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Sankararaman S, Venegas C, Seth S, Palchaudhuri S. "Feed a Cold, Starve a Fever?" A Review of Nutritional Strategies in the Setting of Bacterial Versus Viral Infections. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:314-322. [PMID: 38587572 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Some data, mostly originally derived from animal studies, suggest that low glucose intake is protective in bacterial sepsis but detrimental in overwhelming viral infections. This has been interpreted into a broad belief that different forms of sepsis may potentially require different nutritional management strategies. There are a few mechanistic differences between the host interactions with virus and bacteria which can explain why there may be opposing responses to macronutrient and micronutrient during the infected state. Here, we aim to review relevant evidence on the mechanisms and pathophysiology of nutritional management strategies in various infectious syndromes and summarize their clinical implications. RECENT FINDINGS Newer literature - in the context of the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic - offers some insight to viral infections. There is still limited clinically applicable data during infection that clearly delineate the role of nutrition during an active viral vs bacterial infections. Based on contrasting findings in different models of viruses and bacteria, the macronutrient and micronutrient needs may depend more on specific infectious organisms that may not be generalizable as bacterial versus viral. Overall, the metabolic effects of sepsis are context dependent, and various host-specific (e.g., age, baseline nutritional status, immune status, comorbidities) and illness variables (phase, duration, and severity of illness) play a significant role in determining the outcome besides pathogen-specific (virus or bacterial or fungi and combined infections) factors. Microbe therapy (probiotics and prebiotics) seems to have therapeutic potential in both viral and bacterial infected states, and this seems like a promising area for further practical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carla Venegas
- Department Critical Care Medicine and Nutrition Support Team, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sonia Seth
- Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sonali Palchaudhuri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Marrella V, Nicchiotti F, Cassani B. Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4051. [PMID: 38612860 PMCID: PMC11012346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity and mortality. In the past 10 years, the importance of lung microbiota emerged in the context of pulmonary diseases, although the mechanisms by which it impacts the intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On the contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development in the lung. In this review, we present an overview of the lung microbiome modifications occurring during respiratory infections, namely, reduced community diversity and increased microbial burden, and of the downstream consequences on host-pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, and cytokines production, in turn affecting the disease progression and outcome. Particularly, we focus on the role of the gut-lung bidirectional communication in shaping inflammation and immunity in this context, resuming both animal and human studies. Moreover, we discuss the challenges and possibilities related to novel microbial-based (probiotics and dietary supplementation) and microbial-targeted therapies (antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and bacteriophages), aimed to remodel the composition of resident microbial communities and restore health. Finally, we propose an outlook of some relevant questions in the field to be answered with future research, which may have translational relevance for the prevention and control of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marrella
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Nicchiotti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Barbara Cassani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
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Guo J, Wang L, Han N, Yuan C, Yin Y, Wang T, Sun J, Jin P, Liu Y, Jia Z. People are an organic unity: Gut-lung axis and pneumonia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27822. [PMID: 38515679 PMCID: PMC10955322 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
People are an organic unity. Every organ of our body doesn't exist alone. They are a part of our body and have important connections with other tissues or organs. The gut-lung axis is a typical example. Here, we reviewed the current research progress of the gut-lung axis. The main cross-talk between the intestine and lungs was sorted out, i.e. the specific interaction content contained in the gut-lung axis. We determine a relatively clear concept for the gut-lung axis, that is, the gut-lung axis is a cross-talk that the gut and lungs interact with each other through microorganisms and the immune system to achieve bidirectional regulation. The gut and lungs communicate with each other mainly through the immune system and symbiotic microbes, and these two pathways influence each other. The portal vein system and mesenteric lymphatics are the primary communication channels between the intestine and lungs. We also summarized the effects of pneumonia, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), on intestinal microbes and immune function through the gut-lung axis, and discussed the mechanism of this effect. Finally, we explored the value of intestinal microbes and the gut-lung axis in the treatment of pneumonia through the effect of intestinal microbes on pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
- The First Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Le Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Ningxin Han
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Caiyun Yuan
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
| | - Yujie Yin
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Tongxing Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Jiemeng Sun
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
- The First Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Peipei Jin
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
- The First Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
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Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A. Pathophysiology of acute lung injury in patients with acute brain injury: the triple-hit hypothesis. Crit Care 2024; 28:71. [PMID: 38454447 PMCID: PMC10918982 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been convincingly demonstrated in recent years that isolated acute brain injury (ABI) may cause severe dysfunction of peripheral extracranial organs and systems. Of all potential target organs and systems, the lung appears to be the most vulnerable to damage after ABI. The pathophysiology of the bidirectional brain-lung interactions is multifactorial and involves inflammatory cascades, immune suppression, and dysfunction of the autonomic system. Indeed, the systemic effects of inflammatory mediators in patients with ABI create a systemic inflammatory environment ("first hit") that makes extracranial organs vulnerable to secondary procedures that enhance inflammation, such as mechanical ventilation (MV), surgery, and infections ("second hit"). Moreover, accumulating evidence supports the knowledge that gut microbiota constitutes a critical superorganism and an organ on its own, potentially modifying various physiological functions of the host. Furthermore, experimental and clinical data suggest the existence of a communication network among the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and its microbiome, which appears to regulate immune responses, gastrointestinal function, brain function, behavior, and stress responses, also named the "gut-microbiome-brain axis." Additionally, recent research evidence has highlighted a crucial interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the lungs, referred to as the "gut-lung axis," in which alterations during critical illness could result in bacterial translocation, sustained inflammation, lung injury, and pulmonary fibrosis. In the present work, we aimed to further elucidate the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI) in patients with ABI by attempting to develop the "double-hit" theory, proposing the "triple-hit" hypothesis, focused on the influence of the gut-lung axis on the lung. Particularly, we propose, in addition to sympathetic hyperactivity, blast theory, and double-hit theory, that dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction in the context of ABI alter the gut-lung axis, resulting in the development or further aggravation of existing ALI, which constitutes the "third hit."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Ziaka
- Clinic for Geriatric Medicine, Center for Geriatric Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Aristomenis Exadaktylos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Lee SH, Lee JH, Lee SW. Application of Microbiome-Based Therapies in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. J Microbiol 2024; 62:201-216. [PMID: 38635003 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The application of microbiome-based therapies in various areas of human disease has recently increased. In chronic respiratory disease, microbiome-based clinical applications are considered compelling options due to the limitations of current treatments. The lung microbiome is ecologically dynamic and affected by various conditions, and dysbiosis is associated with disease severity, exacerbation, and phenotype as well as with chronic respiratory disease endotype. However, it is not easy to directly modulate the lung microbiome. Additionally, studies have shown that chronic respiratory diseases can be improved by modulating gut microbiome and administrating metabolites. Although the composition, diversity, and abundance of the microbiome between the gut and lung are considerably different, modulation of the gut microbiome could improve lung dysbiosis. The gut microbiome influences that of the lung via bacterial-derived components and metabolic degradation products, including short-chain fatty acids. This phenomenon might be associated with the cross-talk between the gut microbiome and lung, called gut-lung axis. There are multiple alternatives to modulate the gut microbiome, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics ingestion and fecal material transplantation. Several studies have shown that high-fiber diets, for example, present beneficial effects through the production of short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, genetically modified probiotics to secrete some beneficial molecules might also be utilized to treat chronic respiratory diseases. Further studies on microbial modulation to regulate immunity and potentiate conventional pharmacotherapy will improve microbiome modulation techniques, which will develop as a new therapeutic area in chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Lee
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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Gong T, Brew BK, Lundholm C, Smew AI, Harder A, Kuja-Halkola R, Ludvigsson JF, Lu Y, Almqvist C. Comorbidity Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Asthma and Allergic Diseases: A Genetically Informed Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae027. [PMID: 38412344 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about shared origins between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema). We aimed to expand current knowledge on the etiological sources of comorbidities between these disorders using a range of genetically informed methods. METHODS Within-individual and familial co-aggregation analysis was applied to 2 873 445 individuals born in Sweden from 1987 to 2014 and their first- and second-degree relatives. Quantitative genetic modeling was applied to 38 723 twin pairs to decompose the genetic and environmental sources for comorbidity. Polygenic risk score analysis between IBD and allergic diseases was conducted in 48 186 genotyped twins, and linkage disequilibrium score regression was applied using publicly available data to explore the genetic overlap. RESULTS IBD was associated with asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30 to 1.40), allergic rhinitis (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.34), and eczema (aOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.56), with similar estimates for ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The ORs for familial co-aggregation decreased with decreasing genetic relatedness. Quantitative genetic modeling revealed little evidence of common genetic factors between IBD and allergic diseases (eg, IBD and allergic rhinitis; genetic correlation ra = 0.06; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.15) but did reveal some evidence of unique environmental factors between IBD and eczema (re = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.32). Molecular genetic analyses were similarly null for IBD and allergic diseases, except for a slight association between Crohn's disease polygenic risk score and eczema (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.12). CONCLUSIONS We found little evidence to support a shared origin between IBD and any allergic disease but weak evidence for shared genetic and unique environmental components for IBD and eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gong
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bronwyn K Brew
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health and School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecilia Lundholm
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Awad I Smew
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arvid Harder
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Zou X, Lu RL, Liao B, Liu SJ, Dai SX. Causal relationship between asthma and ulcerative colitis and the mediating role of interleukin-18: a bidirectional Mendelian study and mediation analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1293511. [PMID: 38162651 PMCID: PMC10757619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Numerous observational investigations have documented a correlation between asthma and ulcerative colitis(UC). In this Mendelian Randomization (MR) study, we utilized extensive summary data from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to further estimate the association between adult-onset asthma and the risk of UC, and to investigate the role of Interleukin-18 (IL-18) as a potential mediator. Materials and methods A two-step, two-sample MR study was conducted through mediation analysis. For this study, we employed a two-sample MR analysis using the inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger regression techniques. We utilized publicly accessible summary statistics from a GWAS meta-analysis of adult-onset asthma in the UK Biobank (n=327,253; cases=26,582; controls=300,671) as the exposure factor. The outcomes were derived from GWAS data of individuals with European ancestry (n=26,405; cases=6,687; controls=19,718). GWAS data for IL-18 were obtained from individuals of European ancestry (n=9,785,222; cases=3,636; controls=9,781,586). Results The MR analysis indicates that adult-onset asthma is associated with an increased risk of UC, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.019 (95% CI 1.001-1.045, P=0.006). However, there is no strong evidence to suggest that UC significantly impacts the risk of adult-onset asthma. IL-18 may act as a potential mediator in the causal relationship between adult-onset asthma and UC, with a mediation proportion of 3.9% (95% CI, 0.6%-6.9%). Conclusion In summary, our study established a causal relationship between asthma and UC, in which IL-18 contributes to a small extent. However, the primary factors underlying the influence of asthma on UC remain unclear. Future research should focus on identifying other potential mediators. In clinical practice, it is important to pay greater attention to intestinal lesions in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital(Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital), Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rui-Ling Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital(Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital), Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital(Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital), Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shi-Jie Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Geriatric Center, National Regional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Geriatric Center, National Regional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Martins M, Keir HR, Chalmers JD. Endotypes in bronchiectasis: moving towards precision medicine. A narrative review. Pulmonology 2023; 29:505-517. [PMID: 37030997 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a highly complex entity that can be very challenging to investigate and manage. Patients are diverse in their aetiology, symptoms, risk of complications and outcomes. "Endotypes"- subtypes of disease with distinct biological mechanisms, has been proposed as a means of better managing bronchiectasis. This review discusses the emerging field of endotyping in bronchiectasis. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis published from inception until October 2022, using the terms: "bronchiectasis", "endotypes", "biomarkers", "microbiome" and "inflammation". Exclusion criteria included commentaries and non-English language articles as well as case reports. Duplicate articles between databases were initially identified and appropriately excluded. Studies identified suggest that it is possible to classify bronchiectasis patients into multiple endotypes deriving from their co-morbidities or underlying causes to complex infective or inflammatory endotypes. Specific biomarkers closely related to a particular endotype might be used to determine response to treatment and prognosis. The most clearly defined examples of endotypes in bronchiectasis are the underlying causes such as immunodeficiency or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis where the underlying causes are clearly related to a specific treatment. The heterogeneity of bronchiectasis extends, however, far beyond aetiology and it is now possible to identify subtypes of disease based on inflammatory mechanisms such airway neutrophil extracellular traps and eosinophilia. In future biomarkers of host response and infection, including the microbiome may be useful to guide treatments and to increase the success of randomized trials. Advances in the understanding the inflammatory pathways, microbiome, and genetics in bronchiectasis are key to move towards a personalized medicine in bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martins
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.
