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Cui W, Chen F, Sun Z, Cui C, Xu B, Shen W, Wan F, Cheng A. Catabolism of phenolics from grape peel and its effects on gut microbiota during in vitro colonic fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:7182-7193. [PMID: 38624038 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape peels, the main by-products of wine processing, are rich in bioactive ingredients of phenolics, including proanthocyanidins, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Phenolics have the function of regulating intestinal microbiota and promoting intestinal health. From the perspective of the dietary nutrition of grape peel phenolics (GPP), the present study aimed to investigate the influence of GPP on the composition and metabolism of human gut microbiota during in vitro fermentation. RESULTS The results indicated that GPP could decrease pH and promote the production of short-chain fatty acids. ACE and Chao1 indices in GPP group were lower than that of the Blank group. GPP enhanced the levels of Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, Bacteroidetes and Roseburia, but reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Proteins and Genome enrichment pathways related to phenolic acid metabolism mainly included flavonoid, anthocyanin, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Gut microbiota could accelerate the release and breakdown of phenolic compounds, resulting in a decrease in the content of hesperetin-7-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside etc. In vitro antibacterial test found that GPP increased the diameters of the inhibition zones of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The results of the present study revealed that GPP might be a potential prebiotic-like to prevent diseases by improving gut health. The findings could provide a theoretical basis for the potential to exploit GPP as dietary nutrition to maintain intestinal function. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fuchun Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyue Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Caifang Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ben Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Anwei Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Ivarsson J, Bennett A, Ferrara F, Strauch R, Vallase A, Iorizzo M, Pecorelli A, Lila MA, Valacchi G. Gut-derived wild blueberry phenolic acid metabolites modulate extrinsic cutaneous damage. Food Funct 2024; 15:7849-7864. [PMID: 38962816 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01874e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
As the first line of defense, the skin is equipped with various physiological mechanisms positioned to prevent incoming oxidative damage from numerous environmental insults. With persistent exposure to the environment, understanding ways to augment the skin defenses is paramount in protecting from premature aging. In this study, we investigated the ability of five dietary phenolic metabolites, typically found in the bloodstream after wild blueberry consumption, to successfully defend the skin from UV light exposure in a novel ex vivo co-culture model of human skin explants and primary endothelial cells. Skin explants, placed in transwell inserts, were exposed to UV, and subsequently co-cultured with endothelial cells. When the endothelial cells had been pretreated with the bioactive metabolites at physiological concentrations (hippuric acid 3000 nM, isoferulic acid 1000 nM, salicylic acid 130 nM, benzoic acid 900 nM, α-hydroxyhippuric acid 400 nM) cutaneous damage was prevented on the co-cultured with UV-challenged skin explants. Co-culture with non-pretreated endothelial cells did not protect skin explants. Specifically, the pretreatment was able to reduce skin lipid peroxidation (measured as 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts), and pro-inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4). Furthermore, pretreatment with the metabolites prevented UV-induced release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-8 as well as nitric oxides (NO) levels. In addition, the metabolites showed an impressive ability to prevent the loss of cutaneous structural proteins including involucrin and collagen type 1. Of note, endothelial cells cultured with UV exposed skin explants exhibited increased oxidative stress demonstrated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) up-regulation which was significantly prevented in the metabolite treated models. These findings highlight the ability of dietary polyphenolic metabolites to improve cutaneous defenses against extrinsic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ivarsson
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
- Department of Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Abby Bennett
- Department of Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Renee Strauch
- Department of Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Andrea Vallase
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Department of Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul, South Korea
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Chen R, Zhang H, Cai J, Cai M, Dai T, Liu Y, Wu J. Germination-Induced Enhancement of Brown Rice Noodle Nutritional Profile and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Foods 2024; 13:2279. [PMID: 39063363 PMCID: PMC11275603 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored how germination influences the starch digestion and intestinal fermentation characteristics of brown rice noodle. The study began with in vitro starch digestion tests to assess how germination affects starch digestibility in brown rice noodles, revealing an increase in rapidly digestible starch content and a decrease in resistant starch content. Subsequently, an in vitro human fecal fermentation model was used to simulate the human intestinal environment, showing that germination altered pH levels and the production of short-chain fatty acids, particularly by increasing propionate while decreasing acetate and butyrate. Additionally, the study noted a decrease in gut microbiota diversity following fermentation, accompanied by an increase in Megamonas growth and a decrease in Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. In conclusion, these findings suggest that germination could enhance the nutritional value and intestinal probiotic properties of brown rice noodles. This research contributes valuable insights into the role of germination in improving the nutritional properties of rice-based products and provides a foundation for further exploration into the development of health-promoting rice noodles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Jiangxi General Institute of Testing and Certification, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jiamei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingxi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Taotao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Moselhy SN, Al-Nashwi AA, Raya-Álvarez E, Abu Zaid FO, Shalaby HST, El-Khadragy MF, Shahein MR, Hafiz AA, Aljehani AA, Agil A, Elmahallawy EK. Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of healthy juices containing aloe vera gel and probiotics and their antidiabetic effects on albino rats. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1328548. [PMID: 39081678 PMCID: PMC11288179 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1328548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fruit and vegetable juices is widely recognized as a healthy choice across all age groups. Orange, carrot, and aloe vera are renowned for their functional properties and health benefits. In this study, we investigated the potential incorporation of aloe vera gel into blended orange and carrot juices. We also evaluated the resulting mixed probiotic juices (chemical, microbiological, and sensory aspects) during a 14-day storage period at refrigerator temperature. The chemical composition and phytochemical structure of aloe vera gel were examined, followed by an assessment of the biological effects of these healthy juices on diabetic albino rats. The results indicated improvements in total soluble solids, reducing sugars, and total sugars with increasing storage duration. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that incorporating aloe vera into the natural mixed juices enhanced their phytochemical quality. The treatment supplemented with aloe vera gel gave the highest total content of phenolic and flavonoid substances, which were 310 mg of GAE/100 g and 175 mg of quercetin/100 g, respectively. Probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bb12, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299V, and Lactobacillus acidophilus L10) exhibited good viable cell counts in orange and mixed orange and carrot probiotics juices with viable counts of 7.42-8.07 log CFU/mL. Regarding sensory attributes, the study found that increasing the ratio of orange juice improved the taste while increasing the ratio of carrot juice enhanced the color in juice mixtures. Incorporation of aloe vera into mixed natural juices also enhanced the reduction of blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, creatinine, ALT, AST, and urea levels while increasing total protein and HDL levels in diabetic rats. Based on these findings, oranges, carrots, and aloe vera offer the potential to produce new, flavorful, nutritious, and appealing juices. Moreover, this study determined that a functional juice with favorable sensory properties can be created by blending 75% orange juice, 20% carrot juice, and 5% aloe vera gel. Additionally, aloe vera demonstrated greater efficacy as an antidiabetic agent in rats. Further research is suggested to explore the potential advantages of aloe vera gel and probiotic juices in mitigating diabetes and other metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Naiim Moselhy
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | - Fouad Omar Abu Zaid
- Agri- Industrialization Unit, Plant Production Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Manal F. El-Khadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Ramadan Shahein
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amin A. Hafiz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A. Aljehani
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Agil
- Department of Pharmacology, Biohealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada) and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Behounek M, Cochran D, Motta-Romero HA, Yang Q, Ding W, Morton M, Majumder K, Powers R, Rose DJ. In Vitro Fermentation of Animal and Plant Protein Isolates by the Human Gut Microbiota Under High and Low Carbohydrate Conditions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300555. [PMID: 39059012 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE There is a lack of research comparing how different protein isolates influence the microbiome, especially when carbohydrate (CHO) availability is varied. The objective is to determine changes in gut microbiota composition and function during fermentation of digested protein isolates under high and low CHO conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Protein isolates from beef, egg white, milk, pea, and soy are subjected to in vitro digestion and fermentation with human fecal microbiota. Under low CHO conditions, the microbiota is primarily proteolytic with decreased concentrations of peptides and increased variance among microbial taxa and production of ammonia and branched chain fatty acids by the microbiota. Milk protein not only results in the highest production of butyrate and p-hydroxyphenylacetate but also has high concentrations of deleterious fermentation metabolites. Amino acid composition of the protein isolates is significantly correlated with abundances of many microbial taxa and metabolites, but the correlations are stronger in the low CHO medium. CONCLUSION This study shows that low CHO conditions increase proteolytic fermentation and result in increased differences in microbiota response to protein isolates. It also showed that amino acid composition is highly associated with microbiota composition and function especially under low CHO conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Behounek
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Darcy Cochran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Hollman A Motta-Romero
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Qinnan Yang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Wensheng Ding
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Martha Morton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Devin J Rose
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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Deo AS, Devi PJA, Sijisha KS, Anusha R, Mishra T, Mathew S, Abraham KM, Jagadish R, Priya S. Comparative studies on the antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of green tea, orthodox black tea and CTC black tea. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:1315-1325. [PMID: 38910922 PMCID: PMC11190107 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Tea is a natural dietary supplement rich in polyphenols and based on the manufacturing process, their polyphenol content also varies. In the present study, we have compared the in vitro antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of green tea (GT), orthodox black tea (oBT) and CTC black tea (cBT). The analysis was carried out in 50:50 ethanol:water extracts. The total antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol content and free radical scavenging activity were found to be high in GT samples. HPLC profiling indicated a higher percentage of polyphenols like catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin-gallate in GT when compared to other samples. The comparison of the anticancer potential was done in breast cancer MDA MB-231 cells and it was found that GT has a higher percentage of cell growth inhibition than oBT and cBT. Anti-inflammatory effects were done in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells and here also GT showed maximum effects. This was confirmed by the lower production of iNOS, reduced level of ROS generation and proinflammatory cytokines such as MCP-1, IL-1ɑ, and IL-6 by GT. To conclude, the order for the biological effectiveness of different teas tested is in the order GT > oBT > cBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Singha Deo
