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Kharouba HM. Shifting the paradigm: The role of introduced plants in the resiliency of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17319. [PMID: 38804095 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Current ecological communities are in a constant state of flux from climate change and from species introductions. Recent discussion has focused on the positive roles introduced species can play in ecological communities and on the importance of conserving resilient ecosystems, but not how these two ideas intersect. There has been insufficient work to define the attributes needed to support ecosystem resilience to climate change in modern communities. Here, I argue that non-invasive, introduced plant species could play an important role in supporting the resilience of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. Using examples from multiple taxonomic groups and ecosystems, I discuss how introduced plants can contribute to ecosystem resilience via their roles in plant and insect communities, as well as their associated ecosystem functions. I highlight the current and potential contributions of introduced plants and where there are critical knowledge gaps. Determining when and how introduced plants are contributing to the resilience of ecosystems to climate change will contribute to effective conservation strategies.
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Gallardo B, Bacher S, Barbosa AM, Gallien L, González-Moreno P, Martínez-Bolea V, Sorte C, Vimercati G, Vilà M. Risks posed by invasive species to the provision of ecosystem services in Europe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2631. [PMID: 38600085 PMCID: PMC11006939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive species significantly impact biodiversity and ecosystem services, yet understanding these effects at large spatial scales remains a challenge. Our study addresses this gap by assessing the current and potential future risks posed by 94 invasive species to seven key ecosystem services in Europe. We demonstrate widespread potential impacts, particularly on outdoor recreation, habitat maintenance, crop provisioning, and soil and nitrogen retention. Exposure to invasive species was higher in areas with lower provision of ecosystem services, particularly for regulating and cultural services. Exposure was also high in areas where ecosystem contributions to crop provision and nitrogen retention were at their highest. Notably, regions vital for ecosystem services currently have low invasion suitability, but face an average 77% increase in potential invasion area. Here we show that, while high-value ecosystem service areas at the highest risk represent a small fraction of Europe (0-13%), they are disproportionally important for service conservation. Our study underscores the importance of monitoring and protecting these hotspots to align management strategies with international biodiversity targets, considering both invasion vulnerability and ecosystem service sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Gallardo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE), CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Biosecurity Initiative at St. Catherine's (BioRISC), Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology, Unit Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 15, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ana Marcia Barbosa
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais (CICGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laure Gallien
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Pablo González-Moreno
- Department of Forest Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Crta. IV, km. 396, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Bolea
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE), CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cascade Sorte
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Vimercati
- Department of Biology, Unit Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 15, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Kumschick S, Bertolino S, Blackburn TM, Brundu G, Costello KE, de Groot M, Evans T, Gallardo B, Genovesi P, Govender T, Jeschke JM, Lapin K, Measey J, Novoa A, Nunes AL, Probert AF, Pyšek P, Preda C, Rabitsch W, Roy HE, Smith KG, Tricarico E, Vilà M, Vimercati G, Bacher S. Using the IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa to inform decision-making. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14214. [PMID: 38051018 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) is an important tool for biological invasion policy and management and has been adopted as an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) standard to measure the severity of environmental impacts caused by organisms living outside their native ranges. EICAT has already been incorporated into some national and local decision-making procedures, making it a particularly relevant resource for addressing the impact of non-native species. Recently, some of the underlying conceptual principles of EICAT, particularly those related to the use of the precautionary approach, have been challenged. Although still relatively new, guidelines for the application and interpretation of EICAT will be periodically revisited by the IUCN community, based on scientific evidence, to improve the process. Some of the criticisms recently raised are based on subjectively selected assumptions that cannot be generalized and may harm global efforts to manage biological invasions. EICAT adopts a precautionary principle by considering a species' impact history elsewhere because some taxa have traits that can make them inherently more harmful. Furthermore, non-native species are often important drivers of biodiversity loss even in the presence of other pressures. Ignoring the precautionary principle when tackling the impacts of non-native species has led to devastating consequences for human well-being, biodiversity, and ecosystems, as well as poor management outcomes, and thus to significant economic costs. EICAT is a relevant tool because it supports prioritization and management of non-native species and meeting and monitoring progress toward the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) Target 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kumschick
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandro Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Tim M Blackburn
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Brundu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Katie E Costello
- Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team, Science and Data Centre, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Thomas Evans
- Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Piero Genovesi
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- ISPRA, Rome, Italy
- IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, Roma, Italy
| | - Tanushri Govender
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Lapin
- Austrian Research Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Vienna, Austria
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute for Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ana Novoa
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Ana L Nunes
- Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team, Science and Data Centre, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna F Probert
- Zoology Discipline, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Preda
- Department of Natural Sciences, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | | | - Helen E Roy
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Kevin G Smith
- Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team, Science and Data Centre, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Tricarico
- National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC) and Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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4
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Akil Prasath RV, Mohanraj R, Balaramdas KR, Jhony Kumar Tagore A, Raja P, Rajasekaran A. Characterization of carbon fluxes, stock and nutrients in the sacred forest groves and invasive vegetation stands within the human dominated landscapes of a tropical semi-arid region. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4513. [PMID: 38402350 PMCID: PMC10894248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the semi-arid plains of Southern India, outside the protected area network, sacred groves forests and the barren lands invaded by Prosopis juliflora are reckoned to be the major greenery, but have homogenous and heterogeneous vegetation respectively. This study attempted to compare 50 Sacred Groves Stands (SGS) and 50 monodominant Prosopis juliflora Stands (PJS) for the functional diversity, evenness, floral diversity, carbon stock and dynamics, carbon-fixing traits, dendrochronology of trees, soil nutrient profiles, and soil erosion. Quadrat sample survey was adopted to record stand density, species richness, abundance, basal area and leaf area index; composite soil samples were collected at depths 0-30 cm for nutrient profiling (N, P, K, and OC). Photosynthesis rate (µmole co2 m2/sec), air temperature (°c), leaf intracellular co2 concentration (ppm), ambient photosynthetic active radiation (µmole m2/sec), transpiration rate (m. mole H2O m2/sec) were determined for the 51 tree species existed in SGS and PJS using Plant Photosynthesis system. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was applied to derive the carbon sequestering potential and photosynthetic efficiency of eight dominant tree species using vital input parameters, including eco-physiological, morphological, and biochemical characterization. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, in conjunction with ArcGIS Pro and ArcGIS 10.3, was adopted to map soil loss. Carbon source/sink determinations inferred through Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) assessments showed that mature SGS potentially acted as a carbon sink (0.06 ± 0.01 g C/m2/day), while matured PJS acted as a carbon source (-0.34 ± 0.12 g C/m2/day). Soil erosion rates were significantly greater (29.5 ± 13.4 ton/ha/year) in SGS compared to PJS (7.52 ± 2.55 ton/ha/year). Of the eight selected tree species, SEM revealed that trees belonging to the family Fabaceae [Wrightia tinctoria (estimated coefficient: 1.28, p = 0.02) > Prosopis juliflora (1.22, p = 0.01) > Acacia nilotica (1.21, p = 0.03) > Albizia lebbeck (0.97, p = 0.01)] showed comparatively high carbon sequestering ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Akil Prasath
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - R Mohanraj
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India.
