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Baker AE, Padgaonkar NT, Galván A, Frick PJ, Steinberg L, Cauffman E. Characterizing trajectories of anxiety, depression, and criminal offending in male adolescents over the 5 years following their first arrest. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:570-586. [PMID: 35130994 PMCID: PMC9357865 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Youth in the juvenile justice system evince high rates of mental health symptoms, including anxiety and depression. How these symptom profiles change after first contact with the justice system and - importantly - how they are related to re-offending remains unclear. Here, we use latent growth curve modeling to characterize univariate and multivariate growth of anxiety, depression, and re-offending in 1216 male adolescents over 5 years following their first arrest. Overall, the group showed significant linear and quadratic growth in internalizing symptoms and offending behaviors over time such that levels decreased initially after first arrest followed by a small but significant upturn occurring a few years later. Crucially, multivariate growth models revealed strong positive relationships between the rates of growth in internalizing symptoms and offending behaviors such that improvements in mental health related to greater decreases in offending, and vice versa. These results highlight the reciprocal nature of internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence, underscoring the importance of considering mental health alongside offending in the juvenile justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles
| | | | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Paul J. Frick
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University
- Institute for Learning Science and Teacher Education, Australian Catholic University
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Anbesaw T, Tsegaw M, Endra A. Suicidal behavior and associated factors among prisoners at Dessie town correctional institution, Dessie, Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:656. [PMID: 36280803 PMCID: PMC9590181 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a prominent cause of death among inmates worldwide, accounting for over 30% of all deaths. Several factors, including prison-related, psychiatric disorders, stressful life events, and substance use-related factors are believed to be associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior in a correctional facility. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of Suicidal Behavior among prisoners at Dessie town correctional institution, Ethiopia. METHODS From February 16 to March 5, 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 288 inmates at the Dessie Town Correctional Center. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants during the study period. Data was collected through face-to-face interview methods using Suicidal Behavior Revised (SBQ-R). The collected data were coded, entered into Epi-data data version 3.1, and analyzed by SPSS Version 26. Binary logistic regression was carried out to identify independent predictors of suicidal behavior at a 95% confidence level. Variables at a p-value < 0.05 with 95% CI were declared statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of Suicidal behavior among prisoners was found to be 25.3% [(95% CI: 20.5, 30.6)]. This study showed that being female [AOR = 5.14;95% CI (1.62,16.29)], depression [AOR = 4.97;95%CI (2.53,9.77)], anxiety [AOR = 3.14; 95%CI (1.59,6.22)], experienced stressful life events [AOR = 5.11; 95%CI (2.24, 11.65)], and ever substance use [AOR = 2.83; 95%CI (1.41, 5.59)] were variables significantly associated with suicidal behavior among prisoners in Dessie town correctional institution. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS In this study, suicidal behavior was highly prevalent among prisoners compared to the general population. Being female, depression, anxiety, stress full life events, and substance use were variables that are independent predictors of suicidal behavior. This study recommends that the institution needs to deliver an appropriate psychiatric facility to diagnose and treat prisoners with suicidal behavior. Also, special attention should be given to early screening and treatment of prisoners through prison health services, which is the most critical prevention strategy of suicide in prisoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamrat Anbesaw
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Million Tsegaw
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Abubekr Endra
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Kang B, Hwang J, Woo SI, Hahn SW, Kim M, Kim Y, Jin H, Jeon HJ, Lee YJ. The Mediating Role of Depression Severity on the Relationship Between Suicidal Ideation and Self-Injury in Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2022; 33:99-105. [PMID: 36203886 PMCID: PMC9513406 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.220014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Suicide is the leading cause of death among adolescents in South Korea, and depression and personality profiles have been identified as significant risk factors for self-injurious behavior. This study examined the influence of depressive mood and temperament/ character on self-injury in adolescents. Methods A total of 116 adolescents (aged 12–18 years) with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and their parents were enrolled in this study. The participants were divided into three groups based on adolescent’s self-injury frequency, and their Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), Youth Self-Report (YSR), and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores were compared. Finally, mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between suicidal ideation and self-injury. Results Of study participants, 75.9% answered that they had suicidal ideation, and 55.2% answered that they had engaged in self-injurious behavior in the last six months. There were significant differences in CDI and suicidal ideation among the groups. After adjusting for age and sex, mediation analysis indicated that depressive mood mediated the relationship between suicidal ideation and self-injury. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating and managing depressive mood severity in adolescents with MDD as these factors partially mediate the transition from suicidal ideation to self-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungjoo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunghyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeuk Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunghyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-il Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunghyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunghyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunghyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Younggeun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunghyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonseo Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunghyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Jun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunghyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Sun J, Ban Y. Relationship between parental psychological control and suicide ideation in Chinese adolescents: Chained mediation through resilience and maladjustment problems. Front Psychol 2022; 13:946491. [PMID: 36059780 PMCID: PMC9435380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.946491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide ideation is an essential predictor of suicide deaths and is highly prevalent among Chinese adolescents. Several studies have highlighted the significant association between parental psychological control and suicide ideation. However, few studies have focused on the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship. This study investigated the chained mediating effects of resilience and maladjustment problems on the relationship between parental psychological control and suicide ideation among Chinese adolescents. A total of 2,042 students in junior high school completed measurements. The results revealed significant correlations among parental psychological control, resilience, maladjustment problems and suicide ideation. Even after controlling for the effects of gender and grade, parental psychological control positively predicted a significant effect of suicide ideation. Furthermore, suicide ideation was linked with parental psychological control through three pathways: the mediating role of resilience, the mediating role of maladjustment problems, and the chained mediating roles of resilience and maladjustment problems. These findings have broad implications for the field of suicide studies. High levels of parental psychological control, low levels of resilience, and high levels of maladjustment problems may increase the occurrence of suicide ideation.