- Biochemistry Section, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 019 India
- Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, 495 009 Chhattisgarh India
| | - P. J. Asheela Devi
- Biochemistry Section, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 019 India
| | - K. S. Sijisha
- Biochemistry Section, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 019 India
| | - R. Anusha
- Biochemistry Section, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Tripti Mishra
- Biochemistry Section, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Siby Mathew
- Kannan Devan Hills Plantations Company Pvt Ltd., Munnar, 685 612 Kerala India
| | - K. Mathew Abraham
- Kannan Devan Hills Plantations Company Pvt Ltd., Munnar, 685 612 Kerala India
| | - R. Jagadish
- Kannan Devan Hills Plantations Company Pvt Ltd., Munnar, 685 612 Kerala India
| | - S. Priya
- Biochemistry Section, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
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Sehrawat N, Yadav M, Sharma AK, Sharma V, Chandran D, Chakraborty S, Dey A, Chauhan SC, Dhama K. Dietary mung bean as promising food for human health: gut microbiota modulation and insight into factors, regulation, mechanisms and therapeutics-an update. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2035-2045. [PMID: 39130662 PMCID: PMC11315822 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-based functional foods have gained wider attention in current scenario with mung bean harboring several bioactive compounds with promising gut health benefits and pharmacological importance. Consumption of mung bean has a positive impact on beneficial gut microbes and microbial metabolite production. The effects of dietary mung bean on gut microbial homeostasis and the management of gut-related diseases along with the possible mechanism of action, have been highlighted through this review paving a way for a promising role of dietary mung bean as a functional food in the management of gut-related diseases for example mung bean peptides can help not only in treating prediabetes but also delaying the aging process by targeting the intestinal microflora. In addition, expanding our knowledge of how diets affect host health and disease, including the effects of mung bean dietary components on gut microbiota-derived metabolites, will eventually allow for the development of tailored diets and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Sehrawat
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana India
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 82 A, IT City Rd, Block D, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Varruchi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector 26, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, Palakkad, Kerala, 679335 India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.K. Nagar, West Tripura, Tripura 799008 India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073 India
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV), Edinburg, Texas 78504 USA
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
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Pansai N, Wungsintaweekul J, Wichienchot S. The effects of Mitragyna speciosa extracts on intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in vitro fecal fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38923512 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) has a long history of traditional use. It contains various alkaloids and polyphenols. The properties of kratom's alkaloids have been well-documented. However, the property of kratom's polyphenols in water-soluble phase have been less frequently reported. This study assessed the effects of water-soluble Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) extract (MSE) on gut microbiota and their metabolite production in fecal batch culture. RESULTS The water-soluble kratom extract (MSE0) and the water-soluble kratom extract after partial sugar removal (MSE50) both contained polyphenols, with total phenolic levels of 2037.91 ± 51.13 and 3997.95 ± 27.90 mg GAE/g extract, respectively and total flavonoids of 81.10 ± 1.00 and 84.60 ± 1.43 mg CEQ/g extract. The gut microbiota in fecal batch culture was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at 0 and 24 h of fermentation. After fermentation, MSE50 stimulated the growth of Bifidobacterium more than MSE0. MSE0 gave the highest total fatty acids level among the treatments. The phenolic metabolites produced by some intestinal microbiota during fecal fermentation at 24 h were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The major metabolite of biotransformation of both water-soluble MSEs by intestinal microbiota was pyrocatechol (9.85-11.53%). CONCLUSION The water-soluble MSEs and their produced metabolites could potentially be used as ingredients for functional and medicinal food production that supports specific gut microbiota. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattha Pansai
- Center of Excellence in Functional Foods and Gastronomy, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Juraithip Wungsintaweekul
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Center of Excellence in Functional Foods and Gastronomy, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Functional Food and Nutrition Program, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Lee Y, Yoon Y, Choi KH. Development and Evaluation of Bioconverted Milk with Anti-Microbial Effect against Periodontal Pathogens and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1290. [PMID: 39065059 PMCID: PMC11279106 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To decrease periodontal pathogens and increase the number of beneficial bacteria, probiotics and bioactive compounds made via microbial bioconversion are recently used. In addition, the interest regarding probiotics-mediated bioconversion with popular medicinal plants is increasing. Artemisia herba-alba, a type of wormwood, has recently been attention as a medicinal plant due to its various bioactive compounds. Therefore, we developed bioconverted milk containing A. herba-alba that effectively inhibited periodontal pathogens and α-glucosidase. To select the appropriate lactic acid bacteria for the probiotic candidate strain, 74 strains of lactic acid bacteria were screened. Among them, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SMFM2016-RK was chosen as the probiotic due to its beneficial characteristics such as high acid and bile tolerance, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibition. Based on the minimal bactericidal concentration against three periodontal pathogens, the following appropriate concentrations of Artemisia herba-alba extract were added to milk: 5 mg/mL of A. herba-alba ethanol extract and 25 mg/mL of A. herba-alba hot-water extract. Four bioconverted milks (BM), BM1, BM2, BM3, and BM4, were produced by combining L. plantarum SMFM2016-RK alone, L. plantarum SMFM2016-RK and ethanol extract, L. plantarum SMFM2016-RK and hot-water extract, and L. plantarum SMFM2016-RK with both extracts. As a result of antimicrobial activity, BM3 inhibited the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis the most, and BM4 suppressed the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum the most. In addition, bioconverted milk containing A. herba-alba (BM2, BM3, and BM4) inhibited α-glucosidase more effectively than BM1. The whole genome of L. plantarum SMFM2016-RK was obtained, and 3135 CDS, 67 tRNA, and 16 RNA were predicted. The genome annotation of L. plantarum SMFM2016-RK revealed 11 CDS related to proteolysis and amino acid metabolism and 2 CDS of phenolic acid-metabolizing enzymes. In conclusion, A. herba-alba-added milk bioconverted by L. plantarum SMFM2016-RK displayed both the growth inhibitory effect on periodontal pathogens and the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity; thus, it necessitates to evaluate the effects on the alleviation of periodontal diseases and glycemic control through future animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewon Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hee Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Wiss DA, LaFata EM. Ultra-Processed Foods and Mental Health: Where Do Eating Disorders Fit into the Puzzle? Nutrients 2024; 16:1955. [PMID: 38931309 PMCID: PMC11206753 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) like pastries, packaged snacks, fast foods, and sweetened beverages have become dominant in the modern food supply and are strongly associated with numerous public health concerns. While the physical health consequences of UPF intake have been well documented (e.g., increased risks of cardiometabolic conditions), less empirical discussion has emphasized the mental health consequences of chronic UPF consumption. Notably, the unique characteristics of UPFs (e.g., artificially high levels of reinforcing ingredients) influence biological processes (e.g., dopamine signaling) in a manner that may contribute to poorer psychological functioning for some individuals. Importantly, gold-standard behavioral lifestyle interventions and treatments specifically for disordered eating do not acknowledge the direct role that UPFs may play in sensitizing reward-related neural functioning, disrupting metabolic responses, and motivating subsequent UPF cravings and intake. The lack of consideration for the influences of UPFs on mental health is particularly problematic given the growing scientific support for the addictive properties of these foods and the utility of ultra-processed food addiction (UPFA) as a novel clinical phenotype endorsed by 14-20% of individuals across international samples. The overarching aim of the present review is to summarize the science of how UPFs may affect mental health, emphasizing contributing biological mechanisms. Specifically, the authors will (1) describe how corporate-sponsored research and financial agendas have contributed to contention and debate about the role of UPFs in health; (2) define UPFs and their nutritional characteristics; (3) review observed associations between UPF intake and mental health conditions, especially with depression; (4) outline the evidence for UPFA; and (5) describe nuanced treatment considerations for comorbid UPFA and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Wiss
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Nutrition in Recovery LLC, 1902 Westwood Blvd. #201, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Erica M. LaFata
- Center for Weight Eating and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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11
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Zabolotneva AA, Vasiliev IY, Grigoryeva T, Gaponov AM, Chekhonin VP, Roumiantsev SA, Shestopalov AV. Supplementation of a High-Fat Diet with Pentadecylresorcinol Increases the Representation of Akkermansia muciniphila in the Mouse Small and Large Intestines and May Protect against Complications Caused by Imbalanced Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6611. [PMID: 38928317 PMCID: PMC11204153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Imbalanced nutrition, such as a high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet, is associated with negative effects on human health. The composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota are closely related to the type of diet and have been shown to change significantly in response to changes in food content and food supplement administration. Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are lipophilic molecules that have been found to improve lipid metabolism and glycemic control and decrease systemic inflammation. Furthermore, alkylresorcinol intake is associated with changes in intestinal microbiota metabolic activity. However, the exact mechanism through which alkylresorcinols modulate microbiota activity and host metabolism has not been determined. In this study, alterations in the small intestinal microbiota (SIM) and the large intestinal microbiota (LIM) were investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet with or without pentadecylresorcinol (C15) supplementation. High-throughput sequencing was applied for jejunal and colonic microbiota analysis. The results revealed that C15 supplementation in combination with a high-fat diet could decrease blood glucose levels. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that C15 intake significantly increased (p < 0.0001) the abundance of the probiotic bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum in both the small and large intestines and increased the alpha diversity of LIM (p < 0.05), but not SIM. The preliminary results suggested that one of the mechanisms of the protective effects of alkylresorcinol on a high-fat diet is the modulation of the content of SIM and LIM and metabolic activity to increase the probiotic bacteria that alleviate unhealthy metabolic changes in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Zabolotneva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (V.P.C.); (S.A.R.); (A.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Signaling Pathways, Endocrinology Research Center, 11 Dm. Ulyanova Str., Moscow 117036, Russia;
| | - Ilya Yu. Vasiliev
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Signaling Pathways, Endocrinology Research Center, 11 Dm. Ulyanova Str., Moscow 117036, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Grigoryeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia;
