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Lin C, Ren X, Dai M, Wu Y, Pan L, Song Y, Cen Y, Fan Q, Xie C, Shao J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Luo J. Prevalence and associated factors of adolescent psychological abuse, neglect in Western China a multi-center cross-sectional study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2382651. [PMID: 39051621 PMCID: PMC11275532 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2382651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The western region of China has a dense population, relatively underdeveloped economy, and a significant number of left-behind children. Currently, the prevalence of adolescent psychological abuse, neglect, and the factors associated with these issues in the region remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the current status of adolescent psychological abuse and neglect and its associated factors in this region.Methods: Data were collected from 50 schools in western China through cluster sampling to target adolescents aged 12 to 18. A comprehensive survey form was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics of adolescents. The Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale was employed to assess the current psychological abuse and neglect of adolescents. Independent samples t-tests were used for inter-group comparisons. A Directed Acyclic Graph was constructed for controlling confounding variables. Subsequently, binary logistic regression analysis was performed, and a nomogram risk factors model was developed using R Studio.Results: This study included 12,743 teenagers, with an average age of 15.53(±1.39) years. Among them, 4,965 individuals, accounting for 39.0%, reported experiences of psychological abuse, while 4,167 individuals, accounting for 32.7%, reported experiences of neglect. The rates of psychological abuse and neglect in adolescents are influenced by gender, grade, left-behind experience, parental marital status, and living on campus (P < .05).Conclusion: Adolescents in western China exhibit higher rates of psychological abuse and neglect compared to those in the eastern and northern regions of China. Gender, grade, left-behind experience, and family factors significantly influence the psychological abuse and neglect of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Lin
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Ren
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqin Dai
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Wu
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Pan
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Song
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Cen
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Fan
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cailin Xie
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Shao
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Luo
- Mental Health Center, Afffliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, People’s Republic of China
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Dai X, Lu S, Sullivan AA, Hu H. "All you need is compassion?" a latent profile analysis of neglect and self-compassion on child mental health. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:799-807. [PMID: 39029682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglect is a common form of child maltreatment and profoundly affects children's mental health globally. Self-compassion may help children cope with neglect but the role of self-compassion in neglect context has been understudied. This study identifies distinct patterns of self-compassion and child neglect and explores how neglect and self-compassion profiles correlate with child mental health. METHODS The sample includes 3342 children aged 8-16 (49.6 % female) from a national survey of 29 provinces in China using a multistage sampling method. We used latent profile analysis to identify distinct profiles of self-compassion and neglect and examine their combined effects on child mental health, including both positive indicators (hope, resilience) and negative indicators (anxiety, depression, academic burnout, and peer problems). RESULTS We identified four neglect/self-compassion profiles: Adaptable Self-Carers (average neglect/high self-compassion), Vulnerable Languishers (high neglect/low self-compassion), Stable Self-Soothers (low neglect/average self-compassion), and Opportune Thrivers (low neglect/high self-compassion). The Vulnerable Languishers group exhibited the poorest mental health outcomes, whereas the Opportune Thrivers showed the best outcomes. Adaptable Self-Carers, although experiencing more neglect than Stable Self-Soothers, had better mental health than the latter, possibly due to their greater self-compassion. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design limits our ability to determine causality, and the use of self-reported measures increases response bias risk. CONCLUSIONS More self-compassion and less neglect are associated with more positive mental health outcomes. Moreover, self-compassion is a potential protective factor against the adverse effects of neglect on child mental health. Fostering self-compassion may boost positive adjustment in children who have experienced neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Dai
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Department of Social Work, 15 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Shuang Lu
- University of Central Florida, School of Social Work, 12805 Pegasus Dr, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Alfred Sullivan
- University of Central Florida, School of Public Administration, 500 W. Livingston St, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Hongwei Hu
- Renmin University of China, School of Public Administration and Policy, Qiushi Building, 59 Zhongguancun St, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Trujillo-Llano C, Sainz-Ballesteros A, Suarez-Ardila F, Gonzalez-Gadea ML, Ibáñez A, Herrera E, Baez S. Neuroanatomical markers of social cognition in neglected adolescents. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 31:100642. [PMID: 38800539 PMCID: PMC11127280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing up in neglectful households can impact multiple aspects of social cognition. However, research on neglect's effects on social cognition processes and their neuroanatomical correlates during adolescence is scarce. Here, we aimed to comprehensively assess social cognition processes (recognition of basic and contextual emotions, theory of mind, the experience of envy and Schadenfreude and empathy for pain) and their structural brain correlates in adolescents with legal neglect records within family-based care. First, we compared neglected adolescents (n = 27) with control participants (n = 25) on context-sensitive social cognition tasks while controlling for physical and emotional abuse and executive and intellectual functioning. Additionally, we explored the grey matter correlates of these domains through voxel-based morphometry. Compared to controls, neglected adolescents exhibited lower performance in contextual emotional recognition and theory of mind, higher levels of envy and Schadenfreude and diminished empathy. Physical and emotional abuse and executive or intellectual functioning did not explain these effects. Moreover, social cognition scores correlated with brain volumes in regions subserving social cognition and emotional processing. Our results underscore the potential impact of neglect on different aspects of social cognition during adolescence, emphasizing the necessity for preventive and intervention strategies to address these deficits in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Trujillo-Llano
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Agustín Sainz-Ballesteros
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - María Luz Gonzalez-Gadea
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eduar Herrera
- Universidad Icesi, Departamento de Estudios Psicológicos, Cali, Colombia
| | - Sandra Baez
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Simon E, Raats M, Erens B. Neglecting the impact of childhood neglect: A scoping review of the relation between child neglect and emotion regulation in adulthood. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 153:106802. [PMID: 38733836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood neglect, a prevalent form of child abuse, has significant short-term and long-term consequences on mental health. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of existing evidence on childhood neglect in relation to emotion regulation in adulthood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were not individually evaluated but we provided future directions for research based on the overview of studies. METHODS A systematic search strategy was conducted, resulting in the analysis of 25 selected articles. We performed an inventory of existing evidence to identify knowledge gaps. RESULTS The review identified the need for future research to differentiate neglect from other forms of child abuse. Longitudinal studies tracking individuals from childhood to adulthood are recommended to understand developmental trajectories and continuity. Diverse samples, with various ages, genders, and (socio-economic) backgrounds, should be included for enhanced generalizability. Geographical representation should be expanded to capture cultural variations in the association between neglect and adult emotion regulation. Furthermore, investigating other psychopathologies beyond depression in relation to neglect and emotion regulation is suggested. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this scoping review highlights the limited knowledge regarding the link between childhood neglect and adult emotion regulation and provides valuable recommendations for advancing research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellin Simon
- Open University of the Netherlands, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Brenda Erens
- Open University of the Netherlands, the Netherlands
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5
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Beyazit U, Yurdakul Y, Ayhan AB. The mediating role of trait emotional intelligence in the relationship between parental neglect and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:314. [PMID: 38816746 PMCID: PMC11140952 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examining children's abilities to recognize and regulate their emotions in the context of parental neglect is of significant importance in order to comprehend the dynamics of and to support the development of emotional skills of children, particularly those at risk of neglect. From this point of view, the aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) in the relationship between parental neglect and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) in children. METHOD The study group consisted of 265 children (135 girls and 130 boys) who were attending two separate primary schools in the city center of Antalya, Turkey. The mean age of the children was 10.27 ± 0.45. As the data gathering instruments, an "Individual Information Form" was administered to assess the socio-demographic information of the children, while the "Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale-Child Report was administered to examine the level of neglect of children by the parents, the "Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Child Form" was administered to assess the trait emotional intelligence level, and the "Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies for Children Scale" was administered to assess the CERS of the children. RESULT It was found that trait EI played a full mediator role in the relationship between CERS and both maternal and paternal neglect (p < .05), except for the relationship between paternal neglect and maladaptive CERS (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS The results may suggest that neglected children use all emotion regulation skills, including both adaptive and maladaptive, to cope with their negative emotional experience, but may use adaptive CERS more if their trait EI is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Beyazit
- Kumluca Health Sciences Faculty, Child Development Department, Akdeniz University, Temel Eğitim Mah. Spor Cad. No: 14, Kumluca, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Yeşim Yurdakul
- Kumluca Health Sciences Faculty, Child Development Department, Akdeniz University, Temel Eğitim Mah. Spor Cad. No: 14, Kumluca, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aynur Bütün Ayhan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Child Development Department, Ankara University, Tepebaşı, Fatih Cd. No:197/A, Keçiören, Ankara, PK: 06290, Turkey
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Yoon S, Maguire-Jack K, Ploss A, Benavidez JL, Chang Y. Contextual factors of child behavioral health across developmental stages. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:660-673. [PMID: 36734228 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relative influence of environmental contexts (family, school, neighborhood) on child behavioral health at ages 3, 5, 9, and 15 years. Path analysis was conducted on a sample of 4,898 urban children from a longitudinal dataset called the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Child physical abuse, emotional abuse, maternal depression, substance use, neighborhood social cohesion, neighborhood poverty, school connectedness, and peer bullying had concurrent relationships with child behavior problems at one or more developmental stages. Early childhood abuse (age 3) and school age environmental contexts (age 9) had lasting effects on later behavior problems. Findings underscore the importance of both multilevel contextual factors and developmental timing in determining behavioral health outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Alexa Ploss
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Yujeong Chang