| | - K R Balaramdas
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | | | - P Raja
- St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - A Rajasekaran
- Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, 641002, India
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Kaplan H, Prahalad V, Kendal D. From Conservation to Connection: Exploring the Role of Nativeness in Shaping People's Relationships with Urban Trees. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 72:1006-1018. [PMID: 37452854 PMCID: PMC10509121 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Deciding whether to plant native or non-native trees in public urban green spaces is becoming complex and conflicted, and decisions purely based on biotic nativeness are likely to be hamstrung as climate change and rising urban heat push many native species beyond their natural ranges. Importantly, tree selection considerations by urban planners and environmental managers will have to move beyond a primary focus on securing conservation and ecological outcomes, to elucidate and engage with a growing interest in the socio-cultural values and services of urban trees. Building on emerging theoretical perspectives, this place-based study explores the role that perceptions of nativeness have in shaping people's relationships with native and non-native urban trees and landscapes in an Australian city. Nativeness was associated with a range of subjective meanings including cultural identity, political expression, nature connection, desirable and undesirable traits, and environmental and cultural compatibility. Our findings emphasise that the ways in which urban trees and green spaces are valued and experienced is likely mediated by people's perceptions of nativeness and its importance relative to other attributes. To provision and sustain green spaces that meet the diverse needs and preferences of urban publics, planners and managers need to elucidate and incorporate the nuanced, place-based and multifaceted subjective meanings of nativeness into urban greening decision-making and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haylee Kaplan
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group, School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Vishnu Prahalad
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group, School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dave Kendal
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group, School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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6
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Philpott SM, Lucatero A, Andrade S, Hernandez C, Bichier P. Promoting Beneficial Arthropods in Urban Agroecosystems: Focus on Flowers, Maybe Not Native Plants. INSECTS 2023; 14:576. [PMID: 37504583 PMCID: PMC10380228 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
(1) Urbanization threatens biodiversity, yet urban native plants support native biodiversity, contributing to conservation and ecosystem services. Within urban agroecosystems, where non-native plants are abundant, native plants may boost the abundance and richness of beneficial arthropods. Nevertheless, current information focuses on pollinators, with little attention being paid to other beneficials, like natural enemies. (2) We examined how the species richness of native plants, garden management, and landscape composition influence the abundance and species richness of all, native, and non-native bees, ladybeetles, ants, and ground-foraging spiders in urban agroecosystems (i.e., urban community gardens) in California. (3) We found that native plants (~10% of species, but only ~2.5% of plant cover) had little influence on arthropods, with negative effects only on non-native spider richness, likely due to the low plant cover provided by native plants. Garden size boosted native and non-native bee abundance and richness and non-native spider richness; floral abundance boosted non-native spider abundance and native and non-native spider richness; and mulch cover and tree and shrub abundance boosted non-native spider richness. Natural habitat cover promoted non-native bee and native ant abundance, but fewer native ladybeetle species were observed. (4) While native plant richness may not strongly influence the abundance and richness of beneficial arthropods, other garden management features could be manipulated to promote the conservation of native organisms or ecosystem services provided by native and non-native organisms within urban agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M Philpott
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Azucena Lucatero
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Sofie Andrade
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Cameron Hernandez
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Peter Bichier
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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7
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Romero-Blanco A, Castro-Díez P, Lázaro-Lobo A, Molina-Venegas R, Cruces P, Pyšek P. Searching for predictors of the variability of impacts caused by non-native trees on regulating ecosystem services worldwide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162961. [PMID: 36958556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Humans have introduced non-native trees (NNT) all over the world to take advantage of the plethora of benefits they provide. However, depending on the context, NNT may present a diverse range of effects on ecosystem services (ES), from benefits to drawbacks, which may hinder the development of policies for these species. Unfortunately, the attempts so far to understand the impacts of NNT on ES only explained a low proportion of their variation. Here we analyze the variation in impacts of NNT on regulating ecosystem services (RES) by using a global database, which covers the effect size of multiple NNT species on six RES (climate regulation, soil erosion regulation, soil fertility, soil formation, hydrological cycle regulation, and fire protection). We used a wide range of predictors to account for the context-dependency of impacts distributed in five groups: the RES type, functional traits of both the NNT and the dominant NT of the recipient ecosystem, phylogenetic and functional distances between NNT and NT, climatic context, and human population characteristics. Using boosted regression trees and regression trees, we found that the most influential predictors of NNT impacts on RES were annual mean temperatures and precipitation seasonality, followed by the type of RES, human population density, and NNT height. In regions with warm temperatures and low seasonality, NNT tended to increase RES. NNT impacts were greater in densely populated regions. Smaller NNT exerted greater positive impacts on climate regulation and soil erosion regulation in tropical regions than in other climates. We highlight that benign climates and high population density exacerbate the effects of NNT on RES, and that soil fertility is the most consistently affected RES. Knowledge of the factors that modulate NNT impacts can help to predict their potential effects on RES in different parts of the world and at various environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Romero-Blanco
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Department of Life Sciences, Unidad de Ecología, Biological Invasions Research Group, Plaza de San Diego S/N, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Castro-Díez
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Department of Life Sciences, Unidad de Ecología, Biological Invasions Research Group, Plaza de San Diego S/N, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Lázaro-Lobo
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Department of Life Sciences, Unidad de Ecología, Biological Invasions Research Group, Plaza de San Diego S/N, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Molina-Venegas
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Department of Life Sciences, Unidad de Ecología, Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group, Plaza de San Diego S/N, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Cruces
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Department of Life Sciences, Unidad de Ecología, Biological Invasions Research Group, Plaza de San Diego S/N, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
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Fernandez RD, Haubrock PJ, Cuthbert RN, Heringer G, Kourantidou M, Hudgins EJ, Angulo E, Diagne CA, Courchamp F, Nuñez MA. Underexplored and growing economic costs of invasive alien trees. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8945. [PMID: 37268662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The high ecological impacts of many invasive alien trees have been well documented. However, to date, we lacked synthesis of their economic impacts, hampering management actions. Here, we summarize the cost records of invasive trees to (I) identify invasive trees with cost information and their geographic locations, (II) investigate the types of costs recorded and sectors impacted by invasive trees and (III) analyze the relationships between categories of uses of invasive trees and the invasion costs attributed to these uses. We found reliable cost records only for 72 invasive trees, accumulating a reported total cost of $19.2 billion between 1960 and 2020. Agriculture was the sector with the highest cost records due to invasive trees. Most costs were incurred as resource damages and losses ($3.5 billion). Close attention to the ornamental sector is important for reducing the economic impact of invasive trees, since most invasive trees with cost records were introduced for that use. Despite massive reported costs of invasive trees, there remain large knowledge gaps on most invasive trees, sectors, and geographic scales, indicating that the real cost is severely underestimated. This highlights the need for further concerted and widely-distributed research efforts regarding the economic impact of invasive trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina D Fernandez
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-CONICET, CC. 34, 4107, Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Phillip J Haubrock
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Clamecystr. 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany.
- CAMB, Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hallawy, Kuwait.
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Gustavo Heringer
- Department of Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Natural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
- Nürtingen-Geislingen University (HfWU), Schelmenwasen 4-8, 72622, Nürtingen, Germany
| | - Melina Kourantidou
- Department of Sociology, Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Degnevej 14, 6705, Esbjerg Ø, Denmark
| | - Emma J Hudgins
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Elena Angulo
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Americo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Christophe A Diagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Franck Courchamp
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Martin A Nuñez
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Shen C, Chen P, Zhang K, He M, Wan J, Wang Y, Tao Z, Huang W, Siemann E. Dynamics and mechanisms of secondary invasion following biological control of an invasive plant. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2594-2606. [PMID: 36918476 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Secondary invasions in which nontarget invaders expand following eradication of a target invader commonly occur in habitats with multiple invasive plant species and can prevent recovery of native communities. However, the dynamics and mechanisms of secondary invasion remain unclear. Here, we conducted a common garden experiment to test underlying mechanisms of secondary invasion for 14 nontarget invaders after biological control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in two consecutive years. We found secondary invasion for all tested nontarget invaders, but secondary invasiveness (change relative to natives) varied with species and time. Specifically, secondary invasiveness depended most strongly on phylogenetic relatedness between the target and nontarget invaders in the first year with closely related nontarget invaders being most invasive. By contrast, secondary invasiveness in the second year was mostly driven by functional traits with taller nontarget invaders or those with higher specific leaf area, or smaller seeds especially invasive. Our study indicates that secondary invasion is likely to occur wherever other invasive plants co-occur with an invasive species targeted for control. Furthermore, the most problematic invaders will initially be species closely related to the target invader but then species with rapid growth and high reproduction are most likely to be more aggressive secondary invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengdong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaoping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Minyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jinlong Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Zhibin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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10
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Matevski D, Foltran E, Lamersdorf N, Schuldt A. Introduction of non-native Douglas fir reduces leaf damage on beech saplings and mature trees in European beech forests. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2786. [PMID: 36477972 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent ecological research suggests that, in general, mixtures are more resistant to insect herbivores and pathogens than monocultures. However, we know little about mixtures with non-native trees, where enemy release could lead to patterns that differ from commonly observed relationships among native species. This becomes particularly relevant when considering that adaptation strategies to climate change increasingly promote a larger share of non-native tree species, such as North American Douglas fir in Central Europe. We studied leaf damage on European beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings and mature trees across a wide range of site conditions in monocultures and mixtures with phylogenetically distant conifers native Norway spruce (Picea abies) and non-native Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). We analyzed leaf herbivory and pathogen damage in relation to tree diversity and composition effects, as well as effects of environmental factors and plant characteristics. We observed lower sapling herbivory and tree sucking damage on beech in non-native Douglas fir mixtures than in beech monocultures, probably due to a lower herbivore diversity on Douglas fir trees, and higher pathogen damage on beech saplings in Norway spruce than Douglas fir mixtures, possibly because of higher canopy openness. Our findings suggest that for low diversity gradients, tree diversity effects on leaf damage can strongly depend on tree species composition, in addition to modifications caused by feeding guild and tree ontogeny. Moreover, we found that nutrient capacity modulated the effects of tree diversity, composition, and environmental factors, with different responses in sites with low or high nutrient capacity. The existence of contrasting diversity effects based on tree species composition provides important information on our understanding of the relationships between tree diversity and plant-herbivore interactions in light of non-native tree species introductions. Especially with recent Norway spruce die-off, the planting of Douglas fir as replacement is likely to strongly increase in Central Europe. Our findings suggest that mixtures with Douglas fir could benefit the survival or growth rates of beech saplings and mature trees due to lower leaf damage, emphasizing the need to clearly identify and compare the potential benefits and ecological trade-offs of non-native tree species in forest management under ongoing environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Matevski
- Forest Nature Conservation, Faculty of Forest Science and Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Estela Foltran
- Bordeaux-Sciences-Agro, INRAE, UMR ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Büsgen-Institute, Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Lamersdorf
