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Zambrano C, González-Alvarado E, Salmerón D, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Luján J, Scheer FAJL, Garaulet M. Time-restricted eating affects human adipose tissue fat mobilization. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024. [PMID: 39073251 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Time-restricted eating (TRE), a dietary approach that confines food intake to specific time windows, has shown metabolic benefits. However, its impact on body weight loss remains inconclusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of early TRE (eTRE) and delayed TRE (dTRE) on fat mobilization using human adipose tissue (AT) cultures. METHODS Subcutaneous AT was collected from 21 participants with severe obesity. We assessed fat mobilization by measuring glycerol release in AT culture across four treatment conditions: control, eTRE, dTRE, and 24-h fasting. RESULTS TRE had a significant impact on lipolysis (glycerol release [mean (SD)] in micromoles per hour per gram: control, 0.05 [0.003]; eTRE, 0.10 [0.006]; dTRE, 0.08 [0.005]; and fasting, 0.17 [0.008]; p < 0.0001). Both eTRE and dTRE increased lipolysis compared with the control group, with eTRE showing higher glycerol mobilization than dTRE during the overall 24-h time window, especially at the nighttime/habitual sleep episode (p < 0.0001). Further analysis of TRE based on fasting duration revealed that, independently of the time window, glycerol release increased with fasting duration (in micromoles per hour per gram: 8 h = 0.08 [0.001]; 12 h = 0.09 [0.008]; and 16 h of fasting = 0.12 [0.011]; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the potential benefits of TRE on fat mobilization and may guide the design of future dietary strategies for weight management and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Zambrano
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena González-Alvarado
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego Salmerón
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- ibs.GRANADA Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada University Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Luján
- General Surgery Service, Hospital Quirónsalud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Windred DP, Burns AC, Rutter MK, Ching Yeung CH, Lane JM, Xiao Q, Saxena R, Cain SW, Phillips AJ. Personal light exposure patterns and incidence of type 2 diabetes: analysis of 13 million hours of light sensor data and 670,000 person-years of prospective observation. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2024; 42:100943. [PMID: 39070751 PMCID: PMC11281921 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Background Light at night disrupts circadian rhythms, and circadian disruption is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Whether personal light exposure predicts diabetes risk has not been demonstrated in a large prospective cohort. We therefore assessed whether personal light exposure patterns predicted risk of incident type 2 diabetes in UK Biobank participants, using ∼13 million hours of light sensor data. Methods Participants (N = 84,790, age (M ± SD) = 62.3 ± 7.9 years, 58% female) wore light sensors for one week, recording day and night light exposure. Circadian amplitude and phase were modeled from weekly light data. Incident type 2 diabetes was recorded (1997 cases; 7.9 ± 1.2 years follow-up; excluding diabetes cases prior to light-tracking). Risk of incident type 2 diabetes was assessed as a function of day and night light, circadian phase, and circadian amplitude, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and polygenic risk. Findings Compared to people with dark nights (0-50th percentiles), diabetes risk was incrementally higher across brighter night light exposure percentiles (50-70th: multivariable-adjusted HR = 1.29 [1.14-1.46]; 70-90th: 1.39 [1.24-1.57]; and 90-100th: 1.53 [1.32-1.77]). Diabetes risk was higher in people with lower modeled circadian amplitude (aHR = 1.07 [1.03-1.10] per SD), and with early or late circadian phase (aHR range: 1.06-1.26). Night light and polygenic risk independently predicted higher diabetes risk. The difference in diabetes risk between people with bright and dark nights was similar to the difference between people with low and moderate genetic risk. Interpretation Type 2 diabetes risk was higher in people exposed to brighter night light, and in people exposed to light patterns that may disrupt circadian rhythms. Avoidance of light at night could be a simple and cost-effective recommendation that mitigates risk of diabetes, even in those with high genetic risk. Funding Australian Government Research Training Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Windred
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angus C. Burns
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin K. Rutter
- Centre for Biological Timing, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Ho Ching Yeung
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Lane
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Spatial-temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richa Saxena
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean W. Cain
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew J.K. Phillips
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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3