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McCallum SM, Batterham PJ, Christensen H, Werner-Seidler A, Nicolopoulos A, Newton N, Teesson M, Calear AL. Personality factors associated with suicidal ideation, plans and attempts in adolescents. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:135-141. [PMID: 35537543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the leading cause of death among young Australians, therefore identifying factors that increase risk is important. The aims of this study was to investigate the association between personality domains and suicidal ideation, plans and attempts in a community-based sample of adolescents. METHODS 1428 students from thirteen secondary schools in Australia completed a survey consisting of demographic information (gender and age), personality risk across four domains (Hopelessness, Impulsivity, Sensation Seeking and Anxiety Sensitivity) as measured by the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale, and psychological distress measured by the Distress Questionnaire 5 scale. Outcome measures included suicidal ideation, plans and attempts measured by the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. RESULTS Students were aged between 11 and 17 years old (mean: 13.3, SD = 1.2) with 59% identifying as female. Proportions of participants reporting suicidal ideation, plans and at least one attempt were 14%, 9% and 7% respectively. Hopelessness was associated with twice the odds (OR = 3.1 and 2.9) of suicidal thoughts and plans respectively. Hopelessness also had 45% increased odds for suicide attempt (OR = 2.1), however this was not significant in the suicidal ideation sub-group. Impulsivity and sensation seeking were associated with suicidal ideation (OR = 1.3), while only impulsivity was associated with attempt (OR = 1.5). LIMITATIONS The study was cross-sectional, considered suicidal thoughts and behaviors in past 12 months only and used one measure of personality. CONCLUSIONS Personality traits may be important for determining suicide risk in adolescents. Developing screening and interventions targeting personality may have implications for the detection and prevention of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M McCallum
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ally Nicolopoulos
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola Newton
- The Matilda Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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Habtamu E, Desalegn D. Suicidal behavior and associated factors among prisoners in Dilla town, Dilla, Ethiopia 2020: An institutional based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267721. [PMID: 35544553 PMCID: PMC9094534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a serious cause of mortality worldwide and is a psychiatric emergency. Among prisoners, it is the leading cause of death compared to the general population. However, suicide in prison is a neglected public health issue especially in middle- and low-income countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior among prisoners in Dilla Town Correctional Center, South Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross- sectional study was conducted from May13- June 13, 2020 in the Dilla Town Correctional Center. The simple random sampling technique was used to select 650 prisoners. Data were collected by face-to—to-face interview. Suicidal ideation and attempts were assessed by using the suicidality module of World Mental Health survey initiative version of the World Health Organization composite International diagnostic interview. Data were coded, entered with EP-data version 3.1, and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science version 24. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the significant association between explanatory variables and outcome variables at 95% CI. The results The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among prisoners were 21.9% (95%CI, 18.4–25.2) and 13.1% (95%CI, 10.6–15.8), respectively. Female sex [(AOR) = 2.6, 95%CI, (1.39, 8.2)], divorced/widowed [AOR = 3.67, 95%CI, (2.05, 6.58)], family history of mental illness [AOR = 2.49, 95%CI, (1.41, 4.38)], common mental disorder [AOR = 1.98, 95%CI, (1.25, 3.16)] and poor social support [AOR = 2.68, 95%CI, (1.42, 5.06)] were statistically associated with suicidal ideation. Whereas, female sex [AOR = 3.24, 95%CI, (1.89, 9.4)], previous incarceration [AOR = 2.38, 95%CI, (1.2, 5.16)], and family history of mental illness [AOR = 2.08, 95%CI, (1.11, 3.9)] were associated with suicide attempt. Conclusion The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts among prisoners were high. The special attention in early screening and treatment of suicide among prisoners and collaborating with health institutions is important for better management and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endashaw Habtamu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Defaru Desalegn
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
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Tadesse T, Habtamu E, Reshid Z, Salelew E. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among Prisoners in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:625-634. [PMID: 34483620 PMCID: PMC8365485 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i3.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a serious cause of mortality worldwide and the single most common cause of death in the prison population. Studies on suicidal ideation and attempt among prison people in Ethiopia are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation and attempt among prisoners in Debre Markos Correctional Center, northwest, Ethiopia, 2019. Method An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the simple random sampling technique; a total of 640 participants was recruited. Suicidal ideation and attempts were assessed using the suicidality module of the World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Results The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt were 21.9% and 13.1% with 95% CI (18.40, 25.20) and (10.60, 15.80) respectively. The study revealed that female sex (AOR=2.60, 95%CI: 1.39, 8.20) and family history of mental illness (AOR=2.08, 95%CI: 1.11, 3.90) were significantly associated with both suicidal ideation and attempt. Whereas divorced/widowed (AOR=3.67, 95%CI: 2.05, 6.58), common mental disorder (AOR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.25, 3.16) and poor social support (AOR=2.68, 95%CI: 1.42, 5.06) were statistically associated with suicidal ideation, and previous incarceration (AOR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.20, 5.16) was significantly associated with a suicide attempt. Conclusion The result shows that the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt were serious problems among prisoners. As a result, inmate people need greater attention and interventions for suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Tadesse
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science Haremaya University
| | - Endashaw Habtamu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science Dilla University
| | | | - Endalamaw Salelew
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science University of Gondar
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Ruchkin V, Koposov R, Oreland L, af.Klinteberg B, Grigorenko EL. Dopamine-related receptors, substance dependence, behavioral problems and personality among juvenile delinquents. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Pat P, Richter-Sundberg L, Jegannathan B, Edin K, San Sebastian M. Mental health problems and suicidal expressions among young male prisoners in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study. Glob Health Action 2021; 14:1985229. [PMID: 34643166 PMCID: PMC8519542 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2021.1985229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background incarceration and mental health problems are known to have a strong empirical association. Many studies have confirmed the high prevalence of mental health problems among young prisoners in particular, yet none has been conducted in Cambodia. Objectives this study aimed to assess the level of mental health problems and suicidal expressions, and determine the associated risk factors among young prisoners in Cambodia. Method this was a cross-sectional study among 572 young prisoners between the ages of 15 and 24 from three prisons. Sociodemographic data and detailed information on participants’ profiles were gathered, and mental health problems and suicidal expressions were assessed using the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Attitude Towards Suicide (ATTS) questionnaires, respectively. Results Mental health problems as revealed by the mean YSR scores were: 25.97 for internalizing and 18.12 for externalizing problems; 11.88 for anxiety/depression, 9.97 for aggressive behaviours and 7.53 for somatic complaints. Social problems, attention problems and rule breaking behaviour were in the range of 8.10 to 8.49. Withdrawal depression and thought problems mean scores were 6.55 and 6.66, respectively. Mental health problems were associated with younger age, lower educational background, and shorter duration of incarceration. Around 16% had thought about their own death, and 12% expressed wish to die. Suicide ideation, planning, and attempts were reported by almost 7%, 2%, and 3% of participants respectively. Prior drugs users thought about death significantly more than their counterparts while suicide ideation was significantly lower among prisoners with higher education. Conclusion Mental health problems and suicidal expressions among young prisoners warrant well-planned mental health services that are integrated into the current prison health system. A contextualised intervention that takes into account age, education, duration of incarceration and previous drug use may contribute to improve the mental well-being of young prisoners in Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthy Pat
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (Caritas-CCAMH), Cambodia.,Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Kerstin Edin
