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Li R, Zhang K, Xu Z, Yu Y, Wang D, Li K, Liu W, Pan J. Liraglutide ameliorates TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure by upregulating expression level of ANP expression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32229. [PMID: 38868006 PMCID: PMC11168427 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have underscored the cardioprotective properties of liraglutide. This research explores its impact on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). We found that liraglutide administration markedly ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and function. These benefits correlated with increased ANP expression and reduced activity in the calcineurin A/NFATc3 signaling pathway. Moreover, liraglutide mitigated ER stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and enhanced autophagy. Notably, the positive effects of liraglutide diminished when co-administered with A71915, an ANP inhibitor, suggesting that ANP upregulation is critical to its cardioprotective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisha Li
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keyin Zhang
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenjun Xu
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanrong Yu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxue Liu
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Lavoie O, Turmel A, Mattoon P, Desrosiers WJ, Plamondon J, Michael NJ, Caron A. Hypothalamic GABAergic Neurons Expressing Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 1 (CRABP1) Are Sensitive to Metabolic Status and Liraglutide in Male Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2024; 114:681-697. [PMID: 38631315 PMCID: PMC11232952 DOI: 10.1159/000538716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to their privileged anatomical location, neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) play critical roles in sensing and responding to metabolic signals such as leptin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). In addition to the well-known proopiomelanocortin (POMC)- and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons, subpopulations of GABAergic neurons are emerging as key regulators of energy balance. However, the precise identity of these metabolic neurons is still elusive. Here, we identified and characterized the molecular signature of a novel population of GABAergic neurons of the ARC expressing Cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (Crabp1). METHODS Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques, we investigated the expression of Crabp1 across the mouse brain and characterized the molecular identity of Crabp1ARC neurons. We also determined whether Crabp1ARC neurons are sensitive to fasting, leptin, and GLP1R agonism by assessing cFOS immunoreactivity as a marker of neuronal activity. RESULTS Crabp1ARC neurons represent a novel GABAergic neuronal population robustly enriched in the ARC and are distinct from the prototypical melanocortin neurons. Crabp1ARC neurons overlap with three subpopulations of yet uncharacterized ARC neurons expressing Htr3b, Tbx19, and Tmem215. Notably, Crabp1ARC neurons express receptors for metabolic hormones and their activity is modulated by the nutritional state and GLP1R agonism. CONCLUSION Crabp1ARC neurons represent a novel heterogeneous population of GABAergic neurons sensitive to metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lavoie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Turmel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Paige Mattoon
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Natalie Jane Michael
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Zou L, Xu C, Wang L, Cao X, Jia X, Yang Z, Jiang G, Ji L. Human gestational diabetes mellitus-derived exosomes impair glucose homeostasis in pregnant mice and stimulate functional maturation of offspring-islets. Life Sci 2024; 342:122514. [PMID: 38395386 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic islets undergo critical development and functional maturation during the perinatal period when they are highly sensitive to microenvironment. We aim to determine the effects and mechanisms of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) hypermetabolic stress on glucose homeostasis in pregnant mice and functional maturation of the islets of their offspring. MAIN METHODS Exosomes were extracted from the umbilical vein blood of individuals with or without GDM for administration to pregnant mice. The blood glucose, serum insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and lipopolysaccharide levels were measured in pregnant mice. The expression and localization of insulin, glucagon, PC1/3, PDX1, and p-S6 in the islets of neonatal rats were continuously monitored using immunofluorescence to evaluate their functional status. Primary islet cells were cultured and treated with GDM exosomes and exendin to determine the expression of GLP-1R, AKT, p-AKT, and p-S6 via western blotting. KEY FINDINGS GDM exosomes induced remarkable oral glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and metabolic inflammation in pregnant mice. The islets of GDM offspring exhibited high insulin, glucagon, PC1/3, PDX1, and p-S6 expression at and after birth, and activation of the local GLP-1/GLP-1R axis. The functional maturation of normal-offspring islets did not commence until after birth, while it was activated prior to birth in GDM offspring, seriously disrupting the whole process. GDM exosomes activated the GLP-1/GLP-1R axis between α and β cells, and stimulated functional maturation of β cells via the Akt-mTORC1-pS6 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide preliminary insights into the mechanisms underlying the high incidence of diabetes in the offspring of mothers with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhai Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Chunxue Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266035, China
| | - Xiangju Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xinyu Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China; Zhaoqing Yikai international pharmaceutical research institute, Zhaoqing 526000, China
| | - Lixia Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China.
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Ding L, Sun Y, Liang Y, Zhang J, Fu Z, Ren C, Li P, Liu W, Xiao R, Wang H, Zhang Z, Yue X, Li C, Wu Z, Feng Y, Liang X, Ma C, Gao L. Beta-Cell Tipe1 Orchestrates Insulin Secretion and Cell Proliferation by Promoting Gαs/cAMP Signaling via USP5. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304940. [PMID: 38417114 PMCID: PMC11040358 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Inadequate β-cell mass and insulin secretion are essential for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). TNF-α-induced protein 8-like 1 (Tipe1) plays a crucial role in multiple diseases, however, a specific role in T2D pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. Herein, Tipe1 as a key regulator in T2D, contributing to the maintenance of β cell homeostasis is identified. The results show that the β-cell-specific knockout of Tipe1 (termed Ins2-Tipe1BKO) aggravated diabetic phenotypes in db/db mice or in mice with high-fat diet-induced diabetes. Notably, Tipe1 improves β cell mass and function, a process that depends on Gαs, the α subunit of the G-stimulating protein. Mechanistically, Tipe1 inhibited the K48-linked ubiquitination degradation of Gαs by recruiting the deubiquitinase USP5. Consequently, Gαs or cAMP agonists almost completely restored the dysfunction of β cells observed in Ins2-Tipe1BKO mice. The findings characterize Tipe1 as a regulator of β cell function through the Gαs/cAMP pathway, suggesting that Tipe1 may emerge as a novel target for T2D intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Fu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Caiyue Ren
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of EndocrinologyYucheng People's HospitalDezhouShandong251200P. R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Zhaoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Xuetian Yue
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Zhuanchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Yuemin Feng
- Department of GastroenterologyShengLi Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunityand Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
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Bartziokas K, Papaioannou AI, Drakopanagiotakis F, Gouveri E, Papanas N, Steiropoulos P. Unraveling the Link between Ιnsulin Resistance and Bronchial Asthma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:437. [PMID: 38398039 PMCID: PMC10887139 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence from large epidemiological studies has shown that obesity may predispose to increased Th2 inflammation and increase the odds of developing asthma. On the other hand, there is growing evidence suggesting that metabolic dysregulation that occurs with obesity, and more specifically hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, may modify immune cell function and in some degree systemic inflammation. Insulin resistance seldom occurs on its own, and in most cases constitutes a clinical component of metabolic syndrome, along with central obesity and dyslipidemia. Despite that, in some cases, hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin resistance has proven to be a stronger risk factor than body mass in developing asthma. This finding has been supported by recent experimental studies showing that insulin resistance may contribute to airway remodeling, promotion of airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility and proliferation, increase of airway hyper-responsiveness and release of pro-inflammatory mediators from adipose tissue. All these effects indicate the potential impact of hyperinsulinemia on airway structure and function, suggesting the presence of a specific asthma phenotype with insulin resistance. Epidemiologic studies have found that individuals with severe and uncontrolled asthma have a higher prevalence of glycemic dysfunction, whereas longitudinal studies have linked glycemic dysfunction to an increased risk of asthma exacerbations. Since the components of metabolic syndrome interact with one another so much, it is challenging to identify each one's specific role in asthma. This is why, over the last decade, additional studies have been conducted to determine whether treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus affects comorbid asthma as shown by the incidence of asthma, asthma control and asthma-related exacerbations. The purpose of this review is to present the mechanism of action, and existing preclinical and clinical data, regarding the effect of insulin resistance in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andriana I. Papaioannou
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, “Sotiria” Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Fotios Drakopanagiotakis
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Evanthia Gouveri
- Diabetes Centre, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
