1
|
Kontsioti E, Maskell S, Anderson I, Pirmohamed M. Identifying Drug-Drug Interactions in Spontaneous Reports Utilizing Signal Detection and Biological Plausibility Aspects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 116:165-176. [PMID: 38590106 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Translational approaches can benefit post-marketing drug safety surveillance through the growing availability of systems pharmacology data. Here, we propose a novel Bayesian framework for identifying drug-drug interaction (DDI) signals and differentiating between individual drug and drug combination signals. This framework is coupled with a systems pharmacology approach for automated biological plausibility assessment. Integrating statistical and biological evidence, our method achieves a 16.5% improvement (AUC: from 0.620 to 0.722) with drug-target-adverse event associations, 16.0% (AUC: from 0.580 to 0.673) with drug enzyme, and 15.0% (AUC: from 0.568 to 0.653) with drug transporter information. Applying this approach to detect potential DDI signals of QT prolongation and rhabdomyolysis within the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), we emphasize the significance of systems pharmacology in enhancing statistical signal detection in pharmacovigilance. Our study showcases the promise of data-driven biological plausibility assessment in the context of challenging post-marketing DDI surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elpida Kontsioti
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon Maskell
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Isobel Anderson
- Patient Safety Operations, Technology & Analytics, Global Patient Safety, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- The Wolfson Center for Personalized Medicine, Center for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ho MF, Zhang C, Cohan JS, Tuncturk M, Heider RM, Coombes BJ, Biernacka J, Moon I, Skime M, Ho AM, Ngo Q, Skillon C, Croarkin PE, Oesterle TS, Karpyak VM, Li H, Weinshilboum RM. IL17RB genetic variants are associated with acamprosate treatment response in patients with alcohol use disorder: A proteomics-informed genomics study. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:304-314. [PMID: 38852760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Acamprosate is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, only a subset of patients achieves optimal treatment outcomes. Currently, no biological measures are utilized to predict response to acamprosate treatment. We applied our established pharmaco-omics informed genomics strategy to identify potential biomarkers associated with acamprosate treatment response. Specifically, our previous open-label acamprosate clinical trial recruited 442 patients with AUD who were treated with acamprosate for three months. We first performed proteomics using baseline plasma samples to identify potential biomarkers associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes. Next, we applied our established "proteomics-informed genome-wide association study (GWAS)" research strategy, and identified 12 proteins, including interleukin-17 receptor B (IL17RB), associated with acamprosate treatment response. A GWAS for IL17RB concentrations identified several genome-wide significant signals. Specifically, the top hit single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6801605 with a minor allele frequency of 38% in the European American population mapped 4 kilobase (Kb) upstream of IL17RB, and intron 1 of the choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) gene on chromosome 3 (p: 4.8E-20). The variant genotype (AA) for the SNP rs6801605 was associated with lower IL17RB protein expression. In addition, we identified a series of genetic variants in IL17RB that were associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes. Furthermore, the variantgenotypes for all of those IL17RB SNPs were protective for alcohol relapse. Finally, we demonstrated that the basal level of mRNA expression of IL17RB was inversely correlated with those of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) subunits, and a significantly higher expression of NF-κB subunits was observed in AUD patients who relapsed to alcohol use. In summary, this study illustrates that IL17RB genetic variants might contribute to acamprosate treatment outcomes. This series of studies represents an important step toward generating functional hypotheses that could be tested to gain insight into mechanisms underlying acamprosate treatment response phenotypes. (The ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00662571).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James S Cohan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mustafa Tuncturk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robin M Heider
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brandon J Coombes
- Division of Computational Biology, Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joanna Biernacka
- Division of Computational Biology, Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Irene Moon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle Skime
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ada M Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Quyen Ngo
- Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Center City, MN, USA
| | | | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tyler S Oesterle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Penzak SR, Bulloch M. Phenibut: Review and Pharmacologic Approaches to Treating Withdrawal. J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 64:652-671. [PMID: 38339875 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
β-Phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid (phenibut) is an analog of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that was first synthesized in Russia in the early 1960s. It is marketed as a nootropic (smart drug) to improve cognitive performance, and to treat generalized and social anxiety, insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal. The use of phenibut is legal in the USA and it is widely available online without a prescription. Increased public awareness of phenibut has led to a growing number of reports of acute intoxication and withdrawal. In this review, we describe the pharmacology of phenibut, the presentation and management of acute intoxication, and regulatory issues, placing particular emphasis on the treatment of acute withdrawal, for which there are no comparative studies. Among 29 cases of phenibut withdrawal, patients were successfully treated with baclofen, benzodiazepines, and phenobarbital, as individual agents or in various combinations. Ancillary medications included antipsychotics, dexmedetomidine, gabapentin, and pregabalin. After stabilization, a number of patients did well on baclofen tapers, whereas others were weaned off benzodiazepines or phenobarbital. Phenobarbital may be preferred over baclofen, or used as an added agent, in patients at risk for seizures. As long as phenibut remains legal, cases of phenibut intoxication and withdrawal are likely to increase. As urine or plasma drug screening for phenibut is not widely available, it is vital that clinicians obtain a detailed medication history in patients presenting to the emergency department with nonspecific symptoms that may represent phenibut intoxication or withdrawal. Further, clinicians may wish to consult an addiction specialist or toxicologist in these situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Penzak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Marilyn Bulloch
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bormann NL, Oesterle TS, Arndt S, Karpyak VM, Croarkin PE. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation or direct current stimulation with pharmacotherapy for treatment of substance use disorders. Am J Addict 2024; 33:269-282. [PMID: 38273429 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have evidence for their potential in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD). Medication for addiction treatment (MAT) is underutilized and not always effective. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case studies that evaluated the effectiveness of TMS or tDCS used concurrently with MAT in SUD treatment. METHODS A systematic review of published literature following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted on 6/1/2023 by a medical librarian. Craving-related scales were extracted for an effect size calculation. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale assessed study quality. RESULTS Eight studies (7 RCT, 1 case) including 253 individuals were published from 2015 to 2022, 5 of which had available data for meta-analysis. TMS or tDCS combined with MAT significantly reduced craving-related measures relative to sham stimulation (Hedges' g = -0.42, confidence interval: -0.73 to -0.11, p < .01). Opioid use disorder, methadone, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were the most commonly studied SUD, MAT, and target region. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results show a significant effect; however, is limited by a small number of studies with heterogeneous methodology across intervention methods and SUDs. Additional trials are needed to fully assess the clinical impact and mechanisms of combined brain stimulation and pharmacotherapy. We discuss a possible mechanism for synergism from these treatment combinations. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Adds the first systematic review of combination treatment with TMS or tDCS and MAT in SUD patients to the literature and estimates its overall effect size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Bormann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Albert Lea, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tyler S Oesterle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephan Arndt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ho MF, Zhang C, Moon I, Tuncturk M, Coombes BJ, Biernacka J, Skime M, Oesterle TS, Karpyak VM, Li H, Weinshilboum R. Molecular mechanisms involved in alcohol craving, IRF3, and endoplasmic reticulum stress: a multi-omics study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:165. [PMID: 38531832 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder worldwide. Acamprosate and naltrexone are anti-craving drugs used in AUD pharmacotherapy. However, molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-craving effect remain unclear. This study utilized a patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based model system and anti-craving drugs that are used to treat AUD as "molecular probes" to identify possible mechanisms associated with alcohol craving. We examined the pathophysiology of craving and anti-craving drugs by performing functional genomics studies using iPSC-derived astrocytes and next-generation sequencing. Specifically, RNA sequencing performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AUD patients with extreme values for alcohol craving intensity prior to treatment showed that inflammation-related pathways were highly associated with alcohol cravings. We then performed a genome-wide assessment of chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles of induced iPSC-derived astrocytes in response to ethanol or anti-craving drugs. Those experiments identified drug-dependent epigenomic signatures, with IRF3 as the most significantly enriched motif in chromatin accessible regions. Furthermore, the activation of IRF3 was associated with ethanol-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which could be attenuated by anti-craving drugs, suggesting that ER stress attenuation might be a target for anti-craving agents. In conclusion, we found that craving intensity was associated with alcohol consumption and treatment outcomes. Our functional genomic studies suggest possible relationships among craving, ER stress, IRF3 and the actions of anti-craving drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Irene Moon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mustafa Tuncturk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Brandon J Coombes
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Joanna Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michelle Skime
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tyler S Oesterle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Richard Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singal AK, Leggio L, DiMartini A. Alcohol use disorder in alcohol-associated liver disease: Two sides of the same coin. Liver Transpl 2024; 30:200-212. [PMID: 37934047 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) has emerged as the leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) worldwide, with 40% of LTs in the United States performed for ALD in 2019. The ALD-related health care burden accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in young individuals. Alcohol use disorder (AUD), which focuses on the negative effects of alcohol on psychosocial, physical, and mental health, is present in the majority of patients with ALD, with moderate to severe AUD in 75%-80%. During the last decade, early liver transplantation (eLT) has emerged as a lifesaving treatment for selected patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis; these patients may have a higher risk of using alcohol after LT. The risk of alcohol use recurrence may be reduced during the pretransplant or post-transplant period with AUD treatment using behavioral and/or pharmacological therapies and with regular monitoring for alcohol use (self-reported and complemented with biomarkers like phosphatidylethanol). However, AUD treatment in patients with ALD is challenging due to patient, clinician, and system barriers. An integrated model to provide AUD and ALD care by hepatologists and addiction experts in a colocated clinic starting from LT evaluation and selection to monitoring listed candidates and then to following up on recipients of LT should be promoted. However, the integration of addiction and hepatology teams in an LT program in the real world is often present only during evaluation and candidate selection for LT. Data are emerging to show that a multidisciplinary integrated AUD treatment within an LT program reduces recurrent alcohol use after LT. If we want to continue using early liver transplantation for patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis, LT programs should focus on building integrated multidisciplinary care teams for the integrated treatment of both AUD and ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani K Singal
- Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Avera McKennan University Hospital, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Department of Transplant Hepatology, Avera Transplant Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Addiction Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Andrea DiMartini
- Departments of Psychiatry and Transplant Surgery, and the Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rosenstand NJ, Nielsen AS, Skøt L, Anhøj S, Nielsen DG, Højlund M, Mellentin AI. Pharmacological Treatment of Alcohol use Disorder in Patients with Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1129-1143. [PMID: 36582063 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221229160300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psychotic disorders (PD) often have comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD), which is typically treated pharmacologically. Up till now, no systematic review has examined the effectiveness and safety of AUD treatment in PD patients. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically review the literature on (1) the effects of pharmacological treatments for AUD on drinking outcomes, (2) the side effects of the drugs, and (3) the effects of polypharmacy in patients with comorbid AUD and PD. METHODS Bibliographic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO. At least two reviewers extracted the data, assessed the risk of bias, and performed the qualitative synthesis of the collected evidence. RESULTS Twelve eligible studies were identified, half being randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Three studies examined disulfiram, nine naltrexone, two acamprosate, and one nalmefene by comparing the effects of treatment to placebo, baseline, or pharmacological agents. Disulfiram and naltrexone were shown to reduce alcohol intake. Regarding acamprosate, the findings were mixed. Nalmefene decreased alcohol intake. All pharmacological agents appeared safe to use as AUD monotherapy, but cardiac events were reported when combining naltrexone and disulfiram. Nine studies had a high risk of bias, and three had some other concerns. CONCLUSION The studies provide tentative support for the use of naltrexone and disulfiram in this population, although combinations of pharmacological AUD treatments and other polypharmacy remain unexplored. The studies had high adherence rates that are hardly replicable in real-world settings. Thus, the findings should be confirmed in larger high quality efficacy and effectiveness RCTs with longer follow-ups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Jørgen Rosenstand
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lotte Skøt
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Anhøj
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Region of Southern Denmark, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Grüner Nielsen
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Drug Treatment Center Odense, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Højlund
- Drug Treatment Center Odense, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry Aabenraa, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Angelina Isabella Mellentin
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Telepsychiatry and E-Mental Health, Center for Telepsychiatry, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meera P, Uusi-Oukari M, Lipshutz GS, Wallner M. GABA A receptors as plausible molecular targets and mediators for taurine and homotaurine actions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1271203. [PMID: 38155909 PMCID: PMC10752957 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1271203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia and autoimmune diseases are prevalent conditions with limited treatment options. Taurine and homotaurine (HT) are naturally occurring sulfonate amino acids, with taurine being highly abundant in animal tissues, but declining with age in the blood. HT is a blood-brain barrier permeable drug under investigation for Alzheimer's disease. HT also has beneficial effects in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis likely through an anti-inflammatory mechanism mediated by GABAA receptor (GABAAR) agonism in immune cells. While both taurine and HT are structural GABA analogs and thought to be GABA mimetics at GABAARs, there is uncertainty concerning their potency as GABA mimetics on native GABAARs. We show that HT is a very potent GABA mimetic, as it evokes GABAAR-mediated currents with an EC50 of 0.4 μM (vs. 3.7 μM for GABA and 116 µM for taurine) in murine cerebellar granule cells in brain slices, with both taurine and HT having similar efficacy in activating native GABAARs. Furthermore, HT displaces the high affinity GABAAR ligand [3H]muscimol at similarly low concentrations (HT IC50 of 0.16 μM vs. 125 μM for taurine) in mouse brain homogenates. The potency of taurine and HT as GABAAR agonists aligns with endogenous concentrations of taurine in the blood and with HT concentrations achieved in the brain following oral administration of HT or the HT pro-drug ALZ-801. Consequently, we discuss that GABAARs subtypes, similar to the ones we studied here in neurons, are plausible targets for mediating the potential beneficial effects of taurine in health and life-span extension and the beneficial HT effects in dementia and autoimmune conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Meera
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mikko Uusi-Oukari
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Gerald S. Lipshutz
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Martin Wallner
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Panwar A, Vaidyanathan S, Udupa ST, Munoli RN, Praharaj SK. Anticraving Effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine in a Patient With Pregabalin and Alcohol Dependence. Am J Ther 2023; 30:e597-e598. [PMID: 35972898 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Panwar