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Leahy S, Xiao Q, Yeung CHC, Figueiro MG. Associations between circadian alignment and cognitive functioning in a nationally representative sample of older adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13509. [PMID: 38866912 PMCID: PMC11169347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Proper alignment of activity-rest and light-dark patterns allows for healthy bodily functions to occur at optimal times of the day. Disruptions to this alignment may cause poor sleep as well as physical, mental, and cognitive problems. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine if poorer circadian alignment was associated with decreased cognitive functioning among older (> 60 years) participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We utilized actigraphy-based rest-activity and dark-light measurements to calculate phasor magnitude (strength of circadian alignment coupling) and phasor angle (phase difference between activity-rest and light-dark cycles). Multiple linear regression models were used to determine associations of phasor magnitude and angle with performance in various cognitive tests, including Digit Symbol Substitution Test score (DSSS), CERAD Savings Percentage (CSP), and Animal Fluency Test (AFT) score. The results showed that a lower phasor magnitude (which indicates decreased strength of alignment coupling between rest-activity and dark-light cycles) was significantly associated with decreased DSSS (indicating slower processing speed and poorer working memory) when controlling for many important sociodemographic factors. However, this association became non-significant when accounting for sleep duration and total physical activity. Phasor angle did not have a significant association with any of the cognitive scores. Overall, we provided evidence indicating that circadian alignment may be a predictor of cognitive performance. Future studies should investigate whether improving circadian alignment may improve cognitive function and prevent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Leahy
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Light and Health Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Public Health, Center of Spatial-Temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chris Ho Ching Yeung
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariana G Figueiro
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Light and Health Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Sa'ari AS, Hamid MRA, 'Ain Azizan N, Ismail NH. Examining the evidence between screen time and night eating behaviour with dietary intake related to metabolic syndrome: A narrative review. Physiol Behav 2024; 280:114562. [PMID: 38641187 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Screen time (ST) on digital devices has increased in recent decades due to digital development. Furthermore, constant engagement with digital devices alters sleep patterns, leading to nocturnal eating behaviour among users. These phenomena are therefore of great concern, as digital device addiction and night eating are associated with unhealthy food intake, increasing the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risks. The purpose of this review was to examine the evidence of the influence of ST and night eating behaviour (NEB) on dietary intake and its association with MetS based on previous literature. Prolonged ST and NEB have an association with excessive intake of energy from overconsumption of high-sugar and high-fat foods. However, the relationship between digital content and its influence on food intake is inconsistent. A higher MetS risk was found in individuals with longer ST due to a sedentary lifestyle, while positive energy balance and a shift in circadian rhythm contributed to night eaters. ST and NEB presented with a significant influence on food intake in adults. Additionally, unhealthy food intake due to excessive consumption of empty-calorie foods such as sweet and fatty foods due to addiction to electronic devices and eating at night has a detrimental effect on metabolic function. Therefore, improving food intake by reducing ST and night binges is essential to reduce the risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athirah Sorfina Sa'ari
- Centre for Dietetics Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ramadan Ab Hamid
- Centre for Dietetics Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia; Integrated Nutrition Science and Therapy Research Group (INSPiRE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul 'Ain Azizan
- Integrated Nutrition Science and Therapy Research Group (INSPiRE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43500, Malaysia
| | - Nazrul Hadi Ismail
- Centre for Dietetics Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia; Integrated Nutrition Science and Therapy Research Group (INSPiRE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300, Malaysia
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5