| | - H R Keir
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kinkdom
| | - J D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kinkdom
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Xue S, Abdullahi R, Wu N, Zheng J, Su M, Xu M. Gut microecological regulation on bronchiolitis and asthma in children: A review. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2023; 17:975-985. [PMID: 37105551 PMCID: PMC10542989 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma and bronchiolitis in children are considered common clinical problems associated with gut microbiota. However, the exact relationship between gut microbiota and the above-mentioned diseases remains unclear. Here, we discussed recent advances in understanding the potential mechanism underlying immune regulation of gut microbiota on asthma and bronchiolitis in children as well as the role of the gut-lung axis. METHODS We retrieved and assessed all relevant original articles related to gut microbiota, airway inflammation-induced wheezing in children, and gut-lung axis studies from databases that have been published so far, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Wanfang Database. RESULTS The infant period is critical for the development of gut microbiota, which can be influenced by gestational age, delivery mode, antibiotic exposure and feeding mode. The gut microbiota in children with asthma and bronchiolitis is significantly distinct from those in healthy subjects. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in asthma and bronchiolitis in children. The presence of intestinal disturbances in lung diseases highlights the importance of the gut-lung axis. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota dysbiosis potentially increases the risk of asthma and bronchiolitis in children. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the gut-lung axis with regard to the gut microbiota of children with respiratory diseases could contribute to clinical practice for pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Xue
- Department of PediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Rukkaiya Abdullahi
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Naisheng Wu
- Department of PediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Jishan Zheng
- Department of PediatricsThe Ningbo Women and Children's HospitalNingboChina
| | - Miaoshang Su
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Manhuan Xu
- College of Laboratory Medicine and Life ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
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Popovic D, Kulas J, Tucovic D, Popov Aleksandrov A, Malesevic A, Glamoclija J, Brdaric E, Sokovic Bajic S, Golic N, Mirkov I, Tolinacki M. Gut microbial dysbiosis occurring during pulmonary fungal infection in rats is linked to inflammation and depends on healthy microbiota composition. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0199023. [PMID: 37623316 PMCID: PMC10581041 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01990-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
While the effect of gut microbiota and/or inflammation on a distant body site, including the lungs (gut-lung axis), has been well characterized, data about the influence of lung microbiota and lung inflammation on gut homeostasis (lung-gut axis) are scarce. Using a well-characterized model of pulmonary infection with the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, we investigated alterations in the lung and gut microbiota by next-generation sequencing of the V3-V4 regions of total bacterial DNA. Pulmonary inflammation due to the fungus A. fumigatus caused bacterial dysbiosis in both lungs and gut, but with different characteristics. While increased alpha diversity and unchanged bacterial composition were noted in the lungs, dysbiosis in the gut was characterized by decreased alpha diversity indices and modified bacterial composition. The altered homeostasis in the lungs allows the immigration of new bacterial species of which 41.8% were found in the feces, indicating that some degree of bacterial migration from the gut to the lungs occurs. On the contrary, the dysbiosis occurring in the gut during pulmonary infection was a consequence of the local activity of the immune system. In addition, the alteration of gut microbiota in response to pulmonary infection depends on the bacterial composition before infection, as no changes in gut bacterial microbiota were detected in a rat strain with diverse gut bacteria. The data presented support the existence of the lung-gut axis and provide additional insight into this mechanism. IMPORTANCE Data regarding the impact of lung inflammation and lung microbiota on GIT are scarce, and the mechanisms of this interaction are still unknown. Using a well-characterized model of pulmonary infection caused by the opportunistic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, we observed bacterial dysbiosis in both the lungs and gut that supports the existence of the lung-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusanka Popovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic” – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kulas
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic” – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dina Tucovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic” – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic” – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anastasija Malesevic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic” – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Glamoclija
- Mycology Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic” – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emilija Brdaric
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Sokovic Bajic
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Golic
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Mirkov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic” – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Tolinacki
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Du B, Fu Y, Han Y, Sun Q, Xu J, Yang Y, Rong R. The lung-gut crosstalk in respiratory and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1218565. [PMID: 37680747 PMCID: PMC10482113 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both lung and gut belong to the common mucosal immune system (CMIS), with huge surface areas exposed to the external environment. They are the main defense organs against the invasion of pathogens and play a key role in innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, more and more evidence showed that stimulation of one organ can affect the other, as exemplified by intestinal complications during respiratory disease and vice versa, which is called lung-gut crosstalk. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in respiratory and intestinal diseases. It is known that intestinal microbial imbalance is related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), this imbalance could impact the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and leads to the persistence of inflammation, however, gut microbial disturbances have also been observed in respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory infection. It is not fully clarified how these disorders happened. In this review, we summarized the latest examples and possible mechanisms of lung-gut crosstalk in respiratory disease and IBD and discussed the strategy of shaping intestinal flora to treat respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxiu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qihui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinke Xu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Shandong Antiviral Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Rong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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12
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Zhao M, Chu J, Feng S, Guo C, Xue B, He K, Li L. Immunological mechanisms of inflammatory diseases caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114985. [PMID: 37311282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is indispensable for maintaining host health by enhancing the host's digestive capacity, safeguarding the intestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing pathogen invasion. Additionally, the gut microbiota exhibits a bidirectional interaction with the host immune system and promotes the immune system of the host to mature. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, primarily caused by factors such as host genetic susceptibility, age, BMI, diet, and drug abuse, is a significant contributor to inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases resulting from gut microbiota dysbiosis lack systematic categorization. In this study, we summarize the normal physiological functions of symbiotic microbiota in a healthy state and demonstrate that when dysbiosis occurs due to various external factors, the normal physiological functions of the gut microbiota are lost, leading to pathological damage to the intestinal lining, metabolic disorders, and intestinal barrier damage. This, in turn, triggers immune system disorders and eventually causes inflammatory diseases in various systems. These discoveries provide fresh perspectives on how to diagnose and treat inflammatory diseases. However, the unrecognized variables that might affect the link between inflammatory illnesses and gut microbiota, need further studies and extensive basic and clinical research will still be required to investigate this relationship in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min'an Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jiayi Chu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shiyao Feng
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chuanhao Guo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Baigong Xue
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Kan He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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13
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Li R, Guo Q, Zhao J, Kang W, Lu R, Long Z, Huang L, Chen Y, Zhao A, Wu J, Yin Y, Li S. Assessing causal relationships between gut microbiota and asthma: evidence from two sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148684. [PMID: 37539057 PMCID: PMC10394653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has suggested that gut microbiota dysbiosis is commonly observed in asthmatics. However, it remains unclear whether dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of asthma. We aimed to examine the genetic causal relationships of gut microbiota with asthma and its three phenotypes, including adult-onset asthma, childhood-onset asthma, and moderate-severe asthma. Methods To elucidate the causality of gut microbiota with asthma, we applied two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) based on the largest publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Inverse variance weighting meta-analysis (IVW) was used to obtain the main estimates; and Weighted median, MR-Egger, Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MR-RAPS), Maximum likelihood method (ML), and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods were applied in sensitivity analyses. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was performed to evaluate the possibility of reverse causation. Results In the absence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, the IVW method revealed that genetically predicted Barnesiella and RuminococcaceaeUCG014 were positively correlated with the risk of asthma, while the association between genetically predicted CandidatusSoleaferrea and asthma was negative. And for the three phenotypes of asthma, genetically predicted Akkermansia reduced the risk of adult-onset asthma, Collinsella and RuminococcaceaeUCG014 increased the risk of childhood-onset asthma, and FamilyXIIIAD3011group, Eisenbergiella, and Ruminiclostridium6 were correlated with the risk of moderate-severe asthma (all P<0.05). The reverse MR analysis didn't find evidence supporting the reverse causality from asthma and its three phenotypes to the gut microbiota genus. Conclusion This study suggested that microbial genera were causally associated with asthma as well as its three phenotypes. The findings deepened our understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the pathology of asthma, which emphasizes the potential of opening up a new vista for the prevention and diagnosis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Guo
- School Health Department, Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Kang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyu Lu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zichong Long
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anda Zhao
- Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Nascimento CM, Casaro MC, Perez ER, Ribeiro WR, Mayer MPA, Ishikawa KH, Lino-dos-Santos-Franco A, Pereira JNB, Ferreira CM. Experimental allergic airway inflammation impacts gut homeostasis in mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16429. [PMID: 37484240 PMCID: PMC10360590 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background /Aims: Epidemiological data show that there is an important relationship between respiratory and intestinal diseases. To improve our understanding on the interconnectedness between the lung and intestinal mucosa and the overlap between respiratory and intestinal diseases, our aim was to investigate the influence of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation on gut homeostasis. Methods A/J mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA. The animals were euthanized 24 h after the last challenge, lung inflammation was determined by evaluating cells in Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum anti-OVA IgG titers and colon morphology, inflammation and integrity of the intestinal mucosa were investigated. IL-4 and IL-13 levels and myeloperoxidase activity were determined in the colon samples. The expression of genes involved in inflammation and mucin production at the gut mucosa was also evaluated. Results OVA challenge resulted not only in lung inflammation but also in macroscopic alterations in the gut such as colon shortening, increased myeloperoxidase activity and loss of integrity in the colonic mucosal. Neutral mucin intensity was lower in the OVA group, which was followed by down-regulation of transcription of ATOH1 and up-regulation of TJP1 and MUC2. In addition, the OVA group had higher levels of IL-13 and IL-4 in the colon. Ova-specific IgG1 and OVA-specific IgG2a titers were higher in the serum of the OVA group than in controls. Conclusions Our data using the OVA experimental model suggested that challenges in the respiratory system may result not only in allergic airway inflammation but also in the loss of gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Martins Nascimento
- Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus Campos Casaro
- Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Roxana Perez
- Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin Hitomi Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Caroline Marcantonio Ferreira
- Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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15
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Liu Y, Dong Y, Shen W, DU J, Sun Q, Yang Y, Yin D. Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide regulates colonic immunity through mesenteric lymphatic circulation to attenuate ulcerative colitis. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:263-278. [PMID: 37120245 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide (PGP) is one of the main components of P. grandiflorus, but the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PGP on mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) and explore the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that PGP treatment inhibited the weight loss of DSS-induced UC mice, increased colon length, and reduced DAI, spleen index, and pathological damage within the colon. PGP also reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the enhancement of oxidative stress and MPO activity. Meanwhile, PGP restored the levels of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cell-related cytokines and transcription factors in the colon to regulate colonic immunity. Further studies revealed that PGP regulated the balance of colonic immune cells through mesenteric lymphatic circulation. Taken together, PGP exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect and regulates colonic immunity to attenuate DSS-induced UC through mesenteric lymphatic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yahui Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jiahui DU
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Quanwei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei 230021, China.
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei 230021, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230021, China.
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16
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Raftery AL, O’Brien CA, Harris NL, Tsantikos E, Hibbs ML. Development of severe colitis is associated with lung inflammation and pathology. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125260. [PMID: 37063825 PMCID: PMC10102339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic relapsing diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly the colon. A link between the gut and the lung is suggested since patients with IBD have an increased susceptibility for chronic inflammatory lung disease. Furthermore, in the absence of overt lung disease, IBD patients have worsened lung function and more leukocytes in sputum than healthy individuals, highlighting a conduit between the gut and lung in disease. To study the gut-lung axis in the context of IBD, we used TCRδ-/- mice, which are highly susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) due to the importance of γδ T cells in maintenance of barrier integrity. After induction of experimental colitis using DSS, the lungs of TCRδ-/- mice exhibited signs of inflammation and mild emphysema, which was not observed in DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice. Damage to the lung tissue was accompanied by a large expansion of neutrophils in the lung parenchyma and an increase in alveolar macrophages in the lung wash. Gene expression analyses showed a significant increase in Csf3, Cxcl2, Tnfa, and Il17a in lung tissue in keeping with neutrophil infiltration. Expression of genes encoding reactive oxygen species enzymes and elastolytic enzymes were enhanced in the lungs of both C57BL/6 and TCRδ-/- mice with colitis. Similarly, surfactant gene expression was also enhanced, which may represent a protective mechanism. These data demonstrate that severe colitis in a susceptible genetic background is sufficient to induce lung inflammation and tissue damage, providing the research community with an important tool for the development of novel therapeutics aimed at reducing co-morbidities in IBD patients.
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17
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Alagna L, Mancabelli L, Magni F, Chatenoud L, Bassi G, Del Bianco S, Fumagalli R, Turroni F, Mangioni D, Migliorino GM, Milani C, Muscatello A, Nattino G, Picetti E, Pinciroli R, Rossi S, Tonetti T, Vargiolu A, Bandera A, Ventura M, Citerio G, Gori A. Changes in upper airways microbiota in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:17. [PMID: 36862343 PMCID: PMC9981834 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of upper airways microbiota and its association with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) development in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients is unclear. Taking advantage of data collected in a prospective study aimed to assess the composition and over-time variation of upper airway microbiota in patients MV for non-pulmonary reasons, we describe upper airway microbiota characteristics among VAP and NO-VAP patients. METHODS Exploratory analysis of data collected in a prospective observational study on patients intubated for non-pulmonary conditions. Microbiota analysis (trough 16S-rRNA gene profiling) was performed on endotracheal aspirates (at intubation, T0, and after 72 h, T3) of patients with VAP (cases cohort) and a subgroup of NO-VAP patients (control cohort, matched according to total intubation time). RESULTS Samples from 13 VAP patients and 22 NO-VAP matched controls were analyzed. At intubation (T0), patients with VAP revealed a significantly lower microbial complexity of the microbiota of the upper airways compared to NO-VAP controls (alpha diversity index of 84 ± 37 and 160 ± 102, in VAP and NO_VAP group, respectively, p-value < 0.012). Furthermore, an overall decrease in microbial diversity was observed in both groups at T3 as compared to T0. At T3, a loss of some genera (Prevotella 7, Fusobacterium, Neisseria, Escherichia-Shigella and Haemophilus) was found in VAP patients. In contrast, eight genera belonging to the Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria phyla was predominant in this group. However, it is unclear whether VAP caused dysbiosis or dysbiosis caused VAP. CONCLUSIONS In a small sample size of intubated patients, microbial diversity at intubation was less in patients with VAP compared to patients without VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alagna
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy ,grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Interdepartmental Research Centre Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Magni
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Neurointensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Liliane Chatenoud
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Del Bianco
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Neurointensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Fumagalli
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy ,grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Interdepartmental Research Centre Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Mangioni
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Present Address: Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo M. Migliorino
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy ,grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Interdepartmental Research Centre Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Muscatello
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Present Address: Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nattino
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Picetti
- grid.411482.aDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pinciroli
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Rossi
- grid.411482.aDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Tommaso Tonetti
- grid.411482.aDepartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessia Vargiolu
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Neurointensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy ,grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Present Address: Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy ,grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Interdepartmental Research Centre Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Neurointensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy ,grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Present Address: Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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18
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Valentin S, Renel B, Manneville F, Caron B, Choukour M, Guillaumot A, Chaouat A, Poussel M, Chateau T, Peyrin-Biroulet C, Achit H, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Chabot F. Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Respiratory Symptoms Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:207-216. [PMID: 35394504 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No large, prospective study has investigated respiratory symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. We aimed to describe the prevalence of and factors associated with respiratory symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS In an observational, prospective, cross-sectional study, we evaluated the frequency of respiratory symptoms using a validated self-reporting questionnaire from February 2019 to February 2021 during routine follow-up outpatient visits of patients with inflammatory bowel disease followed in the Gastroenterology Department of the Nancy University Hospital. In case of a positive questionnaire, patients were systematically offered a consultation with a pulmonologist in order to investigate a potential underlying respiratory disease. RESULTS There were 325 patients included, and 180 patients had a positive questionnaire (144 with Crohn's disease). Of the included patients, 165 (50.8%) presented with respiratory symptoms, with dyspnea being the most frequent symptom (102 patients). There were 102 patients (56.7%) who benefited from a consultation in the pulmonology department: 43 (42.2%) were diagnosed with a respiratory disease, mainly asthma (n = 13) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 10). Fourteen patients (13.7%) had obstructive sleep apnea. A body mass index increase, being a smoker or ex-smoker, and having articular extra-intestinal manifestations were independently associated with a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Half of patients with inflammatory bowel disease reported respiratory symptoms in our study. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease should be systematically screened, as pulmonary disease is frequently present in this population, with specific attention being given to smokers or ex-smokers and patients with extra-articular intestinal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Valentin
- Université de Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Nancy, Pôle des Spécialités Médicales/Département de Pneumologie, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Médicale de Recherche (UMR)_S1116, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Brian Renel
- Université de Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Nancy, Pôle des Spécialités Médicales/Département de Pneumologie, Nancy, France
| | - Florian Manneville
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU)-Nancy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lorraine, Centre d'Investigation Cinique (CIC) Épidémiologie Clinique, Nancy, France
| | - Bénédicte Caron
- Nancy University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy, France.,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Nancy, Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, Plateforme Maladies Inflammatoires Chroniques de l'Intestin (MICI), Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Myriam Choukour
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Nancy, Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, Plateforme Maladies Inflammatoires Chroniques de l'Intestin (MICI), Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Anne Guillaumot
- Université de Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Nancy, Pôle des Spécialités Médicales/Département de Pneumologie, Nancy, France
| | - Ari Chaouat
- Université de Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Nancy, Pôle des Spécialités Médicales/Département de Pneumologie, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Médicale de Recherche (UMR)_S1116, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mathias Poussel
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU)-Nancy, Department of Pulmonary Function Testing, University Center of Sports Medicine and Adapted Physical Activity, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Développement, Adaptation et Handicap (DevAH), Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Chateau
- Nancy University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy, France
| | - Carina Peyrin-Biroulet
- Université de Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Nancy, Pôle des Spécialités Médicales/Département de Pneumologie, Nancy, France
| | - Hamza Achit
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU)-Nancy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lorraine, Centre d'Investigation Cinique (CIC) Épidémiologie Clinique, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Nancy University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Nutrition-Genetics and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Nancy, France
| | - François Chabot
- Université de Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Nancy, Pôle des Spécialités Médicales/Département de Pneumologie, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Médicale de Recherche (UMR)_S1116, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
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19
