forest landcover gradient and where increasing air temperatures have been observed. Using Random Forest models we identify air temperature and urbanization drive increasing stream temperatures and that their combined effects are larger than their individual effects occurring alone. Furthermore, we identify potential mitigation measures useful for waterway managers and policy makers. The results show that both local and global solutions are needed to reduce future increases to stream temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn Grey
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, 990 La Trobe Street, Docklands, Victoria 3008, Australia.
| | - Kate Smith-Miles
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tim D Fletcher
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Belinda E Hatt
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, 990 La Trobe Street, Docklands, Victoria 3008, Australia
| | - Rhys A Coleman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, 990 La Trobe Street, Docklands, Victoria 3008, Australia
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5
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Zhang M, Zhai G, He T, Wu C. A growing global threat: Long-term trends show cropland exposure to flooding on the rise. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165675. [PMID: 37490946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Flooding is one of the most widespread and catastrophic natural disasters. The exposure of cropland to floods is directly related to the quality of cropland and food security, so it is particularly important to map the spatiotemporal evolution of this exposure, with a specific focus on longer time series and higher resolution scales. This study is the first of its kind to analyse the worldwide spatiotemporal variability of Cropland Exposure to Flooding (CEF) with the 30 m resolution of Global Land Analysis & Discovery (GLAD) dataset during 2000-2019. The findings indicate that: (1) the global CEF area increased by a total of 83,429.50 km2 or 7.75 %, from 2000 to 2019; (2) only North America's CEF showed a downward trend, and the region with the largest increase in CEF was South Asia; (3) the CEF in 23 river basins, including Ganges, Indus, Mississippi, Yangtze, and Danube, accounted for 79.88 % of the global total in 2019P; (4) in 2019P, China had the largest CEF globally, reaching 239,525.07 km2. The fastest growing CEF was India, contributing 16.36 % of the global CEF growth. The CEF of United States experienced a reduction trend; (5) two constructed indicators were used in evaluating the CEF of countries worldwide, and a total of 46 countries are considered to be at the highest level of risk, mainly in Europe and Asia. Based on these conclusions, we carried out a cold/hot spot analysis to reveal the spatial heterogeneity and possible driving factors in this phenomenon, and we offer management suggestions to limit the risks to cropland in the floodplains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxin Zhang
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Land Academy for National Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ge Zhai
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingting He
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Cifang Wu
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Land Academy for National Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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6
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Üblacker MM, Infante DM, Cooper AR, Daniel WM, Schmutz S, Schinegger R. Cross-continental evaluation of landscape-scale drivers and their impacts to fluvial fishes: Understanding frequency and severity to improve fish conservation in Europe and the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165101. [PMID: 37400034 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluvial fishes are threatened globally from intensive human landscape stressors degrading aquatic ecosystems. However, impacts vary regionally, as stressors and natural environmental factors differ between ecoregions and continents. To date, a comparison of fish responses to landscape stressors over continents is lacking, limiting understanding of consistency of impacts and hampering efficiencies in conserving fishes over large regions. This study addresses these shortcomings through a novel, integrative assessment of fluvial fishes throughout Europe and the conterminous United States. Using large-scale datasets, including information on fish assemblages from more than 30,000 locations on both continents, we identified threshold responses of fishes summarized by functional traits to landscape stressors including agriculture, pasture, urban area, road crossings, and human population density. After summarizing stressors by catchment unit (local and network) and constraining analyses by stream size (creeks vs. rivers), we analyzed stressor frequency (number of significant thresholds) and stressor severity (value of identified thresholds) within ecoregions across Europe and the United States. We document hundreds of responses of fish metrics to multi-scale stressors in ecoregions across two continents, providing rich findings to aid in understanding and comparing threats to fishes across the study regions. Collectively, we found that lithophilic species and, as expected, intolerant species are most sensitive to stressors in both continents, while migratory and rheophilic species are similarly strongly affected in the United States. Also, urban land use and human population density were most frequently associated with declines in fish assemblages, underscoring the pervasiveness of these stressors in both continents. This study offers an unprecedented comparison of landscape stressor effects on fluvial fishes in a consistent and comparable manner, supporting conservation of freshwater habitats in both continents and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Üblacker
- Department of Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dana M Infante
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Arthur R Cooper
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Wesley M Daniel
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stefan Schmutz
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rafaela Schinegger
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Haase P, Bowler DE, Baker NJ, Bonada N, Domisch S, Garcia Marquez JR, Heino J, Hering D, Jähnig SC, Schmidt-Kloiber A, Stubbington R, Altermatt F, Álvarez-Cabria M, Amatulli G, Angeler DG, Archambaud-Suard G, Jorrín IA, Aspin T, Azpiroz I, Bañares I, Ortiz JB, Bodin CL, Bonacina L, Bottarin R, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Csabai Z, Datry T, de Eyto E, Dohet A, Dörflinger G, Drohan E, Eikland KA, England J, Eriksen TE, Evtimova V, Feio MJ, Ferréol M, Floury M, Forcellini M, Forio MAE, Fornaroli R, Friberg N, Fruget JF, Georgieva G, Goethals P, Graça MAS, Graf W, House A, Huttunen KL, Jensen TC, Johnson RK, Jones JI, Kiesel J, Kuglerová L, Larrañaga A, Leitner P, L'Hoste L, Lizée MH, Lorenz AW, Maire A, Arnaiz JAM, McKie BG, Millán A, Monteith D, Muotka T, Murphy JF, Ozolins D, Paavola R, Paril P, Peñas FJ, Pilotto F, Polášek M, Rasmussen JJ, Rubio M, Sánchez-Fernández D, Sandin L, Schäfer RB, Scotti A, Shen LQ, Skuja A, Stoll S, Straka M, Timm H, Tyufekchieva VG, Tziortzis I, Uzunov Y, van der Lee GH, Vannevel R, Varadinova E, Várbíró G, Velle G, Verdonschot PFM, Verdonschot RCM, Vidinova Y, Wiberg-Larsen P, Welti EAR. The recovery of European freshwater biodiversity has come to a halt. Nature 2023; 620:582-588. [PMID: 37558875 PMCID: PMC10432276 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to a long history of anthropogenic pressures, freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to biodiversity loss1. Mitigation measures, including wastewater treatment and hydromorphological restoration, have aimed to improve environmental quality and foster the recovery of freshwater biodiversity2. Here, using 1,816 time series of freshwater invertebrate communities collected across 22 European countries between 1968 and 2020, we quantified temporal trends in taxonomic and functional diversity and their responses to environmental pressures and gradients. We observed overall increases in taxon richness (0.73% per year), functional richness (2.4% per year) and abundance (1.17% per year). However, these increases primarily occurred before the 2010s, and have since plateaued. Freshwater communities downstream of dams, urban areas and cropland were less likely to experience recovery. Communities at sites with faster rates of warming had fewer gains in taxon richness, functional richness and abundance. Although biodiversity gains in the 1990s and 2000s probably reflect the effectiveness of water-quality improvements and restoration projects, the decelerating trajectory in the 2010s suggests that the current measures offer diminishing returns. Given new and persistent pressures on freshwater ecosystems, including emerging pollutants, climate change and the spread of invasive species, we call for additional mitigation to revive the recovery of freshwater biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Haase
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Diana E Bowler
- Department of Ecosystem Services, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nathan J Baker
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Hydrobionts, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Núria Bonada
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sami Domisch
- Department of Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaime R Garcia Marquez
- Department of Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jani Heino
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniel Hering
- Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sonja C Jähnig
- Department of Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rachel Stubbington
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mario Álvarez-Cabria
- IHCantabria-Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - David G Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Gaït Archambaud-Suard
- INRAE, UMR RECOVER Aix Marseille Univ, Centre d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | | | | | - Iñaki Bañares
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Obras Hidráulicas, Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José Barquín Ortiz
- IHCantabria-Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Christian L Bodin
- LFI-The Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Luca Bonacina
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences-DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Bottarin
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- FEHM-Lab, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltán Csabai
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thibault Datry
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elvira de Eyto
- Fisheries Ecosystems Advisory Services, Marine Institute, Newport, Ireland
| | - Alain Dohet
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gerald Dörflinger
- Water Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Emma Drohan
- Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Knut A Eikland
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tor E Eriksen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vesela Evtimova
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystems, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria J Feio
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Martial Ferréol
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathieu Floury
- Department of Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Riccardo Fornaroli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences-DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nikolai Friberg
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
- Freshwater Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- water@leeds, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Galia Georgieva
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystems, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Peter Goethals
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuel A S Graça
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Thomas C Jensen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard K Johnson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Iwan Jones
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jens Kiesel
- Department of Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lenka Kuglerová
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Patrick Leitner
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lionel L'Hoste
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marie-Helène Lizée
- INRAE, UMR RECOVER Aix Marseille Univ, Centre d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Armin W Lorenz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Maire
- Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, EDF Recherche et Développement, Chatou, France
| | | | - Brendan G McKie
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrés Millán
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Don Monteith
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | - Timo Muotka
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - John F Murphy
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Davis Ozolins
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Riku Paavola
- Oulanka Research Station, University of Oulu Infrastructure Platform, Kuusamo, Finland
| | - Petr Paril
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco J Peñas
- IHCantabria-Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marek Polášek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Manu Rubio
- Ekolur Asesoría Ambiental SLL, Oiartzun, Spain
| | | | - Leonard Sandin
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Science, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Alberto Scotti
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
- APEM, Stockport, UK
| | - Longzhu Q Shen
- Department of Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Green Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Agnija Skuja
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Stefan Stoll
- Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Planning / Environmental Technology, University of Applied Sciences Trier, Birkenfeld, Germany
| | - Michal Straka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- T.G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Henn Timm
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Centre for Limnology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Elva vald, Estonia
| | - Violeta G Tyufekchieva
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystems, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iakovos Tziortzis
- Water Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Yordan Uzunov
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystems, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gea H van der Lee
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy Vannevel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Flanders Environment Agency, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Emilia Varadinova
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystems, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Geography, Ecology and Environment Protection, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, South-West University 'Neofit Rilski', Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Gábor Várbíró
- Department of Tisza River Research, Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gaute Velle
- LFI-The Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Piet F M Verdonschot
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf C M Verdonschot
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanka Vidinova
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystems, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ellen A R Welti
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany.