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Chen H, Liu X, Xie M, Zhong X, Yan C, Xian M, Wang S. Two polysaccharides from Rehmannia glutinosa: isolation, structural characterization, and hypoglycemic activities. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30190-30201. [PMID: 37842674 PMCID: PMC10573874 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05677e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa (RG) as a Chinese herbal medicine can be used both in medicine and food. As the main component of RG, the polysaccharides have a hypoglycemic effect, however, the hypoglycemic activity of RG homopolysaccharides remains unknown. We isolated and purified two polysaccharides, RGP70-1-1 and RGP70-1-2 (4.9 kDa and 2.8 kDa) from RG. The structural characteristics, including monosaccharide composition, linkage, and configuration were analyzed by FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS, NMR spectroscopy, Congo test, and SEM. RGP70-1-1 and RGP70-1-2 consist of four monosaccharides (glucose, mannose, arabinose, and galactose). RGP70-1-1 contains 14 connection modes, with the linkages including l-Araf-(1→, →3)-l-Araf-(1→, →5)-l-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-l-Araf-(1→, →2,5)-l-Araf-(1→, d-Manp-(1→, →2)-d-Manp-(1→, →4)-d-Manp-(1→, d-Galp-(1→, →4)-d-Galp-(1→, →4,6)-d-Galp-(1→, →6)-d-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-d-Glcp-(1→, →3,6)-d-Glcp-(1→. The linkages of RGP70-1-2 is including →5)-l-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-d-Manp-(1→, →3,6)-d-Manp-(1→, d-Galp-(1→, →6)-d-Galp-(1→, d-Glcp-(1→, →6)-d-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-d-Glcp-(1→. Furthermore, RGP70-1-1 and RGP70-1-2 can inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase. RGP70-1-1 stimulated GLP-1 secretion in STC-1 cells and was related to the up-regulation of PI3K and p-AKT protein expression. The findings revealed a natural product with potential hypoglycemic activity, which may be used as a GLP-1 secretagogue and a beneficial functional food ingredient for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huien Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Meixia Xie
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiaoting Zhong
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Minghua Xian
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
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Xie Y, Wang Y, Pei W, Chen Y. Theranostic in GLP-1R molecular imaging: challenges and emerging opportunities. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1210347. [PMID: 37780209 PMCID: PMC10540701 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1210347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Theranostic in nuclear medicine combines diagnostic imaging and internal irradiation therapy using different therapeutic nuclear probes for visual diagnosis and precise treatment. GLP-1R is a popular receptor target in endocrine diseases, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, tumors, and other areas. Likewise, it has also made breakthroughs in the development of molecular imaging. It was recognized that GLP-1R imaging originated from the study of insulinoma and afterwards was expanded in application including islet transplantation, pancreatic β-cell mass measurement, and ATP-dependent potassium channel-related endocrine diseases. Fortunately, GLP-1R molecular imaging has been involved in ischemic cardiomyocytes and neurodegenerative diseases. These signs illustrate the power of GLP-1R molecular imaging in the development of medicine. However, it is still limited to imaging diagnosis research in the current molecular imaging environment. The lack of molecular-targeted therapeutics related report hinders its radiology theranostic. In this article, the current research status, challenges, and emerging opportunities for GLP-1R molecular imaging are discussed in order to open a new path for theranostics and to promote the evolution of molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yudi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjie Pei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Pandey S, Mangmool S, Parichatikanond W. Multifaceted Roles of GLP-1 and Its Analogs: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms with a Cardiotherapeutic Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:836. [PMID: 37375783 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the chronic metabolic disorders which poses a multitude of life-debilitating challenges, including cardiac muscle impairment, which eventually results in heart failure. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has gained distinct recognition in reinstating glucose homeostasis in diabetes, while it is now largely accepted that it has an array of biological effects in the body. Several lines of evidence have revealed that GLP-1 and its analogs possess cardioprotective effects by various mechanisms related to cardiac contractility, myocardial glucose uptake, cardiac oxidative stress and ischemia/reperfusion injury, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Upon binding to GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), GLP-1 and its analogs exert their effects via adenylyl cyclase-mediated cAMP elevation and subsequent activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase(s) which stimulates the insulin release in conjunction with enhanced Ca2+ and ATP levels. Recent findings have suggested additional downstream molecular pathways stirred by long-term exposure of GLP-1 analogs, which pave the way for the development of potential therapeutic molecules with longer lasting beneficial effects against diabetic cardiomyopathies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the understanding of the GLP-1R-dependent and -independent actions of GLP-1 and its analogs in the protection against cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Yao Y, Li X, Yang X, Mou H, Wei L. Dihydromyricetin promotes GLP-1 release and glucose uptake by STC-1 cells and enhances the effects of metformin upon STC-1 cells and diabetic mouse model. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102108. [PMID: 37229936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinally produced hormone released by the L-cells to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release. Vine tea, a traditional Chinese medicine made from the delicate stem and leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata, has been reported to exert antidiabetic effects; however, the role and mechanism of dihydromyricetin, the main active ingredient of vine tea, remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS MTT assay was applied to detect cell viability. GLP-1 levels in the culture medium using a mouse GLP-1 ELISA kit. The level of GLP-1 in cells was examined using IF staining. NBDG assay was performed to evaluate the glucose uptake by STC-1 cells. The in vivo roles of dihydromyricetin in the diabetes mellitus mouse model were investigated. In this study, 25 μM dihydromyricetin, was found to cause no significant suppression of STC-1 cell viability. Dihydromyricetin markedly elevated GLP-1 secretion and glucose uptake by STC-1 cells. Although metformin increased GLP-1 release and glucose uptake by STC-1 cells more, dihydromyricetin further enhanced the effects of metformin. Moreover, dihydromyricetin or metformin alone significantly promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK, increased GLUT4 levels, inhibited ERK1/2 and IRS-1 phosphorylation, and decreased NF-κB levels, and dihydromyricetin also enhanced the effects of metformin on these factors. The in vivo results further confirmed the antidiabetic function of dihydromyricetin. CONCLUSION Dihydromyricetin promotes GLP-1 release and glucose uptake by STC-1 cells and enhances the effects of metformin upon STC-1 cells and diabetic mice, which might ameliorate diabetes through improving L cell functions. The Erk1/2 and AMPK signaling pathways might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Yao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University. Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University. Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Hai Mou
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Wei
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University. Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua, China; College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.
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10
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Hu H, Luo J, Liu Y, Li H, Jin R, Li S, Wei J, Wei H, Chen T. Improvement effect of a next-generation probiotic L. plantarum-pMG36e-GLP-1 on type 2 diabetes mellitus via the gut-pancreas-liver axis. Food Funct 2023; 14:3179-3195. [PMID: 36912589 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00044c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation probiotics (NGPs) are currently being investigated as therapeutic agents that impact the gut microbiota and disease development. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) shows an excellent therapeutic effect on diabetes, but has an extremely short half-life in vivo. Here, we constructed a novel and diabetes-specific NGP, the genetically engineered strain Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum)-pMG36e-GLP-1, and evaluated its ameliorative effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in artificially induced mice and transgenic mice. In vitro, L. plantarum-pMG36e-GLP-1 showed good genetic stability and probiotic characteristics. In the high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced T2DM mice, L. plantarum-pMG36e-GLP-1 relieved the diabetic symptoms, regulated the intestinal microbiota, and reduced the inflammatory reaction in the pancreatic tissue. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of pancreatic islet cells was inhibited, while islet tissue morphology repairs, islet β-cell proliferation, and insulin secretion were all promoted by L. plantarum-pMG36e-GLP-1. Furthermore, a similar effect of the engineered strain on diabetic symptoms and the pancreas was observed in db/db mice, and the metabolism of lipids in the liver was regulated. Together, the findings of this study confirmed the anti-hyperglycemic effect of the engineered strain L. plantarum-pMG36e-GLP-1, providing a promising approach for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Life Science Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Rui Jin
- School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China.
| | - Tingtao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China.
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11
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Signaling pathways in obesity: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:298. [PMID: 36031641 PMCID: PMC9420733 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and is linked to lower life expectancy. Although lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) has remarkable effects on weight management, achieving long-term success at weight loss is extremely challenging, and the prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide. Over the past decades, the pathophysiology of obesity has been extensively investigated, and an increasing number of signal transduction pathways have been implicated in obesity, making it possible to fight obesity in a more effective and precise way. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the pathogenesis of obesity from both experimental and clinical studies, focusing on signaling pathways and their roles in the regulation of food intake, glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and chronic inflammation. We also discuss the current anti-obesity drugs, as well as weight loss compounds in clinical trials, that target these signals. The evolving knowledge of signaling transduction may shed light on the future direction of obesity research, as we move into a new era of precision medicine.