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Andreo-Jover J, Curto Ramos J, Bobes J, Bravo-Ortiz M, Cebria AI, Crespo-Facorro B, De la Torre-Luque A, Díaz-Marsa M, Fernández-Rodrigues V, Garrido-Torres N, Grande I, López Peña MP, Pemau A, Roberto N, Ruiz-Veguilla M, Saiz P, Rodríguez-Vega B, Pérez-Sola V. The mediating role of reflective functioning in the association between childhood trauma and suicide attempt. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 171:30-37. [PMID: 38241967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is intimately related with suicidal behaviour. Patients who have suffered childhood trauma develop impaired Reflective Functioning (RF), which refers to the capacity to understand ourselves and others in terms of intentional mental states. An improvement in RF has been associated with a reduction in suicidal attempts, but the mediating role of RF between childhood trauma and suicidal behaviour has not been addressed so far. OBJECTIVE We aim to examine the potential mediating effect of RF among childhood trauma and suicide attempts. METHOD We included 748 patients who had attempted suicide at least once. They were asked to complete the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8), the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating scale (CSSRS), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). We conducted linear regressions by simple mediating model to examine the role of RF in the indirect association between childhood trauma and the number of suicide attempts. RESULTS Our results show significant indirect effects through hypo and hypermentalizing between Emotional Abuse (EA) and Sexual Abuse (SA) in childhood and the number of suicide attempts in lifetime. These results indicate that ineffective RF significantly mediates the association between childhood trauma and suicidality. CONCLUSION This is the first study supporting the mediational role of RF in the relationship between EA and SA, and the number of suicide attempt in lifetime. These findings have important implications for reducing suicide rates and preventing future re-attempts. Further studies analysing this mediating role and focusing efforts on increasing RF-based interventions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andreo-Jover
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Curto Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Spain; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Bravo-Ortiz
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| | | | - B Crespo-Facorro
- Hospital Virgen del Rocio/IBIS, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - A De la Torre-Luque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - V Fernández-Rodrigues
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - N Garrido-Torres
- Hospital Virgen del Rocio/IBIS, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Grande
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | | | - A Pemau
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - N Roberto
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - M Ruiz-Veguilla
- Hospital Virgen del Rocio/IBIS, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Saiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Spain; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - B Rodríguez-Vega
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Pérez-Sola
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
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Dubé C, Morin AJS, Olivier E, Tóth-Király I, Tracey D, Craven RG, Maïano C. Longitudinal Associations Between Relationship Quality and Depression Among Youth with Intellectual Disabilities: A Latent Change Perspective. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:673-690. [PMID: 36436145 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates associations between initial levels and change in the quality of the relationships youth with intellectual disabilities (ID) share with their parents and teachers, and changes in their levels of depression over time. A sample of 395 youth with mild (48.3%) and moderate (51.7%) ID, aged between 11 and 22 (M = 15.69), were recruited in Canada (n = 142) and Australia (n = 253). Youth completed self-report measures of relationship quality and depression twice over a one-year period. Initial levels of warmth (β = - .109) and conflict (β = - .302) predicted decreases in depression. Increases in warmth predicted decreases in depression (β = - .179), while increases in conflict predicted increases in depression (β = .268). Discrepancies between youth relationships with their parents and teachers predicted decreases in depression (βwarmth = - .732; βconflict = - .608).
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Affiliation(s)
- Céleste Dubé
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Alexandre J S Morin
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Olivier
- Département de psychopédagogie et d'andragogie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - István Tóth-Király
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Danielle Tracey
- School of Education, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rhonda G Craven
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO|Campus de Saint-Jérôme), Saint-Jérome, Canada
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Xiao Z, Murat Baldwin M, Wong SC, Obsuth I, Meinck F, Murray AL. The Impact of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment on Mental Health Outcomes in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3049-3064. [PMID: 36123796 PMCID: PMC10594835 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221122816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Childhood emotional abuse (CEA) and childhood emotional neglect (CEN) are the least well-studied forms of childhood maltreatment due to challenges in their definition and in detection. However, the available evidence suggests associations with multiple adulthood mental health problems in clinical and non-clinical populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD42020197833) explored the associations between CEA and CEN and a range of adulthood mental health problems based on systematic searches of eight databases. In total, 79 English and 11 Chinese studies met our inclusion criteria. Results suggested that CEA and CEN had positive associations with various adulthood mental health problems (d = 0.02-1.84), including depression, anxiety, substance abuse, suicidal ideation or attempts, personality disorders, eating disorders, and other psychological symptoms in the general population and across different geographic regions. Furthermore, findings suggested that compared with the non-clinical population, individuals in clinical populations were more likely to have experienced emotional abuse and neglect during childhood. The review highlights the need for more research on emotional abuse and emotional neglect. Furthermore, future research should include more populations from non-western countries and non-college populations. They further underline the importance of addressing issues related to CEA/CEN experiences in the prevention and treatment of mental health issues in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Franziska Meinck
- University of Edinburgh, UK
- North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Bassi G, Mancinelli E, Salcuni S, Gori A, Musetti A. Failure in reflective functioning as a key factor in the association between problematic social networking sites use, attachment and childhood maltreatment: A network analysis approach on gender differences. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37791536 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Following a network analysis approach, the present study aims to explore the pattern of mutual relationships between failure in reflective functioning (RF) - defined as hypomentalization - problematic social networking sites use (PSNSU), attachment anxiety and avoidance, and childhood maltreatment among emerging adults, with a focus on gender differences. The study sample comprises N = 1,614 emerging adults (Mage = 23.84; SD = 3.21; 50% identified themselves as women) who completed online self-assessment measures. Results showed significantly greater PSNSU, hypomentalization, childhood emotional abuse, and both attachment avoidance and anxiety among women. Indeed, within the network analysis, performed separately for men and women, network-specific associative patterns were observed; yet also similarities have emerged. Within the women's network, differently from males, attachment avoidance connects, through attachment anxiety, to emotional abuse, mood modification related to PSNSU, and hypomentalization. Nonetheless, hypomentalization was central in both networks, functioning as a hub between attachment anxiety, the PSNSU cluster, and the childhood maltreatment cluster. These results shed light on the use of social network sites as a potential maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, particularly among women. In this regard, the role of RF should be considered as a key treatment target to reduce PSNSU and support the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bassi
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Mancinelli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Digital Health Lab, Centre for Digital Health and Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Salcuni
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Dube SR, Li ET, Fiorini G, Lin C, Singh N, Khamisa K, McGowan J, Fonagy P. Childhood verbal abuse as a child maltreatment subtype: A systematic review of the current evidence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106394. [PMID: 37586139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the prevalence of childhood emotional abuse has surpassed other forms of maltreatment. Childhood verbal abuse (CVA) is a key attribute of emotional abuse, yet CVA is not recognized as its own form of maltreatment and thus, has not received adequate attention. Clear terminology, definitions, and measures are needed to aid in assessing the occurrence and impact of CVA for its recognition and prevention. OBJECTIVE We aim to synthesize the evidence on the terms, definitions, and measurements of CVA and identify outcomes associated with CVA. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A systematic review focused on adult perpetration of CVA among children and adolescents using clinical, community-based, and population-based samples. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed and four databases were utilized in May 2022: PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ProQuest. A total of 149 quantitative and 17 qualitative studies were identified. RESULTS Across studies reviewed, the most common perpetrators of CVA were parents, mothers, and teachers. Definitional themes for CVA included negative speech volume, tone, and speech content, and their immediate impact. The most frequent measures cited were Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (ACE) Questionnaire and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS); 50 % used self-created measures. CVA was associated with a range of internalizing and externalizing outcomes across the lifespan. CONCLUSIONS Recognizing CVA as a form of maltreatment will be a starting point for its identification and prevention. Primary prevention of CVA using trauma-informed approaches must include adult training on the importance of safety, support, and nurturance during verbal communication with children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta R Dube
- Director, Department of Public Health, Master of Public Health Program, Levine College of Health Sciences, Wingate University, Wingate, NC, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth T Li
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme Fiorini
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caleb Lin
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikita Singh
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kumayl Khamisa
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer McGowan
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Scharpf F, Kızıltepe R, Kirika A, Hecker T. A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Correlates of Emotional Violence by Teachers. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2581-2597. [PMID: 35583121 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the deleterious impact of emotional violence on children`s well-being and development. This systematic review focused on a) the prevalence and (b) correlates of emotional violence by teachers. A literature search of quantitative and peer-reviewed studies published in English between 1980 and April 2021 was conducted. Eighty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies represented all geographical regions of the world, were predominantly cross-sectional and of moderate quality. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of their samples, conceptualization, and measurement of emotional violence. Results indicated that emotional violence by teachers is prevalent across cultural settings, although large variations within and between regions are noted. It is related to mental health, behavioral and academic problems of children above and beyond physical violence by teachers and victimization by peers and parents. Boys are at higher risk of experiencing emotional violence by teachers than girls. Family dysfunction, low socioeconomic status (of the family or the community), and violent school environments appear to increase risk as well. The observed patterns of co-occurrence of emotional violence with physical violence by teachers and victimization by peers as well as perpetration of violence against peers and teachers lend support to notions of poly-victimization and cycles of violence in the school settings. Future research should use representative surveys, examine antecedents, and consequences of emotional violence by teachers using longitudinal and experimental designs and evaluate interventions to prevent emotional violence by teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Scharpf
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Anette Kirika
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Hecker
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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13
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Tsunga L, Lake M, Halligan SL, Malcolm-Smith S, Hoffman N, Heron J, Zar H, Fraser A, Donald K, Stein DJ. Early Childhood Violence Exposure Patterns in The Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS). Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:36. [PMID: 37781446 PMCID: PMC10534083 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18598.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Research has highlighted high rates of exposure to violence among South African youth. However, work to date has been largely cross-sectional, focused on violence exposure during the adolescence period, and has been limited to specific types of violence exposure. We examined violence exposure in South African preschool children between 3 and 6 years of age, capturing both direct and indirect forms of violence, and tested for potential sex differences across the several types of exposures. Methods: Lifetime direct and indirect exposure to domestic and community violence was measured by parental report when children were 3.5 years (N = 530), 4.5 years (N = 749) and 6 years of age (N= 417) in a South African birth cohort located in a peri-urban community. Results: There are three main findings. First, a large proportion of children (72%-75%) were reported as having been exposed to some form of direct or indirect violent experience in their homes or communities from a young age. Second, there was significant polyvictimization, with 49% of the children being exposed to more than one type of violence by age 6. Third, by 4.5 years of age, there was evidence that boys were more likely than girls to be exposed to domestic victimisation (28% vs. 17%) and polyvictimization (38% vs. 28%). Conclusions: These findings highlight the high levels of violence exposure in young South African children, particularly among boys, and the need for prevention at both the community and individual levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Tsunga
- Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marilyn Lake
- Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Susan Malcolm-Smith
- ACSENT Laboratory Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nadia Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Heather Zar
- Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The SA-MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abigail Fraser
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kirsten Donald
- Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Kurtz M, Kawka H, Horstick O, Brenner S, Deckert A, Louis VR, Winkler V, Lowery Wilson M, Bärnighausen T, Dambach P. The prevalence of emotional abuse in children living in Sub-Saharan Africa - A systematic review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106155. [PMID: 37004459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is meant to put a focus on the prevalence of emotional abuse in low-income states like the Sub-Saharan region. METHODOLOGY Searching PubMed, Google scholar, and web of science during February and April 2021 a total of 2264 articles were identified, 27 met the inclusion criteria. We added the results of 13 VAC (Violence Against Children and Youth) studies, conducted by UNICEF capturing information about experienced sexual, physical, or emotional violence in 13-24-year-olds, as well as 56 MIC (Multiple Indicator Cluster) studies, conducted by the CDC to research the disciplinary methods used with children aged 1-14 years in the past month by older household members. Finally, in a meta-analytic approach, we aimed to calculate a pooled estimate of the prevalence. RESULTS The included studies depicted a wide range in prevalence rates across countries. For example, while the VAC study in Lesotho in 2018 showed low incidence rates of emotional violence (6.9 % Females, 3.8 % Males), the average prevalence recorded by the MIC study was as high as 57.8 % for females and 59.2 % for males. On average, the MIC studies displayed a higher incidence and the discrepancy of prevalence of emotional abuse between females and males was small. Calculating a pooled estimate of the prevalence was not possible, due to the heterogeneity of the data. CONCLUSIONS In general countries displayed a high prevalence. A standardized use of a uniform definition of emotional abuse might help to display a more homogenous data set in the future, giving the opportunity for pooled estimates of prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kurtz
- University Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - H Kawka
- University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Horstick
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Brenner
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Deckert
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V R Louis
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Winkler
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Lowery Wilson
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Dambach
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Vlaming M, Sauer PJJ, Janssen EPF, van Koppen PJ, Bruijninckx CMA, Akkerman-Zaalberg van Zelst MWM, Neumann HAM, van Gemert MJC. Child Abuse, Misdiagnosed by an Expertise Center: Part I-Medico-Social Aspects. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:963. [PMID: 37371195 DOI: 10.3390/children10060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Child abuse is a dangerous situation for an infant. Professionals need to weigh the risk of failing to act when children are seriously harmed against the serious harm done by carrying out safeguarding interventions. In severe cases, foster care might be advisable. The negative effects for the child's psychosocial development requires that such placement must be based on very solid evidence. Our aim is to identify why Dutch parents whose child may have a medical condition that could mimic symptoms of child abuse have a significant chance of being erroneously convicted and losing custody of their child. As a method, we describe and analyze the following case. An Armenian-Dutch newborn (uncomplicated term vaginal delivery), starting at two weeks after birth, developed small bruises on varying body locations. At two months, a Well-Baby Clinic physician referred the girl to a university hospital, mentioning that there were no reasons to suspect child abuse and that her Armenian grandmother easily bruised as well. However, before consultation by a pediatrician of the hospital-located Expertise Center for Child Abuse, the parents were suspected of child abuse. Based on the expertise center's protocols, skeletal X-rays were made, which showed three healed, asymptomatic rib fractures, while invalid statistics suggested, incorrectly, a 10-100 times more likely non-accidental than accidental cause of the symptoms (discussed in Part II of this series). The expertise enter physician ignored any argument that could show parental innocence, including the positive parent-child relationship reported by the Well-Baby Clinic and the general practitioner. The girl and her older brother were placed in a family foster home and then in a secret home. The case radically resolved when a large bruise also developed there, and an independent tissue disease specialist diagnosed a hereditary connective tissue disorder in the mother, implying that the girl's bruises and rib fractures could well be disease-related. In conclusion, if child abuse is suspected, and foster care placement considered, the patient and the parents should be thoroughly investigated by an independent experienced pediatrician together with an experienced pediatric clinical psychologist or psychotherapist to produce an independent opinion. Children deserve this extra safeguard before being separated from their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Vlaming
- Private Practice, Criminal Psychology and Law, 6986 CL Angerlo, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J J Sauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emile P F Janssen
- Private Practice, Rehabilitation Medicine & Consultancy, 6137 CL Sittard, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van Koppen
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Martin J C van Gemert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Jackson AL, Frederico M, Cleak H, Perry BD. Interventions to Support Children's Recovery From Neglect-A Systematic Review. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023:10775595231171617. [PMID: 37084409 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231171617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Earlier reviews to discover research on interventions for children after neglect have concluded little was available, despite the well-documented prevalence and harmful effects of neglect on children. We revisited this question through a systematic literature review to discover the state of research on interventions for children who have experienced neglect. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ERIC, Sociological Abstracts and EMBASE for studies published between 2003 and 2021. Studies were included if neglect could be distinguished, and child outcomes reported. Eight reports describing six studies about six interventions were identified. These studies differed in interventions, age-groups, definitions of neglect, and outcomes. Four studies reported positive child outcomes though with varying degree of quality. More research is needed to inform a coherent theory of change following neglect. There remains an urgent need for research on interventions to help children recover from neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Jackson
- Social Work, La Trobe University School of Allied Health, Bundoora, AU-VIC, Australia
| | - M Frederico
- Social Work, La Trobe University School of Allied Health, Bundoora, AU-VIC, Australia
| | - H Cleak
- Social Work, La Trobe University School of Allied Health, Bundoora, AU-VIC, Australia
| | - B D Perry
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Qin J, Wang X, Chen C. Psychometric Properties of the Child Neglect Scale and Risk Factors for Child Neglect in Chinese Young Males Who Were Incarcerated. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4659. [PMID: 36901668 PMCID: PMC10002313 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Child neglect is an important risk factor for juvenile delinquency, while few studies have examined child neglect in Chinese juvenile delinquents due to the lack of appropriate measurement tools. The Child Neglect Scale is a 38-item retrospective self-report scale that specifically focuses on child neglect. The current study, therefore, aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Child Neglect Scale and risk factors for child neglect among Chinese juvenile delinquents. A total of 212 young males who were incarcerated participated in this study, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Child Neglect Scale, and basic information questionnaire were used to collect data. The results showed that the Child Neglect Scale has good reliability, and the mean inter-item correlation coefficients reach accepted standards. Moreover, it is found that child neglect is prevalent among Chinese young males who are incarcerated, with communication neglect occurring most frequently. Low levels of family monthly income and rural residency are risk factors for child neglect. The average scores of security neglect, physical neglect, and communication neglect of the participants respectively show statistically significant differences according to the type of major caregivers. Findings suggest that the Child Neglect Scale may be used to measure child neglect with four independent subscales in Chinese young males who are incarcerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Qin
- Hangzhou College of Childhood Teachers’ Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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18
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Dawe S, Eggins E, Betts J, Webster H, Pomario T, Doak J, Chandler-Mather N, Hatzis D, Till H, Harnett P, Wood A, Shelton D. An investigation of the utility of the Australian Guide to the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in young children. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2023; 47:486-500. [PMID: 36810987 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) assists in implementing critical early support. The challenge lies in having a diagnostic process that enables valid and reliable assessment of domains of functioning in young children, with the added complexity that many children will also have co-occurring exposure to childhood adversity that is likely to impact these domains. METHODS The aim of this study was to test a diagnostic assessment of FASD in young children using the Australian Guide to the Diagnosis of FASD. Ninety-four children (aged 3 to 7 years) with confirmed or suspected prenatal alcohol exposure were referred to two specialist FASD clinics for assessment in Queensland, Australia. RESULTS There was a significant risk profile with 68.1% (n = 64) children having had contact with child protection services, and most children living in kinship (n = 22, 27.7%) or foster (n = 36, 40.4%) care. Forty-one percent of the children were Indigenous Australians. The majority (64.9%, n = 61) of children met criteria for FASD, 30.9% were classified as "At Risk" for FASD (n = 29), and 4.3% received no FASD diagnosis (n = 4). Only 4 (4%) children were rated as severe for the brain domain. Over 60% of children (n = 58) had two or more comorbid diagnoses. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the removal of comorbid diagnoses in the Attention, Affect Regulation, or Adaptive Functioning domains resulted in a change in 7 of 47 cases (15%) to an "At Risk" designation. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the complexity of presentation and the extent of impairment in the sample. The use of comorbid diagnoses to substantiate a "severe" designation in specific neurodevelopmental domains raises the question of whether there were false-positive diagnoses. The complexity of determining causal relationships between exposure to PAE and early life adversity on developmental outcomes continues to be a challenge in this young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Dawe
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Eggins
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joseph Betts
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heidi Webster
- Child Development Service, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tania Pomario
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica Doak
- School of Psychology, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ned Chandler-Mather
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Denise Hatzis
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Haydn Till
- Child Development Service, Gold Coast Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Harnett
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Wood
- School of Psychology, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Doug Shelton
