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Ma Y, Li X, Liu Z, Xue X, Wang Y, Ma Y. HIF-1α-PPARγ-mTORC1 signaling pathway-mediated autophagy induces inflammatory response in pancreatic cells in rats with hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8497-8507. [PMID: 37644373 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) has rapidly increased in recent years in China. Autophagy has been implicated in the inflammatory response of pancreatic cells in HLAP, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS In this study, the role of HIF-1α-PPARγ-mTORC1 pathway-mediated autophagy in the inflammatory response of pancreatic cells and the underlying molecular mechanism were investigated in a rat model of HLAP using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, electron microscopy, and western blot analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that autophagy was significantly increased and pancreatic injury was exacerbated in HLAP rats, and the inflammatory response was further exacerbated by treatment with rapamycin but relieved by treatment with 3-MA. Hyperlipidemia induced upregulation of HIF-1α and downregulation of PPARγ, which in turn led to an increase in autophagy and consequently exacerbation of the inflammatory response of pancreatic cells. CONCLUSIONS HIF-1α-PPARγ-mTORC1 pathway-mediated autophagy plays a critical role in the inflammatory response of pancreatic cells in HLAP, and interference with the HIF-1α-PPARγ-mTOR pathway can serve as a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of HLAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Ma
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Digestive Department of Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Digestive Department of Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Zhilan Liu
- Digestive Department of Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Xiaohong Xue
- Digestive Department of Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214187, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yingcai Ma
- Digestive Department of Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, China
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Patil VS, Harish DR, Sampat GH, Roy S, Jalalpure SS, Khanal P, Gujarathi SS, Hegde HV. System Biology Investigation Revealed Lipopolysaccharide and Alcohol-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resembled Hepatitis B Virus Immunobiology and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11146. [PMID: 37446321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection caused by the hepatitis B virus is a life-threatening cause of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Researchers have produced multiple in vivo models for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and, currently, there are no specific laboratory animal models available to study HBV pathogenesis or immune response; nonetheless, their limitations prevent them from being used to study HBV pathogenesis, immune response, or therapeutic methods because HBV can only infect humans and chimpanzees. The current study is the first of its kind to identify a suitable chemically induced liver cirrhosis/HCC model that parallels HBV pathophysiology. Initially, data from the peer-reviewed literature and the GeneCards database were compiled to identify the genes that HBV and seven drugs (acetaminophen, isoniazid, alcohol, D-galactosamine, lipopolysaccharide, thioacetamide, and rifampicin) regulate. Functional enrichment analysis was performed in the STRING server. The network HBV/Chemical, genes, and pathways were constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.1. About 1546 genes were modulated by HBV, of which 25.2% and 17.6% of the genes were common for alcohol and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis. In accordance with the enrichment analysis, HBV activates the signaling pathways for apoptosis, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt, TNF, JAK-STAT, MAPK, chemokines, NF-kappa B, and TGF-beta. In addition, alcohol and lipopolysaccharide significantly activated these pathways more than other chemicals, with higher gene counts and lower FDR scores. In conclusion, alcohol-induced hepatitis could be a suitable model to study chronic HBV infection and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis for an acute inflammatory response to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Darasaguppe R Harish
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Ganesh H Sampat
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Sunil S Jalalpure
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Swarup S Gujarathi
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
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Singh VK, Srivastava M, Seed TM. Protein biomarkers for radiation injury and testing of medical countermeasure efficacy: promises, pitfalls, and future directions. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:221-246. [PMID: 37752078 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2263652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiological/nuclear accidents, hostile military activity, or terrorist strikes have the potential to expose a large number of civilians and military personnel to high doses of radiation resulting in the development of acute radiation syndrome and delayed effects of exposure. Thus, there is an urgent need for sensitive and specific assays to assess the levels of radiation exposure to individuals. Such radiation exposures are expected to alter primary cellular proteomic processes, resulting in multifaceted biological responses. AREAS COVERED This article covers the application of proteomics, a promising and fast developing technology based on quantitative and qualitative measurements of protein molecules for possible rapid measurement of radiation exposure levels. Recent advancements in high-resolution chromatography, mass spectrometry, high-throughput, and bioinformatics have resulted in comprehensive (relative quantitation) and precise (absolute quantitation) approaches for the discovery and accuracy of key protein biomarkers of radiation exposure. Such proteome biomarkers might prove useful for assessing radiation exposure levels as well as for extrapolating the pharmaceutical dose of countermeasures for humans based on efficacy data generated using animal models. EXPERT OPINION The field of proteomics promises to be a valuable asset in evaluating levels of radiation exposure and characterizing radiation injury biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meera Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Liu H, Meng W, Zhao D, Ma Z, Zhang W, Chen Z, Li Z, Zhao P. Study on mechanism of action of total flavonoids from Cortex Juglandis Mandshuricae against alcoholic liver disease based on "gut-liver axis". Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1074286. [PMID: 36712682 PMCID: PMC9873969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1074286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of total flavonoids from Cortex Juglandis Mandshuricae (TFC) on preventing alcohol-induced chronic liver injury and regulating gut microbiota in mice. The results showed that oral administration of TFC significantly attenuated alcoholic liver injury in mice. TFC improved lipid accumulation in mice with chronic alcoholic liver injury through activation of the AMPK/PPARα pathway. In addition, TFC maintained the integrity of the intestinal barrier in alcoholic mice, reducing endotoxin leakage from the intestine and further inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway. More importantly, TFC regulated the intestinal microbiota composition and certain bacteria, including Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus and others. At the same time, reduced levels of short-chain fatty acids due to alcohol consumption were restored. In summary, TFC upregulated AMPK/PPARα signaling pathway to improve hepatic fat accumulation and oxidative stress; TFC positively regulated intestinal flora composition to reduce intestinal disorders caused by alcohol consumption, and further inhibited alcohol-induced inflammatory responses through the intestinal-liver axis. The above findings may be the mechanism of TFC's pharmacological effects against alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenwen Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,Jining Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Research Institute, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Pan Zhao,
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Wu MF, Zhang GD, Liu TT, Shen JH, Cheng JL, Shen J, Yang TY, Huang C, Zhang L. Hif-2α regulates lipid metabolism in alcoholic fatty liver disease through mitophagy. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:198. [PMID: 36476627 PMCID: PMC9730692 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disordered lipid metabolism plays an essential role in both the initiation and progression of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), and fatty acid β-oxidation is increasingly considered as a crucial factor for controlling lipid metabolism. Hif-2α is a member of the Hif family of nuclear receptors, which take part in regulating hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation. However, its functional role in AFLD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS Hif-2α was upregulated in EtOH-fed mice and EtOH-treated AML-12 cells. Inhibition or silencing of Hif-2α led to increased fatty acid β-oxidation and BNIP3-dependent mitophagy. Downregulation of Hif-2α activates the PPAR-α/PGC-1α signaling pathway, which is involved in hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation, by mediating BNIP3-dependent mitophagy, ultimately delaying the progression of AFLD. CONCLUSIONS Hif-2α induces liver steatosis, which promotes the progression of AFLD. Here, we have described a novel Hif-2α-BNIP3-dependent mitophagy regulatory pathway interconnected with EtOH-induced lipid accumulation, which could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-fei Wu
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 201400 China
| | - Guo-dong Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Tong-tong Liu
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Jun-hao Shen
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Jie-ling Cheng
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Jie Shen
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Tian-yu Yang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Cheng Huang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XThe Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
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Ferdouse A, Clugston RD. Pathogenesis of Alcohol-Associated Fatty Liver: Lessons From Transgenic Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:940974. [PMID: 35864895 PMCID: PMC9294393 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.940974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major public health issue that significantly contributes to human morbidity and mortality, with no FDA-approved therapeutic intervention available. The health burden of ALD has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been associated with a spike in alcohol abuse, and a subsequent increase in hospitalization rates for ALD. A key knowledge gap that underlies the lack of novel therapies for ALD is a need to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to ALD initiation, particularly with respect to hepatic lipid accumulation and the development of fatty liver, which is the first step in the ALD spectrum. The goal of this review is to evaluate the existing literature to gain insight into the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated fatty liver, and to synthesize alcohol’s known effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. To achieve this goal, we specifically focus on studies from transgenic mouse models of ALD, allowing for a genetic dissection of alcohol’s effects, and integrate these findings with our current understanding of ALD pathogenesis. Existing studies using transgenic mouse models of ALD have revealed roles for specific genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolic pathways including fatty acid uptake, mitochondrial β-oxidation, de novo lipogenesis, triglyceride metabolism, and lipid droplet formation. In addition to reviewing this literature, we conclude by identifying current gaps in our understanding of how alcohol abuse impairs hepatic lipid metabolism and identify future directions to address these gaps. In summary, transgenic mice provide a powerful tool to understand alcohol’s effect on hepatic lipid metabolism and highlight that alcohol abuse has diverse effects that contribute to the development of alcohol-associated fatty liver disease.