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McDermott JE, Jacobs JM, Merrill NJ, Mitchell HD, Arshad OA, McClure R, Teeguarden J, Gajula RP, Porter KI, Satterfield BC, Lundholm KR, Skene DJ, Gaddameedhi S, Dongen HPAV. Molecular-Level Dysregulation of Insulin Pathways and Inflammatory Processes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Circadian Misalignment. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1547-1558. [PMID: 38619923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Circadian misalignment due to night work has been associated with an elevated risk for chronic diseases. We investigated the effects of circadian misalignment using shotgun protein profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells taken from healthy humans during a constant routine protocol, which was conducted immediately after participants had been subjected to a 3-day simulated night shift schedule or a 3-day simulated day shift schedule. By comparing proteomic profiles between the simulated shift conditions, we identified proteins and pathways that are associated with the effects of circadian misalignment and observed that insulin regulation pathways and inflammation-related proteins displayed markedly different temporal patterns after simulated night shift. Further, by integrating the proteomic profiles with previously assessed metabolomic profiles in a network-based approach, we found key associations between circadian dysregulation of protein-level pathways and metabolites of interest in the context of chronic metabolic diseases. Endogenous circadian rhythms in circulating glucose and insulin differed between the simulated shift conditions. Overall, our results suggest that circadian misalignment is associated with a tug of war between central clock mechanisms controlling insulin secretion and peripheral clock mechanisms regulating insulin sensitivity, which may lead to adverse long-term outcomes such as diabetes and obesity. Our study provides a molecular-level mechanism linking circadian misalignment and adverse long-term health consequences of night work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E McDermott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Jon M Jacobs
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nathaniel J Merrill
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Hugh D Mitchell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Osama A Arshad
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ryan McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Justin Teeguarden
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Rajendra P Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Kenneth I Porter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Brieann C Satterfield
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Kirsie R Lundholm
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Debra J Skene
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
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Stutz B, Krueger B, Goletzke J, Jankovic N, Alexy U, Herder C, Dierkes J, Berg-Beckhoff G, Jakobsmeyer R, Reinsberger C, Buyken AE. Glycemic response to meals with a high glycemic index differs between morning and evening: a randomized cross-over controlled trial among students with early or late chronotype. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03372-4. [PMID: 38605233 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glycemic response to the same meal depends on daytime and alignment of consumption with the inner clock, which has not been examined by individual chronotype yet. This study examined whether the 2-h postprandial and 24-h glycemic response to a meal with high glycemic index (GI) differ when consumed early or late in the day among students with early or late chronotype. METHODS From a screening of 327 students aged 18-25 years, those with early (n = 22) or late (n = 23) chronotype participated in a 7-day randomized controlled cross-over intervention study. After a 3-day observational phase, standardized meals were provided on run-in/washout (days 4 and 6) and intervention (days 5 and 7), on which participants received a high GI meal (GI = 72) in the morning (7 a.m.) or in the evening (8 p.m.). All other meals had a medium GI. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to measure 2-h postprandial and 24-h glycemic responses and their variability. RESULTS Among students with early chronotype 2-h postprandial glucose responses to the high GI meal were higher in the evening than in the morning (iAUC: 234 (± 92) vs. 195 (± 91) (mmol/L) × min, p = 0.042). Likewise, mean and lowest 2-h postprandial glucose values were higher when the high GI meal was consumed in the evening (p < 0.001; p = 0.017). 24-h glycemic responses were similar irrespective of meal time. Participants with late chronotype consuming a high GI meal in the morning or evening showed similar 2-h postprandial (iAUC: 211 (± 110) vs. 207 (± 95) (mmol/L) × min, p = 0.9) and 24-h glycemic responses at both daytimes. CONCLUSIONS Diurnal differences in response to a high GI meal are confined to those young adults with early chronotype, whilst those with a late chronotype seem vulnerable to both very early and late high GI meals. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04298645; 22/01/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Stutz
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Bettina Krueger
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Janina Goletzke
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Nicole Jankovic
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, DONALD Study Centre, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, DONALD Study Centre, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Department of Clinical Medicine Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Jakobsmeyer
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Claus Reinsberger
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany.