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Parrón-Ballesteros J, Gordo RG, López-Rodríguez JC, Olmo N, Villalba M, Batanero E, Turnay J. Beyond allergic progression: From molecules to microbes as barrier modulators in the gut-lung axis functionality. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1093800. [PMID: 36793545 PMCID: PMC9923236 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1093800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The "epithelial barrier hypothesis" states that a barrier dysfunction can result in allergy development due to tolerance breakdown. This barrier alteration may come from the direct contact of epithelial and immune cells with the allergens, and indirectly, through deleterious effects caused by environmental changes triggered by industrialization, pollution, and changes in the lifestyle. Apart from their protective role, epithelial cells can respond to external factors secreting IL-25 IL-33, and TSLP, provoking the activation of ILC2 cells and a Th2-biased response. Several environmental agents that influence epithelial barrier function, such as allergenic proteases, food additives or certain xenobiotics are reviewed in this paper. In addition, dietary factors that influence the allergenic response in a positive or negative way will be also described here. Finally, we discuss how the gut microbiota, its composition, and microbe-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, alter not only the gut but also the integrity of distant epithelial barriers, focusing this review on the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Parrón-Ballesteros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén García Gordo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos López-Rodríguez
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nieves Olmo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Batanero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Turnay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Correspondence: Javier Turnay
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20
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Nan X, Zhao W, Liu WH, Li Y, Li N, Hong Y, Cui J, Shang X, Feng H, Hung WL, Peng G. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-99 ameliorates colitis-related lung injury in mice by modulating short-chain fatty acid production and inflammatory monocytes/macrophages. Food Funct 2023; 14:1099-1112. [PMID: 36594489 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03374g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation as one of the extraintestinal manifestations of ulcerative colitis (UC) has attracted extensive attention, and its pathogenesis is closely related to gut dysbiosis. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-99 (BL-99) can alleviate osteoporosis caused by UC, but less research has been done on other extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) caused by UC. This study aimed to explore the role and potential mechanisms of BL-99 on DSS-induced pulmonary complications in colitis mice. The results showed that BL-99 decreased weight loss, disease activity index score, colonic pathology score, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in colitis mice. BL-99 also alleviated DSS-induced lung pathological damage by suppressing the infiltration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory monocytes, and macrophages. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed lower abundances of several potentially pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Burkholderia, Shigella, and Clostridium perfringens) and enrichment in specific beneficial bacteria (e.g., Adlercreutzia and Bifidobacterium animalis) in colitis mice with BL-99 treatment. Targeted metabolomics suggested that BL-99 intervention promoted the production of intestinal acetate and butyrate. Finally, we observed that the pulmonary expression of primary acetate and butyrate receptors, including FFAR2, FFAR3, and, GPR109a, was up-regulated in BL-99-treated mice, which negatively correlated with inflammatory monocytes and macrophages. Altogether, these results suggest that BL-99 might be utilized as a probiotic intervention to prevent the incidence of colitis-related lung injury owing to its ability to shape the intestinal microbiota and suppress inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Nan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Wen Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Yalan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Na Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanfei Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiaqi Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuekai Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Haotian Feng
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Guiying Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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21
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Tian F, Lei J, Ni Y, Zhong D, Xie N, Ma J, Wang H, Si S, Wu Y, Jiang T. Regulation of CD18 stability by SIGIRR-modulated ubiquitination: new insights into the relationship between innate immune response and acute lung injury. FEBS J 2022; 290:2721-2743. [PMID: 36527283 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate accumulation of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and subsequent excessive production of immune responses play critical roles in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI), but the core negative regulators governing innate signalling in AMs are ill defined. We have previously shown that single immunoglobin IL-1 receptor-related protein (SIGIRR), a negative regulator of IL-1 receptor and Toll-like receptor signalling, inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in AMs. To address the biological relevance of SIGIRR in vivo, we generated a murine ALI model via intratracheal instillation of LPS. Intriguingly, SIGIRR expression was observed to be decreased in resident and recruited macrophages during ALI. This decrease was associated with parallel induction in CD18 protein levels in LPS-challenged lung tissues. Through intranasal injection of SIGIRR lentiviral particles studies, we showed that the overexpression of SIGIRR attenuated recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils, decreased production of inflammatory cytokines and ameliorated pathological changes in lungs. Whilst exploring the basis for this phenotype, SIGIRR was found to be coexpressed with CD18 in AMs, and SIGIRR potentiated the instability of CD18 protein via enhancement of its ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. Conversely, by using CD18-/- mice, we further observed that CD18 deletion completely abolished the therapeutic effects of overexpression of SIGIRR on LPS-induced ALI. Mover, overexpression of CD18 in AMs promoted adhesion to ECM components, enhanced TLR4-mediated inflammasome activation and thereby potentiated IL-1β production. These data collectively identify SIGIRR/CD18 as a key negative regulatory circuit maintaining innate immune homeostasis in AMs along the pathogenesis of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunfeng Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daixing Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nianlin Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaokui Si
- Department of Respiration, Third Hospital of Baoji, Baoji, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Arnold HK, Hanselmann R, Duke SM, Sharpton TJ, Beechler BR. Chronic clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease associate with gut and respiratory microbiomes in a cohort of domestic felines. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268730. [PMID: 36454958 PMCID: PMC9714858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline upper respiratory tract disease (FURTD), often caused by infections etiologies, is a multifactorial syndrome affecting feline populations worldwide. Because of its highly transmissible nature, infectious FURTD is most prevalent anywhere cats are housed in groups such as animal shelters, and is associated with negative consequences such as decreasing adoption rates, intensifying care costs, and increasing euthanasia rates. Understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of FURTD is thus essential to best mitigate the negative consequences of this disease. Clinical signs of FURTD include acute respiratory disease, with a small fraction of cats developing chronic sequelae. It is thought that nasal mucosal microbiome changes play an active role in the development of acute clinical signs, but it remains unknown if the microbiome may play a role in the development and progression of chronic clinical disease. To address the knowledge gap surrounding how microbiomes link to chronic FURTD, we asked if microbial community structure of upper respiratory and gut microbiomes differed between cats with chronic FURTD signs and clinically normal cats. We selected 8 households with at least one cat exhibiting chronic clinical FURTD, and simultaneously collected samples from cohabitating clinically normal cats. Microbial community structure was assessed via 16S rDNA sequencing of both gut and nasal microbiome communities. Using a previously described ecophylogenetic method, we identified 136 and 89 microbial features within gut and nasal microbiomes respectively that significantly associated with presence of active FURTD clinical signs in cats with a history of chronic signs. Overall, we find that nasal and gut microbial community members associate with the presence of chronic clinical course, but more research is needed to confirm our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Kristin Arnold
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rhea Hanselmann
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Duke
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brianna R. Beechler
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
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23
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Krumina A, Bogdanova M, Gintere S, Viksna L. Gut-Lung Microbiota Interaction in COPD Patients: A Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121760. [PMID: 36556962 PMCID: PMC9785780 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are one of the leading causes of death in the world, which is why a lot of attention has been recently paid to studying the possible mechanisms for the development of pulmonary diseases and assessing the impact on their course. The microbiota plays an important role in these processes and influences the functionality of the human immune system. Thus, alterations in the normal microflora contribute to a reduction in immunity and a more severe course of diseases. In this review, we summarized the information about gut and lung microbiota interactions with particular attention to their influence on the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Krumina
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.B.); Tel.: +371-29113833 (A.K.); +371-26656592 (M.B.)
| | - Marina Bogdanova
- Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.B.); Tel.: +371-29113833 (A.K.); +371-26656592 (M.B.)
| | - Sandra Gintere
- Department of Family Medicine, Riga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ludmila Viksna
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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24
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Wang H, Hu J, Wu J, Ji P, Shang A, Li D. The Function and Molecular Mechanism of Commensal Microbiome in Promoting Malignant Progression of Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5394. [PMID: 36358812 PMCID: PMC9658664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The human commensal microbiome existing in an internal environment is relatively consistent with that of the host. The presence of bacterial dysbiosis, on the other hand, promptly results in the termination of this symbiotic association. The altered microbial structure in the lung may be responsible for the development of lung cancer by controlling the host's inflammatory response and influencing a variety of immunological pathways. More and more studies have pointed to the fact that the commensal microbiota plays a vital role in both the development of tumors and the body's response to lung cancer treatment. Microbiome dysbiosis, genotoxicity, virulence effect, and epigenetic dysregulations are some of the potential mechanisms that may lie behind the process of tumorigenesis that is mediated by microbiome. Other potential mechanisms include regulating host immune activity through a variety of pathogenic factors, dysregulating host metabolism as a result of microbiome alterations, and microbiome dysbiosis. In this historical overview, we go through some of the more recent mechanistic discoveries into the biological processes that are involved in lung cancer that are caused by bacteria. Without a question, obtaining a greater knowledge of the dynamic link between the lung microbiome and lung cancer has the potential to inspire the development of innovative early detection and customized treatment methods for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anquan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
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25
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Khan FH, Bhat BA, Sheikh BA, Tariq L, Padmanabhan R, Verma JP, Shukla AC, Dowlati A, Abbas A. Microbiome dysbiosis and epigenetic modulations in lung cancer: From pathogenesis to therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:732-742. [PMID: 34273520 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining healthy lung function, including host immune homeostasis. Lung microbial dysbiosis or disruption of the gut-lung axis can contribute to lung carcinogenesis by causing DNA damage, inducing genomic instability, or altering the host's susceptibility to carcinogenic insults. Thus far, most studies have reported the association of microbial composition in lung cancer. Mechanistic studies describing host-microbe interactions in promoting lung carcinogenesis are limited. Considering cancer as a multifaceted disease where epigenetic dysregulation plays a critical role, epigenetic modifying potentials of microbial metabolites and toxins and their roles in lung tumorigenesis are not well studied. The current review explains microbial dysbiosis and epigenetic aberrations in lung cancer and potential therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Haider Khan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Lubna Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Roshan Padmanabhan
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and University Hospital, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India
| | | | - Afshin Dowlati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44116, USA
| | - Ata Abbas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44116, USA.