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Way GW, Jackson KG, Muscu SR, Zhou H. Key Signaling in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: The Role of Bile Acids. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081374. [PMID: 35456053 PMCID: PMC9031669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a spectrum of diseases, the onset and progression of which are due to chronic alcohol use. ALD ranges, by increasing severity, from hepatic steatosis to alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC), and in some cases, can lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ALD continues to be a significant health burden and is now the main cause of liver transplantations in the United States. ALD leads to biological, microbial, physical, metabolic, and inflammatory changes in patients that vary depending on disease severity. ALD deaths have been increasing in recent years and are projected to continue to increase. Current treatment centers focus on abstinence and symptom management, with little in the way of resolving disease progression. Due to the metabolic disruption and gut dysbiosis in ALD, bile acid (BA) signaling and metabolism are also notably affected and play a prominent role in disease progression in ALD, as well as other liver disease states, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which alcohol consumption induces hepatic injury and the role of BA-mediated signaling in the pathogenesis of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson W. Way
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Kaitlyn G. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (K.G.J.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Shreya R. Muscu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (K.G.J.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (K.G.J.); (S.R.M.)
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
- Correspondence: or
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Sun FR, Wang BY. Alcohol and Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:719-730. [PMID: 34722187 PMCID: PMC8516839 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is based on the detection of liver steatosis together with the presence of metabolic dysfunction. According to this new definition, the diagnosis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is independent of the amount of alcohol consumed. Actually, alcohol and its metabolites have various effects on metabolic-associated abnormalities during the process of alcohol metabolism. Studies have shown improved metabolic function in light to moderate alcohol drinkers. There are several studies focusing on the role of light to moderate alcohol intake on metabolic dysfunction. However, the results from studies are diverse, and the conclusions are often controversial. This review systematically discusses the effects of alcohol consumption, focusing on light to moderate alcohol consumption, obesity, lipid and glucose metabolism, and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing-Yuan Wang
- Correspondence to: Bing-Yuan Wang, Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-6093. Tel: + 86-24-8328-3764, E-mail:
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Pohl K, Moodley P, Dhanda AD. Alcohol's Impact on the Gut and Liver. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093170. [PMID: 34579046 PMCID: PMC8472839 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is inextricably linked with the digestive system. It is absorbed through the gut and metabolised by hepatocytes within the liver. Excessive alcohol use results in alterations to the gut microbiome and gut epithelial integrity. It contributes to important micronutrient deficiencies including short-chain fatty acids and trace elements that can influence immune function and lead to liver damage. In some people, long-term alcohol misuse results in liver disease progressing from fatty liver to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and results in over half of all deaths from chronic liver disease, over half a million globally per year. In this review, we will describe the effect of alcohol on the gut, the gut microbiome and liver function and structure, with a specific focus on micronutrients and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Pohl
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK; (K.P.); (P.M.)
- Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Prebashan Moodley
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK; (K.P.); (P.M.)
- Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Ashwin D. Dhanda
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK; (K.P.); (P.M.)
- Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1752-432723
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Ji M, Fang C, Jia W, Du H, Xu Y. Regulatory effect of volatile compounds in fermented alcoholic beverages on gut microbiota and serum metabolism in a mouse model. Food Funct 2021; 12:5576-5590. [PMID: 34008602 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03028g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) is the main risk factor for alcoholic liver disease. However, fermented alcoholic beverages contain not only ethanol but also various volatile compounds. Currently, the effects of volatile compounds in ethanol-containing fermented beverages on gut microbiota and host metabolism are largely unclear. To fill this gap, we constructed an 8-week mice model using three types of Baijiu (a traditional fermented alcoholic beverage), sterile water and ethanol as controls. Results revealed that three types of Baijiu contain various volatiles, mainly belonging to esters, alcohols, and acids. All of Baijiu caused the lower levels of liver injury in mice than EtOH (at the same EtOH concentration) by phenotypic, biochemical and pathological analysis. We observed that Baijiu volatiles affect the gut microbiota structure and serum metabolomic patterns of mice. Compared with EtOH, Baijiu feeding profoundly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (the highest relative abundance in the Baijiu-fed group was 11.16 ± 1.52%, and in the EtOH-fed group it was 1.80 ± 0.66%). Esters, acids and phenols in volatiles showed strong positive correlations (P < 0.01, R > 0.6) with Lactobacillus. Moreover, Baijiu feeding significantly (P < 0.05) enriched serum metabolites related to bioenergy (i.e., D-glucose, the highest fold change was 1.16) and anti-inflammatory activity (i.e., arachidonic acid, the highest fold change was 1.43) as compared to EtOH. Finally, the microbial and metabolic function analysis showed that volatiles will enhance the citrate cycle and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid pathways. Overall, these data demonstrated the potential of volatile compounds for attenuating the progress of alcoholic liver disease by regulating the gut microbiota and host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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The Impact of the NLRP3 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. LIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/livers1020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of hepatic steatosis and inflammation is increasingly associated with both metabolic and alcohol-related liver conditions. Both are on the increase globally and, apart from liver transplantation, there are no licensed therapies that target the full complement of disease features. The presence of some shared pathogenic mechanisms and histological features in NAFLD and ALD suggests that it may be possible to develop markers for prognostication or staging, or indeed new therapeutic tools to treat both conditions. One such example of an approach exists in the form of the NACHT-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in hepatocyte pyroptosis, persistence, and amplification of liver inflammation and activation of profibrogenic signaling cascades. Thus, targeting elements of the pathway in NAFLD and ALD may provide a tractable route to pharmacological therapy. In this review, we summarize the contribution of this inflammasome to disease and review the current options for therapy.
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Ahnak deficiency attenuates high-fat diet-induced fatty liver in mice through FGF21 induction. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:468-482. [PMID: 33785868 PMCID: PMC8080712 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The AHNAK nucleoprotein has been determined to exert an anti-obesity effect in adipose tissue and further inhibit adipogenic differentiation. In this study, we examined the role of AHNAK in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism to prevent diet-induced fatty liver. Ahnak KO mice have reportedly exhibited reduced fat accumulation in the liver and decreased serum triglyceride (TG) levels when provided with either a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD). Gene expression profiling was used to identify novel factors that could be modulated by genetic manipulation of the Ahnak gene. The results revealed that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was markedly increased in the livers of Ahnak KO mice compared with WT mice fed a HFD. Ahnak knockdown in hepatocytes reportedly prevented excessive lipid accumulation induced by palmitate treatment and was associated with increased secretion of FGF21 and the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, which are primarily downstream of PPARα. These results indicate that pronounced obesity and hepatic steatosis are attenuated in HFD-fed Ahnak KO mice. This may be attributed, in part, to the induction of FGF21 and regulation of lipid metabolism, which are considered to be involved in increased fatty acid oxidation and reduced lipogenesis in the liver. These findings suggest that targeting AHNAK may have beneficial implications in preventing or treating hepatic steatosis.
