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Sun N, Ogulur I, Mitamura Y, Yazici D, Pat Y, Bu X, Li M, Zhu X, Babayev H, Ardicli S, Ardicli O, D'Avino P, Kiykim A, Sokolowska M, van de Veen W, Weidmann L, Akdis D, Ozdemir BG, Brüggen MC, Biedermann L, Straumann A, Kreienbühl A, Guttman-Yassky E, Santos AF, Del Giacco S, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Jackson DJ, Wang DY, Lauerma A, Breiteneder H, Zhang L, O'Mahony L, Pfaar O, O'Hehir R, Eiwegger T, Fokkens WJ, Cabanillas B, Ozdemir C, Walter K, Bayik M, Nadeau KC, Torres MJ, Akdis M, Jutel M, Agache I, Akdis CA. The epithelial barrier theory and its associated diseases. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 39370939 DOI: 10.1111/all.16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of many chronic noncommunicable diseases has been steadily rising over the past six decades. During this time, over 350,000 new chemical substances have been introduced to the lives of humans. In recent years, the epithelial barrier theory came to light explaining the growing prevalence and exacerbations of these diseases worldwide. It attributes their onset to a functionally impaired epithelial barrier triggered by the toxicity of the exposed substances, associated with microbial dysbiosis, immune system activation, and inflammation. Diseases encompassed by the epithelial barrier theory share common features such as an increased prevalence after the 1960s or 2000s that cannot (solely) be accounted for by the emergence of improved diagnostic methods. Other common traits include epithelial barrier defects, microbial dysbiosis with loss of commensals and colonization of opportunistic pathogens, and circulating inflammatory cells and cytokines. In addition, practically unrelated diseases that fulfill these criteria have started to emerge as multimorbidities during the last decades. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of diseases encompassed by the epithelial barrier theory and discuss evidence and similarities for their epidemiology, genetic susceptibility, epithelial barrier dysfunction, microbial dysbiosis, and tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Xiangting Bu
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Manru Li
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Xueyi Zhu
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Huseyn Babayev
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sena Ardicli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ozge Ardicli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Division of Food Processing, Milk and Dairy Products Technology Program, Karacabey Vocational School, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Paolo D'Avino
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Ayca Kiykim
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Weidmann
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Akdis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie Charlotte Brüggen
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Biedermann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Straumann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Kreienbühl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - David J Jackson
- Guy's Severe Asthma Centre, Guy's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Antti Lauerma
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Robyn O'Hehir
- Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Cabanillas
- Department of Allergy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cevdet Ozdemir
- Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Institute of Child Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kistler Walter
- Department of Sports Medicine, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM), Davos, Switzerland
- Medical Committee International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mahmut Bayik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria J Torres
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-ARADyAL, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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du Preez HN, Lin J, Maguire GEM, Aldous C, Kruger HG. COVID-19 vaccine adverse events: Evaluating the pathophysiology with an emphasis on sulfur metabolism and endotheliopathy. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14296. [PMID: 39118373 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we assess the pathophysiology of severe adverse events that presented after vaccination with DNA and mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. The focus is on the perspective of an undersulfated and degraded glycocalyx, considering its impact on immunomodulation, inflammatory responses, coagulation and oxidative stress. The paper explores various factors that lead to glutathione and inorganic sulfate depletion and their subsequent effect on glycocalyx sulfation and other metabolites, including hormones. Components of COVID-19 vaccines, such as DNA and mRNA material, spike protein antigen and lipid nanoparticles, are involved in possible cytotoxic effects. The common thread connecting these adverse events is endotheliopathy or glycocalyx degradation, caused by depleted glutathione and inorganic sulfate levels, shear stress from circulating nanoparticles, aggregation and formation of protein coronas; leading to imbalanced immune responses and chronic release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultimately resulting in oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. By understanding the underlying pathophysiology of severe adverse events, better treatment options can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi N du Preez
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Johnson Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Glenn E M Maguire
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Colleen Aldous
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Dong J, Su D, Zhao B, Han J, Tu M, Zhang K, Wang F, An Y. Potential Protective Factors for Allergic Rhinitis Patients Infected with COVID-19. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6633-6645. [PMID: 39057037 PMCID: PMC11275266 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At the beginning of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, airway allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) were considered as risk factors for COVID-19, as they would aggravate symptoms. With further research, more and more literature has shown that airway allergic disease may not be a high-risk factor, but may be a protective factor for COVID-19 infection, which is closely related to its low-level expression of the ACE2 receptor and the complex cytokines network as underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. In addition, steroid hormones and age factors could not be ignored. In this review, we have summarized some current evidence on the relationship between COVID-19 and allergic rhinitis to highlight the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 infection and provide novel insights for its prevention and treatment. The key findings show that allergic rhinitis and its related molecular mechanisms may have a protective effect against COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyue Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dingyuan Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiayang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mengjie Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kaifeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Torres MJ, Klimek L, Agache I, Jutel M, Akdis M, Shamji MH, Akdis CA. Four years into the COVID-19 pandemic: Timely published articles for patient care and EAACI's leadership role. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38702913 DOI: 10.1111/all.16149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- María José Torres
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, RETICS ARADyAL, BIONAND, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- All-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Gao YD, Akdis CA. Four years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and the publication of the first case series. Allergy 2024; 79:1085-1088. [PMID: 38269401 DOI: 10.1111/all.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Gao
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Zhang Z, Huang J, Wang L, Pan Z, Huang J, Jiang C, Zhang S, Li S, Hu X. COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a pilot study. BLOOD SCIENCE 2024; 6:e00183. [PMID: 38283406 PMCID: PMC10817160 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Data on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients at early stage of immune reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are limited. In the present study, we retrospectively investigated the incidence and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients who underwent HSCT in 2022. Patients (allo-HSCT, n = 80; auto-HSCT, n = 37) were consecutively included in the study. The SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was 59.8%, and the median interval of HSCT to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was 4.8 (range: 0.5-12) months. Most patients were categorized as mild (41.4%) or moderate (38.6%), and 20% as severe/critical. No deaths were attributable to COVID-19. Further analysis showed that lower circulating CD8+ T-cell counts and calcineurin inhibitor administration increased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Exposure to rituximab significantly increased the probability of severe or critical COVID-19 compared with that of mild/moderate illness (P < .001). In the multivariate analysis, rituximab use was associated with severe COVID-19. Additionally, COVID-19 had no significant effect on immune reconstitution. Furthermore, it was found that Epstein-Barr virus infection and rituximab administration possibly increase the risk of developing severe illness. Our study provides preliminary insights into the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on immune reconstitution and the outcomes of allo-HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Zhang
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingtao Huang
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Luxiang Wang
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zengkai Pan
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chuanhe Jiang
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sujiang Zhang
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Su Li
- GoBroad Medical Institute of Hematology (Shanghai Center), Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025, China
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Liu L, Kapralov M, Ashton M. Plant-derived compounds as potential leads for new drug development targeting COVID-19. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1522-1554. [PMID: 38281731 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19, which was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China, is a respiratory illness caused by a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although some patients infected with COVID-19 can remain asymptomatic, most experience a range of symptoms that can be mild to severe. Common symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of taste or smell and muscle aches. In severe cases, complications can arise including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, organ failure and even death, particularly in older adults or individuals with underlying health conditions. Treatments for COVID-19 include remdesivir, which has been authorised for emergency use in some countries, and dexamethasone, a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation in severe cases. Biological drugs including monoclonal antibodies, such as casirivimab and imdevimab, have also been authorised for emergency use in certain situations. While these treatments have improved the outcome for many patients, there is still an urgent need for new treatments. Medicinal plants have long served as a valuable source of new drug leads and may serve as a valuable resource in the development of COVID-19 treatments due to their broad-spectrum antiviral activity. To date, various medicinal plant extracts have been studied for their cellular and molecular interactions, with some demonstrating anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in vitro. This review explores the evaluation and potential therapeutic applications of these plants against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarises the latest evidence on the activity of different plant extracts and their isolated bioactive compounds against SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on the application of plant-derived compounds in animal models and in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiu Liu
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Maxim Kapralov
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Ashton
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
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Chen XF, Deng JM. The influence of novel coronavirus pneumonia on chronic disease management of asthma-a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:1590-1600. [PMID: 38505017 PMCID: PMC10944750 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken a huge global toll on all fronts, creating new challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. For chronic management of asthma, on the one hand, the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may affect the asthma disease itself; on the other hand, in order to control the spread of the pandemic, forced isolation, mask-wearing and various disinfection measures also have an impact on the condition and medication of asthma patients. This article reviews the changes in chronic asthma management under the COVID-19 pandemic to provide reference for chronic disease management of asthma after the pandemic and for various public health emergencies in the future. Methods Online searching of literature was performed. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE were searched. Key Content and Findings COVID-19 has had a huge impact on the world, and has also brought new challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and chronic disease management. On the one hand, the existence of the 2019 novel coronavirus directly affects the asthma disease itself, on the other hand, due to the particularity of the asthma disease itself, different levels of isolation and controls can cause patients with different degrees of medical difficulties; in addition, the application of various disinfectants in the environment also increases the risk of acute attacks of asthma patients, as well as mask-wearing, vaccination, anxiety about the disease, panic, etc., all of which have posed various degrees of impact on the condition and psychology of asthma patients. Conclusions The pandemic of COVID-19 has brought many difficulties to the chronic disease management of asthma, and has had a certain impact on the disease control of asthma patients. In the era with overflowing information, internet hospital is the current trend, and there is a long way to go for effectively penetrating medical resources virtually via the internet into chronic disease management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fen Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Geriatrics Respiratory Medicine Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing-Min Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Peled Y, Patel JK, Raanani E, Eilon R, Fardman A, Beigel R, Atari N, Kliker L, Elkader BA, Mandelboim M, Afek A. BNT162b2-vaccine-induced neutralization responses are immune correlates of clinical protection against SARS-CoV-2 in heart transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e15091. [PMID: 37572313 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defining immune correlates of protection against COVID-19 is pivotal for optimizing the use of COVID-19 vaccines, predicting the impact of novel variants on clinical outcomes, and advancing the development of immunotherapies and next-generation vaccines. We aimed to identify vaccine-induced immune correlates of protection against COVID-19-related hospitalizations in a highly vaccinated heart transplant (HT) cohort. METHODS In a case-control study of HT recipients vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine, patients were prospectively assessed for vaccine-induced neutralization of the wild-type virus, and the Delta and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 variants. Comparative analyses with controls were conducted to identify correlates of protection against COVID-19 hospitalization. ROC analyses were performed. Primary outcomes were COVID-19 hospitalizations and severity of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 59 HT recipients aged 58 (49,65) years with breakthrough infections after three or four monovalent BNT162b2 doses; 41 (69.5%) were men. Thirty-six (61%) patients with COVID-19 were hospitalized; most cases were non-severe (58, 98%). For hospitalized (vs. non-hospitalized) COVID-19 patients, vaccine-induced neutralization titers were significantly lower against all SARS-CoV-2 variants (p < .005). Vaccine-induced neutralization of the wild-type virus and delta and omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 variants was associated with a reduced risk for COVID-19-related hospitalization. The optimal neutralization titer thresholds that were predictive of COVID-19 hospitalizations were 96 (wild-type), 48 (delta), 12 (BA.1), 96 (BA.2), 96 (BA.4), and 48 (BA.5). CONCLUSIONS BNT162b2-vaccine-induced neutralization responses are immune correlates of protection and confer clinical protection against COVID-19 hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Peled