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26
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Ruan F, Chen J, Yang J, Wang G. MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ATTENUATES PNEUMONIA-INDUCED LUNG INJURY BY MODULATIONS OF ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY AND M1 POLARIZATION. Shock 2022; 58:400-407. [PMID: 36166827 PMCID: PMC9712263 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide, and results in multisystem complications. However, the mechanism of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) on lung injury remains unclear. In this study, we used a murine model of MTBI and pneumonia ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ;) to explore the relationship between these conditions and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Mice (n = 104) were divided into control, MTBI, pneumonia, and MTBI + pneumonia groups. MTBI was induced by the weight-drop method. Pneumonia was induced by intratracheal injection with P. aeruginosa Xen5 strain. Animals were killed 24 h after bacterial challenging. Histological, cellular, and molecular indices of brain and lung injury were assessed using various methods. Results: Mice in both the MTBI and pneumonia groups had more Fluoro-Jade C-positive neurons than did the controls ( P < 0.01), but mice in the MTBI + pneumonia group had fewer Fluoro-Jade C-positive cells than did the pneumonia group ( P < 0.01). The MTBI + pneumonia mice showed decreased bacterial load ( P < 0.05), reduced lung injury score and pulmonary permeability ( P < 0.01), less inflammatory cells, and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β; P < 0.01) when compared with the pneumonia group. Molecular analysis indicated lower levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB in the lung of MTBI + pneumonia mice compared with the pneumonia group ( P < 0.01). Furthermore, alveolar macrophages from MTBI mice exhibited enhanced bactericidal capacity compared with those from controls ( P < 0.01). Moreover, MTBI + pneumonia mice exhibited less CD86-positive M1 macrophages compared with the pneumonia group ( P < 0.01). Conclusions: MTBI attenuates pneumonia-induced acute lung injury through the modulation of alveolar macrophage bactericidal capacity and M1 polarization in bacterial pneumonia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ruan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
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27
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Liu Z, Peng Y, Zhao L, Li X. MFE40-the active fraction of Mume Fructus alcohol extract-alleviates Crohn's disease and its complications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115465. [PMID: 35718051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mume Fructus (MF) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine used to treat chronic cough, prolonged diarrhea, and other inflammation-related diseases. We previously confirmed the anti-colitis effect of its ethanol extract on a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced Crohn's disease (CD) rat model. However, the active ingredients and underlying mechanisms of MF remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To clarify the material basis and potential mechanism of the ethanol extract of MF (MFE) in alleviating CD and its complications, such as lung injury and intestinal obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS MF was extracted with 80% ethanol aqueous solution and separated with 0, 40, and 100% ethanol aqueous solutions. MFE and its fractions were screened in a TNBS-induced CD rat model. For the bioactive fraction, the chemical composition was identified and quantified using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in the colon, lungs, and/or plasma were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The expression levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in the colon were measured using immunohistochemical staining, and the intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS The 40% ethanol fraction of MF (MFE40), which mainly contained methyl citrate, ethyl citrate, and caffeoylquinic acid ethyl esters, was identified as the active fraction that could alleviate CD in rats. MFE40 could ameliorate inflammation and fibrosis in the colon and lung tissues by inhibiting the secretion of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TGF-β, along with intestinal obstruction and lung injury in CD rats. The possible mechanisms of MFE40 were related to increased expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the colon, reduction in plasma LPS levels, and restoration of SCFAs via reduction in the relative abundance of Adlercreutzia, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibaculum, norank_f_Erysipelotrichaceae, Phascolarctobacterium Coriobacteriaceae_UGG_002, and Allobaculum and increase in the relative abundance of Escherichia shigella, Christensenella, Acetivibrio_ethanolgignens, and Butyricicoccus. MFE40 had no significant influence on the inflammatory factors in healthy rats. CONCLUSIONS Citrate esters and hydroxycinnamate esters are the main active constituents of MFE40. MFE40 exhibited a remission effect on CD rats and inhibited intestinal obstruction and lung injury via anti-inflammatory effects and regulation of the intestinal microbiota-gut-lung homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Liu Y, Chen Q, Ren R, Zhang Q, Yan G, Yin D, Zhang M, Yang Y. Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharides deeply participate in the anti-chronic bronchitis effects of platycodon grandiflorus decoction, a representative of “the lung and intestine are related”. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927384. [PMID: 36160385 PMCID: PMC9489837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. (PG) root is one of the most commonly used medicine-food materials for respiratory discomfort in Asia, usually in the form of a decoction or leaching solution. As everyone knows, both of decoction and leaching solution is a polyphase dispersion system, containing low-molecular-weight water-soluble active ingredients and hydrophilic macromolecules. This study aimed to discuss the synergistic effect of Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide (PGP) and platycodin D (PD) in PG decoction against chronic bronchitis (CB) and the mechanism underlying. A series of PGP, PD, and PGD + PD suspensions were administrated to CB model rats, on the levels of whole animal and in situ intestinal segment with or without mesenteric lymphatic vessels ligation. It exhibited that PGP exhibited synergistic effects with PD, on improving the histopathological abnormity, mucus secretion excess, and immunological imbalance in lung of CB model rat, closely associated with its modulations on the mucosal immunity status in small intestine. The polysaccharide macromolecules in PG decoction or leaching solution should be responsible for the modulation of pulmonary immune state, possibly through the common mucosal immune between small intestine and lung. These results might be a new perspective that illustrates the classical theory of “the lung and intestine are related” in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Rongrong Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Guiming Yan
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Ye Yang,
| | - Mingyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Ye Yang,
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He Q, Shi Y, Tang Q, Xing H, Zhang H, Wang M, Chen X. Herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 based on the gut-lung axis. ACUPUNCTURE AND HERBAL MEDICINE 2022; 2:172-183. [PMID: 37808350 PMCID: PMC9746256 DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory symptoms are most commonly experienced by patients in the early stages of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, with a better understanding of COVID-19, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting have attracted increasing attention. The gastrointestinal tract may be a target organ of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The intestinal microecological balance is a crucial factor for homeostasis, including immunity and inflammation, which are closely related to COVID-19. Herbal medicine can restore intestinal function and regulate the gut flora structure. Herbal medicine has a long history of treating lung diseases from the perspective of the intestine, which is called the gut-lung axis. The physiological activities of guts and lungs influence each other through intestinal flora, microflora metabolites, and mucosal immunity. Microecological modulators are included in the diagnosis and treatment protocols for COVID-19. In this review, we demonstrate the relationship between COVID-19 and the gut, gut-lung axis, and the role of herbal medicine in treating respiratory diseases originating from the intestinal tract. It is expected that the significance of herbal medicine in treating respiratory diseases from the perspective of the intestinal tract could lead to new ideas and methods for treatment. Graphical abstract http://links.lww.com/AHM/A33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Wang
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University/SU Biomedicine, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Wang L, Pelgrim CE, Peralta Marzal LN, Korver S, van Ark I, Leusink-Muis T, van Helvoort A, Keshavarzian A, Kraneveld AD, Garssen J, Henricks PAJ, Folkerts G, Braber S. Changes in intestinal homeostasis and immunity in a cigarette smoke- and LPS-induced murine model for COPD: the lung-gut axis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L266-L280. [PMID: 35699290 PMCID: PMC9423728 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00486.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often associated with intestinal comorbidities. In this study, changes in intestinal homeostasis and immunity in a cigarette smoke (CS)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COPD model were investigated. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or air for 72 days, except days 42, 52, and 62 on which the mice were treated with saline or LPS via intratracheal instillation. Cigarette smoke exposure increased the airway inflammatory cell numbers, mucus production, and different inflammatory mediators, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum. LPS did not further impact airway inflammatory cell numbers or mucus production but decreased inflammatory mediator levels in BAL fluid. T helper (Th) 1 cells were enhanced in the spleen after cigarette smoke exposure; however, in combination with LPS, cigarette exposure caused an increase in Th1 and Th2 cells. Histomorphological changes were observed in the proximal small intestine after cigarette smoke exposure, and addition of LPS had no effect. Cigarette smoke activated the intestinal immune network for IgA production in the distal small intestine that was associated with increased fecal sIgA levels and enlargement of Peyer's patches. Cigarette smoke plus LPS decreased fecal sIgA levels and the size of Peyer's patches. In conclusion, cigarette smoke with or without LPS affects intestinal health as observed by changes in intestinal histomorphology and immune network for IgA production. Elevated systemic mediators might play a role in the lung-gut cross talk. These findings contribute to a better understanding of intestinal disorders related to COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Pelgrim
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucía N Peralta Marzal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Korver
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van Ark
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thea Leusink-Muis
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A J Henricks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Wang Q, Fang Z, Li L, Wang H, Zhu J, Zhang P, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Lu W, Chen W. Lactobacillus mucosae exerted different antiviral effects on respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001313. [PMID: 36090099 PMCID: PMC9459143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a constant threat to the health of young children, and this is mainly attributed to the lack of effective prevention strategies. This study aimed to determine whether Lactobacillus (L.) mucosae, a potential probiotic, could protect against respiratory viral infection in a mouse model. Naive 3–4-week-old BALB/c mice were orally administered with three L. mucosae strains (2.5 × 108 CFU/mouse) 7 days before RSV infection (105 TCID50/mouse). Results showed that all three strains inhibited RSV replication and reduced the proportions of inflammatory cells, including granulocytes and monocytes in the blood. The L. mucosae M104R01L3 treatment maintained stable weight in mice and increased interferon (IFN)-β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. The L. mucosae DCC1HL5 treatment increased interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 levels. Moreover, the M104R01L3 and DCC1HL5 strains increased the proportions of Akkermansia, Alistipes, and Anaeroplasma which contributed to the advantageous modulation of the gut microbiota. Besides, L. mucosae affected the gut levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that are important for the antiviral response. L. mucosae 1,025 increased acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels, whereas L. mucosae M104R01L3 increased the level of acetate in the gut. L. mucosae M104R01L3 may protect against viral infection by upregulating the IFN-β levels in the lungs and its antiviral effect may be related to the increase of acetate levels in the gut. In conclusion, the three L. mucosae strains exerted antiviral effects against RSV infection by differentially regulating immune responses and intestinal micro-ecological balance. This study can provide a reference for studying the mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of L. mucosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhifeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research, Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwei Lu,