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7
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Peters B, Vahlhaus J, Pivovarova-Ramich O. Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1359772. [PMID: 38586455 PMCID: PMC10995378 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1359772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Meal timing emerges as a crucial factor influencing metabolic health that can be explained by the tight interaction between the endogenous circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis. Mistimed food intake, such as delayed or nighttime consumption, leads to desynchronization of the internal circadian clock and is associated with an increased risk for obesity and associated metabolic disturbances such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, meal timing aligned with cellular rhythms can optimize the performance of tissues and organs. In this review, we provide an overview of the metabolic effects of meal timing and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we explore factors influencing meal timing, including internal determinants such as chronotype and genetics, as well as external influences like social factors, cultural aspects, and work schedules. This review could contribute to defining meal-timing-based recommendations for public health initiatives and developing guidelines for effective lifestyle modifications targeting the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Furthermore, it sheds light on crucial factors that must be considered in the design of future food timing intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beeke Peters
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - Janna Vahlhaus
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Her TK, Li J, Lin H, Liu D, Root KM, Regal JF, Alejandro EU, Cao R. Circadian Disruption across Lifespan Impairs Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity in Adult Mice. Metabolites 2024; 14:126. [PMID: 38393018 PMCID: PMC10892663 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. For example, night shift work is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes. However, the effects of chronic circadian disruption since early life on adult metabolic health trajectory remain unknown. Here, using the "Short Day" (SD) mouse model, in which an 8 h/8 h light/dark (LD) cycle was used to disrupt mouse circadian rhythms across the lifespan, we investigated glucose homeostasis in adult mice. Adult SD mice were fully entrained into the 8 h/8 h LD cycle, and control mice were entrained into the 12 h/12 h LD cycle. Under a normal chow diet, female and male SD mice displayed a normal body weight trajectory. However, female but not male SD mice under a normal chow diet displayed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, which are associated with impaired insulin signaling/AKT in the skeletal muscle and liver. Under high-fat diet (HFD) challenges, male but not female SD mice demonstrated increased body weight gain compared to controls. Both male and female SD mice developed glucose intolerance under HFD. Taken together, these results demonstrate that environmental disruption of circadian rhythms contributes to obesity in a sexually dimorphic manner but increases the risk of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy K. Her
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (J.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (K.M.R.); (J.F.R.)
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (J.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (K.M.R.); (J.F.R.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (J.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (K.M.R.); (J.F.R.)
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kate M. Root
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (J.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (K.M.R.); (J.F.R.)
| | - Jean F. Regal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (J.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (K.M.R.); (J.F.R.)
| | - Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (J.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (K.M.R.); (J.F.R.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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9
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Wang Q, Wu S, Luo Z, Pu L, Wang X, Guo M, Zhang M, Tang H, Chen M, Kong L, Huang P, Chen L, Li Z, Zhao D, Xiong Z. Effects of light therapy on sleep and circadian rhythm in older type 2 diabetics living in long-term care facilities: a randomized controlled trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1307537. [PMID: 38375195 PMCID: PMC10876060 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1307537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Light influences the secretion of melatonin in the body and regulates circadian rhythms, which play an important role in sleep and mood. The light level of rooms in long-term care facilities is usually far below the threshold required to regulate the body's circadian rhythm, and insufficient light can easily lead to sleep and mood disturbances among older residents in nursing homes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of light therapy on sleep and circadian rhythm in older adults with type 2 diabetes residing in long-term care facilities. Methods This study was a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to either the light therapy (LT) group or the control group and received the intervention for four weeks. Primary outcomes included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and objective sleep parameters recorded by a sleep monitoring bracelet, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). The secondary outcome included glycated serum protein (GSP). Data was collected at three time points: at baseline (T0), immediate post-treatment (T1), and 4-week follow-up (T2). A linear mixed model analysis was used to analyzed the data. Results We enrolled 45 long-term care residents. Compared with the control group, significant reductions in PSQI scores were observed at T1 and T2. At T2, the sleep score of objective sleep parameters was significantly higher in the LT group compared to the control group. Additionally, compared to the baseline T0, MEQ scores were significantly lower in the LT group at T1 and T2, with no significant difference in the control group. There was no significant difference between groups in glycated serum protein values at T1 and T2. However, compared to T0, glycated serum protein values decreased in the LT group while increased in the control group at T2. Conclusion Light therapy had a positive effect on subjective sleep quality and circadian rhythm time type in long-term care residents with type 2 diabetes, and had a possible delayed effect on objective sleep. However, no discernible alterations in blood glucose levels were detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Health and Medicine, Polus International College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Xindu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihui Pu