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Koposov R, Stickley A, Ruchkin V. Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Incarcerated Adolescents: Prevalence, Personality, and Psychiatric Comorbidity. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:652004. [PMID: 34093271 PMCID: PMC8170036 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.652004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Incarcerated adolescents represent a risk group for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), but research on this population has been limited and no studies have been conducted in Russia. To address this deficit, this study examined NSSI and the factors associated with it among youth in a juvenile correctional facility in Russia. Methods: NSSI and psychopathology were assessed using a psychiatric interview and self-report questionnaire in 368 incarcerated male adolescents aged 14-19 years (mean age 16.4 years, S.D. 0.9) from Northern Russia. Results: 18.2% (N = 67) of the study participants had a history of NSSI and also had higher rates of anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, community violence exposure and scored higher on most of the Youth Self-Report problem scales. In addition, 31.3% of the NSSI group reported previous suicidal ideation and had thought about a specific suicide method compared to 12.0% in the No-NSSI group. Adolescents with NSSI also differed significantly from the No-NSSI group on self-directedness (lower) and self-transcendence (higher) personality traits. Conclusion: NSSI is common in incarcerated adolescents in Russia and is associated with extensive psychiatric comorbidity, suicidal ideation and specific personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Koposov
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Epidemiology and Modern Technologies of Vaccination, Institute of Professional Education, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Stockholm Center for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Vladislav Ruchkin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Säter Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Säter, Sweden
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Lebowitz ER, Blumberg HP, Silverman WK. Negative peer social interactions and oxytocin levels linked to suicidal ideation in anxious youth. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:806-811. [PMID: 30699863 PMCID: PMC6361537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxious youth are at risk for negative peer interactions including peer victimization, and for suicidal ideation. However, data about the pattern of association between these two factors are scarce. In this study we examined the association between negative peer interactions and suicidal ideation in a sample of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders, and whether oxytocin, which has been shown to enhance the impact of social events, moderates the impact of negative peer interactions on suicidal ideation. METHOD Participants were 168 youths with primary anxiety disorders. All participants were assessed with semi-structured diagnostic interviews, and with self-report measures of suicidal ideation, negative peer interactions, anxiety, and depression. The anxious youths' salivary oxytocin levels were measured with immunoassay. RESULTS Thirty percent of the anxious youths reported suicidal ideation, with suicidal ideation severity associated with negative peer social interactions and depressive symptoms. Consistent with past data indicating that oxytocin enhances the impact of social events, the association between peer negative social interactions and suicidal ideation was stronger in youths with high oxytocin levels than in youths with low levels (i.e., moderation). LIMITATIONS Assessment focused on suicidal ideation and data on suicidal behavior were not available. Limitations inherent to immunoassay measurement of peripheral oxytocin levels are noted. CONCLUSION Negative peer interactions are associated with suicidal ideation in youth with anxiety disorders, and the association is stronger in youth with high oxytocin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli R Lebowitz
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Wendy K Silverman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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Biopsychosocial Causes of Suicide and Suicide Prevention Outcome Studies in Juvenile Detention Facilities: A Review. Psychiatr Q 2017; 88:141-153. [PMID: 27169893 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-016-9434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To identify various biopsychosocial risk factors associated with suicidality in juvenile detention facilities and the effectiveness of suicide prevention protocols currently in use. Medical literature searches were conducted using databases like Pub Med, Ovid, and Google Scholar to identify studies conducted in and outside of United States. The prevalence of suicide among youth imprisoned at detention facilities has risen. Psychiatric disorders are common among such population, making them vulnerable to suicidal tendencies. Suicide risk screening within first 24 h of admission to the detention facility has shown to lower the risk of suicide. Identification of high risk individuals and their further psychiatric assessment is advocated. Much of work with regards to screening tools and instruments is underway and further study is required to get a better understanding.
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Lee JY, Bae SM. Intra-personal and extra-personal predictors of suicide attempts of South Korean adolescents. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034315592755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore significant variables predicting adolescent suicidal attempts. Socio-environmental variables such as gender, school record, school grade, school adaptation, and family intimacy together with intra-individual variables including depression, anxiety, delinquency, stress, and self-esteem were considered as candidates. Data from 1481 adolescents were collected from Korea National Youth Policy Institute. For statistical analyses, hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed. Results of hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that gender, school grade, depression, delinquent, stress, and family intimacy were significant predictors of suicidal attempts of adolescents. Among those, the most powerful predictor was depression, and the second was delinquency. Classification accuracy by the model of our study was 87.6%. Implications and limitations of present study and suggestions for future study were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Man Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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14
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Ferrer L, Kirchner T. Suicidal Tendency Among Adolescents With Adjustment Disorder. CRISIS 2015; 36:202-10. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Adolescents with adjustment disorder (AD) are at risk of presenting suicidal symptoms. Certain personality traits are linked to suicidal tendencies. There is a lack of information about the link between suicide and personality patterns in adolescents with AD. Aims: To identify the personality characteristics that predispose to or prevent the development of suicidal ideation and behavior among adolescents with AD. Method: We recruited 108 adolescents with AD at a public mental health center near Barcelona (Spain). They were administered the Inventario de Riesgo Suicida para Adolescentes (IRIS) to assess suicidal symptoms, as well as the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) and the 16PF Adolescent Personality Questionnaire (16PF-APQ) to appraise personality features. Results: Doleful personality emerged as the principal risk for suicidal symptoms. The conforming personality pattern exerted a protective effect, and emotional stability was associated with low levels of suicidal tendencies. Among the Big Five factors, anxiety had the highest explanatory power for suicidal tendencies. Conclusion: Certain personality characteristics are associated with heightened or reduced risk of suicidal tendencies in adolescents with AD. Their identification is important for clinicians designing treatment programs for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Ferrer
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Child and Youth Mental Health Center, Vidal i Barraquer Foundation (CSMIJ FVB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Kirchner
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (IR3C), Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Studies about Measure Invariance and Analysis of Change (GEIMAC), Barcelona, Spain
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Panagioti M, Gooding PA, Triantafyllou K, Tarrier N. Suicidality and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:525-37. [PMID: 25398198 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-014-0978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is growing evidence in the literature that a diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an important contributory factor to suicidality in adolescents. However, there is no existing review of the literature examining the relationship between PTSD and suicidality in adolescents. This study aims to provide the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between PTSD and suicidality in adolescents. METHODS Five bibliographic databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and PILOT) were screened for suitable articles. Twenty-eight studies (which provided 28 independent samples) were included in the review. The overall meta-analyses of the association between PTSD and suicidality were followed by subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS A highly significant positive association was found between PTSD and suicidality (d = 0.701, 95% CI 0.555-0.848). The subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that the association between PTSD and suicidality persisted whilst adjusting for various sources of between-study heterogeneity, such as, different levels of severity of suicidality, target groups, and methodological quality of the studies. CONCLUSIONS Suicidality in adolescents with PTSD is a major problem which requires further research effort. The implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Panagioti
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK,
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Capron DW, Allan NP, Ialongo NS, Leen-Feldner E, Schmidt NB. The depression distress amplification model in adolescents: A longitudinal examination of anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns, depression and suicidal ideation. J Adolesc 2015. [PMID: 25754194 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with comorbid anxiety and depression are at significantly increased risk of suicide. The recently proposed depression distress amplification model appears to have promise for explaining the relations between anxiety, depression, and suicidality, but it has not been tested in adolescents. Participants were 524 adolescents followed over two years. Baseline data for the current report were collected by trained interviewers while the adolescents were in eighth grade. Data were obtained in the same manner when the adolescents were in tenth grade. Baseline anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns significantly predicted suicidal ideation two years later, above and beyond baseline suicidal ideation and depression. Further, consistent with the depression distress amplification model, anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns interacted with depressive symptoms to predict suicidal ideation. This report extends the empirical and theoretical support for a relationship between anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns and suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Capron
- Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
| | - Nicholas P Allan
- Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Nicholas S Ialongo
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Norman B Schmidt
- Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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Capron DW, Allan NP, Ialongo NS, Leen-Feldner E, Schmidt NB. The depression distress amplification model in adolescents: A longitudinal examination of anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns, depression and suicidal ideation. J Adolesc 2015; 41:17-24. [PMID: 25754194 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with comorbid anxiety and depression are at significantly increased risk of suicide. The recently proposed depression distress amplification model appears to have promise for explaining the relations between anxiety, depression, and suicidality, but it has not been tested in adolescents. Participants were 524 adolescents followed over two years. Baseline data for the current report were collected by trained interviewers while the adolescents were in eighth grade. Data were obtained in the same manner when the adolescents were in tenth grade. Baseline anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns significantly predicted suicidal ideation two years later, above and beyond baseline suicidal ideation and depression. Further, consistent with the depression distress amplification model, anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns interacted with depressive symptoms to predict suicidal ideation. This report extends the empirical and theoretical support for a relationship between anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns and suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Capron
- Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
| | - Nicholas P Allan
- Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Nicholas S Ialongo
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Norman B Schmidt
- Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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Kim S, Kim H, Seo DC, Lee DH, Cho HI. Suicidal Ideation and its Correlates among Juvenile Delinquents in South Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014; 5:258-65. [PMID: 25389511 PMCID: PMC4225588 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated suicidal ideation and its correlates among juvenile delinquents in South Korea. METHODS Suicidal ideation, psychological health status, and health-related behaviors were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire in 1682 juvenile offenders aged between 15 and 18 years in 2012. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation in juvenile delinquents was 15.2%. Girls were more likely to report suicidal thoughts than boys (30.3% vs. 12.7%). Suicidal ideation was more common among adolescents who were not living with their family prior to entering detention centers (22.6% vs. 13.2%) than their counterparts. The likelihood of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with problem drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.84], psychedelic drug use (OR = 2.04), feeling unhappy (OR = 3.05), feeling sad or depressed (OR = 13.37) after controlling for sociodemographic factors, other health behaviors and perceptions. CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence for an association between suicidal ideation and psychological health and health risk behaviors among juvenile delinquents. It also highlights the importance of mental health and behavioral interventions for this population to prevent suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyoung Kim
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyekyeong Kim
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Department of Health Education and Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Lee
- Juvenile Division, Ministry of Justice, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Ik Cho
- Korea Association of Health Promotion, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Pisetsky EM, Thornton LM, Lichtenstein P, Pedersen NL, Bulik CM. Suicide attempts in women with eating disorders. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 122:1042-56. [PMID: 24364606 DOI: 10.1037/a0034902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether the prevalence of lifetime suicide attempts/completions was higher in women with a lifetime history of an eating disorder than in women with no eating disorder and assessed whether eating disorder features, comorbid psychopathology, and personality characteristics were associated with suicide attempts in women with anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype (ANR), anorexia nervosa, binge-purge subtype (ANBP), lifetime history of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (ANBN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and purging disorder (PD). Participants were part of the Swedish Twin study of Adults: Genes and Environment (N = 13,035) cohort. Lifetime suicide attempts were identified using diagnoses from the Swedish National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. General linear models were applied to evaluate whether eating disorder category (ANR, ANBP, ANBN, BN, BED, PD, or no eating disorder [no ED]) was associated with suicide attempts and to identify factors associated with suicide attempts. Relative to women with no ED, lifetime suicide attempts were significantly more common in women with all types of eating disorder. None of the eating disorder features or personality variables was significantly associated with suicide attempts. In the ANBP and ANBN groups, the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric conditions was higher in individuals with than without a lifetime suicide attempt. The odds of suicide were highest in presentations that included purging behavior (ANBN, ANBN, BN, and PD), but were elevated in all eating disorders. To improve outcomes and decrease mortality, it is critical to be vigilant for suicide and identify indices for those who are at greatest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Pisetsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Laura M Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Bhatta MP, Jefferis E, Kavadas A, Alemagno SA, Shaffer-King P. Suicidal behaviors among adolescents in juvenile detention: role of adverse life experiences. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89408. [PMID: 24586756 PMCID: PMC3933541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of multiple adverse life experiences (sexual abuse, homelessness, running away, and substance abuse in the family) on suicide ideation and suicide attempt among adolescents at an urban juvenile detention facility in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample included a total of 3,156 adolescents processed at a juvenile detention facility in an urban area in Ohio between 2003 and 2007. The participants, interacting anonymously with a voice enabled computer, self-administered a questionnaire with 100 items related to health risk behaviors. RESULTS Overall 19.0% reported ever having thought about suicide (suicide ideation) and 11.9% reported ever having attempted suicide (suicide attempt). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis those reporting sexual abuse (Odds Ratio = 2.75; 95% confidence interval = 2.08-3.63) and homelessness (1.51; 1.17-1.94) were associated with increased odds of suicide ideation, while sexual abuse (3.01; 2.22-4.08), homelessness (1.49; 1.12-1.98), and running away from home (1.38; 1.06-1.81) were associated with increased odds of a suicide attempt. Those experiencing all four adverse events were 7.81 times more likely (2.41-25.37) to report having ever attempted suicide than those who experienced none of the adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Considering the high prevalence of adverse life experiences and their association with suicidal behaviors in detained adolescents, these factors should not only be included in the suicide screening tools at the intake and during detention, but should also be used for the intervention programming for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav P. Bhatta
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric Jefferis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Angela Kavadas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sonia A. Alemagno
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Peggy Shaffer-King
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
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22
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Knowles SE, Townsend E, Anderson MP. Youth Justice staff attitudes towards screening for self-harm. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2012; 20:506-515. [PMID: 22443106 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2012.01061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Young offenders are recognised as a high-risk group for suicidal behaviour. It is essential that the screening used to identify those at risk and refer them to mental health services is effective, especially in community settings where service utilisation is low. Staff attitudes towards screening for suicide and self-harm are likely to influence how a young offender engages with the screening process. Our study is the first to explore community youth justice staff attitudes towards, and perceptions of, screening for self-harmful behaviour. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted at an English Youth Offending Team in June 2006 with staff who had used the suicide screening tool with young offenders. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Staff attitudes towards working within the screening system varied along two dimensions. The first 'active/passive' dimension related to perceived confidence in dealing with self-harm. The second 'positive/negative' dimension related to perceptions of the benefits of screening and the effectiveness of mental health provision for young offenders. Results indicate that barriers to effective screening must be tackled at both individual and organisational levels. The model of attitudes presented here could be used to increase understanding of how staff can be supported to engage effectively with the screening system.