- Büsgen-Institute, Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, Faculty of Forest Science and Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Marshall AR, Waite CE, Pfeifer M, Banin LF, Rakotonarivo S, Chomba S, Herbohn J, Gilmour DA, Brown M, Chazdon RL. Fifteen essential science advances needed for effective restoration of the world's forest landscapes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210065. [PMID: 36373922 PMCID: PMC9661955 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There has never been a more pressing and opportune time for science and practice to collaborate towards restoration of the world's forests. Multiple uncertainties remain for achieving successful, long-term forest landscape restoration (FLR). In this article, we use expert knowledge and literature review to identify knowledge gaps that need closing to advance restoration practice, as an introduction to a landmark theme issue on FLR and the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Aligned with an Adaptive Management Cycle for FLR, we identify 15 essential science advances required to facilitate FLR success for nature and people. They highlight that the greatest science challenges lie in the conceptualization, planning and assessment stages of restoration, which require an evidence base for why, where and how to restore, at realistic scales. FLR and underlying sciences are complex, requiring spatially explicit approaches across disciplines and sectors, considering multiple objectives, drivers and trade-offs critical for decision-making and financing. The developing tropics are a priority region, where scientists must work with stakeholders across the Adaptive Management Cycle. Clearly communicated scientific evidence for action at the outset of restoration planning will enable donors, decision makers and implementers to develop informed objectives, realistic targets and processes for accountability. This article paves the way for 19 further articles in this theme issue, with author contributions from across the world. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Marshall
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Reforest Africa, Mang'ula, Tanzania
- Flamingo Land Ltd, Kirby Misperton, North Yorkshire YO17 6UX, UK
| | - Catherine E. Waite
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Marion Pfeifer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Lindsay F. Banin
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Sarobidy Rakotonarivo
- École Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 566 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - John Herbohn
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Donald A. Gilmour
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Mark Brown
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Robin L. Chazdon
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
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12
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Matos FAR, Edwards DP, S. Magnago LF, Heringer G, Viana Neri A, Buttschardt T, Dudeque Zenni R, Tavares de Menezes LF, Zamborlini Saiter F, Reynaud Schaefer CEG, Vieira Hissa Safar N, Pacheco Da Silva M, Simonelli M, Martins SV, Brancalion PHS, A. Meira-Neto JA. Invasive alien acacias rapidly stock carbon, but threaten biodiversity recovery in young second-growth forests. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210072. [PMID: 36373928 PMCID: PMC9661951 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the UN-Decade of Ecosystem Restoration and Bonn Challenge, second-growth forest is promoted as a global solution to climate change, degradation and associated losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Second growth is often invaded by alien tree species and understanding how this impacts carbon stock and biodiversity recovery is key for restoration planning. We assessed carbon stock and tree diversity recovery in second growth invaded by two Acacia species and non-invaded second growth, with associated edge effects, in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Carbon stock recovery in non-invaded forests was threefold lower than in invaded forests. Increasingly isolated, fragmented and deforested areas had low carbon stocks when non-invaded, whereas the opposite was true when invaded. Non-invaded forests recovered threefold to sixfold higher taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity than invaded forest. Higher species turnover and lower nestedness in non-invaded than invaded forests underpinned higher abundance of threatened and endemic species in non-invaded forest. Non-invaded forests presented positive relationships between carbon and biodiversity, whereas in the invaded forests we did not detect any relationship, indicating that more carbon does not equal more biodiversity in landscapes with high vulnerability to invasive acacias. To deliver on combined climate change and biodiversity goals, restoration planning and management must consider biological invasion risk. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio A. R. Matos
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants (LEEP), Botany graduate program (PPGBot), Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP: 36.570-000, Brazil
- Federal University of Espírito Santo (CEUNES/DCAB), BR 101 Norte, Km 60 - Bairro Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.932-900, Brazil
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David P. Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Luiz Fernando S. Magnago
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP: 37.200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Heringer
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants (LEEP), Botany graduate program (PPGBot), Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP: 36.570-000, Brazil
- Institute of Landscape Ecology—ILÖK, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreza Viana Neri
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants (LEEP), Botany graduate program (PPGBot), Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP: 36.570-000, Brazil
| | - Tillmann Buttschardt
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, campus Cariacica, Cariacica-ES, CEP: 29.150-410, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dudeque Zenni
- Institute of Landscape Ecology—ILÖK, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Luis Fernando Tavares de Menezes
- Federal University of Espírito Santo (CEUNES/DCAB), BR 101 Norte, Km 60 - Bairro Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.932-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Zamborlini Saiter
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA). Av. José Ruschi, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.650-000, Brazil
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP: 36.570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Nathália Vieira Hissa Safar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP: 36.570-900, Brazil
| | - Mônica Pacheco Da Silva
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Januária, MG, CEP: 39.480-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Simonelli
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, campus Vitória, Vitória - ES, CEP: 29.056-264, Brazil
| | - Sebastião V. Martins
- Department of Forest Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, CEP: 36.570-900 Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Santin Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, CEP: 13.418-900, Brazil
| | - João Augusto A. Meira-Neto
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants (LEEP), Botany graduate program (PPGBot), Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP: 36.570-000, Brazil
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13
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Policelli N, Hoeksema JD, Moyano J, Vilgalys R, Vivelo S, Bhatnagar JM. Global pine tree invasions are linked to invasive root symbionts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:16-21. [PMID: 36221214 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel Policelli
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jason D Hoeksema
- Department of Biology, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Jaime Moyano
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Argentina
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Sasha Vivelo
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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14
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Belaire JA, Higgins C, Zoll D, Lieberknecht K, Bixler RP, Neff JL, Keitt TH, Jha S. Fine-scale monitoring and mapping of biodiversity and ecosystem services reveals multiple synergies and few tradeoffs in urban green space management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157801. [PMID: 35931152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urban watersheds can play a critical role in supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services in a rapidly changing world. However, managing for multiple environmental and social objectives in urban landscapes is challenging, especially if the optimization of one ecosystem service conflicts with another. Urban ecology research has frequently been limited to a few indicators - typically either biodiversity or ecosystem service indices - making tradeoffs and synergies difficult to assess. Through a recently established watershed-scale monitoring network in Central Texas, we address this gap by evaluating biodiversity (flora and fauna), habitat quality, and ecosystem service indices of urban green spaces across the watershed. Our results reveal substantial heterogeneity in biodiversity and ecosystem service levels and multiple synergies (stacked benefits or "win-wins"). For example, we found that carbon sequestration positively correlated with tree species richness and the proportion of native trees in a green space, indicating that biodiversity goals for increased tree diversity can also provide carbon sequestration benefits. We also documented correlations between green spaces with greater riparian forest cover and lower particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and cooler temperatures. In addition, we found that bee and wasp species richness was positively correlated with carbon sequestration and human visitation rates, meaning that urban green spaces can optimize carbon sequestration goals without losing pollinator habitat or access opportunities for city residents. Overall, our results indicate that many aspects of habitat quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem services can be simultaneously supported in urban green spaces. We conclude that urban design and management can optimize nature-based solutions and strategies to have distinct positive impacts on both people and nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Amy Belaire
- The Nature Conservancy, Texas, 3801 Kirby Drive, Suite 740, Houston, TX 77098, United States of America.
| | - Caitlin Higgins
- 16201 Gordon Cummings Road, Canyon, TX 79015, United States of America
| | - Deidre Zoll
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America.
| | - Katherine Lieberknecht
- School of Architecture, University of Texas at Austin, 310 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - R Patrick Bixler
- LBJ School of Public Affairs, 2315 Red River Street, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - John L Neff
- Central Texas Melittological Institute, 7307 Running Rope, Austin, TX 78731, United States of America
| | - Timothy H Keitt
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Shalene Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America; Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
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15
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Wohlgemuth T, Gossner MM, Campagnaro T, Marchante H, van Loo M, Vacchiano G, Castro-Díez P, Dobrowolska D, Gazda A, Keren S, Keserű Z, Koprowski M, La Porta N, Marozas V, Nygaard PH, Podrázský V, Puchałka R, Reisman-Berman O, Straigytė L, Ylioja T, Pötzelsberger E, Silva JS. Impact of non-native tree species in Europe on soil properties and biodiversity: a review. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.78.87022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the context of global change, the integration of non-native tree (NNT) species into European forestry is increasingly being discussed. The ecological consequences of increasing use or spread of NNTs in European forests are highly uncertain, as the scientific evidence is either constraint to results from case studies with limited spatial extent, or concerns global assessments that lack focus on European NNTs. For either case, generalisations on European NNTs are challenging to draw. Here we compile data on the impacts of seven important NNTs (Acacia dealbata, Ailanthus altissima, Eucalyptus globulus, Prunus serotina, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus rubra, Robinia pseudoacacia) on physical and chemical soil properties and diversity attributes in Europe, and summarise commonalities and differences. From a total of 103 publications considered, studies on diversity attributes were overall more frequent than studies on soil properties. The effects on soil properties varied greatly among tree species and depended on the respective soil property. Overall, increasing (45%) and decreasing (45%) impacts on soil occurred with similar frequency. In contrast, decreasing impacts on biodiversity were much more frequent (66%) than increasing ones (24%). Species phylogenetically distant from European tree species, such as Acacia dealbata, Eucalyptus globulus and Ailanthus altissima, showed the strongest decreasing impacts on biodiversity. Our results suggest that forest managers should be cautious in using NNTs, as a majority of NNT stands host fewer species when compared with native tree species or ecosystems, likely reflected in changes in biotic interactions and ecosystem functions. The high variability of impacts suggests that individual NNTs should be assessed separately, but NNTs that lack European relatives should be used with particular caution.
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16
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Dimitrova A, Csilléry K, Klisz M, Lévesque M, Heinrichs S, Cailleret M, Andivia E, Madsen P, Böhenius H, Cvjetkovic B, De Cuyper B, de Dato G, Ferus P, Heinze B, Ivetić V, Köbölkuti Z, Lazarević J, Lazdina D, Maaten T, Makovskis K, Milovanović J, Monteiro AT, Nonić M, Place S, Puchalka R, Montagnoli A. Risks, benefits, and knowledge gaps of non-native tree species in Europe. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.908464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing ecosystem conditions and diverse socio-economical events have contributed to an ingrained presence of non-native tree species (NNTs) in the natural and cultural European landscapes. Recent research endeavors have focused on different aspects of NNTs such as legislation, benefits, and risks for forestry, emphasizing that large knowledge gaps remain. As an attempt to fulfill part of these gaps, within the PEN-CAFoRR COST Action (CA19128) network, we established an open-access questionnaire that allows both academic experts and practitioners to provide information regarding NNTs from 20 European countries. Then, we integrated the data originating from the questionnaire, related to the country-based assessment of both peer-reviewed and grey literature, with information from available datasets (EUFORGEN and EU-Forest), which gave the main structure to the study and led to a mixed approach review. Finally, our study provided important insights into the current state of knowledge regarding NNTs. In particular, we highlighted NNTs that have shown to be less commonly addressed in research, raising caution about those characterized by an invasive behavior and used for specific purposes (e.g., wood production, soil recultivation, afforestation, and reforestation). NNTs were especially explored in the context of resilient and adaptive forest management. Moreover, we emphasized the assisted and natural northward migration of NNTs as another underscored pressing issue, which needs to be addressed by joint efforts, especially in the context of the hybridization potential. This study represents an additional effort toward the knowledge enhancement of the NNTs situation in Europe, aiming for a continuously active common source deriving from interprofessional collaboration.