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA.
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8
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Wang X, Li J, Tan L, Yao J, Zheng Y, Shen Q, Tan X. The impact of land use on stream macroinvertebrates: a bibliometric analysis for 2010-2021. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:613. [PMID: 37099192 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Changes in stream biodiversity are now mainly driven by land-use development. However, a literature review on the impact of land use on stream macroinvertebrates is lacking, especially a scientometric review. Here, we bibliometrically analyzed the literature on land use and stream macroinvertebrates that were published in 2010-2021 and listed in the Web of Science database. We found that the impact of land use on stream macroinvertebrates had been increasingly studied and that these studies were distributed across the globe and had multi-national collaborations. Through co-citation analysis and high-frequency keyword analysis, we found that land use and some environmental factors, especially water quality and habitat, affected macroinvertebrate community biodiversity, biotic integrity, and patterns. Macroinvertebrate traits, analytical methods or models, evaluation index development, and riparian vegetation were the research hotspots. Using historical direct citation network analysis, we also found that the analytical methods in this field and the macroinvertebrate evaluation index had clear development trends from 2010 to 2021. Our findings can help researchers quickly grasp the background of the impact of land use on stream macroinvertebrates and inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha , 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Yao
- Tonglu Environmental Monitoring Station, Hangzhou, 311500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingna Shen
- School of Geomatics and Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Le CTU, Paul WL, Gawne B, Suter P. Integrating simulation models and statistical models using causal modelling principles to predict aquatic macroinvertebrate responses to climate change. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119661. [PMID: 36716568 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is projected to threaten ecological communities through changes in temperature, rainfall, runoff patterns, and mediated changes in other environmental variables. Their combined effects are difficult to comprehend without the mathematical machinery of causal modelling. Using piecewise structural equation modelling, we aim to predict the responses of aquatic macroinvertebrate total abundance and richness to disturbances generated by climate change. Our approach involves integrating an existing hydroclimate-salinity model for the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, into our recently developed statistical models for macroinvertebrates using long-term monitoring data on macroinvertebrates, water quality, climate, and hydrology, spanning 2,300 km of the Murray River. Our exercise demonstrates the potential of causal modelling for integrating data and models from different sources. As such, optimal use of valuable existing data and merits of previously developed models in the field can be made for exploring the effects of future climate change and management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi T U Le
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, SA; Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria 3689, SA.
| | - Warren L Paul
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria 3689, SA
| | - Ben Gawne
- EcoFutures, Cremorne, Victoria 3121, SA
| | - Phillip Suter
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria 3689, SA
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10
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Busch MH, Allen DC, Marske KA, Kuczynski L. The only lasting truth is change: multiple dimensions of biodiversity show historical legacy effects in community assembly processes of freshwater fish. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H. Busch
- Geographical Ecology Group, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, Dept of Biology, Dodge Family College of Arts and Sciences, Univ. of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
| | - Daniel C. Allen
- Geographical Ecology Group, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, Dept of Biology, Dodge Family College of Arts and Sciences, Univ. of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
- Dept of Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State Univ. University Park PA USA
| | - Katharine A. Marske
- Geographical Ecology Group, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, Dept of Biology, Dodge Family College of Arts and Sciences, Univ. of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
| | - Lucie Kuczynski
- Geographical Ecology Group, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, Dept of Biology, Dodge Family College of Arts and Sciences, Univ. of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
- Inst. for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Univ. of Oldenburg Wilhelmshaven Germany
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11
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Kefford BJ, Nichols SJ, Duncan RP. The cumulative impacts of anthropogenic stressors vary markedly along environmental gradients. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:590-602. [PMID: 36114730 PMCID: PMC10087255 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the cumulative effects of multiple stressors on biodiversity is key to managing their impacts. Stressor interactions are often studied using an additive/antagonistic/synergistic typology, aimed at identifying situations where individual stressor effects are reduced or amplified when they act in combination. Here, we analysed variation in the family richness of stream macroinvertebrates in the groups Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) at 4658 sites spanning a 32° latitudinal range in eastern Australia in relation to two largely human-induced stressors, salinity and turbidity, and two environmental gradients, temperature and slope. The cumulative and interactive effect of salinity and turbidity on EPT family richness varied across the landscape and by habitat (edge or riffle) such that we observed additive, antagonistic and synergistic outcomes depending on the environmental context. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the consistency of multiple stressor impacts, which will involve higher-order interactions between multiple stressors and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water ScienceInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Susan J. Nichols
- Centre for Applied Water ScienceInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Richard P. Duncan
- Centre for Conservation Ecology and GenomicsInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
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12
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Lopera D, Guo KC, Putman BJ, Swierk L. Keeping it cool to take the heat: tropical lizards have greater thermal tolerance in less disturbed habitats. Oecologia 2022; 199:819-829. [PMID: 35948691 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Global climate change has profound effects on species, especially those in habitats already altered by humans. Tropical ectotherms are predicted to be at high risk from global temperature increases, particularly those adapted to cooler temperatures at higher altitudes. We investigated how one such species, the water anole (Anolis aquaticus), is affected by temperature stress similar to that of a warming climate across a gradient of human-altered habitats at high elevation sites. We conducted a field survey on thermal traits and measured lizard critical thermal maxima across the sites. From the field survey, we found that (1) lizards from the least disturbed site and (2) operative temperature models of lizards placed in the least disturbed site had lower temperatures than those from sites with histories of human disturbance. Individuals from the least disturbed site also demonstrated greater tolerance to high temperatures than those from the more disturbed sites, in both their critical thermal maxima and the time spent at high temperatures prior to reaching critical thermal maxima. Our results demonstrate within-species variability in responses to high temperatures, depending on habitat type, and provide insight into how tropical reptiles may fare in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lopera
- Global Environmental Science, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Kimberly Chen Guo
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Breanna J Putman
- Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Herpetology and Urban Nature Research Center, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - Lindsey Swierk
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Studies Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA. .,Amazon Conservatory for Tropical Studies, Iquitos, Loreto, 16001, Perú.