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shetty A, Ibrahim B, Eskander B, Saab S. Management of Patients After Treatment of Severe Alcohol-associated Hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:991-1000. [PMID: 37428091 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is the leading indication for hospitalization among patients with chronic liver disease. Rates of hospitalization for alcohol-associated hepatitis have been rising over the last 2 decades. Patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis carry significant morbidity and mortality, but there is a lack of standardized postdischarge management strategies to care for this challenging group of patients. Patients warrant management of not only their liver disease but also their alcohol use disorder. In this review, we will discuss outpatient management strategies for patients who were recently hospitalized and discharged for alcohol-associated hepatitis. We will discuss short management of their liver disease, long-term follow-up, and review-available treatment options for alcohol use disorder and challenges associated with pursuing treatment for alcohol use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Shetty
- Departments of Medicine
- Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Benjamin Eskander
- Departments of Medicine
- Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sammy Saab
- Departments of Medicine
- Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dharavath RN, Pina-Leblanc C, Tang VM, Sloan ME, Nikolova YS, Pangarov P, Ruocco AC, Shield K, Voineskos D, Blumberger DM, Boileau I, Bozinoff N, Gerretsen P, Vieira E, Melamed OC, Sibille E, Quilty LC, Prevot TD. GABAergic signaling in alcohol use disorder and withdrawal: pathological involvement and therapeutic potential. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1218737. [PMID: 37929054 PMCID: PMC10623140 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1218737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most widely used substances. Alcohol use accounts for 5.1% of the global disease burden, contributes substantially to societal and economic costs, and leads to approximately 3 million global deaths yearly. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) includes various drinking behavior patterns that lead to short-term or long-lasting effects on health. Ethanol, the main psychoactive molecule acting in alcoholic beverages, directly impacts the GABAergic system, contributing to GABAergic dysregulations that vary depending on the intensity and duration of alcohol consumption. A small number of interventions have been developed that target the GABAergic system, but there are promising future therapeutic avenues to explore. This review provides an overview of the impact of alcohol on the GABAergic system, the current interventions available for AUD that target the GABAergic system, and the novel interventions being explored that in the future could be included among first-line therapies for the treatment of AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Celeste Pina-Leblanc
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victor M. Tang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Addiction Division, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew E. Sloan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Addiction Division, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuliya S. Nikolova
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Pangarov
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony C. Ruocco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Shield
- Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daphne Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel M. Blumberger
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nikki Bozinoff
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erica Vieira
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Osnat C. Melamed
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lena C. Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas D. Prevot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Malhotra A, Drexler K, Hsu M, Tang YL. Medication treatment for alcohol use disorder in special populations. Am J Addict 2023; 32:433-441. [PMID: 37551638 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant public health concern, with underutilized effective treatments, particularly in special populations. This article summarizes the current evidence and guidelines for treating AUD in special populations. METHODS This article is a literature review that synthesizes the latest research on AUD treatment for special populations. We screened 242 articles and included 57 in our final review. RESULTS There are four food and Drug Administration-approved medications for AUD (MAUD): disulfiram, oral naltrexone, extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX), and acamprosate. Naltrexone and disulfiram have the potential to cause liver toxicity, and acamprosate should be avoided in patients with severe kidney disease. Psychosocial treatments should be considered first-line for pregnant and nursing patients. Naltrexone is contraindicated in patients on opioids, as it may precipitate acute withdrawal. For patients experiencing homelessness, nonabstinent treatment goals may be more practical, and XR-NTX should be considered to improve adherence. Limited evidence suggests medication can improve AUD treatment outcomes in adolescents and young adults. For patients with poor treatment response despite adequate medication adherence, switching to a different medication and augmentation with psychosocial treatments should be considered. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Understanding the unique considerations for special populations with AUD is crucial, and addressing their special needs may improve their treatment outcomes. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Our study significantly contributes to the existing literature by summarizing crucial information for the treatment of AUD in special populations, highlighting distinct challenges, and emphasizing tailored approaches to improve overall health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen Drexler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Substance Abuse Treatment Program, Joseph Maxwell Cleland Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gendy MNS, Frey BN, Van Ameringen M, Kuhathasan N, MacKillop J. Cannabidiol as a candidate pharmacotherapy for sleep disturbance in alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2023:7150867. [PMID: 37139966 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD), it is estimated that the majority suffer from persistent sleep disturbances for which few candidate medications are available. Our aim wass to critically review the potential for cannabidiol (CBD) as a treatment for AUD-induced sleep disturbance. As context, notable side effects and abuse liability for existing medications for AUD-induced sleep disturbance reduce their clinical utility. CBD modulation of the endocannabinoid system and favorable safety profile have generated substantial interest in its potential therapeutic use for various medical conditions. A number of preclinical and clinical studies suggest promise for CBD in restoring the normal sleep-wake cycle and in enhancing sleep quality in patients diagnosed with AUD. Based on its pharmacology and the existing literature, albeit primarily preclinical and indirect, CBD is a credible candidate to address alcohol-induced sleep disturbance. Well-designed RCTs will be necessary to test its potential in managing this challenging feature of AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie N S Gendy
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8P 3R2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic at St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Michael Van Ameringen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Nirushi Kuhathasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8P 3R2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic at St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Coe C, Patel A, Lawrence D. Pharmacotherapy options for alcohol use disorder in patients with alcohol-associated liver disease: a brief guide for clinicians. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2023; 21:125-129. [PMID: 37936927 PMCID: PMC10627592 DOI: 10.1097/cld.0000000000000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Coe
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arpan Patel
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Lawrence
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Strayer RJ, Friedman BW, Haroz R, Ketcham E, Klein L, LaPietra AM, Motov S, Repanshek Z, Taylor S, Weiner SG, Nelson LS. Emergency Department Management of Patients With Alcohol Intoxication, Alcohol Withdrawal, and Alcohol Use Disorder: A White Paper Prepared for the American Academy of Emergency Medicine. J Emerg Med 2023; 64:517-540. [PMID: 36997435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben J Strayer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
| | - Benjamin W Friedman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rachel Haroz
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Eric Ketcham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Behavioral Health, Addiction Medicine, Presbyterian Healthcare System, Santa Fe & Española, New Mexico
| | - Lauren Klein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, West Islip, New York
| | - Alexis M LaPietra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph's Regional Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey
| | - Sergey Motov
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Zachary Repanshek
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott Taylor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott G Weiner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lewis S Nelson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Post-acute Withdrawal Syndrome. J Addict Med 2023; 17:219-221. [PMID: 36731102 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-acute withdrawal syndrome is an underresearched topic that affects many patients with substance use disorders after the cessation of substance use. Post-acute withdrawal syndrome is exemplified by the occurrence of substance-specific withdrawal signs and symptoms lasting well past the known timeframe for acute withdrawal of a used substance. Post-acute withdrawal syndrome may also include signs and symptoms that are not substance specific that persist, evolve, or appear well past the expected acute withdrawal timeframe. Unfortunately, there is very little scientific literature on post-acute withdrawal syndrome. As a result of this, there are no diagnostic criteria for post-acute withdrawal syndrome, and there is no consensus on the proper name for the condition. We present a case of a 38-year-old man who developed post-acute withdrawal syndrome after treatment with buprenorphine for opioid use disorder and review the limited existing literature on post-acute withdrawal syndrome.