| | - Andrei M. Gaponov
- V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 141534, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Chekhonin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (V.P.C.); (S.A.R.); (A.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Signaling Pathways, Endocrinology Research Center, 11 Dm. Ulyanova Str., Moscow 117036, Russia;
| | - Sergei A. Roumiantsev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (V.P.C.); (S.A.R.); (A.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Signaling Pathways, Endocrinology Research Center, 11 Dm. Ulyanova Str., Moscow 117036, Russia;
| | - Aleksandr V. Shestopalov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (V.P.C.); (S.A.R.); (A.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Signaling Pathways, Endocrinology Research Center, 11 Dm. Ulyanova Str., Moscow 117036, Russia;
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12
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Mandal MK, Domb AJ. Antimicrobial Activities of Natural Bioactive Polyphenols. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:718. [PMID: 38931842 PMCID: PMC11206801 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites, polyphenols, are widespread in the entire kingdom of plants. They contain one or more hydroxyl groups that have a variety of biological functions in the natural environment. These uses include polyphenols in food, beauty products, dietary supplements, and medicinal products and have grown rapidly during the past 20 years. Antimicrobial polyphenols are described together with their sources, classes, and subclasses. Polyphenols are found in different sources, such as dark chocolate, olive oil, red wine, almonds, cashews, walnuts, berries, green tea, apples, artichokes, mushrooms, etc. Examples of benefits are antiallergic, antioxidant, anticancer agents, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antimicrobe properties. From these sources, different classes of polyphenols are helpful for the growth of internal functional systems of the human body, providing healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals, lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases, improving brain health, and rebooting our cellular microbiome health by mitochondrial uncoupling. Among the various health benefits of polyphenols (curcumin, naringenin, quercetin, catechin, etc.) primarily different antimicrobial activities are discussed along with possible future applications. For polyphenols and antimicrobial agents to be proven safe, adverse health impacts must be substantiated by reliable scientific research as well as in vitro and in vivo clinical data. Future research may be influenced by this evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- The Alex Grass Center for Drug Design & Synthesis and the Center for Cannabis Research, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
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13
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Wei X, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Long Y, Tan B, Li QX, Dong Z, Wan X. Dietary fiber and polyphenols from whole grains: effects on the gut and health improvements. Food Funct 2024; 15:4682-4702. [PMID: 38590246 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00715h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cereals are the main source of energy in the human diet. Compared to refined grains, whole grains retain more beneficial components, including dietary fiber, polyphenols, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Dietary fiber and bound polyphenols (biounavailable) in cereals are important active substances that can be metabolized by the gut microorganisms and affect the intestinal environment. There is a close relationship between the gut microbiota structures and various disease phenotypes, although the consistency of this link is affected by many factors, and the specific mechanisms are still unclear. Remodeling unfavorable microbiota is widely recognized as an important way to target the gut and improve diseases. This paper mainly reviews the interaction between the gut microbiota and cereal-derived dietary fiber and polyphenols, and also summarizes the changes to the gut microbiota and possible molecular mechanisms of related glycolipid metabolism. The exploration of single active ingredients in cereals and their synergistic health mechanisms will contribute to a better understanding of the health benefits of whole grains. It will further help promote healthier whole grain foods by cultivating new varieties with more potential and optimizing processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wei
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
- Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6706 KN, The Netherlands
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Yan Long
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Bin Tan
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
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Lu S, Cheng D, Yao H, Wen Y, Yu Y, Li H, Wang J, Sun B. Cascade Microbial Metabolism of Ferulic Acid In Vitro Fermented by the Human Fecal Inoculum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9807-9817. [PMID: 38602350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA), predominantly existing in most cereals, can modulate the gut microbiome, but the influences of its metabolites on the microbial population and FA-transforming microorganisms are still unclear. In this study, FA and its potential phenolic metabolites were fermented in vitro for 24 h with the human fecal inoculum. A comparable short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production trend was observed in the presence and absence of substrates, suggesting limited contribution of FA mechanism to SCFA formation. Dihydroferulic acid, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid were ascertained to be successive metabolites of FA, by tracking the intermediate variation. FA remarkably promoted the absolute abundances of total bacteria, while different metabolites affected bacterial growth of selective genera. Specific genera were identified as quantitatively correlating to the content of FA and its metabolites. Ultimately, FA-mediated gut microbiota modulation involves both the action of metabolizing microbes and the regulation effects of metabolites on bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Danyang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yangyang Wen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
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15
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Ma X, Niu Y, Nan S, Zhang W. Effect of Salvia sclarea L. extract on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in lambs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1367843. [PMID: 38659454 PMCID: PMC11039921 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1367843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment is to explore the effects of salvia sclarea extract on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and immune function of lambs. Sixty female lambs (Chinese Merino sheep) aged 2 months and weighing 20 ± 2 kg were selected and randomly divided into five groups of twelve lambs in each. While the control group (CK) received only basal feed, the experimental group was supplemented with different concentrations of salvia sclarea extract in the basal feed at 0.04 mL/kg (group CL1), 0.08 mL/kg (group CL2), 0.12 mL/kg (group CL3), and 0.16 mL/kg (group CL4). The feeding period was 85 days, including 15 days of pre-feeding and 70 days of regular feeding. Body weight and feed intake were recorded during the test period, and blood was collected at the end of the test for the determination of immune and antioxidant indices. The results showed that the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of lambs were significantly increased in CL3 group compared to CK group (p < 0.05). Also, the apparent nutrient digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The Dry matter, acid detergent fiber and Ether extract were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The serum levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in the CL2, CL3, and CL4 groups compared to CK group, while malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05). The serum levels of immune globulin A, immune globulin G, immune globulin M, interferon-γ, and interleukin-10 were significantly higher and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were significantly lower in the CL2, CL3, and CL4 groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of salvia sclarea extract to the ration promotes growth performance and nutrient digestion in lambs. Improvement of immune response by increasing immunoglobulin and cytokine concentrations. And it enhances the antioxidant status by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity in lambs. Introduction This study aimed to explore the effects of Salvia sclarea extract on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and immune function of the lambs. Methods Sixty female lambs (Chinese Merino sheep) aged 2 months and weighing 20 ± 2 kg were selected and randomly divided into five groups of 12 lambs each. The control group (CK) received only basal feed, whereas the experimental group was supplemented with different concentrations of salvia sclarea extract in the basal feed at 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16 mL/kg (CL1, CL2, CL3, and CL4, respectively). The feeding period was 85 days, including 15 days of pre-feeding and 70 days of regular feeding. Body weight and feed intake were recorded during the test period, and blood was collected at the end of the test to determine immune and antioxidant indices. Results The results showed that the average daily weight gain and feed intake of the lambs were significantly higher in the CL3 group than in the CK group (p < 0.05). In addition, the apparent nutrient digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber increased significantly (p < 0.05). The dry matter, acid detergent fiber, and ether extract were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Serum levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in the CL2, CL3, and CL4 groups than in the CK group, whereas malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05). The serum levels of immune globulin immune globulin A, immune globulin G, immune globulin M, interferon-γ, and interleukin-10 were significantly higher and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were significantly lower in the CL2, CL3, and CL4 groups (p < 0.05). Discussion In conclusion, the addition of the S. sclarea extract to the diet promoted growth performance and nutrient digestion in lambs. Immune response was improved by increasing Ig and cytokine concentrations. It enhances antioxidant status by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity in lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wenju Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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16
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Liu Y, Wang X, Podio NS, Wang X, Xu S, Jiang S, Wei X, Han Y, Cai Y, Chen X, Jin F, Li X, Gong ES. Research progress on the regulation of oxidative stress by phenolics: the role of gut microbiota and Nrf2 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1861-1873. [PMID: 37851871 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the increase in high-calorie diets and sedentary lifestyles has made obesity a global public health problem. An unbalanced diet promotes the production of proinflammatory cytokines and causes redox imbalance in the body. Phenolics have potent antioxidant activity and cytoprotective ability. They can scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species, and enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thus combating the body's oxidative stress. They can also improve the body's inflammatory response, enhance the enzyme activity of lipid metabolism, and reduce the contents of cholesterol and triglyceride. Most phenolics are biotransformed and absorbed into the blood after the action by gut microbiota; these metabolites then undergo phase I and II metabolism and regulate oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes. Phenolics induce the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and phase II detoxification enzymes by stimulating Nrf2 to enter the nucleus and bind to the antioxidant response element after uncoupling from Keap1, thereby promoting the production of antioxidant enzymes and phase II detoxification enzymes. The absorption rate of phenolics in the small intestine is extremely low. Most phenolics reach the colon, where they interact with the microbiota and undergo a series of metabolism. Their metabolites will reach the liver via the portal vein and undergo conjugation reactions. Subsequently, the metabolites reach the whole body to exert biological activity by traveling with the systemic circulation. Phenolics can promote the growth of probiotics, reduce the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), and improve intestinal microecological imbalance. This paper reviews the nutritional value, bioactivity, and antioxidant mechanism of phenolics in the body, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of natural antioxidants and provide a reference for elucidating the mechanism of action of phenolics for regulating oxidative stress in the body. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Liu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Natalia S Podio
- ICYTAC (Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. Dr. Juan Filloy s/n; Cdad. Universitaria, Argentina
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuyan Xu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Suhang Jiang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Wei