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13
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DeWeber JT, Baer J, Rösch R, Brinker A. Turning summer into winter: nutrient dynamics, temperature, density dependence and invasive species drive bioenergetic processes and growth of a keystone coldwater fish. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Tyrell DeWeber
- Fisheries Research Station Baden‐Württemberg Langenargen Germany
- Inst. of Inland Fisheries in Potsdam‐Sacrow Potsdam Germany
| | - Jan Baer
- Fisheries Research Station Baden‐Württemberg Langenargen Germany
| | - Roland Rösch
- Fisheries Research Station Baden‐Württemberg Langenargen Germany
| | - Alexander Brinker
- Fisheries Research Station Baden‐Württemberg Langenargen Germany
- Inst. for Limnology, Univ. of Constance Konstanz Germany
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14
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Rivaes RP, Feio MJ, Almeida SFP, Calapez AR, Sales M, Gebler D, Lozanovska I, Aguiar FC. River ecosystem endangerment from climate change-driven regulated flow regimes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151857. [PMID: 34826460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Major threats of freshwater systems are river damming and habitat degradation, further amplified by climate change, another major driver of biodiversity loss. This study aims to understand the effects of climate change, and its repercussions on hydropower production, on the instream biota of a regulated river. Particularly, it aims to ascertain how mesohabitat availability downstream of hydropower plants changes due to modified flow regimes driven by climate change; how mesohabitat changes will influence the instream biota; and if instream biota changes will be similar within and between biological groups. We used a mesohabitat-level ecohydraulic approach with four biological elements - macrophytes, macroalgae, diatoms and macroinvertebrates - to encompass a holistic ecosystem perspective of the river system. The ecological preferences of the biological groups for specific mesohabitats were established by field survey. The mesohabitat availability in three expected climate change-driven flow regime scenarios was determined by hydrodynamic modeling. The biota abundance/cover was computed for the mesohabitat indicator species of each biological group. Results show that climate-changed flow regimes are characterized by a significant water shortage during summer months already for 2050. Accordingly, the regulated rivers' hydraulics are expected to change towards more homogeneous flow conditions where run habitats should prevail. As a result, the biological elements are expected to face abundance/cover modifications ranging from decreases of 76% up to 67% increase, depending on the biological element and indicator taxa. Diatoms seem to endure the greatest range of modifications while macrophytes the slightest (15% decrease to 38% increase). The greatest modifications would occur on decreasing abundance/cover responses. Such underlies an important risk to fluvial biodiversity in the future, indicting climate change as a significant threat to the fluvial system in regulated rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pedro Rivaes
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Feio
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Salomé F P Almeida
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec - GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana R Calapez
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Sales
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec - GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Gebler
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ivana Lozanovska
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisca C Aguiar
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Benthic Macroinvertebrate Diversity as Affected by the Construction of Inland Waterways along Montane Stretches of Two Rivers in China. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Building inland waterways affects the natural structure, formation, and extent of the riverbed and riparian zone. It alters the hydrology and sediment deposition conditions and hence damages the aquatic ecosystem. To address the effects of the construction of inland waterways on the riverine biome, benthic macroinvertebrate communities were compared at different building stages of inland waterways along a gradient of shipping traffic density at two montane rivers in China. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index of the benthic macroinvertebrate communities ranged from 0.4 to 1.6; the lowest value was recorded in the completed inland waterway, while the highest value was recorded in the unaffected stretch. Principal component analysis and canonical correlation analysis showed the communities in the inland waterways to be distinct from those in the natural riparian habitats. Our results suggest that benthic macroinvertebrate communities can reflect the damage done by the hydromorphological modifications caused by building inland waterways. Benthic macroinvertebrate diversity and abundance should therefore be included when assessing the impact of building and operating inland waterways.
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16
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Land Use in Flood-Prone Areas and Its Significance for Flood Risk Management—A Case Study of Alpine Regions in Austria. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing flood damage has led to a rising importance of land use in flood risk management policies, commonly referred to as the spatial turn in flood risk management. This includes policies aiming at making space for rivers, which, in practice, lead to an increasing demand for land. Although research has been conducted on the variety of policies, the resulting land use conflicts in flood-prone areas have not been paid much attention to. This paper therefore analyses the current land use and its changes in Alpine flood-prone areas in Austria. The results show that space for rivers has been decreasing due to human activities (e.g., river straightening and channel narrowing) since the middle of the 19th century, and settlements have been expanding into flood-prone areas. Furthermore, the share of valuable agricultural land (which is important for food production) located in flood hazard zones is higher in more mountainous areas. Given the limited space for permanent settlement in Alpine regions, these land use changes exert pressure on the availability of land suitable for flood risk management. Therefore, making space for rivers as part of flood risk management policies faces considerable restrictions in Alpine areas.
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17
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Rodgers EM. Adding climate change to the mix: responses of aquatic ectotherms to the combined effects of eutrophication and warming. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210442. [PMID: 34699738 PMCID: PMC8548078 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of excessive nutrient enrichment, or eutrophication, is intensifying across the globe as climate change progresses, presenting a major management challenge. Alterations in precipitation patterns and increases in temperature are increasing nutrient loadings in aquatic habitats and creating conditions that promote the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms. The exacerbating effects of climate warming on eutrophication are well established, but we lack an in-depth understanding of how aquatic ectotherms respond to eutrophication and warming in tandem. Here, I provide a brief overview and critique of studies exploring the cumulative impacts of eutrophication and warming on aquatic ectotherms, and provide forward direction using mechanistically focused, multi-threat experiments to disentangle complex interactions. Evidence to date suggests that rapid warming will exacerbate the negative effects of eutrophication on aquatic ectotherms, but gradual warming will induce physiological remodelling that provides protection against nutrients and hypoxia. Moving forward, research will benefit from a greater focus on unveiling cause and effect mechanisms behind interactions and designing treatments that better mimic threat dynamics in nature. This approach will enable robust predictions of species responses to ongoing eutrophication and climate warming and enable the integration of climate warming into eutrophication management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essie M. Rodgers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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18
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Floury M, Pollock LJ, Buisson L, Thuiller W, Chandesris A, Souchon Y. Combining expert‐based and computational approaches to design protected river networks under climate change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Floury
- RiverLY Research Unit National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Villeurbanne France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA Villeurbanne F‐69622 France
| | - Laura J. Pollock
- Department of Biology McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Montreal Québec H3A 1B1 Canada
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine, F‐38000 Grenoble France
| | - Laëtitia Buisson
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 ‐ Paul Sabatier (UPS) Toulouse France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine, F‐38000 Grenoble France
| | - André Chandesris
- RiverLY Research Unit National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Villeurbanne France
| | - Yves Souchon
- RiverLY Research Unit National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Villeurbanne France
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19
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Ma L, Mi C, Qu J, Ge D, Yang Q, Wilcove DS. Predicting range shifts of pikas (Mammalia, Ochotonidae) in China under scenarios incorporating land use change, climate change and dispersal limitations. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
| | - Chun‐rong Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jia‐peng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China
| | - De‐yan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qi‐sen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - David S. Wilcove
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
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20
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Fernández FJ, Muñoz M, Ponce Oliva RD, Vásquez-Lavín F, Gelcich S. Gaps, biases, and future directions in research on the impacts of anthropogenic land-use change on aquatic ecosystems: a topic-based bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43173-43189. [PMID: 34165733 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic land use change (ALUC) satisfies human needs but also impacts aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems are intrinsically linked with terrestrial landscapes, an association that is already recognized as a key factor to address future research and effective governance. However, the complexity and range of the impact of ALUC in aquatic ecosystems have been fundamental challenges and have implicitly routed the analysis to particular segments, drivers, management, or effects of the theme. In this study, we present an attempt to frame the subject in a broader context through a topic-based bibliometric analysis. Our aim is to identify possible biases and gaps in the current scientific literature and detect the main topics that have characterized the theme. Our results show an unequal distribution of articles by country when we analyzed the authors' affiliation and also a slight increase in contributions from social and economic disciplines, although they are still underrepresented. Moreover, we distinguish topics whose prevalence seems to change, especially those topics where the use of scenario analysis and multi-stressors are considered. We discuss the main biases and gaps revealed by our results, concluding that future studies on the impact of ALUC on aquatic ecosystems should better integrate social and economic disciplines and expand geographic frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Fernández
- School of Agronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Manuel Muñoz
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto D Ponce Oliva
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecologia Costera (SECOS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Business and Economics , Universidad del Desarrollo , Concepción, Chile
- Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM) , Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Vásquez-Lavín
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecologia Costera (SECOS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Business and Economics , Universidad del Desarrollo , Concepción, Chile
| | - Stefan Gelcich
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecologia Costera (SECOS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Perujo N, Van den Brink PJ, Segner H, Mantyka-Pringle C, Sabater S, Birk S, Bruder A, Romero F, Acuña V. A guideline to frame stressor effects in freshwater ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146112. [PMID: 33689887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental policies fall short in protecting freshwater ecosystems, which are heavily threatened by human pressures and their associated stressors. One reason is that stressor effects depend on the context in which they occur and it is difficult to extrapolate patterns to predict the effect of stressors without these being contextualized in a general frame. This study aims at improving existing decision-making frameworks such as the DPSIR approach (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) or ERA (Environmental Risk Assessment) in the context of stressors. Here, we delve into stressor-impact relationships in freshwater ecosystems and develop a guideline which includes key characteristics such as stressor type, stressor duration, location, the natural levels of environmental variables to which each ecosystem is used to, among others. This guideline is intended to be useful in a wide range of ecosystem conditions and stressors. Incorporating these guidelines may favor the comparability of scientific results and may lead to a substantial advancement in the efficacy of diagnosis and predictive approaches of impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Perujo
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain.