Collapse
|
17
|
Stokłosa I, Więckiewicz G, Stokłosa M, Piegza M, Pudlo R, Gorczyca P. Medications for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence-Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives from a Public Health Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1870. [PMID: 36767234 PMCID: PMC9915396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
No single effective therapy for alcohol abuse has been found, despite it being a serious sociological and economic problem for hundreds of years. It seems difficult to find a single drug as a panacea for the alcohol problem due to the complexity of the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence. The purpose of this narrative review is to review existing and potentially future pharmaceuticals for the treatment of alcohol dependence in the most affordable way possible. Psychotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for alcoholism, while few drugs approved by legislators are available in the augmentation of this treatment, such as acamprosate, disulfiram, and naltrexone, approved by the FDA, and nalmefene by the EMA. There are recent reports in the literature on the possibility of using baclofen, topiramate, varenicline, and gabapentin in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Moreover, the results of recent clinical trials using psychoactive substances such as psilocybin and MDMA appear to be a breakthrough in the modern treatment of alcohol abuse. Despite this initial optimism, a lot of scientific effort is still needed before new pharmacological methods supporting the treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome will be widely available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iga Stokłosa
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Medical University of Silesia, 42-612 Tarnowskie Góry, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sandson N. Important Drug-Drug Interactions for the Addiction Psychiatrist. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2022; 45:431-450. [PMID: 36055731 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The misuse of illicit substances, prescribed medications, and alcohol poses obvious health risks to afflicted individuals. When addressing these health risks, the overarching concerns generally relate to the direct effects that various substances can have on the functioning of multiple organ systems: cardiac, pulmonary, central nervous system, and others. What is not always evident, but potentially equally or even more dire, are the risks arising from drug-drug interactions involving illicit drugs and alcohol, whether with each other, or with prescribed medications. This review provides some basics that enable the reader to fruitfully approach the broad topic of drug-drug interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Sandson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, 126 East Aylesbury Road, Timonium, MD, USA; VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 North Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ho MF, Zhang C, Moon I, Coombes BJ, Biernacka J, Skime M, Choi DS, Croarkin PE, Frye MA, Ngo Q, Skillon C, Oesterle TS, Karpyak VM, Li H, Weinshilboum RM. Plasma TNFSF10 levels associated with acamprosate treatment response in patients with alcohol use disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986238. [PMID: 36120372 PMCID: PMC9475292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acamprosate is an anti-craving drug used in alcohol use disorder (AUD) pharmacotherapy. However, only a subset of patients achieves optimal treatment outcomes. The identification of predictive biomarkers of acamprosate treatment response in patients with AUD would be a substantial advance in addiction medicine. We designed this study to use proteomics data as a quantitative biological trait as a step toward identifying inflammatory modulators that might be associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes. The NIAAA-funded Mayo Clinic Center for the Individualized Treatment of Alcoholism study had previously recruited 442 AUD patients who received 3 months of acamprosate treatment. However, only 267 subjects returned for the 3-month follow-up visit and, as a result, had treatment outcome information available. Baseline alcohol craving intensity was the most significant predictor of acamprosate treatment outcomes. We performed plasma proteomics using the Olink target 96 inflammation panel and identified that baseline plasma TNF superfamily member 10 (TNFSF10) concentration was associated with alcohol craving intensity and variation in acamprosate treatment outcomes among AUD patients. We also performed RNA sequencing using baseline peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AUD patients with known acamprosate treatment outcomes which revealed that inflammation-related pathways were highly associated with relapse to alcohol use during the 3 months of acamprosate treatment. These observations represent an important step toward advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of AUD and molecular mechanisms associated with acamprosate treatment response. In conclusion, applying omics-based approaches may be a practical approach for identifying biologic markers that could potentially predict alcohol craving intensity and acamprosate treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Irene Moon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Brandon J. Coombes
- Division of Computational Biology, Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Joanna Biernacka
- Division of Computational Biology, Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michelle Skime
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paul E. Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Quyen Ngo
- Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Mayo Clinic, Center City, MN, United States
| | - Cedric Skillon
- Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Mayo Clinic, Center City, MN, United States
| | - Tyler S. Oesterle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Victor M. Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Richard M. Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dalal PK, Kar SK, Agarwal SK. Management of Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:S394-S401. [PMID: 35602366 PMCID: PMC9122172 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1016_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pronob Kumar Dalal
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nielsen AS, Askgaard G, Thiele M. Treatment of alcohol use disorder in patients with liver disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 62:145-151. [PMID: 34999372 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol contributes to more than 5% of global mortality, and causes more than half of all liver-related deaths. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) can be used to detect those patients with hazardous drinking and alcohol dependence who will benefit from psychosocial and pharmacological alcohol treatment. Psychosocial treatments range from brief interventions and cognitive behavioral therapy, to experimental neuropsychological treatments. Psychosocial intervention can be combined with acamprosate or naltrexone as first line pharmacological treatments. For patients with liver disease, abstinence increases survival and is therefore an important treatment goal. Acamprosate is a good choice, as it prevents relapse to drinking with a number needed to treat of 12. There are no reports indicating high risks of liver toxicity for acamprosate or naltrexone, but evidence is scarce. We recommend vigorous screening for alcohol use disorder in liver disease patients, followed by psychosocial intervention and complemented by pharmaceutical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- Research Unit of Alcohol Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gro Askgaard
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Thiele
- Center for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Management of alcohol use disorder in patients with cirrhosis in the setting of liver transplantation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:45-59. [PMID: 34725498 PMCID: PMC8559139 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been steadily increasing over the past decade. In parallel, alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) has been increasing at an alarming rate, especially among young patients. Data suggest that most patients with ALD do not receive AUD therapy. Although liver transplantation is the only curative therapy for end-stage ALD, transplant candidacy is often a matter of debate given concerns about patients being under-treated for AUD and fears of post-transplantation relapse affecting the allograft. In this Review, we discuss diagnosis, predictors and effects of relapse, behavioural therapies and pharmacotherapies, and we also propose an integrative, multidisciplinary and multimodality approach for treating AUD in patients with cirrhosis, especially in the setting of liver transplantation. Notably, this approach takes into account the utility of AUD pharmacotherapy in patients on immunosuppressive medications and those with renal impairment after liver transplantation. We also propose a comprehensive and objective definition of relapse utilizing contemporary biomarkers to guide future clinical trials. Future research using the proposed approach and definition is warranted with the goal of optimizing AUD treatment in patients with cirrhosis, the transplant selection process and post-transplantation care of patients with AUD.