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12
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Application of Af4-Multidetection to Liraglutide in Its Formulation: Preserving and Representing Native Aggregation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175485. [PMID: 36080254 PMCID: PMC9457993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation is among the most critical parameters affecting the pharmacological and safety profile of peptide Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). For this reason, it is of utmost importance to define the exact aggregation state of peptide drugs, particularly when the API is marketed as a ready-to-use solution. Consequently, appropriate non-destructive techniques able to replicate the peptide environment must be employed. In our work, we exploited Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4), connected to UV, dRI, fluorescence, and MALS detectors, to fully characterize the aggregation state of Liraglutide, a peptide API used for the treatment of diabetes type 2 and chronic obesity. In previous studies, Liraglutide was hypothesized to assemble into hexa-octamers in phosphate buffer, but no information on its behavior in the formulation medium was provided up to now. The method used allowed researchers to work using formulation as the mobile phase with excellent recoveries and LoQ/LoD, discerning between stable and degraded samples, and detecting, when present, aggregates up to 108 Da. The native state of Liraglutide was assessed and found to be an association into pentamers, with a non-spherical conformation. Combined to benchmark analyses, the sameness study was complete and descriptive, also giving insight on the aggregation process and covalent/non-covalent aggregate types.
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13
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Zhao F, Zhou Q, Cong Z, Hang K, Zou X, Zhang C, Chen Y, Dai A, Liang A, Ming Q, Wang M, Chen LN, Xu P, Chang R, Feng W, Xia T, Zhang Y, Wu B, Yang D, Zhao L, Xu HE, Wang MW. Structural insights into multiplexed pharmacological actions of tirzepatide and peptide 20 at the GIP, GLP-1 or glucagon receptors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1057. [PMID: 35217653 PMCID: PMC8881610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis, regulated by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon (GCG) is critical to human health. Several multi-targeting agonists at GIPR, GLP-1R or GCGR, developed to maximize metabolic benefits with reduced side-effects, are in clinical trials to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which tirzepatide, a GIPR/GLP-1R dual agonist, and peptide 20, a GIPR/GLP-1R/GCGR triagonist, manifest their multiplexed pharmacological actions over monoagonists such as semaglutide, we determine cryo-electron microscopy structures of tirzepatide-bound GIPR and GLP-1R as well as peptide 20-bound GIPR, GLP-1R and GCGR. The structures reveal both common and unique features for the dual and triple agonism by illustrating key interactions of clinical relevance at the near-atomic level. Retention of glucagon function is required to achieve such an advantage over GLP-1 monotherapy. Our findings provide valuable insights into the structural basis of functional versatility of tirzepatide and peptide 20. Multi-targeting agonists at GIPR, GLP-1R or GCGR are pursued vigorously. Here, the authors report cryo-EM structures of tirzepatide-bound GIPR and GLP-1R, peptide 20-bound GIPR, GLP-1R and GCGR, revealing the molecular basis of their multiplexed pharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaotong Cong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaini Hang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Zou
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Antao Dai
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anyi Liang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Ming
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Nan Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rulve Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xia
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beili Wu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, China.
| | - Lihua Zhao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, China.
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14
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Li M, Trapika IGSC, Tang SYS, Cho JL, Qi Y, Li CG, Li Y, Yao M, Yang D, Liu B, Li R, Yang P, Ma G, Ren P, Huang X, Xie D, Chen S, Li M, Yang L, Leng P, Huang Y, Li GQ. Mechanisms and Active Compounds Polysaccharides and Bibenzyls of Medicinal Dendrobiums for Diabetes Management. Front Nutr 2022; 8:811870. [PMID: 35155528 PMCID: PMC8832146 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.811870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal dendrobiums are used popularly in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes, while their active compounds and mechanism remain unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the mechanism and active compounds of medicinal dendrobiums in diabetes management through a systematic approach. METHODS A systematic approach was conducted to search for the mechanism and active phytochemicals in Dendrobium responsible for anti-diabetic actions using databases PubMed, Embase, and SciFinder. RESULTS Current literature indicates polysaccharides, bibenzyls, phenanthrene, and alkaloids are commonly isolated in Dendrobium genusin which polysaccharides and bibenzyls are most aboundant. Many animal studies have shown that polysaccharides from the species of Dendrobium provide with antidiabetic effects by lowering glucose level and reversing chronic inflammation of T2DM taken orally at 200 mg/kg. Dendrobium polysaccharides protect pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in liver. Dendrobium polysaccharides up-regulate the abundance of short-chain fatty acid to stimulate GLP-1 secretion through gut microbiota. Bibenzyls also have great potency to inhibit the progression of the chronic inflammation in cellular studies. CONCLUSION Polysaccharides and bibenzyls are the major active compounds in medicinal dendrobiums for diabetic management through the mechanisms of lowering glucose level and reversing chronic inflammation of T2DM by modulating pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in liver as a result from gut microbita regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - I. Gusti Surya Chandra Trapika
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Udayana University, Jimbaran, Indonesia
| | - Suet Yee Sara Tang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jun-Lae Cho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Yujuan Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Meicun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyi Ma
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Ping Ren
- Institute of TCM-related Comorbidity, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Institute of TCM-related Comorbidity, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Deshan Xie
- Chengdu Tepu Biotech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | | | - Min Li
- College of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Chengdu Tepu Biotech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - George Q. Li
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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15
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Liu T, Ji RL, Tao YX. Naturally occurring mutations in G protein-coupled receptors associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 234:108044. [PMID: 34822948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors involved in the regulation of almost all known physiological processes. Dysfunctions of GPCR-mediated signaling have been shown to cause various diseases. The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), two strongly associated disorders, is increasing worldwide, with tremendous economical and health burden. New safer and more efficacious drugs are required for successful weight reduction and T2DM treatment. Multiple GPCRs are involved in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis. Mutations in these GPCRs contribute to the development and progression of obesity and T2DM. Therefore, these receptors can be therapeutic targets for obesity and T2DM. Indeed some of these receptors, such as melanocortin-4 receptor and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, have provided important new drugs for treating obesity and T2DM. This review will focus on the naturally occurring mutations of several GPCRs associated with obesity and T2DM, especially incorporating recent large genomic data and insights from structure-function studies, providing leads for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Ren-Lei Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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16
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Wang J, Yang D, Cheng X, Yang L, Wang Z, Dai A, Cai X, Zhang C, Yuliantie E, Liu Q, Jiang H, Liu H, Wang MW, Yang H. Allosteric Modulators Enhancing GLP-1 Binding to GLP-1R via a Transmembrane Site. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2444-2452. [PMID: 34570476 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a well-established drug target for the treatment of type II diabetes. The development of small-molecule positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GLP-1R is a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of PAMs with distinct chemotypes, binding to a cryptic pocket formed by the cytoplasmic half of TM3, TM5, and TM6. Molecular dynamic simulations and mutagenesis studies indicate that the PAM enlarges the orthosteric pocket to facilitate GLP-1 binding. Further signaling assays characterized their probe-dependent signaling profiles. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into fine-tuning GLP-1R via this allosteric pocket and open up new avenues to design small-molecule drugs for class B G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Antao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Elita Yuliantie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiaofeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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17
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Klausen MK, Thomsen M, Wortwein G, Fink-Jensen A. The role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in addictive disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:625-641. [PMID: 34532853 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-, alcohol- and tobacco use disorders are a global burden affecting millions of people. Despite decades of research, treatment options are sparse or missing, and relapse rates are high. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released in the small intestines, promotes blood glucose homeostasis, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite. GLP-1 receptor agonists approved for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, have received attention as a potential anti-addiction treatment. Studies in rodents and non-human primates have demonstrated a reduction in intake of alcohol and drugs of abuse, and clinical trials have been initiated to investigate whether the preclinical findings can be translated to patients. This review will give an overview of current findings and discuss the possible mechanisms of action. We suggest that effects of GLP-1 in alcohol- and substance use disorder is mediated centrally, at least partly through dopamine signalling, but precise mechanisms are still to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Kruse Klausen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morgane Thomsen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitta Wortwein
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Fink-Jensen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Disorders of glucose metabolism, including insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes, have been identified as risk factors for worsened asthma. This review summarizes emerging evidence for their role as modifiable risk factors in asthma, including the potential benefit of diabetes medications on asthma outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental studies show that hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin resistance is associated with airway smooth muscle proliferation and promotes contractility. Epidemiologic studies have identified a higher prevalence of glycemic dysfunction among those with severe and uncontrolled asthma, and longitudinal studies have associated prediabetes and diabetes with higher risk of asthma exacerbations. The potential benefits of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, and metformin being investigated in asthma, but thus far interventional studies of TZDs have reported null results. On the contrary, observational studies have inconsistently controlled for relevant confounders which leaves conclusions vulnerable to misattribution of relationships due to corelated metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia. SUMMARY Developing evidence suggests that disorders of glucose metabolism may be associated with worsening asthma. However, these conditions arise within a network of obesity-related metabolic diseases that may themselves worsen asthma. Few interventional trials have not identified a benefit, but data have been limited. Additional research is needed to define the potential independent impact of disorders of glucose metabolism in asthma.