| | - P J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - H Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, P.O. Box, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Mantyka-Pringle
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - S Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica (IEA), University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - S Birk
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - A Bruder
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - F Romero
- Plant-Soil Interactions, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain
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22
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Arif M, Jie Z, Wokadala C, Songlin Z, Zhongxun Y, Zhangting C, Zhi D, Xinrui H, Changxiao L. Assessing riparian zone changes under the influence of stress factors in higher-order streams and tributaries: Implications for the management of massive dams and reservoirs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:146011. [PMID: 33647660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Riparian ecosystem services along higher-order streams and connected tributaries may change over time as disturbances continuously increase, resulting in diverse deterioration of buffer zones. How habitat, plant cover, regeneration, erosion, and exotic parameters (riparian health conditions) change within huge dams and reservoirs worldwide is an unanswered question. We used multivariate statistical techniques to assess changes in riparian health parameters affected by disturbances identified in 304 transects within the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir, China, and associated tributaries. Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.01) revealed high diversity in habitat, plant cover, regeneration, erosion, and overall stream condition. There was also notable variance relating to exotic and pressure parameters. The critical variables of riparian health indicators and stress factors identified by principal component analysis explained 58.40% and 74.6% (in the main waterway) and 53.23% and 71.0% (in the tributaries) of the total variance. Among riparian health indicators, one habitat parameter (riparian vegetation width) in the main waterway and one regeneration parameter (tree size classes) in tributaries contributed greatly, along with other specified parameters. Furthermore, stress factors such as farming systems, land-use types, and pollutant activity variables had the highest impact on these water bodies. In comparison, counting stress factors alone showed more deterioration in the main waterway with a range of (r = -0.527- 0.493), as determined using Pearson correlation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, after indexing, the parameters exhibited weaker coefficient values in tributaries, where exotic correlated negatively with other indexed values. These findings are relevant for managers of massive dam and reservoir ecosystems seeking to mitigate environmental and socioeconomic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Punjab Forest Department, Government of Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Zheng Jie
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Charles Wokadala
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhang Songlin
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Yuan Zhongxun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chen Zhangting
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Dong Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - He Xinrui
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Li Changxiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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23
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Vilas-Boas JA, Arenas-Sánchez A, Vighi M, Romo S, Van den Brink PJ, Pedroso Dias RJ, Rico A. Multiple stressors in Mediterranean coastal wetland ecosystems: Influence of salinity and an insecticide on zooplankton communities under different temperature conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129381. [PMID: 33383245 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Temperature increase, salinity intrusion and pesticide pollution have been suggested to be among the main stressors affecting the biodiversity of coastal wetland ecosystems. Here we assessed the single and combined effects of these stressors on zooplankton communities collected from a Mediterranean coastal lagoon. An indoor microcosm experiment was designed with temperature variation (20 °C and 30 °C), salinity (no addition, 2.5 g/L NaCl) and the insecticide chlorpyrifos (no addition, 1 μg/L) as treatments. The impact of these stressors was evaluated on water quality variables and on the zooplankton comunity (structure, diversity, abundance and taxa responses) for 28 days. This study shows that temperature is the main driver for zooplankton community change, followed by salinity and chlorpyrifos. The three stressors contributed to a decrease on zooplankton diversity. The increase of temperature contributed to an increase of zooplankton abundance. Salinity generally affected Cladocera, which resulted in a Copepoda increase at 20 °C, and a reduction in the abundance of all major zooplankton groups at 30 °C. The insecticide chlorpyrifos affected primarily Cladocera, altough the magnitude and duration of the direct and indirect effects caused by the insecticide substantially differed between the two temperature scenarios. Chlorpyrifos and salinity resulted in antagonistic effects on sensitive taxa (Cladocera) at 20 °C and 30 °C. This study shows that temperature can influence the direct and indirect effects of salinity and pesticides on zooplankton communities in Mediterranean coastal wetlands, and highlights vulnerable taxa and ecological responses that are expected to dominate under future global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Andrade Vilas-Boas
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alba Arenas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Romo
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, E-46100, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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McAndrew T, Wattanachit N, Gibson GC, Reich NG. Aggregating predictions from experts: a review of statistical methods, experiments, and applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS 2021; 13:e1514. [PMID: 33777310 PMCID: PMC7996321 DOI: 10.1002/wics.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Forecasts support decision making in a variety of applications. Statistical models can produce accurate forecasts given abundant training data, but when data is sparse or rapidly changing, statistical models may not be able to make accurate predictions. Expert judgmental forecasts-models that combine expert-generated predictions into a single forecast-can make predictions when training data is limited by relying on human intuition. Researchers have proposed a wide array of algorithms to combine expert predictions into a single forecast, but there is no consensus on an optimal aggregation model. This review surveyed recent literature on aggregating expert-elicited predictions. We gathered common terminology, aggregation methods, and forecasting performance metrics, and offer guidance to strengthen future work that is growing at an accelerated pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas McAndrew
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nutcha Wattanachit
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Graham C. Gibson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Reich
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Oliveira DR, Reid BN, Fitzpatrick SW. Genome-wide diversity and habitat underlie fine-scale phenotypic differentiation in the rainbow darter ( Etheostoma caeruleum). Evol Appl 2021; 14:498-512. [PMID: 33664790 PMCID: PMC7896715 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to environmental change requires that populations harbor the necessary genetic variation to respond to selection. However, dispersal-limited species with fragmented populations and reduced genetic diversity may lack this variation and are at an increased risk of local extinction. In freshwater fish species, environmental change in the form of increased stream temperatures places many cold-water species at-risk. We present a study of rainbow darters (Etheostoma caeruleum) in which we evaluated the importance of genetic variation on adaptive potential and determined responses to extreme thermal stress. We compared fine-scale patterns of morphological and thermal tolerance differentiation across eight sites, including a unique lake habitat. We also inferred contemporary population structure using genomic data and characterized the relationship between individual genetic diversity and stress tolerance. We found site-specific variation in thermal tolerance that generally matched local conditions and morphological differences associated with lake-stream divergence. We detected patterns of population structure on a highly local spatial scale that could not be explained by isolation by distance or stream connectivity. Finally, we showed that individual thermal tolerance was positively correlated with genetic variation, suggesting that sites with increased genetic diversity may be better at tolerating novel stress. Our results highlight the importance of considering intraspecific variation in understanding population vulnerability and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan N. Reid
- W.K. Kellogg Biological StationMichigan State UniversityHickory CornersMIUSA
| | - Sarah W. Fitzpatrick
- W.K. Kellogg Biological StationMichigan State UniversityHickory CornersMIUSA
- Department of Integrative BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
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26
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Length-mass relationships for macroinvertebrates in the Choghakhor international wetland, Iran. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Fraker ME, Keitzer SC, Sinclair JS, Aloysius NR, Dippold DA, Yen H, Arnold JG, Daggupati P, Johnson MVV, Martin JF, Robertson DM, Sowa SP, White MJ, Ludsin SA. Projecting the effects of agricultural conservation practices on stream fish communities in a changing climate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141112. [PMID: 32791405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
How anticipated climate change might affect long-term outcomes of present-day agricultural conservation practices remains a key uncertainty that could benefit water quality and biodiversity conservation planning. To explore this issue, we forecasted how the stream fish communities in the Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) would respond to increasing amounts of agricultural conservation practice (ACP) implementation under two IPCC future greenhouse gas emission scenarios (RCP4.5: moderate reductions; RCP8.5: business-as-usual conditions) during 2020-2065. We used output from 19 General Circulation Models to drive linked agricultural land use (APEX), watershed hydrology (SWAT), and stream fish distribution (boosted regression tree) models, subsequently analyzing how projected changes in habitat would influence fish community composition and functional trait diversity. Our models predicted both positive and negative effects of climate change and ACP implementation on WLEB stream fishes. For most species, climate and ACPs influenced species in the same direction, with climate effects outweighing those of ACP implementation. Functional trait analysis helped clarify the varied responses among species, indicating that more extreme climate change would reduce available habitat for large-bodied, cool-water species with equilibrium life-histories, many of which also are of importance to recreational fishing (e.g., northern pike, smallmouth bass). By contrast, available habitat for warm-water, benthic species with more periodic or opportunistic life-histories (e.g., northern hogsucker, greater redhorse, greenside darter) was predicted to increase. Further, ACP implementation was projected to hasten these shifts, suggesting that efforts to improve water quality could come with costs to other ecosystem services (e.g., recreational fishing opportunities). Collectively, our findings demonstrate the need to consider biological outcomes when developing strategies to mitigate water quality impairment and highlight the value of physical-biological modeling approaches to agricultural and biological conservation planning in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Fraker
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Conor Keitzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Tusculum University, Greeneville, TN, USA
| | - James S Sinclair
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Noel R Aloysius
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - David A Dippold
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Haw Yen
- Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Arnold
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grassland Soils and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, USA
| | | | - Mari-Vaughn V Johnson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Science and Resource Assessment Division, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jay F Martin
- Department of Food, Agriculture, and Biological Engineering, and OSU Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dale M Robertson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Middleton, WI, USA
| | - Scott P Sowa
- The Nature Conservancy, Michigan Field Office, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael J White
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grassland Soils and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Stuart A Ludsin
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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28
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Schulte To Bühne H, Tobias JA, Durant SM, Pettorelli N. Improving Predictions of Climate Change-Land Use Change Interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 36:29-38. [PMID: 33020018 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and land use change often interact, altering biodiversity in unexpected ways. Research into climate change-land use change (CC-LUC) interactions has so far focused on quantifying biodiversity outcomes, rather than identifying the underlying ecological mechanisms, making it difficult to predict interactions and design appropriate conservation responses. We propose a risk-based framework to further our understanding of CC-LUC interactions. By identifying the factors driving the exposure and vulnerability of biodiversity to land use change, and then examining how these factors are altered by climate change (or vice versa), this framework will allow the effects of different interaction mechanisms to be compared across geographic and ecological contexts, supporting efforts to reduce biodiversity loss from interacting stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Schulte To Bühne
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, NW1 4RY London, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Buckhurst Road, SL5 7PY Ascot, UK.