Collapse
|
23
|
Differential Influence of Pueraria lobata Root Extract and Its Main Isoflavones on Ghrelin Levels in Alcohol-Treated Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010025. [PMID: 35056082 PMCID: PMC8777655 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was carried out on alcohol-preferring male Wistar rats. The following drugs were repeatedly (28×) administered: acamprosate (500 mg/kg, p.o.), naltrexone (0.1 mg/kg, i.p), and Pueraria lobata (kudzu) root extract (KU) (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and its isoflavones: daidzin (40 mg/kg, p.o.) and puerarin (150 mg/kg, p.o.). Their effects on a voluntary alcohol intake were assessed. KU and alcohol were also given for 9 days in an experiment on alcohol tolerance development. Finally, total and active ghrelin levels in peripheral blood serum were measured by ELISA method. Acamprosate, naltrexone, daidzin, and puerarin, reducing the alcohol intake, caused an increase in both forms of ghrelin levels. On the contrary, though KU inhibited the alcohol intake and alcohol tolerance development, it reduced ghrelin levels in alcohol-preferring rats. The changes of ghrelin concentration could play a role as an indicator of the currently used drugs. The other effect on the KU-induced shift in ghrelin levels in the presence of alcohol requires further detailed study.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghin F, Beste C, Stock AK. Neurobiological mechanisms of control in alcohol use disorder - moving towards mechanism-based non-invasive brain stimulation treatments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 133:104508. [PMID: 34942268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by excessive habitual drinking and loss of control over alcohol intake despite negative consequences. Both of these aspects foster uncontrolled drinking and high relapse rates in AUD patients. Yet, common interventions mostly focus on the phenomenological level, and prioritize the reduction of craving and withdrawal symptoms. Our review provides a mechanistic understanding of AUD and suggests alternative therapeutic approaches targeting the mechanisms underlying dysfunctional alcohol-related behaviours. Specifically, we explain how repeated drinking fosters the development of rigid drinking habits and is associated with diminished cognitive control. These behavioural and cognitive effects are then functionally related to the neurobiochemical effects of alcohol abuse. We further explain how alterations in fronto-striatal network activity may constitute the neurobiological correlates of these alcohol-related dysfunctions. Finally, we discuss limitations in current pharmacological AUD therapies and suggest non-invasive brain stimulation (like TMS and tDCS interventions) as a potential addition/alternative for modulating the activation of both cortical and subcortical areas to help re-establish the functional balance between controlled and automatic behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ghin
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a serious, prevalent disorder that affects millions of people. There are numerous evidence-based treatments and strategies to treat AUD, but they are under-utilized for a variety of reasons, including provider stigma, lack of knowledge, lack of professional support, shortage of willing providers, and patient barriers. Disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamprosate are approved but underused medications for the treatment of AUD. Nonpharmacological strategies and treatments include the use of motivational interviewing when talking to patients about their alcohol use, peer support or mutual help groups, and individualized therapy. Nurses are in a prime position to educate themselves and patients on evidence-based treatments for AUD and to help patients access those treatments. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(12), 7-11.].
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Hagerman RJ, Hagerman PJ. Fragile X Syndrome: Lessons Learned and What New Treatment Avenues Are on the Horizon. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:365-381. [PMID: 34499526 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052120-090147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and the leading single-gene form of autism spectrum disorder, encompassing cognitive, behavioral, and physical forms of clinical involvement. FXS is caused by large expansions of a noncoding CGG repeat (>200 repeats) in the FMR1 gene, at which point the gene is generally silenced. Absence of FMR1 protein (FMRP), important for synaptic development and maintenance, gives rise to the neurodevelopmental disorder. There is, at present, no therapeutic approach that directly reverses the loss of FMRP; however, there is an increasing number of potential treatments that target the pathways dysregulated in FXS, including those that address the enhanced activity of the mGluR5 pathway and deficits in GABA pathways. Based on studies of targeted therapeutics to date, the prospects are good for one or more effective therapies for FXS in the near future. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randi J Hagerman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, USA; .,MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Paul J Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pharmacotherapy of substance use disorders in the neuroscience-based nomenclature (NbN). Therapie 2021; 76:127-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
29
|
Bota AB, Simmons JG, DiBattista A, Wilson K. Carnitine in Alcohol Use Disorders: A Scoping Review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:666-674. [PMID: 33576525 PMCID: PMC8252636 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have demonstrated some connections between carnitine metabolism and the pathophysiology of the disease. In this scoping review, we aimed to collate and examine existing research available on carnitine metabolism and AUDs and develop hypotheses surrounding the role carnitine may play in AUD. A scoping review method was used to search electronic databases in September 2019. The database search terms used included “alcohol, alcoholism, alcohol abuse, alcohol consumption, alcohol drinking patterns, alcohol‐induced disorders, alcoholic intoxication, alcohol‐related disorders, binge drinking, Wernicke encephalopathy, acylcarnitine, acetyl‐l‐carnitine, acetylcarnitine, carnitine and palmitoylcarnitine.” The inclusion criteria included English language, human‐based, AUD diagnosis and measured blood or tissue carnitine or used carnitine as a treatment. Of 586 studies that were identified and screened, 65 underwent abstract review, and 41 were fully reviewed. Eighteen studies were ultimately included for analysis. Data were summarized in an electronic data extraction form. We found that there is limited literature available. Alcohol use appears to impact carnitine metabolism, most clearly in the setting of alcoholic cirrhosis. Six studies found carnitine to be increased in AUD, of which 5 were conducted in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Only 3 placebo‐controlled trials were identified and provide some support for the use of carnitine in AUD to decrease cravings, anhedonia, and withdrawal and improve cognition. The increase in plasma carnitine in alcoholic cirrhosis may be related to disordered fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress that occurs in AUD. The multiple possible therapeutic effects carnitine could have on ethanol metabolism and the early evidence available for carnitine supplementation as a treatment for AUD provide a foundation for future randomized control trials of carnitine for treating AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Brianne Bota
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alicia DiBattista
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kumanan Wilson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fairbanks J, Umbreit A, Kolla BP, Karpyak VM, Schneekloth TD, Loukianova LL, Sinha S. Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapies for Alcohol Use Disorder: Clinical Pearls. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1964-1977. [PMID: 32446635 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic alcohol use affects more than 2 billion people and accounts for nearly 6% of all deaths worldwide. There are three medications approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorder by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): disulfiram, naltrexone (oral and long-acting injectable), and acamprosate. Of growing interest is the use of anticonvulsants for the treatment of alcohol use disorder, although currently none are FDA approved for this indication. Baclofen, a γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor agonist used for spasticity and pain, received temporary approval for alcohol use disorder in France. Despite effective pharmacotherapies, less than 9% of patients who undergo any form of alcohol use disorder treatment receive pharmacotherapies. Current evidence does not support the use of pharmacogenetic testing for treatment individualization. The objective of this review is to provide knowledge on practice parameters for evidenced-based pharmacologic treatment approaches in patients with alcohol use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Fairbanks
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Mankato
| | - Audrey Umbreit
- Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System, Southwest Minnesota Region and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mankato
| | - Bhanu Prakash Kolla