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Williams DL. The diverse effects of brain glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors on ingestive behaviour. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:571-583. [PMID: 33990944 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is well known as a gut hormone and also acts as a neuropeptide, produced in a discrete population of caudal brainstem neurons that project widely throughout the brain. GLP-1 receptors are expressed in many brain areas of relevance to energy balance, and stimulation of these receptors at many of these sites potently suppresses food intake. This review surveys the current evidence for effects mediated by GLP-1 receptors on feeding behaviour at a wide array of brain sites and discusses behavioural and neurophysiological mechanisms for the effects identified thus far. Taken together, it is clear that GLP-1 receptor activity in the brain can influence feeding by diverse means, including mediation of gastrointestinal satiation and/or satiety signalling, suppression of motivation for food reward, induction of nausea and mediation of restraint stress-induced hypophagia, but many questions about the organization of this system remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Williams
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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20
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Effect of C-terminus Conjugation via Different Conjugation Chemistries on In Vivo Activity of Albumin-Conjugated Recombinant GLP-1. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020263. [PMID: 33672039 PMCID: PMC7919490 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone with tremendous therapeutic potential for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the short half-life of its native form is a significant drawback. We previously prolonged the plasma half-life of GLP-1 via site-specific conjugation of human serum albumin (HSA) at position 16 of recombinant GLP-1 using site-specific incorporation of p-azido-phenylalanine (AzF) and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). However, the resulting conjugate GLP1_8G16AzF-HSA showed only moderate in vivo glucose-lowering activity, probably due to perturbed interactions with GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) caused by the albumin-linker. To identify albumin-conjugated GLP-1 variants with enhanced in vivo glucose-lowering activity, we investigated the conjugation of HSA to a C-terminal region of GLP-1 to reduce steric hindrance by the albumin-linker using two different conjugation chemistries. GLP-1 variants GLP1_8G37AzF-HSA and GLP1_8G37C-HSA were prepared using SPAAC and Michael addition, respectively. GLP1_8G37C-HSA exhibited a higher glucose-lowering activity in vivo than GLP1_8G16AzF-HSA, while GLP1_8G37AzF-HSA did not. Another GLP-1 variant, GLP1_8A37C-HSA, had a glycine to alanine mutation at position 8 and albumin at its C-terminus and exhibited in vivo glucose-lowering activity comparable to that of GLP1_8G37C-HSA, despite a moderately shorter plasma half-life. These results showed that site-specific HSA conjugation to the C-terminus of GLP-1 via Michael addition could be used to generate GLP-1 variants with enhanced glucose-lowering activity and prolonged plasma half-life in vivo.
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21
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Oliveira de Souza C, Sun X, Oh D. Metabolic Functions of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and β-Arrestin-Mediated Signaling Pathways in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:715877. [PMID: 34497585 PMCID: PMC8419444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.715877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), often termed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are the most common target of therapeutic drugs used today. Many studies suggest that distinct members of the GPCR superfamily represent potential targets for the treatment of various metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). GPCRs typically activate different classes of heterotrimeric G proteins, which can be subgrouped into four major functional types: Gαs, Gαi, Gαq/11, and G12/13, in response to agonist binding. Accumulating evidence suggests that GPCRs can also initiate β-arrestin-dependent, G protein-independent signaling. Thus, the physiological outcome of activating a certain GPCR in a particular tissue may also be modulated by β-arrestin-dependent, but G protein-independent signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the role of G protein- and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways in the development of obesity and T2D-related metabolic disorders.
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22
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Kang M, Feng F, Ge Q, Zhu F, Chen L, Lv P, Ma S, Yao Q, Chen K. Display of quintuple glucagon-like peptide 1 (28-36) nonapeptide on Bacillus subtilis spore for oral administration in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:314-324. [PMID: 32473615 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To develop an oral delivery system of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (28-36) for treating type-2 diabetes, B.S-GLP-1(28-36), a recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores transformed with a plasmid vector encoding five consecutive GLP-1 (28-36) nonapeptides with an enterokinase site was constructed. METHODS AND RESULTS GLP-1(28-36) nonapeptide was successfully expressed on the surface of B. subtilis spores and validated by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The therapeutic effect of oral administration of B.S-GLP-1(28-36) spores was evaluated in type 2 diabetic model mice. The efficacy of recombinant spores was examined for a period of 13 weeks after oral administration in diabetic mice. At the end of the sixth week, diabetic mice with oral administration of BS-GLP-1(28-36) spores showed decreased blood glucose levels from 2·4 × 10- 2 mol l-1 to 1·7 × 10- 2 mol l-1 . By the ninth week, the mean fasting blood glucose level in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group 30 min after injection of pyruvate. At the end of the 10th week of oral administration, the blood glucose of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group after intraperitoneal injection of glucose. By the 12th week, fasting blood glucose level and fasting insulin level were measured in all mice, the results showed that the recombinant spores increased the insulin sensitivity of mice. CONCLUSIONS The results of pathological observation showed that the recombinant spores also had a certain protective effect on the liver and islets of mice, and the content of GLP-1(28-36) in the pancreas of the experimental group was increased. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results of this study revealed that GLP-1(28-36) nonapeptides can reduce blood glucose and play an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - F Feng
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui, PR China
| | - Q Ge
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China.,School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - F Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - L Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - P Lv
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - S Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Q Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - K Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
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23
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Kuang MT, Li JY, Yang XB, Yang L, Xu JY, Yan S, Lv YF, Ren FC, Hu JM, Zhou J. Structural characterization and hypoglycemic effect via stimulating glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion of two polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Jensen ME, Galli A, Thomsen M, Jensen KL, Thomsen GK, Klausen MK, Vilsbøll T, Christensen MB, Holst JJ, Owens A, Robertson S, Daws L, Zanella D, Gether U, Knudsen GM, Fink-Jensen A. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor regulation of basal dopamine transporter activity is species-dependent. Neurochem Int 2020; 138:104772. [PMID: 32464226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A solid body of preclinical evidence shows that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists attenuate the effects of substance use disorder related behaviors. The mechanisms underlying these effects remain elusive. In the present study, we hypothesized that GLP-1R activation modulates dopaminetransporter (DAT) and thus dopamine (DA) homeostasis in striatum. This was evaluated in three different experiments: two preclinical and one clinical. METHODS Rat striatal DA uptake, DA clearance and DAT cell surface expression was assessed following GLP-1 (7-36)-amide exposure in vitro. DA uptake in mice was assesed ex vivo following systemic treatment with the GLP-1R agonist exenatide. In addition, DA uptake was measured in GLP-1R knockout mice and compared with DA-uptake in wild type mice. In healthy humans, changes in DAT availability was assessed during infusion of exenatide measured by single-photon emission computed tomography imaging. RESULTS In rats, GLP-1 (7-36)-amide increased DA uptake, DA clearance and DAT cell surface expression in striatum. In mice, exenatide did not change striatal DA uptake. In GLP-1R knockout mice, DA uptake was similar to what was measured in wildtype mice. In humans, systemic infusion of exenatide did not result in acute changes in striatal DAT availability. CONCLUSIONS The GLP-1R agonist-induced modulation of striatal DAT activity in vitro in rats could not be replicated ex vivo in mice and in vivo in humans. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms of action for the GLP-1R agonists-induced efficacy in varios addiction-like behavioural models still remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias E Jensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Morgane Thomsen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine L Jensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerda K Thomsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette K Klausen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Christensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anthony Owens
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA
| | - Sabrina Robertson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Lynette Daws
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA
| | - Daniele Zanella