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Buckhurst Road, SL5 7PY Ascot, UK
| | - Sarah M Durant
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, NW1 4RY London, UK
| | - Nathalie Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, NW1 4RY London, UK
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29
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Kattwinkel M, Szöcs E, Peterson E, Schäfer RB. Preparing GIS data for analysis of stream monitoring data: The R package openSTARS. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239237. [PMID: 32941523 PMCID: PMC7498020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stream monitoring data provides insights into the biological, chemical and physical status of running waters. Additionally, it can be used to identify drivers of chemical or ecological water quality, to inform related management actions, and to forecast future conditions under land use and global change scenarios. Measurements from sites along the same stream may not be statistically independent, and the R package SSN provides a way to describe spatial autocorrelation when modelling relationships between measured variables and potential drivers. However, SSN requires the user to provide the stream network and sampling locations in a certain format. Likewise, other applications require catchment delineation and intersection of different spatial data. We developed the R package openSTARS that provides the functionality to derive stream networks from a digital elevation model, delineate stream catchments and intersect them with land use or other GIS data as potential predictors. Additionally, locations for model predictions can be generated automatically along the stream network. We present an example workflow of all data preparation steps. In a case study using data from water monitoring sites in Southern Germany, the resulting stream network and derived site characteristics matched those constructed using STARS, an ArcGIS custom toolbox. An advantage of openSTARS is that it relies on free and open-source GRASS GIS and R functions, unlike the original STARS toolbox which depends on proprietary ArcGIS. openSTARS also comes without a graphical user interface, to enhance reproducibility and reusability of the workflow, thereby harmonizing and simplifying the data pre-processing prior to statistical modelling. Overall, openSTARS facilitates the use of spatial regression and other applications on stream networks and contributes to reproducible science with applications in hydrology, environmental sciences and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Kattwinkel
- Institute for Environmental Sciences (iES), University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Eduard Szöcs
- Institute for Environmental Sciences (iES), University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Erin Peterson
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers (ACEMS), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ralf B. Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences (iES), University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
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30
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Jackson MC, Fourie HE, Dalu T, Woodford DJ, Wasserman RJ, Zengeya TA, Ellender BR, Kimberg PK, Jordaan MS, Chimimba CT, Weyl OLF. Food web properties vary with climate and land use in South African streams. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Jackson
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus Ascot UK
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Hermina E. Fourie
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Tatenda Dalu
- Department of Ecology and Resource Management University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Makhanda South Africa
| | - Darragh J. Woodford
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Makhanda South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB), School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Ryan J. Wasserman
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Makhanda South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Makhanda South Africa
| | - Tsungai A. Zengeya
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) Kirstenbosch Research Centre Cape Town South Africa
| | - Bruce R. Ellender
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Makhanda South Africa
- Upper Zambezi Programme World Wide Fund For Nature Lusaka Zambia
| | | | - Martine S. Jordaan
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Makhanda South Africa
- CapeNature Biodiversity Capabilities Unit Stellenbosch South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB) University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Christian T. Chimimba
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Olaf L. F. Weyl
- DSI/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Makhanda South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science Rhodes University Makhanda South Africa
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31
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Fremout T, Thomas E, Gaisberger H, Van Meerbeek K, Muenchow J, Briers S, Gutierrez-Miranda CE, Marcelo-Peña JL, Kindt R, Atkinson R, Cabrera O, Espinosa CI, Aguirre-Mendoza Z, Muys B. Mapping tree species vulnerability to multiple threats as a guide to restoration and conservation of tropical dry forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3552-3568. [PMID: 32020698 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the vulnerability of tree species to anthropogenic threats is important for the efficient planning of restoration and conservation efforts. We quantified and compared the effects of future climate change and four current threats (fire, habitat conversion, overgrazing and overexploitation) on the 50 most common tree species of the tropical dry forests of northwestern Peru and southern Ecuador. We used an ensemble modelling approach to predict species distribution ranges, employed freely accessible spatial datasets to map threat exposures, and developed a trait-based scoring approach to estimate species-specific sensitivities, using differentiated trait weights in accordance with their expected importance in determining species sensitivities to specific threats. Species-specific vulnerability maps were constructed from the product of the exposure maps and the sensitivity estimates. We found that all 50 species face considerable threats, with an average of 46% of species' distribution ranges displaying high or very high vulnerability to at least one of the five threats. Our results suggest that current levels of habitat conversion, overexploitation and overgrazing pose larger threats to most of the studied species than climate change. We present a spatially explicit planning strategy for species-specific restoration and conservation actions, proposing management interventions to focus on (a) in situ conservation of tree populations and seed collection for tree planting activities in areas with low vulnerability to climate change and current threats; (b) ex situ conservation or translocation of populations in areas with high climate change vulnerability; and (c) active planting or assisted regeneration in areas under high current threat vulnerability but low climate change vulnerability, provided that interventions are in place to lower threat pressure. We provide an online, user-friendly tool to visualize both the vulnerability maps and the maps indicating priority restoration and conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fremout
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Alliance Bioversity International - CIAT, Lima, Peru
| | - Evert Thomas
- Alliance Bioversity International - CIAT, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannes Muenchow
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Siebe Briers
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Omar Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Carlos I Espinosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Bart Muys
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Li X, Li Y, Li G. A scientometric review of the research on the impacts of climate change on water quality during 1998-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14322-14341. [PMID: 32152856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research on the impacts of climate change on water quality helps to better formulate water quality strategies under the challenge of an uncertain future, which is critical for human survival and development. As a result, in recent years, there has been growing attention given to research in the field, and the attention has led to an increasing number of publications, which is why a systematic literature review on this topic has been proposed in the current paper. This study reviewed 2998 related articles extracted from the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) database from 1998 to 2018 to analyse and visualize historical trend evolution, current research hotspots, and promising ideas for future research by combining a traditional literature review, bibliometric analysis, and scientific knowledge mapping. The results revealed that the impacts of climate change on water quality mainly included the aggravation of eutrophication, changes in the flow, hydrological and thermal conditions, and the destruction of ecosystems and biodiversity. Further exploration of the influence mechanism of climate change on cyanobacteria is an emerging research topic. Additionally, the water quality conditions of shallow lakes and drinking water are promising future research objects. In the context of climate change, the general rules of water quality management and the scientific planning of land use are of great significance and need to be further studied. This study provides a practical and valuable reference for researchers to help with the selection of future research topics, which may contribute to further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Guojin Li
- Tianjin Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, Tianjin, 300392, China
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33