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Terry D Schneekloth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Larissa L Loukianova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Shirshendu Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lohoff FW. Pharmacotherapies and personalized medicine for alcohol use disorder: a review. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:1117-1138. [PMID: 32807012 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent and among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Pharmacotherapies for AUD are limited, thus making identification of patient subgroups that are most likely to respond favorably crucial. In this article, pharmacogenetic research on US FDA-approved and commonly prescribed off-label medications for the treatment of AUD is comprehensively reviewed. While the field has advanced in understanding pharmacotherapies for AUD and potential genetic moderators of treatment responses, the pharmacogenetic data to guide the prescribing clinician are limited and should be interpreted with caution. Precision medicine for AUD with more beneficial treatment responses and minimal side effects remains a high priority for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics & Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Phosphorus, Selenium, Zinc, and Chromium Levels in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061901. [PMID: 32570709 PMCID: PMC7357092 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macronutrients and trace elements are important components of living tissues that have different metabolic properties and functions. Trace elements participate in the regulation of immunity through humoral and cellular mechanisms, nerve conduction, muscle spasms, membrane potential regulation as well as mitochondrial activity and enzymatic reactions. Excessive alcohol consumption disrupts the concentrations of crucial trace elements, also increasing the risk of enhanced oxidative stress and alcohol-related liver diseases. In this review, we present the status of selected macroelements and trace elements in the serum and plasma of people chronically consuming alcohol. Such knowledge helps to understand the mechanisms of chronic alcohol-use disorder and to progress and prevent withdrawal effects, also improving treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
33
|
Farhadi M, Salem MM, Asghari A, Daneshi A, Mirsalehi M, Mahmoudian S. Impact of Acamprosate on Chronic Tinnitus: A Randomized-Controlled Trial. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020; 129:1110-1119. [PMID: 32500717 DOI: 10.1177/0003489420930773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tinnitus is a common and distressing otologic symptom, with various probable pathophysiologic mechanisms, such as an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. Acamprosate, generally used to treat alcoholism, is a glutaminergic antagonist and GABA agonist suggested for treating tinnitus. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acamprosate in the treatment of tinnitus. METHODS The current randomized-controlled trial study included 20 subjects with chronic tinnitus. After performing psycho-acoustic, psychometric and electrophysiological evaluations, all studied tinnitus subjects were randomly divided into two groups of acamprosate and placebo. The first group received oral acamprosate (two tablets of 333 mg/d, three times a day), whereas the second group was given placebo treatment (two tablets, three times a day). After the first 30 days, all evaluations were repeated for the studied groups just in the same manner before the study. Subsequently, the final results of each evaluation were compared together with the baseline values. RESULTS Nine studied subjects randomly received acamprosate, whereas eleven others received a placebo. There was no significant improvement in the psycho-acoustic tests, except a decrease was observed in the pitch match of tinnitus (P = .039). For those subjects who were receiving acamprosate, a significant reduction was observed in tinnitus handicap inventory (P = .006), tinnitus questionnaire scores (P = .007), and the visual analog scores (P = .007) compared to the placebo group. There was a significant reduction in Action Potential latency (P = .048) as well as an increase in the amplitude of distortion product otoacoustic emissions at 4 kHz (P = .048). CONCLUSIONS The study results indicated a subjective relief of tinnitus as well as some degree of the electrophysiological improvement at the level of the cochlear and the distal portion of the auditory nerve among the subjects who received the acamprosate. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION CODE IRCT2013121115751N1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, the Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Salem
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, the Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- Skull Base Research Center, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daneshi
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, the Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mirsalehi
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, the Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mahmoudian
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, the Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
This article reviews some of the recent discoveries about how neurobiological processes contribute to the understanding and treatment of substance use disorders. Particular focus is given to cannabis, opioids, and designer drugs. Important areas addressed include triggers and cravings, the central roles of dopamine and stress, and the endocannabinoid system. Clinical relevance of these findings for withdrawal management and relapse prevention is discussed. Also highlighted are issues related to the opioid epidemic and consequences both of continuing federal prohibition of cannabis as well as its state-by-state relaxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Kolodner
- Kolmac Outpatient Recovery Centers, 3919 National Drive, Burtonsville, MD 20910, USA; Georgetown University, University of Maryland Schools of Medicine.
| | - Vassilis E Koliatsos
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Neuropsychiatry Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, The Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital, 6501 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Prevention, screening, and treatment for heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder. Lancet Psychiatry 2019; 6:1054-1067. [PMID: 31630982 PMCID: PMC6883141 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder are major public health problems. Practitioners not specialising in alcohol treatment are often unaware of the guidelines for preventing, identifying, and treating heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder. However, a consensus exists that clinically useful and valuable tools are available to address these issues. Here, we review existing information and developments from the past 5 years in these areas. We also include information on heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder among individuals with co-occurring psychiatric disorders, including drug use disorders. Areas covered include prevention; screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment; evidence-based behavioural interventions; medication-assisted treatment; technology-based interventions (eHealth and mHealth); and population-level interventions. We also discuss the key topics for future research.
Collapse
|
36
|
Patnaik A, Buttar BS, Ataallah B, Kumar V. Rare Anaphylactic Reaction to Acamprosate in a Young Alcoholic. Cureus 2019; 11:e6210. [PMID: 31890411 PMCID: PMC6925377 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism is a worldwide health issue that affects people from all walks of life. Effective alcohol abuse treatment programs, which combine cognitive behavioral therapy with medications, are necessary to provide the appropriate care that patients need. Treatment options include Naltrexone, Acamprosate, or Disulfiram. Due to poor compliance, Disulfiram is used as a second line agent. These medications play an integral role in treating alcohol abuse. Healthcare providers must be aware of their side effect profiles. This includes a rare and fatal anaphylactic reaction to Acamprosate which is not well documented in the current literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Patnaik
- Rheumatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Barjinder S Buttar
- Internal Medicine, Northwell Health Mather Hospital, Port Jefferson, USA
| | - Basma Ataallah
- Internal Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Mather, New York, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra / Northwell, Port Jefferson, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Spoorthy MS, Godi S, Singh LK. Deterrent Action of Acamprosate: A Case Report. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2019; 11:276-280. [PMID: 32206220 PMCID: PMC7073809 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v11i4.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the three pharmacological agents available for alcohol de-addiction, acamprosate and naltrexone are considered anti-craving agents. Among these two, acamprosate is better tolerated, has low abuse potential, and is safe in overdose. But the mechanism of action of acamprosate still remains unclear. CASE REPORT This case report gives a description of a 46-year-old male patient diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndrome with prior admissions and failed treatments with naltrexone and baclofen. He developed skin reaction after relapsing with alcohol use while receiving acamprosate therapy. The severity of the adverse effects varied with the amount of alcohol consumed by the patient. This suggests the possibility of deterrent-like action of acamprosate in our patient. The symptoms reduced after abstinence from alcohol and the patient was continued on acamprosate and relapse prevention therapy (RPT). CONCLUSION Clinicians should consider the possible deterrent effect of acamprosate and manage such patients accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamidipalli Sai Spoorthy
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India,Correspondence to: Mamidipalli Sai Spoorthy,
| | - Sanghamitra Godi