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland & School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Maoting Guo
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingjiao Zhang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxia Tang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Laixi Kong
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Health and Medicine, Polus International College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- School of Health and Medicine, Polus International College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xiong
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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10
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Makarem N, German CA, Zhang Z, Diaz KM, Palta P, Duncan DT, Castro‐Diehl C, Shechter A. Rest-Activity Rhythms Are Associated With Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension, Obesity, and Central Adiposity in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032073. [PMID: 38156474 PMCID: PMC10863829 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.032073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rest-activity rhythms (RARs), a measure of circadian rhythmicity in the free-living setting, are related to mortality risk, but evidence is limited on associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants included 4521 adults from the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey physical activity monitoring examination. Wrist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ data were used to estimate RARs. Multivariable logistic models evaluated associations of RARs with prevalent CVD, hypertension, obesity, and central adiposity. Participants (mean age, 49 years) in the highest versus lowest tertile of relative amplitude (greater circadian rhythmicity) had 39% to 62% lower odds of prevalent CVD, hypertension, obesity, and central adiposity. A more active wake period was associated with 19% to 72% lower CVD, hypertension, obesity, and central adiposity odds. Higher interdaily stability (regular sleep-wake and rest-activity patterns) was related to 52% and 23% lower CVD and obesity odds, respectively. In contrast, participants in the highest versus lowest tertile of intradaily variability (fragmented RAR and inefficient sleep) had >3-fold and 24% higher CVD and obesity odds, respectively. A later and less restful sleep period was associated with 36% to 2-fold higher CVD, hypertension, obesity, and central adiposity odds. A statistically significant linear trend was observed for all associations (P-trend<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A robust, stable, and less fragmented RAR, an active wake period, and an earlier and more restful sleep period are associated with lower prevalent CVD, hypertension, obesity, and central adiposity, with evidence of a dose-response relationship. The magnitude, timing, and regularity of sleep-wake and rest-activity patterns may be important targets for reducing cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Makarem
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Charles A. German
- Section of Cardiology, Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Zhanhao Zhang
- Department of StatisticsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Keith M. Diaz
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Priya Palta
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of MedicineChapel HillNC
| | - Dustin T. Duncan
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | | | - Ari Shechter
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
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11
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Fasipe B, Laher I. Nrf2 modulates the benefits of evening exercise in type 2 diabetes. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 5:251-258. [PMID: 38314046 PMCID: PMC10831386 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise has well-characterized therapeutic benefits in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Most of the beneficial effects of exercise arise from the impact of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) activation of glucose metabolism. Nrf2 is an essential controller of cellular anti-oxidative capacity and circadian rhythms. The circadian rhythm of Nrf2 is influenced by circadian genes on its expression, where the timing of exercise effects the activation of Nrf2 and the rhythmicity of Nrf2 and signaling, such that the timing of exercise has differential physiological effects. Exercise in the evening has beneficial effects on diabetes management, such as lowering of blood glucose and weight. The mechanisms responsible for these effects have not yet been associated with the influence of exercise on the circadian rhythm of Nrf2 activity. A better understanding of exercise-induced Nrf2 activation on Nrf2 rhythm and signaling can improve our appreciation of the distinct effects of morning and evening exercise. This review hypothesizes that activation of Nrf2 by exercise in the morning, when Nrf2 level is already at high levels, leads to hyperactivation and decrease in Nrf2 signaling, while activation of Nrf2 in the evening, when Nrf2 levels are at nadir levels, improves Nrf2 signaling and lowers blood glucose levels and increases fatty acid oxidation. Exploring the effects of Nrf2 activators on rhythmic signaling could also provide valuable insights into the optimal timing of their application, while also holding promise for timed treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Fasipe
- Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Ismail Laher
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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12