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Maloney KO, Krause KP, Buchanan C, Hay LE, McCabe GJ, Smith ZM, Sohl TL, Young JA. Disentangling the potential effects of land-use and climate change on stream conditions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2251-2269. [PMID: 31957148 PMCID: PMC7155133 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Land-use and climate change are significantly affecting stream ecosystems, yet understanding of their long-term impacts is hindered by the few studies that have simultaneously investigated their interaction and high variability among future projections. We modeled possible effects of a suite of 2030, 2060, and 2090 land-use and climate scenarios on the condition of 70,772 small streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, United States. The Chesapeake Basin-wide Index of Biotic Integrity, a benthic macroinvertebrate multimetric index, was used to represent stream condition. Land-use scenarios included four Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (A1B, A2, B1, and B2) representing a range of potential landscape futures. Future climate scenarios included quartiles of future climate changes from downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project - Phase 5 (CMIP5) and a watershed-wide uniform scenario (Lynch2016). We employed random forests analysis to model individual and combined effects of land-use and climate change on stream conditions. Individual scenarios suggest that by 2090, watershed-wide conditions may exhibit anywhere from large degradations (e.g., scenarios A1B, A2, and the CMIP5 25th percentile) to small degradations (e.g., scenarios B1, B2, and Lynch2016). Combined land-use and climate change scenarios highlighted their interaction and predicted, by 2090, watershed-wide degradation in 16.2% (A2 CMIP5 25th percentile) to 1.0% (B2 Lynch2016) of stream kilometers. A goal for the Chesapeake Bay watershed is to restore 10% of stream kilometers over a 2008 baseline; our results suggest meeting and sustaining this goal until 2090 may require improvement in 11.0%-26.2% of stream kilometers, dependent on land-use and climate scenario. These results highlight inherent variability among scenarios and the resultant uncertainty of predicted conditions, which reinforces the need to incorporate multiple scenarios of both land-use (e.g., development, agriculture, etc.) and climate change in future studies to encapsulate the range of potential future conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin P. Krause
- U.S. Geological SurveyLeetown Science CenterKearneysvilleWVUSA
| | - Claire Buchanan
- Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin (ICPRB)RockvilleMDUSA
| | - Lauren E. Hay
- U.S. Geological SurveyDenver Federal CenterDenverCOUSA
| | | | - Zachary M. Smith
- Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin (ICPRB)RockvilleMDUSA
- Present address:
New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission (NEIWPCC)c/o New York State DEC625 Broadway, 4th FloorAlbanyNY12233USA
| | - Terry L. Sohl
- U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) CenterSioux FallsSDUSA
| | - John A. Young
- U.S. Geological SurveyLeetown Science CenterKearneysvilleWVUSA
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Pelletier MC, Ebersole J, Mulvaney K, Rashleigh B, Gutierrez MN, Chintala M, Kuhn A, Molina M, Bagley M, Lane C. Resilience of aquatic systems: Review and management implications. AQUATIC SCIENCES 2020; 82:1-44. [PMID: 32489242 PMCID: PMC7265686 DOI: 10.1007/s00027-020-00717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how ecosystems function has changed from an equilibria-based view to one that recognizes the dynamic, fluctuating, nonlinear nature of aquatic systems. This current understanding requires that we manage systems for resilience. In this review, we examine how resilience has been defined, measured and applied in aquatic systems, and more broadly, in the socioecological systems in which they are embedded. Our review reveals the importance of managing stressors adversely impacting aquatic system resilience, as well as understanding the environmental and climatic cycles and changes impacting aquatic resources. Aquatic resilience may be enhanced by maintaining and enhancing habitat connectivity as well as functional redundancy and physical and biological diversity. Resilience in aquatic socioecological system may be enhanced by understanding and fostering linkages between the social and ecological subsystems, promoting equity among stakeholders, and understanding how the system is impacted by factors within and outside the area of immediate interest. Management for resilience requires implementation of adaptive and preferably collaborative management. Implementation of adaptive management for resilience will require an effective monitoring framework to detect key changes in the coupled socioecological system. Research is needed to (1) develop sensitive indicators and monitoring designs, (2) disentangle complex multi-scalar interactions and feedbacks, and (3) generalize lessons learned across aquatic ecosystems and apply them in new contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite C Pelletier
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Joe Ebersole
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kate Mulvaney
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Brenda Rashleigh
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | | | - Marnita Chintala
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Anne Kuhn
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Marirosa Molina
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mark Bagley
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chuck Lane
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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35
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Friedrichs‐Manthey M, Langhans SD, Hein T, Borgwardt F, Kling H, Jähnig SC, Domisch S. From topography to hydrology-The modifiable area unit problem impacts freshwater species distribution models. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2956-2968. [PMID: 32211168 PMCID: PMC7083667 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distribution models (SDMs) are statistical tools to identify potentially suitable habitats for species. For SDMs in river ecosystems, species occurrences and predictor data are often aggregated across subcatchments that serve as modeling units. The level of aggregation (i.e., model resolution) influences the statistical relationships between species occurrences and environmental predictors-a phenomenon known as the modifiable area unit problem (MAUP), making model outputs directly contingent on the model resolution. Here, we test how model performance, predictor importance, and the spatial congruence of species predictions depend on the model resolution (i.e., average subcatchment size) of SDMs. We modeled the potential habitat suitability of 50 native fish species in the upper Danube catchment at 10 different model resolutions. Model resolutions were derived using a 90-m digital-elevation model by using the GRASS-GIS module r.watershed. Here, we decreased the average subcatchment size gradually from 632 to 2 km2. We then ran ensemble SDMs based on five algorithms using topographical, climatic, hydrological, and land-use predictors for each species and resolution. Model evaluation scores were consistently high, as sensitivity and True Skill Statistic values ranged from 86.1-93.2 and 0.61-0.73, respectively. The most contributing predictor changed from topography at coarse, to hydrology at fine resolutions. Climate predictors played an intermediate role for all resolutions, while land use was of little importance. Regarding the predicted habitat suitability, we identified a spatial filtering from coarse to intermediate resolutions. The predicted habitat suitability within a coarse resolution was not ported to all smaller, nested subcatchments, but only to a fraction that held the suitable environmental conditions. Across finer resolutions, the mapped predictions were spatially congruent without such filter effect. We show that freshwater SDM predictions can have consistently high evaluation scores while mapped predictions differ significantly and are highly contingent on the underlying subcatchment size. We encourage building freshwater SDMs across multiple catchment sizes, to assess model variability and uncertainties in model outcomes emerging from the MAUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Friedrichs‐Manthey
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesBerlinGermany
- Department of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Simone D. Langhans
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- BC3—Basque Centre for Climate ChangeLeioaSpain
| | - Thomas Hein
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
- WasserCluster LunzLunzAustria
| | - Florian Borgwardt
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Sonja C. Jähnig
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesBerlinGermany
| | - Sami Domisch
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesBerlinGermany
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36
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Murdoch A, Mantyka-Pringle C, Sharma S. The interactive effects of climate change and land use on boreal stream fish communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134518. [PMID: 31698271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing and projected climate change is likely to greatly alter co-occurring stressor mechanisms, yet these potential interactions remain poorly understood in natural freshwater systems worldwide. As the global biodiversity crisis deepens, successful conservation efforts will hinge on developing mechanistic multiple stressor frameworks that have been ground-truthed in natural systems containing complex species dynamics and ecological processes. Our study examined the combined and interacting effects of potential climate and land use stressors on boreal stream fishes using data from over 300 catchments across a broad 250,000 km2 region. To characterize boreal fish community health, we examined four indicators including species richness, total catch per unit effort, the proportion of lithophilic spawners (fish sensitive to sedimentation), and the assemblage tolerance index which provides a measurement of the overall community tolerance to disturbance. Land use stressors included total anthropogenic land use area and linear disturbance at multiple watershed scales as well as two site-specific habitat degradation indicators (dissolved oxygen and the proportion of fine substrate). Overall community richness and productivity were not negatively related to land use changes indicating potential compensatory dynamics (e.g. where intolerant species are replaced with more tolerant species as habitat quality degrades). In contrast, we observed declines for sensitive species, including highly valued salmonids, that varied depending on interactions between local climate, land use, and stream type. Sensitive species declines were concentrated in regions experiencing increased land use and warming, whereas increases were observed in cooler regions consistent with a subsidy-stress response. In addition, lithophilic spawners declined in watersheds experiencing warmer and wetter conditions owing to potential indirect effects on spawning habitat quality. Results from our study provide novel insight into complex climate and land use interactions occurring across a broad, real-world landscape, and highlight the potential for amplified species declines under future warming and land use scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Murdoch
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Chrystal Mantyka-Pringle
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada.