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Antonescu IE, Rasmussen KF, Neuhoff S, Fretté X, Karlgren M, Bergström CAS, Nielsen CU, Steffansen B. The Permeation of Acamprosate Is Predominantly Caused by Paracellular Diffusion across Caco-2 Cell Monolayers: A Paracellular Modeling Approach. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4636-4650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Karlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jung WY, Kim SG, Kim HK, Huh SY, Kim DW, Yoon DU, Yang CH, Kim HY, Jang EY. The Effect of Oral Administration of Black Sticky Rice with Giant Embryo on Brain GABA Concentrations. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:615-620. [PMID: 31352770 PMCID: PMC6710419 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.05.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Black sticky rice with giant embryo (BSRGE) contains high GABA content and affects alcohol-related indices among social drinkers, and alcohol intake and anxiety-related behavior of mice. However, it is unknown whether the intake of BSRGE affects GABAergic activity of brain directly. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effect of oral administration of BSRGE on brain GABA concentrations compared with commercially available GABA compound and regular feeds. METHODS Twenty-one male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to BSRGE, a regular feed (AIN-76) lacking GABA, and a regular feed containing GABA compound. After feeding freely for 48 h, the cortex and striatum were separated from the brain. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to measure GABA and glutamate concentrations in mouse brain. RESULTS The GABA concentration of the BSRGE group was higher than that of regular feed and GABA compound group (p<0.001). However, the GABA compound group showed no significant difference from the regular feed group (p=0.50). CONCLUSION Intake of BSRGE containing high GABA content increased GABA concentrations in mouse brain compared with regular feed unlike GABA compound. The results of this study constitute an important basis for further investigations into the clinical applications of BSRGE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Young Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Kyeong Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Young Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Wook Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Research Center for Convergence Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daegeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zastrozhin MS, Skryabin VY, Miroshkin SS, Bryun EA, Sychev DA. Pharmacogenetics of alcohol addiction: current perspectives. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2019; 12:131-140. [PMID: 31372024 PMCID: PMC6628972 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s206745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetics of alcohol addiction is currently a contradictive and complex field, where data in the most studies reflect methods’ limitations rather than meaningful and complementary results. In our review, we focus on the genetics of alcohol addiction, leaving genetics of acute alcohol intoxication out of the scope. A review of the literature on pharmacogenetic biomarkers development for the pharmacotherapy personalization reveals that today the evidence base concerning these biomarkers is still insufficient. In particular, now the researches with the design of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis investigating the effect of the SNPs as biomarkers on the therapy efficacy are available for naltrexone only. For other medications, there are only a few studies in small samples. It decreases the possibilities to implement the pharmacogenetic algorithms for the pharmacotherapy personalization in patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD). In view of the importance of the precision approaches development not in addiction medicine only, but in other fields of medicine also to increase the efficacy and safety of the therapy, studies on pharmacogenetic biomarkers development for the medications used in patients with AUD (eg, naltrexone, disulfiram, nalmefene, acamprosate, etc.) remain relevant to this day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Zastrozhin
- Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions of the Moscow Department of Healthcare , Moscow 109390, Russian Federation.,Department of Addictology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123995, Russian Federation
| | - V Yu Skryabin
- Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions of the Moscow Department of Healthcare , Moscow 109390, Russian Federation
| | - S S Miroshkin
- Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions of the Moscow Department of Healthcare , Moscow 109390, Russian Federation.,Department of Addictology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123995, Russian Federation
| | - E A Bryun
- Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions of the Moscow Department of Healthcare , Moscow 109390, Russian Federation.,Department of Addictology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123995, Russian Federation
| | - D A Sychev
- Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions of the Moscow Department of Healthcare , Moscow 109390, Russian Federation.,Department of Addictology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123995, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vico Varela E, Etter G, Williams S. Excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic significance. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:605-615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
42
|
Łukawski K, Rusek M, Czuczwar SJ. Can pharmacotherapy play a role in treating internet addiction disorder? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1299-1301. [PMID: 31058549 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1612366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Łukawski
- a Department of Physiopathology , Institute of Rural Health , Lublin , Poland.,b Department of Pathophysiology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Marta Rusek
- b Department of Pathophysiology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland.,c Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology , Laboratory for Immunology of Skin Diseases, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Stanisław J Czuczwar
- b Department of Pathophysiology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Crowley NA, Magee SN, Feng M, Jefferson SJ, Morris CJ, Dao NC, Brockway DF, Luscher B. Ketamine normalizes binge drinking-induced defects in glutamatergic synaptic transmission and ethanol drinking behavior in female but not male mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:35-44. [PMID: 30731135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine is a fast acting experimental antidepressant with significant therapeutic potential for emotional disorders such as major depressive disorder and alcohol use disorders. Of particular interest is binge alcohol use, which during intermittent withdrawal from drinking involves depressive-like symptoms reminiscent of major depressive disorder. Binge drinking has been successfully modeled in mice with the Drinking in the Dark (DID) paradigm, which involves daily access to 20% ethanol, for a limited duration and selectively during the dark phase of the circadian light cycle. Here we demonstrate that DID exposure reduces the cell surface expression of NMDA- and AMPA-type glutamate receptors in the prelimbic cortex (PLC) of female but not male mice, along with reduced activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Pretreatment with an acute subanesthetic dose of ketamine suppresses binge-like ethanol consumption in female but not male mice. Lastly, DID-exposure reduces spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the PLC of both sexes, but synaptic transmission is rescued by ketamine selectively in female mice. Thus, ketamine may have therapeutic potential as an ethanol binge suppressing agent selectively in female subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Crowley
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sarah N Magee
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mengyang Feng
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sarah J Jefferson
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Christian J Morris
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nigel C Dao
- Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Dakota F Brockway
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Bernhard Luscher
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tian J, Dang H, Wallner M, Olsen R, Kaufman DL. Homotaurine, a safe blood-brain barrier permeable GABA A-R-specific agonist, ameliorates disease in mouse models of multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16555. [PMID: 30410049 PMCID: PMC6224391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for treatments that can safely promote regulatory lymphocyte responses. T cells express GABA receptors (GABAA-Rs) and GABA administration can inhibit Th1-mediated processes such as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis in mouse models. Whether GABAA-R agonists can also inhibit Th17-driven processes such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis (MS), is an open question. GABA does not pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) making it ill-suited to inhibit the spreading of autoreactivity within the CNS. Homotaurine is a BBB-permeable amino acid that antagonizes amyloid fibril formation and was found to be safe but ineffective in long-term Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials. Homotaurine also acts as GABAA-R agonist with better pharmacokinetics than that of GABA. Working with both monophasic and relapsing-remitting mouse models of EAE, we show that oral administration of homotaurine can (1) enhance CD8+CD122+PD-1+ and CD4+Foxp3+ Treg, but not Breg, responses, (2) inhibit autoreactive Th17 and Th1 responses, and (3) effectively ameliorate ongoing disease. These observations demonstrate the potential of BBB-permeable GABAA-R agonists as a new class of treatment to enhance CD8+ and CD4+ Treg responses and limit Th17 and Th1-medaited inflammation in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jide Tian
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Hoa Dang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martin Wallner
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard Olsen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel L Kaufman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Eischens P, Atherton WL. Psychedelic therapy as a complementary treatment approach for alcohol use disorders. JOURNAL OF PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/2054.2018.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Eischens