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jignesh K Patel
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ehud Raanani
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ram Eilon
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Fardman
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Beigel
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Bayan Abd Elkader
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- General Management, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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10
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Karasneh R, Al Sharie S, Al-Azzam S, Altawalbeh SM, Khassawneh B, Talafha M, Nusair M, Al-Mistarehi AH, Yonis OB, Al-Omary MA, Kabbaha S, Aldeyab MA. Reported long-term effects of COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge in Jordan. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34633. [PMID: 37746954 PMCID: PMC10519471 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) long-term effect is the new challenge facing healthcare providers that should be further assessed. We aim to describe the characteristics and patterns of long-term consequences of COVID-19 among recovered patients. COVID-19 patients baseline data was extracted from hospital records and alive patients filled self-reported symptoms questionnaires. A follow-up chest X-ray (CXR) was then scored based on lung abnormalities and compared with baseline CXR images. Six hundred ninety-four patients were included for the questionnaire and final analysis. Patients who were categorized as critical or severe were more prone to develop at least one symptom than those who were categorized as moderate. The most newly diagnosed comorbidities after discharge were diabetes (40.9%), cardiovascular diseases (18.6%), and hypertension (11.9%). Most patients with prolonged symptoms after discharge had a significant decrease in the quality of life. Small number of CXR showed persistent abnormalities in the middle right, the lower right, and lower left zones with an average overall score during admission 13.8 ± 4.9 and 0.3 ± 1.01 for the follow-up images. Effects of COVID-19 were found to persist even after the end of the infection. This would add on to the disease burden and would foster better management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Shoroq M. Altawalbeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Basheer Khassawneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muna Talafha
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Nusair
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Othman Beni Yonis
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mousa A. Al-Omary
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Suad Kabbaha
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mamoon A. Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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11
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Xin X, Yao W, Zhang Z, Yang X, Li S, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Huang H, Dong T, Dong H, Feng L, Wang S. Immune and cytokine alterations and RNA-sequencing analysis in gestational tissues from pregnant women after recovery from COVID-19. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:620. [PMID: 37735363 PMCID: PMC10512579 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a global pandemic. Understanding the immune responses in pregnant women recovering from COVID-19 may suggest new therapeutic approaches. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study between March 1, 2020, and September 1, 2020. Participants were assigned into the convalescent COVID-19 group if they had a previous COVID-19 infection during pregnancy or the healthy control group. RNA-Seq was performed on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) and human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Immunohistochemical staining, cytokine testing, lymphocyte subset analysis, RNA-Seq, and functional analyses were performed on the placental and umbilical cord blood (UCB) and compared between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 40 pregnant women were enrolled, with 13 in the convalescent group and 27 in the control group. There were 1024, 46, and 32 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the placental tissue, hUMSCs, and hAMSCs between the convalescent and control groups, respectively. Enrichment analysis showed those DEGs were associated with immune homeostasis, antiviral activity, cell proliferation, and tissue repair. Levels of IL-6, TNF-α, total lymphocyte counts, B lymphocytes, Tregs percentages, and IFN-γ expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were statistically different between two groups (p ≤ 0.05). ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressed on the placenta were not different between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Multiple changes in immune responses occurred in the placental tissue, hUMSCs, and hAMSCs after maternal recovery from COVID-19, which might imply their protective roles against COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430032, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Weiqi Yao
- Wuhan Optics Valley Vcanbiopharma Co. Ltd, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, P.R. China
- VCANBIO Cell & Gene Engineering Corp., Ltd, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
- Department of Biology and medicine, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, P.R. China
- Wuhan Optics Valley Vcanbio Cell & Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Human Stem Cell Preparation, Application and Resource Preservation, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of Medical office, Wuchang Shouyi College Hospital, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430032, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430032, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430032, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430032, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430032, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430077, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Tengyun Dong
- Wuhan Optics Valley Vcanbiopharma Co. Ltd, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, P.R. China
- Wuhan Optics Valley Vcanbio Cell & Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Human Stem Cell Preparation, Application and Resource Preservation, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Dong
- Wuhan Optics Valley Vcanbio Cell & Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Human Stem Cell Preparation, Application and Resource Preservation, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430032, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Shaoshuai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430032, Hubei, P.R. China.
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12
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Rabady S, Hoffmann K, Aigner M, Altenberger J, Brose M, Costa U, Denk-Linnert DM, Gruber S, Götzinger F, Helbok R, Hüfner K, Koczulla R, Kurz K, Lamprecht B, Leis S, Löffler J, Müller CA, Rittmannsberger H, Rommer PS, Sator P, Strenger V, Struhal W, Untersmayr E, Vonbank K, Wancata J, Weber T, Wendler M, Zwick RH. [S1 guidelines for the management of postviral conditions using the example of post-COVID-19]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:525-598. [PMID: 37555900 PMCID: PMC10504206 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
These S1 guidelines are an updated and expanded version of the S1 guidelines on long COVID differential diagnostic and management strategies. They summarize the state of knowledge on postviral conditions like long/post COVID at the time of writing. Due to the dynamic nature of knowledge development, they are intended to be "living guidelines". The focus is on practical applicability at the level of primary care, which is understood to be the appropriate place for initial access and for primary care and treatment. The guidelines provide recommendations on the course of treatment, differential diagnostics of the most common symptoms that can result from infections like with SARS-CoV-2, treatment options, patient management and care, reintegration and rehabilitation. The guidelines have been developed through an interdisciplinary and interprofessional process and provide recommendations on interfaces and possibilities for collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rabady
- Department Allgemeine Gesundheitsstudien, Kompetenzzentrum für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich.
| | - Kathryn Hoffmann
- Leiterin der Abteilung Primary Care Medicine, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Martin Aigner
- Abteilung für Psychiatrie und psychotherapeutische Medizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich
| | - Johann Altenberger
- Pensionsversicherungsanstalt, Rehabilitationszentrum Großgmain, Salzburger Str. 520, 5084, Großgmain, Österreich
| | - Markus Brose
- Department Allgemeine Gesundheitsstudien, Kompetenzzentrum für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich
| | - Ursula Costa
- Ergotherapie und Handlungswissenschaft, fhg - Zentrum für Gesundheitsberufe Tirol GmbH/fh, Innrain 98, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Doris-Maria Denk-Linnert
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Klin. Abteilung Phoniatrie-Logopädie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Samuel Gruber
- Department Allgemeine Gesundheitsstudien, Kompetenzzentrum für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich
| | - Florian Götzinger
- Abteilung für Kinderheilkunde, Klinik Ottakring, Montleartstr. 37, 1160, Wien, Österreich
| | - Raimund Helbok
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Standort Neuromed Campus & Med Campus Kepler Universitätsklinikum GmbH, 4020, Linz, Österreich
| | - Katharina Hüfner
- Dep. für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie II, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Rembert Koczulla
- Fachbereich Medizin, Klinik für Pneumologie Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35035, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Bernd Lamprecht
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, 4020, Linz, Österreich
| | - Stefan Leis
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie der PMU, MME Universitätsklinikum Salzburg Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Ignaz-Harrer-Str. 79, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Judith Löffler
- Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Christian A Müller
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Klin. Abteilung für Allgemeine HNO, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | | | - Paulus S Rommer
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Paul Sator
- Dermatologische Abteilung, Klinik Hietzing, Wolkersbergenstr. 1, 1130, Wien, Österreich
| | - Volker Strenger
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeinpädiatrie, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Graz, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Walter Struhal
- Klinische Abteilung für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Tulln, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Alter Ziegelweg 10, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Österreich
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institut für Pathophysiologie und Allergieforschung Zentrum für Pathophysiologie, Infektiologie und Immunologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Karin Vonbank
- Klinische Abteilung für Pulmologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Johannes Wancata
- Klinische Abteilung für Sozialpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Thomas Weber
- Kardiologische Abteilung Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Grieskirchnerstr. 42, 4600, Wels, Österreich
| | | | - Ralf-Harun Zwick
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Kurbadstr. 14, 1100, Wien, Österreich
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13
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Agodi A, Maugeri A, Favara G, Magnano San Lio R, Puglisi M, Sinatra D, Liberti G, Barchitta M. Gender differences in comorbidities of patients with COVID-19: An Italian local register-based analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18109. [PMID: 37483834 PMCID: PMC10362315 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current COVID-19 pandemic scenario, it is still necessary to understand if differences exist between genders in terms of patients' characteristics and clinical outcomes. For this reason, we retrospectively analyzed data obtained from a local register-based dataset of all SARS-CoV-2 positive patients diagnosed in the province of Catania (Italy). The main aim of this analysis was to understand any differences between genders in the distribution of previous medical conditions, and to evaluate which of them posed individuals at higher risk of death. With this purpose, we analyzed data from 1424 patients with at least one underlying medical condition, who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection from February 2020 to December 2021. Overall, males were 59.5% of the total population and significantly younger than females (median ages: 68 years vs. 72 years; p = 0.011). The age distribution of cases by gender confirms that individuals from 70 to 79 years were the most affected in both genders. The comparison of underlying comorbidities by gender shows significant differences for diabetes (p < 0.001), other metabolic diseases (p = 0.006), and obesity (p = 0.019). Accordingly, multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed that diabetes was more likely to be present in males than in females (p = 0.001), while other metabolic diseases and obesity were less likely to be present (p = 0.003 and p = 0.005, respectively). Although no difference in mortality was evident between genders (p = 0.141), both male and female COVID-19 patients had a significantly higher risk of death if they had comorbidities such as CVDs, kidney diseases, or chronic neurological diseases. Moreover, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases were significant risk factors for COVID-19 mortality among men, whereas cancer was a significant contributor among women. Our findings confirm gender-differences in pre-existing medical conditions of COVID-19 patients, which may influence the risk of death. Further studies, however, are needed to understand physiological and pathological mechanisms underpinning these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuliana Favara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Magnano San Lio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Puglisi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Sinatra