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Mantyka‐Pringle C, Leston L, Messmer D, Asong E, Bayne EM, Bortolotti LE, Sekulic G, Wheater H, Howerter DW, Clark RG. Antagonistic, synergistic and direct effects of land use and climate on Prairie wetland ecosystems: Ghosts of the past or present? DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chrystal Mantyka‐Pringle
- School of Environment and Sustainability University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada Whitehorse YK Canada
| | - Lionel Leston
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Dave Messmer
- Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Elvis Asong
- Global Institute for Water Security University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Erin M. Bayne
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Lauren E. Bortolotti
- School of Environment and Sustainability University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research Ducks Unlimited Canada Stonewall MB Canada
| | | | - Howard Wheater
- Global Institute for Water Security University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - David W. Howerter
- Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research Ducks Unlimited Canada Stonewall MB Canada
| | - Robert G. Clark
- Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Environment & Climate Change Canada Prairie & Northern Wildlife Research Center Saskatoon SK Canada
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38
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Eveleens RA, McIntosh AR, Warburton HJ. Interactive community responses to disturbance in streams: disturbance history moderates the influence of disturbance types. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland A. Eveleens
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Angus R. McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Helen J. Warburton
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
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39
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Vreys N, Amé MV, Filippi I, Cazenave J, Valdés ME, Bistoni MA. Effect of Landscape Changes on Water Quality and Health Status of Heptapterus mustelinus (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:453-468. [PMID: 30661090 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-00593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Substances derived from anthropogenic activities induce changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of the aquatic environment. Physicochemical and biological studies are necessary to understand how changes in landscape affect the health of the aquatic environment. The main goal of this study was to evaluate how the landscape at different spatial scales affects (1) water quality and (2) the health status of Heptapterus mustelinus, based on several biomarkers. During the dry season, individuals were caught in three sites with different degrees of anthropogenic activity. The quality of the terrestrial environment was assessed using the Riparian Quality and Land Use Indices. The water quality condition was evaluated using a water quality index, and pesticides and pharmaceuticals were measured in water. The following biomarkers were analyzed in the fish: general health status (Condition Factor, Hepatosomatic index and energetic costs), enzymatic activity (GST, CAT, AchE), carbonyl content in proteins and histopathological responses in liver and gills. The most impacted sites by the presence of pesticides showed more alterations in the surrounding landscape; specially, changes in the riparian area. In this area, biomarkers denoted more damage than in sites with protected riparian zone. Conservation status of riparian ecosystems is crucial in the determination of rivers ecological quality. Our results demonstrate the importance of monitoring the environmental quality through an integrated analysis, using native fish to understand the effects of human activities on the biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vreys
- Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarsfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M V Amé
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología de Córdoba (CIBICI), CONICET-UNC and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - I Filippi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología de Córdoba (CIBICI), CONICET-UNC and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J Cazenave
- Laboratorio de Ictiología, Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina and Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC-UNL), Paraje El Pozo, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M E Valdés
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología de Córdoba (CIBICI), CONICET-UNC and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M A Bistoni
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET-UNC and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarsfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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40
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Leite T, Santos JM, Ferreira MT, Canhoto C, Branco P. Does short-term salinization of freshwater alter the behaviour of the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei, Steindachner 1864)? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:648-655. [PMID: 30245421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stream salinization is a great environmental hazard being aggravated by anthropogenic disturbances. Harmful conditions, as increasing salinity in freshwater systems, may negatively affect river fish fauna and possibly influence fish behaviour, such as boldness and/or cerebral lateralization. Salinity has been proven to affect behavioural expression, despite the tolerance of some species. It is thus relevant to study these behaviours, as the salinity exposure effects could represent greater environmental consequences. The impact of salinity stress was evaluated by exposing Iberian barbels, Luciobarbus bocagei (Steindachner, 1864) (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), to three levels of salinity (0.9, 9 and 19 mS/cm, using NaCl) and by conducting boldness and lateralization experiments, regarding population trends. Results show that, with increased salinity, fish diverged to the extremes of the shy-bold gradient, the population was slightly lateralized to the left, and seemed to become more lateralized with increasing salinity. However, there were no statistical differences between the treatments. Fish living in a Mediterranean climate are especially resilient to various stressors, which may confer them additional tolerance, and in this case, acute punctual exposure to increased salinity may not be detrimental for behaviour maintenance. We encourage the expansion of the research to different freshwater fish species that would help to recognise salinity thresholds and use them to implement effective conservation measures and appropriate ecological restoration actions for these sensible systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Leite
- Centre of Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Maria Santos
- Forest Research Centre (CEF) - School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria Teresa Ferreira
- Forest Research Centre (CEF) - School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Canhoto
- Centre of Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Branco
- Forest Research Centre (CEF) - School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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41
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Conservation planning at the intersection of landscape and climate change: brook trout in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kärcher O, Hering D, Frank K, Markovic D. Freshwater species distributions along thermal gradients. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:111-124. [PMID: 30680100 PMCID: PMC6342105 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of a species along a thermal gradient is commonly approximated by a unimodal response curve, with a characteristic single optimum near the temperature where a species is most likely to be found, and a decreasing probability of occurrence away from the optimum. We aimed at identifying thermal response curves (TRCs) of European freshwater species and evaluating the potential impact of climate warming across species, taxonomic groups, and latitude. We first applied generalized additive models using catchment-scale global data on distribution ranges of 577 freshwater species native to Europe and four different temperature variables (the current annual mean air/water temperature and the maximum air/water temperature of the warmest month) to describe species TRCs. We then classified TRCs into one of eight curve types and identified spatial patterns in thermal responses. Finally, we integrated empirical TRCs and the projected geographic distribution of climate warming to evaluate the effect of rising temperatures on species' distributions. For the different temperature variables, 390-463 of 577 species (67.6%-80.2%) were characterized by a unimodal TRC. The number of species with a unimodal TRC decreased from central toward northern and southern Europe. Warming tolerance (WT = maximum temperature of occurrence-preferred temperature) was higher at higher latitudes. Preferred temperature of many species is already exceeded. Rising temperatures will affect most Mediterranean species. We demonstrated that freshwater species' occurrence probabilities are most frequently unimodal. The impact of the global climate warming on species distributions is species and latitude dependent. Among the studied taxonomic groups, rising temperatures will be most detrimental to fish. Our findings support the efforts of catchment-based freshwater management and conservation in the face of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Kärcher
- Faculty of Business Management and Social SciencesOsnabrück University of Applied SciencesOsnabrückGermany
| | - Daniel Hering
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic EcologyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Karin Frank
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research LtdDepartment for Ecological ModellingLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Environmental Systems ResearchUniversity of OsnabrückOsnabrückGermany
- iDiv – German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Danijela Markovic
- Faculty of Business Management and Social SciencesOsnabrück University of Applied SciencesOsnabrückGermany
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Wang J, Jiang X, Li Z, Meng X, Heino J, Xie Z, Wang X, Yu J. Changes in multiple facets of macroinvertebrate alpha diversity are linked to afforestation in a subtropical riverine natural reserve. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36124-36135. [PMID: 30357726 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Land use change is one of the major factors impacting freshwater biodiversity. Afforestation could convert new lands from agriculture or urban land uses to reduce erosion and lead to landscape alterations and biodiversity changes. Here, we examined the changes in the three facets of macroinvertebrate alpha diversity (i.e., taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity) and further explored possible mechanisms driving their variations before (2007) and after (2016) afforestation along the undammed Chishui River, the core of the National Nature Reserve of Rare and Endemic Fishes in the Upper Yangtze River. We found that taxonomic diversity measures (e.g., species richness, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index) increased but all measures of functional diversity (e.g., FRic, FEve, FDiv, and RaoQ) and phylogenetic diversity (e.g., indices of taxonomic distinctness) exhibited stability after the afforestation practice. We also found that only significant taxonomic diversity variation was detected and it showed a relationship to alterations of land use rather than local environmental condition changes across the 10-year afforestation practice. Moreover, hydrology and nutrients levels showed changes after afforestation, but these changes had no effect on the biodiversity changes based on multiple linear regression models. In each survey, the three facets of alpha diversity were significantly explained by natural physical factors and showed inconsistent responses to these underlying environmental variables. In addition, the biodiversity-environment relationships remained stable before and after afforestation, indicating that the inherent mechanisms that drive macroinvertebrate community variation have not changed. Our findings highlight that different alpha diversity measures of lotic macroinvertebrates provide different information about biodiversity and respond differently to various environmental variables. Thus, it is necessary to integrate them into one framework when applying routine monitoring, assessment, and conservation procedures based on lotic macroinvertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhengfei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingliang Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jani Heino
- Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Paavo Havaksen Tie 3, P.O. Box 413, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zhicai Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- China Three Gorges Projects Development Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- China Three Gorges Projects Development Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610000, China
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Merriam ER, Petty JT, Maloney KO, Young JA, Faulkner SP, Slonecker ET, Milheim LE, Hailegiorgis A, Niles J. Brook trout distributional response to unconventional oil and gas development: Landscape context matters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:338-349. [PMID: 29444486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a large-scale assessment of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) development effects on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distribution. We compiled 2231 brook trout collection records from the Upper Susquehanna River Watershed, USA. We used boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis to predict occurrence probability at the 1:24,000 stream-segment scale as a function of natural and anthropogenic landscape and climatic attributes. We then evaluated the importance of landscape context (i.e., pre-existing natural habitat quality and anthropogenic degradation) in modulating the effects of UOG on brook trout distribution under UOG development scenarios. BRT made use of 5 anthropogenic (28% relative influence) and 7 natural (72% relative influence) variables to model occurrence with a high degree of accuracy [Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUC)=0.85 and cross-validated AUC=0.81]. UOG development impacted 11% (n=2784) of streams and resulted in a loss of predicted occurrence in 126 (4%). Most streams impacted by UOG had unsuitable underlying natural habitat quality (n=1220; 44%). Brook trout were predicted to be absent from an additional 26% (n=733) of streams due to pre-existing non-UOG land uses (i.e., agriculture, residential and commercial development, or historic mining). Streams with a predicted and observed (via existing pre- and post-disturbance fish sampling records) loss of occurrence due to UOG tended to have intermediate natural habitat quality and/or intermediate levels of non-UOG stress. Simulated development of permitted but undeveloped UOG wells (n=943) resulted in a loss of predicted occurrence in 27 additional streams. Loss of occurrence was strongly dependent upon landscape context, suggesting effects of current and future UOG development are likely most relevant in streams near the probability threshold due to pre-existing habitat degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Merriam
- School of Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6125, USA.