- Department of Addictions & Rehabilitation Studies, East Carolina University, Health Sciences Building, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - William Leigh Atherton
- Department of Addictions & Rehabilitation Studies, East Carolina University, Health Sciences Building, Greenville, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Stoklosa TM, Morley KC, Volovets A, Haber PS. Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder in the Context of Liver Disease. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-018-0211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
47
|
Gomez R, Caletti G, Arbo BD, Hoefel AL, Schneider R, Hansen AW, Pulcinelli RR, Freese L, Bandiera S, Kucharski LC, Barros HMT. Acute intraperitoneal administration of taurine decreases the glycemia and reduces food intake in type 1 diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1028-1034. [PMID: 29710660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine, an amino acid with antioxidant and osmoregulatory properties, has been studied for its possible antidiabetic properties in type 1 and type 2 diabetic animals. In type 2 diabetic mice, taurine decreases blood glucose through increased insulin secretion and insulin receptor sensitization. However, insulin is absent in type 1 diabetic individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine on parameters related to the energy balance that could explain the metabolic action of this amino acid in type 1 diabetic rats. Control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received saline or taurine (100 mg/kg/day), intraperitoneally, for 30 days. Parameters such as palatable food intake, gastrointestinal transit rate, serum glucose, insulin, leptin, and glucagon levels were measured 60 min after the last taurine administration. Liver, kidneys, heart, and retroperitoneal fat were dissected and weighted. Glycogen levels were measured in the liver and soleus muscle. Our results showed that acute taurine administration decreased glycemia. It also decreased food intake in diabetic rats, without affecting other metabolic parameters. Altogether, our results suggest that in type 1 diabetic rats, taurine decreases blood glucose by a non-insulin-dependent mechanism. Due to the safety profile of taurine, and its effect on glycemia, this amino acid may help to design new drugs to add benefit to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetic individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosane Gomez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
| | - Greice Caletti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA), Brazil
| | - Bruno Dutra Arbo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Hoefel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Ricardo Schneider
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Alana Witt Hansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Rianne Remus Pulcinelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Luana Freese
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA), Brazil
| | - Solange Bandiera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Kucharski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Helena Maria Tanhauser Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Antonelli M, Ferrulli A, Sestito L, Vassallo GA, Tarli C, Mosoni C, Rando MM, Mirijello A, Gasbarrini A, Addolorato G. Alcohol addiction - the safety of available approved treatment options. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017; 17:169-177. [PMID: 29120249 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1404025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. At present disulfiram, naltrexone and acamprosate are approved for the treatment of AUD in U.S. and Europe. Nalmefene is approved in Europe and sodium oxybate is approved in Italy and Austria only. Baclofen received a 'temporary recommendation for use' in France. AREAS COVERED The safety of the above mentioned medications on liver, digestive system, kidney function, nervous system, pregnancy and lactation and their possible side effects are described and discussed. EXPERT OPINION Mechanism of action and metabolism of these drugs as well as patients' clinical characteristics can affect the safety of treatment. All approved medications are valid tools for the treatment of AUD in patients without advanced liver disease. For some drugs, attention should be paid to patients with renal failure and medications may be used with caution, adjusting the dosage according to kidney function. In patients with AUD and advanced liver disease, at present only baclofen has been formally tested in randomized controlled trials showing its safety in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Antonelli
- a Alcohol Use Disorders Unit , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Anna Ferrulli
- a Alcohol Use Disorders Unit , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy.,b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease , IRCCS Policlinico San Donato , Milan , Italy
| | - Luisa Sestito
- a Alcohol Use Disorders Unit , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Gabriele A Vassallo
- a Alcohol Use Disorders Unit , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Claudia Tarli
- a Alcohol Use Disorders Unit , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Carolina Mosoni
- a Alcohol Use Disorders Unit , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria M Rando
- a Alcohol Use Disorders Unit , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Mirijello
- c Department of Medical Sciences , IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital , San Giovanni Rotondo , Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- d Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Addolorato
- a Alcohol Use Disorders Unit , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy.,d Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Benke D, Möhler H. Impact on GABA systems in monogenetic developmental CNS disorders: Clues to symptomatic treatment. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:46-55. [PMID: 28764992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies of several single-gene disorders demonstrate that reversing the molecular signaling deficits can result in substantial symptomatic improvements in function. Focusing on the ratio of excitation to inhibition as a potential pathophysiological hallmark, seven single-gene developmental CNS disorders are reviewed which are characterized by a striking dysregulation of neuronal inhibition. Deficits in inhibition and excessive inhibition are found. The examples of developmental disorders encompass Neurofibromatosis type 1, Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, Dravet syndrome including autism-like behavior, NONO-mutation-induced intellectual disability, Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and Congenital nystagmus due to FRMD7 mutations. The phenotype/genotype correlations observed in animal models point to potential treatment options and will continue to inspire clinical research. Three drugs are presently in clinical trials: acamprosate and ganoxolon for Fragile X syndrome and SGS-742 for SSADH deficiency. This article is part of the "Special Issue Dedicated to Norman G. Bowery".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Benke
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Drug Discovery Network Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Hanns Möhler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 10, 8023 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Marshall SA, McKnight KH, Blose AK, Lysle DT, Thiele TE. Modulation of Binge-like Ethanol Consumption by IL-10 Signaling in the Basolateral Amygdala. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:249-259. [PMID: 27640210 PMCID: PMC5357210 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption alters the neuroimmune system and particularly impacts the cytokine milieu of the CNS. Cytokine dysregulation has been shown to underlie addictive-like behaviors including alcohol abuse; however, many studies focus primarily on the proinflammatory cytokine profile during alcohol dependence. The current study furthers this research by determining the impact of excessive ethanol consumption on interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) activity in a model of non-dependent binge consumption called the "drinking in the dark" (DID) paradigm. Furthermore, the ability of IL-10 to modulate ethanol consumption was tested using site-directed pharmacology. Immunohistochemistry analyses determined that ethanol decreased IL-10 by 50 % in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) but had no effect on IL-4. Neither IL-10 nor IL-4, however, were altered in the central amygdala (CEA). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays confirmed that IL-10 was decreased in the amygdala but not in the serum, suggesting changes of this cytokine with the DID paradigm are restricted to the central nervous system. Finally, bilateral infusions of IL-10 into the BLA, but not CeA, reduced binge-like drinking and corresponding blood ethanol concentrations without impacting either locomotor activity or anxiety-like behavioral correlates. Together, these data support the idea that alcohol abuse dysregulates specific anti-inflammatory cytokines; however, ameliorating alcohol-induced effects on cytokines, like IL-10, may prove to be an effective therapy in curbing excessive consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Alex Marshall
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, Davie Hall, CB# 3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kyle H McKnight
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, Davie Hall, CB# 3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Allyson K Blose
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, Davie Hall, CB# 3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, Davie Hall, CB# 3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Todd E Thiele
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, Davie Hall, CB# 3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA.
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|