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17
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Singh JP, Kuang Y, Ploughe L, Coghill M, Fraser LH. Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) creates a soil legacy effect by modulating soil elemental composition in a semi-arid grassland ecosystem. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115391. [PMID: 35660827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants such as spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) are particularly detrimental to fragile ecosystems like semi-arid grasslands in the interior British Columbia, impacting aboveground and belowground ecology. Physical removal of C. stoebe has been one of the most popular invasive species management strategies, but the impact of C. stoebe removal on soil has hardly been studied. Here, we examine the legacy effect of C. stoebe on soil elemental composition and ecosystem function following its removal in the Lac Du Bios Grasslands Protected Area, British Columbia. First, we selected 40 paired C. stoebe invaded and control (uninvaded) plots and removed all vegetation from these plots. We planted Festuca campestris seedlings in these plots and harvested and weighed the biomass after four months. Additionally, we quantified total carbon and nitrogen in soil. We observed that C. stoebe invaded plots had significantly lower F. campestris biomass. Moreover, the total carbon and nitrogen content, and carbon/nitrogen ratio were significantly lower in C. stoebe invaded plots. We further analyzed 12 common soil elements and found the elemental composition was significantly different in C. stoebe invaded plots compared to controls. We investigated the impact of elemental composition on soil ecosystem functions (such as total soil carbon, total soil nitrogen, and F. campestris productivity). Our analysis revealed significant relationships amongst the elemental composition and total soil carbon and nitrogen, and F. campestris productivity. The results indicate that C. stoebe exerts a legacy effect by altering the soil elemental composition that may subsequently impacts soil ecosystem functions such as plant productivity and total carbon and nitrogen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Singh
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada.
| | - Yuying Kuang
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Laura Ploughe
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Matthew Coghill
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Lauchlan H Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
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18
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Vimercati G, Probert AF, Volery L, Bernardo-Madrid R, Bertolino S, Céspedes V, Essl F, Evans T, Gallardo B, Gallien L, González-Moreno P, Grange MC, Hui C, Jeschke JM, Katsanevakis S, Kühn I, Kumschick S, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Rieseberg L, Robinson TB, Saul WC, Sorte CJB, Vilà M, Wilson JRU, Bacher S. The EICAT+ framework enables classification of positive impacts of alien taxa on native biodiversity. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001729. [PMID: 35972940 PMCID: PMC9380921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species introduced through human-related activities beyond their native range, termed alien species, have various impacts worldwide. The IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) is a global standard to assess negative impacts of alien species on native biodiversity. Alien species can also positively affect biodiversity (for instance, through food and habitat provisioning or dispersal facilitation) but there is currently no standardized and evidence-based system to classify positive impacts. We fill this gap by proposing EICAT+, which uses 5 semiquantitative scenarios to categorize the magnitude of positive impacts, and describes underlying mechanisms. EICAT+ can be applied to all alien taxa at different spatial and organizational scales. The application of EICAT+ expands our understanding of the consequences of biological invasions and can inform conservation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vimercati
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna F. Probert
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lara Volery
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Bernardo-Madrid
- Department of Integrated Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sandro Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Vanessa Céspedes
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Franz Essl
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Evans
- Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laure Gallien
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Biodiversity Informatics Unit, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M. Jeschke
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Halle, Germany
- Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kumschick
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Loren Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tamara B. Robinson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wolf-Christian Saul
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cascade J. B. Sorte
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Department of Integrated Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - John R. U. Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Bellingham PJ, Arnst EA, Clarkson BD, Etherington TR, Forester LJ, Shaw WB, Sprague R, Wiser SK, Peltzer DA. The right tree in the right place? A major economic tree species poses major ecological threats. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTree species in the Pinaceae are some of the most widely introduced non-native tree species globally, especially in the southern hemisphere. In New Zealand, plantations of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) occupy c. 1.6 million ha and form 90% of planted forests. Although radiata pine has naturalized since 1904, there is a general view in New Zealand that this species has not invaded widely. We comprehensively review where radiata pine has invaded throughout New Zealand. We used a combination of observational data and climate niche modelling to reveal that invasion has occurred nationally. Climate niche modelling demonstrates that while current occurrences are patchy, up to 76% of the land area (i.e. 211,388 km2) is climatically capable of supporting populations. Radiata pine has mainly invaded grasslands and shrublands, but also some forests. Notably, it has invaded lower-statured vegetation, including three classes of naturally uncommon ecosystems, primary successions and secondary successions. Overall, our findings demonstrate pervasive and ongoing invasion of radiata pine outside plantations. The relatively high growth rates and per individual effects of radiata pine may result in strong effects on naturally uncommon ecosystems and may alter successional trajectories. Local and central government currently manage radiata pine invasions while propagule pressure from existing and new plantations grows, hence greater emphasis is warranted both on managing current invasions and proactively preventing future radiata pine invasions. We therefore recommend a levy on new non-native conifer plantations to offset costs of managing invasions, and stricter regulations to protect vulnerable ecosystems. A levy on economic uses of invasive species to offset costs of managing invasions alongside stricter regulations to protect vulnerable ecosystems could be a widely adopted measure to avert future negative impacts.
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Granda E, Antunes C, Máguas C, Castro‐Díez P. Water use partitioning of native and non‐native tree species in riparian ecosystems under contrasting climatic conditions. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Granda
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Cristina Antunes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Pilar Castro‐Díez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares Spain
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21
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Khan N, Ullah R, Alamri SS, Alwasel YA, AL-Hashimi A, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Okla MK, AbdElgawad H. Environment-Driven Changes in the Functional Traits of Milk Thistle [ Silybum marianum (L). Gaertn.] Along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Semi-Arid Environment: Perspective on Future Plant Invasion. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897678. [PMID: 35832234 PMCID: PMC9271949 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The elevation is an important gradient across which the environmental variables and plant traits vary and is considered as a barrier to the recent global problem of plant invasion. However, certain invasive plants show plasticity traits to adapt and cope with the changes across the elevation. Silybum marianum (S. marianum) is one such invasive species widely spread in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Therefore, this study investigates the traits plasticity and invasive behaviors of this plant species across the elevation gradient. Plant functional traits (PFTs) and environmental variables were recorded in forty different low, middle, and high elevation sites. The plant shows a decrease in plant functional traits, i.e., above-ground plant height/plant, leaf length/leaf, leaf width/leaf, leaf dry weight/plant, vegetative dry weight/plant, and number of capitula/plant having the significance of p < 0.05. In contrast, the dry reproductive weight does not change significantly with elevation, while the root length increases across the elevation. The soil and environmental variables such as organic matter, lime percentage, and latitude significantly affected the PFTs. The importance value index of the species was also related to elevation and diversity indices, i.e., species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and evenness index, indicating that the invasion has strong effects on diversity. This study concludes that S. marianum has traits plasticity across the elevation and affects community diversity. Further investigation is required to understand the invasion and diversity parameters in a better way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrullah Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Rafi Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Saud S. Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmeen A. Alwasel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman AL-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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22
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Influence of Growing Miscanthus x giganteus on Ecosystem Services of Chernozem. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15114157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper investigates the optimization of ecosystem services of podzolized heavy loamy chernozem (black soil) as a result of the cultivation of the perennial energy culture of Miscanthus x giganteus. The research was conducted on an experimental land plot during 2016–2021. No fertilization was applied to the soil during the experiments, and over the years of research, the growing seasons were accompanied by abnormal droughts, but even under such conditions, the plants of Miscanthus x giganteus gradually increased their yield. At the initial stage of research, in the third year of cultivation, dry biomass of Miscanthus x giganteus was obtained at 14.3 t/ha, in the fourth year–18.6 t/ha, and already in the fifth and sixth years, 21.7 and 24.5 t/ha, respectively. That is, energy-wise, the harvest for the last year was equivalent to 15.9 tons of coal or 12,618 m3 of natural gas. Cultivation of Miscanthus x giganteus on black soil for six years has improved the provision of its ecosystem services, regulation, and ecosystem maintenance services. The possibility of growing perennial energy crops on agricultural soils has been proven by obtaining a significant amount of biomass and a positive phytoremediation effect on the soil by reducing erosion, preserving biodiversity, sequestering carbon, and sustainably improving the ecological situation.
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Abstract
AbstractAn updated checklist of the Calabrian alien vascular flora is presented. By way of field, bibliographic, and herbarium research, we recorded 382 alien taxa (representing almost 14% of all regional flora), of which 371 are angiosperms, nine gymnosperms, and two ferns. In relation to the state of spread, the majority of alien species are casual (207 taxa; 54%), followed by naturalized (127; 33%) and invasive (48; 13%), these last include four on the list of Union Concern, sensu Regulation (EU) no. 1143/2014. The most represented families are Asteraceae (39 taxa) and Poaceae (39). Among genera, Amaranthus (nine taxa), Prunus, Euphorbia, and Oxalis (seven taxa) make up those with the greatest number of taxa. A total of 21 taxa were reported for the first time, three of them are new to the European flora (Camptosema rubicundum, Musa ×paradisiaca and, only for continental Europe, Ipomoea hederacea), two to the Italian peninsula (Pelargonium graveolens, Schinus terebinthifolia) and 16 to the Calabrian flora (Aeonium arboreum, Asparagus asparagoides, Aspidistra elatior, Bidens sulphurea, Catalpa bignonioides, Citrus ×aurantium, Crassula ovata, Cucurbita ficifolia, Dimorphotheca ecklonis, Graptopetalum paraguayense subsp. paraguayense, Kalanchoë laxiflora, Nicotiana tabacum, Phytolacca dioica, Portulaca umbraticola, Talinum paniculatum, Tecomaria capensis). In terms of residence status, there are 291 neophytes (76%), 73 archaeophytes (19%), and 18 regional aliens (5%); neophytes are the most represented group (45 out of 48) among invasive taxa. Concerning life forms, the two most abundant groups are therophytes (30.1%, 115 taxa) and phanerophytes (29.6%, 113 taxa). Regarding habitats, 72% of alien taxa occur in artificial (199 taxa, 52%) and agricultural habitats (75 taxa, 20%). The majority of alien taxa are native to the Americas (159; 41.6%), numerous aliens also originated in Asia (76; 19.9%) and Africa (56; 14.7%). The majority of taxa were introduced for ornamental purposes (55%). Over the past decade, alien taxa in the flora in Calabria have increased from 190 to the current 382 taxa. While this trend could be linked to some extent to increasing awareness of the problem of alien species and the increasing intensity of research over recent decades, it is also most probably due to new introductions resulting from the globalization that relentlessly affects the whole planet.