- Provincial Health Authority (Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale, ASP) of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Liberti
- Provincial Health Authority (Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale, ASP) of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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14
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Moon Y. Gut distress and intervention via communications of SARS-CoV-2 with mucosal exposome. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1098774. [PMID: 37139365 PMCID: PMC10150023 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1098774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with prevalent gastrointestinal distress, characterized by fecal shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA or persistent antigen presence in the gut. Using a meta-analysis, the present review addressed gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Despite limited data on the gut-lung axis, viral transmission to the gut and its influence on gut mucosa and microbial community were found to be associated by means of various biochemical mechanisms. Notably, the prolonged presence of viral antigens and disrupted mucosal immunity may increase gut microbial and inflammatory risks, leading to acute pathological outcomes or post-acute COVID-19 symptoms. Patients with COVID-19 exhibit lower bacterial diversity and a higher relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens in their gut microbiota than healthy controls. Considering the dysbiotic changes during infection, remodeling or supplementation with beneficial microbial communities may counteract adverse outcomes in the gut and other organs in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, nutritional status, such as vitamin D deficiency, has been associated with disease severity in patients with COVID-19 via the regulation of the gut microbial community and host immunity. The nutritional and microbiological interventions improve the gut exposome including the host immunity, gut microbiota, and nutritional status, contributing to defense against acute or post-acute COVID-19 in the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Genomic Data Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Republic of Korea
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15
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Hosseninia S, Ghobadi H, Garjani K, Hosseini SAH, Aslani MR. Aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) in admission as a reliable predictor of mortality in COPD patients with COVID-19. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:107. [PMID: 37003999 PMCID: PMC10063934 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of leukocytes and systemic inflammation indicators in predicting the severity and mortality of inflammatory diseases has been well reported, such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte*platelet ratio (NLPR), derived neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), as well as systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and systemic inflammation index (SII). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic role of systemic inflammatory indicators in the mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with COVID-19. METHODS This retrospective study included 169 COPD patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from the patients' electronic records. The ability of systemic inflammation indeces to distinguish the severity of COVID-19 was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and survival probability was determined by the mean of Kaplan-Meier curves, with the endpoint being death. RESULTS ROC curves showed that the AUD level was significant for WBC, MLR, SIRI, and AISI. Interestingly, Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that survival was lower with higher MLR (HR = 2.022, 95% CI = 1.030 to 3.968, P < 0.05) and AISI (HR = 2.010, 95% CI = 1.048 to 3.855, P < 0.05) values. However, the multivariate Cox regression model showed that only AISI was significantly associated with survival. CONCLUSION AISI in COPD patients with COVID-19 was a reliable predictor of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Hosseninia
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5615780011, Iran
| | - Hassan Ghobadi
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5615780011, Iran
| | - Kara Garjani
- Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Aslani
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5615780011, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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16
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Quan L, Tan J, Hua L, You X. Genetic predisposition between coronavirus disease 2019 and rheumatic diseases: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:710-717. [PMID: 36890668 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The causalities between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the risk of rheumatic diseases remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal effect of COVID-19 on rheumatic disease occurrence. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), acquired from published genome-wide association studies, were used to perform 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) on cases diagnosed with COVID-19 (n = 13 464), rheumatic diseases (n = 444 199), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA, n = 15 872), gout (n = 69 374), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 3094), ankylosing spondylitis (n = 75 130), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, n = 11 375) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (n = 95 046). Three MR methods were used in the analysis based on different heterogeneity and pleiotropy using the Bonferroni correction. RESULTS The results revealed a causality between COVID-19 and rheumatic diseases with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.010 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.006-1.013; P = .014). In addition, we observed that COVID-19 was causally associated with an increased risk of JIA (OR 1.517; 95%CI, 1.144-2.011; P = .004), PBC (OR 1.370; 95%CI, 1.149-1.635; P = .005), but a decreased risk of SLE (OR 0.732; 95%CI, 0.590-0.908; P = .004). Using MR, 8 SNPs were identified to associate with COVID-19 and recognized as significant variables. None of them were previously reported in any other diseases. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to use MR to explore the impact of COVID-19 on rheumatic diseases. From a genetic perspective, we found that COVID-19 could increase the risk of rheumatic diseases, such as PBC and JIA, but decrease that of SLE, thereby suggesting a potential surge in the disease burden of PBC and JIA following the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Quan
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangshan Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College and National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College and National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xin You
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
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17
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Dini FL, Baldini U, Bytyçi I, Pugliese NR, Bajraktari G, Henein MY. Acute pericarditis as a major clinical manifestation of long COVID-19 syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2023; 374:129-134. [PMID: 36513284 PMCID: PMC9734068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long COVID-19 syndrome has been recently described and some reports have suggested that acute pericarditis represents important manifestation of long COVID-19 syndrome. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with long COVID-19, presenting with acute pericarditis. METHODS We retrospectively included 180 patients (median age 47 years, 62% female) previously diagnosed with COVID-19, exhibiting persistence or new-onset symptoms ≥12 weeks from a negative naso-pharyngeal SARS CoV2 swamp test. The original diagnosis of COVID-19 infection was determined by a positive swab. All patients had undergone a thorough physical examination. Patients with suspected heart involvement were referred to a complete cardiovascular evaluation. Echocardiography was performed based on clinical need and diagnosis of acute pericarditis was achieved according to current guidelines. RESULTS Among the study population, shortness of breath/fatigue was reported in 52%, chest pain/discomfort in 34% and heart palpitations/arrhythmias in 37%. Diagnosis of acute pericarditis was made in 39 patients (22%). Mild-to-moderate pericardial effusion was reported in 12, while thickened and bright pericardial layers with small effusions (< 5 mm) with or without comet tails arising from the pericardium (pericardial B-lines) in 27. Heart palpitations/arrhythmias (OR:3.748, p = 0.0030), and autoimmune disease and allergic disorders (OR:4.147, p = 0.0073) were independently related to the diagnosis of acute pericarditis, with a borderline contribution of less likelihood of hospitalization during COVID-19 (OR: 0.100, p = 0.0512). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a high prevalence of acute pericarditis in patients with long COVID-19 syndrome. Autoimmune and allergic disorders, and palpitations/arrhythmias were frequently associated with pericardial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lloyd Dini
- Centro Medico Sant'Agostino, Milano, Italy; University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | | | - Ibadete Bytyçi
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | | | - Gani Bajraktari
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Michael Y Henein
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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18
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Zhang HP, Sun YL, Wang YF, Yazici D, Azkur D, Ogulur I, Azkur AK, Yang ZW, Chen XX, Zhang AZ, Hu JQ, Liu GH, Akdis M, Akdis CA, Gao YD. Recent developments in the immunopathology of COVID-19. Allergy 2023; 78:369-388. [PMID: 36420736 PMCID: PMC10108124 DOI: 10.1111/all.15593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There has been an important change in the clinical characteristics and immune profile of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the pandemic thanks to the extensive vaccination programs. Here, we highlight recent studies on COVID-19, from the clinical and immunological characteristics to the protective and risk factors for severity and mortality of COVID-19. The efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines and potential allergic reactions after administration are also discussed. The occurrence of new variants of concerns such as Omicron BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 and the global administration of COVID-19 vaccines have changed the clinical scenario of COVID-19. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) may cause severe and heterogeneous disease but with a lower mortality rate. Perturbations in immunity of T cells, B cells, and mast cells, as well as autoantibodies and metabolic reprogramming may contribute to the long-term symptoms of COVID-19. There is conflicting evidence about whether atopic diseases, such as allergic asthma and rhinitis, are associated with a lower susceptibility and better outcomes of COVID-19. At the beginning of pandemic, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) developed guidelines that provided timely information for the management of allergic diseases and preventive measures to reduce transmission in the allergic clinics. The global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines and emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with reduced pathogenic potential dramatically decreased the morbidity, severity, and mortality of COVID-19. Nevertheless, breakthrough infection remains a challenge for disease control. Hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) to COVID-19 vaccines are low compared to other vaccines, and these were addressed in EAACI statements that provided indications for the management of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis to COVID-19 vaccines. We have gained a depth knowledge and experience in the over 2 years since the start of the pandemic, and yet a full eradication of SARS-CoV-2 is not on the horizon. Novel strategies are warranted to prevent severe disease in high-risk groups, the development of MIS-C and long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ping Zhang
- Department of Allergology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan-Li Sun
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Fen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Dilek Azkur
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Ahmet Kursat Azkur
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Zhao-Wei Yang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Chen
- Department of Allergology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ai-Zhi Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jia-Qian Hu
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Ya-Dong Gao
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Clinical Significance of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19 Infection. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.1119530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the clinical significance of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in mild hospitalized patients with Covid-19 infection.
Material and Methods: This study included adult patients who were hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 infection. The demographical features, symptoms, clinical presentations, medical history, medications and clinical progress and outcomes were noted using data collection form by the clinicians. The effect of GI symptoms on clinical outcomes in patients with mild Covid-19 infection was statistically evaluated.
Results: 307 patients were included to the study. 159 of patients (51.7%) had an at least one GI symptoms, 18.2% of those presented only GI symptoms while 21.2% only non-GI symptoms. 27% were asymptomatic at admission. The most common GI symptom was loss of appetite that presenting 16.9% patients. The second and third most common GI symptoms were diarrhea in 15% patients, nausea and loss of taste in 14% patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in laboratory parameters between GI and non-GI symptoms groups. When age, gender, smoking status, and comorbidities of patients with GI and non-GI symptoms groups were compared, there was no difference in mean age, gender, smokers, and comorbidities. In addition, the length of hospital stay (p=0.377), complete healing (p=0.372) and mortality (p=0.351) was similar in patients with GI and non-GI symptoms groups respectively.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis of Covid-19 infection presenting with GI symptoms can help prevent infection spread. The majority of these symptoms were mild, and their presence was not associated with worse clinical outcomes.