- Child Development Service, Gold Coast Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Lee C, Cao J, Eagen-Torkko M, Mohammed SA. Network analysis of adverse childhood experiences and cardiovascular diseases. SSM Popul Health 2023; 22:101358. [PMID: 36846630 PMCID: PMC9947418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance The findings to date indicate that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. We demonstrate how network analysis, a statistical method that estimates complex patterns of associations between variables, can be used to model ACEs and CVD. The main goal is to explore the differential impacts of ACE components on CVD outcomes, conditioned on other ACEs and important covariates using network analysis. We also sought to determine which ACEs are most synergistically correlated and subsequently cluster together to affect CVD risk. Methods Our analysis was based on cross-sectional data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which included 31,242 adults aged 55 or older (54.6% women, 79.8% whites, mean age of 68.7 ± 7.85 years). CVD outcomes included angina/coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke prevalence. Mixed graphical models were estimated using the R-package mgm, including all variables simultaneously to elucidate their one-to-one inter-relationships. Next, we conducted Walktrap cluster detection on the estimated networks using the R-package igraph. All analyses were stratified by gender to examine group differences. Results In the network for men, the variable "household incarceration" was most strongly associated with stroke. For women, the strongest connection was between "physical abuse" and stroke, followed by "sexual abuse" and angina/CHD. For men, angina/CHD and stroke were clustered with several CVD risk factors, including depressive disorder, diabetes, obesity, physical activity, and smoking, and further clustered with components of household dysfunction (household substance abuse, household incarceration, and parental separation/divorce). No clusters emerged for women. Conclusions Specific ACEs associated with CVDs across gender may be focal points for targeted interventions. Additionally, findings from the clustering method (especially for men) may provide researchers with valuable information on potential mechanisms linking ACEs with cardiovascular health, in which household dysfunction plays a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyoung Lee
- School of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Washington Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Jiepin Cao
- Section for Health Equity, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Meghan Eagen-Torkko
- School of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Washington Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Selina A. Mohammed
- School of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Washington Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
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20
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Soneson E, Das S, Burn AM, van Melle M, Anderson JK, Fazel M, Fonagy P, Ford T, Gilbert R, Harron K, Howarth E, Humphrey A, Jones PB, Moore A. Leveraging Administrative Data to Better Understand and Address Child Maltreatment: A Scoping Review of Data Linkage Studies. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023; 28:176-195. [PMID: 35240863 PMCID: PMC9806482 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221079308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review aimed to overview studies that used administrative data linkage in the context of child maltreatment to improve our understanding of the value that data linkage may confer for policy, practice, and research. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC electronic databases in June 2019 and May 2020 for studies that linked two or more datasets (at least one of which was administrative in nature) to study child maltreatment. We report findings with numerical and narrative summary. RESULTS We included 121 studies, mainly from the United States or Australia and published in the past decade. Data came primarily from social services and health sectors, and linkage processes and data quality were often not described in sufficient detail to align with current reporting guidelines. Most studies were descriptive in nature and research questions addressed fell under eight themes: descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, outcomes, intergenerational transmission, predictive modelling, intervention/service evaluation, multi-sector involvement, and methodological considerations/advancements. CONCLUSIONS Included studies demonstrated the wide variety of ways in which data linkage can contribute to the public health response to child maltreatment. However, how research using linked data can be translated into effective service development and monitoring, or targeting of interventions, is underexplored in terms of privacy protection, ethics and governance, data quality, and evidence of effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Soneson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shruti Das
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Burn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marije van Melle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tamsin Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth Gilbert
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Harron
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Howarth
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Ayla Humphrey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Yeung JWK, Chen HF, Lo HHM, Xu L, Xu C. Minor Forms of Parental Maltreatment and Educational Achievement of Immigrant Youths in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:873. [PMID: 36613192 PMCID: PMC9819920 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parental hostility and emotional rejection-or aggregated as general harsh family interactions with parents-have received little research attention due to such parent-child interactions being counted as minor forms of parental maltreatment and regarded as being less harmful. However, recent research showed that these minor forms of parental maltreatment on youth development are far from negligibility on account of their frequency, chronicity, and incessancy. In this longitudinal study, we investigated how parental hostility, emotional rejection, and harsh family interactions with parents of in early adolescence of immigrant youths (wave-1 Mage = 14) adversely impact successful college graduation of immigrant youths in young adulthood (wave-3 Mage = 24) through the mediation of their development of academic aspirations in late adolescence (wave-2 Mage = 17). Using data from a representative sample of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (N = 3344), the current study revealed that parental hostility, emotional rejection, and harsh family interactions with parents significantly impaired successful college graduation of immigrant youths in young adulthood, with the decreased odds of 20.1% to 30.22%. Furthermore, academic aspirations of immigrant youths in late adolescence not only significantly mediated the abovementioned relationships but also contributed to the higher odds of immigrant youths' college graduation by 2.226 to 2.257 times. Findings of this study related to educational innovations, family services, and policy implications are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerf W. K. Yeung
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Fang Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Herman H. M. Lo
- Professional Practice and Assessment Centre, Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leilei Xu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Mehta D, Kelly AB, Laurens KR, Haslam D, Williams KE, Walsh K, Baker PRA, Carter HE, Khawaja NG, Zelenko O, Mathews B. Child Maltreatment and Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Outcomes: An Exploration of Biopsychosocial Determinants and Implications for Prevention. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:421-435. [PMID: 34586552 PMCID: PMC8480117 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment rates remain unacceptably high and rates are likely to escalate as COVID-related economic problems continue. A comprehensive and evidence-building approach is needed to prevent, detect and intervene where child maltreatment occurs. This review identifies key challenges in definitions, overviews the latest data on prevalence rates, reviews risk and protective factors, and examines common long-term mental health outcomes for children who experience maltreatment. The review takes a systems approach to child maltreatment outcomes through its focus on the overall burden of disease, gene-environment interactions, neurobiological mechanisms and social ecologies linking maltreatment to mental ill-health. Five recommendations relating to the accurate measurement of trends, research on brain structures and processes, improving the reach and impact of teleservices for detecting, preventing and treating child maladjustment, community-based approaches, and building population-focused multidisciplinary alliances and think tanks are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristin R. Laurens
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Divna Haslam
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Parenting and Family Support Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kate E. Williams
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Child & Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kerryann Walsh
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Child & Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip R. A. Baker
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannah E. Carter
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nigar G. Khawaja
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Oksana Zelenko
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ben Mathews
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Law, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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Teixeira DN, Narciso I, Henriques MR. Driving for Success in Family Reunification-Professionals' Views on Intervention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16594. [PMID: 36554475 PMCID: PMC9778863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Family reunification is a complex process and is consensually considered the best solution for children in care, as soon as the family has changed the dysfunctional patterns that prevent child safety and well-being. Intervention throughout the entire process is crucial to the success of family reunification. This study aimed to explore and understand child protection professionals' views on factors influencing (un)successful family reunification trajectories. Using a qualitative design, 33 Portuguese child protection professionals participated in five focus groups. The thematic analysis revealed a set of influential factors within three different systemic levels: child, family, and child welfare system. The latter level was clearly predominant, pointing to the powerful role of the intervention as a vehicle for successful family reunification. The results showed the relevance attributed by the professionals to some main intervention guidelines, children-professionals' relationships, multisystemic assessment and intervention, coordinated work of intervention teams, and sufficient time between the court decision and the child's re-entry into the family home. The need for early intervention and its continuity after the child's reintegration into the home also emerged as relevant factors. This study provides in-depth knowledge of professionals' views on the intervention process, thus contributing to a comprehensive understanding of (un)successful family reunification trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana N. Teixeira
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Narciso
- Research Center for Psychological Science (CICPsi), Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida R. Henriques
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Dubowitz H, Roesch S, Lewis T, Thompson R, English D, Kotch JB. Neglect in Childhood, Problem Behavior in Adulthood. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22047-NP22065. [PMID: 35156437 PMCID: PMC9374847 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211067008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have reported problem behaviors in adulthood related to the timing of child neglect. The objective was to examine the relationship between classes of child neglect and later behavior. The sample included 473 participants from the prospective Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN); their mean age was 23.8 years. They completed an online survey regarding behaviors and experiences in early adulthood. Neglect was assessed via Child Protective Services (CPS) and self-reports of neglect. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified three classes: Late Neglect, Chronic Neglect, and Limited Neglect. There were significant differences between Limited and Late Neglect regarding later intimate partner aggression and violence (IPAV) and psychological distress, and among all classes for criminal behavior. High-risk youth experiencing neglect beginning in mid-adolescence appear especially vulnerable to later criminal behavior, psychological distress, and IPAV. Those working with such youth can help ensure that their needs are adequately met, to prevent or mitigate problems in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Dubowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott Roesch
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Terri Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard Thompson
- Richard H. Calica Center for Innovation in Children and Family Services, Juvenile Protective Association
| | - Diana English
- Child Welfare Consultation Services, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Kotch
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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25
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Direct and Indirect Effects of Child Maltreatment on Suicidal Ideation among Chinese Left-Behind Children: Does Gender Make a Difference? Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12110464. [DOI: 10.3390/bs12110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that maltreatment is related to children’s suicidal ideation, but the indirect mechanisms of left-behind children have been rarely investigated in the Chinese context. On the basis of a left-behind children sample (N = 1355; 57.1% females), this study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of maltreatment on suicidal ideation among Chinese left-behind children. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrate that child maltreatment not only directly affects the suicidal ideation of left-behind children, but can also indirectly affect their suicidal ideation through the partially mediating role of self-efficacy. Moreover, a significant gender difference was found in the direct effect of maltreatment on suicidal ideation, with females experiencing stronger influence than males. Findings suggest that the effect of maltreatment on the suicidal ideation of left-behind children is mediated by self-efficacy and moderated by gender. Findings also highlight intervention directions for risk behaviors among left-behind children.