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24
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Roots of invasive woody plants produce more diverse flavonoids than non-invasive taxa, a global analysis. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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25
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Zhang L, Sun P, Huettmann F, Liu S. Where should China practice forestry in a warming world? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2461-2475. [PMID: 34962005 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a nature-based and cost-effective solution, forestation plays a crucial role in combating global warming, biodiversity collapse, environmental degradation, and global well-being. Although China is acknowledged as a global leader of forestation and has achieved considerable overall success in environmental improvements through mega-forestation programs, many negative effects have also emerged at local scales due to the planting of maladapted tree species. To better help achieve carbon neutrality and the new vision of an ecological civilization, China has committed to further increase forestation. However, where forestation lands and such efforts should really be located is not so well understood yet and agreed upon, especially in the face of rapid climate change. Based on an ensemble-learning machine, we predicted the spatial habitats (ecological niche) of the forest, grassland, shrubland, and desert under present and future climate conditions based on the natural climax vegetation distribution across China. We show that the potential forestation lands are mainly located in eastern China, which is east of the Hu Line (also known as the Heihe-Tengchong Line). Under future climate change, forests will shift substantially in the latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational distribution. Potential forestation lands will increase by 33.1 million hectares through the 2070s, mainly due to the conversions of shrub and grassland to forests along the Hu Line. Our prediction map also indicates that grassland rehabilitation is the universal optimal vegetation restoration strategy in areas west of the Hu Line. This analysis is consistent with much of the observed evidence of forestation failures and recent climate-change-induced forest range shifts. Our results provide an overview and further show the importance of adaptive science-based forestation planning and forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Pengsen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Falk Huettmann
- EWHALE lab-Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology & Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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26
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Hua F, Bruijnzeel LA, Meli P, Martin PA, Zhang J, Nakagawa S, Miao X, Wang W, McEvoy C, Peña-Arancibia JL, Brancalion PHS, Smith P, Edwards DP, Balmford A. The biodiversity and ecosystem service contributions and trade-offs of forest restoration approaches. Science 2022; 376:839-844. [PMID: 35298279 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Forest restoration is being scaled-up globally to deliver critical ecosystem services and biodiversity benefits, yet we lack rigorous comparison of co-benefit delivery across different restoration approaches. In a global synthesis, we use 25,950 matched data pairs from 264 studies in 53 countries to assess how delivery of climate, soil, water, and wood production services as well as biodiversity compares across a range of tree plantations and native forests. Carbon storage, water provisioning, and especially soil erosion control and biodiversity benefits are all delivered better by native forests, with compositionally simpler, younger plantations in drier regions performing particularly poorly. However, plantations exhibit an advantage in wood production. These results underscore important trade-offs among environmental and production goals that policymakers must navigate in meeting forest restoration commitments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Hua
- Institute of Ecology, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
| | - L Adrian Bruijnzeel
- Department of Geography, King's College London, Bush House, London WC2B 4BG, U.K.,Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Paula Meli
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13.418-900, Brazil.,Departmento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Phillip A Martin
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, P. R. China.,Environmental Modelling, Sensing & Analysis, TNO, 1755 LE Petten, Netherlands
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xinran Miao
- Institute of Ecology, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Institute of Ecology, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Christopher McEvoy
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
| | | | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13.418-900, Brazil
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, U.K
| | - David P Edwards
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Andrew Balmford
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
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27
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Seifert T, Teucher M, Ulrich W, Mwania F, Gona F, Habel JC. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions Across an Afro-Tropical Forest Biodiversity Hotspot. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.816163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem functions are important for the resilience of ecosystems and for human livelihood quality. Intact habitats and heterogeneous environments are known to provide a large variety of ecosystem functions. Natural and near natural ecosystems surrounding agroecosystems may positively support crop growing conditions and thus facilitate crop yields. In contrast, monocultures of crops and trees as well as degraded landscapes are known to provide less ecosystem functions. The Taita Hills in southern Kenya are part of the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot, and represent a habitat mosaic consisting of largely intact cloud forests, agroecosystems and plantations of exotic trees. In this region, subsistence farmers rely on ecosystem functions provided by natural ecosystems. In this study, we analyze three proxies of biodiversity and ecosystem functions, namely pollination activity, predation rates, and arthropod diversity in tree canopies. We set study plots along forest-agroecosystem-gradients, covering cloud forest, forest edge and agricultural fields, as well as plantations of exotic trees. We assessed environmental conditions, to evaluate the extent to which local environmental factors influence ecosystem functions. Based on these data we investigate potential spill over of ecosystem functions from forest into adjoining agroecosystems. For predation rates we found trends of spill over effects from forest interior into the agroecosystem. The expression of ecosystem functions differed among habitat types, with comparatively high predation rates in the forest, high pollinator activity in the open agricultural areas, and highest arthropod diversity along the forest edge. Eucalyptus plantations showed reduced ecosystem functions and lowest arthropod diversity. Local factors such as vegetation cover and flower supply positively influence pollinator activity. Our study show that natural ecosystems may positively contribute ecosystem functions such as predation, while the homogenization of biota through planting of invasive exotic tree species significantly reduce biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Transition habitats such as forest margins, and small-scale ecological enhancement positively influences biodiversity and ecosystem functions.
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28
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Kourantidou M, Haubrock PJ, Cuthbert RN, Bodey TW, Lenzner B, Gozlan RE, Nuñez MA, Salles JM, Diagne C, Courchamp F. Invasive alien species as simultaneous benefits and burdens: trends, stakeholder perceptions and management. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02727-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Climate Change Increases the Expansion Risk of Helicoverpa zea in China According to Potential Geographical Distribution Estimation. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13010079. [PMID: 35055922 PMCID: PMC8781938 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Helicoverpa zea is one of the most destructive lepidopteran agricultural pests in the world and can disperse long distances both with and without human transportation. It is listed in the catalog of quarantine pests for plants imported to the People’s Republic of China but has not yet been reported in China. On the basis of 1781 global distribution records of H. zea and eight bioclimatic variables, we predicted the potential geographical distributions (PGDs) of H. zea by using a calibrated MaxEnt model. The results showed that the PGDs of H. zea under the current climate are large in China. Future climate changes under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) 1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 for both the 2030s and 2050s will facilitate the expansion of PGDs for H. zea. Helicoverpa zea has a high capacity for colonization by introduced individuals in China. Customs ports should pay attention to the host plants of H. zea and containers harboring this pest. Abstract Helicoverpa zea, a well-documented and endemic pest throughout most of the Americas, affecting more than 100 species of host plants. It is a quarantine pest according to the Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission (APPPC) and the catalog of quarantine pests for plants imported to the People’s Republic of China. Based on 1781 global distribution records of H. zea and eight bioclimatic variables, the potential geographical distributions (PGDs) of H. zea were predicted by using a calibrated MaxEnt model. The contribution rate of bioclimatic variables and the jackknife method were integrated to assess the significant variables governing the PGDs. The response curves of bioclimatic variables were quantitatively determined to predict the PGDs of H. zea under climate change. The results showed that: (1) four out of the eight variables contributed the most to the model performance, namely, mean diurnal range (bio2), precipitation seasonality (bio15), precipitation of the driest quarter (bio17) and precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio18); (2) PGDs of H. zea under the current climate covered 418.15 × 104 km2, and were large in China; and (3) future climate change will facilitate the expansion of PGDs for H. zea under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) 1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 in both the 2030s and 2050s. The conversion of unsuitable to low suitability habitat and moderately to high suitability habitat increased by 8.43% and 2.35%, respectively. From the present day to the 2030s, under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, the centroid of the suitable habitats of H. zea showed a general tendency to move eastward; from 2030s to the 2050s, under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, it moved southward, and it moved slightly northward under SSP2-4.5. According to bioclimatic conditions, H. zea has a high capacity for colonization by introduced individuals in China. Customs ports should pay attention to host plants and containers of H. zea and should exchange information to strengthen plant quarantine and pest monitoring, thus enhancing target management.