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20
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Vicentino ARR, Fraga-Junior VDS, Palazzo M, Tasmo NRA, Rodrigues DAS, Barroso SPC, Ferreira SN, Neves-Borges AC, Allonso D, Fantappié MR, Scharfstein J, Oliveira AC, Vianna-Jorge R, Vale AM, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB, Canetti C, Benjamim CF. High mobility group box 1, ATP, lipid mediators, and tissue factor are elevated in COVID-19 patients: HMGB1 as a biomarker of worst prognosis. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:631-646. [PMID: 36631939 PMCID: PMC10087071 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has spread worldwide since it was first identified in November 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, progress in pathogenesis linked severity of this systemic disease to the hyperactivation of network of cytokine-driven pro-inflammatory cascades. Here, we aimed to identify molecular biomarkers of disease severity by measuring the serum levels of inflammatory mediators in a Brazilian cohort of patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls (HCs). Critically ill patients in the intensive care unit were defined as such by dependence on oxygen supplementation (93% intubated and 7% face mask), and computed tomography profiles showing ground-glass opacity pneumonia associated to and high levels of D-dimer. Our panel of mediators included HMGB1, ATP, tissue factor, PGE2 , LTB4 , and cys-LTs. Follow-up studies showed increased serum levels of every inflammatory mediator in patients with COVID-19 as compared to HCs. Originally acting as a transcription factor, HMGB1 acquires pro-inflammatory functions following secretion by activated leukocytes or necrotic tissues. Serum levels of HMGB1 were positively correlated with cys-LTs, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Notably, the levels of the classical alarmin HMGB1 were higher in deceased patients, allowing their discrimination from patients that had been discharged at the early pulmonary and hyperinflammatory phase of COVID-19. In particular, we verified that HMGB1 levels above 125.4 ng/ml is the cutoff that distinguishes patients that are at higher risk of death. In conclusion, we propose the use of serum levels of HMGB1 as a biomarker of severe prognosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Roberta Revoredo Vicentino
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei da Silva Fraga-Junior
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus Palazzo
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia Recardo Amorim Tasmo
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle A S Rodrigues
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Shana Priscila Coutinho Barroso
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sâmila Natiane Ferreira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Cristina Neves-Borges
- Department of Botanic, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Allonso
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rosado Fantappié
- Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Scharfstein
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Oliveira
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosane Vianna-Jorge
- Programa de Farmacologia e Inflamação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Macedo Vale
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Canetti
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Farias Benjamim
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Feleszko W, Okarska-Napierała M, Buddingh EP, Bloomfield M, Sediva A, Bautista-Rodriguez C, Brough HA, Eigenmann PA, Eiwegger T, Eljaszewicz A, Eyerich S, Gomez-Casado C, Fraisse A, Janda J, Jiménez-Saiz R, Kallinich T, Krohn IK, Mortz CG, Riggioni C, Sastre J, Sokolowska M, Strzelczyk Z, Untersmayr E, Tramper-Stranders G. Pathogenesis, immunology, and immune-targeted management of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS): EAACI Position Paper. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13900. [PMID: 36705045 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare, but severe complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It develops approximately 4 weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and involves hyperinflammation with multisystem injury, commonly progressing to shock. The exact pathomechanism of MIS-C is not known, but immunological dysregulation leading to cytokine storm plays a central role. In response to the emergence of MIS-C, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) established a task force (TF) within the Immunology Section in May 2021. With the use of an online Delphi process, TF formulated clinical statements regarding immunological background of MIS-C, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and the role of COVID-19 vaccinations. MIS-C case definition is broad, and diagnosis is made based on clinical presentation. The immunological mechanism leading to MIS-C is unclear and depends on activating multiple pathways leading to hyperinflammation. Current management of MIS-C relies on supportive care in combination with immunosuppressive and/or immunomodulatory agents. The most frequently used agents are systemic steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. Despite good overall short-term outcome, MIS-C patients should be followed-up at regular intervals after discharge, focusing on cardiac disease, organ damage, and inflammatory activity. COVID-19 vaccination is a safe and effective measure to prevent MIS-C. In anticipation of further research, we propose a convenient and clinically practical algorithm for managing MIS-C developed by the Immunology Section of the EAACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Emilie Pauline Buddingh
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marketa Bloomfield
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Thomayer University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carles Bautista-Rodriguez
- Pediatric Cardiology Services, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helen A Brough
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.,Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St.Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Paediatric Allergy Group, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Guys' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philippe A Eigenmann
- Department of Women-Children-Teenagers, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.,Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Stefanie Eyerich
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina Gomez-Casado
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alain Fraisse
- Pediatric Cardiology Services, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jozef Janda
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tilmann Kallinich
- Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inge Kortekaas Krohn
- SKIN Research Group, Vrije Univeristeit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte G Mortz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carmen Riggioni
- Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Fundacion Jimenez Diaz and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Ziemowit Strzelczyk
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerdien Tramper-Stranders
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Imanishi I, Asahina R, Hayashi S, Uchiyama J, Hisasue M, Yamasaki M, Murata Y, Morikawa S, Mizutani T, Sakaguchi M. Guest edited collection serological study of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in japanese cats using protein-A/G-based ELISA. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:443. [PMID: 36539820 PMCID: PMC9767852 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the epidemic status of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in cats in Japan due to insufficiently reliable seroepidemiological analysis methods that are easy to use in cats. RESULTS We developed a protein-A/G-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in cats. The assay was standardized using positive rabbit antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The ELISA results were consistent with those of a conventional anti-feline-immunoglobulin-G (IgG)-based ELISA. To test the protein-A/G-based ELISA, we collected blood samples from 1,969 cats that had been taken to veterinary clinics in Japan from June to July 2020 and determined the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Nine cats were found to have SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific IgG, of which 4 had recombinant receptor-binding domain-specific IgG. Of those 9 samples, one showed neutralizing activity. Based on these findings, we estimated that the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in cats in Japan was 0.05% (1/1,969 samples). This prevalence was consistent with the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in humans in Japan according to research conducted at that time. CONCLUSIONS Protein-A/G-based ELISA has the potential to be a standardized method for measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cats. The infection status of SARS-CoV-2 in cats in Japan might be linked to that in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Imanishi
- grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Ryota Asahina
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunji Hayashi
- grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Jumpei Uchiyama
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hisasue
- grid.252643.40000 0001 0029 6233Center for Human and Animal Symbiosis Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamasaki
- grid.411792.80000 0001 0018 0409Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Murata
- grid.136594.c0000 0001 0689 5974Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan ,Murata Animal Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- grid.444568.f0000 0001 0672 2184Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- grid.136594.c0000 0001 0689 5974Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Scotto R, Lanzardo A, Buonomo AR, Pinchera B, Cattaneo L, Sardanelli A, Mercinelli S, Viceconte G, Perrella A, Esposito V, Codella AV, Maggi P, Zappulo E, Villari R, Foggia M, Gentile I. A Simple Non-Invasive Score Based on Baseline Parameters Can Predict Outcome in Patients with COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122043. [PMID: 36560453 PMCID: PMC9781962 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the role of CRP and other laboratory parameters in predicting the worsening of clinical conditions during hospitalization, ICU admission, and fatal outcome among patients with COVID-19. Consecutive adult inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and respiratory symptoms treated in three different COVID centres were enrolled, and they were tested for laboratory parameters within 48 h from admission. Three-hundred ninety patients were enrolled. Age, baseline CRP, and LDH were associated with a P/F ratio < 200 during hospitalization. Male gender and CRP > 60 mg/L were shown to be independently associated with ICU admission. Lymphocytes < 1000 cell/μL were associated with the worst P/F ratio. CRP > 60 mg/L predicted exitus. We subsequently devised an 11-points numeric ordinary scoring system based on age, sex, CRP, and LDH at admission (ASCL score). Patients with an ASCL score of 0 or 2 were shown to be protected against a P/F ratio < 200, while patients with an ASCL score of 6 to 8 were shown to be at risk for P/F ratio < 200. Patients with an ASCL score ≥ 7 had a significantly increased probability of death during hospitalization. In conclusion, patients with elevated CRP and LDH and an ASCL score > 6 at admission should be prioritized for careful respiratory function monitoring and early treatment to prevent a progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Scotto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Amedeo Lanzardo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-347-630-5933; Fax: +39-081-746-3740
| | - Antonio Riccardo Buonomo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pinchera
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Letizia Cattaneo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Sardanelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Mercinelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Viceconte
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perrella
- Emerging Infectous Disease with High Contagiousness Unit, Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- IVth Division of Immunodeficiency and Gender Infectious Diseases, Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Vinicio Codella
- Department of Medical Sciences—Unit of Infectious Diseases, "Gaetano Rummo” Hospital, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Paolo Maggi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic, AORN Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zappulo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Villari
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Foggia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federico II COVID-Team
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery—Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Basophil Activation Test with Different Polyethylene Glycols in Patients with Suspected PEG Hypersensitivity Reactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314592. [PMID: 36498922 PMCID: PMC9740962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccine components are rare but should be considered. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is responsible for anaphylaxis in mRNA vaccines. Skin tests have been used in the allergological work-up programs for COVID-19 vaccine evaluation. However, the reproducibility of the skin prick test is time-dependent and the reactivity declines over time. Therefore, we combined the administration of the skin tests with the basophil activation test (BAT) using PEG2000, PEG4000 and DMG-PEG2000, where the BAT was considered positive when the percentage of activated basophils was higher than 6%, 5% and 6.5%, for PEG 4000, PEG2000 and DMG-PEG2000, respectively. To this end, among the subjects that underwent allergy counseling at the Allergy Unit of our Institution during the 2020/2021 vaccination campaign, 13 patients had a suggested medical history of PEG/drug hypersensitivity and were enrolled together with 10 healthy donors. Among the enrolled patients 2 out of 13 tested patients were positive to the skin test. The BAT was negative in terms of the percentages of activated basophils in all analyzed samples, but the stimulation index (SI) was higher than 2.5 in 4 out of 13 patients. These data evidenced that, when the SI is higher than 2.5, even in the absence of positivity to BAT, the BAT to PEG may be a useful tool to be coupled to skin tests to evidence even low-grade reactions.
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Zhang J, Li Y, Meng G, Lu K, Yan J, Wu J, Li P, Luo L, Chen X, Zhao X, Qiu F. SILAC-based chemoproteomics reveals a neoligan analogue as an anti-inflammatory agent targeting IRGM to ameliorate cytokine storm. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114659. [PMID: 35970074 PMCID: PMC9359778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine storm is a key feature of sepsis and severe stage of COVID-19, and the immunosuppression after excessive immune activation is a substantial hazard to human life. Both pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are recognized by various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which lead to the immune response. A number of neolignan analogues were synthesized in this work and showed powerful anti-inflammation properties linked to the response to innate and adaptive immunity, as well as NP-7 showed considerable anti-inflammatory activity at 100 nM. On the sepsis model caused by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) in C57BL/6J mice, NP-7 displayed a strong regulatory influence on cytokine release. Then a photo-affinity probe of NP-7 was synthesized and chemoproteomics based on stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell cultures (SILAC) identified Immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM) as a target suppressing cytokine storm, which was verified by competitive pull-down, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Guibing Meng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Kui Lu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jiankun Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jiangpeng Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Pengyan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lingling Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Ponciano-Gómez A, Valle-Solis MI, Campos-Aguilar M, Jijón-Lorenzo R, Herrera-Cogco EDLC, Ramos-Alor R, Bazán-Mendez CI, Cervantes GAPG, Ávila-García R, Aguilar AG, Texale MGS, Tapia-Sánchez WD, Duarte-Martínez CL, Olivas-Quintero S, Sigrist-Flores SC, Gallardo-Ortíz IA, Villalobos-Molina R, Méndez-Cruz AR, Jimenez-Flores R, Santos-Argumedo L, Luna-Arias JP, Romero-Ramírez H, Rosales-García VH, Avendaño-Borromeo B. High baseline expression of IL-6 and IL-10 decreased CCR7 B cells in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection during BNT162b2 vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946770. [PMID: 36052060 PMCID: PMC9425053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic generated by SARS-CoV-2 has led to mass vaccination with different biologics that have shown wide variations among human populations according to the origin and formulation of the vaccine. Studies evaluating the response in individuals with a natural infection before vaccination have been limited to antibody titer analysis and evaluating a few humoral and cellular response markers, showing a more rapid and intense humoral response than individuals without prior infection. However, the basis of these differences has not been explored in depth. In the present work, we analyzed a group of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, antibody titers, and cell populations in peripheral blood of individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection using BNT162b2 biologic. Our results suggest that higher antibody concentration in individuals with an earlier disease could be generated by higher production of plasma cells to the detriment of the presence of memory B cells in the bloodstream, which could be related to the high baseline expression of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) before vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ponciano-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Martha Iris Valle-Solis
- Secretaría de Salud de Veracruz, Servicios de Salud de Veracruz, SESVER, Xalapa Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Myriam Campos-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Jijón-Lorenzo
- Secretaría de Salud de Veracruz, Servicios de Salud de Veracruz, SESVER, Xalapa Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Roberto Ramos-Alor