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuna Han
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunyan Cai
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fan Jin
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianbao Li
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Er Sheng Gong
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Gannan Characteristic Food Function Component of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
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Zhu J, Bao Z, Hu Z, Wu S, Tian C, Zhou Y, Ding Z, Tan X. Myricetin alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating gut microbiota and their metabolites. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:10. [PMID: 38472186 PMCID: PMC10933338 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Myricetin protects cardiac function in DCM. However, the low bioavailability of myricetin fails to explain its pharmacological mechanisms thoroughly. Research has shown that myricetin has a positive effect on the gut microbiota. We hypothesize that myricetin improves the development of DCM via regulating gut microbiota. METHODS DCM mice were induced with streptozotocin and fed a high-fat diet, and then treated with myricetin by gavage and high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Indexes related to gut microbiota composition, cardiac structure, cardiac function, intestinal barrier function, and inflammation were detected. Moreover, the gut contents were transplanted to DCM mice, and the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on DCM mice was assessed. RESULTS Myricetin could improve cardiac function in DCM mice by decreasing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The composition of gut microbiota, especially for short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria involving Roseburia, Faecalibaculum, and Bifidobacterium, was more abundant by myricetin treatment in DCM mice. Myricetin increased occludin expression and the number of goblet cells in DCM mice. Compared with DCM mice unfed with gut content, the cardiac function, number of goblet cells, and expression of occludin in DCM mice fed by gut contents were elevated, while cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and TLR4/MyD88 pathway-related proteins were decreased. CONCLUSIONS Myricetin can prevent DCM development by increasing the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and restoring the gut barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College (Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City), 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuoqi Hu
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenglin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuihong Tian
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueran Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zipeng Ding
- Institute of Clinical Electrocardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
- Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Wang Q, Gao T, Zhang W, Liu D, Li X, Chen F, Mei J. Causal relationship between the gut microbiota and insomnia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1279218. [PMID: 38500501 PMCID: PMC10945026 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1279218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in the gut microbiota are closely related to insomnia, but the causal relationship between them is not yet clear. Objective To clarify the relationship between the gut microbiota and insomnia and provide genetic evidence for them, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Methods We used a Mendelian randomized two-way validation method to discuss the causal relationship. First, we downloaded the data of 462,341 participants relating to insomnia, and the data of 18,340 participants relating to the gut microbiota from a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Then, we used two regression models, inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and MR-Egger regression, to evaluate the relationship between exposure factors and outcomes. Finally, we took a reverse MR analysis to assess the possibility of reverse causality. Results The combined results show 19 gut microbiotas to have a causal relationship with insomnia (odds ratio (OR): 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.05; p=0.000 for class. Negativicutes; OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.05; p=0.000 for order.Selenomonadales; OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02; p=0.003 for genus.RikenellaceaeRC9gutgroup). The results were consistent with sensitivity analyses for these bacterial traits. In reverse MR analysis, we found no statistical difference between insomnia and these gut microbiotas. Conclusion This study can provide a new direction for the causal relationship between the gut microbiota (class.Negativicutes, order.Selenomonadales, genus.Lactococcus) and insomnia and the treatment or prevention strategies of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfei Wang
- The Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianci Gao
- The Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weichao Zhang
- The Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dong Liu
- The Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Li
- The Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fenqiao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianqiang Mei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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19
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Liu S, Loo YT, Zhang Y, Ng K. Electrospray alginate microgels co-encapsulating degraded Konjac glucomannan and quercetin modulate human gut microbiota in vitro. Food Chem 2024; 434:137508. [PMID: 37738812 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Alginate microgels co-encapsulating degraded Konjac glucomannan (KGM60) underwent in vitro fecal fermentation and their effects on human microbiota and metabolites were investigated. KGM60 delayed quercetin release and enhanced phenolic metabolites production. Microgels co-encapsulating KGM60 and quercetin increased linear short chain fatty acid but decreased branched chain fatty acid production. Microgels encapsulated with quercetin with or without KGM60 decreased Firmicutes while increased Bacteroidetes over 24 h of fermentation, at genus level promoted Bacteroides growth at 24 h and decreased the abundance of Negativibacillus, Ruminococcus_NK4A214, and Christensenellaceae R_7. Faecalibacterium and Collinsella levels were exclusively promoted by microgels encapsulating KGM60 with or without quercetin, highlighting prebiotic effect of KGM60. Only microgels co-encapsulating both KGM60 and quercetin enhanced Dialister while inhibited Lachnoclostridium, indicating synergism between KGM60 and quercetin. Our study indicates that co-encapsulating KGM60 and quercetin in alginate microgel is effective in modulating human gut microbiota and metabolites production potentially beneficial to gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Liu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yit Tao Loo
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yianna Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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20
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Wang G, Ding X, Yang J, Ma L, Sun X, Zhu R, Lu R, Xiao Z, Xing Z, Liu J, Pan Z, Xu S, Sima Y. Effects of Habitual Dietary Change on the Gut Microbiota and Health of Silkworms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1722. [PMID: 38339000 PMCID: PMC10855636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiota and overall health of animals. Traditionally, silkworms are fed fresh mulberry leaves, and artificial diets do not support good health. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the dietary transition from artificial diets to mulberry leaves and the effects on the gut microbiota and physiological changes in silkworms as a model organism. With the transition from artificial diets to mulberry leaves, the diversity of the silkworm gut microbiota increased, and the proportion of Enterococcus and Weissella, the dominant gut bacterial species in silkworms reared on artificial diets, decreased, whereas the abundance of Achromobacter and Rhodococcus increased. Dietary transition at different times, including the third or fifth instar larval stages, resulted in significant differences in the growth and development, immune resistance, and silk production capacity of silkworms. These changes might have been associated with the rapid adaptation of the intestinal microbiota of silkworms to dietary transition. This study preliminarily established a dietary transition-gut microbial model in silkworms based on the conversion from artificial diets to mulberry leaves, thus providing an important reference for future studies on the mechanisms through which habitual dietary changes affect host physiology through the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xueyan Ding
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiameng Yang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lu Ma
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoning Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruihong Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Riming Lu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhitian Xiao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiyi Xing
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingbin Liu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhonghua Pan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanghu Sima
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (G.W.); (S.X.)
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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21
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Koçyiğit E, Gövez NE, Arslan S, Ağagündüz D. A narrative review on dietary components and patterns and age-related macular degeneration. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38221852 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most prevalent eye diseases among the ageing population worldwide. It is a leading cause of blindness in individuals over 55, particularly in industrialised Western countries. The prevalence of AMD increases with age, and genetic factors and environmental influences are believed to contribute to its development. Among the environmental factors, diet plays a significant role in AMD. This review explores the association between dietary components, dietary patterns and AMD. Various nutrients, non-nutrient substances and dietary models that have the potential to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation, which are underlying mechanisms of AMD, are discussed. Consuming fruits, vegetables, fish and seafood, whole grains, olive oil, nuts and low-glycaemic-index foods has been highlighted as beneficial for reducing the risk of AMD. Adhering to the Mediterranean diet, which encompasses these elements, can be recommended as a dietary pattern for AMD. Furthermore, the modulation of the gut microbiota through dietary interventions and probiotics has shown promise in managing AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Koçyiğit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Nazlıcan Erdoğan Gövez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sabriye Arslan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
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22
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Bonazzi E, Bretin A, Vigué L, Hao F, Patterson AD, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B. Individualized microbiotas dictate the impact of dietary fiber on colitis sensitivity. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:5. [PMID: 38178260 PMCID: PMC10768099 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The observation that the intestinal microbiota is central in the development of IBD suggests that dietary fiber, the microbiota's primary source of nourishment, could play a central role in these diseases. Accordingly, enriching diets with specific soluble fibers remodels microbiota and modulates colitis sensitivity. In humans, a recent study suggests that the microbiota of select IBD patients might influence the impacts they would experience upon fiber exposure. We sought here to define the extent to which individual microbiotas varied in their responsiveness to purified soluble fiber inulin and psyllium. Moreover, the extent to which such variance might impact proneness to colitis. RESULTS We observed a high level of inter-individual variation in microbiota responsiveness to fiber inulin and psyllium: while microbiotas from select donors exhibited stark fiber-induced modulation in composition, pro-inflammatory potential, and metabolomic profile, others were only minimally impacted. Mice transplanted with fiber-sensitive microbiomes exhibited colitis highly modulated by soluble fiber consumption, while mice receiving fiber-resistant microbiotas displayed colitis severity irrespective of fiber exposure. CONCLUSION The extent to which select soluble fibers alter proneness to colitis is highly influenced by an individual's microbiota composition and further investigation of individual microbiota responsiveness toward specific dietary fiber could pave the way to personalized fiber-based intervention, both in IBD patients and healthy individuals. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Bonazzi
- INSERM U1016, Team "Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases", CNRS UMR10 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Bretin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lucile Vigué
- INSERM U1016, Team "Robustness and Evolvability of Life", CNRS UMR10 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- INSERM U1016, Team "Robustness and Evolvability of Life", CNRS UMR10 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, Team "Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases", CNRS UMR10 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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23