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Plattner B, Giger J, Bachmann F, Brühwiler K, Steiner H, Steinhausen HC, Bessler C, Aebi M. Psychopathology and offense types in detained male juveniles. Psychiatry Res 2012; 198:285-90. [PMID: 22445705 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A substantial proportion of violent crime is committed by juveniles. In detained juveniles, high rates of psychopathology have been found. The objective of this study was to determine psychopathology associated with offense characteristics in detained male adolescents. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess juvenile detainees. The final sample included 275 males (mean age=16.45, S.D.=1.27 years). Multivariate logistic regressions yielded significant associations between psychopathology and specific offense types: The presence of substance use disorders (without alcohol) (SUD) was found to predict drug-related crimes, and the presence of alcohol use disorders (AUD) without further SUD were a predictor of violent crime, especially in older juveniles. The absence of anxiety disorder, especially in younger juveniles, was found to be relevant for the prediction of robbery. The results of the study suggest that the use and abuse of legal and illegal substances might be a trigger for serious violent and drug-related crimes in juveniles. In particular, the presence of AUD is presumed to have a pivotal role in the development of impulsive aggression. These findings are important when considering the serious social impact of violent behaviors in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Plattner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Forensic Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hill RM, Castellanos D, Pettit JW. Suicide-related behaviors and anxiety in children and adolescents: a review. Clin Psychol Rev 2011; 31:1133-44. [PMID: 21851804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews empirical evidence of the association between suicide-related behaviors and anxiety among children and adolescents. It begins with a review of suicide-related behaviors and anxiety, discusses methodological issues related to measurement, and reviews empirical findings published since the last review of this topic in 1988. Evidence is summarized on four criteria necessary to establish anxiety as a causal risk factor for suicide-related behaviors among children and adolescents. There is consistent evidence for a significant association between anxiety and suicide-related behaviors (Criterion 1). Evidence that the influence of anxiety on suicide-related behaviors is not due to a third variable (Criterion 2) is mixed and hindered by methodological limitations. The literature is also unclear as to whether anxiety temporally precedes suicide-related behaviors (Criterion 3). Finally, this review found no evidence to support or refute anxiety's stability independent of and across instances of suicide-related behaviors (Criterion 4). Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Hill
- Florida International University, Department of Psychology, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC1 room 140, Miami, FL 33199, United States
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Woolgar M, Tranah T. Cognitive vulnerability to depression in young people in secure accommodation: The influence of ethnicity and current suicidal ideation. J Adolesc 2010; 33:653-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Variation in the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val 158 Met polymorphism associated with conduct disorder and ADHD symptoms, among adolescent male delinquents. Psychiatr Genet 2010; 20:20-4. [PMID: 19997043 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e32833511e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variation in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) has been associated with antisocial behavior in populations with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined whether COMT would predict antisocial behavior in a sample with high levels of behavior problems, not necessarily ADHD. In addition, because previous research suggests that COMT may be associated with ADHD in males, association between COMT and ADHD symptoms was examined. METHOD This study tested whether variation in three polymorphisms of the COMT gene was predictive of symptoms of conduct disorder and ADHD, in a sample of 174 incarcerated Russian adolescent male delinquents. RESULTS The Val allele of the ValMet polymorphism was significantly associated with conduct disorder diagnosis and symptoms, whereas the Met allele was associated with ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSION The ValMet polymorphism of the COMT gene shows a complex relation to behavior problems, influencing conduct disorder and ADHD symptoms in opposite directions in a high-risk population.
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Suk E, van Mill J, Vermeiren R, Ruchkin V, Schwab-Stone M, Doreleijers T, Deboutte D. Adolescent suicidal ideation: a comparison of incarcerated and school-based samples. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 18:377-83. [PMID: 19219647 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-009-0740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate suicidal ideations and associated psychopathology in two groups of adolescents, a sample of detained youth and a general population sample. In both groups the comparisons of mental health characteristics between suicidal ideators and non-suicidal youth were conducted separately for girls and boys. METHODS The study sample consisted of 290 delinquent adolescents [228 boys and 62 girls] from three Flemish juvenile detention centers and 1,548 adolescents [811 boys and 737 girls] from an age-matched school-based sample. Both groups were administered the Social and Health Assessment [SAHA], a self-report survey investigating levels of psychopathology [internalizing and externalizing] and risk-taking behavior. RESULTS Suicidal ideations during the past year were reported by 21.5% of detained males, compared to 6.7% in the general population. In females, 58.1% of detained individuals reported suicidal thoughts during the past year, compared to 14.4% of the general population. In girls and boys from the general population, both internalizing and externalizing problems were higher in suicidal ideators than in non-suicidal youth, while in the detention group mainly internalizing problems were higher in suicidal ideators. When comparing detention suicidal ideators with those from the general population, male suicidal ideators scored higher on delinquency, while detained female suicidal ideators also scored higher on posttraumatic stress, but lower on prosocial beliefs. LIMITATIONS Information used in this study was solely based on self-report measures only and limited to Flemish adolescents. CONCLUSION Since suicidal ideation is a frequent problem in detained youth, adequate recognition and treatment seems clinically relevant. While both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology may be an indicator of suicidal ideation in the general population, internalizing problems may be the main clinical predictor in detained youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eefje Suk
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Baggio L, Palazzo LS, Aerts DRGDC. Planejamento suicida entre adolescentes escolares: prevalência e fatores associados. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2009; 25:142-50. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2009000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estudo transversal com objetivo de investigar a prevalência de planejamento suicida e fatores associados em amostra representativa de adolescentes escolares de um município da grande Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com idade entre 12 e 18 anos. Para a coleta de dados, utilizaram-se dois questionários auto-aplicáveis: um sobre uso de álcool, drogas, violência, sentimentos de solidão e tristeza, relacionamento familiar, planejamento suicida, comportamento na escola e com amigos, padronizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, e o Body Shape Questionnaire. A prevalência de planejamento suicida foi 6,3%. A análise multivariada utilizando a regressão de Cox mostrou que o planejamento suicida é mais prevalente em meninas e jovens que referem problemas na relação com os pais. O uso de drogas pelos amigos e pequeno número de amigos próximos aumentaram em, respectivamente, 90% e 66% o planejamento suicida. Aqueles agredidos por colegas, os que referiram sentirem-se sozinhos e tristes apresentaram duas a três vezes mais prevalência de planejamento suicida. Assim, relações familiares adversas, contatos agressivos com colegas e sintomas depressivos aumentam a prevalência de planejamento suicida, necessitando de ações preventivas na escola, incluindo a família.