- Secretaría de Salud de Veracruz, Servicios de Salud de Veracruz, SESVER, Xalapa Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ricardo Ávila-García
- Secretaría de Salud de Veracruz, Servicios de Salud de Veracruz, SESVER, Xalapa Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Abdiel González Aguilar
- Secretaría de Salud de Veracruz, Servicios de Salud de Veracruz, SESVER, Xalapa Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Wilfrido David Tapia-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Citometría de Flujo y Hematología, Diagnóstico Molecular de Leucemias y Terapia Celular (DILETEC), Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos Leonardo Duarte-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Citometría de Flujo y Hematología, Diagnóstico Molecular de Leucemias y Terapia Celular (DILETEC), Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sandra Olivas-Quintero
- Department of Health Sciences, Autonomus University of Occident, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Santiago Cristobal Sigrist-Flores
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Itzell Alejandrina Gallardo-Ortíz
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Rene Méndez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Jimenez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Pedro Luna-Arias
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hector Romero-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Victor Hugo Rosales-García
- Laboratorio de Citometría de Flujo y Hematología, Diagnóstico Molecular de Leucemias y Terapia Celular (DILETEC), Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Laboratorios Nacionales de Servicios Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Yang S, Zhao H, Cui R, Ma L, Ge X, Fu Q, Yu D, Niu X. Comparison of clinical outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 infection in cancer patients without anticancer treatment and noncancer patients. Front Public Health 2022; 10:925519. [PMID: 36033814 PMCID: PMC9411742 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.925519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that cancer patients have higher rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and mortality than noncancer patients. However, the differences between cancer patients undergoing regular follow-up without anticancer treatment and noncancer patients with COVID-19 have remained insufficiently investigated. Methods A retrospective case-control study of 52 patients with COVID-19 infection was performed with a 1:3 matched proportion of cancer patients undergoing regular follow-up without anticancer treatment and noncancer patients. The demographic characteristics, clinical data, laboratory tests, treatment, and complications of patients were collected from medical records. Chi-square tests and univariate and multivariate regressions were performed to assess the differences between these two cohorts of COVID-19 patients with and without cancer and risk factors for severe events in COVID-19 patients. Results Increased C-reactive protein (CRP) (>4 mg/L) (p = 0.015) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (>243 IU/L) (p = 0.038) were identified as risk factors for severe events in all enrolled COVID-19 patients based on multivariate analysis, but cancer as a chronic disease (p = 1.000) was not identified as an independent risk factor for severe events in COVID-19 patients. Compared with noncancer patients, cancer patients had a significantly longer median hospitalization time (29 days vs. 19 days, p = 0.048) and a higher incidence of hypoalbuminemia complications (84.6 vs. 46.2%, p = 0.016). Conclusions Increased CRP and LDH were risk factors for severe events in all enrolled COVID-19 patients, and an increased incidence of hypoalbuminemia complications and longer hospitalization were noted in COVID-19 cancer patients undergoing regular follow-up without anticancer treatment compared with noncancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaxin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Cui
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Ma
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhua Ge
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Dehua Yu
- Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Dehua Yu
| | - Xiaomin Niu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaomin Niu
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Lin Y, Zhu J, Liu Z, Li C, Guo Y, Wang Y, Chen K. Kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection antibody responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864278. [PMID: 35990623 PMCID: PMC9389018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly throughout the world, causing severe morbidity and mortality. Since the first reports of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019, research on the characteristics of specific humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 has made great progress. However, our knowledge of persistent humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited. The existence of protective immunity after infection will affect future transmission and disease severity. Therefore, it is important to gather knowledge about the kinetics of antibody responses. In this review, we summarize the information obtained so far on the characteristics and kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 infection of specific humoral immune response, especially in neutralizing antibodies and their relationship with disease severity. In addition, with the emergence of variants of concern, we summarize the neutralizing effect of specific humoral immunity on variants of concern after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Lin
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongming Liu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yikai Guo
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Cancer Centre of Zhejiang University, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Keda Chen,
| | - Keda Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Keda Chen,
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29
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El-Kady AM, Aldakheel FM, Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Dbas Alharbi R, Al Hamed H, Alsulami M, Alshehri WA, El-Ashram S, Kreys E, Mohamed K, Al-Megrin WAI, Elshabrawy HA. Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for Critical Illness in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6945-6963. [PMID: 36068791 PMCID: PMC9441173 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s374090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A good understanding of the possible risk factors for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) severity could help clinicians in identifying patients who need prioritized treatment to prevent disease progression and adverse outcome. In the present study, we aimed to correlate clinical and laboratory characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients to disease outcome in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods The present study included 199 COVID-19 patients admitted to King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia, from April to December 2020. Patients were followed-up until discharge either for recovery or death. Demographic data, clinical data and laboratory results were retrieved from electronic patient records. Results Critical COVID-19 cases showed higher mean of age and higher prevalence of co-morbid conditions. Fifty-five patients died during the observation period. Risk factors for in hospital death for COVID 19 patients were leukocytosis (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.008–3.548, p = 0.081), lymphocytopenia (OR 2.152, 95% CI 1.079–4.295, p = 0.020), neutrophilia (OR 1.839, 95% CI 0.951–3.55, p = 0.047), thrombocytopenia (OR 2.152, 95% CI 0.852–5.430, p = 0.085), liver injury (OR 2.689, 95% CI 1.373–4.944, p = 0.003), acute kidney injury (OR 1.248, 95% CI 0.631–2.467 p = 0.319), pancreatic injury (OR 1.973, 95% CI 0.939–4.144, p = 0.056) and high D dimer (OR 2.635, 95% CI 0.747–9.287, p = 0.091). Conclusion Clinical and laboratory data of COVID-19 patients may help understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and subsequently improve of the outcome of patients by determination of the associated risk factors and recognition of high risk group who are more liable for complications and in hospital death. The present study put an eye on some parameters (laboratory and clinical) that should be alarming signs that the patient is at high risk bad prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: Asmaa M El-Kady; Hatem A Elshabrawy, Email ;
| | - Fahad M Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Dbas Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Al Hamed
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, 52211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslimah Alsulami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa A Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Eugene Kreys
- Department of Clinical & Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Khalil Mohamed
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Abdullah I Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX, 77304, USA
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Jutel M, Torres MJ, Palomares O, Akdis CA, Eiwegger T, Untersmayr E, Barber D, Zemelka-Wiacek M, Kosowska A, Palmer E, Vieths S, Mahler V, Canonica WG, Nadeau K, Shamji MH, Agache I. COVID-19 vaccination in patients receiving allergen immunotherapy (AIT) or biologicals-EAACI recommendations. Allergy 2022; 77:2313-2336. [PMID: 35147230 PMCID: PMC9111382 DOI: 10.1111/all.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune modulation is a key therapeutic approach for allergic diseases, asthma and autoimmunity. It can be achieved in an antigen-specific manner via allergen immunotherapy (AIT) or in an endotype-driven approach using biologicals that target the major pathways of the type 2 (T2) immune response: immunoglobulin (Ig)E, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-4/IL-13 or non-type 2 response: anti-cytokine antibodies and B-cell depletion via anti-CD20. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination provides an excellent opportunity to tackle the global pandemics and is currently being applied in an accelerated rhythm worldwide. The vaccine exerts its effects through immune modulation, induces and amplifies the response against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, as there may be a discernible interference between these treatment modalities, recommendations on how they should be applied in sequence are expected. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) assembled an expert panel under its Research and Outreach Committee (ROC). This expert panel evaluated the evidence and have formulated recommendations on the administration of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with allergic diseases and asthma receiving AIT or biologicals. The panel also formulated recommendations for COVID-19 vaccine in association with biologicals targeting the type 1 or type 3 immune response. In formulating recommendations, the panel evaluated the mechanisms of COVID-19 infection, of COVID-19 vaccine, of AIT and of biologicals and considered the data published for other anti-infectious vaccines administered concurrently with AIT or biologicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria J Torres
- Allergy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, IBIMA-UMA-ARADyAL-BIONAND, Malaga, Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, The Department of 13 Pediatrics, Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Domingo Barber
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Anna Kosowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Elizabeth Palmer
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London. MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Walter G Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine Asthma, & Allergy Center-IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London. MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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Scovino AM, Dahab EC, Vieira GF, Freire-de-Lima L, Freire-de-Lima CG, Morrot A. SARS-CoV-2’s Variants of Concern: A Brief Characterization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834098. [PMID: 35958548 PMCID: PMC9361785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disclose the variants of concern (VOC) including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529). Its spike protein (S) present on the surface of the virus is recognized by the host cell receptor, the angiotensin-2 converting enzyme (ACE2) which promotes their entry into the cell. The mutations presented by VOCs are found in RBD and the N-terminal region of S protein. Therefore, mutations occurring in RBD can modify the biological and immunogenic characteristics of the virus, such as modifying the spike affinity for ACE2, increasing the virus transmissibility, or conferring the ability to escape the immune responses. The raise of a potential new SARS-CoV-2 variant capable of evading the host defenses at the same time maintaining its fitness justifies the importance of continued genetic monitoring of the pandemic coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Miranda Scovino
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Chen Dahab
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Morrot
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alexandre Morrot,
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Vodička S, Zelko E. Differences in Treating Patients with Palpitations at the Primary Healthcare Level Using Telemedical Device Savvy before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081176. [PMID: 35893174 PMCID: PMC9330048 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Palpitations are one of most common reasons why a patient visits a general practitioner (GP) and is referred to a cardiologist. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with new-onset arrhythmias, which are difficult to diagnose at the primary healthcare level during pandemic-related lockdown periods. Methods: A total of 151 patients with a complaint of heart rhythm disorder were included from before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as after the start of vaccination, in this cohort retrospective study. We used a telemedical device—namely, a personal electrocardiographic (ECG) sensor called Savvy—to investigate heart rhythm in patients. The primary outcome of the study was to evaluate the number of actual heart rhythm disorder patients and any differences that infection with or vaccination for COVID-19 had on patients handled in a primary healthcare setting. Results: We found a heart rhythm disorder in 8.6% of patients before the COVID-19 pandemic and in 15.2–17.9% of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, where the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). During the COVID-19 pandemic, we found a heart rhythm disorder in almost 50% of patients that had tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus) more than one month ago. After the vaccinations started, we also found a heart rhythm disorder in almost 50% of non-vaccinated patients. Conclusions: Using a telemedical approach or remote consultation is a useful method, at the primary healthcare level, for diagnosing and treating patients with palpitations during times of lockdown.
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33
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Labella M, Céspedes JA, Doña I, Shamji MH, Agache I, Mayorga C, Torres MJ. The value of the basophil activation test in the evaluation of patients reporting allergic reactions to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Allergy 2022; 77:2067-2079. [PMID: 34689351 PMCID: PMC8653141 DOI: 10.1111/all.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines have been reported to induce hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) in a small number of individuals. We aimed to evaluate the real-world incidence of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine HSR and to determine the value of the basophil activation test (BAT) in the allergological workup of patients reporting these reactions. METHODS We prospectively enrolled patients with a clinical history indicative of HSR to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. The allergological workup included skin testing (STs) and BAT with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the vaccine. In those with negative allergy assessments, the administration of the second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was offered. RESULTS Seventeen adults were included. Eleven cases (64.7%) tested negative in the allergological workup and tolerated the re-administration of the second dose of the vaccine and considered non-allergic. Six cases (35.3%) were considered allergic and classified into three groups: 2 subjects displayed positive STs and/or BAT to PEG (Group A), two individuals displayed positive BAT to the vaccine (Group B), and in 2 patients with moderate or severe reactions, the culprit was not identified, tested negative to STs and BAT to both PEG and vaccine (Group C). We further evaluated the value of BAT when the results were positive to the vaccine and negative to PEG by performing BAT in controls groups, finding positive BAT results in 50% of controls, all of them recovered from COVID-19 infection. In contrast, BAT was negative in patients who had not suffered from COVID-19 disease. CONCLUSIONS BAT can be used as a potential diagnostic tool for confirming allergy to PEG excipient but not to the vaccine as a positive result in BAT may indicate a past COVID-19 infection instead of an allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Labella
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain,Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Jose Antonio Céspedes
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
| | - Inmaculada Doña
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain,Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Mohamed H. Shamji
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK,NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of MedicineTransylvania UniversityBrasovRomania
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
| | - Maria José Torres
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain,Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain,Departamento de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMalagaSpain
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Guarnieri G, Molena B, Chieco Bianchi F, Vianello A. Biologics and anti-Sars Cov2 vaccination in severe asthma riding the big wave: Unity is strength! Pulmonology 2022:S2531-0437(22)00128-3. [PMID: 35798641 PMCID: PMC9181274 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Guarnieri
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health University of Padova, Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Padova, Italy.