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Sheriff L, Khan RS, Saborano R, Wilkin R, Luu NT, Gunther UL, Hubscher SG, Newsome PN, Lalor PF. Alcoholic hepatitis and metabolic disturbance in female mice: a more tractable model than Nrf2-/- animals. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm046383. [PMID: 33067186 PMCID: PMC7790192 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the dramatic acute presentation of alcoholic liver disease, with a 15% mortality rate within 28 days in severe cases. Research into AH has been hampered by the lack of effective and reproducible murine models that can be operated under different regulatory frameworks internationally. The liquid Lieber-deCarli (LdC) diet has been used as a means of ad libitum delivery of alcohol but without any additional insult, and is associated with relatively mild liver injury. The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protects against oxidative stress, and mice deficient in this molecule are suggested to be more sensitive to alcohol-induced injury. We have established a novel model of AH in mice and compared the nature of liver injury in C57/BL6 wild-type (WT) versus Nrf2-/- mice. Our data showed that both WT and Nrf2-/- mice demonstrate robust weight loss, and an increase in serum transaminase, steatosis and hepatic inflammation when exposed to diet and ethanol. This is accompanied by an increase in peripheral blood and hepatic myeloid cell populations, fibrogenic response and compensatory hepatocyte regeneration. We also noted characteristic disturbances in hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Importantly, use of Nrf2-/- mice did not increase hepatic injury responses in our hands, and female WT mice exhibited a more-reproducible response. Thus, we have demonstrated that this simple murine model of AH can be used to induce an injury that recreates many of the key human features of AH - without the need for challenging surgical procedures to administer ethanol. This will be valuable for understanding of the pathogenesis of AH, for testing new therapeutic treatments or devising metabolic approaches to manage patients whilst in medical care.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lozan Sheriff
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Reenam S Khan
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Raquel Saborano
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard Wilkin
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nguyet-Thin Luu
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ulrich L Gunther
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan G Hubscher
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Robinson KE, Shah VH. Pathogenesis and pathways: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease & alcoholic liver disease. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:49. [PMID: 33073044 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) account for the majority of hepatic morbidity and deaths due to cirrhosis in the United States. ALD is an umbrella term for a number of conditions linked to excessive alcohol consumption including simple steatosis, cirrhosis, acute alcoholic hepatitis (AH) with or without cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a complication of cirrhosis. Although it presents with histological features resembling alcohol-induced liver injury, NAFLD occurs in patients with little or no history of alcohol consumption. NAFLD is a broad-spectrum term used to describe anything from fat accumulation in hepatocytes without inflammation or fibrosis (simple hepatic steatosis) to hepatic steatosis with a necroinflammatory component (steatohepatitis) with or without associated fibrosis. The pathogenesis is not fully understood for either disease. Development of severe liver disease is highly variable amongst chronic abusers of alcohol. Sex, age, genetics, host microbiome, and behavior are all factors linked to the development of ALD. These factors also contribute to NAFLD, but by contrast, insulin resistance is widely believed to be the main driver of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis. The mechanism behind the transition from nonalcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis remains a matter of debate with insulin resistance, oxidative injury, hepatic iron, gut hormones, antioxidant deficiency, and host microbiome all suspected to play part of the role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Robinson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Li H, Ma C, Liu W, He J, Li K. Gypenosides Protect Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves Ophthalmopathy via Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Fibrosis Effects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:64. [PMID: 32462203 PMCID: PMC7405800 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of Gypenosides (Gyps) on the inflammation and fibrosis in orbital fibroblasts (OFs) in Graves ophthalmopathy (GO). Methods Bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify the enriched genes and signaling pathways related to Gyps function. For ex vivo experiments, OFs were cultured from orbital connective tissues from patients with GO. OF proliferation was estimated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Effects of Gyps treatment on interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inflammation and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibrosis were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting. OFs were treated with IL-1β or TGF-β1 in the absence or presence of Gyps pretreatment, and the levels of related mRNA or proteins were evaluated by RT-qPCR or ELISA. Results Eight inflammation-related target genes and nine fibrosis-related target genes were screened out. These genes were mainly enriched in pathways corresponding to inflammation and fibrosis, respectively. IL-1β-induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and TGF-β-induced upregulation of fibrotic mediators in OFs were downregulated by Gyps. Moreover, Gyps reduced the activation of Toll like receptors 4/nuclear factor-κ B signaling and TGF-β1/SMAD2/SMAD4 signaling in GO OFs. Conclusions Gyps could protect GO-derived OFs against IL-1β-induced inflammation and TGF-β1-induced fibrosis. Thus Gyps might have therapeutic potential on inflammation and fibrosis in GO.
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Xu JB, Gao GC, Yuan MJ, Huang X, Zhou HY, Zhang Y, Zheng YX, Wu Z, Feng JM, Wu JM. Lignans from Schisandra chinensis ameliorate alcohol and CCl 4-induced long-term liver injury and reduce hepatocellular degeneration via blocking ETBR. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112813. [PMID: 32259665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chemical hepatotoxicity, especially alcoholic liver injury (ALI), commonly occurs in young and middle-aged people who drink heavily. ALI is extremely harmful and can induce severe disease states, such as hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer, which are similar to CCl4-induced liver disease states in animals. In recent studies, the pathological changes of hepatocytes and the hepatic stellate cell have shown a significant connection between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the development of liver pathology in patients. However, the detailed pathological mechanism needs to be further studied. Schisandra chinensis, (S. chinensis), a fruit-bearing vine used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been used to treat chronic or acute diseases, including liver disease. S. chinensis-derived lignans (SCDLs) in particular have been shown to alleviate liver pathological changes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study sought to elucidate the mechanisms underlying SCDL-mediated hepatoprotection. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first used in silico target prediction and computational simulation methods to identify putative lignan-binding targets relative to the hepatoprotective effect. A gene microarray analysis was performed to identify differently expressed genes that might have significance in the disease pathological process. We then used histological analyses in a mice hepatotoxicity model to test the effectiveness of SCDLs in vivo, and a hepatocellular toxicity model to analyze the candidate-compound-mediated hepatoprotection and expression states of the key targets in vitro. RESULTS The in silico analysis results indicated that endothelin receptor B (ETBR/EDNRB) is likely a significant node during the liver pathological change process and a promising key target for the SCDL compound schisantherin D on the hepatoprotective effect; experimental studies showed that schisantherin D alleviated the EtOH- and ET-1-induced HL-7702 cell (belongs to liver parenchymal cell lines) injury ratio, decreased the expression of ETBR, and inhibited ECMs and ET-1 secretion in LX-2 cells (one form of hepatic stellate cells). SCDLs ameliorated EtOH- and CCl4-induced fibrosis formation in mice liver tissue. Liver tissue western blots of SCDL-treated mice showed downregulated α-SMA, ETBR, PLCβ, CHOP, Bax, and the apoptotic factors of cleaved-caspase 12, cleaved-caspase 9, and cleaved-caspase 3 hinted at an anti-apoptosis and hepatoprotective effect. The SCDL treatment also elevated serum glutathione (GSH) and reduced the serum-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) level. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that SCDLs prevent hepatotoxicity via their anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptosis properties. ETBR may be the key factor in promoting chemical hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Biao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Guang-Chun Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Ming-Jing Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Ya-Xin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Specific Structure of Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China
| | - Jun-Miao Feng
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China
| | - Ji-Ming Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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Roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver disease. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109176. [PMID: 32534989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a progressively aggravated liver disease with high incidence in alcoholics. Ethanol-induced fat accumulation and the subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven inflammation bring liver from reversible steatosis, to irreversible hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors and plays pivotal roles in the regulation of fatty acid homeostasis as well as the inflammation control in the liver. It has been well documented that PPARα activity and/or expression are downregulated in liver of mice exposed to ethanol, which is thought to be one of the prime contributors to ethanol-induced steatosis, hepatitis and fibrosis. This article summarizes the current evidences from in vitro and animal models for the critical roles of PPARα in the onset and progression of ALD. Importantly, it should be noted that the expression of PPARα in human liver is reported to be similar to that in mice, and PPARα expression is downregulated in the liver of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a disease sharing many similarities with ALD. Therefore, clinical trials investigating the expression of PPARα in the liver of ALD patients and the efficacy of strong PPARα agonists for the prevention and treatment of ALD are warranted.
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Guo Y, Li X, Yan S, Li Y. Metabolomic alterations associated with Kallmann syndrome. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:529. [PMID: 32411752 PMCID: PMC7214890 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to identify potential seminal plasma metabolic markers associated with disease activity in Kallmann syndrome (KS). Methods We collected medical records and seminal plasma samples from 17 KS patients and 20 age-matched healthy controls (HC) and performed metabolomics analysis using the UPLC-QTOF-MS method. Results Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the metabolomics profile of KS patients was clearly separated from HC. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that there are differential metabolites between KS patients and HC. The main metabolic pathways focus on linoleic acid (LA) metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism. Conclusions The seminal plasma metabolomics profile of KS patients has changed. Glycerophospholipids and LA are promising biomarkers for KS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Medical Science Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Songxin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Guo C, Shangguan Y, Zhang M, Ruan Y, Xue G, Ma J, Yang J, Qiu L. Rosmarinic acid alleviates ethanol-induced lipid accumulation by repressing fatty acid biosynthesis. Food Funct 2020; 11:2094-2106. [PMID: 32129352 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02357g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that rosmarinic acid is a valuable natural product for treatment of alcoholic liver disease. However, the mechanisms whereby rosmarinic acid improves alcoholic liver disease remain unclear. Here we performed experiments using a non-transformed mouse hepatocyte cell line (AML12). Oil-red O staining demonstrated that rosmarinic acid reduced ethanol-induced lipid accumulation. It was shown that rosmarinic acid prevented ethanol-induced elevation of the malondialdehyde level. We also found that rosmarinic acid inhibited ethanol-induced mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6. Metabolomics analysis revealed that rosmarinic acid ameliorated ethanol-induced fatty acid biosynthesis in the cytoplasm. In addition, palmitic acid was a candidate biomarker in cells exposed to ethanol or ethanol plus rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinic acid prevented the ethanol-induced increase in sorbitol that is a component of the polyol pathway. Moreover, we confirmed that rosmarinic acid attenuated ethanol-induced mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase, probably by modulating the AMPK/SREBP-1c pathway. Furthermore, rosmarinic acid prevented the ethanol-induced decrease in eight metabolites that are involved in mitochondrial metabolism, including glycine and succinic acid which are the components of carnitine synthesis. These results provide a crucial insight into the molecular mechanism of rosmarinic acid in alleviating ethanol-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, People's Republic of China.