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26
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Erlandsson SI, Hornborg C, Sorbring E, Dauman N. Is ADHD a way of conceptualizing long-term emotional stress and social disadvantage? Front Public Health 2022; 10:966900. [PMID: 36424967 PMCID: PMC9680974 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.966900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalent, neuropsychiatric, deficit perspective on children and youth diagnosed with ADHD prohibits a multidimensional approach where socio-economic status, family stress and relationships within the families are relevant factors to examine. Assessments of ADHD through the use of rating scales and short-term interventions may lead not only to overdiagnosis but also to a reductionistic approach in the psychiatric field. This literature review aims to address research outside the prevailing discourse on ADHD as an organic brain dysfunction and broaden the perspectives on children's behavioral difficulties. Methods The articles included in this applied, mixed-method, systematic review includes 26 peer-reviewed articles, both English and French, with a search focus on ADHD in children and youth related to Attachment styles and relationships. Results In the studies reported, researchers approached correlations between ADHD and attachment in different ways, and in most cases, there was a caution to address causality. The role of parents was found to be both buffering and aggravating for the appearance of ADHD. In the French case studies, the diagnosis was conceptualized as a relational phenomenon where the child's behavior was inseparable from family member's suffering. Discussion This review article illustrates how children's difficulties in terms of ADHD symptoms can be addressed through a paradigm where emotional and cognitive dysregulation is understood through psychosocial factors rather than as a neurological condition. In our view, to avoid an overly reductionistic and medicalized approach to children's behavioral difficulties, it is time to reiterate the value of the biopsychosocial perspective. Conclusion Professionals and researchers need to acknowledge that becoming diagnosed with ADHD has a strong connection to economic disadvantage, social status, and familial care. The academic discourse of addressing brain dysfunctions might serve the unintended purpose of masking emotional stress and social disadvantage that manifests across generations. A biopsychosocial approach to ADHD including family, emotional history, and socio-economic issues could imply a lesser focus on medical treatment as a first choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soly I. Erlandsson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Hornborg
- Department of Sociology and Work Science, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Campus Västervik, Västervik, Sweden
| | - Emma Sorbring
- Department of Social and Behavioral Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
- Campus Västervik, Västervik, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Dauman
- Department of Psychology, Université de Poitiers, Univ Rennes, Univ Angers, Univ Brest, RPPSY, Poitiers, France
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27
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Chen H, Zhou H, Zhang M, Chen C, Liu N, Wang C, Zhang N. Childhood emotional abuse and motor impulsiveness among male violent inmates with antisocial personality disorder. Personal Ment Health 2022; 16:350-360. [PMID: 35768849 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship among childhood maltreatment, impulsiveness and antisocial personality through a questionnaire survey of violent male inmates. We found that the scores of inmates with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) in Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form (CTQ-SF) and Barratt Impulsive Scale-11 (BIS-11) were higher than those in the Non-Antisocial personality group, and there was a significant correlation between the scores of CTQ-SF and BIS-11. We found that the interaction between impulsivity and childhood abuse predicts ASPD levels. Moreover, motor and non-planning impulsiveness played important roles in the observed differences in antisocial personality scores among the inmates who had experienced childhood maltreatment; motor impulsiveness was mainly related to emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, while non-planning impulsiveness was mainly related to emotional neglect and physical neglect. These findings suggest that identifying and providing timely intervention for inmates with high impulsiveness who experienced maltreatment in childhood may also contribute to the prevention of violent behavior and to better prison management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Chen
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huabin Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Zhang N, Gao M, Yu J, Zhang Q, Wang W, Zhou C, Liu L, Sun T, Liao X, Wang J. Understanding the association between adverse childhood experiences and subsequent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e32748. [PMID: 36068993 PMCID: PMC9575611 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, which may be related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Our study aims to explore the association between ACEs and subsequent ADHD, and analyze the potential moderators. METHODS Literature search was conducted by a combined computer-assisted and manual method. Studies were included if they had reported the association between ACEs and subsequent ADHD. Overall estimates of odds ratios (ORs) were obtained using random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regressions and further stratified analyses were conducted to examine potential moderator variables. RESULTS Totals of 70 studies involving nearly 4 million participants from among 6,452 unique articles were included. In the primary analyses, ACEs were found to be associated with subsequent ADHD (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.54-1.83), and the negative effects of different forms of ACEs for ADHD were nonequivalent. Such as lived in the stepfamily, been adopted or fostered, and experienced sexual abuse were more deleterious than others. It was found that individuals who had experienced multiple ACEs or who are female were more vulnerable to ADHD. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide critical evidence for understanding the association between ACEs and ADHD. ACEs could increase the susceptibility of ADHD, especially for individuals who ever experienced multiple ACEs and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Man Gao
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Congxiao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjia Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Liao
- Center of Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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29
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Zhang J, Lin G, Cai Q, Hu Q, Xu Y, Guo Z, Hong D, Huang Y, Lv Y, Chen J, Jiang S. The role of family and peer factors in the development of early adolescent depressive symptoms: A latent class growth analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:914055. [PMID: 36186869 PMCID: PMC9520917 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.914055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have explored the trajectories of Chinese early adolescent depressive symptoms or comprehensively considered the factors of family and peers. The present study aimed to identify the trajectories of depressive symptoms in early adolescence using a school-based sample assessed in three waves. The study also examined whether family and peer factors were significant predictors. A total of 586 Chinese primary and middle school students participated in the survey. A growth mixture model was used to find the trajectories of depressive symptoms, and multinominal logistic regression was used to identify the predictors. Three trajectories were identified, including a stable-low class, an increasing class, and a high-decreasing class. Results indicated that gender, parental psychological aggression and neglect, parental psychological control, traditional bullying/cyberbullying victimization, and friendship quality were significant predictors. However, witnessing intimate partner violence, parental behavior control, and traditional bullying/cyberbullying perpetration could not significantly predict the trajectories. The findings of this study can provide an empirical basis for teachers and clinical interveners to determine different development trajectories of depressive symptoms and carry out prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Applied Psychology in School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Lin
- The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaole Cai
- The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Hu
- School of Foreign Languages, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Applied Psychology in School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Guo
- Department of Applied Psychology in School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Defan Hong
- Department of Applied Psychology in School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Applied Psychology in School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijun Lv
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Planning and Development Decision Institute (Higher Education Research Institute), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suo Jiang
- The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Applied Psychology in School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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30
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Greco AM, González-Pío C, Bartolomé M, Pereda N. How can school help victims of violence? Evaluation of online training for European schools’ staff from a multidisciplinary approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272872. [PMID: 35969618 PMCID: PMC9377607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interventions used to prevent or treat violence against children, particularly sexual abuse, tend to only consider the target audience as their main source of data. We tested the effect of an online training for school staff members in Europe through three studies. In Study I, we interviewed 5 adult women (Mage = 49.2, SD = 5.81) who were victims of sexual abuse during childhood to assess what school could have done during that time to protect them. Through Study II, we collected data on 66 school staff members to assess feasibility (based on quantitative indicators) and to explore the changes they would make to their everyday practice due to the training course (using qualitative analysis). In Study III, we used network analysis to assess to what extent the actions described by school staff in Study II met the needs expressed by the victims in Study I. Findings of Study I revealed new proposals from the victims’ perspective, such as working with the perpetrators. Study II showed the feasibility of training and identified five types of action that school staff members will include in their everyday working dynamics due to the training: detection (e.g., Greater attention to relationships with peers), reporting (e.g., Now I know that suspecting a case of child abuse is enough to report), everyday practices (e.g., Introducing a calming space), changes at school level (e.g., Propose the training course to the school management team) or practices that could belong to more than one category (e.g., Greater awareness of the activities undertaken by the school). Study III provided evidence that some of these changes (e.g., reporting without looking for proof) were in line with some of the victims’ expectations (e.g., listen to the children). We also identified gaps that need to be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Greco
- Grup de Recerca en Victimització Infantil i Adolescent (GReViA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Estudis de Dret i Ciència Política, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Carla González-Pío
- Grup de Recerca en Victimització Infantil i Adolescent (GReViA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bartolomé