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Pan Y, Feng ZQ, Yuan Y, Hu GM, Jiang Y, Dong JC. Bidirectional Relationship Between Circadian Rhythm and Frailty. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:949-953. [PMID: 38021211 PMCID: PMC10676114 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s436488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coupled with the ageing population, frailty, characterized by high prevalence and difficult treatment, has progressively evolved into a significant public health concern. Frail individuals can often observe serious metabolic disorders and sleep-wake cycle disruption, which may be caused by the decline in physiological reserve and increased vulnerability. Moreover, sleep-wake cycle disruptions and metabolic dysfunctions associated with circadian rhythm disorders are considered to be a central part of the disorder. Previous studies have documented a correlation between frailty and sleep-wake disruptions; nevertheless, the association between circadian rhythm disorders and frailty has not yet been definitively established. Hence, we hypothesize a bidirectional link between circadian rhythm disorders and frailty, with each condition exerting a significant influence on the progression of the other's disease trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu Qing Feng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui Ming Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chuan Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
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13
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BaHammam AS, Pirzada A. Timing Matters: The Interplay between Early Mealtime, Circadian Rhythms, Gene Expression, Circadian Hormones, and Metabolism-A Narrative Review. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:507-535. [PMID: 37754352 PMCID: PMC10528427 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving synchronization between the central and peripheral body clocks is essential for ensuring optimal metabolic function. Meal timing is an emerging field of research that investigates the influence of eating patterns on our circadian rhythm, metabolism, and overall health. This narrative review examines the relationship between meal timing, circadian rhythm, clock genes, circadian hormones, and metabolic function. It analyzes the existing literature and experimental data to explore the connection between mealtime, circadian rhythms, and metabolic processes. The available evidence highlights the importance of aligning mealtime with the body's natural rhythms to promote metabolic health and prevent metabolic disorders. Specifically, studies show that consuming meals later in the day is associated with an elevated prevalence of metabolic disorders, while early time-restricted eating, such as having an early breakfast and an earlier dinner, improves levels of glucose in the blood and substrate oxidation. Circadian hormones, including cortisol and melatonin, interact with mealtimes and play vital roles in regulating metabolic processes. Cortisol, aligned with dawn in diurnal mammals, activates energy reserves, stimulates appetite, influences clock gene expression, and synchronizes peripheral clocks. Consuming meals during periods of elevated melatonin levels, specifically during the circadian night, has been correlated with potential implications for glucose tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms of central and peripheral clock synchronization, including genetics, interactions with chronotype, sleep duration, and hormonal changes, provides valuable insights for optimizing dietary strategies and timing. This knowledge contributes to improved overall health and well-being by aligning mealtime with the body's natural circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. BaHammam
- The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrouf Pirzada
- North Cumbria Integrated Care (NCIC), National Health Service (NHS), Carlisle CA2 7HY, UK;
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14
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Yang L, Han S, Miao C, Lou H, Gao G, Lou X, Hao C, Wang X. Associations of multiple sleep dimensions with overall and abdominal obesity among children and adolescents: a population-based cross-sectional study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:817-824. [PMID: 37179449 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of insufficient sleep with the increased risk of obesity has been reported, but less is known about other sleep dimensions in the sleep-obesity associations. OBJECTIVES To assess the associations of multiple sleep dimensions with overall and abdominal obesity among Chinese students. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 10,686 Han students aged 9-18 from Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH). We collected sex, age, regions, parental educational levels, physical activity duration and sleep-related information by questionnaire survey, and also conducted anthropometric measurements including height, weight and waist circumference (WC). Unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations of sleep-related dimensions with obesity-related indicators. RESULTS Short sleep duration was associated with higher body mass index (BMI), larger WC and higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in 9-12 and 16-18 age groups, whereas prolonged sleep duration on weekday was associated with higher BMI in 13-15 age group. Non-habitual midday napping and midday napping ≤0.5 h/d (vs 0.5 to 1 h/d) increased the risk of higher BMI in 13-15 age group, and the former was also associated with larger WC in 9-12 age group. Late bedtime was associated with larger WC and higher WHtR in 9-12 age group and with higher BMI and WHtR in 13-15 age group. Students aged 9-12 with social jet lag ≥2 h were found to have greater BMI after adjustment (Odds Ratio: 1.421; 95% confidence interval: 1.066-1.894). CONCLUSIONS Short or overlong sleep duration, late bedtime and great social jet lag were associated with higher prevalence of overall or abdominal obesity, while moderate midday napping can effectively decrease the risk. Those findings may assist in developing preventive strategies to combat obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Han
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Miao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Hao Lou
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Genli Gao
- The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Changfu Hao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xian Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, P. R. China.