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Wan YM, Li ZQ, Liu C, He YF, Wang MJ, Wu XN, Zhang Y, Li YH. Mesenchymal stem cells reduce alcoholic hepatitis in mice via suppression of hepatic neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, and of oxidative stress. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228889. [PMID: 32045450 PMCID: PMC7012433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of pluripotent cells that have been tested for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. It remains unclear whether MSCs were effective in treating mice with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and its underlying mechanism. In the present study, MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of 4-6 week-old C57BL/6N male mice. AH was induced in female mice by chronic-binge ethanol feeding for 10 days. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) transplantation of MSCs or saline were performed in mice on day 10. Blood samples and hepatic tissues were harvested on day 11. Biochemical, liver histological and flow cytometric analyses were performed. Compared to the control mice, the AH mice had significantly increased liver/body weight ratio, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferases (AST), hepatic total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic neutrophil and macrophage infiltration (P<0.001), which were markedly reduced by i.p. transplantation of MSCs (P<0.01). Compared to the control mice, the hepatic glutathione (GSH) was prominently lower in the AH mice (P<0.001), which was markedly enhanced after i.p. injection of MSCs (P<0.001). MSCs were effective for the treatment of AH mice, which might be associated with their ability in inhibiting hepatic neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, and alleviating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Meng Wan
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan province, China
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Li
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yue-Feng He
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Men-Jie Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xi-Nan Wu
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The Biomedical engineering research center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Hua Li
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Wan YM, Wu HM, Li YH, Xu ZY, Yang JH, Liu C, He YF, Wang MJ, Wu XN, Zhang Y. TSG-6 Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Induces M2 Polarization of Hepatic Macrophages in Mice With Alcoholic Hepatitis via Suppression of STAT3 Activation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:10. [PMID: 32116692 PMCID: PMC7010862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated protein 6 (TSG-6) is a secreted protein with diverse tissue protective and anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate its effective in treating mice with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and the associated mechanisms. AH was induced in 8-10 week female C57BL/6N mice by chronic-binge ethanol feeding for 10 days. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of recombinant mouse TSG-6 or saline were performed in mice on day 10. Blood samples and hepatic tissues were collected on day 11. Biochemistry, liver histology, flow cytometry, and cytokine measurements were conducted. Compared to the normal control mice, the AH mice had significantly increased liver/body weight ratio, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferases (AST), hepatic total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic macrophage infiltration, serum and hepatic interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which were markedly reduced by i.p. injection of rmTSG-6. Compared to the normal control mice, the hepatic glutathione (GSH), accumulation of M2 macrophages, serum, and hepatic IL-10 and TSG-6 were prominently reduced in the AH mice, which were significantly enhanced after i.p. injection of rmTSG-6. Compared to the normal control mice, hepatic activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was significantly induced, which was markedly suppressed by rmTSG-6 treatment. TSG-6 were effective for the treatment of AH mice, which might be associated with its ability in inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and inducing hepatic M2 macrophages polarization via suppressing STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Meng Wan
- Gastroenterology Department, the 2 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Department of Occupational, Labor and Environmental Health, Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-Mei Wu
- Gastroenterology Department, the 2 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Hua Li
- Gastroenterology Department, the 2 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, the 2 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Hui Yang
- Gastroenterology Department, the 2 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Occupational, Labor and Environmental Health, Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue-Feng He
- Department of Occupational, Labor and Environmental Health, Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Men-Jie Wang
- Department of Occupational, Labor and Environmental Health, Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi-Nan Wu
- Department of Occupational, Labor and Environmental Health, Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Wan YM, Li ZQ, Zhou Q, Liu C, Wang MJ, Wu HX, Mu YZ, He YF, Zhang Y, Wu XN, Li YH, Xu ZY, Wu HM, Xu Y, Yang JH, Wang XF. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate liver injury induced by chronic-binge ethanol feeding in mice via release of TSG6 and suppression of STAT3 activation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:24. [PMID: 31931878 PMCID: PMC6958598 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of pluripotent cells that might be used for treatment of liver disease. However, the efficacy of MSCs for mice with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow (BM) of 4–6-week-old male C57BL/6 N mice. AH was induced in female mice by chronic-binge ethanol feeding for 10 days. The mice were given intraperitoneal injections of MSCs with or without transfection or AG490, recombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated gene/protein 6 (rmTSG-6), or saline at day 10. Blood samples and hepatic tissues were collected at day 11. Various assays such as biochemistry, histology, and flow cytometry were performed. Results MSCs reduced AH in mice, decreasing liver/body weight ratio, liver injury, blood and hepatic lipids, malondialdehyde, interleukin (IL)-6, and TNF-ɑ, but increasing glutathione, IL-10, and TSG-6, compared to control mice. Few MSCs engrafted into the inflamed liver. Knockdown of TSG-6 in MSCs significantly attenuated their effects, and injection of rmTSG-6 achieved similar effects to MSCs. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was activated in mice with AH, and MSCs and rmTSG-6 inhibited the STAT3 activation. Injection of MSCs plus AG490 obtained more alleviation of liver injury than MSCs alone. Conclusions BM-MSCs injected into mice with AH do not engraft the liver, but they secrete TSG-6 to reduce liver injury and to inhibit STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Meng Wan
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650101, Yunnan Province, China.,Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Men-Jie Wang
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hui-Xin Wu
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yun-Zhen Mu
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yue-Feng He
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi-Nan Wu
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Yu-Hua Li
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hua-Mei Wu
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jin-Hui Yang
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 65010, Yunnan Province, China
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Li K, Ma C, Li H, Dev S, He J, Qu X. Medicinal Value and Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino and Its Derivatives: An Overview. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 19:2855-2867. [PMID: 31724506 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191114104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
:
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (GpM) and its derivatives, especially gypenosides
(Gyps), are widely used as safe and convenient natural herbal drugs for the treatment of many
diseases for a long time, and Gyps have different oral bioavailability (OB) values and low ability to
cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The effects of GpM and isolates on fibrosis, inflammation, oxidation,
proliferation and migration are proved. GpM shows bidirectional regulation effect on proliferation,
oxidation and apoptosis in tumor and non-tumor cells. GpM and its extractions can resist proliferation,
activate oxidation and apoptosis in tumor cells and have opposite effects on non-tumor cells. We succinctly
present some current views of medicinal value and potential therapeutic mechanisms of GpM
and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, China
| | - Sooranna Dev
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369, Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - JianFeng He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaosheng Qu
- National Engineering laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Guangxi, China
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24
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Pan W, Liu C, Zhang J, Gao X, Yu S, Tan H, Yu J, Qian D, Li J, Bian S, Yang J, Zhang C, Huang L, Jin J. Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in PPARA and EPAS1 Genes and High-Altitude Appetite Loss in Chinese Young Men. Front Physiol 2019; 10:59. [PMID: 30778304 PMCID: PMC6369186 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Appetite loss is a common symptom that occurs in high altitude (HA) for lowlanders. Previous studies indicated that hypoxia is the initiating vital factor of HA appetite loss. PPARA, EPAS1, EGLN1, HIF1A, HIF1AN, and NFE2L2 play important roles in hypoxic responses. We aimed to explore the association of these hypoxia-related gene polymorphisms with HA appetite loss. In this study, we enrolled 416 young men who rapidly ascended to Lhasa (3700 m) from Chengdu (<500m) by plane. PPARA, EPAS1, EGLN1, HIF1A, HIF1AN, and NFE2L2 were genotyped by MassARRAY. Appetite scores were measured to identify HA appetite loss. Logistic regression and multiple genetic models were tested to evaluate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk of HA appetite loss in crude and adjusted (age and SaO2) analysis. Subsequently, Haploview software was used to analyze the linkage disequilibrium (LD), haplotype construction and the association of diverse haplotypes with the risk of HA appetite loss. Our results revealed that allele “A” in PPARA rs4253747 was significantly associated with the increased risk of HA appetite loss. Codominant, dominant, recessive, and log-additive models of PPARA rs4253747 showed the increased risk of HA appetite loss in the crude and adjusted analysis. However, only dominant, overdominant, and log-additive models of EPAS1 rs6756667 showed decreased risk of HA appetite loss in the crude and adjusted analysis. Moreover, the results from haplotype-based test showed that the rs7292407-rs6520015 haplotype “AC” was associated with HA appetite loss in the crude analysis rather than the adjusted analysis. In this study, we first established the association of SNPs in PPARA (rs4253747) and EPAS1 (rs6756667) genes with susceptibility to HA appetite loss in Han Chinese young men. These findings provide novel insights into understanding the mechanisms involved in HA appetite loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jihang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xubin Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hu Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dehui Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiabei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shizhu Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The liver is the central hub of lipoprotein metabolism. A complex relationship exists between dyslipidemia and chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Recent advances in the genetics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) exemplify the pivotal role of lipoprotein metabolism in the pathogenesis of CLD. We review these relationships in four quintessential forms of CLD: NAFLD, ALD, cholestatic liver disease and cirrhosis, with a focus on recent discoveries. RECENT FINDINGS An I148 M variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) and an E167K variant in transmembrane 6 superfamily 2 (TM6SF2) are major genetic risk factors for the development and progression of NAFLD. These genetic variants also increase the risk of ALD. Both PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 are involved in the hepatic assembly of very low-density lipoprotein. The discovery of these two genetic variants highlights the risk of CLD when environmental factors are combined with functional modifications in the lipoprotein metabolism pathway. SUMMARY The relationship between CLD and lipoprotein metabolism is reciprocal. On the one hand, the progression of CLD impairs lipoprotein metabolism; on the other hand, modifications in lipoprotein metabolism can substantially increase the risk of CLD. These relationships are at play among the most common forms of CLD affecting a significant proportion of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Perez-Matos