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Uwaezuoke SN, Ayuk AC, Eze JN, Odimegwu CL, Ndiokwelu CO, Eze IC. Postnatal probiotic supplementation can prevent and optimize treatment of childhood asthma and atopic disorders: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:956141. [PMID: 36061384 PMCID: PMC9437454 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.956141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published over the past 5 years show that prenatal or postnatal probiotics may prevent or optimize the treatment of childhood asthma and atopic disorders, findings from the systematic reviews and meta-analyses of these studies appear inconsistent. More recent RCTs have focused on postnatal probiotics, and linked specific probiotic strains to better disease outcomes. Objective This systematic review aimed to determine if postnatal probiotics are as effective as prenatal probiotics in preventing or treating childhood asthma and atopic disorders. Methods We searched the PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases for RCTs published within the past 5 years (from 2017 to 2022). We included only full-text RCTs on human subjects published in or translated into the English language. We retrieved relevant data items with a preconceived data-extraction form and assessed the methodological quality of the selected RCTs using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials. We qualitatively synthesized the retrieved data to determine any significant differences in study endpoints of the probiotic and placebo groups. Results A total of 1,320 participants (688 and 632 in the probiotic and placebo groups) from six RCTs were investigated. One RCT showed that early Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) led to a reduction in the cumulative incidence rate of asthma. Another study demonstrated that mixed strains of Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus fermentum could support clinical improvement in children with asthma while one trial reported a significant reduction in the frequency of asthma exacerbations using a mixture of Ligilactobacillus salivarius and Bifidobacterium breve. Three trials showed that a combination of LGG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus alone, and a probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus ŁOCK strains improved clinical outcomes in children with atopic dermatitis and cow-milk protein allergy. Conclusions Postnatal strain-specific probiotics (in single or mixed forms) are beneficial in preventing and treating atopic dermatitis and other allergies. Similarly, specific strains are more effective in preventing asthma or improving asthma outcomes. We recommend more interventional studies to establish the most useful probiotic strain in these allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N. Uwaezuoke
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze C. Ayuk
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Joy N. Eze
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chioma L. Odimegwu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chibuzo O. Ndiokwelu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ikenna C. Eze
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Wang J, Luo L, Zhao X, Xue X, Liao L, Deng Y, Zhou M, Peng C, Li Y. Forsythiae Fructuse extracts alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice by regulating PPAR-γ/RXR-α in lungs and colons. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115322. [PMID: 35483561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Forsythiae Fructuse (FF), the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is used as a traditional Chinese medicine that has been reported to exert good anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of many lung diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of FF in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) based on gut-lung axis. MATERIALS AND METHODS ALI model was established by the intratracheal instillation of 5 mg/kg LPS in ICR mice. Mice were administered intragastrically with dexamethasone (DEX), and low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose of FF extracts (LFF, MFF and HFF) in addition to the mice of control (CON) and model (MOD) groups. Pathological observation and inflammation scoring of lung tissues were based on HE staining. Limulus lysate assay was used to detect endotoxin levels in serum. Western blot and Real-time quantitative PCR were respectively applied to detect the protein and mRNA expressions in both lung and colon tissues. RESULTS Lung pathological injury, inflammatory score and inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) could be effectively suppressed by FF in LPS-induced ALI mice. FF also increased the proteins of epithelial markers (E-cadherin, ZO-1 and Claudin-1) in lung and colon tissues, and decreased colonic inflammatory genes for protecting the epithelial barriers of lung and colon. The protein expression of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway in lung and colon was significantly inhibited by FF via the regulation of PPAR-γ, a nuclear hormone receptor that forms the heterodimer with RXR-α to inhibit inflammatory gene transcription. More specifically, FF promoted the upregulation of protein, phosphorylated proteins and genes of PPAR-γ/RXR-α in lungs, while inhibited the protein overexpression and phosphorylation of PPAR-γ/RXR-α in colons. CONCLUSIONS FF exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and protected the epithelial barriers in lungs and colons by regulating PPAR-γ/RXR-α in the treatment of LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Hong Y, Chu Z, Kong J, Li Q, Li N, Liu L, Wu T, Liu J, Ge D, Li J, Peng G. IL-17A aggravates asthma-induced intestinal immune injury by promoting neutrophil trafficking. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:425-435. [PMID: 35815539 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0622-426rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
With the concept of the gut-lung axis reinforced in recent years, emerging evidence has shown that intestinal homeostasis is vital for lung health. Nevertheless, the impacts of lung homeostasis on intestinal tracts and their mechanism are rarely studied. Our results showed that papain-induced asthmatic mice exhibited apparent colonic injuries compared with controls, including increased intestinal permeability, neutrophil and Th17 infiltration in the colonic lamina propria. Moreover, the intranasal administration of papain aggravated such colonic injuries in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, as evidenced by increased occult blood scores, shortened colon length, and accumulated neutrophils. The level of IL-17A was also higher in the serum of asthmatic mice than wild-type mice. Interestingly, the pathologic scores, the proportion of Th17 cells, and neutrophil infiltration in the colon were markedly reduced after IL-17A blocking. Similarly, longer length, lower pathologic scores, and fewer neutrophils were also observed in the colon of IL-17-deficient asthmatic mice. More importantly, we demonstrated that severe gastrointestinal symptoms could accompany clinical asthmatics. The frequencies of Th17 cells and the mRNA expression of IL-17A in the peripheral blood of these patients were significantly enhanced. Besides, the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale scores positively correlated with the frequencies of Th17 in asthmatics. These findings enlighten that IL-17A aggravates asthma-induced intestinal immune injury by promoting neutrophil trafficking, which facilitates the exploration of new potential biomarkers to treat asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Hong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhulang Chu
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Kong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyi Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liting Liu
- Zengcheng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dong Zhi Men Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyu Ge
- Scientific Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dong Zhi Men Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guiying Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Role of the Microbiota in Lung Cancer: Insights on Prevention and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116138. [PMID: 35682816 PMCID: PMC9181592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota is increasingly recognized as a critical player in cancer onset and progression and response to cancer chemotherapy treatment. In recent years, several preclinical and clinical studies have evidenced the involvement of microbiota in lung cancer, one of the world’s deadliest cancers. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiota can impact this type of cancer and patient survival and response to treatments remain poorly investigated. In this review, the peculiarities of the gut and lung microbial ecosystems have been highlighted, and recent findings illustrating the possible mechanisms underlying the microbiota–lung cancer interaction and the host immune response have been discussed. In addition, the mucosal immune system has been identified as a crucial communication frame to ease interactive dynamics between the immune system and the microbiota. Finally, the use of specific next-generation intestinal probiotic strains in counteracting airway diseases has been evaluated. We believe that restoring homeostasis and the balance of bacterial microflora should become part of the routine of integrated cancer interventions, using probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, and promoting a healthy diet and lifestyle.
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Zhuye Shigao Decoction Combined with Qingqi Huatan Pills in Alleviating the Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Phlegm-Heat Stagnating in the Lungs) via the IL-6-Mediated JAK1/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7942623. [PMID: 35571736 PMCID: PMC9106455 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7942623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease with a long course which is often induced by an acute exacerbation of the disease by a respiratory tract infection. We aimed to explore the effect of Zhuye Shigao Decoction combined with Qingqi Huatan Pills on the regulation of the interleukin (IL)-6-mediated JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway in rats with an acute exacerbation of COPD (phlegm-heat stagnating in the lungs). A model of COPD rats with lung phlegm-heat stagnation was established by smoking and intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The rats were randomly divided into eight groups: normal control, model control, three doses of herbs group, and three doses of herbs + itacitinib groups. The lung function indexes were measured by using a lung function tester, and changes in pathological features of all groups were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The mRNA expression and protein expression levels in lung tissues were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot, and immunohistochemical assay, respectively. Following treatment, IL-6 expression in lung tissues was significantly reduced compared with the model group. The results demonstrated that the medication was effective in alleviating the persistent airflow limitation and pathological features in COPD rats. Expression of JAK1/STAT3 in lung tissues was remarkably decreased. The JAK1/STAT3 pathway was inhibited, while SOCS3 expression was upregulated in the drug-treated groups compared with model control. However, after the addition of itacitinib (JAK1 inhibitor), the efficacy in each group was evidently impaired compared with herbs alone. Taken together, Zhuye Shigao Decoction combined with Qingqi Huatan Pills could improve the persistent airflow limitation and reduce lung inflammation and pathological changes of COPD possibly by regulating the expression of the IL-6-mediated JAK1/STAT3 pathway.