- Grup de Recerca en Victimització Infantil i Adolescent (GReViA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament dse Formació, Fundació Vicki Bernadet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Pereda
- Grup de Recerca en Victimització Infantil i Adolescent (GReViA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicologia Clínca i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Terry NP, Gerido LH, Norris CU, Johnson L, Little C. Building a framework to understand and address vulnerability to reading difficulties among children in schools in the United States. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:9-26. [PMID: 35796620 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a vulnerability framework as a means to contextualize inequities in reading achievement among children who are vulnerable to poor reading outcomes. Models to understand vulnerability have been applied in the social sciences and public health to identify population disparities and design interventions to improve outcomes. Vulnerability is multifaceted and governed by context. Using a vulnerability framework for the science of reading provides an innovative approach for acknowledging multilevel factors contributing to disparities. The ecological considerations of both individual differences in learners and conditions within and outside of schools ensures that scientific advances are realized for learners who are more vulnerable to experiencing reading difficulty in school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Patton Terry
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Cynthia U Norris
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Lakeisha Johnson
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Callie Little
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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32
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Kwok SYCL, Gu M, Kwok K. Childhood emotional abuse and adolescent flourishing: A moderated mediation model of self-compassion and curiosity. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 129:105629. [PMID: 35439629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience and positive mental health may be negatively influenced by childhood maltreatment. While many scholars have noted that adolescents exposed to childhood emotional abuse could meet the criteria for flourishing, little research has investigated the mediating effect of self-compassion and the moderating effect of curiosity on the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and adolescent flourishing. OBJECTIVE This study proposed and tested a moderated mediation model that attempted to explain the pathway from childhood emotional abuse to adolescent flourishing. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample consisted of 315 female students (mean age 12.81 years, range 12-14 years) in a girls' secondary school in Hong Kong, China. METHODS We conducted a three-wave study with six-month intervals. The participants completed self-administered questionnaires at school under the guidance of trained research assistants. RESULTS Self-compassion at Time 2 mediated the relationship between childhood emotional abuse at Time 1 and adolescent flourishing at Time 3. Furthermore, the mediating effect was moderated by adolescent curiosity at Time 1 and Time 2. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggested that although childhood emotional abuse may hinder the development of self-compassion, reduced levels of self-compassion and curiosity (especially the stretch dimension of curiosity) could work together to promote flourishing in adolescents with a history of childhood emotional abuse. The results lent further support to the developmental psychopathology and resilience perspectives in explaining the relationship between childhood trauma and positive developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Y C L Kwok
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Minmin Gu
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, 555 Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kim Kwok
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Kobulsky JM, Villodas M, Yoon D, Wildfeuer R, Steinberg L, Dubowitz H. Adolescent Neglect and Health Risk. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2022; 27:174-184. [PMID: 34665048 DOI: 10.1177/10775595211049795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined relationships between adolescent neglect and abuse and later health risk in a sample of 1050 youth (53% female, 56% Black, and 24% White) from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. At age 16, the youth reported any adolescent exposure to neglect and physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. At age 18, they reported risk behaviors (delinquency, substance use, and sexual behavior) and emotional and behavioral problems (externalizing and internalizing problems, suicidality). Control variables were childhood maltreatment (self-reports and early childhood child protective services reports), risk behaviors and emotional and behavioral problems at age 16, and demographics. Analysis confirmed a 5-factor model of adolescent neglect (Exposure to Risk, Inadequate Monitoring, Inattention to Basic Needs, Permitting Misbehavior, and Inadequate Support). Inadequate Support and Exposure to Risk were associated with more substances used; Exposure to Risk was also associated with delinquency and suicidality. Adolescent emotional abuse was associated with not using a condom use and internalizing and externalizing problems. Findings underscore the importance of preventing or addressing neglect during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Kobulsky
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, 16043Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miguel Villodas
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, 115104San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dalhee Yoon
- Department of Social Work, 14787Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Wildfeuer
- Department of Sociology, 6558Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Howard Dubowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
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Sexual Risk Behavior and Lifetime HIV Testing: The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074372. [PMID: 35410050 PMCID: PMC8998687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of HIV prevention drugs such as PrEP, HIV incident transmission rates remain a significant problem in the United States. A life-course perspective, including experiences of childhood adversity, may be useful in addressing the HIV epidemic. This paper used 2019 BRFSS data to elucidate the role that childhood adversity plays in the relationship between HIV risk and HIV testing. Participants (n = 58,258) completed self-report measures of HIV risk behaviors, HIV testing, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The median number ACEs in the sample was 1, with verbal abuse (33.9%), and parental separation (31.3%) being the most common ACEs reported. Bivariate findings showed that all ACEs were associated with increased HIV risk and testing. However, increased risk was not correlated with increased HIV testing, with the highest incongruence related to mental health problems of household member (53.48%). While both self-reported HIV risk and ACEs were positively associated with HIV testing, their interaction had a negative association with testing (aPR = 0.51, 95%CI 0.42, 0.62). The results highlight the need for targeted HIV prevention strategies for at-risk individuals with a history of childhood adversity.
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Kobulsky JM, Yoon D, Villodas MT, Schuler BR, Wildfeuer R, Reyes JN. Neglect, Abuse, and Adaptive Functioning: Food Security and Housing Stability as Protective Factors for Adolescents. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9030390. [PMID: 35327762 PMCID: PMC8946869 DOI: 10.3390/children9030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses gaps in knowledge of protective factors that support adaptive functioning among maltreated adolescents. The sample included 1003 high-risk youths participating in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (53% female, 56% Black, and 82% living in poverty). Adolescent neglect (Exposure to Risky Situations, Lack of Monitoring, Inattention to Basic Needs, Permitting Misbehavior, Lack of Support) and physical, sexual, and emotional abuse were self-reported at age 16. Age 18 adaptive functioning measures included healthcare receipt (medical, dental, and mental health), self-rated global health, high school graduation or enrollment, prosocial activities, peer relationships (Companionship, Conflict, Satisfaction, and Intimacy), and independent living skills. Previous childhood maltreatment, demographics, and earlier prosocial activities and peer relationships were controls. Structural equation modeling showed that adolescent neglect and abuse were associated with lower adaptive functioning. Multigroup models showed protective effects for food security on the relationships between sexual abuse and self-rated health and between Inadequate Monitoring and Companionship. Housing stability buffered relationships between Inadequate Support and high school graduation or enrollment and between Permitting Misbehavior and independent living skills. Findings imply the need for adolescent-focused prevention, including the promotion of food security and housing stability to support adaptive functioning in maltreated adolescents. However, notable mixed findings show the need for additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Kobulsky
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-204-2843
| | - Dalhee Yoon
- Department of Social Work, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
| | - Miguel T. Villodas
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Brittany R. Schuler
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Rachel Wildfeuer
- Department of Sociology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - José N. Reyes
- Department of Health Services Administration and Policy, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
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Haslam Z, Taylor EP. The relationship between child neglect and adolescent interpersonal functioning: A systematic review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 125:105510. [PMID: 35078090 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglect is a highly prevalent, yet historically understudied form of maltreatment. Recent research has revealed the far reaching and unique effects that neglect has on subsequent cognitive, behavioural and socio-emotional development, and on long-term physical and mental health outcomes. Adolescent interpersonal functioning is important to explore given the significant relational transitions that occur during this stage of development, and the known impact that these social changes can have on future life outcomes. OBJECTIVE This systematic review synthesises the literature exploring the relationship between neglect and adolescent interpersonal functioning in peer relationships. METHODS Seven databases and three grey literature sites were systematically searched, and identified records screened against inclusion criteria. RESULTS Twenty-one articles were included in the final sample, exploring five different indicators of adolescent interpersonal functioning. Around half of the papers investigating quality of peer relationships found that neglect, particularly emotional neglect, is associated with reduced relationship quality, and there is consistent evidence that neglect increases the risk of gang involvement and deviant peer affiliation. CONCLUSIONS These findings may be used to strengthen a trauma-informed approach to work with adolescents. Research on neglect and adolescent romantic relationships is sparse. Overall, the literature is varied and further research using longitudinal data and consistent measures of neglect would be of value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Haslam
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Emily P Taylor
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9AG, UK.