| | - J Todd Petty
- School of Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6125, USA
| | - Kelly O Maloney
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - John A Young
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Stephen P Faulkner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Rd., Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - E Terrence Slonecker
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Geographic Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, 521 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Lesley E Milheim
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Geographic Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, 521 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Niles
- Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
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Everall NC, Johnson MF, Wood P, Mattingley L. Sensitivity of the early life stages of a mayfly to fine sediment and orthophosphate levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:792-802. [PMID: 29153473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ecological effects of interacting stressors within lotic ecosystems have been widely acknowledged. In particular, the ecological effects of elevated fine sediment inputs and phosphate have been identified as key factors influencing faunal community structure and composition. However, while knowledge regarding adult and larval life stage responses to environmental stressors has grown, there has been very limited research on their eggs. In this study, the eggs of the mayfly Serratella ignita (Ephemerellidae: Ephemeroptera) were collected and incubated in laboratory aquaria to hatching under differing concentrations of inert suspended sediment (SS) and orthophosphate (OP), individually and in combination. Results indicate that SS and OP have greater effects on egg hatching in combination than when either were considered in isolation. SS displayed a greater effect on egg survival than OP in isolation or when OP was added to elevated SS treatments. Egg mortality in control treatments was around 6% compared to 45% in treatments with 25 mg l-1 SS and 52% in 0.3 mg l-1 OP treatments. Even relatively modest levels of each stressor (10 mg l-1 SS; 0.1 mg l-1 OP), below national legal thresholds, had significant effects on egg survival to hatching. The results support calls for legal levels of SS to be reassessed and suggest that more research is required to assess the impacts of pollution on invertebrate egg development given their different sensitivity and exposure pathways compared to other life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Wood
- Department of Geography, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Lauren Mattingley
- Salmon and Trout Conservation, Burgate Manor, Fordingbridge, Hampshire, UK
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Ecological Models to Infer the Quantitative Relationship between Land Use and the Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Community. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Cook CJ, Burness G, Wilson CC. Metabolic rates of embryos and alevin from a cold-adapted salmonid differ with temperature, population and family of origin: implications for coping with climate change. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:cox076. [PMID: 30613399 PMCID: PMC5757644 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Early developmental stages of cold-adapted ectotherms such as brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are at higher risk of mortality with increasing water temperatures. To determine the amount of variation present in early life, which may allow for potential adaptation to increasing temperature, we examined the routine metabolic rates (RMR) of wild-origin brook trout embryos and alevins reared at normal (5°C) and elevated (9°C) temperatures. The experiment was structured to examine variation in RMR within and among several levels of biological organization (family, population and ancestral type (native vs. mixed ancestry)). As expected, family and temperature variables were most important for predicting RMR and body mass, although population-level differences also existed when family was excluded for more detailed analysis. Additionally, body mass strongly influenced RMR at all life stages except for eyed embryos. When family identity was removed from the analysis, population became the most significant variable. Variation in RMR and mass within and among populations may indicate existing adaptive potential within and among brook trout populations to respond to predicted warming under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine J Cook
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9L 0G2
| | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9L 0G2
| | - Chris C Wilson
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, CanadaK9L 0G2
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Markovic D, Carrizo SF, Kärcher O, Walz A, David JNW. Vulnerability of European freshwater catchments to climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:3567-3580. [PMID: 28186382 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to exacerbate the current threats to freshwater ecosystems, yet multifaceted studies on the potential impacts of climate change on freshwater biodiversity at scales that inform management planning are lacking. The aim of this study was to fill this void through the development of a novel framework for assessing climate change vulnerability tailored to freshwater ecosystems. The three dimensions of climate change vulnerability are as follows: (i) exposure to climate change, (ii) sensitivity to altered environmental conditions and (iii) resilience potential. Our vulnerability framework includes 1685 freshwater species of plants, fishes, molluscs, odonates, amphibians, crayfish and turtles alongside key features within and between catchments, such as topography and connectivity. Several methodologies were used to combine these dimensions across a variety of future climate change models and scenarios. The resulting indices were overlaid to assess the vulnerability of European freshwater ecosystems at the catchment scale (18 783 catchments). The Balkan Lakes Ohrid and Prespa and Mediterranean islands emerge as most vulnerable to climate change. For the 2030s, we showed a consensus among the applied methods whereby up to 573 lake and river catchments are highly vulnerable to climate change. The anthropogenic disruption of hydrological habitat connectivity by dams is the major factor reducing climate change resilience. A gap analysis demonstrated that the current European protected area network covers <25% of the most vulnerable catchments. Practical steps need to be taken to ensure the persistence of freshwater biodiversity under climate change. Priority should be placed on enhancing stakeholder cooperation at the major basin scale towards preventing further degradation of freshwater ecosystems and maintaining connectivity among catchments. The catchments identified as most vulnerable to climate change provide preliminary targets for development of climate change conservation management and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Markovic
- Faculty of Business Management and Social Sciences, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Caprivistr. 30A, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
- Center of Applied Biology, Department of Phytomedicine, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, Geisenheim, 65366, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
| | - Savrina F Carrizo
- Freshwater Biodiversity Unit IUCN Global Species Programme, 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, UK
| | - Oskar Kärcher
- Faculty of Business Management and Social Sciences, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Caprivistr. 30A, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Ariane Walz
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Jonathan N W David
- Oxford University Centre for the Environment, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
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Jacobson PC, Hansen GJA, Bethke BJ, Cross TK. Disentangling the effects of a century of eutrophication and climate warming on freshwater lake fish assemblages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182667. [PMID: 28777816 PMCID: PMC5544199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication and climate warming are profoundly affecting fish in many freshwater lakes. Understanding the specific effects of these stressors is critical for development of effective adaptation and remediation strategies for conserving fish populations in a changing environment. Ecological niche models that incorporated the individual effects of nutrient concentration and climate were developed for 25 species of fish sampled in standard gillnet surveys from 1,577 Minnesota lakes. Lake phosphorus concentrations and climates were hindcasted to a pre-disturbance period of 1896–1925 using existing land use models and historical temperature data. Then historical fish assemblages were reconstructed using the ecological niche models. Substantial changes were noted when reconstructed fish assemblages were compared to those from the contemporary period (1981–2010). Disentangling the sometimes opposing, sometimes compounding, effects of eutrophication and climate warming was critical for understanding changes in fish assemblages. Reconstructed abundances of eutrophication-tolerant, warmwater taxa increased in prairie lakes that experienced significant eutrophication and climate warming. Eutrophication-intolerant, warmwater taxa abundance increased in forest lakes where primarily climate warming was the stressor. Coolwater fish declined in abundance in both ecoregions. Large changes in modeled abundance occurred when the effects of both climate and eutrophication operated in the same direction for some species. Conversely, the effects of climate warming and eutrophication operated in opposing directions for other species and dampened net changes in abundance. Quantifying the specific effects of climate and eutrophication will allow water resource managers to better understand how lakes have changed and provide expectations for sustainable fish assemblages in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Jacobson
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Park Rapids, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gretchen J. A. Hansen
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bethany J. Bethke
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Duluth, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy K. Cross
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Hutchinson, Minnesota, United States of America
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50
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Land Cover, Land Use, and Climate Change Impacts on Endemic Cichlid Habitats in Northern Tanzania. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9060623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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