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Fink-Jensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Willard FS, Ho JD, Sloop KW. Discovery and pharmacology of the covalent GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) allosteric modulator BETP: A novel tool to probe GLP-1R pharmacology. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 88:173-191. [PMID: 32416867 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a significant therapeutic target for small molecule drug discovery given the therapeutic impact of peptide agonists in the diabetes sphere. We review the discovery and subsequent characterization of the small molecule GLP-1R allosteric modulator 4-(3-(Benzyloxy)phenyl)-2-(ethylsulfinyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (BETP). BETP is a covalent modulator of the GLP-1R, and we discuss the pharmacological implications and possible structural basis of this novel mode of action. We highlight the insights into class B G-protein coupled receptor pharmacology and biology provided by studies conducted with BETP. These include the descriptions of exquisite allosteric modulator probe dependence and biased signaling in vitro and in vivo. We conclude with an analysis of the utility of BETP as a chemical probe for the GLP-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis S Willard
- Quantitative Biology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Joseph D Ho
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kyle W Sloop
- Diabetes and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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26
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu K, Peng Y, Yao D, Tao H, Liu H, Song G. Mutagenesis facilitated crystallization of GLP-1R. IUCRJ 2019; 6:996-1006. [PMID: 31709055 PMCID: PMC6830218 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519013496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The class B family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has long been a paradigm for peptide hormone recognition and signal transduction. One class B GPCR, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), has been considered as an anti-diabetes drug target and there are several peptidic drugs available for the treatment of this overwhelming disease. The previously determined structures of inactive GLP-1R in complex with two negative allosteric modulators include ten thermal-stabilizing mutations that were selected from a total of 98 designed mutations. Here we systematically summarize all 98 mutations we have tested and the results suggest that the mutagenesis strategy that strengthens inter-helical hydro-phobic interactions shows the highest success rate. We further investigate four back mutations by thermal-shift assay, crystallization and molecular dynamic simulations, and conclude that mutation I1962.66bF increases thermal stability intrinsically and that mutation S2714.47bA decreases crystal packing entropy extrinsically, while mutations S1932.63bC and M2333.36bC may be dispensable since these two cysteines are not di-sulfide-linked. Our results indicate intrinsic connections between different regions of GPCR transmembrane helices and the current data suggest a general mutagenesis principle for structural determination of GPCRs and other membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Complex Systems Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiwen Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Peng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Yao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiguang Liu
- Complex Systems Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaojie Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Smith NK, Hackett TA, Galli A, Flynn CR. GLP-1: Molecular mechanisms and outcomes of a complex signaling system. Neurochem Int 2019; 128:94-105. [PMID: 31002893 PMCID: PMC7081944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Meal ingestion provokes the release of hormones and transmitters, which in turn regulate energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. One such hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), has received significant attention in the treatment of obesity and diabetes due to its potent incretin effect. In addition to the peripheral actions of GLP-1, this hormone is able to alter behavior through the modulation of multiple neural circuits. Recent work that focused on elucidating the mechanisms and outcomes of GLP-1 neuromodulation led to the discovery of an impressive array of GLP-1 actions. Here, we summarize the many levels at which the GLP-1 signal adapts to different systems, with the goal being to provide a background against which to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K Smith
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Troy A Hackett
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Charles R Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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28
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Zheng RH, Bai XJ, Zhang WW, Wang J, Bai F, Yan CP, James EA, Bose HS, Wang NP, Zhao ZQ. Liraglutide attenuates cardiac remodeling and improves heart function after abdominal aortic constriction through blocking angiotensin II type 1 receptor in rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2745-2757. [PMID: 31496651 PMCID: PMC6690048 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s213910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Angiotensin II (Ang II) is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure by eliciting cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been shown to exert cardioprotective effects in animals and patients. This study investigates whether GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide inhibits abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction through blocking Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham operation and abdominal aortic banding procedure for 16 weeks. In treated rats, liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected twice daily or telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day), the AT1R blocker, was administered by gastric gavage. Results Relative to the animals with AAC, liraglutide reduced protein level of the AT1R and upregulated the AT2R, as evidenced by reduced ratio of AT1R/AT2R (0.59±0.04 vs. 0.91±0.06, p<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 was upregulated, tissue levels of malondialdehyde and B-type natriuretic peptide were reduced, and superoxide dismutase activity was increased. Along with a reduction in HW/BW ratio, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was inhibited. In coincidence with these changes, liraglutide significantly decreased the populations of macrophages and myofibroblasts in the myocardium, which were accompanied by reduced protein levels of transforming growth factor beta1, Smad2/3/4, and upregulated smad7. The synthesis of collagen I and III was inhibited and collagen-rich fibrosis was attenuated. Consistent with these findings, cardiac systolic function was preserved, as shown by increased left ventricular systolic pressure (110±5 vs. 99±2 mmHg, p<0.05), ejection fraction (83%±2% vs. 69%±4%, p<0.05) and fraction shortening (49%±2% vs. 35%±3%, p<0.05). Treatment with telmisartan provided a comparable level of protection as compared with liraglutide in all the parameters measured. Conclusion Taken together, liraglutide ameliorates cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction, potentially via suppressing the AT1R-mediated events. These data indicate that liraglutide might be selected as an add-on drug to prevent the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hua Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, Linfen Vocational and Technical College, Linfen, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Bai
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Ping Yan
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Erskine A James
- Department of Internal Medicine, Navicent Health, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Himangshu S Bose
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Ning-Ping Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Basic Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Basic Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
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29
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Osuna PM, Brown SJ, Tabatabai LS, Hamilton DJ. Stage-Based Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Heart Failure. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2019; 14:257-265. [PMID: 30788011 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-14-4-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes negatively impacts heart failure outcomes. Insulin resistance, central adiposity, dyslipidemia, and altered cellular substrate metabolism each have a mechanistic role. Management strategies focused solely on glycemic control have had limited success. However, three new classes of drugs, each with several options, offer the promise of improved diabetes management in heart failure. Unlike earlier classes, these medications have had favorable cardiovascular outcomes. In this review, we present a therapeutic guide for metabolic treatment based on the stages of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mejia Osuna
- HOUSTON METHODIST HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TEXAS.,HOUSTON METHODIST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, HOUSTON METHODIST HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TEXAS
| | | | - Laila S Tabatabai
- HOUSTON METHODIST HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TEXAS.,HOUSTON METHODIST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, HOUSTON METHODIST HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TEXAS
| | - Dale J Hamilton
- HOUSTON METHODIST HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TEXAS.,HOUSTON METHODIST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, HOUSTON METHODIST HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TEXAS
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30
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Couvineau A, Voisin T, Nicole P, Gratio V, Abad C, Tan YV. Orexins as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:709. [PMID: 31695678 PMCID: PMC6817618 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Orexins [orexin-A (OXA) and orexin-B (OXB)] are two isoforms of neuropeptides produced by the hypothalamus. The main biological actions of orexins, focused on the central nervous system, are to control the sleep/wake process, appetite and feeding, energy homeostasis, drug addiction, and cognitive processes. These effects are mediated by two G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes named OX1R and OX2R. In accordance with the synergic and dynamic relationship between the nervous and immune systems, orexins also have neuroprotective and immuno-regulatory (i.e., anti-inflammatory) properties. The present review gathers recent data demonstrating that orexins may have a therapeutic potential in several pathologies with an immune component including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, narcolepsy, obesity, intestinal bowel diseases, septic shock, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Couvineau