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30
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Fernández N, Fontenla S, Fioroni F, Soto-Mancilla M, Carron A, Moguilevsky D, Marchelli P, Marín C, Mestre MC. Mycorrhizas in Nothofagus From South America: What Do We Know From Nursery and Field Experiences? Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12994-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Bindewald A, Brundu G, Schueler S, Starfinger U, Bauhus J, Lapin K. Site-specific risk assessment enables trade-off analysis of non-native tree species in European forests. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18089-18110. [PMID: 35003660 PMCID: PMC8717284 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-native tree species (NNT) are used in European forestry for many purposes including their growth performance, valuable timber, and resistance to drought and pest or pathogen damage. Yet, cultivating NNT may pose risks to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and the provisioning of ecosystem services, and several NNT have been classified as invasive in Europe. Typically, such classifications are based on risk assessments, which do not adequately consider site-specific variations in impacts of the NNT or the extent of affected areas. Here, we present a new methodological framework that facilitates both mitigating risks associated with NNT and taking advantage of their ecosystem services. The framework is based on a stratified assessment of risks posed by NNT which distinguishes between different sites and considers effectiveness of available management strategies to control negative effects. The method can be applied to NNT that already occur in a given area or those NNT that may establish in future. The framework consists of eight steps and is partly based on existing knowledge. If adequate site-specific knowledge on NNT does not yet exist, new evidence on the risks should be obtained, for example, by collecting and analyzing monitoring data or modeling the potential distribution of NNT. However, limitations remain in the application of this method, and we propose several policy and management recommendations which are required to improve the responsible use of NNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bindewald
- Department of Forest ConservationForest Research Institute of Baden‐Württemberg (FVA)FreiburgGermany
- Chair of SilvicultureUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Giuseppe Brundu
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
| | | | - Uwe Starfinger
- Julius Kühn‐Institut (JKI)Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsBraunschweigGermany
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of SilvicultureUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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32
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Heringer G, Del Bianco Faria L, Villa PM, Araújo AU, Botan ALM, Zenni RD. Urbanization affects the richness of invasive alien trees but has limited influence on species composition. Urban Ecosyst 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-021-01189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Bonnamour A, Gippet JMW, Bertelsmeier C. Insect and plant invasions follow two waves of globalisation. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2418-2426. [PMID: 34420251 PMCID: PMC9290749 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Globalisation has facilitated the spread of alien species, and some of them have significant impacts on biodiversity and human societies. It is commonly thought that biological invasions have accelerated continuously over the last centuries, following increasing global trade. However, the world experienced two distinct waves of globalisation (~1820–1914, 1960‐present), and it remains unclear whether these two waves have influenced invasion dynamics of many species. To test this, we built a statistical model that accounted for temporal variations in sampling effort. We found that insect and plant invasion rates did not continuously increase over the past centuries but greatly fluctuated following the two globalisation waves. Our findings challenge the idea of a continuous acceleration of alien species introductions and highlight the association between temporal variations in trade openness and biological invasion dynamics. More generally, this emphasises the urgency of better understanding the subtleties of socio‐economic drivers to improve predictions of future invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Bonnamour
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme M W Gippet
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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34
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Duboscq-Carra VG, Fernandez RD, Haubrock PJ, Dimarco RD, Angulo E, Ballesteros-Mejia L, Diagne C, Courchamp F, Nuñez MA. Economic impact of invasive alien species in Argentina: a first national synthesis. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.67.63208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Invasive alien species (IAS) affect natural ecosystems and services fundamental to human well-being, human health and economies. However, the economic costs associated with IAS have been less studied than other impacts. This information can be particularly important for developing countries such as Argentina, where monetary resources for invasion management are scarce and economic costs are more impactful. The present study provides the first analysis of the economic cost of IAS in Argentina at the national level, using the InvaCost database (expanded with new data sources in Spanish), the first global compilation of the reported economic costs of invasions. We analyzed the temporal development of invasions costs, distinguishing costs according to the method reliability (i.e. reproducibility of the estimation methodology) and describing the economic costs of invasions by invaded environment, cost type, activity sector affected and taxonomic group of IAS. The total economic cost of IAS in Argentina between 1995 and 2019 was estimated at US$ 6,908 million. All costs were incurred and 93% were highly reliable. The recorded costs were mainly related to terrestrial environments and the agricultural sector, with lack of costs in other sectors, making it difficult to discuss the actual distribution of invasion costs in Argentina. Nevertheless, the reported costs of IAS in this country are very high and yet likely much underestimated due to important data gaps and biases in the literature. Considering that Argentina has an underdeveloped economy, costs associated with biological invasions should be taken into consideration for preventing invasions, and to achieve a more effective use of available resources.
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Heringer G, Angulo E, Ballesteros-Mejia L, Capinha C, Courchamp F, Diagne C, Duboscq-Carra VG, Nuñez MA, Zenni RD. The economic costs of biological invasions in Central and South America: a first regional assessment. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.67.59193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Invasive alien species are responsible for a high economic impact on many sectors worldwide. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies assessing these impacts in Central and South America. Investigating costs of invasions is important to motivate and guide policy responses by increasing stakeholders’ awareness and identifying action priorities. Here, we used the InvaCost database to investigate (i) the geographical pattern of biological invasion costs across the region; (ii) the monetary expenditure across taxa and impacted sectors; and (iii) the taxa responsible for more than 50% of the costs (hyper-costly taxa) per impacted sector and type of costs. The total of reliable and observed costs reported for biological invasions in Central and South America was USD 102.5 billion between 1975 and 2020, but about 90% of the total costs were reported for only three countries (Brazil, Argentina and Colombia). Costs per species were associated with geographical regions (i.e., South America, Central America and Islands) and with the area of the countries in km2. Most of the expenses were associated with damage costs (97.8%), whereas multiple sectors (77.4%), agriculture (15%) and public and social welfare (4.2%) were the most impacted sectors. Aedes spp. was the hyper-costly taxon for the terrestrial environment (costs of USD 25 billion) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was the hyper-costly taxon for the aquatic environment (USD 179.9 million). Six taxa were classified as hyper-costly for at least one impacted sector and two taxa for at least one type of cost. In conclusion, invasive alien species caused billions of dollars of economic burden in Central and South America, mainly in large countries of South America. Costs caused by invasive alien species were unevenly distributed across countries, impacted sectors, types of costs and taxa (hyper-costly taxa). These results suggest that impacted sectors should drive efforts to manage the species that are draining financial sources.
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Castro-Díez P, Alonso Á, Saldaña-López A, Granda E. Effects of widespread non-native trees on regulating ecosystem services. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146141. [PMID: 33711596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tree taxa are often planted beyond their native range to increase the provision of some ecosystem services. Yet, they can disrupt ecosystem processes in their new ranges, causing changes in the provision of other services. Here we review the effects of five widespread tree taxa (Acacia, Ailanthus, Eucalyptus, Pinus and Robinia) on six regulating ecosystem services in areas where they are non-native. We conducted a literature search for pair-wise comparisons between sites dominated by any of the selected taxa and sites with native vegetation. An array of variables were used as indicators for each ecosystem service. Data were analysed using multi-level meta-analyses to compare effects of taxa on each ecosystem service, and effects of the same taxa across contexts. We compiled 857 case studies from 107 source papers. Several taxa tended to increase climate regulation, mostly Eucalyptus. Acacia decreased fire risk prevention. Robinia, Acacia and Ailanthus increased soil fertility, while Eucalyptus and Pinus, tended to decrease it. Soil formation was enhanced by Robinia and Ailanthus. Acacia promoted the increase of water in land pools, while Eucalyptus tended to decrease them. All effects show a large heterogeneity across case studies. Part of this heterogeneity could be attributed to gross climatic differences (i.e. biome), to species differences within each genus, to the structure of the recipient ecosystem, and/or to human management. Managers and policy-makers should consider the context-dependency and the potential effects of non-native trees on a wide range of services to ground their decisions. Our analyses also revealed important gaps of knowledge (e.g. on fire risk prevention, erosion control or water cycle regulation) and some potential publication bias. The methodology used here easily allows for future updates as new information will become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Castro-Díez
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Alonso
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Saldaña-López
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Granda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Kuppler J, Kotowska MM. A meta-analysis of responses in floral traits and flower-visitor interactions to water deficit. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3095-3108. [PMID: 33774883 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in water availability and drought events as predicted by climate change scenarios will increasingly impact natural communities with effects already emerging at present. Water deficit leads to increasing physiological stress in plants, likely affecting floral development and causing changes in floral morphology, nectar and pollen production or scent. Understanding how these floral traits are altered by water deficit is necessary to predict changes in plant-pollinator interactions and how communities are impacted in the future. Here we employ a meta-analysis approach to synthesize the current evidence of experimental water deficit on floral traits and plant-pollinator interactions. Furthermore, we explore experimental factors potentially increasing heterogeneity between studies and provide ideas how to enhance comparability between studies. In the end, we highlight future directions and knowledge gaps for floral traits and plant-pollinator interactions under water deficit. Our analysis showed consistent decreases in floral size, number of flowers and nectar volume to reduced water availability. Other floral traits such as the start of flowering or herkogamy showed no consistent pattern. This indicates that effects of reduced water availability differ between specific traits that are potentially involved in different functions such as pollinator attraction or efficiency. We found no general decreasing visitation rates with water deficit for flower-visitor interactions. Furthermore, the comparison of available studies suggests that increased reporting of plant stress severity and including more hydraulic and physiological measurements will improve the comparability across experiments and aid a more mechanistic understanding of plant-pollinator interactions under altered environmental conditions. Overall, our results show that water deficit has the potential to strongly affect plant-pollinator interactions via changes in specific floral traits. Linking these changes to pollination services and pollinator performance is one crucial step for understanding how changing water availability and drought events under climate change will alter plant and pollinator communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kuppler
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martyna M Kotowska
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Pereira A, Figueiredo A, Ferreira V. Invasive Acacia Tree Species Affect Instream Litter Decomposition Through Changes in Water Nitrogen Concentration and Litter Characteristics. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:257-273. [PMID: 33864129 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-native nitrogen-fixing Acacia species have been invading riparian ecosystems worldwide, potentially threatening stream communities that strongly depend on allochthonous litter. We examined the effects of the invasion of native deciduous temperate forests by Acacia species on litter decomposition and associated fungal decomposers in streams. Litter of native (Alnus glutinosa and Quercus robur) and invasive (Acacia melanoxylon) species were enclosed in fine-mesh bags and immersed in three native and three invaded streams, for 14-98 days. Litter decomposition rates, fungal biomass, and aquatic hyphomycete sporulation rates were higher in invaded than in native streams, likely due to the higher water nitrogen concentration found in invaded streams. Alnus glutinosa litter had higher aquatic hyphomycete sporulation rates and species richness, and higher decomposition rates, probably because they were soft and nitrogen rich. Quercus robur litter also had high aquatic hyphomycete sporulation rates but lower decomposition rates than Al. glutinosa, probably due to high polyphenol concentration and carbon:nitrogen ratio. Acacia melanoxylon litter had lower aquatic hyphomycete sporulation rates and species richness, and lower decomposition rates, most likely because it was very tough. Thus, litter decomposition rates varied in the order: Al. glutinosa > Q. robur > Ac. melanoxylon. The aquatic hyphomycete community structure strongly differed between native and invaded streams, and among litter species, suggesting that microbes were sensitive to water nitrogen concentration and litter characteristics. Overall, increases in water nitrogen concentration and alterations in litter characteristics promoted by the invasion of native riparian forests by Acacia species may affect the activity and community structure of microbial decomposers, and instream litter decomposition, thus altering the functioning of stream ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pereira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Albano Figueiredo
- CEGOT-Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning, Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Coimbra, Largo da Porta Férrea, 3004-530, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Verónica Ferreira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Yletyinen J, Perry GLW, Burge OR, Mason NWH, Stahlmann‐Brown P. Invasion landscapes as social‐ecological systems: Role of social factors in invasive plant species control. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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The Role of Enolases in Allergic Disease. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:3026-3032. [PMID: 33862268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enolase is one of the most abundant cytosolic enzymes as well as an important glycolytic metalloenzyme highly conserved among organisms from different taxonomical groups. Participation of enolase in processes in which its enzymatic activity is not required has been widely reported. Some of these processes provide special qualities to microorganisms, which favor, in some cases, their pathogenicity. Remarkably, enolase has been reported as an allergen by itself, it is well recognized as allergenic in molds and yeasts, whereas it has also been recognized by the immune system of susceptible individuals acting as a food and inhaled allergen from other diverse sources such as insects, birds, fishes, and plants. To date, 14 enolases have been officially recognized by the World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies Allergen Nomenclature Subcommittee. The use of discovery proteomics has also uncovered novel allergenic enolases, particularly from pollen sources. Here, we review the relevance of enolases as sensitizers and as nonsensitizing cross-reactive allergens in allergic disease.