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Kenny DT, Lennings CJ, Munn OA. Risk Factors for Self-Harm and Suicide in Incarcerated Young Offenders: Implications for Policy and Practice. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY PRACTICE 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15228930802199317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Longitudinal associations between community violence exposure and suicidality. J Adolesc Health 2008; 43:380-6. [PMID: 18809136 PMCID: PMC2605628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine longitudinal associations between community violence exposure and suicide ideation and attempt, and whether depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior are intervening variables in this association. METHODS Participants were 473 urban and predominantly African American adolescents who completed measures of community violence exposure, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation and attempt in grades 6, 7, and 8; teachers reported about adolescents' aggressive behaviors in grades 6, 7, and 8. Path analysis was used to examine direct and indirect associations between community violence exposure in grade 6 and suicide ideation and attempt in grade 8. Depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior were examined as part of an indirect path from grade 6 community violence exposure to later suicide ideation and attempt. RESULTS Results revealed an indirect association between community violence exposure and later suicide ideation for males and females; community violence exposure in grade 6 was associated with depressive symptoms in grade 7, which in turn, were positively associated with suicide ideation in grade 8. For males, community violence exposure in grade 6 was associated with increases in aggressive behavior in grade 7, which in turn, were associated with suicide attempts in grade 8.
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Connor J, Rueter M. Predicting adolescent suicidality: comparing multiple informants and assessment techniques. J Adolesc 2008; 32:619-31. [PMID: 18708245 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent suicidality is a serious problem among American youth. Common risk factors for adolescent suicidality include depression and conduct problems but there is little agreement on the best means to assess these factors. We compared multiple informants (mothers, fathers, the adolescent and a sibling) and multiple assessment techniques using a sample of more than 460 families. Assessment techniques included paper-pencil instruments, observer ratings, and diagnostic interviews. Suicidality was assessed concurrently and two years after the risk assessment. Adolescent-reported paper-pencil instruments and diagnostic interviews were strongly associated with concurrent and future suicidality. Parents' report of adolescent feelings and behaviors were also useful. Observed behaviors were not useful in assessing suicidality risk factors. Clinical recommendations include utilizing paper-pencil and diagnostic adolescent risk factor assessment and focusing on emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Connor
- Department of Educational Leadership and Community Psychology, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States.
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Walsh E, Eggert LL. Preventing youth suicide: issues for law enforcement personnel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2008; 31:347-358. [PMID: 18644625 PMCID: PMC2579764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death for adolescents. A number of problem behaviors associated with youth suicide fall into the purview of law enforcement personnel, and they are therefore in a position to detect risk and prevent suicidal behaviors. Eight hundred one youth identified as having school difficulty, a group at increased risk for both suicide and legal problems, participated in a paper and pencil survey followed by an interview focusing on suicide risk and protective factors. Linear regression was used to examine the ability of factors within each risk and protective factor dimension to predict current suicide risk. The study goal was to determine the most relevant factors influencing suicide risk in each domain examined. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for assessment and policy for law enforcement personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Walsh
- Reconnecting Youth Prevention Research Program, University of Washington School of Nursing, United States.
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34
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Townsend E, Walker DM, Sargeant S, Stocker O, Vostanis P, Sithole J, Hawton KKE. Interventions for mood and anxiety disorders, and self harm in young offenders. Hippokratia 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Townsend
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham; Risk Analysis, Social Processes and Health Group; University Park Nottingham UK NG7 2RD
| | | | - Sally Sargeant
- University of Nottingham; School of Psychology; Nottingham UK
| | - Olivia Stocker
- University of Nottingham; School of Psychology; Nottingham UK
| | - Panos Vostanis
- University of Leicester; Greenwood Institute of Child Health; Leicester UK
| | | | - Keith KE Hawton
- Warneford Hospital; University Department of Psychiatry; Oxford UK OX3 7JX
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35
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore prevalence and patterns of suicidal attempts in persons with anorexia nervosa (AN). METHODS Participants were the first 432 persons (22 male, 410 female) enrolled in the NIH funded Genetics of Anorexia Nervosa Collaborative Study. All participants had current or lifetime AN. The participants ranged in age from 16 to 76 (mean = 30.4, SD = 11.3). Suicidal behavior and intent was assessed via the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. We compared frequency and severity of attempts across diagnostic subtypes and comorbidity, and personality features associated with the presence of suicide attempts in persons with AN. RESULTS About 16.9% of those with AN attempted suicide. Significantly fewer persons with the restricting subtype (7.4%) reported at least one attempt than those with purging AN (26.1%), AN with binge eating (29.3%), and a mixed picture of AN and bulimia nervosa (21.2%). After controlling for major depression, suicide attempts were associated with substance abuse, impulsive behaviors and traits, Cluster B personality disorders, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder as well as low self-directedness and eating disorder severity. CONCLUSIONS Suicide attempts in AN are not uncommon, are frequently associated with the intention to die, occur less frequently in persons with the restricting subtype of the illness, and after controlling for depression are associated with a constellation of behaviors and traits associated with behavioral and affective dyscontrol.