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Singh B, Eshaghian E, Chuang J, Covasa M. Do Diet and Dietary Supplements Mitigate Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091909. [PMID: 35565876 PMCID: PMC9104892 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a pandemic and upheaval that health authorities and citizens around the globe are still grappling with to this day. While public health measures, vaccine development, and new therapeutics have made great strides in understanding and managing the pandemic, there has been an increasing focus on the potential roles of diet and supplementation in disease prevention and adjuvant treatment. In the literature, the impact of nutrition on other respiratory illnesses, including the common cold, pneumonia, and influenza, has been widely demonstrated in both animal and human models. However, there is much less research on the impact related to COVID-19. The present study discusses the potential uses of diets, vitamins, and supplements, including the Mediterranean diet, glutathione, zinc, and traditional Chinese medicine, in the prevention of infection and severe illness. The evidence demonstrating the efficacy of diet supplementation on infection risk, disease duration, severity, and recovery is mixed and inconsistent. More clinical trials are necessary in order to clearly demonstrate the contribution of nutrition and to guide potential therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavdeep Singh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (B.S.); (E.E.); (J.C.)
| | - Eli Eshaghian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (B.S.); (E.E.); (J.C.)
| | - Judith Chuang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (B.S.); (E.E.); (J.C.)
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (B.S.); (E.E.); (J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Suceava, 7200229 Suceava, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Hou K, Wu ZX, Chen XY, Wang JQ, Zhang D, Xiao C, Zhu D, Koya JB, Wei L, Li J, Chen ZS. Microbiota in health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:135. [PMID: 35461318 PMCID: PMC9034083 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 245.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, microbiota can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota. The microbial communities are in symbiosis with the host, contributing to homeostasis and regulating immune function. However, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to dysregulation of bodily functions and diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of how microbiota links to host health or pathogenesis. We first summarize the research of microbiota in healthy conditions, including the gut-brain axis, colonization resistance and immune modulation. Then, we highlight the pathogenesis of microbiota dysbiosis in disease development and progression, primarily associated with dysregulation of community composition, modulation of host immune response, and induction of chronic inflammation. Finally, we introduce the clinical approaches that utilize microbiota for disease treatment, such as microbiota modulation and fecal microbial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijian Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Xuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Microbiome Research Center, Moon (Guangzhou) Biotech Ltd, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Chuanxing Xiao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Jagadish B Koya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Liuya Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Jilin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
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Cytlak UM, Dyer DP, Honeychurch J, Williams KJ, Travis MA, Illidge TM. Immunomodulation by radiotherapy in tumour control and normal tissue toxicity. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:124-138. [PMID: 34211187 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a highly effective anticancer treatment that is delivered to more than half of all patients with cancer. In addition to the well-documented direct cytotoxic effects, RT can have immunomodulatory effects on the tumour and surrounding tissues. These effects are thought to underlie the so-called abscopal responses, whereby RT generates systemic antitumour immunity outside the irradiated tumour. The full scope of these immune changes remains unclear but is likely to involve multiple components, such as immune cells, the extracellular matrix, endothelial and epithelial cells and a myriad of chemokines and cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). In normal tissues exposed to RT during cancer therapy, acute immune changes may ultimately lead to chronic inflammation and RT-induced toxicity and organ dysfunction, which limits the quality of life of survivors of cancer. Here we discuss the emerging understanding of RT-induced immune effects with particular focus on the lungs and gut and the potential immune crosstalk that occurs between these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula M Cytlak
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Douglas P Dyer
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie Honeychurch
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark A Travis
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Timothy M Illidge
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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40
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Li Y, Li N, Liu J, Wang T, Dong R, Ge D, Peng G. Gegen Qinlian Decoction Alleviates Experimental Colitis and Concurrent Lung Inflammation by Inhibiting the Recruitment of Inflammatory Myeloid Cells and Restoring Microbial Balance. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1273-1291. [PMID: 35237061 PMCID: PMC8884713 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s352706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ulcerative colitis (UC) as one of the intractable diseases in gastroenterology seriously threatens human health. Respiratory pathology is a representative extraintestinal manifestation of UC affecting the quality of life of patients. Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription for UC or acute lung injury. This study was aimed to reveal the therapeutic effect of GQD on UC and its pulmonary complications and uncover its molecular mechanism mediated by myeloid cells and microbiota. Methods Mice with DSS-induced colitis were orally administrated with GQD. Overall vital signs were assessed by body weight loss and disease activity index (DAI). Pulmonary general signs were evaluated by pulmonary pathology and lung function. The mechanism of GQD relieving UC was characterized by detecting myeloid cells (neutrophils, macrophages, inflammatory monocytes, and resident monocytes) in colonic and lung tissues, related inflammatory cytokines, as well as the microbiota in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and feces. Results GQD significantly reduced weight loss, DAI scores, and lung injury but improved the lung function of colitis mice. The DSS-induced colonic and concurrent pulmonary inflammation were also alleviated by GQD, as indicated by the down-regulated expressions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CCR2, and CCL2) and the suppressed recruitment of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. Meanwhile, GQD greatly improved intestinal microbiota imbalance by enriching Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 while decreasing Parabacteroides, [Eubacterium]_fissicatena_group, and Akkermansia in the feces of colitis mice. Expectantly, GQD also restored lung microbiota imbalance by clearing excessive Coprococcus 2 and Ochrobactrum in the BALF of colitis mice. Finally, significant correlations appeared between GQD-mediated specific bacteria and inflammatory cytokines or immune cells. Conclusion GQD could alleviate UC by decreasing excessive inflammatory myeloid cells and cytokines, and reshaping the microbiota between the colon and lung, which contributes to clarifying the mechanism by which GQD ameliorates colitis-associated pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijuan Dong
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Ge
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiying Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guiying Peng, Email
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41
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Gut Microbiome and Organ Fibrosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020352. [PMID: 35057530 PMCID: PMC8781069 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process associated with most chronic inflammatory diseases. It is defined by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and can affect nearly every tissue and organ system in the body. Fibroproliferative diseases, such as intestinal fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, progressive kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, often lead to severe organ damage and are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, for which there are currently no effective therapies available. In the past decade, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the gut microbiome as a major player in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune system, with severe implications in the pathogenesis of multiple immune-mediated disorders. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with the development and progression of fibrotic processes in various organs and is predicted to be a potential therapeutic target for fibrosis management. In this review we summarize the state of the art concerning the crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and organ fibrosis, address the relevance of diet in different fibrotic diseases and discuss gut microbiome-targeted therapeutic approaches that are current being explored.
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Gautam Y, Johansson E, Mersha TB. Multi-Omics Profiling Approach to Asthma: An Evolving Paradigm. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010066. [PMID: 35055381 PMCID: PMC8778153 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex multifactorial and heterogeneous respiratory disease. Although genetics is a strong risk factor of asthma, external and internal exposures and their interactions with genetic factors also play important roles in the pathophysiology of asthma. Over the past decades, the application of high-throughput omics approaches has emerged and been applied to the field of asthma research for screening biomarkers such as genes, transcript, proteins, and metabolites in an unbiased fashion. Leveraging large-scale studies representative of diverse population-based omics data and integrating with clinical data has led to better profiling of asthma risk. Yet, to date, no omic-driven endotypes have been translated into clinical practice and management of asthma. In this article, we provide an overview of the current status of omics studies of asthma, namely, genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, exposomics, and metabolomics. The current development of the multi-omics integrations of asthma is also briefly discussed. Biomarker discovery following multi-omics profiling could be challenging but useful for better disease phenotyping and endotyping that can translate into advances in asthma management and clinical care, ultimately leading to successful precision medicine approaches.
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43
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Sun X, Wang D, Wei L, Ding L, Guo Y, Wang Z, Kong Y, Yang J, Sun L, Sun L. Gut Microbiota and SCFAs Play Key Roles in QingFei Yin Recipe Anti- Streptococcal Pneumonia Effects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:791466. [PMID: 34950611 PMCID: PMC8688933 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.791466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has revealed the presence in animals of a bidirectional regulatory “lung-gut axis” that provides resistance to respiratory infections. Clues to the existence of this system stem from observations that respiratory infections are often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, whereby intestinal microbiota appear to play pivotal roles in combating pathogenic infections. Importantly, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota appear to serve as the biological link between host immune defenses and gut flora. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pn), the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections, is involved in more than 1.189 million deaths per year. QingFei Yin (QFY) is known for its excellent therapeutic efficacy in combating bacterial lung infections. In this study, effects of S.pn infection on gut homeostasis were assessed using 16S RNA-based microbiota community profiling analysis. In addition, potential mechanisms underlying QFY recipe beneficial therapeutic effects against bacterial pneumonia were explored using S.pn-infected gut microbiota-depleted mice. Results of data analysis indicated that QFY treatment alleviated lung infection-associated pathogenic processes, while also promoting repair of disordered gut flora and counteracting S.pn infection-associated decreases in levels of SCFAs, particularly of acetate and butyrate. Mechanistically, QFY treatment suppressed inflammatory lung injury through inhibition of the host NF-κB-NLRP3 pathway. These results inspired us to identify precise QFY targets and mechanisms underlying QFY anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, we conducted an in-depth evaluation of QFY as a potential treatment for bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China., Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Wei
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lizhong Ding
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongtian Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yibu Kong
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China., Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liping Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Center of Children's Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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44
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Dietary Fibers: Effects, Underlying Mechanisms and Possible Role in Allergic Asthma Management. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114153. [PMID: 34836408 PMCID: PMC8621630 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of asthma is increasing, but the cause remains under debate. Research currently focuses on environmental and dietary factors that may impact the gut-lung axis. Dietary fibers are considered to play a crucial role in supporting diversity and activity of the microbiome, as well as immune homeostasis in the gut and lung. This review discusses the current state of knowledge on how dietary fibers and their bacterial fermentation products may affect the pathophysiology of allergic asthma. Moreover, the impact of dietary fibers on early type 2 asthma management, as shown in both pre-clinical and clinical studies, is described. Short-chain fatty acids, fiber metabolites, modulate host immunity and might reduce the risk of allergic asthma development. Underlying mechanisms include G protein-coupled receptor activation and histone deacetylase inhibition. These results are supported by studies in mice, children and adults with allergic asthma. Fibers might also exert direct effects on the immune system via yet to be elucidated mechanisms. However, the effects of specific types of fiber, dosages, duration of treatment, and combination with probiotics, need to be explored. There is an urgent need to further valorize the potential of specific dietary fibers in prevention and treatment of allergic asthma by conducting more large-scale dietary intervention trials.