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Khoury JE, Tanaka M, Kimber M, MacMillan HL, Afifi TO, Boyle M, Duncan L, Joshi D, Georgiades K, Gonzalez A. Examining the unique contributions of parental and youth maltreatment in association with youth mental health problems. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 124:105451. [PMID: 34991012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research seeks to understand the intergenerational impact of child maltreatment. However, it remains unclear how parent's history of child maltreatment (PCM) is associated with child mental health, after accounting for children's experiences of maltreatment and other proximal risk factors. OBJECTIVE This study examines the associations between PCM and youth internalizing and externalizing problems, while accounting for youth experiences of maltreatment (YM), and parent mental health and positive parenting. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Youth aged 14 to 17 years (N = 2266) participated in the 2014 Ontario Child Heath Study. METHODS Parents and youth reported their experiences of child maltreatment. Parent-report and self-reports of youth internalizing and externalizing problems were also collected. Number of subtypes of maltreatment and specific subtypes of maltreatment were examined. Parents reported their own mental health problems and positive parenting practices. RESULTS Regarding number of maltreatment subtypes, initially PCM was associated with parent-reported, but not self-reported, youth internalizing and externalizing problems. After accounting for YM, parent mental health problems and positive parenting, only YM remained significant. Regarding specific subtypes of maltreatment, both parent and youth emotional abuse were related to parent- and youth-reported internalizing and externalizing problems, after controlling for other maltreatment subtypes. However, the effects of parent emotional abuse became nonsignificant after accounting for YM and proximal risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate: 1) the unique associations between specific PCM and YM subtypes and youth mental health problems; 2) the role of proximal risk factors in explaining the association between PCM and youth mental health; and 3) the importance of multiple informants of youth mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Khoury
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
| | - Masako Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Melissa Kimber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Tracie O Afifi
- University of Manitoba, Department of Community Health Sciences at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Michael Boyle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Laura Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Divya Joshi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Katholiki Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Fallon B, Filippelli J, Joh-Carnella N, Collin-Vézina D, Lefebvre R, Moody B, Trocmé N, Quinn A. An Examination of Past Trends in School Reports to Child Welfare: Considerations for Reported Child Maltreatment. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2022; 27:25-32. [PMID: 33291968 DOI: 10.1177/1077559520979588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines whether increased interaction and observation of young children by school professionals leads to an increase in school-based reports to child welfare authorities and in the identification of child maltreatment victims. Comparing provincial-level data collected before and after full-day kindergarten implementation in Ontario, a doubling in rates of school-referred investigations involving 4- and 5-year-old children was found. There was no significant difference in the rates of maltreatment substantiation, service referrals made or transfers to ongoing services, but the rate of child functioning concerns noted in these investigations tripled. The findings suggest there are differences in how the school and child welfare systems define and respond to suspected child maltreatment. Implications for practice, policy and research are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fallon
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, 7938University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanne Filippelli
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, 7938University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Rachael Lefebvre
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, 7938University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Moody
- Peel Children's Aid Society, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nico Trocmé
- School of Social Work, 5620McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ashley Quinn
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, 7938University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Screening for ADHD Symptoms among Criminal Offenders: Exploring the Association with Clinical Features. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020180. [PMID: 35206795 PMCID: PMC8872480 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disabling disorder. High rates of ADHD have been consistently reported among prisoners. The main objectives were (1) to estimate the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in a sample of male inmates and (2) to investigate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and socio-demographic/clinical features. According to the high prevalence of childhood trauma among inmates, we assessed whether exposition to childhood trauma can be related to the presence of ADHD symptoms. Methods: A total of 159 male prisoners admitted to Monza prison between January 2020 and June 2021 were included. Both Wender Utah ADHD rating scale and adult ADHD self-report scale were administered to assess ADHD symptoms. Moreover, inmates completed the childhood trauma questionnaire. Results: Data were available for 108 inmates. Thirty-five prisoners (32.4%) were found on screening to meet the criteria for symptoms of ADHD. Cocaine use disorder, prescription of mood stabilizers and a history of emotional abuse significantly increased the likelihood of having clinically significant ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, patients who experienced physical neglect resulted in meeting the criteria for ADHD symptoms. Conclusions: ADHD symptoms are widespread among inmates and are associated with specific risk factors. Screening for ADHD should be done to provide appropriate intervention strategies.
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Caron F, Tourneux P, Tchidjou HK, Taleb A, Gouron R, Panuel M, Klein C. Incidence of child abuse with subdural hemorrhage during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study in France. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:2433-2438. [PMID: 35302178 PMCID: PMC8929282 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The global COVID-19 pandemic prompted governments to impose unprecedented sanitary measures, such as social distancing, curfews, and lockdowns. In France and other countries, the first COVID-19 lockdown raised concerns about an increased risk of child abuse. Abusive head trauma (AHT) is one of the most serious forms of child abuse in children aged 0-24 months and constitutes the leading cause of death in children under 2 years of age. Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) is present in 89% of cases of AHT and constitutes one of the most specific, objective clinical presentations in the diagnosis of child abuse. In a French nationwide study, we sought to evaluate the potential impact of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of hospital admissions for child abuse with SDH, relative to the two previous years. We conducted a nationwide, retrospective study of data in the French national hospital discharge summary database by applying the International Classification of Diseases (10th Revision) codes for SDH and for child abuse. After including children aged up to 24 months with a diagnosis of child abuse and/or SDH following hospital admission anywhere in France between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020, we compared the incidence of child abuse, the incidence of SDH + child abuse, and the demographic data for 2020 with the corresponding values for 2018 and 2019. There were no significant differences in the number of hospital admissions due to child abuse or SDH + child abuse between 2020 and the 2018/2019 control years. The incidence of SDH + child abuse was higher among boys than among girls. There were significantly fewer hospital admissions in May 2020 (p = 0.01) and significantly more in December 2020 (p = 0.03), relative to the same months in the two preceding years. There was a nonsignificant trend toward a lower incidence of hospital admission for child abuse in 2020, relative to 2019 (decrease: 6.4%) and 2018 (decrease: 7.6%). CONCLUSION When considering children under the age of 24 months in France, the incidence of hospital admission for SDH in the context of child abuse was not significantly higher in 2020 than in the two previous years. WHAT IS KNOWN • The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on child abuse and more specifically on subdural hemorrhage remains unknown. WHAT IS NEW • There was no increase in hospitalizations for child abuse and AHT. • We found that boys are more often victims of child abuse and subdural hemorrhage among children aged less than 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Caron
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Pierre Tourneux
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
- PériTox Laboratory UMR_I 01, UFR de Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Ariski Taleb
- Department of Medical Information, Montreuil-sur-Mer Medical Center, Montreuil-sur-Mer, France
| | - Richard Gouron
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, University of Picardie Jules Verne and Amiens Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Michel Panuel
- Department of Medical Imaging Hôpital Nord, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Assistance Publique, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Klein
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, University of Picardie Jules Verne and Amiens Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens, France
- Service d’Orthopédie Pédiatrique, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 1 rue du Professeur Cabrol, 80054 Amiens Cedex 1, France
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Pei F, Yoon S, Maguire-Jack K, Lee MY. Neighborhood influences on early childhood behavioral problems: Child maltreatment as a mediator. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 123:105391. [PMID: 34768072 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sizable number of previous research investigated the influences of untreated behavior problems in children's early age, as well as how different environmental factors affect child behavior problems (King et al., 2004; Vaillancourt et al., 2013). However, few studies focused on the influences of different types of neighborhood factors on early childhood internalizing and externalizing symptoms via adverse childhood experiences. OBJECTIVE This study aims to capture the specific pathways from neighborhood structural factors and process factors to early childhood internalizing and externalizing symptoms. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The restricted version of the Fragile Family Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) dataset at ages 3 and 5 were used, and 2722 children were included in the final model. METHODS The Structural Equation Model was used to estimate the pathways from neighborhood structural and process factors to early childhood internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) symptoms. Neighborhood structural factors were measured at the census tract level. Neighborhood collective efficacy, child maltreatment experiences, and early childhood internalizing, and externalizing symptoms were reported by the focal child's mother. RESULTS Neighborhood process factors and structural factors showed both direct and indirect effects on early childhood EXT and INT differently. Emotional assault and neglect worked as mediators in this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Findings emphasize the importance for researchers and practitioners to involve neighborhood context when assisting children with early childhood behavior problems. Implications for research and interventions are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pei
- School of Social Work, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Mo Yee Lee
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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The transdiagnostic origins of anxiety and depression during the pediatric period: Linking NIMH research domain criteria (RDoC) constructs to ecological systems. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:1599-1619. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the last decade, an abundance of research has utilized the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) research domain criteria (RDoC) framework to examine mechanisms underlying anxiety and depression in youth. However, relatively little work has examined how these mechanistic intrapersonal processes intersect with context during childhood and adolescence. The current paper covers reviews and meta-analyses that have linked RDoC-relevant constructs to ecological systems in internalizing problems in youth. Specifically, cognitive, biological, and affective factors within the RDoC framework were examined. Based on these reviews and some of the original empirical research they cover, we highlight the integral role of ecological factors to the RDoC framework in predicting onset and maintenance of internalizing problems in youth. Specific recommendations are provided for researchers using the RDoC framework to inform future research integrating ecological systems and development. We advocate for future research and research funding to focus on better integration of the environment and development into the RDoC framework.