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36
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Abstract
Using data from all waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health, we investigated the short-term and long-term impact of an adolescent friend's suicide on an adolescent's depression and suicidality. Results suggest that a friend's suicide is associated with heightened suicide thoughts and attempts and greater depression during the first year after loss. Six years later, analyses show concurrent behaviors most relevant to explain suicidality fluctuations. Findings suggest the importance of therapeutic availability, especially during the first year, for those losing a friend to suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Feigelman
- Department of Sociology, Nassau Community College, Garden City, NY 11530, USA.
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37
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Exploring interactive effects of genes and environments in etiology of individual differences in reading comprehension. Dev Psychopathol 2007; 19:1089-103. [PMID: 17931436 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579407000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIt is established that reading and reading-related processes are heritable; genes thus play an important role in the foundation of individual differences in reading. In this article, we focus on one facet of reading–comprehension. Comprehension is a higher order cognitive skill that requires many other cognitive processes for it to unfold completely and successfully. One such process is executive functioning, which has been associated with genetic variation in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. Genotypes and haplotypes of four single nucleotide polymorphisms in COMT were investigated in 179 incarcerated adolescent delinquents. Four hierarchical logistic regression models predicting the presence/absence of comprehension difficulties were fitted to the data; genetic variation in COMT and the presence/absence of maternal rejection were investigated as main effects and as effects acting interactively. Three out of four interaction terms were found to be important predictors of individual differences in comprehension. These findings were supported by the results of the haplotype analyses, in which the four investigated polymorphisms were considered simultaneously.
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38
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Abstract
Youth who experience difficulty in school are at risk for suicide, yet there is little published information specific to risk and protective factors among this group. The purpose of this study was to conduct an in-depth examination of risk and protective factors associated with suicidal behaviour among youth who were experiencing problems in school and to compare these factors between suicide risk and non-suicide risk subgroups. Participants were 730 high school students in the Northwest and Southwest regions of the United States, aged 14-21 years. All participants were known to be experiencing difficulty with grades and/or attendance. Students completed a paper-and-pencil questionnaire and a one-on-one interview, which assessed suicidal behaviours as well as risk factors (e.g. drug involvement, emotional distress, stress), and protective factors (e.g. self-esteem, coping, support). Analysis of covariance tests, controlling for age and sex, were conducted to examine differences between the suicide risk and non-suicide risk groups on each risk and protective factor. The suicide risk subgroup reported higher levels of all risk factors, except alcohol and marijuana use, and lower levels of protective factors. While the groups did not differ on frequency of alcohol or marijuana use, they did differ on other illicit drug use and consequences of alcohol and other illicit drug use. Recommendations for nurses practising in school settings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Walsh
- Reconnecting Youth Prevention Research Program, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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39
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Thompson MP, Ho CH, Kingree JB. Prospective associations between delinquency and suicidal behaviors in a nationally representative sample. J Adolesc Health 2007; 40:232-7. [PMID: 17321423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the prospective associations between delinquency and suicidal behaviors among adolescents using a nationally representative sample. METHODS The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health was used to assess the prospective associations between delinquency at ages 12-17 years and suicidal behaviors (ideation, attempts, treatment for attempts) 1 and 7 years later. RESULTS Controlling for demographic variables, delinquency was prospectively associated with an increased risk for all three suicidal behaviors 1 year later, and to ideations and attempts 7 years later. After controlling for other risk factors (i.e., depression, self-esteem, problem drinking, impulsivity, religiosity), delinquency was still significantly related to an increased likelihood for suicidal ideation 1 and 7 years later, and to suicide attempts 1 year later. Further, delinquency was significantly related to suicidal ideation for girls more than for boys. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that delinquent youth, particularly delinquent girls, should be targeted in interventions to reduce suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martie P Thompson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
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40
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Lohner J, Konrad N. Risk factors for self‐injurious behaviour in custody: Problems of definition and prediction. Int J Prison Health 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/17449200701321654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Sukhodolsky DG, Ruchkin V. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments in the juvenile justice system. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2006; 15:501-16, x. [PMID: 16527668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the past three decades, considerable progress has been made in the development, implementation, and evaluation of psychosocial treatments focused on alleviation of risk factors of delinquency, reduction of juvenile crime, and prevention of recidivism. This article reviews selected youth-, family-, and community-based psychosocial treatments for delinquent behavior that are likely to be used in the juvenile justice system and evidence-based psychosocial treatments for internalizing disorders that have a potential for being successfully implemented in the juvenile justice system. The authors discuss the practical issues in dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychosocial treatments in the juvenile justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis G Sukhodolsky
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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42
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Abstract
This article first reviews ways to assess children in the justice system who may benefit from psychopharmacologic treatments. Second, it summarizes the emerging understanding of the nature of aggression and violence and the utility of using the schema of reactive ("hot") and proactive ("cold") aggression as a way to consider pharmacologic options. Third, it summarizes the current published studies on the treatment of conduct disorder, which roughly corresponds to the population of children in the juvenile justice system. Finally, it examines the ways that different classes of medications might be considered when approaching juvenile delinquents and the ways that psychopharmacology could be used as part of an overall treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie V Soller
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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43
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Vermeiren R, Jespers I, Moffitt T. Mental health problems in juvenile justice populations. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2006; 15:333-51, vii-viii. [PMID: 16527659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The limited literature on mental health problems in juvenile justice population has reported that most youth in juvenile justice hold psychiatric pathology. Although conduct disorder and substance abuse are the most prevalent conditions in this population, many other diagnoses can be found at alarmingly high rates; research on other diagnoses (eg, autism, psychosis) is limited. This finding underscores the necessity of implementing adequate diagnostic assessment within forensic settings and of developing interventions programs that take into account the presence of psychiatric problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vermeiren
- VU University Medical Center/Leiden University, P/a De Bascule, Postbus 303, 1115 ZG Duivendrecht, The Netherlands.