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Milanović M, Kühn I, Pyšek P, Knapp S. Functional diversity changes in native and alien urban flora over three centuries. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAlien species in urban areas have a large effect on overall species diversity. A suitable metric of flora’s response to environmental change is functional diversity (FD) that refers to the multivariate space of species’ trait compositions, reflecting their ecological niches. We studied how FD changed over 320 years of urbanization in the city of Halle (Saale), Germany. Selected functional traits (related to stress-tolerance, reproduction, competitiveness and phenology) were examined for the difference in FD between native and alien plant species, the latter specifically for archaeophytes, neophytes and invasive species. Functional diversity for each trait was calculated using Rao’s Q index followed by a linear model to test for changes in Rao’s Q over time between the groups. Over the 320 years, overall FD remained constant despite species turnover, but FD significantly increased for neophytes and invasive species compared to native species. Plant height was the only trait showing increase in FD as main effect, while for the other traits examined FD decreased over time. Considering invasive species separately, the majority of traits exhibit a significant increase in FD except for seed mass where it decreased. Finally, FD of multiple functional traits combined decreased over time. This can be due to homogenization of functional trait between native and alien species, as a consequence of habitats becoming more similar and subsequent habitat filtering. Our results demonstrate that during the last three centuries, urbanization influenced plant FD in various ways and may contribute to future uniformity of urban floras and greater invasiveness.
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Wendlandt CE, Helliwell E, Roberts M, Nguyen KT, Friesen ML, von Wettberg E, Price P, Griffitts JS, Porter SS. Decreased coevolutionary potential and increased symbiont fecundity during the biological invasion of a legume-rhizobium mutualism. Evolution 2021; 75:731-747. [PMID: 33433925 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although most invasive species engage in mutualism, we know little about how mutualism evolves as partners colonize novel environments. Selection on cooperation and standing genetic variation for mutualism traits may differ between a mutualism's invaded and native ranges, which could alter cooperation and coevolutionary dynamics. To test for such differences, we compare mutualism traits between invaded- and native-range host-symbiont genotype combinations of the weedy legume, Medicago polymorpha, and its nitrogen-fixing rhizobium symbiont, Ensifer medicae, which have coinvaded North America. We find that mutualism benefits for plants are indistinguishable between invaded- and native-range symbioses. However, rhizobia gain greater fitness from invaded-range mutualisms than from native-range mutualisms, and this enhancement of symbiont fecundity could increase the mutualism's spread by increasing symbiont availability during plant colonization. Furthermore, mutualism traits in invaded-range symbioses show lower genetic variance and a simpler partitioning of genetic variance between host and symbiont sources, compared to native-range symbioses. This suggests that biological invasion has reduced mutualists' potential to respond to coevolutionary selection. Additionally, rhizobia bearing a locus (hrrP) that can enhance symbiotic fitness have more exploitative phenotypes in invaded-range than in native-range symbioses. These findings highlight the impacts of biological invasion on the evolution of mutualistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille E Wendlandt
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington
| | - Emily Helliwell
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington
| | - Miles Roberts
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington
| | - Kyle T Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington
| | - Maren L Friesen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Eric von Wettberg
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Gund Institute for the Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Paul Price
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan
| | - Joel S Griffitts
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Stephanie S Porter
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington
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Ferreira V, Figueiredo A, Graça MAS, Marchante E, Pereira A. Invasion of temperate deciduous broadleaf forests by N-fixing tree species - consequences for stream ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:877-902. [PMID: 33426804 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Forest invasion by alien woody species can have cross-ecosystem effects. This is especially relevant in the case of stream-riparian forest meta-ecosystems as forest streams depend strongly on riparian vegetation for carbon, nutrients and energy. Forest invasion by woody species with dissimilar characteristics from native species may be particularly troublesome. The invasion of temperate deciduous broadleaf forests with low representation of nitrogen (N)-fixing species by N-fixers has the potential to induce ecosystem changes at the stream level. Although effects of tree invasion on stream ecosystems have been under assessed, knowledge of native and invasive tree characteristics allows prediction of invasion effects on streams. Here we present a conceptual model to predict the effects of forest invasion by alien N-fixing species on streams, using as a background the invasion of temperate deciduous broadleaf forests by leguminous Acacia species, which are among the most aggressive invaders worldwide. Effects are discussed using a trait-based approach to allow the model to be applied to other pairs of invaded ecosystem-invasive species, taking into account differences in species traits and environmental conditions. Anticipated effects of N-fixing species invasions include changes in water quality (increase in N concentration) and quantity (decrease in flow) and changes in litter input characteristics (altered diversity, seasonality, typology, quantity and quality). The magnitude of these changes will depend on the magnitude of differences in species traits, the extent and duration of the invasion and stream characteristics (e.g. basal nutrient concentration). The extensive literature on effects of nutrient enrichment of stream water, water scarcity and changes in litter input characteristics on aquatic communities and processes allows prediction of invasion effects on stream structure and function. The magnitude of invasion effects on aquatic communities and processes may, however, depend on interactions among different pathways (e.g. effects mediated by increases in stream nutrient concentration may contrast with those mediated by decreases in water availability or by decreases in litter nutritional quality). A review of the literature addressing effects of increasing cover of N-fixing species on streams suggests a wide application of the model, while it highlights the need to consider differences in the type of system and species when making generalizations. Changes induced by N-fixing species invasion on streams can jeopardize multiple ecosystem services (e.g. good quality water, hydroelectricity, leisure activities), with relevant social and economic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ferreira
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Albano Figueiredo
- Department of Geography and Tourism, CEGOT - Centre for Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Coimbra, Largo da Porta Férrea, 3004-530, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel A S Graça
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elizabete Marchante
- Department of Life Sciences, CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Hereş AM, Petritan IC, Bigler C, Curtu AL, Petrea Ş, Petritan AM, Polanco-Martínez JM, Rigling A, Curiel Yuste J. Legacies of past forest management determine current responses to severe drought events of conifer species in the Romanian Carpathians. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141851. [PMID: 32898748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide increases in droughts- and heat-waves-associated tree mortality events are destabilizing the future of many forests and the ecosystem services they provide. Along with climate, understanding the impact of the legacies of past forest management is key to better explain current responses of different tree species to climate change. We studied tree mortality events that peaked in 2012 affecting one native (silver fir; growing within its natural distribution range) and two introduced (black pine and Scots; growing outside their natural distribution range) conifer species from the Romanian Carpathians. The three conifers were compared in terms of mortality events, growth trends, growth resilience to severe drought events, climate-growth relationships, and regeneration patterns. The mortality rates of the three species were found to be associated with severe drought events. Nevertheless, the native silver fir seems to undergo a self-thinning process, while the future of the remaining living black pine and Scots pine trees is uncertain as they register significant negative growth trends. Overall, the native silver fir showed a higher resilience to severe drought events than the two introduced pine species. Furthermore, and unlike the native silver fir, black pine and Scots pine species do not successfully regenerate. A high diversity of native broadleaf species sprouts and develops instead under them suggesting that we might be witnessing a process of ecological succession, with broadleaves recovering their habitats. As native species seem to perform better in terms of resilience and regeneration than introduced species, the overall effect of the black pine and Scots pine mortality might be compensated. Legacies of past forest management should be taken into account in order to better understand current responses of different tree species to ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Hereş
- Department of Forest Sciences, Transilvania University of Braşov, Sirul Beethoven -1, 500123 Braşov, Romania; BC3 - Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Ion Catalin Petritan
- Department of Forest Sciences, Transilvania University of Braşov, Sirul Beethoven -1, 500123 Braşov, Romania.