| | - B Molena
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health University of Padova, Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Padova, Italy
| | - F Chieco Bianchi
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health University of Padova, Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Padova, Italy
| | - A Vianello
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health University of Padova, Respiratory Pathophysiology Unit, Padova, Italy
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Heubner L, Hattenhauer S, Güldner A, Petrick PL, Rößler M, Schmitt J, Schneider R, Held HC, Mehrholz J, Bodechtel U, Ragaller M, Koch T, Spieth PM. Characteristics and outcomes of sepsis patients with and without COVID-19. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:670-676. [PMID: 35617831 PMCID: PMC9110019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to describe and compare clinical characteristics and outcomes in critically ill septic patients with and without COVID-19. METHODS From February 2020 to March 2021, patients from surgical and medical ICUs at the University Hospital Dresden were screened for sepsis. Patient characteristics and outcomes were assessed descriptively. Patient survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Associations between in-hospital mortality and risk factors were modeled using robust Poisson regression, which facilitates derivation of adjusted relative risks. RESULTS In 177 ICU patients treated for sepsis, COVID-19 was diagnosed and compared to 191 septic ICU patients without COVID-19. Age and sex did not differ significantly between sepsis patients with and without COVID-19, but SOFA score at ICU admission was significantly higher in septic COVID-19 patients. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with 59% compared to 29% in Non-COVID patients. Statistical analysis resulted in an adjusted relative risk for in-hospital mortality of 1.74 (95%-CI=1.35-2-24) in the presence of COVID-19 compared to other septic patients. Age, procalcitonin maximum value over 2 ng/ml, need for renal replacement therapy, need for invasive ventilation and septic shock were identified as additional risk factors for in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION COVID-19 was identified as independent risk factor for higher in-hospital mortality in sepsis patients. The need for invasive ventilation and renal replacement therapy as well as the presence of septic shock and higher PCT should be considered to identify high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Heubner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sara Hattenhauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Güldner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Leon Petrick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Rößler
- Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare (ZEGV), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare (ZEGV), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralph Schneider
- Department of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanns Christoph Held
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Mehrholz
- Wissenschaftliches Institut, Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Germany
| | - Ulf Bodechtel
- Department of Interdisciplinary Intensive Care Medicine and Intensive Rehabilitation, Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ragaller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thea Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Markus Spieth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Lawrensia S, Henrina J, Cahyadi A. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the rheumatological spectrum of complications post COVID-19 infection. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE REUMATOLOGÍA 2022. [PMCID: PMC8479551 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcreu.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare but severe complication in adults infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, the pathophysiology remains elusive, as the limited number of reports preclude a broader understanding of this syndrome. We conducted this systematic review to explore the clinical spectrum of MIS-A, in particular its rheumatological manifestations. Meta-analyses of case-series were also performed. We identified 28 patients from 14 case reports and two case series of MIS-A. This disease occurred equally in both genders, with a mean age of 33 + 10 years old, and predominantly in those of African descent (40%). Rheumatological manifestations consisted of Kawasaki Disease (KD)-like symptoms. Ninety percent of patients had positive COVID-19 serology tests, while 48% of patients were negative for COVID-19 RT-PCR test. Twelve patients were admitted to ICU and unfortunately two died. Although the signs and symptoms of MIS mimicked KD, the gastro-intestinal findings were more prominent in the former group. The demographic make-up was also different, with MIS-A occurring mostly in those of African descent. Importantly, unlike their paediatric counterparts, the adult group did not have coronary artery abnormalities. Long-term monitoring is needed as safety data is scarce. Of note, although the prognosis of MIS-A is excellent, the life-threatening nature of this syndrome demands intensive care unit level of care and mechanical support. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a constellation of KD symptoms in an adult patient should alert the clinician to the possibility of MIS-A.
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Kircheis R, Planz O. Could a Lower Toll-like Receptor (TLR) and NF-κB Activation Due to a Changed Charge Distribution in the Spike Protein Be the Reason for the Lower Pathogenicity of Omicron? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115966. [PMID: 35682644 PMCID: PMC9180620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant B.1.1.529, which emerged in late 2021, is currently active worldwide, replacing other variants, including the Delta variant, due to an enormously increased infectivity. Multiple substitutions and deletions in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein collaborate with the observed increased infectivity and evasion from therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies after primary/secondary immunization. In contrast, although three mutations near the S1/S2 furin cleavage site were predicted to favor cleavage, observed cleavage efficacy is substantially lower than in the Delta variant and also lower compared to the wild-type virus correlating with significantly lower TMPRSS2-dependent replication in the lungs, and lower cellular syncytium formation. In contrast, the Omicron variant shows high TMPRSS2-independent replication in the upper airway organs, but lower pathogenicity in animal studies and clinics. Based on recent data, we present here a hypothesis proposing that the changed charge distribution in the Omicron’s spike protein could lead to lower activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in innate immune cells, resulting in lower NF-κB activation, furin expression, and viral replication in the lungs, and lower immune hyper-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kircheis
- Syntacoll GmbH, 93342 Saal an der Donau, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-151-167-90606
| | - Oliver Planz
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
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38
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Albrich WC, Ghosh TS, Ahearn-Ford S, Mikaeloff F, Lunjani N, Forde B, Suh N, Kleger GR, Pietsch U, Frischknecht M, Garzoni C, Forlenza R, Horgan M, Sadlier C, Negro TR, Pugin J, Wozniak H, Cerny A, Neogi U, O’Toole PW, O’Mahony L. A high-risk gut microbiota configuration associates with fatal hyperinflammatory immune and metabolic responses to SARS-CoV-2. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2073131. [PMID: 35574937 PMCID: PMC9116414 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2073131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and associated clinical sequelae requires well-coordinated metabolic and immune responses that limit viral spread and promote recovery of damaged systems. However, the role of the gut microbiota in regulating these responses has not been thoroughly investigated. In order to identify mechanisms underpinning microbiota interactions with host immune and metabolic systems that influence coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, we performed a multi-omics analysis on hospitalized COVID-19 patients and compared those with the most severe outcome (i.e. death, n = 41) to those with severe non-fatal disease (n = 89), or mild/moderate disease (n = 42), that recovered. A distinct subset of 8 cytokines (e.g. TSLP) and 140 metabolites (e.g. quinolinate) in sera identified those with a fatal outcome to infection. In addition, elevated levels of multiple pathobionts and lower levels of protective or anti-inflammatory microbes were observed in the fecal microbiome of those with the poorest clinical outcomes. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified modules that associated severity-associated cytokines with tryptophan metabolism, coagulation-linked fibrinopeptides, and bile acids with multiple pathobionts, such as Enterococcus. In contrast, less severe clinical outcomes are associated with clusters of anti-inflammatory microbes such as Bifidobacterium or Ruminococcus, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and IL-17A. Our study uncovered distinct mechanistic modules that link host and microbiome processes with fatal outcomes to SARS-CoV-2 infection. These features may be useful to identify at risk individuals, but also highlight a role for the microbiome in modifying hyperinflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner C. Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen;St. Gallen, Switzerland,CONTACT Liam O’Mahony Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tarini Shankar Ghosh
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork;Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork; Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Flora Mikaeloff
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute;Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nonhlanhla Lunjani
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,Department of Dermatology, University of Cape Town; Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian Forde
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork;Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork; Cork, Ireland
| | - Noémie Suh
- Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine;Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gian-Reto Kleger
- Division of Intensive Care, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen;St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Pietsch
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen;St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Frischknecht
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen;St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christian Garzoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco;Lugano, Switzerland,Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital; Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Mary Horgan
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,Department of Infectious Diseases, Cork University Hospital; Cork, Ireland
| | - Corinna Sadlier
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,Department of Infectious Diseases, Cork University Hospital; Cork, Ireland
| | - Tommaso Rochat Negro
- Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine;Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pugin
- Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine;Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Wozniak
- Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine;Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute;Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork;Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork; Cork, Ireland
| | - Liam O’Mahony
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork;Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,Department of Medicine, University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,Werner C. Albrich School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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39
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Vlieg‐ Boerstra B, Jong N, Meyer R, Agostoni C, De Cosmi V, Grimshaw K, Milani GP, Muraro A, Oude Elberink H, Pali‐ Schöll I, Roduit C, Sasaki M, Skypala I, Sokolowska M, Splunter M, Untersmayr E, Venter C, O’Mahony L, Nwaru BI. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy 2022; 77:1373-1388. [PMID: 34626488 DOI: 10.1111/all.15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It remains uncertain as to whether nutrient supplementation for the general population considered healthy could be useful in the prevention of RTIs, such as COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the evidence was evaluated for primary prevention of any viral respiratory tract infection (RTI) such as SARS-CoV-2, through supplementation of nutrients with a recognized role in immune function: multiple micronutrients, vitamin A, folic acid, vitamin B12, C, D, E, beta-carotene, zinc, iron and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The search produced 15,163 records of which 93 papers (based on 115 studies) met the inclusion criteria, resulting in 199,055 subjects (191,636 children and 7,419 adults) from 37 countries. Sixty-three studies were included in the meta-analyses, which was performed for children and adults separately. By stratifying the meta-analysis by world regions, only studies performed in Asia showed a significant but heterogeneous protective effect of zinc supplementation on RTIs (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.7-0.96, I2 = 79.1%, p = .000). Vitamin D supplementation in adults significantly decreased the incidence of RTI (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.79-0.99, p = .272), particularly in North America (RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68-0.97), but not in Europe or Oceania. Supplementation of nutrients in the general population has either no or at most a very limited effect on prevention of RTIs. Zinc supplementation appears protective for children in Asia, whilst vitamin D may protect adults in the USA and Canada. In 10/115 (8.7%) studies post-hoc analyses based on stratification for nutritional status was performed. In only one study zinc supplementation was found to be more effective in children with low zinc serum as compared to children with normal zinc serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolette Jong
- Internal Medicine Allergology & Clinical Immunology Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Paediatric Allergology Sophia Children Hospital ErasmusMC University Medical Centre Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rosan Meyer
- National Heart & Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Valentina De Cosmi
- Pediatric Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Kate Grimshaw
- University Child Health University of Southampton Southampton General Hospital Southampton UK
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Pediatric Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Antonella Muraro
- Food Allergy Referral Centre Department of Woman and Child Health Padua University Hospital Padua Italy
| | - Hanneke Oude Elberink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergology University Medical Centre Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Pali‐ Schöll
- Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute Comparative Medicine University of Veterinary Medicine and Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Caroline Roduit
- University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland St Gallen Switzerland
| | - Mari Sasaki
- Department of Immunology and Allergy University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Isabel Skypala
- National Heart & Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Marloes Splunter
- Internal Medicine Allergology & Clinical Immunology Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Carina Venter
- Section of Allergy and Immunology Children’s Hospital Colorado University of Colorado Denver Colorado USA
| | - Liam O’Mahony
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | - Bright I Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre Institute of Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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40
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Martín-Martín J, Martín-Cazorla F, Suárez J, Rubio L, Martín-de-Las-Heras S. Comorbidities and autopsy findings of COVID-19 deaths and their association with time to death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:785-792. [PMID: 35254193 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examination of postmortem findings can help establish effective therapeutic strategies to reduce mortality. The aim of this study was therefore to review complete autopsy cases and their postmortem findings and comorbidities associated with death caused by COVID-19, in order to establish a profile of the deceased and the likelihood of time to death. METHODS A systematic review was carried out following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and meets Cochrane criteria recommendations (PROSPERO registration number CRD 42020209649). An electronic search in the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) was performed. RESULTS The search strategy yielded a total of 25 articles where 140 cases of complete autopsies were reported. The most prevalent comorbidity was vascular diseases. Patients with vascular disease, heart disease, and diabetes died significantly in a shorter period of time. Autopsies mainly focused on the lungs. The proliferative phase of Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD) was the most reported in the microscopic postmortem findings, and these patients died in a shorter period of time. However, individuals aged over 80 years significantly presented fibrotic phase of DAD at the time of death. The kidney was the second most affected organ with thrombosis and tubular damage, followed by the liver with congestion and necrosis. CONCLUSION Given that accurate information of complete autopsies findings is still scarce, it is necessary to perform complete autopsies by examining organs other than the lungs in order to provide information to improve new treatment strategies in patients with a high risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Martín-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín-Cazorla
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Medicina Legal, Servicio de Patología Forense, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Leticia Rubio
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Stella Martín-de-Las-Heras