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bynvant Sandhu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alan Bonder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenghui Gordon Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Tang R, Yang Q, Lin S, Feng Y, Yang J, Lv Q, Wu G, Hu J. Preventive or Curative Administration of Taurine Regulates Lipid Metabolism in the Liver of Rats with Alcoholic Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:119-131. [PMID: 31468391 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive consumption causes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which injures hepatocytes and induces imbalance of lipid metabolism. Taurine is known to protect the liver from various liver injuries, and relieve lipid profile. Our previous studies also found that taurine can prevent or cure ALD, reduce fat deposition, but the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, ALD rat model was established by administration of alcohol, pyrazole and high fat diet. Two percent taurine was administered at the same time or after ALD model establishment. Serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum and hepatic TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were analyzed. Real-Time RT-PCR was conducted to detect the mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA catboxylase (ACC), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1), 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl glutaric acid acyl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), peroxisome proliferators activated receptor α (PPARα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). The results showed that serum ALT, AST, serum and hepatic TC, TG and LDL-C were higher, while HDL-C in ALD model rats was lower than normal rats, the changes of which can be significantly relieved by taurine administration. mRNA expressions of ACC, FAS, CPT-1, HMGCR, PPARα and SREBP-1c which were significantly changed by ethanol can also be regulated by taurine. The results indicated that taurine can prevent and repair hepatic injury of ALD rats and balance lipid metabolism indexes in the liver, the mechanisms may involves in the regulation of related enzymes and transcriptional regulators participated in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyi Tang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunhui Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Lin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Feng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Lv
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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27
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Zheng W, Wu X, Goudarzi M, Shi J, Song W, Li C, Liu J, Chen H, Zhang X, Zeng X, Li HH. Metabolomic alterations associated with Behçet's disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:214. [PMID: 30249301 PMCID: PMC6154820 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of Behçet’s disease (BD) remains challenging due to the lack of diagnostic biomarkers. This study aims to identify potential serum metabolites associated with BD and its disease activity. Methods Medical records and serum samples of 24 pretreated BD patients, 12 post-treated BD patients, and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were collected for metabolomics and lipidomics profiling using UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-QTOF-MSE approaches. Additionally, serum samples from an independent cohort of BD patients, disease controls including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Takayasu’s arteritis (TA), Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, and HC were collected for further validation of two potential biomarkers using UPLC-QTOFMS analysis. Results Unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear separation of metabolomics profiles of BD patients from HC. Statistical analysis of the data revealed differential metabolites between BD patients and HC. The serum levels of some phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were found to be significantly lower in BD patients, while the levels of several polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were increased markedly in the BD group compared with HC. Furthermore, the serum level of two omega-6 PUFAs, linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA), were dramatically decreased in patients with remission. A validation cohort confirmed that the serum LA and AA levels in BD patients were significantly higher than those in HC and patients with RA, SLE, TA, and CD. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated good sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions The serum metabolomics profiles in BD patients are altered. Serum LA and AA are promising diagnostic biomarkers for BD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1712-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiuhua Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Maryam Goudarzi
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjing Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Heng-Hong Li
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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28
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Zhao N, Guo FF, Xie KQ, Zeng T. Targeting Nrf-2 is a promising intervention approach for the prevention of ethanol-induced liver disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3143-3157. [PMID: 29947925 PMCID: PMC11105722 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains to be a worldwide health problem. It is generally accepted that oxidative stress plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of ALD, and antioxidant therapy represents a logical strategy for the prevention and treatment of ALD. Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Activation of Nrf-2 pathway by genetic manipulation or pharmacological agents has been demonstrated to provide protection against ALD, which suggests that targeting Nrf-2 may be a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of ALD. Herein, we review the relevant literature about the potential hepatoprotective roles of Nrf-2 activation against ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fang-Fang Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ke-Qin Xie
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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29
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You M, Zhou Z, Daniels M, Jogasuria A. Endocrine Adiponectin-FGF15/19 Axis in Ethanol-Induced Inflammation and Alcoholic Liver Injury. Gene Expr 2018; 18:103-113. [PMID: 29096734 PMCID: PMC5953845 DOI: 10.3727/105221617x15093738210295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent form of liver disease, encompassing a spectrum of progressive pathological changes from steatosis to steatohepatitis to fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcoholic steatosis/steatohepatitis is the initial stage of ALD and a major risk factor for advanced liver injuries. Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from adipocytes. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15 (human homolog, FGF19) is an ileum-derived hormone. Adipocyte-derived adiponectin and gut-derived FGF15/19 regulate each other, share common signaling cascades, and exert similar beneficial functions. Emerging evidence has revealed that dysregulated adiponectin-FGF15/19 axis and impaired hepatic adiponectin-FGF15/19 signaling are associated with alcoholic liver damage in rodents and humans. More importantly, endocrine adiponectin-FGF15/19 signaling confers protection against ethanol-induced liver damage via fine tuning the adipose-intestine-liver crosstalk, leading to limited hepatic inflammatory responses, and ameliorated alcoholic liver injury. This review is focused on the recently discovered endocrine adiponectin-FGF15/19 axis that is emerging as an essential adipose-gut-liver coordinator involved in the development and progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Michael Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Alvin Jogasuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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30
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Shim K, Jacobi S, Odle J, Lin X. Pharmacologic activation of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor-α accelerates hepatic fatty acid oxidation in neonatal pigs. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23900-23914. [PMID: 29844861 PMCID: PMC5963623 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor-α (PPARα) and increasing fatty acid oxidation are important for reducing pre-weaning mortality of pigs. We examined the time-dependent regulatory effects of PPARα activation via oral postnatal clofibrate administration (75 mg/(kg-BW·d) for up to 7 days) on mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in pigs, a species with limited hepatic fatty acid oxidative capacity due to low ketogenesis. Hepatic oxidation was increased by 44-147% (depending on fatty acid chain-length) and was attained after only 4 days of clofibrate treatment. Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI) activities accelerated in parallel. The increase in CPTI activity was accompanied by a rapid reduction in the sensitivity of CPTI to malonyl-CoA inhibition. The mRNA abundance of CPTI and ACO, as well as peroxisomal keto-acyl-CoA thiolase (KetoACoA) and mitochondrial malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), also were augmented greatly. However, the increase in ACO activity and MCD expression were different from CPTI, and significant interactions were observed between postnatal age and clofibrate administration. Furthermore, the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase β (ACCβ) decreased with postnatal age and clofibrate had no effect on its expression. Collectively these results demonstrate that the expression of PPARα target genes and the increase in fatty acid oxidation induced by clofibrate are time- and age-dependent in the liver of neonatal pigs. Although the induction patterns of CPTI, MCD, ACO, KetoACoA, and ACCβ are different during the early postnatal period, 4 days of exposure to clofibrate were sufficient to robustly accelerate fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanseob Shim
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Current/Present address: Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Sheila Jacobi
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Current/Present address: Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Jack Odle
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Xi Lin
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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31