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team “From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases” Labeled by “la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Alain Couvineau
| | - Thierry Voisin
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team “From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases” Labeled by “la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Nicole
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team “From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases” Labeled by “la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Gratio
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team “From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases” Labeled by “la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catalina Abad
- University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1234 PANTHER, IRIB, Rouen, France
| | - Yossan-Var Tan
- University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1234 PANTHER, IRIB, Rouen, France
- Yossan-Var Tan
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31
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Sposito AC, Berwanger O, de Carvalho LSF, Saraiva JFK. GLP-1RAs in type 2 diabetes: mechanisms that underlie cardiovascular effects and overview of cardiovascular outcome data. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:157. [PMID: 30545359 PMCID: PMC6292070 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a substantial risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The strong connection between the severity of hyperglycaemia, metabolic changes secondary to T2DM and vascular damage increases the risk of macrovascular complications. There is a challenging demand for the development of drugs that control hyperglycaemia and influence other metabolic risk factors to improve cardiovascular outcomes such as cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina and heart failure (major adverse cardiovascular events). In recent years, introduction of the new drug class of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) has changed the treatment landscape as GLP-1RAs have become well-established therapies in T2DM. The benefits of GLP-1RAs are derived from their pleiotropic effects, which include appetite control, glucose-dependent secretion of insulin and inhibition of glucagon secretion. Importantly, their beneficial effects extend to the cardiovascular system. Large clinical trials have evaluated the cardiovascular effects of GLP-1RAs in patients with T2DM and elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and the results are very promising. However, important aspects still require elucidation, such as the specific mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective effects of these drugs. Careful interpretation is necessary because of the heterogeneity across the trials concerning the definition of cardiovascular risk or cardiovascular disease, baseline characteristics, routine care and event rates. The aim of this review is to describe the main clinical aspects of the GLP-1RAs, compare them using data from both the mechanistic and randomized controlled trials and discuss potential reasons for improved cardiovascular outcomes observed in these trials. This review may help clinicians to decide which treatment is most appropriate in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei C Sposito
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13084-971, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Otávio Berwanger
- Academic Research Organization (ARO), Albert Einstein Hospital, Av. Albert Einstein 627, Sao Paulo, SP, 05651-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Sérgio F de Carvalho
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13084-971, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Francisco Kerr Saraiva
- Cardiology Division, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas Medicine School, Rua Engenheiro Carlos Stevenson 560, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13092-132, Brazil
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Rowlands J, Heng J, Newsholme P, Carlessi R. Pleiotropic Effects of GLP-1 and Analogs on Cell Signaling, Metabolism, and Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:672. [PMID: 30532733 PMCID: PMC6266510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incretin hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is best known for its "incretin effect" in restoring glucose homeostasis in diabetics, however, it is now apparent that it has a broader range of physiological effects in the body. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that GLP-1 mimetics alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulate autophagy, promote metabolic reprogramming, stimulate anti-inflammatory signaling, alter gene expression, and influence neuroprotective pathways. A substantial body of evidence has accumulated with respect to how GLP-1 and its analogs act to restore and maintain normal cellular functions. These findings have prompted several clinical trials which have reported GLP-1 analogs improve cardiac function, restore lung function and reduce mortality in patients with obstructive lung disease, influence blood pressure and lipid storage, and even prevent synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, GLP-1 elicits its effects via acute elevation in cAMP levels, and subsequent protein kinase(s) activation, pathways well-defined in pancreatic β-cells which stimulate insulin secretion in conjunction with elevated Ca2+ and ATP. More recently, new studies have shed light on additional downstream pathways stimulated by chronic GLP-1 exposure, findings which have direct relevance to our understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of longer lasting analogs recently developed for clinical use. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the diverse roles for GLP-1 across multiple tissues, describe downstream pathways stimulated by acute and chronic exposure, and discuss novel pleiotropic applications of GLP-1 mimetics in the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Carlessi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
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Furness S, Christopoulos A, Sexton P, Wootten D. Differential engagement of polar networks in the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor by endogenous variants of the glucagon-like peptide 1. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:223-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jia X, Alam M, Ye Y, Bajaj M, Birnbaum Y. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Cardiovascular Disease: a Meta-Analysis of Recent Cardiac Outcome Trials. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2018; 32:65-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-018-6773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tough IR, Moodaley R, Cox HM. Mucosal glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses are mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the mouse colon and both peptide responses are area-specific. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30. [PMID: 28695626 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is an incretin hormone and its mimetics are proven antidiabetic and antiobesity drugs. GLP-1 exerts antimotility and mucosal proliferative activities but its epithelial ion transport effects are uncharacterized and these may contribute to the gastrointestinal (GI) disturbance, i.e., diarrhea experienced with some GLP-1 mimetics. Our aim was to establish GLP-1 agonist mechanisms and identify potential mucosal mediator(s) in the colonic tissue from C57BL/6J mice. METHODS A tissue survey of GLP-1 responses (using exendin 4, Ex4) and α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) was undertaken, dividing the mouse colon into eight adjacent mucosal-submucosal preparations. Each preparation was voltage-clamped and changes in short-circuit current (Isc) measured. The involvement of submucosal neurons in GLP-1 agonism was tested using Ex(9-39) and tetrodotoxin (TTX), and CGRP receptors were blocked with BIBN4094. KEY RESULTS Ex4 responses along the length of the colon were inhibited by the GLP-1 antagonist, Ex(9-39) or TTX, indicating neural mediation in all colonic regions. In the ascending colon, Ex4 increased Isc levels that were abolished by 10 nM BIBN4096, while in the descending colon it reduced Isc levels that were again BIBN4096-sensitive, but at 1 μM. The latter αCGRP response was dependent on epithelial Cl- conductance and Na+ /K+ -ATPase, and was partially (~25%) peptide YY-mediated, but was not nitrergic, somatostatin sst2 , or α2 -adrenoceptor-mediated. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES GLP-1 modulates epithelial ion transport indirectly by activating CGRP-containing submucosal enteric neurons in the mouse colon. This GLP-1-CGRP response was area-specific and could potentially contribute to the diarrheal side effect of certain GLP-1R therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Tough
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, IoPPN, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - R Moodaley
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, IoPPN, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - H M Cox
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, IoPPN, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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Dubois-Laforgue D. [Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus in kidney recipients]. Nephrol Ther 2017; 13 Suppl 1:S137-S146. [PMID: 28577736 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus is defined as diabetes that is diagnosed in grafted patients. It affects 20 to 30 % of kidney transplant recipients, with a high incidence in the first year. The increasing age at transplantation and the rising incidence of obesity may increase its prevalence in the next years. Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus is associated with poor outcomes, such as mortality, cardiovascular events or graft dysfunction. Its occurrence is mainly related to immunosuppressive agents, affecting both insulin secretion and sensibility. Immunosuppressants may be iatrogenic, and as such, induce an early and transient diabetes. They may also precociously determine a permanent diabetes, acting here as a promoting factor in patients proned to the development of type 2 diabetes. Lastly, they may behave, far from transplantation, as an additional risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The screening, management and prognosis of these different subtypes of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus will be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Dubois-Laforgue
- Service de diabétologie, hôpital Cochin-Port Royal, 123, boulevard Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm U1016, institut Cochin, 22, rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France.