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45
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Zhou D, Wang Q, Liu H. Coronavirus disease-19 and the gut-lung axis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 113:300-307. [PMID: 34517046 PMCID: PMC8431834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal and respiratory tract diseases often occur together. There are many overlapping pathologies, leading to the concept of the ‘gut–lung axis’ in which stimulation on one side triggers a response on the other side. This axis appears to be implicated in infections involving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has triggered the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in which respiratory symptoms of fever, cough and dyspnoea often occur together with gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Besides the gut–lung axis, it should be noted that the gut participates in numerous axes which may affect lung function, and consequently the severity of COVID-19, through several pathways. This article focuses on the latest evidence and the mechanisms that drive the operation of the gut–lung axis, and discusses the interaction between the gut–lung axis and its possible involvement in COVID-19 from the perspective of microbiota, microbiota metabolites, microbial dysbiosis, common mucosal immunity and angiotensin-converting enzyme II, raising hypotheses and providing methods to guide future research on this new disease and its treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Qiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education.
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46
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Gui X, Yang Z, Li MD. Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Gut Microbiota: State of Knowledge. Front Physiol 2021; 12:673341. [PMID: 34220536 PMCID: PMC8245763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.673341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a representative source of toxic chemical exposures to humans, and the adverse consequences of cigarette smoking are mediated by its effect on both neuronal and immune-inflammatory systems. Cigarette smoking also is a major risk factor for intestinal disorders, such as Crohn's disease and peptic ulcer. On the other hand, cigarette smoking is protective against developing ulcerative colitis. The effects of cigarette smoking on intestinal disorders include changes in intestinal irrigation and microbiome, increases in permeability of the mucosa, and impaired mucosal immune responses. However, the underlying mechanism linking cigarette smoking with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is largely unknown. In this communication, we first review the current knowledge about the mechanistic interaction between cigarette smoke and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, which include the likely actions of nicotine, aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, volatile organic compounds and toxic gases, and then reveal the potential mechanisms of the lung-gut cross talk and skin-gut cross talk in regulating the balance of intestinal microbiota and the interrelation of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and systemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Gui
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming D. Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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47
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Trivedi S, Grossmann AH, Jensen O, Cody MJ, Wahlig TA, Hayakawa Serpa P, Langelier C, Warren KJ, Yost CC, Leung DT. Intestinal Infection Is Associated With Impaired Lung Innate Immunity to Secondary Respiratory Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab237. [PMID: 34189172 PMCID: PMC8231398 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia and diarrhea are among the leading causes of death worldwide, and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that diarrhea is associated with an increased risk of subsequent pneumonia. Our aim was to determine the impact of intestinal infection on innate immune responses in the lung. Methods Using a mouse model of intestinal infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium [ST]), we investigated associations between gastrointestinal infections and lung innate immune responses to bacterial (Klebsiella pneumoniae) challenge. Results We found alterations in frequencies of innate immune cells in the lungs of intestinally infected mice compared with uninfected mice. On subsequent challenge with K. pneumoniae, we found that mice with prior intestinal infection have higher lung bacterial burden and inflammation, increased neutrophil margination, and neutrophil extracellular traps, but lower overall numbers of neutrophils, compared with mice without prior intestinal infection. Total numbers of dendritic cells, innate-like T cells, and natural killer cells were not different between mice with and without prior intestinal infection. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that intestinal infection impacts lung innate immune responses, most notably neutrophil characteristics, potentially resulting in increased susceptibility to secondary pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Allie H Grossmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Owen Jensen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mark J Cody
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Taylor A Wahlig
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Paula Hayakawa Serpa
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Charles Langelier
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kristi J Warren
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christian C Yost
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel T Leung
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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48
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A meta-analysis reveals the effectiveness of probiotics and prebiotics against respiratory viral infection. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227885. [PMID: 33604601 PMCID: PMC7955103 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental experience suggests that microbial agents including probiotics and prebiotics (representative microbial agents) play a critical role in defending against respiratory virus infection. We aim to systematically examine these agents' effect on respiratory viral infection and encourage research into clinical applications. An electronic literature search was conducted from published data with a combination of a microbial agents search component containing synonyms for microbial agents-related terms and a customized search component for respiratory virus infection. Hazard ratio (HR), risk ratio (RR) and standard deviation (SD) were employed as effect estimates. In 45 preclinical studies, the mortality rates decreased in the respiratory viral infection models that included prebiotics or prebiotics as interventions (HR: 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56-0.87; P=0.002). There was a significant decrease in viral load due to improved gut microbiota (SD: -1.22; 95% CI: -1.50 to -0.94; P<0.001). Concentrations of interferon (IFN)-α (SD: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.33-1.77; P=0.004), IFN-γ (SD: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.01-1.65; P=0.05) and interleukin (IL)-12 (SD: 2.42; 95% CI: 0.32-4.52; P=0.02), IL-1β (SD: 0.01; 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.40; P=0.94) increased, whereas those of TNF-α (SD: -0.58; 95% CI: -1.59 to 0.43; P=0.26) and IL-6 (SD: -0.59; 95% CI: -1.24 to 0.07; P=0.08) decreased. Six clinical studies had lower symptom scores (SD: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.44 to 0.26; P=0.61) and less incidence of infection (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.64-1.01; P=0.06). Our research indicates that probiotics and prebiotics pose a defensive possibility on respiratory viral infection and may encourage the clinical application.
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49
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Ceccarelli G, Borrazzo C, Pinacchio C, Santinelli L, Innocenti GP, Cavallari EN, Celani L, Marazzato M, Alessandri F, Ruberto F, Pugliese F, Venditti M, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G. Oral Bacteriotherapy in Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Nutr 2021; 7:613928. [PMID: 33505983 PMCID: PMC7829198 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.613928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mounting evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 may impact on host microbiota and gut inflammation, infecting intestinal epithelial cells. This possible link and its implications can be investigated by observing the effects of modulation of the microbial flora in patients with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of mortality, the need of ICU hospitalization and the length of hospitalization in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who received the best available therapy (BAT) vs. patients treated with BAT and supplemented with oral bacteriotherapy. Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study included 200 adults with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. All patients received therapeutic regimens including low molecular weight heparin plus one or more between hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, antivirals, and Tocilizumab. Oral bacteriotherapy was used as complementary treatment. Results: Out of the 200 patients, 112 received BAT without oral bacteriotherapy, and 88 BAT with oral bacteriotherapy. Crude mortality was 22%. Eleven percent died in the group of patients treated with BAT plus oral bacteriotherapy vs. 30% subjects in the group of patients managed only with BAT (p < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, the age >65 years, CRP >41.8 mg/L, Platelets <150.000 mmc, and cardiovascular events were associated with the increased risk of mortality. Oral bacteriotherapy was an independent variable associated with a reduced risk for death. Despite large prospective trials are needed, this study highlights a possible role for oral bacteriotherapy in the management of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.,Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Nelson Cavallari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Celani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marazzato
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandri
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Ruberto
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pugliese
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Venditti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
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Din AU, Mazhar M, Waseem M, Ahmad W, Bibi A, Hassan A, Ali N, Gang W, Qian G, Ullah R, Shah T, Ullah M, Khan I, Nisar MF, Wu J. SARS-CoV-2 microbiome dysbiosis linked disorders and possible probiotics role. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110947. [PMID: 33197765 PMCID: PMC7657099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak of unknown etiology was reported which caused panic in Wuhan city of central China, which was later identified as Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and WHO. To date, the SARS-CoV-2 spread has already become a global pandemic with a considerable death toll. The associated symptoms of the COVID-19 infection varied with increased inflammation as an everyday pathological basis. Among various other symptoms such as fever, cough, lethargy, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms included diarrhea and IBD with colitis, have been reported. Currently, there is no sole cure for COVID-19, and researchers are actively engaged to search out appropriate treatment and develop a vaccine for its prevention. Antiviral for controlling viral load and corticosteroid therapy for reducing inflammation seems to be inadequate to control the fatality rate. Based on the available related literature, which documented GI symptoms with diarrhea, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) with colitis, and increased deaths in the intensive care unit (ICU), conclude that dysbiosis occurs during SARS-COV-2 infection as the gut-lung axis cannot be ignored. As probiotics play a therapeutic role for GI, IBD, colitis, and even in viral infection. So, we assume that the inclusion of studies to investigate gut microbiome and subsequent therapies such as probiotics might help decrease the inflammatory response of viral pathogenesis and respiratory symptoms by strengthening the host immune system, amelioration of gut microbiome, and improvement of gut barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ud Din
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Maryam Mazhar
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Muhammed Waseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China; College of Marine Life Sciences and Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Asma Bibi
- Institute of Zoonosis Anhui Medical University, Hefei Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Adil Hassan
- Key Laboratory for Bio-rheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Niaz Ali
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Wang Gang
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Gao Qian
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Razi Ullah
- Key Laboratory for Bio-rheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Tariq Shah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mehraj Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology School of Fermentation Engineering Tianjin University of Science and Technology China, China
| | - Israr Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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