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Hong M, Cai Z, Song L, Liu Y, Wang Q, Feng X. Gynostemma pentaphyllum Attenuates the Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice: A Biomedical Investigation Integrated with In Silico Assay. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:8384631. [PMID: 29743925 PMCID: PMC5884411 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8384631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of liver disease in developed countries. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the progression of NAFLD. Modern pharmacological study and clinical trials have demonstrated the remarkable antioxidant activity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) in chronic liver disease. One aim of this study was to explore the potential protective effects and mechanisms of action of GP extract on NAFLD. The in vivo results showed that GP extract could alleviate fatty degeneration and haptic fibrosis in NAFLD mice. For exploring the hepatoprotective mechanisms of GP, we used network pharmacology to predict the potential active components of GP and their intracellular targets in NAFLD. Based on the network pharmacology results, we further utilized biomedical assays to validate this in silico prediction. The results showed that Gypenoside XL could upregulate the protein level of PPARα in NAFLD; the transcription level of several PPARα downstream target genes such as acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) also increased after Gypenoside XL treatment. The overexpression of ACO and CPT-1 may involve the hepatoprotective effects of GP and Gypenoside XL on NAFLD by regulating mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhe Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Song
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiangfei Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 665 Kongjiang Rd., Shanghai, China
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32
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Chen HJ, Liu J. Actein ameliorates hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in high fat diet-induced NAFLD by regulation of insulin and leptin resistant. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1386-1396. [PMID: 29156528 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin and leptin resistance are highly involved in metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Presently, no approved treatment is available. Actein is isolated from the rthizomes of Cimicifuga foetida, a triterpene glycoside, exhibiting important biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidant activity. However, its effects on metabolic syndrome are poorly understood. The aims of the study were mainly to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating insulin and leptin resistance, and lipogenic action of actein in high fat diet-fed mice. Our data indicated that actein-treated mice displayed lower body weight, epididymal and subcutaneous fat mass, as well as serum lipid levels. Also, improved insulin and leptin resistance were observed in actein-treated groups. Liver inflammation and fibrosis triggered by high fat diet were decreased for actein administration. Moreover, hepatic lipid accumulation was also reduced by actein along with reductions of hepatic de novo lipogenesis-linked signals in actein-treated rodents with high fat diet. High fat diet-induced activation of insulin receptor substrate 1/Forkhead box protein O1 (IRS1/FOXO1), Janus kinase 2 gene/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK2/STAT3) and Protein Kinase B/Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (AKT/GSK3β) pathways in liver was inhibited by actein, a potential mechanism by which hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptindemia and dyslipidemia were attenuated. Thus, the findings above might be of nutritional and therapeutic importance for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Desai CS, Khan KM, Ma X, Li H, Wang J, Fan L, Chen G, Smith JP, Cui W. Effect of liver histopathology on islet cell engraftment in the model mimicking autologous islet cell transplantation. Islets 2017; 9:140-149. [PMID: 28902579 PMCID: PMC5710696 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2017.1356558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory milieu in the liver as determined by histopathology is different in individual patients undergoing autologous islet cell transplantation. We hypothesized that inflammation related to fatty-liver adversely impacts islet survival. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model of fatty-liver to determine the outcome of syngeneic islet transplantation after chemical pancreatectomy. METHODS Mice (C57BL/6) were fed a high-fat-diet from 6 weeks of age until attaining a weight of ≥28 grams (6-8 weeks) to produce a fatty liver (histologically > 30% fat);steatosis was confirmed with lipidomic profile of liver tissue. Islets were infused via the intra-portal route in fatty-liver and control mice after streptozotocin induction of diabetes. Outcomes were assessed by the rate of euglycemia, liver histopathology, evaluation of liver inflammation by measuring tissue cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α by RT-PCR and CD31 expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The difference in the euglycemic fraction between the normal liver group (90%, 9/10) and the fatty-liver group (37.5%, 3/8) was statistically significant at the 18th day post- transplant and was maintained to the end of the study (day 28) (p = 0.019, X2 = 5.51). Levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were elevated in fatty-liver mice (p = 0.042, p = 0.037). Compared to controls cytokine levels were elevated after islet cell transplantation and in transplanted fatty-liver mice as compared to either fatty- or islet transplant group alone (p = NS). A difference in the histochemical pattern of CD31 could not be determined. CONCLUSION Fatty-liver creates an inflammatory state which adversely affects the outcome of autologous islet cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag S. Desai
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- CONTACT Chirag S. Desai Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina4021 Burnett Womack Building, Campus Box 7211, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Khalid M. Khan
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Henghong Li
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Lijuan Fan
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Guoling Chen
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jill P. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Wanxing Cui
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
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Ding L, Wo L, Du Z, Tang L, Song Z, Dou X. Danshen protects against early-stage alcoholic liver disease in mice via inducing PPARα activation and subsequent 4-HNE degradation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186357. [PMID: 29020055 PMCID: PMC5636149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a type of chronic liver disease caused by long-term heavy ethanol consumption. Danshen is one of the most commonly used substances in traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases, and most frequently, the ALD. The current study aims to determine the potential beneficial effect of Danshen administration on ALD and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Danshen administration improved liver pathologies of ALD, attenuated alcohol-induced increment of hepatic 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) formation, and prevented hepatic Peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha (PPARα) suppression in response to chronic alcohol consumption. Cell culture studies revealed that both hepatoprotective effect and increased intracellular 4-HNE clearance instigated by Danshen supplementation are PPARα-dependent. In conclusion, Danshen administration can protect against ALD via inducing PPARα activation and subsequent 4-HNE degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Like Wo
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medical, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Du
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Tang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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35
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Rivera P, Pastor A, Arrabal S, Decara J, Vargas A, Sánchez-Marín L, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, Bautista D, Boronat A, de la Torre R, Baixeras E, Lucena MI, de Fonseca FR, Suárez J. Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury Alters the Acyl Ethanolamine-Based Anti-Inflammatory Signaling System in Liver. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:705. [PMID: 29056914 PMCID: PMC5635604 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective mechanisms against drug-induced liver injury are actively being searched to identify new therapeutic targets. Among them, the anti-inflammatory N-acyl ethanolamide (NAE)-peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha (PPARα) system has gained much interest after the identification of its protective role in steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. An overdose of paracetamol (APAP), a commonly used analgesic/antipyretic drug, causes hepatotoxicity, and it is being used as a liver model. In the present study, we have analyzed the impact of APAP on the liver NAE-PPARα system. A dose-response (0.5-5-10-20 mM) and time-course (2-6-24 h) study in human HepG2 cells showed a biphasic response, with a decreased PPARα expression after 6-h APAP incubation followed by a generalized increase of NAE-PPARα system-related components (PPARα, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH), including the NAEs oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA) and docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide, after a 24-h exposure to APAP. These results were partially confirmed in a time-course study of mice exposed to an acute dose of APAP (750 mg/kg). The gene expression levels of Pparα and Faah were decreased after 6 h of treatment and, after 24 h, the gene expression levels of Nape-pld and Faah, as well as the liver levels of OEA and palmitoyl ethanolamide, were increased. Repeated APAP administration (750 mg/kg/day) up to 4 days also decreased the expression levels of PPARα and FAAH, and increased the liver levels of NAEs. A resting period of 15 days completely restored these impairments. Liver immunohistochemistry in a well-characterized human case of APAP hepatotoxicity confirmed PPARα and FAAH decrements. Histopathological and hepatic damage (Cyp2e1, Caspase3, αSma, Tnfα, and Mcp1)-related alterations observed after repeated APAP administration were aggravated in the liver of Pparα-deficient mice. Our results demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory NAE-PPARα signaling system is implicated in liver toxicity after exposure to APAP overdose, and may contribute to its recovery through a long-term time-dependent response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rivera
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Arrabal
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Marín
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pavón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Dolores Bautista
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Baixeras
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando R de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Hong M, Zhang Y, Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Mu S, Hao X, Feng Y. A Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the Hepatoprotective Effect of Fructus Schisandrae. Molecules 2017; 22:E1617. [PMID: 28956809 PMCID: PMC6151775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructus schisandrae (Wuweizi in Chinese), a common traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been used for centuries to treat chronic liver disease. The therapeutic efficacy of Wuweizi has also been validated in clinical practice. In this study, molecular docking and network analysis were carried out to explore the hepatoprotective mechanism of Wuweizi as an effective therapeutic approach to treat liver disease. Multiple active compounds of Wuweizi were docked with 44 protein targets related with viral hepatitis, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. A compound-target network was constructed through network pharmacology analysis, predicting the relationships of active ingredients to the targets. Our results demonstrated that schisantherin, schisandrin B, schisandrol B, kadsurin, Wuweizisu C, Gomisin A, Gomisin G, and angeloylgomisin may target with 21 intracellular proteins associated with liver diseases, especially with fatty liver disease. The CYP2E1, PPARα, and AMPK genes and their related pathway may play a pivotal role in the hepatoprotective effects of Wuweizi. The network pharmacology strategy used provides a forceful tool for searching the action mechanism of traditional herbal medicines and novel bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuzhen Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 55500, China.