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Yin Y, de Waal PW, He Y, Zhao LH, Yang D, Cai X, Jiang Y, Melcher K, Wang MW, Xu HE. Rearrangement of a polar core provides a conserved mechanism for constitutive activation of class B G protein-coupled receptors. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9865-9881. [PMID: 28356352 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.782987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon receptor (GCGR) belongs to the secretin-like (class B) family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and is activated by the peptide hormone glucagon. The structures of an activated class B GPCR have remained unsolved, preventing a mechanistic understanding of how these receptors are activated. Using a combination of structural modeling and mutagenesis studies, we present here two modes of ligand-independent activation of GCGR. First, we identified a GCGR-specific hydrophobic lock comprising Met-338 and Phe-345 within the IC3 loop and transmembrane helix 6 (TM6) and found that this lock stabilizes the TM6 helix in the inactive conformation. Disruption of this hydrophobic lock led to constitutive G protein and arrestin signaling. Second, we discovered a polar core comprising conserved residues in TM2, TM3, TM6, and TM7, and mutations that disrupt this polar core led to constitutive GCGR activity. On the basis of these results, we propose a mechanistic model of GCGR activation in which TM6 is held in an inactive conformation by the conserved polar core and the hydrophobic lock. Mutations that disrupt these inhibitory elements allow TM6 to swing outward to adopt an active TM6 conformation similar to that of the canonical β2-adrenergic receptor complexed with G protein and to that of rhodopsin complexed with arrestin. Importantly, mutations in the corresponding polar core of several other members of class B GPCRs, including PTH1R, PAC1R, VIP1R, and CRFR1, also induce constitutive G protein signaling, suggesting that the rearrangement of the polar core is a conserved mechanism for class B GPCR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Yin
- From the Van Andel Research Institute - Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (VARI-SIMM) Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China.,the Laboratory of Structural Sciences and Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Parker W de Waal
- the Laboratory of Structural Sciences and Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Yuanzheng He
- the Laboratory of Structural Sciences and Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- From the Van Andel Research Institute - Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (VARI-SIMM) Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- The National Center for Drug Screening and the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China, and
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- The National Center for Drug Screening and the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China, and
| | - Yi Jiang
- From the Van Andel Research Institute - Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (VARI-SIMM) Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Karsten Melcher
- the Laboratory of Structural Sciences and Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening and the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China, and .,the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- From the Van Andel Research Institute - Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (VARI-SIMM) Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China, .,the Laboratory of Structural Sciences and Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Birnbaum Y, Ye Y, Bajaj M. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: A metabolic overview of recent clinical trials. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:291-294. [PMID: 27780670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Birnbaum
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; The Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yumei Ye
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mandeep Bajaj
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Li J, Zheng J, Wang S, Lau HK, Fathi A, Wang Q. Cardiovascular Benefits of Native GLP-1 and its Metabolites: An Indicator for GLP-1-Therapy Strategies. Front Physiol 2017; 8:15. [PMID: 28194113 PMCID: PMC5276855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a common co-morbidity and leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone produced by intestinal L cells in response to feeding. Native GLP-1 (7-36) amide is rapidly degraded by diaminopeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) to GLP-1 (9-36) amide, making 9-36a the major circulating form. While it is 7-36a, and not its metabolites, which exerts trophic effects on islet β-cells, recent studies suggest that both 7-36a and its metabolites have direct cardiovascular effects, including preserving cardiomyocyte viability, ameliorating cardiac function, and vasodilation. In particular, the difference in cardiovascular effects between 7-36a and 9-36a is attracting attention. Growing evidence has strengthened the presumption that their cardiovascular effects are overlapping, but distinct and complementary to each other; 7-36a exerts cardiovascular effects in a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) dependent pathway, whereas 9-36a does so in a GLP-1R independent pathway. GLP-1 therapies have been developed using two main strategies: DPP4-resistant GLP-1 analogs/GLP-1R agonists and DPP4 inhibitors, which both aim to prolong the life-time of circulating 7-36a. One prominent concern that should be addressed is that the cardiovascular benefits of 9-36a are lacking in these strategies. This review attempts to differentiate the cardiovascular effects between 7-36a and 9-36a in order to provide new insights into GLP-1 physiology, and facilitate our efforts to develop a superior GLP-1-therapy strategy for T2DM and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's HospitalToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's HospitalToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harry K Lau
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's HospitalToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Fathi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's HospitalToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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Li Y, Wu KJ, Yu SJ, Tamargo IA, Wang Y, Greig NH. Neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of oxyntomodulin in neuronal cells and a rat model of stroke. Exp Neurol 2016; 288:104-113. [PMID: 27856285 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proglucagon-derived peptides, especially glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its long-acting mimetics, have exhibited neuroprotective effects in animal models of stroke. Several of these peptides are in clinical trials for stroke. Oxyntomodulin (OXM) is a proglucagon-derived peptide that co-activates the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR). The neuroprotective action of OXM, however, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of OXM was first examined in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells and rat primary cortical neurons. GLP-1R and GCGR antagonists, and inhibitors of various signaling pathways were used in cell culture to characterize the mechanisms of action of OXM. To evaluate translation in vivo, OXM-mediated neuroprotection was assessed in a 60-min, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rat model of stroke. We found that OXM dose- and time-dependently increased cell viability and protected cells from glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress. These neuroprotective actions of OXM were mainly mediated through the GLP-1R. OXM induced intracellular cAMP production and activated cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, inhibition of the PKA and MAPK pathways, but not inhibition of the PI3K pathway, significantly attenuated the OXM neuroprotective actions. Intracerebroventricular administration of OXM significantly reduced cerebral infarct size and improved locomotor activities in MCAo stroke rats. Therefore, we conclude that OXM is neuroprotective against ischemic brain injury. The mechanisms of action involve induction of intracellular cAMP, activation of PKA and MAPK pathways and phosphorylation of CREB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Li
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Kou-Jen Wu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Seong-Jin Yu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ian A Tamargo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Steven S, Jurk K, Kopp M, Kröller-Schön S, Mikhed Y, Schwierczek K, Roohani S, Kashani F, Oelze M, Klein T, Tokalov S, Danckwardt S, Strand S, Wenzel P, Münzel T, Daiber A. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor signalling reduces microvascular thrombosis, nitro-oxidative stress and platelet activation in endotoxaemic mice. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:1620-1632. [PMID: 27435156 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Excessive inflammation in sepsis causes microvascular thrombosis and thrombocytopenia associated with organ dysfunction and high mortality. The present studies aimed to investigate whether inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and supplementation with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists improved endotoxaemia-associated microvascular thrombosis via immunomodulatory effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Endotoxaemia was induced in C57BL/6J mice by a single injection of LPS (17.5 mg kg-1 for survival and 10 mg kg-1 for all other studies). For survival studies, treatment was started 6 h after LPS injection. For all other studies, drugs were injected 48 h before LPS treatment. KEY RESULTS Mice treated with LPS alone showed severe thrombocytopenia, microvascular thrombosis in the pulmonary circulation (fluorescence imaging), increased LDH activity, endothelial dysfunction and increased markers of inflammation in aorta and whole blood (leukocyte-dependent oxidative burst, nitrosyl-iron haemoglobin, a marker of nitrosative stress, and expression of inducible NOS). Treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin or the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, as well as genetic deletion of DPP-4 (DPP4-/- mice) improved all these parameters. In GLP-1 receptor-deficient mice, both linagliptin and liraglutide lost their beneficial effects and improvement of prognosis. Incubation of platelets and cultured monocytes (containing GLP-1 receptor protein) with GLP-1 receptor agonists inhibited the monocytic oxidative burst and platelet activation, with a GLP-1 receptor-dependent elevation of cAMP levels and PKA activation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS GLP-1 receptor activation in platelets by linagliptin and liraglutide strongly attenuated endotoxaemia-induced microvascular thrombosis and mortality by a cAMP/PKA-dependent mechanism, preventing systemic inflammation, vascular dysfunction and end organ damage. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steven
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kopp
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuliya Mikhed
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schwierczek
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siyer Roohani
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Kashani
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Sergey Tokalov
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Danckwardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Strand
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Liu R, Wong W, IJzerman AP. Human G protein-coupled receptor studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 114:103-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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The complexity of signalling mediated by the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:582-8. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20150244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a class B GPCR that is a major therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The receptor is activated by the incretin peptide GLP-1 promoting a broad range of physiological effects including glucose-dependent insulin secretion and biosynthesis, improved insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues, preservation of β-cell mass and weight loss, all of which are beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite this, existing knowledge surrounding the underlying signalling mechanisms responsible for the physiological actions downstream of GLP-1R activation is limited. Here, we review the current understanding around GLP-1R-mediated signalling, in particular highlighting recent contributions to the field on biased agonism, the spatial and temporal aspects for the control of signalling and how these concepts may influence future drug development.