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44
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Brezo J, Paris J, Turecki G. Personality traits as correlates of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide completions: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 113:180-206. [PMID: 16466403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Involvement of personality traits in susceptibility to suicidality has been the subject of research since the 1950s. Because of the diversity of conceptual and methodological approaches, the extent of their independent contribution has been difficult to establish. Here, we review conceptual background and empirical evidence investigating roles of traits in suicidal behaviors. METHOD We selected original studies published in English in MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases, focusing on suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, or suicide completions, and using standardized personality measures. RESULTS Most studies focused on investigating risk for suicide attempts. Hopelessness, neuroticism, and extroversion hold the most promise in relation to risk screening across all three suicidal behaviors. More research is needed regarding aggression, impulsivity, anger, irritability, hostility, and anxiety. CONCLUSION Selected personality traits may be useful markers of suicide risk. Future research needs to establish their contributions in relation to environmental and genetic variation in different gender, age, and ethnocultural groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brezo
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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45
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Thompson MP, Kingree JB, Ho CH. Associations between delinquency and suicidal behaviors in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2006; 36:57-64. [PMID: 16676626 DOI: 10.1521/suli.2006.36.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Suicide was the second leading cause of death for 14-17 years olds in 2002. Prior studies indicate that suicidal behaviors are especially common among juvenile delinquents, yet this association has not been examined in a national sample. The 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System was used to examine associations between suicidal behaviors and delinquency in a nationally representative sample of 14-17 year olds. Results indicated that delinquent adolescents were more likely to have seriously considered suicide (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.44), made a suicide plan (AOR = 4.90), attempted suicide (AOR = 10.08), and required medical treatment after attempting suicide (AOR = 14.61) compared to their nondelinquent counterparts. Delinquency was significantly related to suicidal behaviors for boys and girls, but the magnitudes of effects were larger for girls. This finding suggests that delinquent youth, particularly delinquent girls, should be targeted in interventions to reduce suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martie P Thompson
- Department of Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0745, USA.
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46
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Renaud J, Chagnon F, Turecki G, Marquette C. Completed suicides in a youth centres population. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2005; 50:690-4. [PMID: 16363461 DOI: 10.1177/070674370505001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE From 1995 to 2000, 422 youths, aged 18 years and under, died as a result of suicide in Quebec. More than one-third had received services from youth centres (YCs) at some point. This study sought to characterize a sample of those youths to improve services for this at-risk population. METHOD From a retrospective study of YCs and coroner's office files, we investigated the clinical features of youths who had received YC services and died by suicide. We compared them with YC patients matched for age, sex, and geographic area who had reported suicidal behaviour or who had no such symptoms. RESULTS Among those who committed suicide, we found a ratio of 3.8 boys for 1 girl, with a mean age of 16.8 years. Hanging, used by 73.6%, was the most frequent means; 53.6% had a previous suicide attempt. The group that committed suicide had more indicators of major depression, substance abuse, and disruptive behaviours, as well as more adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Interventions should focus on screening for mental disorders and suicidal behaviours on the initial contact with YC services. This screening should be implemented through a medical multidisciplinary team that includes psychoeducational services.
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47
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Hills AL, Cox BJ, McWilliams LA, Sareen J. Suicide attempts and externalizing psychopathology in a nationally representative sample. Compr Psychiatry 2005; 46:334-9. [PMID: 16122533 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is most often associated with internalizing disorders such as depression; however, recent evidence suggests that externalizing psychopathology (substance dependence disorders, antisocial personality disorder) may have an independent relationship with suicidal behavior. The aim in the present study was to examine the relationship between lifetime suicide attempts and lifetime externalizing psychopathology in the US National Comorbidity Survey data set (n = 5877). First, hierarchical regression was performed to explore the associations between internalizing and externalizing disorders and suicide attempts. Externalizing psychopathology was significantly associated with lifetime suicide attempts (adjusted odds ratio = 3.47; P < .001) and significantly improved the model beyond that including only the sociodemographic variables and internalizing psychopathology (chi(2) difference = 73.12; df = 1; P < .001). A second logistic regression was used to investigate the association between specific patterns of psychopathology and suicidality. Externalizing disorders were significantly associated with suicide attempts even in the absence of internalizing disorders (adjusted odds ratio = 5.98; 95% confidence interval = 3.07-11.67; P < .001). These findings add to the growing literature that suggests that externalizing psychopathology is an important psychiatric correlate of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Hills
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 3N4.
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48
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Dixon A, Howie P, Starling J. Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress, and psychiatric comorbidity in female juvenile offenders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005; 44:798-806. [PMID: 16034282 DOI: 10.1097/01.chi.0000164590.48318.9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in female juvenile offenders and its relationship to trauma history, comorbid diagnoses, attributional style, and family functioning. METHOD The psychological profiles and trauma histories of 100 incarcerated female juvenile offenders (ages 13.5-19 years) were assessed using a semistructured interview. Two self-report measures were used to assess family functioning and attributional style. RESULTS High rates of PTSD were reported by offenders (37%), with sexual abuse the precipitant in 70% of cases. Offenders with PTSD had significantly more comorbid diagnoses than those without (PTSD = 5.4, no PTSD = 3.1, p < .001). The majority (73%) of comorbid diagnoses appeared concurrently with or after PTSD onset. The presence of four or more psychiatric diagnoses (OR = 14.48, p < .001) and a history of sexual abuse (OR = 7.91, p < .001) were independently associated with a diagnosis of PTSD among female juvenile offenders. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a link among trauma, PTSD, and the development of further psychopathology in female juvenile offenders. This link highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of this and other comorbid disorders to ensure the effectiveness of interventions designed to treat antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dixon
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia.
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49
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Putnins AL. Correlates and predictors of self-reported suicide attempts among incarcerated youths. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2005; 49:143-157. [PMID: 15746266 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x04269412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The correlates and predictors of suicidal behaviors among 900 young offenders in detention centers in South Australia are investigated. That young offenders are a high-risk population is confirmed, with a quarter of the youths reporting recent suicidal ideation and more than a quarter reporting having made a suicide attempt. Past suicide attempts are significantly predictive of future suicide attempts. Other variables both concurrently and prospectively associated with suicidal behaviors (even after controlling for prior suicide attempt status) are substance use, prolonged dysphoric mood, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder signs, and having a bad temper. These variables not only have predictive value but should also be considered as appropriate targets when intervening to reduce suicide risk. It is suggested that impulsiveness is an underlying common factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldis L Putnins
- Department for Families and Communities-South Australia, and University of South Australia, 2 Norton Summit Rd., Magill, SA 5072, Australia.
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50
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Abstract
The article reviews the evidence on the role of childhood adversities, family structure, and parenting in youth suicidal behavior, and suggests that future suicide research could benefit from investigating how parenting can protect against suicidal behavior in young people at risk. It discusses how empirical studies have moved from routinely including various operationalizations of "non-optimal" parenting as a "risk factor" for adolescent suicidal behavior to identifying pathways of influence and buffer effects. It argues that measures (both at the micro and the macro level) that target vulnerable populations such as parents with weak material and social resources, low social and emotional support, mental health problems and few networks, and high-risk children might be beneficial in preventing youth suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Flouri
- University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, UK.
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