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 55500, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650000, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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37
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Li D, Du Y, Yuan X, Han X, Dong Z, Chen X, Wu H, Zhang J, Xu L, Han C, Zhang M, Xia Q. Hepatic hypoxia-inducible factors inhibit PPARα expression to exacerbate acetaminophen induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:102-116. [PMID: 28583670 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a critical role in the pathogenesis of acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatocellular necrosis, and the identification of novel approaches to attenuate oxidative stress is essential to prevent/revert the disease. This study investigated the role of both HIF-1 and HIF-2 in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced oxidative stress, as well as the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we initially found that knockout of HIF-1α or HIF-2α reduced APAP toxicity, and double knockout afforded the best protection. APAP treatment led to stabilization of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α in mouse livers. Moreover, the protective effects of HIF deficiency were related to the attenuated oxidative stress. Further experiments proved that PPARα, a master regulator in cellular metabolism accounted for the HIF deficiency-caused protective impact on APAP toxicity. Inactivation of HIFs promoted the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the liver, which in turn activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Knockdown of PPARα or Nrf2 negated the hepatoprotection afforded by HIF deficiency. At last,examination of the PPARα promoter identified a HIF-binding site and HIF-dependent repression of PPARα in hepatocytes by luciferase reporter and EMSA study. Taken together, Our results demonstrate that HIFs are key suppressors of PPARα in the liver, thereby compromising the adaptive defense mechanisms against oxidative stress when confronted with APAP. These findings are important to the etiology and therapeutics of APAP hepatotoxicity. The functional link between HIFs and PPARα may have more implications in liver physiology and other pathologic conditions than APAP injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingdong Du
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, PLA No.107 hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Material, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Dong
- Transplantation Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longmei Xu
- The Central Laboratory of Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Conghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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38
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Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Singh VK, Fornace AJ. Lipidomic Signatures of Nonhuman Primates with Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic Syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9777. [PMID: 28852188 PMCID: PMC5575047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Concern over potential exposures of ionizing radiation (IR) to large populations has emphasized the need for rapid and reliable methods of biodosimetry to determine absorbed dose and required triage. Lipidomics has emerged as a powerful technique for large-scale lipid identification and quantification. Indirect effects from IR exposure generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through water hydrolysis and may subsequently damage cellular lipids. Thus, rapid identification of specific affected lipid molecules represents possible targets for biodosimetry. The current study addresses temporal changes in the serum lipidome from 4 h to 28 d in nonhuman primates (NHPs) with radiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome (6.5 Gy exposure, LD50/60). Statistical analyses revealed a highly dynamic temporal response in the serum lipidome after IR exposure. Marked lipidomic perturbations occurred within 24 h post-irradiation along with increases in cytokine levels and C-reactive protein. Decreases were observed in di- and triacylglycerides, sphingomyelins (SMs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs), and esterified sterols. Conversely, free fatty acids and monoacylglycerides significantly increased. Decreased levels of SMs and increased levels of LysoPCs may be important markers for biodosimetry ~2 d–3 d post-irradiation. The biphasic and dynamic response to the serum lipidome post-irradiation emphasize the importance of determining the temporal long-term response of possible radiation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Pannkuk
- Tumor Biology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, USA.,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA. .,Deparment of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA.
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39
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Geisler CE, Renquist BJ. Hepatic lipid accumulation: cause and consequence of dysregulated glucoregulatory hormones. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:R1-R21. [PMID: 28428362 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver can be diet, endocrine, drug, virus or genetically induced. Independent of cause, hepatic lipid accumulation promotes systemic metabolic dysfunction. By acting as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands, hepatic non-esterified fatty acids upregulate expression of gluconeogenic, beta-oxidative, lipogenic and ketogenic genes, promoting hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and ketosis. The typical hormonal environment in fatty liver disease consists of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, hypercortisolemia, growth hormone deficiency and elevated sympathetic tone. These endocrine and metabolic changes further encourage hepatic steatosis by regulating adipose tissue lipolysis, liver lipid uptake, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), beta-oxidation, ketogenesis and lipid export. Hepatic lipid accumulation may be induced by 4 separate mechanisms: (1) increased hepatic uptake of circulating fatty acids, (2) increased hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis, (3) decreased hepatic beta-oxidation and (4) decreased hepatic lipid export. This review will discuss the hormonal regulation of each mechanism comparing multiple physiological models of hepatic lipid accumulation. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is typified by increased hepatic lipid uptake, synthesis, oxidation and export. Chronic hepatic lipid signaling through PPARgamma results in gene expression changes that allow concurrent activity of DNL and beta-oxidation. The importance of hepatic steatosis in driving systemic metabolic dysfunction is highlighted by the common endocrine and metabolic disturbances across many conditions that result in fatty liver. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the metabolic dysfunction that develops as a consequence of hepatic lipid accumulation is critical to identifying points of intervention in this increasingly prevalent disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Geisler
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Benjamin J Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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40
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Hong M, Li S, Wang N, Tan HY, Cheung F, Feng Y. A Biomedical Investigation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Radix salviae miltiorrhizae and Network Pharmacology-Based Prediction of the Active Compounds and Molecular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030620. [PMID: 28335383 PMCID: PMC5372635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen in Chinese), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herb, has been used for centuries to treat liver diseases. In this study, the preventive and curative potential of Danshen aqueous extract on acute/chronic alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was studied. The in vivo results indicated that Danshen could alleviate hepatic inflammation, fatty degeneration, and haptic fibrogenesis in ALD and NAFLD models. In the aspect of mechanism of action, the significant reduction in MDA levels in both ALD and NAFLD models implies the decreased levels of oxidative stress by Danshen. However, Danshen treatment could not activate the internal enzymatic antioxidant system in ALD and NAFLD models. To further explore the hepatoprotective mechanism of Danshen, an in silico-based network pharmacology approach was employed in the present study. The pharmacological network analysis result revealed that six potential active ingredients such as tanshinone iia, salvianolic acid b, and Danshensu may contribute to the hepatoprotective effects of Danshen on ALD and NAFLD. The action mechanism may relate with regulating the intracellular molecular targets such as PPARα, CYP1A2, and MMP2 for regulation of lipid metabolism, antioxidant and anti-fibrogenesis by these potential active ingredients. Our studies suggest that the combination of network pharmacology strategy with in vivo experimental study may provide a forceful tool for exploring the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herb and developing novel bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Fan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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41
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Magdaleno F, Blajszczak CC, Nieto N. Key Events Participating in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010009. [PMID: 28134813 PMCID: PMC5372721 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It ranges from fatty liver to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The most prevalent forms of ALD are alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and alcoholic cirrhosis, which frequently progress as people continue drinking. ALD refers to a number of symptoms/deficits that contribute to liver injury. These include steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis, which, when taken together, sequentially or simultaneously lead to significant disease progression. The pathogenesis of ALD, influenced by host and environmental factors, is currently only partially understood. To date, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation from the gut to the portal blood, aging, gender, increased infiltration and activation of neutrophils and bone marrow-derived macrophages along with alcohol plus iron metabolism, with its associated increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), are all key events contributing to the pathogenesis of ALD. This review aims to introduce the reader to the concept of alcohol-mediated liver damage and the mechanisms driving injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Magdaleno
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Chuck C Blajszczak
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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42
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Furuya S, Chappell GA, Iwata Y, Uehara T, Kato Y, Kono H, Bataller R, Rusyn I. A mouse model of alcoholic liver fibrosis-associated acute kidney injury identifies key molecular pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 310:129-139. [PMID: 27641628 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical data strongly indicate that acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical complication in alcoholic hepatitis, an acute-on-chronic form of liver failure in patients with advanced alcoholic fibrosis. Development of targeted therapies for AKI in this setting is hampered by the lack of an animal model. To enable research into molecular drivers and novel therapies for fibrosis- and alcohol-associated AKI, we aimed to combine carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrosis with chronic intra-gastric alcohol feeding. Male C57BL/6J mice were administered a low dose of CCl4 (0.2ml/kg 2× week/6weeks) followed by alcohol intragastrically (up to 25g/kg/day for 3weeks) and with continued CCl4. We observed that combined treatment with CCl4 and alcohol resulted in severe liver injury, more pronounced than using each treatment alone. Importantly, severe kidney injury was evident only in the combined treatment group. This mouse model reproduced distinct pathological features consistent with AKI in human alcoholic hepatitis. Transcriptomic analysis of kidneys revealed profound effects in the combined treatment group, with enrichment for damage-associated pathways, such as apoptosis, inflammation, immune-response and hypoxia. Interestingly, Havcr1 and Lcn2, biomarkers of AKI, were markedly up-regulated. Overall, this study established a novel mouse model of fibrosis- and alcohol-associated AKI and identified key mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Furuya
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Grace A Chappell
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Iwata
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Takeki Uehara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kono
- First Department of Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease includes a broad clinical-histological spectrum from simple steatosis, cirrhosis, acute alcoholic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma as a complication of cirrhosis. The pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease can be conceptually divided into (1) ethanol-mediated liver injury, (2) inflammatory immune response to injury, (3) intestinal permeability and microbiome changes. Corticosteroids may improve outcomes, but this is controversial and probably only impacts short-term survival. New pathophysiology-based therapies are under study, including antibiotics, caspase inhibition, interleukin-22, anakinra, FXR agonist and others. These studies provide hope for better future outcomes for this difficult disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Dunn
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
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Qu BG. Inflammatory and immune changes and treatment in patients with fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2931-2942. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i19.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a common chronic inflammatory and immune disease. Current research suggests that it is associated with a variety of clinical metabolic diseases, however, its etiology is very complex, and its exact mechanism is not fully clear. Enormous studies have found that inflammation and immunity play roles in the pathogenesis of FLD, via mechanisms involving inflammatory mediators or inflammatory factors, neutrophil infiltration, inflammasomes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), gut microbes-related inflammation, immune cells, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and its downstream signal transduction pathways, gut microbe-related immune response, immunocytes, oxidative stress, other new markers of immune response and so on. In order to provide a reliable basis for accurate diagnosis and treatment of FLD, studies on the prevention, early diagnosis and prospective intervention of FLD should be strengthened. In addition, according to different pathogenesis, corresponding measures should be taken to reduce the risk of FLD and its related diseases.