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Wootten D, Miller LJ, Koole C, Christopoulos A, Sexton PM. Allostery and Biased Agonism at Class B G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Chem Rev 2016; 117:111-138. [PMID: 27040440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to paracrine or endocrine peptide hormones involved in control of bone homeostasis, glucose regulation, satiety, and gastro-intestinal function, as well as pain transmission. These receptors are targets for existing drugs that treat osteoporosis, hypercalcaemia, Paget's disease, type II diabetes, and obesity and are being actively pursued as targets for numerous other diseases. Exploitation of class B receptors has been limited by difficulties with small molecule drug discovery and development and an under appreciation of factors governing optimal therapeutic efficacy. Recently, there has been increasing awareness of novel attributes of GPCR function that offer new opportunity for drug development. These include the presence of allosteric binding sites on the receptor that can be exploited as drug binding pockets and the ability of individual drugs to enrich subpopulations of receptor conformations to selectively control signaling, a phenomenon termed biased agonism. In this review, current knowledge of biased signaling and small molecule allostery within class B GPCRs is discussed, highlighting areas that have progressed significantly over the past decade, in addition to those that remain largely unexplored with respect to these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laurence J Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic , Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - Cassandra Koole
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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Sharma AK, Thanikachalam PV, Rajput SK. Albiglutide: Is a better hope against diabetes mellitus? Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 77:120-8. [PMID: 26796275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the chronic metabolic disorder which provokes several pitfall signalling. Though, a series of anti-diabetic drugs are available in the market but T2DM is still a huge burden on the developed and developing countries. Numerous studies and survey predict the associated baleful circumstances in near future due to incessant increase in this insidious disorder. The novelty of recent explored anti-diabetic drugs including glitazone, glitazaar and gliflozines seems to be vanished due to their associated toxic side effects. Brown and Dryburgh (1970) isolated an intestinal amino acid known as gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) which had insulinotropic activity. Subsequently in 1985, another incretin glucagon likes peptide 1 (GLP-1) having potent insulinotropic properties was discovered by Schmidt and his co-workers. On the basis of results' obtained by Phase III Harmony program FDA approved (14 April, 2014) new GLP-1 agonist 'Albiglutide (ALB)', in addition to exiting components Exenatide (Eli Lilly, 2005) and Liraglutide (Novo Nordisk, 2010). ALB stimulates the release of protein kinase A (PKA) via different mechanisms which ultimately leads to increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels. This increased intracellular Ca(2+) releases insulin vesicle from β-cells. In-addition, ALB being resistant to degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and has longer half life. DPP-4 can significantly degrade the level of GLP-1 agonist by hydrolysis. In spite of potent anti-hypergycemic activity, ALB has pleiotropic action of improving cardiovascular physiology. In light of these viewpoints we reveal the individual pharmacological profile of ALB and the critical analyse about its future perspective in present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
| | | | - Satyendra K Rajput
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
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Wootten D, Reynolds CA, Koole C, Smith KJ, Mobarec JC, Simms J, Quon T, Coudrat T, Furness SGB, Miller LJ, Christopoulos A, Sexton PM. A Hydrogen-Bonded Polar Network in the Core of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Is a Fulcrum for Biased Agonism: Lessons from Class B Crystal Structures. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:335-47. [PMID: 26700562 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor is a class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is a key target for treatments for type II diabetes and obesity. This receptor, like other class B GPCRs, displays biased agonism, though the physiologic significance of this is yet to be elucidated. Previous work has implicated R2.60(190), N3.43(240), Q7.49(394), and H6.52(363) as key residues involved in peptide-mediated biased agonism, with R2.60(190), N3.43(240), and Q7.49(394) predicted to form a polar interaction network. In this study, we used novel insight gained from recent crystal structures of the transmembrane domains of the glucagon and corticotropin releasing factor 1 (CRF1) receptors to develop improved models of the GLP-1 receptor that predict additional key molecular interactions with these amino acids. We have introduced E6.53(364)A, N3.43(240)Q, Q7.49(394)N, and N3.43(240)Q/Q7.49(394)N mutations to probe the role of predicted H-bonding and charge-charge interactions in driving cAMP, calcium, or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. A polar interaction between E6.53(364) and R2.60(190) was predicted to be important for GLP-1- and exendin-4-, but not oxyntomodulin-mediated cAMP formation and also ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In contrast, Q7.49(394), but not R2.60(190)/E6.53(364) was critical for calcium mobilization for all three peptides. Mutation of N3.43(240) and Q7.49(394) had differential effects on individual peptides, providing evidence for molecular differences in activation transition. Collectively, this work expands our understanding of peptide-mediated signaling from the GLP-1 receptor and the key role that the central polar network plays in these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Wootten
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., C.K., T.Q., T.C., S.G.B.F., A.C., P.M.S.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK (C.A.R., K.J.S., J.C.M.); School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK (J.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.J.M.)
| | - Christopher A Reynolds
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., C.K., T.Q., T.C., S.G.B.F., A.C., P.M.S.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK (C.A.R., K.J.S., J.C.M.); School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK (J.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.J.M.)
| | - Cassandra Koole
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., C.K., T.Q., T.C., S.G.B.F., A.C., P.M.S.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK (C.A.R., K.J.S., J.C.M.); School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK (J.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.J.M.)
| | - Kevin J Smith
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., C.K., T.Q., T.C., S.G.B.F., A.C., P.M.S.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK (C.A.R., K.J.S., J.C.M.); School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK (J.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.J.M.)
| | - Juan C Mobarec
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., C.K., T.Q., T.C., S.G.B.F., A.C., P.M.S.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK (C.A.R., K.J.S., J.C.M.); School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK (J.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.J.M.)
| | - John Simms
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., C.K., T.Q., T.C., S.G.B.F., A.C., P.M.S.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK (C.A.R., K.J.S., J.C.M.); School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK (J.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.J.M.)
| | - Tezz Quon
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., C.K., T.Q., T.C., S.G.B.F., A.C., P.M.S.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK (C.A.R., K.J.S., J.C.M.); School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK (J.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.J.M.)
| | - Thomas Coudrat
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., C.K., T.Q., T.C., S.G.B.F., A.C., P.M.S.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK (C.A.R., K.J.S., J.C.M.); School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK (J.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.J.M.)
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., C.K., T.Q., T.C., S.G.B.F., A.C., P.M.S.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK (C.A.R., K.J.S., J.C.M.); School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK (J.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.J.M.)
| | - Laurence J Miller
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., C.K., T.Q., T.C., S.G.B.F., A.C., P.M.S.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK (C.A.R., K.J.S., J.C.M.); School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK (J.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.J.M.)
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., C.K., T.Q., T.C., S.G.B.F., A.C., P.M.S.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK (C.A.R., K.J.S., J.C.M.); School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK (J.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.J.M.)
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., C.K., T.Q., T.C., S.G.B.F., A.C., P.M.S.); School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK (C.A.R., K.J.S., J.C.M.); School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK (J.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.J.M.)
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Novel GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) Analogues and Insulin in the Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. CNS Drugs 2015; 29:1023-39. [PMID: 26666230 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-015-0301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The link between diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been known for the last few decades. Since insulin and insulin receptors are known to be present in the brain, the downstream signalling as well as the effect of hyperinsulinemia have been extensively studied in both AD and Parkinson's disease. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone belonging to the incretin family, and its receptors (GLP-1Rs) can be found in pancreatic cells and in vascular endothelium. Interestingly, GLP-1Rs are found in the neuronal cell body and dendrites in the central nervous system (CNS), in particular in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb. Several studies have shown the importance of both insulin and GLP-1 signalling on cognitive function, and many preclinical studies have been performed to evaluate the potential protective role of GLP-1 on the brain. Here we review the underlying mechanism of insulin and GLP-1 signalling in the CNS, as well as the preclinical data for the use of GLP-1 analogues such as liraglutide, exenatide and lixisenatide in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Frederiksen TM, Sønderby P, Ryberg LA, Harris P, Bukrinski JT, Scharff-Poulsen AM, Elf-Lind MN, Peters GH. Oligomerization of a Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Analog: Bridging Experiment and Simulations. Biophys J 2015; 109:1202-13. [PMID: 26340816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog, liraglutide, is a GLP-1 agonist and is used in the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. From a pharmaceutical perspective, it is important to know the oligomerization state of liraglutide with respect to stability. Compared to GLP-1, liraglutide has an added fatty acid (FA) moiety that causes oligomerization of liraglutide as suggested by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and multiangle static light scattering (MALS) results. SAXS data suggested a global shape of a hollow elliptical cylinder of size hexa-, hepta-, or octamer, whereas MALS data indicate a hexamer. To elaborate further on the stability of these oligomers and the role of the FA chains, a series of molecular-dynamics simulations were carried out on 11 different hexa-, hepta-, and octameric systems. Our results indicate that interactions of the fatty acid chains contribute noticeably to the stabilization. The simulation results indicate that the heptamer with paired FA chains is the most stable oligomer when compared to the 10 other investigated structures. Theoretical SAXS curves extracted from the simulations qualitatively agree with the experimentally determined SAXS curves supporting the view that liraglutide forms heptamers in solution. In agreement with the SAXS data, the heptamer forms a water-filled oligomer of elliptical cylindrical shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine M Frederiksen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Sønderby
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Line A Ryberg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Maria N Elf-Lind
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Günther H Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Preservation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Level Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Tissue Fibrosis by Altering AT1/AT2 Receptor Expression and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Activity in Rat Heart. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 29:243-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-015-6592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Peng M, Yang X. Controlling diabetes by chromium complexes: The role of the ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 146:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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