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Li SF, Hu TG, Wu H. Fabrication of colon-targeted ethyl cellulose/gelatin hybrid nanofibers: Regulation of quercetin release and its anticancer activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127175. [PMID: 37783248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
A colon-targeted delivery system that can efficiently deliver and release quercetin is essential to improve its bioavailability. We previously found that hydrophobic ethyl cellulose (EC) nanofibers could efficiently deliver quercetin to colon, but the release of quercetin was limited. To address this problem, hydrophilic gelatin (GN) was used as a regulator, and quercetin-loaded nanofibers with different mass ratios of EC to GN (3:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) were fabricated by electrospinning. All nanofibers had a cylindrical morphology and high encapsulation efficiency (over 94 %), and there existed molecular interactions among quercetin, EC, and GN. The high GN content reduced the thermal stability of nanofibers but increased their surface wettability. Besides, these nanofibers had good stability in acidic and aqueous foods. Importantly, the release of quercetin in the simulated gastrointestinal fluid was <3 %. The addition of GN was beneficial to the release of quercetin in colon, and nanofibers with EC to GN being 1:3 had a more preferable release performance. The anticancer activity of nanofibers against HCT-116 cells was proved by inhibiting cell viability through the induction of apoptosis. Therefore, these nanofibers are potential carriers for efficient colon-targeted delivery of bioactive compounds in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Gen Hu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Lee ZJ, Xie C, Ng K, Suleria HAR. Unraveling the bioactive interplay: seaweed polysaccharide, polyphenol and their gut modulation effect. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37991467 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2274453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed is rich in many unique bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and sulfated polysaccharides that are not found in terrestrial plant. The discovery of numerous biological activities from seaweed has made seaweed an attractive functional food source with the potential to be exploited for human health benefits. During food processing and digestion, cell wall polysaccharide and polyphenols commonly interact, and this may influence the nutritional properties of food. Interactions between cell wall polysaccharide and polyphenols in plant-based system has been extensively studied. However, similar interactions in seaweed have received little attention despite the vast disparity between the structural and chemical composition of plant and seaweed cell wall. This poses a challenge in extracting seaweed bioactive compounds with intact biological properties. This review aims to summarize the cell wall polysaccharide and polyphenols present in brown, red and green seaweed, and current knowledge on their potential interactions. Moreover, this review gives an overview of the gut modulation effect of seaweed polysaccharide and polyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Jia Lee
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cundong Xie
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hafiz A R Suleria
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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25
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Li F, Zeng K, Ming J. Lowering glycemic levels via gastrointestinal tract factors: the roles of dietary fiber, polyphenols, and their combination. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-37. [PMID: 37966135 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2278169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) and polyphenols (DP) are typical blood sugar-lowering components, and both play distinct yet interconnected roles in exerting their blood sugar-lowering effects. We comprehensively summarized the single and combined effects of DF and DP on blood glucose homeostasis through regulating the relevant factors in the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGT) and lower gastrointestinal tract (LGT). In the UGT, DF slowed down glucose metabolism by enhancing digesta viscosity and hindering enzyme-substrate interaction. DP primarily targeted enzymes and substrates. When combined, DP enhanced the adsorption capacity of DF for glucose. DF weakened DP's inhibitory effect on enzymes. Both DF and DP disrupted glucose intestinal uptake via physical or genomic modulation, but the co-consumption of DF and DP demonstrated a lower inhibitory effect on glucose uptake than DP alone. In the LGT, DF and DP showed synergistic or antagonistic effects on gut microbiota. Remarkably, whole foods exhibited potent prebiotic effects due to their compound-rich matrix, potentially enhancing glucose homeostasis and expanding dietary options for glucose regulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Research Group Food Chem and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ming
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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26
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Bello-Perez LA, Flores-Silva PC. Interaction between starch and dietary compounds: New findings and perspectives to produce functional foods. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113182. [PMID: 37689934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increased prevalence of overweight, obesity, diabetes, colon cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome, dietary approaches to reduce starch digestion and regulate glucose homeostasis have gained attention. Starch is a polysaccharide in most daily food consumed as bakery products, snacks, breakfast cereals, and pasta, which are often vilified. However, it is also present in beans, lentils, and oatmeal, which are considered healthy food products. The difference relays on the food matrix and the thermal process that can produce interactions between starch and dietary compounds (protein, lipid, non-starch polysaccharide, and bioactive compounds) or among starch chains (retrogradation). Such interactions produce structural changes so the digestive enzymes cannot hydrolyze them; additionally, the physical barrier of some macromolecules (proteins, hydrocolloids) restricts starch gelatinization and accessibility of the digestive enzymes to hydrolyze the starch. The interactions mentioned above and the use of some macromolecules as physical barriers could be explored as a pathway to develop functional foods. This review analyzes the interactions between starch and dietary compounds influenced by the processing of some food matrices to better understand their potential for developing functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Bello-Perez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico.
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27
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Zapico A, Arboleya S, Salazar N, Perillán C, Ruiz-Saavedra S, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Gueimonde M, González S. Impact on Fecal Microbiota and Health-Related Markers of an Intervention Focused on Improving Eating Behavior in People at Risk of Food Insecurity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3537. [PMID: 37630728 PMCID: PMC10459582 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases are particularly prevalent among low-income individuals and are associated with the consumption of processed foods, fat, and sugars. This work aims to evaluate the impacts of a nutrition education intervention for low socio-economic individuals on sensory perception, health-related parameters and gut microbiota. Twenty low-income adults underwent a 4-week intervention. Dietary information (three 24 h recalls), detection thresholds and discrimination scores (salty and sweet), and severity of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)) were collected. Fecal microbial composition and short chain fatty acids were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA-gene sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. After the intervention, 35% of subjects presented higher compliance with dietary recommendations, increased consumption of vegetables and lignans and reduced consumption of processed meats and nitrosamines, together with depleted levels of Actinomycetota. Higher discrimination for salty and sweet and lower BDI-II scores were also obtained. This nutrition education intervention entailed changes in dietary intake towards healthier food options, reduced potentially carcinogenic compounds and improved scores for discrimination and severity of depressive symptoms. The confirmation of these results in future studies would enable the design of strategic policies contributing to the optimal nutrition of materially deprived families through affordable healthy plant-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Zapico
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Z.); (C.P.)
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.A.); (N.S.); (S.R.-S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.A.); (N.S.); (S.R.-S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.A.); (N.S.); (S.R.-S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Carmen Perillán
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Z.); (C.P.)
| | - Sergio Ruiz-Saavedra
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.A.); (N.S.); (S.R.-S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.A.); (N.S.); (S.R.-S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.A.); (N.S.); (S.R.-S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Z.); (C.P.)
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (S.A.); (N.S.); (S.R.-S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
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28
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Özyalçın B, Sanlier N. Antiobesity pathways of pterostilbene and resveratrol: a comprehensive insight. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37486219 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2238319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
It may not always be possible for obese individuals to limit energy intake or to provide and/or maintain greater energy expenditure through exercise and physical activity. Therefore, the search for effective methods for obesity continues. Recently, the anti-obesity effect of stilbenes has attracted attention. In this review, aim was evaluating the effect of pterostilbene and resveratrol against obesity and the possible mechanisms in this effect. Dietary phytochemicals can induce body weight loss by increasing basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis and/or altering lipid metabolism. Stilbenes are products of the plant phenylpropanoid pathway. Very important mechanisms for the anti-obesity impact belonging to resveratrol as well as pterostilbene include thermogenic activation in brown adipose tissue alongside the browning of white adipose tissue. Considering nutrition and dietary habits, which have an important place in lifestyle changes for both the prevention and the treatment of obesity, pterostilbene and resveratrol, which are polyphenols and stilbenes, are seen as promising. However, optimal dose, duration, mechanism, long-term safety, side effects, combination, elucidation of genomic interactions, and lifestyle modifications should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Özyalçın
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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29
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Das T, Chatterjee N, Capanoglu E, Lorenzo JM, Das AK, Dhar P. The synergistic ramification of insoluble dietary fiber and associated non-extractable polyphenols on gut microbial population escorting alleviation of lifestyle diseases. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100697. [PMID: 37206320 PMCID: PMC10189415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the pertinent research which aims at exploring the therapeutic effects of polyphenols usually misapprehends a large fraction of non-extractable polyphenols due to their poor aqueous-organic solvent extractability. These polymeric polyphenols (i.e., proanthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins and phenolic acids) possess a unique property to adhere to the food matrix polysaccharides and protein sowing to their structural complexity with high glycosylation, degree of polymerization, and plenty of hydroxyl groups. Surprisingly resistance to intestinal absorption does not hinder its bioactivity but accelerates its functionality manifolds due to the colonic microbial catabolism in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby protecting the body from local and systemic inflammatory diseases. This review highlights not only the chemistry, digestion, colonic metabolism of non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP) but also summarises the synergistic effect of matrix-bound NEPP exerting local as well as systemic health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Das
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
| | - Niloy Chatterjee
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, India
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Corresponding authors at: Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (E. Capanoglu).
| | - Arun K. Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Pubali Dhar
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
- Corresponding authors at: Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (E. Capanoglu).