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Tiwari A, Andrews K, Casey R, Liu A, Tonmyr L, Gonzalez A. Associations Among Child Maltreatment, Mental Health, and Police Contact in Adulthood: Findings From a National Canadian Sample. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:8741-8767. [PMID: 31161854 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519851789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine associations between three subtypes of childhood maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and exposure to intimate partner violence) and two forms of adult police contact (criminality, victimization) using nationally representative Canadian data. Presence of a mental health disorder was also explored as a potential mediating variable in these associations. The weighted sample included 23,846 adult participants from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health. Logistic and multinomial regression analyses examined associations among individual and multiple exposures to subtypes of childhood maltreatment with police contact. The Sobel test was used to assess the mediating effect of mental health disorders. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables, results indicated that all maltreatment subtypes were significantly associated with increased odds of both forms of police contact (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 2.06 to 2.95). Presence of a mental health disorder was a partial mediator in the associations between child maltreatment and both forms of adult police contact (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.52 to 2.32). In addition, a dose-response relationship was observed for victimization; as the number of subtypes of maltreatment increased, there was an incremental increase in risk of victimization. Future efforts are needed to prioritize child maltreatment prevention, trauma-informed approaches, mental health awareness, and training in law enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Xiao Z, Baldwin MM, Meinck F, Obsuth I, Murray AL. The impact of childhood psychological maltreatment on mental health outcomes in adulthood: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2021; 10:224. [PMID: 34384485 PMCID: PMC8359074 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that childhood psychological maltreatment (i.e., emotional abuse and emotional neglect) is associated with mental health problems that persist into adulthood, for example anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicidal ideation, and aggression; however, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature would help clarify the magnitude and moderators of these associations, and the extent to which they may be affected by publication bias, as well as the methodological strengths and weakness of studies in this area. METHOD The reporting of this protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) Statement. Searches will be carried out via several databases, including Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, Applied Social Science Index and Abstract, ERIC and EMBASE. Empirical peer-reviewed research articles that fit pre-specified eligibility criteria will be included in the review. Studies will be eligible if they include participants age 18 or over at time of mental health assessment, include information on childhood psychological maltreatment (emotional abuse and/or neglect) perpetrated by a primary caregiver or adult in the same household, and provide quantitative information on the association between these factors. Studies using prospective and retrospective designs and written in either English or Chinese will be eligible. Two independent reviewers will screen and assess studies for inclusion in the review as well as extract the data, with consensus reached through discussion in cases of discrepancy. A third reviewer will be consulted to resolve any discrepancies that remain. The relevant Newcastle-Ottawa scales will be used for assessing the quality of studies. If a sufficient number of comparable studies are retrieved, a meta-analysis will be conducted using a random effects model. Study-level moderators (i.e., year of publication, quality of the study and study geographical location) will be examined in the meta-analyses. DISCUSSION This systematic review will provide an understanding of the long-term effects of childhood psychological maltreatment on adult mental health, which adds to previous reviews focusing primarily on the effects of physical and sexual abuse. The results of the review will help inform clinical practice in approaches to treating those with a history of psychological maltreatment in childhood. The gaps and weaknesses in the evidence identified will also inform recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoni Xiao
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Mina Murat Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Franziska Meinck
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Ingrid Obsuth
- Clinical Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aja Louise Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
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46
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Legano LA, Desch LW, Messner SA, Idzerda S, Flaherty EG. Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2021-050920. [PMID: 33875536 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-050920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been widespread efforts to raise awareness about maltreatment of children. Pediatric providers have received education about factors that make a child more vulnerable to being abused and neglected. The purpose of this clinical report is to ensure that children with disabilities are recognized as a population at increased risk for maltreatment. This report updates the 2007 American Academy of Pediatrics clinical report "Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities." Since 2007, new information has expanded our understanding of the incidence of abuse in this vulnerable population. There is now information about which children with disabilities are at greatest risk for maltreatment because not all disabling conditions confer the same risks of abuse or neglect. This updated report will serve as a resource for pediatricians and others who care for children with disabilities and offers guidance on risks for subpopulations of children with disabilities who are at particularly high risk of abuse and neglect. The report will also discuss ways in which the medical home can aid in early identification and intervene when abuse and neglect are suspected. It will also describe community resources and preventive strategies that may reduce the risk of abuse and neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Legano
- Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York;
| | - Larry W Desch
- Department of Pediatrics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science and Advocate Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, Illinois
| | - Stephen A Messner
- Stephanie V. Blank Center for Safe and Healthy Children, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sheila Idzerda
- Billings Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Bozeman, Montana; and
| | - Emalee G Flaherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Tubman JG, Oshri A, Duprey EB, Sutton TE. Childhood maltreatment, psychiatric symptoms, and suicidal thoughts among adolescents receiving substance use treatment services. J Adolesc 2021; 89:18-27. [PMID: 33839366 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood maltreatment experiences are associated with future suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts, yet the roles of specific psychiatric symptoms mediating this relation remain to be clarified. To clarify these relations, we tested a model incorporating multiple forms of childhood maltreatment (sexual abuse, physical punishment, emotional neglect), past year psychiatric disorder symptoms during adolescence (anxiety, mood, and conduct disorders) and recent suicidal thoughts. METHODS We administered structured interviews to 394 adolescents receiving outpatient substance use treatment services in the Southeastern United States (280 males; Mage = 16.33; SDage = 1.15). Structural equation models (SEMs) were used to evaluate the degree to which relations between childhood maltreatment and suicidal thoughts were mediated by specific past-year psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS Mood disorder symptoms significantly mediated the relation between neglect/negative home environment and suicidal thoughts. This path of influence did not vary by gender. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment and subsequent psychopathology influence suicidal thoughts among adolescents receiving substance use treatment services. The findings of the present study have implications for the adaptation and delivery of substance use treatment services to adolescents to enhance treatment engagement and outcomes.
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Baker AJL, LeBlanc S, Adebayo T, Mathews B. Training for mandated reporters of child abuse and neglect: Content analysis of state-sponsored curricula. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 113:104932. [PMID: 33484982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child abuse and neglect is a public health concern around the world, with well-established impacts and costs to children, families, and society. While mandated reporters make the majority of reports, child abuse is still under-reported and many mandated reporters fail to report known and suspected cases. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the content of US state-sponsored online mandated reporter training in order to identify gaps and need for improvement in mandated reporter training. METHODS A deductive qualitative content analysis of the publicly available curricula was conducted. Variables coded were identified through a literature review and consultation with experts. RESULTS Numerous gaps were identified in the curricula including: few trainings identified reasons why reports should be made, only about one fourth included a definition, indicators, and examples of each type of maltreatment, the average number of suggestions for responding to a disclosure made by a child was 3, and few curricula addressed barriers to reporting or the impact of reporting on the reporter. CONCLUSIONS The trainings as a whole are not providing mandated reporters with comprehensive information about definitions, examples, and indicators of the major types of childhood maltreatment. In addition, the trainings contain only limited information to motivate reporters to see their role as part of a collective endeavor to protect children, and they are failing to adequately address reluctance about reporting. However, improvements are readily achievable. A partnership approach to curriculum design and delivery is recommended to develop effective training that will promote sound reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J L Baker
- Fontana Center for Child Protection of the New York Foundling, 590 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10014, United States.
| | | | - Trinae Adebayo
- Fontana Center for Child Protection of the New York Foundling, 590 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10014, United States.
| | - Ben Mathews
- Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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Tanzer M, Salaminios G, Morosan L, Campbell C, Debbané M. Self-Blame Mediates the Link between Childhood Neglect Experiences and Internalizing Symptoms in Low-Risk Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2021; 14:73-83. [PMID: 33692873 PMCID: PMC7900265 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-020-00307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Childhood neglect is the most common type of maltreatment, ranging from minor isolated incidents to consistent failures in emotional/physical caregiving. It has been associated with developmental impairments and considered a risk factor for the emergence of psychopathology, particularly internalizing disorders. This study aimed to explore individual differences in response to the continuum of severity of neglect in community adolescents, as well as the role of specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERSs) as mediators between childhood neglect and current internalizing symptoms. Low-risk adolescents (12-19 years old; M age 15.88 years; N = 123; 64 Females) completed questionnaires assessing these experiences. We employed a regression model and a simple mediation analyses. Findings indicate a positive association between childhood neglect, internalizing behaviors, and the adoption of self-blame as CERS. Moreover, the use of self-blame in response to everyday stress partially mediated the relationship between neglect and internalizing behaviors (effect size: .28). Findings support the hypothesis that even in a low risk sample, neglect is associated with internalizing symptoms, and highlight the importance of assessing individual differences in the experience of neglect. Moreover, the mediation effect of the CERSs of self-blame might serve as a potential target for psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at reducing internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Tanzer
- Psychoanalysis Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB UK
| | - George Salaminios
- Psychoanalysis Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB UK
| | - Larisa Morosan
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chloe Campbell
- Psychoanalysis Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB UK
| | - Martin Debbané
- Psychoanalysis Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB UK
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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DAT1 and Its Psychological Correlates in Children with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11010009. [PMID: 33466618 PMCID: PMC7828669 DOI: 10.3390/bs11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
International research has underlined the role played by children’s and maternal psychopathological symptoms on the onset of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in early childhood. No study has considered the possible interplay between children’s dopamine transporter (DAT1) genotype and methylation, dysregulation problems and maternal psychopathological risk. This study aimed to investigate the complex relationship between these variables, considering the possible mediation role played by children’s DAT1 methylation on the relationship between mothers’ psychopathological risk and children’s dysregulation problems, moderated by children’s DAT1 genotype. Our sample consisted of 94 early children and their mothers, divided into four subgroups, based on children’s ARFID subtypes (irritable/impulsive (I/I), sensory food aversions (SFA), post-traumatic feeding disorders subtypes (PTFD), and a non-clinical group (NC)). We addressed children’s dysregulation problems and maternal psychopathological risk, and collected children’s DNA through buccal swabs. Results showed that children’s 9/x genotype was associated with PTFD and NC groups, whereas the 10/10 genotype was associated with the SFA group, with large effect size. There were significant large differences in the study groups on children’s DAT1 total methylation, children’s dysregulation problems, and maternal psychopathological risk. Children’s DAT1 methylation did not mediate the relationship between mother’s psychopathological risk and children’s dysregulation problems, but there was a significant large direct effect. Children’s 9/x genotype moderated the relationship between maternal psychopathological risk and children’s DAT1 methylation but, respectively, with a large and small effect. Our pilot study suggested that the relationship between children’s DAT1 genotype and methylation, dysregulation problems, and maternal psychopathological risk has a crucial contribution to ARFID.
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