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45
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Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Mak TD, Astarita G, Authier S, Wong K, Fornace AJ. A Lipidomic and Metabolomic Serum Signature from Nonhuman Primates Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Metabolomics 2016; 12:80. [PMID: 28220056 PMCID: PMC5314995 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to dangers associated with potential accidents from nuclear energy and terrorist threats, there is a need for high-throughput biodosimetry to rapidly assess individual doses of radiation exposure. Lipidomics and metabolomics are becoming common tools for determining global signatures after disease or other physical insult and provide a "snapshot" of potential cellular damage. OBJECTIVES The current study assesses changes in the nonhuman primate (NHP) serum lipidome and metabolome 7 days following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). METHODS Serum sample lipids and metabolites were extracted using a biphasic liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Global radiation signatures were acquired in data-independent mode. RESULTS Radiation exposure caused significant perturbations in lipid metabolism, affecting all major lipid species, including free fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids and esterified sterols. In particular, we observed a significant increase in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-containing lipids in the serum of NHPs exposed to 10 Gy radiation, suggesting a primary role played by PUFAs in the physiological response to IR. Metabolomics profiling indicated an increase in the levels of amino acids, carnitine, and purine metabolites in the serum of NHPs exposed to 10 Gy radiation, suggesting perturbations to protein digestion/absorption, biological oxidations, and fatty acid β-oxidation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to determine changes in the global NHP serum lipidome and metabolome following radiation exposure and provides information for developing metabolomic biomarker panels in human-based biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Pannkuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Tytus D. Mak
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, MA
| | | | | | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Address for correspondence: Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, New, Research Building, Room E504, Washington, DC 20057, , Phone: 202-687-7843, Fax: 202-687-3140
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46
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Wilkin RJW, Lalor PF, Parker R, Newsome PN. Murine Models of Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis and Their Relevance to Human Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:748-60. [PMID: 26835538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced liver damage is a major burden for most societies, and murine studies can provide a means to better understand its pathogenesis and test new therapies. However, there are many models reported with widely differing phenotypes, not all of which fully regenerate the spectrum of human disease. Thus, it is important to understand the implications of these variations to efficiently model human disease. This review critically appraises key articles in the field, detailing the spectrum of liver damage seen in different models, and how they relate to the phenotype of disease seen in patients. A range of different methods of alcohol administration have been studied, ranging from ad libitum consumption of alcohol and water to modified diets (eg, Lieber deCarli liquid diet). Other feeding regimens have taken more invasive routes using intragastric feeding tubes to infuse alcohol directly into the stomach. Notably, models using wild-type mice generally produce a milder phenotype of liver damage than those using genetically modified mice, with the exception of the chronic binge-feeding model. We recommend panels of tests for consideration to standardize end points for the evaluation of the severity of liver damage-key for comparison of models of injury, testing of new therapies, and subsequent translation of findings into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J W Wilkin
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Parker
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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47
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Cai X, Bao L, Wang N, Xu M, Mao R, Li Y. Dietary Nucleotides Supplementation and Liver Injury in Alcohol-Treated Rats: A Metabolomics Investigation. Molecules 2016; 21:435. [PMID: 27043516 PMCID: PMC6273469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies suggested that nucleotides were beneficial for liver function, lipid metabolism and so on. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic response of dietary nucleotides supplementation in alcohol-induced liver injury rats. Methods: Five groups of male Wistar rats were used: normal control group (basal diet, equivalent distilled water), alcohol control group (basal diet, 50% alcohol (v/v)), dextrose control group (basal diet, isocaloric amount of dextrose), and 0.04% and 0.16% nucleotides groups (basal diet supplemented with 0.4 g and 1.6 g nucleotides kg−1 respectively, 50% alcohol (v/v)). The liver injury was measured through traditional liver enzymes, expression of oxidative stress markers and histopathological examination. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was applied to identify liver metabolite profiles. Results: Nucleotides supplementation prevented the progression of hepatocyte steatosis. The levels of total proteins, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol triglyceride, as well as the oxidative stress markers altered by alcohol, were improved by nucleotides supplementation. Elevated levels of liver bile acids (glycocholic acid, chenodeoxyglycocholic acid, and taurodeoxycholic acid), as well as lipids (stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine) in alcohol-treated rats were reversed by nucleotides supplementation. In addition, supplementation with nucleotides could increase the levels of amino acids, including valyl-Leucine, l-leucine, alanyl-leucine and l-phenylalanine. Conclusion: These data indicate potential biomarkers and confirm the benefit of dietary nucleotides on alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Meihong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ruixue Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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48
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Cepero-Donates Y, Lacraz G, Ghobadi F, Rakotoarivelo V, Orkhis S, Mayhue M, Chen YG, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Menendez A, Ilangumaran S, Ramanathan S. Interleukin-15-mediated inflammation promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cytokine 2016; 82:102-11. [PMID: 26868085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is essential for the homeostasis of lymphoid cells particularly memory CD8(+) T cells and NK cells. These cells are abundant in the liver, and are implicated in obesity-associated pathogenic processes. Here we characterized obesity-associated metabolic and cellular changes in the liver of mice lacking IL-15 or IL-15Rα. High fat diet-induced accumulation of lipids was diminished in the livers of mice deficient for IL-15 or IL-15Rα. Expression of enzymes involved in the transport of lipids in the liver showed modest differences. More strikingly, the liver tissues of IL15-KO and IL15Rα-KO mice showed decreased expression of chemokines CCl2, CCL5 and CXCL10 and reduced infiltration of mononuclear cells. In vitro, IL-15 stimulation induced chemokine gene expression in wildtype hepatocytes, but not in IL15Rα-deficient hepatocytes. Our results show that IL-15 is implicated in the high fat diet-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver, leading to fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuneivy Cepero-Donates
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Grégory Lacraz
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Farnaz Ghobadi
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Volatiana Rakotoarivelo
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sakina Orkhis
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Marian Mayhue
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Marek Rola-Pleszczynski
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alfredo Menendez
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Division of Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Ress C, Kaser S. Mechanisms of intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1664-1673. [PMID: 26819531 PMCID: PMC4721997 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis defined as lipid accumulation in hepatocytes is very frequently found in adults and obese adolescents in the Western World. Etiologically, obesity and associated insulin resistance or excess alcohol intake are the most frequent causes of hepatic steatosis. However, steatosis also often occurs with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and is also found in rare but potentially life-threatening liver diseases of pregnancy. Clinical significance and outcome of hepatic triglyceride accumulation are highly dependent on etiology and histological pattern of steatosis. This review summarizes current concepts of pathophysiology of common causes of hepatic steatosis, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic HCV infections, drug-induced forms of hepatic steatosis, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Regarding the pathophysiology of NAFLD, this work focuses on the close correlation between insulin resistance and hepatic triglyceride accumulation, highlighting the potential harmful effects of systemic insulin resistance on hepatic metabolism of fatty acids on the one side and the role of lipid intermediates on insulin signalling on the other side. Current studies on lipid droplet morphogenesis have identified novel candidate proteins and enzymes in NAFLD.
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50
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with deposition of excessive cholesterol in the arterial intima. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor that can activate or inhibit the expression of many target genes by forming a heterodimer complex with the retinoid X receptor. Activation of PPARα plays an important role in the metabolism of multiple lipids, including high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, phospholipid, bile acids, and fatty acids. Increased PPARα activity also mitigates atherosclerosis by blocking macrophage foam cell formation, vascular inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, plaque instability, and thrombogenicity. Clinical use of synthetic PPARα agonist fibrate improved dyslipidemia and attenuated atherosclerosis-related disease risk. This review summarizes PPARα in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis, and also highlights its potential therapeutic benefits.
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