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30
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Chu Z, Han S, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Luo F. Targeting gut-brain axis by dietary flavonoids ameliorate aging-related cognition decline: Evidences and mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37300491 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2222404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related cognitive impairment, mainly Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been widely studied. However, effective prevention and treatment methods are still lacking. In recent years, researchers have observed beneficial effects of plant-based supplements, such as flavonoids, on cognitive protection. This provides a new clue for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction. Studies have shown that dietary flavonoids have neuroprotective effects, but the mechanism is not clear. In this review, we systematically reviewed the research progress on the effects of dietary flavonoids on gut microbes and their metabolites, and concluded that flavonoids could improve cognitive function through the gut-brain axis. Flavonoids can be absorbed through the intestine, cross the blood-brain barrier, and enter the brain tissue. Flavonoids can inhibit the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors in brain tissue, reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress, clear neural damage proteins and inhibit neuronal apoptosis, thereby ameliorating age-related cognitive disorders. Future work will continue to explore the gut-brain axis and target genes regulated by flavonoids. In addition, clinical research and its mechanisms need to be further explored to provide solutions or advise for patients with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Chu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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31
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Grohmann T, Walker AW, Russell WR, Hoggard N, Zhang X, Horgan G, de Roos B. A grape seed and bilberry extract reduces blood pressure in individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes: the PRECISE study, a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over intervention study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1139880. [PMID: 37351191 PMCID: PMC10283353 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1139880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. T2DM prevention is largely based on weight-loss and whole diet changes, but intervention with dietary plant bioactives may also improve metabolic health. Objective To assess whether supplementation with bilberry and grape seed extract for 12 weeks improves cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals at risk of developing T2DM, and to determine whether individual treatment response is associated with differences in gut microbiota composition and levels of phenolic metabolites in blood and feces. Methods In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over PRECISE intervention study, 14 participants, aged ≥45 years, with a BMI >28 kg/m2, and having an increased risk of T2DM, received a supplement containing 250 mg of bilberry plus 300 mg of grape seed extract, or 550 mg of a control extract, per day, for 12 weeks each. Blood samples were obtained for the assessment of HbA1c, fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests, insulin, glucagon levels, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and phenolic acids. We also assessed advanced glycation end products in the skin, ambulatory 24 hours blood pressure, 7-day dietary intake by weighed food diaries, fecal levels of phenolic metabolites using LC-MS/MS and gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Results The combined bilberry and grape seed extract did not affect glucose and cholesterol outcomes, but it decreased systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressure by 4.7 (p < 0.001) and 2.3 (p = 0.0009) mmHg, respectively. Eight out of fourteen participants were identified as blood pressure 'responders'. These responders had higher levels of phenylpropionic and phenyllactic acids in their fecal samples, and a higher proportional abundance of Fusicatenibacter-related bacteria (p < 0.01) in their baseline stool samples. Conclusion Long-term supplementation with bilberry and grape seed extract can improve systolic and diastolic blood pressure in individuals at risk of T2DM. Individual responsiveness was correlated with the presence of certain fecal bacterial strains, and an ability to metabolize (epi)catechin into smaller phenolic metabolites.Clinical trial registry number: Research Registry (number 4084).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Grohmann
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alan W. Walker
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy R. Russell
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Hoggard
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Baukje de Roos
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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32
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Törős G, El-Ramady H, Prokisch J, Velasco F, Llanaj X, Nguyen DHH, Peles F. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota with Prebiotics and Antimicrobial Agents from Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102010. [PMID: 37238827 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm mushroom contains bioactive compounds with both antimicrobial and prebiotic properties, which are distributed in the mushroom mycelium, fruiting body, and spent substrate. The mushroom is rich in nondigestible carbohydrates like chitin and glucan, which act as prebiotics and support the growth and activity of beneficial gut bacteria, thereby maintaining a healthy balance of gut microbiota and reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance. The bioactive compounds in P. ostreatus mushrooms, including polysaccharides (glucans, chitin) and secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and lectins), exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. When mushrooms are consumed, these compounds can help preventing the growth and spread of harmful bacteria in the gut, reducing the risk of infections and the development of antibiotic resistance. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to determine the efficacy of P. ostreatus against different pathogens and to fully comprehend its prebiotic and antimicrobial properties. Overall, consuming a diet rich in mushroom-based foods can have a positive impact on human digestion health. A mushroom-based diet can support a healthy gut microbiome and reduce the need for antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gréta Törős
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Husbandry, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hassan El-Ramady
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - József Prokisch
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Fernando Velasco
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Xhensila Llanaj
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Duyen H H Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Dalat 70072, Vietnam
| | - Ferenc Peles
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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33
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Ye JH, Fang QT, Zeng L, Liu RY, Lu L, Dong JJ, Yin JF, Liang YR, Xu YQ, Liu ZH. A comprehensive review of matcha: production, food application, potential health benefits, and gastrointestinal fate of main phenolics. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7959-7980. [PMID: 37009832 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2194419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Matcha, a powder processed from tea leaves, has a unique green tea flavor and appealing color, in addition to many other sought after functional properties for a wide range of formulated food applications (e.g., dairy products, bakery products, and beverage). The properties of matcha are influenced by cultivation method and processing post-harvest. The transition from drinking tea infusion to eating whole leaves provides a healthy option for the delivery of functional component and tea phenolics in various food matrix. The aim of this review is to describe the physico-chemical properties of matcha, the specific requirements for tea cultivation and industrial processing. The quality of matcha mainly depends on the quality of fresh tea leaves, which is affected by preharvest factors including tea cultivar, shading treatment, and fertilization. Shading is the key measure to increase greenness, reduce bitterness and astringency, and enhance umami taste of matcha. The potential health benefits of matcha and the gastrointestinal fate of main phenolics in matcha are covered. The chemical compositions and bioactivities of fiber-bound phenolics in matcha and other plant materials are discussed. The fiber-bound phenolics are considered promising components which endow matcha with boosted bioavailability of phenolics and health benefits through modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Ting Fang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Yi Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jie Dong
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Camel Transworld (Organic Food) Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Feng Yin
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Quan Xu
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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34
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Loo YT, Howell K, Suleria H, Zhang P, Liu S, Ng K. Fibre fermentation and pig faecal microbiota composition are affected by the interaction between sugarcane fibre and (poly)phenols in vitro. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:219-233. [PMID: 36915255 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2187329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of (poly)phenol-rich sugarcane extract (PRSE), sugarcane fibre (SCFiber), and the combination of them (PRSE + SCFiber) on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production using in vitro digestion and pig faecal fermentation. Measuring total phenolic content and antioxidant activity through the in vitro digestion stages showed that PRSE + SCFiber increased the delivery of (poly)phenols to the in vitro colonic fermentation stage compared to PRSE alone. The PRSE + SCFiber modulated the faecal microbiota profile by enhancing the relative abundances of Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Blautia, and reducing the relative abundance of Streptococcus. PRSE + SCFiber also mitigated the inhibitory effects of PRSE on SCFA production. These results suggest that the inclusion of sugarcane fibre with PRSE could increase the availability of phenolic compounds in the colon and modulate the gut microbiota towards a more favourable profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yit Tao Loo
- School of Agriculture, Ecosystem, Food & Forest Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Howell
- School of Agriculture, Ecosystem, Food & Forest Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hafiz Suleria
- School of Agriculture, Ecosystem, Food & Forest Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ecosystem, Food & Forest Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siyao Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ecosystem, Food & Forest Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture, Ecosystem, Food & Forest Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Chrysohoou C, Fragoulis C, Leontsinis I, Gastouniotis I, Fragouli D, Georgopoulos M, Mantzouranis E, Noutsou M, Tsioufis KP. Cardiometabolic Care: Assessing Patients with Diabetes Mellitus with No Overt Cardiovascular Disease in the Light of Heart Failure Development Risk. Nutrients 2023; 15:1384. [PMID: 36986114 PMCID: PMC10056430 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to the development of heart failure (HF) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are multifactorial. Assessing the risk of HF development in patients with DM is valuable not only for the identification of a high-risk subgroup, but also equally important for defining low-risk subpopulations. Nowadays, DM and HF have been recognized as sharing similar metabolic pathways. Moreover, the clinical manifestation of HF can be independent of LVEF classification. Consequently, approaching HF should be through structural, hemodynamic and functional evaluation. Thus, both imaging parameters and biomarkers are important tools for the recognition of diabetic patients at risk of HF manifestation and HF phenotypes, and arrhythmogenic risk, and eventually for prognosis, aiming to improve patients' outcomes utilizing drugs and non-pharmaceutical cardioprotective tools such as diet modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chrysohoou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Christos Fragoulis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Ioannis Leontsinis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Ioannis Gastouniotis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Dimitra Fragouli
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Maximos Georgopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Mantzouranis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
| | - Marina Noutsou
- Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos P. Tsioufis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Attica, Greece
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36
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Liu S, Loo YT, Li Z, Ng K. Alginate-inulin-chitosan based microspheres alter metabolic fate of encapsulated quercetin, promote short chain fatty acid production, and modulate pig gut microbiota. Food Chem 2023; 418:135802. [PMID: 36965386 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin loaded alginate microspheres, fabricated with the inclusion of inulin as a prebiotic source and chitosan as protective coating (ALINCH-Q), were subjected to in vitro colonic fermentation using pig fecal microbiota, with empty microspheres ALINCH-E, unencapsulated quercetin UQ and media only Blank as parallel studies. ALINCH-Q altered quercetin biotransformation towards higher production of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and further metabolism of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid compared to UQ. In addition, ALINCH-Q but not ALINCH-E or UQ significantly promoted SCFAs production compared to Blank. Furthermore, the ALINCH-Q microspheres altered the microbial compositions, increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, Eubacterium, and Clostridium, while decreased that of the potentially pathogenic Enterococcus. The results suggest an interplay between the dietary fiber matrix and quercetin in producing these effects, and that ALINCH-Q could serve as a potential targeted delivery vehicle for quercetin to exert beneficial biological effects in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yit Tao Loo
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zhenzhao Li
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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37