| | - Christof Bigler
- Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandru Lucian Curtu
- Department of Forest Sciences, Transilvania University of Braşov, Sirul Beethoven -1, 500123 Braşov, Romania
| | - Ştefan Petrea
- Department of Forest Sciences, Transilvania University of Braşov, Sirul Beethoven -1, 500123 Braşov, Romania
| | - Any Mary Petritan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea", Voluntari, Romania
| | - Josué M Polanco-Martínez
- DeustoTech - Deusto Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jorge Curiel Yuste
- BC3 - Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Moshobane MC, Bertero A, Marks C, Stephen C, Mothapo NP, Middleton L, Caloni F. Plants and mushrooms associated with animal poisoning incidents in South Africa. Vet Rec Open 2020; 7:e000402. [PMID: 33262890 PMCID: PMC7678378 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2020-000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is extensive literature on animal poisoning from plants and mushrooms worldwide; however, there is limited account of poisoning from South Africa. Methods This study sought to describe and provide an overview of animal poison exposures in South Africa. Poisoning episodes reported to the Poisons Information Helpline of the Western Cape, jointly run by the Poisons Information Centres at the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital and Tygerberg Hospital over a period of approximately 2.5 years, from June 2015 to November 2017, were analysed to identify exposure patterns, severity and clinical outcomes. Results Alien plant species accounted for most cases (n=10) of reported poison exposures. Among the 26 recorded animal poisoning episodes, the dog was the most commonly implicated species (n=24), whereas just two enquiries were related to other animals (one rabbit and one cow). There were 20 plant cases and 6 mushroom cases (all dogs). There was only one fatal case involving cycad in a dog. Conclusion Features of animal poisoning in South Africa were similar to those in other countries. The reported cases of animals exposed to poisonous plants and mushrooms could represent only a fraction of the actual exposures. Since most reported cases involved taxa that could not be identified to species level, more attention should be paid in case reporting and in animal poisoning prevention, engaging the public to enable people to recognise potentially hazardous plants and reduce the risk of poisoning in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moleseng Claude Moshobane
- Department of Biological Invasions, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.,Department of Biology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Alessia Bertero
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carine Marks
- Tygerberg Poisons Information Centre, Division Clinical Pharmacology, Stellenbosch University - Tygerberg Campus, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Cindy Stephen
- Poisons Information Centre, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Natasha Palesa Mothapo
- Division for Research and Development, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Lorraine Middleton
- Department of Biology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
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García C, Espelta JM, Hampe A. Managing forest regeneration and expansion at a time of unprecedented global change. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science (IVES) Liverpool UK
- CIBIO/InBIO Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Josep María Espelta
- CREAFBellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
| | - Arndt Hampe
- INRAEUniversity of BordeauxBIOGECO Cestas France
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Lazzaro L, Bolpagni R, Buffa G, Gentili R, Lonati M, Stinca A, Acosta ATR, Adorni M, Aleffi M, Allegrezza M, Angiolini C, Assini S, Bagella S, Bonari G, Bovio M, Bracco F, Brundu G, Caccianiga M, Carnevali L, Di Cecco V, Ceschin S, Ciaschetti G, Cogoni A, Foggi B, Frattaroli AR, Genovesi P, Gigante D, Lucchese F, Mainetti A, Mariotti M, Minissale P, Paura B, Pellizzari M, Perrino EV, Pirone G, Poggio L, Poldini L, Poponessi S, Prisco I, Prosser F, Puglisi M, Rosati L, Selvaggi A, Sottovia L, Spampinato G, Stanisci A, Venanzoni R, Viciani D, Vidali M, Villani M, Lastrucci L. Impact of invasive alien plants on native plant communities and Natura 2000 habitats: State of the art, gap analysis and perspectives in Italy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 274:111140. [PMID: 32795814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Invasive alien plants are a major threat to biodiversity and they contribute to the unfavourable conservation status of habitats of interest to the European Community. In order to favour implementation of European Union Regulation no. 1143/2014 on invasive alien species, the Italian Society of Vegetation Science carried out a large survey led by a task force of 49 contributors with expertise in vegetation across all the Italian administrative regions. The survey summed up the knowledge on impact mechanisms of invasive alien plants in Italy and their outcomes on plant communities and the EU habitats of Community Interest, in accordance with Directive no. 92/43/EEC. The survey covered 241 alien plant species reported as having deleterious ecological impacts. The data collected illustrate the current state of the art, highlight the main gaps in knowledge, and suggest topics to be further investigated. In particular, the survey underlined competition as being the main mechanism of ecological impact on plant communities and Natura 2000 habitats. Of the 241 species, only Ailanthus altissima was found to exert an ecological impact on plant communities and Natura 2000 habitats in all Italian regions; while a further 20 species impact up to ten out of the 20 Italian administrative regions. Our data indicate that 84 out of 132 Natura 2000 Habitats (64%) are subjected to some degree of impact by invasive alien plants. Freshwater habitats and natural and semi-natural grassland formations were impacted by the highest number of alien species, followed by coastal sand dunes and inland dunes, and forests. Although not exhaustive, this research is the first example of nationwide evaluation of the ecological impacts of invasive alien plants on plant communities and Natura 2000 Habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lazzaro
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, I-50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Rossano Bolpagni
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriella Buffa
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, I-30172, Venezia, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Gentili
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, I-20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Lonati
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Adriano Stinca
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via A. Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Alicia Teresa Rosario Acosta
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Adorni
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Via degli Alpini 7, I-43037, Lesignano de' Bagni (PR), Italy
| | - Michele Aleffi
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity & Ecosystems Management Unit, Bryology Laboratory & Herbarium, University of Camerino, Via Pontoni 5, I-62032, Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Marina Allegrezza
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudia Angiolini
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Assini
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bagella
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Bonari
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università, 5, I-39100, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bovio
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Comitato Scientifico, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali "Efisio Noussan", Loc. Tache, I-11010, Saint-Pierre (AO), Italy
| | - Francesco Bracco
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Brundu
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucilla Carnevali
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via V. Brancati 60, I-00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Valter Di Cecco
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Ceschin
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ciaschetti
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Majella National Park, via Badia 28, I-67039, Sulmona (AQ), Italy
| | - Annalena Cogoni
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany section, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio 13, I-09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Bruno Foggi
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, I-50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Frattaroli
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Piero Genovesi
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via V. Brancati 60, I-00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Gigante
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno 74, I-06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fernando Lucchese
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mainetti
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Mauro Mariotti
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, I-16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Pietro Minissale
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via A. Longo 19, I-95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Bruno Paura
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences, via De Sanctis snc, I-86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mauro Pellizzari
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Istituto Comprensivo "Bentivoglio", Via Salvo D'Acquisto 5/7, I-44028, Poggio Renatico (FE), Italy
| | - Enrico Vito Perrino
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; CIHEAM, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie 9, I-70010, Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pirone
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Poggio
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Scientific Research and Biodiversity Service, Gran Paradiso National Park, Fraz. Valnontey 44, I-11012, Cogne (AO), Italy
| | - Livio Poldini
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Gorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Poponessi
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico, via del Giochetto 6, Ed. A, I-06126 Perugia Italy
| | - Irene Prisco
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Filippo Prosser
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto, Largo S. Caterina 41, I-38068, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - Marta Puglisi
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via A. Longo 19, I-95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Leonardo Rosati
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Alberto Selvaggi
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Istituto per le Piante da Legno e l'Ambiente, Corso Casale 476, I-10132, Torino, Italy
| | - Lucio Sottovia
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Ufficio Biodiversità e Rete Natura 2000, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Via R. Guardini 75, I-38121, Trento, Italy
| | - Giovanni Spampinato
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, I-89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Angela Stanisci
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, via Duca degli Abruzzi s.n.c., I-86039, Termoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico, via del Giochetto 6, Ed. A, I-06126 Perugia Italy
| | - Daniele Viciani
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, I-50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marisa Vidali
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Gorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Villani
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; Botanical Garden of Padua, University of Padua, Via Orto Botanico 15, I-35121. Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lastrucci
- Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV), Via Scopoli 22-24, I-27100, Pavia, Italy; University Museum System, Natural History Museum of the University of Florence, Botany, Via G. La Pira 4, I-50121, Florence, Italy
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Vimercati G, Kumschick S, Probert AF, Volery L, Bacher S. The importance of assessing positive and beneficial impacts of alien species. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.52793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Extensive literature is available on the diversity and magnitude of impacts that alien species cause on recipient systems. Alien species may decrease or increase attributes of ecosystems (e.g. total biomass or species diversity), thus causing negative and positive environmental impacts. Alien species may also negatively or positively impact attributes linked to local human communities (e.g. the number of people involved in a given activity). Ethical and societal values contribute to define these environmental and socio-economic impacts as deleterious or beneficial. Whilst most of the literature focuses on the deleterious effects of alien taxa, some recognise their beneficial impacts on ecosystems and human activities. Impact assessment frameworks show a similar tendency to evaluate mainly deleterious impacts: only relatively few, and not widely applied, frameworks incorporate the beneficial impacts of alien species. Here, we provide a summary of the frameworks assessing beneficial impacts and briefly discuss why they might have been less frequently cited and applied than frameworks assessing exclusively deleterious impacts. Then, we review arguments that invoke a greater consideration of positive and beneficial impacts caused by alien species across the invasion science literature. We collate and describe arguments from a set of 47 papers, grouping them in two categories (value-free and value-laden), which span from a theoretical, basic science perspective to an applied science perspective. We also provide example cases associated with each argument. We advocate that the development of transparent and evidence-based frameworks assessing positive and beneficial impacts might advance our scientific understanding of impact dynamics and better inform management and prioritisation decisions. We also advise that this development should be achieved by recognising the underlying ethical and societal values of the frameworks and their intrinsic limitations. The evaluation of positive and beneficial impacts through impact assessment frameworks should not be seen as an attempt to outweigh or to discount deleterious impacts of alien taxa but rather as an opportunity to provide additional information for scientists, managers and policymakers.
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