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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D’Auria E, Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Ghezzi M, Lamberti R, Vizzuso S, Baldassarre P, Pendezza E, Perico V, Bosetti A, Zuccotti GV. Immunonutrition and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children with Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:1701. [PMID: 35565668 PMCID: PMC9101404 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been much discussion about the role of diet and antiviral immunity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intake levels of vitamins D, C, B12, and iron have been demonstrated to be correlated with lower COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Obesity has been demonstrated to be an independent risk for the severity of COVID-19 infection in adults and also in children. This may be due to different mechanisms, mainly including the gut dysbiosis status observed in obese children. Moreover, the existence of a gut-lung axis added new knowledge to on the potential mechanisms by which diet and dietary substances may affect immune function. The aim of this narrative review is to address the intricate inter-relationship between COVID-19, immune function, and obesity-related inflammation and to describe the role of nutrients and dietary patterns in enhancing the immune system. Two ways to fight against COVID-19 disease exist: one with an antiviral response through immune system boosting and another with antioxidants with an anti-inflammatory effect. In the current pandemic situation, the intake of a varied and balanced diet, rich in micronutrients and bioactive compounds including fibers, should be recommended. However, clinical studies conducted on children affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and comorbidity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza D’Auria
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghezzi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Rossella Lamberti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Sara Vizzuso
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Paola Baldassarre
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Erica Pendezza
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Veronica Perico
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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42
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Mohammed Y, Goodlett DR, Cheng MP, Vinh DC, Lee TC, Mcgeer A, Sweet D, Tran K, Lee T, Murthy S, Boyd JH, Singer J, Walley KR, Patrick DM, Quan C, Ismail S, Amar L, Pal A, Bassawon R, Fesdekjian L, Gou K, Lamontagne F, Marshall J, Haljan G, Fowler R, Winston BW, Russell JA. Longitudinal Plasma Proteomics Analysis Reveals Novel Candidate Biomarkers in Acute COVID-19. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:975-992. [PMID: 35143212 PMCID: PMC8864781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The host response to COVID-19 pathophysiology over the first few days of infection remains largely unclear, especially the mechanisms in the blood compartment. We report on a longitudinal proteomic analysis of acute-phase COVID-19 patients, for which we used blood plasma, multiple reaction monitoring with internal standards, and data-independent acquisition. We measured samples on admission for 49 patients, of which 21 had additional samples on days 2, 4, 7, and 14 after admission. We also measured 30 externally obtained samples from healthy individuals for comparison at baseline. The 31 proteins differentiated in abundance between acute COVID-19 patients and healthy controls belonged to acute inflammatory response, complement activation, regulation of inflammatory response, and regulation of protein activation cascade. The longitudinal analysis showed distinct profiles revealing increased levels of multiple lipid-associated functions, a rapid decrease followed by recovery for complement activation, humoral immune response, and acute inflammatory response-related proteins, and level fluctuation in the regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation, secretory mechanisms, and platelet degranulation. Three proteins were differentiated between survivors and nonsurvivors. Finally, increased levels of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B were determined in patients with exposure to angiotensin receptor blockers versus decreased levels in those exposed to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Data are available via ProteomeXchange PXD029437.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassene Mohammed
- Genome BC Proteomics Centre, University
of Victoria, Victoria V8Z 5N3, British Columbia,
Canada
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics,
Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA,
Netherlands
| | - David R. Goodlett
- Genome BC Proteomics Centre, University
of Victoria, Victoria V8Z 5N3, British Columbia,
Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology,
University of Victoria, Victoria V8W 2Y2, British Columbia,
Canada
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science,
University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-822, European Union,
Poland
| | - Matthew P. Cheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases (Department of
Medicine), Division of Medical Microbiology (Department of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal H4A 3J1,
Quebec, Canada
| | - Donald C. Vinh
- Division of Infectious Diseases (Department of
Medicine), Division of Medical Microbiology (Department of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal H4A 3J1,
Quebec, Canada
| | - Todd C. Lee
- Department of Medicine, McGill
University, Montreal H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
| | - Allison Mcgeer
- Mt. Sinai Hospital and University of
Toronto, University Avenue, Toronto M5G 1X5, Ontario,
Canada
| | - David Sweet
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of
Emergency Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British
Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Karen Tran
- Division of General Internal Medicine,
Vancouver General Hospital and University of British
Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Terry Lee
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Science
(CHEOS), St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British
Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Srinivas Murthy
- BC Children’s Hospital,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3N1, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - John H. Boyd
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St.
Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard
Street, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St.
Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard
Street, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joel Singer
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Science
(CHEOS), St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British
Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Keith R. Walley
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St.
Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard
Street, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St.
Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard
Street, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David M. Patrick
- British Columbia Centre for Disease
Control (BCCDC) and University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4R4,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Curtis Quan
- Department of Medicine, McGill
University, Montreal H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara Ismail
- Department of Medicine, McGill
University, Montreal H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laetitia Amar
- Department of Medicine, McGill
University, Montreal H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aditya Pal
- Department of Medicine, McGill
University, Montreal H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rayhaan Bassawon
- Department of Medicine, McGill
University, Montreal H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lara Fesdekjian
- Department of Medicine, McGill
University, Montreal H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Gou
- Department of Medicine, McGill
University, Montreal H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - John Marshall
- Department of Surgery, St.
Michael’s Hospital, Toronto M5B 1W8, Ontario,
Canada
| | - Greg Haljan
- Division of Critical Care, Surrey
Memorial Hospital and University of British Columbia, Surrey V3V 1Z2,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert Fowler
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences
Centre, Toronto M4N 3M5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent W. Winston
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Medicine and
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary,
Calgary T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada
| | - James A. Russell
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St.
Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard
Street, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St.
Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard
Street, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - ARBs CORONA I
- Genome BC Proteomics Centre, University
of Victoria, Victoria V8Z 5N3, British Columbia,
Canada
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics,
Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA,
Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology,
University of Victoria, Victoria V8W 2Y2, British Columbia,
Canada
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science,
University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-822, European Union,
Poland
- Department of Medicine, McGill
University, Montreal H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
- Mt. Sinai Hospital and University of
Toronto, University Avenue, Toronto M5G 1X5, Ontario,
Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of
Emergency Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British
Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, British Columbia,
Canada
- Division of General Internal Medicine,
Vancouver General Hospital and University of British
Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, British Columbia,
Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Science
(CHEOS), St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British
Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, British Columbia,
Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3N1, British Columbia,
Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St.
Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard
Street, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St.
Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard
Street, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease
Control (BCCDC) and University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4R4,
British Columbia, Canada
- University of Sherbrooke,
Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, St.
Michael’s Hospital, Toronto M5B 1W8, Ontario,
Canada
- Division of Critical Care, Surrey
Memorial Hospital and University of British Columbia, Surrey V3V 1Z2,
British Columbia, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences
Centre, Toronto M4N 3M5, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Medicine and
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary,
Calgary T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases (Department of
Medicine), Division of Medical Microbiology (Department of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal H4A 3J1,
Quebec, Canada
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43
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Arévalo-Lorido JC, Carretero-Gómez J, Casas-Rojo JM, Antón-Santos JM, Melero-Bermejo JA, López-Carmona MD, Palacios LC, Sanz-Cánovas J, Pesqueira-Fontán PM, de la Peña-Fernández AA, de la Sierra Alcántara NM, García-García GM, Torres Peña JD, Magallanes-Gamboa JO, Fernández-Madera-Martinez R, Fernández-Fernández J, Rubio-Rivas M, Maestro-de la Calle G, Cervilla-Muñoz E, Ramos-Martínez A, Méndez-Bailón M, Ramos-Rincón JM, Gómez-Huelgas R. The importance of association of comorbidities on COVID-19 outcomes: a machine learning approach. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:501-510. [PMID: 35037799 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2029382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The individual influence of a variety of comorbidities on COVID-19 patient outcomes has already been analyzed in previous works in an isolated way. We aim to determine if different associations of diseases influence the outcomes of inpatients with COVID-19. METHODS Retrospective cohort multicenter study based on clinical practice. Data were taken from the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, which includes most consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized and discharged in Spain. Two machine learning algorithms were applied in order to classify comorbidities and patients (Random Forest -RF algorithm, and Gaussian mixed model by clustering -GMM-). The primary endpoint was a composite of either, all-cause death or intensive care unit admission during the period of hospitalization. The sample was randomly divided into training and test sets to determine the most important comorbidities related to the primary endpoint, grow several clusters with these comorbidities based on discriminant analysis and GMM, and compare these clusters. RESULTS A total of 16,455 inpatients (57.4% women and 42.6% men) were analyzed. According to the RF algorithm, the most important comorbidities were heart failure/atrial fibrillation (HF/AF), vascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. There were six clusters: three included patients who met the primary endpoint (clusters 4, 5, and 6) and three included patients who did not (clusters 1, 2, and 3). Patients with HF/AF, vascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases were distributed among clusters 3, 4 and 5. Patients in cluster 5 also had kidney, liver, and acid peptic diseases as well as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; it was the cluster with the worst prognosis. CONCLUSION The interplay of several comorbidities may affect the outcome and complications of inpatients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José David Torres Peña
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía. Córdoba, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC). Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Rubio-Rivas
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga. Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
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44
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Lunjani N, Albrich WC, Suh N, Barda B, Finnegan LA, Dam SA, Walter J, Sadlier C, Horgan M, O'Toole PW, O'Mahony L. Higher levels of bacterial DNA in serum associate with severe and fatal COVID-19. Allergy 2022; 77:1312-1314. [PMID: 35020222 PMCID: PMC9303653 DOI: 10.1111/all.15218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla Lunjani
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College CorkNational University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | - Werner C. Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Noémie Suh
- Division of Intensive Care Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine Geneva Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Barda
- Fondazione Epatocentro Ticino and Clinica Luganese Lugano Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jens Walter
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College CorkNational University of Ireland Cork Ireland
- Department of Medicine University College CorkNational University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | - Corinna Sadlier
- Department of Medicine University College CorkNational University of Ireland Cork Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases Cork University Hospital Cork Ireland
| | - Mary Horgan
- Department of Medicine University College CorkNational University of Ireland Cork Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases Cork University Hospital Cork Ireland
| | - Paul W. O'Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College CorkNational University of Ireland Cork Ireland
- School of Microbiology University College CorkNational University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College CorkNational University of Ireland Cork Ireland
- Department of Medicine University College CorkNational University of Ireland Cork Ireland
- School of Microbiology University College CorkNational University of Ireland Cork Ireland
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45
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Jakwerth CA, Feuerherd M, Guerth FM, Oelsner M, Schellhammer L, Giglberger J, Pechtold L, Jerin C, Kugler L, Mogler C, Haller B, Erb A, Wollenberg B, Spinner CD, Buch T, Protzer U, Schmidt-Weber CB, Zissler UM, Chaker AM. Early reduction of SARS-CoV-2-replication in bronchial epithelium by kinin B 2 receptor antagonism. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:613-627. [PMID: 35247068 PMCID: PMC8897552 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to enter the host via the ACE2 receptor which is part of the kinin-kallikrein pathway. This complex pathway is only poorly understood in context of immune regulation but critical to control infection. This study examines SARS-CoV-2-infection and epithelial mechanisms of the kinin-kallikrein-system at the kinin B2 receptor level in SARS-CoV-2-infection that is of direct translational relevance. From acute SARS-CoV-2-positive study participants and -negative controls, transcriptomes of nasal curettages were analyzed. Primary airway epithelial cells (NHBEs) were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with the approved B2R-antagonist icatibant. SARS-CoV-2 RNA RT-qPCR, cytotoxicity assays, plaque assays, and transcriptome analyses were performed. The treatment effect was further studied in a murine airway inflammation model in vivo. Here, we report a broad and strong upregulation of kallikreins and the kinin B2 receptor (B2R) in the nasal mucosa of acutely symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive study participants. A B2R-antagonist impeded SARS-CoV-2 replication and spread in NHBEs, as determined in plaque assays on Vero-E6 cells. B2R-antagonism reduced the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2, G protein–coupled receptor signaling, and ion transport in vitro and in a murine airway inflammation in vivo model. In summary, this study provides evidence that treatment with B2R-antagonists protects airway epithelial cells from SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting its replication and spread, through the reduction of ACE2 levels and the interference with several cellular signaling processes. Future clinical studies need to shed light on the airway protection potential of approved B2R-antagonists, like icatibant, in the treatment of early-stage COVID-19. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Key messages Induction of kinin B2 receptor in the nose of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Treatment with B2R-antagonist protects airway epithelial cells from SARS-CoV-2. B2R-antagonist reduces ACE2 levels in vivo and ex vivo. Protection by B2R-antagonist is mediated by inhibiting viral replication and spread.
Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00109-022-02182-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze A Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Feuerherd
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center of Infectiology Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Ferdinand M Guerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Madlen Oelsner
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Schellhammer
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Giglberger
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Pechtold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Jerin
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Kugler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Erb
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts Der Isar, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center of Infectiology Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ulrich M Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam M Chaker
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German, Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, and Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80202, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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46
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Papadopoulou G, Manoloudi E, Repousi N, Skoura L, Hurst T, Karamitros T. Molecular and Clinical Prognostic Biomarkers of COVID-19 Severity and Persistence. Pathogens 2022; 11:311. [PMID: 35335635 PMCID: PMC8948624 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses several challenges to clinicians, due to its unpredictable clinical course. The identification of laboratory biomarkers, specific cellular, and molecular mediators of immune response could contribute to the prognosis and management of COVID-19 patients. Of utmost importance is also the detection of differentially expressed genes, which can serve as transcriptomic signatures, providing information valuable to stratify patients into groups, based on the severity of the disease. The role of biomarkers such as IL-6, procalcitonin, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, white blood cell counts, etc. has already been highlighted in recently published studies; however, there is a notable amount of new evidence that has not been summarized yet, especially regarding transcriptomic signatures. Hence, in this review, we assess the latest cellular and molecular data and determine the significance of abnormalities in potential biomarkers for COVID-19 severity and persistence. Furthermore, we applied Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis using the genes reported as differentially expressed in the literature in order to investigate which biological pathways are significantly enriched. The analysis revealed a number of processes, such as inflammatory response, and monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis, which occur as part of the complex immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gethsimani Papadopoulou
- Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics Unit, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (E.M.); (N.R.)
| | - Eleni Manoloudi
- Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics Unit, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (E.M.); (N.R.)
| | - Nikolena Repousi
- Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics Unit, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (E.M.); (N.R.)
| | - Lemonia Skoura
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Tara Hurst
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK;
| | - Timokratis Karamitros
- Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics Unit, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (E.M.); (N.R.)
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47
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Pulmonary Complications after COVID-19. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12030357. [PMID: 35330108 PMCID: PMC8955291 DOI: 10.3390/life12030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a threat to patients not only because of its acute course, but also because of various complications occurring in the following period, that is, more than 28 days after the onset of acute infection. The present study identified a total of 121 patients hospitalized 29 or more days after the first positive result of a PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, of whom 98 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups by the time interval between the positive COVID-19 test result and hospitalization date. The time intervals were week 5-11 in an ongoing-COVID group (57.1% of patients) and 12 or more weeks in a post-COVID-group (42.9%). The most frequent reason for hospitalization was respiratory tract infection (58.2%). Pneumonia accounted for 77.2% of these cases. Other reasons for hospitalization were interstitial lung disease (22.4%), pulmonary embolism (8.2%), and sarcoidosis (6.1%). The study group was further divided according to the causes of hospitalization into subgroups with infections and other causes. In the group with infectious diseases, there was a shorter time period between PCR positivity and hospitalization and there were significantly more frequent non-respiratory complications. In the entire sample, the in-hospital mortality was 5.1%.
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48
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Sokolowska M, Rovati GE, Diamant Z, Untersmayr E, Schwarze J, Lukasik Z, Sava F, Angelina A, Palomares O, Akdis C, O'Mahony L, Jesenak M, Pfaar O, Torres MJ, Sanak M, Dahlén S, Woszczek G. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on antiviral and allergic responses: EAACI task force on eicosanoids consensus report in times of COVID-19. Allergy 2022; 77:2337-2354. [PMID: 35174512 PMCID: PMC9111413 DOI: 10.1111/all.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers are among the most ubiquitously used medications in the general population. Their broad anti‐inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects are applied against symptoms of respiratory infections, including SARS‐CoV‐2, as well as in other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases that often coexist with allergy and asthma. However, the current pandemic of COVID‐19 also revealed the gaps in our understanding of their mechanism of action, selectivity, and interactions not only during viral infections and inflammation, but also in asthma exacerbations, uncontrolled allergic inflammation, and NSAIDs‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). In this context, the consensus report summarizes currently available knowledge, novel discoveries, and controversies regarding the use of NSAIDs in COVID‐19, and the role of NSAIDs in asthma and viral asthma exacerbations. We also describe here novel mechanisms of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs), outline how to predict responses to LTRA therapy and discuss a potential role of LTRA therapy in COVID‐19 treatment. Moreover, we discuss interactions of novel T2 biologicals and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on the horizon, such as prostaglandin D2 antagonists and cannabinoids, with eicosanoid pathways, in context of viral infections and exacerbations of asthma and allergic diseases. Finally, we identify and summarize the major knowledge gaps and unmet needs in current eicosanoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne ‐ Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Section of Pharmacology and Biosciences University of Milan Milano Italy
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Skane University Hospital Lund Sweden
- Department Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation Ku Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Child Life and Health and Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Zuzanna Lukasik
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Florentina Sava
- London North Genomic Laboratory Hub Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne ‐ Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department of Pediatrics Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University in BratislavaUniversity Teaching Hospital in Martin Slovakia
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy Unit Málaga Regional University Hospital‐IBIMA‐UMA Málaga Spain
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Sven‐Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and the Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institute, and the Department of Respiratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
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49
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Mitamura Y, Schulz D, Oro S, Li N, Kolm I, Lang C, Ziadlou R, Tan G, Bodenmiller B, Steiger P, Marzano A, de Prost N, Caudin O, Levesque M, Stoffel C, Schmid‐Grendelmeier P, Maverakis E, Akdis CA, Brüggen M. Cutaneous and systemic hyperinflammation drives maculopapular drug exanthema in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Allergy 2022; 77:595-608. [PMID: 34157151 PMCID: PMC8441838 DOI: 10.1111/all.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with cutaneous findings, some being the result of drug hypersensitivity reactions such as maculopapular drug rashes (MDR). The aim of this study was to investigate whether COVID-19 may impact the development of the MDR. METHODS Blood and skin samples from COVID-19 patients (based on a positive nasopharyngeal PCR) suffering from MDR (COVID-MDR), healthy controls, non-COVID-19-related patients with drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and MDR were analyzed. We utilized imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to characterize the cellular infiltrate in skin biopsies. Furthermore, RNA sequencing transcriptome of skin biopsy samples and high-throughput multiplexed proteomic profiling of serum were performed. RESULTS IMC revealed by clustering analyses a more prominent, phenotypically shifted cytotoxic CD8+ T cell population and highly activated monocyte/macrophage (Mo/Mac) clusters in COVID-MDR. The RNA sequencing transcriptome demonstrated a more robust cytotoxic response in COVID-MDR skin. However, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was not detected in skin biopsies at the time point of MDR diagnosis. Serum proteomic profiling of COVID-MDR patients revealed upregulation of various inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, TNF, and IFN-γ), eosinophil and Mo/Mac -attracting chemokines (MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4 and CCL11). Proteomics analyses demonstrated a massive systemic cytokine storm in COVID-MDR compared with the relatively milder cytokine storm observed in DRESS, while MDR did not exhibit such features. CONCLUSION A systemic cytokine storm may promote activation of Mo/Mac and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in severe COVID-19 patients, which in turn may impact the development of MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Schulz
- Institute for Molecular Health SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Saskia Oro
- Department of DermatologyHenri Mondor HospitalParisFrance
| | - Nick Li
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Claudia Lang
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Reihane Ziadlou
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ge Tan
- Swiss Institute for Allergy Research (SIAF) DavosDavosSwitzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute for Molecular Health SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Peter Steiger
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Angelo Marzano
- Dermatology UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | | | - Olivier Caudin
- Department of DermatologyHenri Mondor HospitalParisFrance
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Corinne Stoffel
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Peter Schmid‐Grendelmeier
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and EducationDavosSwitzerland
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of California, DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute for Allergy Research (SIAF) DavosDavosSwitzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and EducationDavosSwitzerland
| | - Marie‐Charlotte Brüggen
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and EducationDavosSwitzerland
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50
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Hussein HJ, Ibrahim SA, Al-Shaibani SW, Abdulrudha NH. Association of Covid-19 with blood type A in relation to blood sugar, urea, and blood test (D-dimer and ferritin) in patients from Al-Najaf. J Med Life 2022; 15:180-187. [PMID: 35419105 PMCID: PMC8999108 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease caused by the novel enveloped single-stranded RNA virus quickly declared a pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with blood group type A. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Amal specialized hospital, Al-Najaf (March 8 to March 20/2021). The study included 123 hospitalized patients (63 females and 60 males), aged between 15-95 years, diagnosed with COVID-19, tested for blood group, blood sugar, blood urea, D-dimer, and serum ferritin. Results indicated significant differences in blood sugar and D-dimer in patients with type A blood group at P>0.05. At the same time, no significant difference was found in blood urea and ferritin at P>0.05. The majority of patients showed elevated levels of blood sugar, blood urea, serum D-dimer and ferritin. COVID-19 can infect people of all ages and causes severe infection in all blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayfaa Jaber Hussein
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Hayfaa Jaber Hussein, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq. E-mail:
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