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Zhang Y, Balasooriya H, Sirisena S, Ng K. The effectiveness of dietary polyphenols in obesity management: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human clinical trials. Food Chem 2023; 404:134668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Wang H, Xia P, Lu Z, Su Y, Zhu W. Time-restricted feeding affects transcriptomic profiling of hypothalamus in pigs through regulating aromatic amino acids metabolism. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1578-1587. [PMID: 36207281 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an effective means that can efficiently regulate the metabolism and health of animals and humans. However, the effect of TRF on hypothalamic function remains unclear. RESULTS Results showed that TRF significantly increased the activities of digestive enzymes lipase, maltase in the duodenum and lipase, trypsin in the pancreas whereas significantly decreased serum gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, glucagon-like peptide-1, cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and ghrelin. Metabolites related to amino acid metabolism, including citrulline, kynurenine, N-acetylleucine, l-tryptophan, and l-tyrosine, significantly increased in the TRF group. Differential metabolites were mainly enriched in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis of hypothalamus showed that a total of 462 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly changed by TRF. In particular, DEGs such as DDC, TH, GOT2, and DBH involved in aromatic amino acid metabolism pathways were significantly downregulated, whereas the expression of CYP1B1 was significantly upregulated. Moreover, DEGs (PDYN and PPP3CA) involved in amphetamine addiction and cocaine addiction were also downregulated in the TRF group. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggested that TRF improved the digestion and absorption of nutrients and thus increased the accessibilities of aromatic amino acids. The increasing of circulating aromatic amino acids might mediate the regulatory neuroendocrine effects of TRF regimes on the hypothalamus functions, especially on drug addictions. This study reveals a possible mechanism underlying the effects of regulating feeding patterns on the function of the hypothalamus by altering aromatic amino acids metabolism. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengke Xia
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Lu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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39
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Kosti RI, Tsiampalis T, Kouvari M, Chrysohoou C, Georgousopoulou E, Pitsavos CS, Panagiotakos DB. The association of specific types of vegetables consumption with 10-year type II diabetes risk: Findings from the ATTICA cohort study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:226-240. [PMID: 35770418 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the association between vegetable consumption, in total as well as per type/category, and 10-year type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence. METHODS The ATTICA study was conducted during 2001-2012 in 3042 apparently healthy adults living in Athens area, Greece. A detailed biochemical, clinical, and lifestyle evaluation was performed; vegetable consumption (total, per type) was evaluated through a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. After excluding those with no complete information of diabetes status or those lost at the 10-year follow-up, data from 1485 participants were used for the current analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for several participants' characteristics, including overall dietary habits, it was observed that participants consuming at least 4 servings/day of vegetables had a 0.42-times lower risk of developing T2DM (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29-0.61); the benefits of consumption were greater in women (HR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.16-0.53) compared to men (HR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.34-0.92). Only 33% of the sample consumed vegetables 4 servings/day. The most significant associations were observed for allium vegetables in women and for red/orange/yellow vegetables, as well as for legumes in men. CONCLUSIONS The intake of at least 4 servings/day of vegetables was associated with a considerably reduced risk of T2DM, independently of other dietary habits; underlying the need for further elaboration of current dietary recommendations at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena I Kosti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Thomas Tsiampalis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Matina Kouvari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ekavi Georgousopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Christos S Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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40
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Zhang J, Yu H, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Si W, Qin Y, Zhang J. Dietary Epimedium extract supplementation improves intestinal functions and alters gut microbiota in broilers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:14. [PMID: 36653873 PMCID: PMC9847172 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth-promoting antibiotics have been banned by law in the livestock and poultry breeding industry in many countries. Various alternatives to antibiotics have been investigated for using in livestock. Epimedium (EM) is an herb rich in flavonoids that has many beneficial effects on animals. Therefore, this study was planned to explore the potential of EM as a new alternative antibiotic product in animal feed. METHODS A total of 720 1-day-old male broilers (Arbor Acres Plus) were randomly divided into six groups and fed basal diet (normal control; NC), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (75 mg/kg chlortetracycline; CTC), and basal diet supplemented with 100, 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg EM extract for 6 weeks (EM100, EM200, EM400 and EM800 groups). The growth performance at weeks 3 and 6 was measured. Serum, intestinal tissue and feces were collected to assay for antioxidant indexes, intestinal permeability, lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles, microbial composition, and expression of intestinal barrier genes. RESULTS The average daily feed intake in CTC group at 1-21 d was significantly higher than that in the NC group, and had no statistical difference with EM groups. Compared with NC group, average daily gain in CTC and EM200 groups increased significantly at 1-21 and 1-42 d. Compared with NC group, EM200 and EM400 groups had significantly decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide and D-lactic acid in serum throughout the study. The concentrations of lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and SCFAs in feces of birds fed 200 mg/kg EM diet were significantly higher than those fed chlortetracycline. The dietary supplementation of chlortetracycline and 200 mg/kg EM significantly increased ileal expression of SOD1, Claudin-1 and ZO-1 genes. Dietary supplemented with 200 mg/kg EM increased the relative abundances of g_NK4A214_group and Lactobacillus in the jejunal, while the relative abundances of Microbacterium, Kitasatospora, Bacteroides in the jejunal and Gallibacterium in the ileum decreased. CONCLUSION Supplementation with 200 mg/kg EM extract improved the composition of intestinal microbiota by regulating the core bacterial genus Lactobacillus, and increased the concentration of beneficial metabolites lactic acid and SCFAs in the flora, thereby improving the antioxidant capacity and intestinal permeability, enhancing the function of tight junction proteins. These beneficial effects improved the growth performance of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China ,grid.464332.4Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China ,grid.464332.4Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China ,grid.464332.4Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China ,grid.464332.4Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Si
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China ,grid.464332.4Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China ,grid.464332.4Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China ,grid.464332.4Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
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Gaur G, Gänzle MG. Conversion of (poly)phenolic compounds in food fermentations by lactic acid bacteria: Novel insights into metabolic pathways and functional metabolites. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100448. [PMID: 36713641 PMCID: PMC9876838 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillaceae are among the major fermentation organisms in most food fermentations but the metabolic pathways for conversion of (poly)phenolic compounds by lactobacilli have been elucidated only in the past two decades. Hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids are metabolized by separate enzymes which include multiple esterases, decarboxylases and hydroxycinnamic acid reductases. Glycosides of phenolic compounds including flavonoids are metabolized by glycosidases, some of which are dedicated to glycosides of plant phytochemicals rather than oligosaccharides. Metabolism of phenolic compounds in food fermentations often differs from metabolism in vitro, likely reflecting the diversity of phenolic compounds and the unknown stimuli that induce expression of metabolic genes. Current knowledge will facilitate fermentation strategies to achieve improved food quality by targeted conversion of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael G. Gänzle
- Corresponding author. University of Alberta, Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Xiong HH, Lin SY, Chen LL, Ouyang KH, Wang WJ. The Interaction between Flavonoids and Intestinal Microbes: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020320. [PMID: 36673411 PMCID: PMC9857828 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on the interaction between flavonoids and intestinal microbes have prompted a rash of food science, nutriology and biomedicine, complying with future research trends. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and human health, but once the intestinal flora dysregulation occurs, it may contribute to various diseases. Flavonoids have shown a variety of physiological activities, and are metabolized or biotransformed by gut microbiota, thereby producing new metabolites that promote human health by modulating the composition and structure of intestinal flora. Herein, this review demonstrates the key notion of flavonoids as well as intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding about how flavonoids regulate the diseases by gut microbiota. Emphasis is placed on the microbiota-flavonoid bidirectional interaction that affects the metabolic fate of flavonoids and their metabolites, thereby influencing their metabolic mechanism, biotransformation, bioavailability and bioactivity. Potentially by focusing on the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota as well as their metabolites such as bile acids, we discuss the influence mechanism of flavonoids on intestinal microbiota by protecting the intestinal barrier function and immune system. Additionally, the microbiota-flavonoid bidirectional interaction plays a crucial role in regulating various diseases. We explain the underlying regulation mechanism of several typical diseases including gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, diabetes and cancer, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and guideline for the promotion of gastrointestinal health as well as the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Su-Yun Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ling-Li Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ke-Hui Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-83813655
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Ye Z, Liu Y. Polyphenolic compounds from rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.): The major types, biofunctional roles, bioavailability, and the influences of rapeseed oil processing technologies on the content. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112282. [PMID: 36596189 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) are the important oil bearing material worldwide, which contain wide variety of bioactive components with polyphenolic compounds considered the most typical. The rapeseed polyphenols encompass different structural variants, and have been considered to have many bioactive functions, which are beneficial for the human health. Whereas, the rapeseed oil processing technologies affect their content and the biofunctional activities. The present review of the literature highlighted the major types of the rapeseed polyphenols, and summarized their biofunctional roles. The influences of rapeseed oil processing technologies on these polyphenols were also elucidated. Furthermore, the directions of the future studies for producing nutritional rapeseed oils preserved higher level of polyphenols were prospected. The rapeseed polyphenols are divided into the phenolic acids and polyphenolic tannins, both of which contained different subtypes. They are reported to have multiple biofunctional roles, thus showing outstanding health improvement effects. The rapeseed oil processing technologies have significant effects on both of the polyphenol content and activity. Some novel processing technologies, such as aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE), subcritical or supercritical extraction showed advantages for producing rapeseed oil with higher level of polyphenols. The oil refining process involved heat or strong acid and alkali conditions affected their stability and activity, leading to the loss of polyphenols of the final products. Future efforts are encouraged to provide more clinic evidence for the practical applications of the rapeseed polyphenols, as well as optimizing the processing technologies for the green manufacturing of rapeseed oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Sahakyan G, Vejux A, Sahakyan N. The Role of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inflammation in the Development of T2DM-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy: Possible Preventive Action of Tannins and Other Oligomeric Polyphenols. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249035. [PMID: 36558167 PMCID: PMC9786776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is manifested in more than 10% of people with diabetes. It is a common cause of kidney failure and end-stage kidney disease. Understanding of mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of diabetes-induced kidney injuries will allow for the development of more effective methods of prevention and treatment of the disease. Diabetic nephropathy is a wide-ranging complication of diabetes, and it is necessary to discuss the "weight" of pro-inflammatory pathways and molecules in the progress of renal injuries during the development of the disease. A large spectrum of pro-inflammatory molecules and pathways participate in different stages of the pathophysiological progression of diabetic nephropathy, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, their receptors, adhesion molecules, and transcription factors. On the other hand, it is known that one of the consequences of hyperglycemia-induced ROS generation is the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cascades, which, in turn, activate the transcription of genes encoding cytokines-chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. It is a proven fact that a variety of plant secondary metabolites, such as tannins, flavonoids, and other polyphenols, demonstrate significant anti-diabetic, redox-modulating properties and effectively modulate the inflammatory response. Thus, this review is discussing the possible role of plant phenols in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Sahakyan
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism”, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences Vie Terre et Environnement, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (N.S.); Tel.: +33 3-80-39-37-01 (A.V.); Tel.: +374-60-71-05-07 (N.S.)
| | - Naira Sahakyan
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (N.S.); Tel.: +33 3-80-39-37-01 (A.V.); Tel.: +374-60-71-05-07 (N.S.)
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45
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Recent Advances in Natural Polyphenol Research. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248777. [PMID: 36557912 PMCID: PMC9787743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced by plants, which contribute to the plant's defense against abiotic stress conditions (e.g., UV radiation and precipitation), the aggression of herbivores, and plant pathogens. Epidemiological studies suggest that long-term consumption of plant polyphenols protects against cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Their structural diversity has fascinated and confronted analytical chemists on how to carry out unambiguous identification, exhaustive recovery from plants and organic waste, and define their nutritional and biological potential. The food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries employ polyphenols from fruits and vegetables to produce additives, additional foods, and supplements. In some cases, nanocarriers have been used to protect polyphenols during food processing, to solve the issues related to low water solubility, to transport them to the site of action, and improve their bioavailability. This review summarizes the structure-bioactivity relationships, processing parameters that impact polyphenol stability and bioavailability, the research progress in nanocarrier delivery, and the most innovative methodologies for the exhaustive recovery of polyphenols from plant and agri-waste materials.
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de Vasconcellos AC, Frazzon J, Zapata Noreña CP. Phenolic Compounds Present in Yerba Mate Potentially Increase Human Health: A Critical Review. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:495-503. [PMID: 36169873 PMCID: PMC9516501 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-01008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Yerba Mate (YM) is a food product derived from Ilex paraguariensis whose constituents obtained from its extract, mainly the phenolic fraction, have been linked to numerous health benefits, such as cardiovascular protection, weight reduction, glucose control, and gene modulation. However, evidences linking phenolic compounds (PC) intake and human health are still limited and often contentious. Several researches have shown that key PC elements are poorly absorbed in humans and exist predominantly as conjugates, which may not be bioactive but may play a crucial role when interacting with the gut microbiota (GM). As the intestine is the largest microorganism-populated organ in the human body, GM has been regarded as a "microbial organ", acting as a second genome for modulating the host's health phenotype. For this reason, the study of intestinal microbiota has received considerable attention in recent years. Its impact on the development of nutrition-related diseases must motivate broader researches on the interaction between YM's PC and GM regarding the production of metabolites that may influence human health. This review aimed to gather and assess the available information about how PC from YM may impact host metabolism and the immune system and GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Candal de Vasconcellos
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeverson Frazzon
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Caciano Pelayo Zapata Noreña
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Villaseñor-Aranguren M, Rosés C, Riezu-Boj JI, López-Yoldi M, Ramos-Lopez O, Barceló AM, Milagro FI. Association of the Gut Microbiota with the Host's Health through an Analysis of Biochemical Markers, Dietary Estimation, and Microbial Composition. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234966. [PMID: 36500996 PMCID: PMC9735734 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the relationship between gut microbiota composition and health parameters through specific biochemical markers and food consumption patterns in the Spanish population. This research includes 60 Spanish adults aged 47.3 ± 11.2 years old. Biochemical and anthropometric measurements, and a self-referred dietary survey (food frequency questionnaire), were analyzed and compared with the participant´s gut microbiota composition analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing. Several bacterial strains differed significantly with the biochemical markers analyzed, suggesting an involvement in the participant´s metabolic health. Lower levels of Lactobacillaceae and Oscillospiraceae and an increase in Pasteurellaceae, Phascolarctobacterium, and Haemophilus were observed in individuals with higher AST levels. Higher levels of the Christensenellaceae and a decrease in Peptococcaceae were associated with higher levels of HDL-c. High levels of Phascolarctobacterium and Peptococcus and low levels of Butyricicoccus were found in individuals with higher insulin levels. This study also identified associations between bacteria and specific food groups, such as an increase in lactic acid bacteria with the consumption of fermented dairy products or an increase in Verrucomicrobiaceae with the consumption of olive oil. In conclusion, this study reinforces the idea that specific food groups can favorably modulate gut microbiota composition and have an impact on host´s health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carles Rosés
- Servei de Genὸmica, Universitat Autὸnoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Riezu-Boj
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Yoldi
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Anna M. Barceló
- Servei de Genὸmica, Universitat Autὸnoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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48
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Zhu D, Xie T, Du R, Guo L. Characterizing the Gut Microbiota of Eurasian Otter ( Lutra lutra chinensis) and Snub-Nosed Monkey ( Rhinopithecus roxellana) to Enhance Conservation Practices in the Foping National Nature Reserve of China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223097. [PMID: 36428325 PMCID: PMC9686598 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between the microbial composition in the habitat and the gut of wildlife will contribute to conservation efforts since changes in the gut microbiome have been proven to influence the healthy and nutritional status of the host. This study analyzed the relationship between soil microbes and the microbial diversity and structure of the distal gut of the terrestrial golden snub-nosed monkey and Eurasian otter in the Foping National Nature Reserve (FNNR). A total of 15 otter fecal samples and 18 monkey fecal samples were collected from which 5 and 6 samples, respectively, were randomly selected for microbiome analysis. The remaining samples were used for fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis. Soil samples from the otter and monkey habitats at each sampling point (eight in total) were also collected for microbiome analysis. The microbial phyla with the greatest relative abundance in soil or animal samples were Proteobacteria (41.2, 32.7, and 73.3% for soil, otters, and monkeys, respectively), Firmicutes (0.4% soil, 30.1% otters, and 14.4% monkeys), Bacteroidota (5.6% soil, 17.0% otters, and 8.3% monkeys), and Acidobacteriota (24.6% soil, 1.7% otters, and 0.1% monkeys). The estimation of alpha diversity indices revealed that the feature, Chao1, and Shannon indices of the soil microbiome were the greatest (p < 0.01) among the three groups, followed by those of the otter microbiome and those of the monkey microbiome (p < 0.01). Beta diversity analyses confirmed differences in the microbiota of the three types of samples. The determination of SCFA concentration in feces revealed that total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, and isovaleric acid were greater (p < 0.05) in otters than in monkeys, while propionic acid followed the opposite pattern (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis of the microbiome and SCFA contents showed that propionic acid was positively correlated with significantly different bacterial groups, while acetic and butyric acid and total volatile acids were negatively correlated. This study confirmed that the fecal microbes of Eurasian otters and golden snub-nosed monkeys in the reserve are related to the soil microbial communities of their habitats, but they have different bacterial community structures and compositions, and there are different SCFA metabolic patterns in the gut of the two animals. The present study will help to improve wildlife protection in the FNNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Foping National Nature Reserve, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Tongtong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Ruifang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Correspondence:
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Gong W, Zhao X, Manickam S, Liu X, Li D, Han Y, Kiani H, Feng C, Tao Y. Impact of cell wall adsorption behaviours on phenolic stability under air drying of blackberry with and without contact ultrasound assistance. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Ayimbila F, Prayoonthien P, Inyod T, Haltrich D, Keawsompong S. Bioactive composition and modulatory effects of Hed-Tean-Rad Mushroom, Macrocybe crassa on gut microbiota. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:314. [PMID: 36276460 PMCID: PMC9547758 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocybe crassa (or Tricholoma crassum) is a nutrient-dense wild edible mushroom native to Thailand. The mushroom extract and its constituents have remarkable biological characteristics, but the influence of the powder on the human gut microbiota is unknown. This study investigated the bioactive composition and modulatory properties of M. crassa powder on gut microbial composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. The fermentation of M. crassa powder by human intestinal microbiota released SCFA, mainly acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. M. crassa powder significantly modulated the microbiota by increasing the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus/Enterococcus group, Atopobium, Bacteroidaceae/Prevotellaceae, and C. coccoides. F. prausnitzii, Roseburia genus, C. histolyticum and C. cluster IX, similar to that of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS). With M. crassa powder, high content of propionic acid was observed, as well as a number of Bacteroidaceae/Prevotellaceae and C. cluster IX. On the other hand, FOS caused a high acetic acid concentration and a population of Bifidobacterium spp., Atopobium cluster, Bacteroidaceae/Prevotellaceae, and C. coccoides. Therefore, this work will significantly contribute to filling the knowledge gap and revealing the significance of M. crassa in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Ayimbila
- Specialized Research Units: Prebiotics and Probiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute of Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University (CASAF, NRU-KU), Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Phatcharin Prayoonthien
- Specialized Research Units: Prebiotics and Probiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Tanapak Inyod
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Suttipun Keawsompong
- Specialized Research Units: Prebiotics and Probiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute of Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University (CASAF, NRU-KU), Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
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