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15
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Cincotta AH. Brain Dopamine-Clock Interactions Regulate Cardiometabolic Physiology: Mechanisms of the Observed Cardioprotective Effects of Circadian-Timed Bromocriptine-QR Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13255. [PMID: 37686060 PMCID: PMC10487918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous global efforts within clinical research and medical practice to reduce cardiovascular disease(s) (CVD), it still remains the leading cause of death worldwide. While genetic factors clearly contribute to CVD etiology, the preponderance of epidemiological data indicate that a major common denominator among diverse ethnic populations from around the world contributing to CVD is the composite of Western lifestyle cofactors, particularly Western diets (high saturated fat/simple sugar [particularly high fructose and sucrose and to a lesser extent glucose] diets), psychosocial stress, depression, and altered sleep/wake architecture. Such Western lifestyle cofactors are potent drivers for the increased risk of metabolic syndrome and its attendant downstream CVD. The central nervous system (CNS) evolved to respond to and anticipate changes in the external (and internal) environment to adapt survival mechanisms to perceived stresses (challenges to normal biological function), including the aforementioned Western lifestyle cofactors. Within the CNS of vertebrates in the wild, the biological clock circuitry surveils the environment and has evolved mechanisms for the induction of the obese, insulin-resistant state as a survival mechanism against an anticipated ensuing season of low/no food availability. The peripheral tissues utilize fat as an energy source under muscle insulin resistance, while increased hepatic insulin resistance more readily supplies glucose to the brain. This neural clock function also orchestrates the reversal of the obese, insulin-resistant condition when the low food availability season ends. The circadian neural network that produces these seasonal shifts in metabolism is also responsive to Western lifestyle stressors that drive the CNS clock into survival mode. A major component of this natural or Western lifestyle stressor-induced CNS clock neurophysiological shift potentiating the obese, insulin-resistant state is a diminution of the circadian peak of dopaminergic input activity to the pacemaker clock center, suprachiasmatic nucleus. Pharmacologically preventing this loss of circadian peak dopaminergic activity both prevents and reverses existing metabolic syndrome in a wide variety of animal models of the disorder, including high fat-fed animals. Clinically, across a variety of different study designs, circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR (quick release) (a unique formulation of micronized bromocriptine-a dopamine D2 receptor agonist) therapy of type 2 diabetes subjects improved hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, immune sterile inflammation, and/or adverse cardiovascular event rate. The present review details the seminal circadian science investigations delineating important roles for CNS circadian peak dopaminergic activity in the regulation of peripheral fuel metabolism and cardiovascular biology and also summarizes the clinical study findings of bromocriptine-QR therapy on cardiometabolic outcomes in type 2 diabetes subjects.
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16
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Rahman SA, Gathungu RM, Marur VR, St Hilaire MA, Scheuermaier K, Belenky M, Struble JS, Czeisler CA, Lockley SW, Klerman EB, Duffy JF, Kristal BS. Age-related changes in circadian regulation of the human plasma lipidome. Commun Biol 2023; 6:756. [PMID: 37474677 PMCID: PMC10359364 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging alters the amplitude and phase of centrally regulated circadian rhythms. Here we evaluate whether peripheral circadian rhythmicity in the plasma lipidome is altered by aging through retrospective lipidomics analysis on plasma samples collected in 24 healthy individuals (9 females; mean ± SD age: 40.9 ± 18.2 years) including 12 younger (4 females, 23.5 ± 3.9 years) and 12 middle-aged older, (5 females, 58.3 ± 4.2 years) individuals every 3 h throughout a 27-h constant routine (CR) protocol, which allows separating evoked changes from endogenously generated oscillations in physiology. Cosinor regression shows circadian rhythmicity in 25% of lipids in both groups. On average, the older group has a ~14% lower amplitude and a ~2.1 h earlier acrophase of the lipid circadian rhythms (both, p ≤ 0.001). Additionally, more rhythmic circadian lipids have a significant linear component in addition to the sinusoidal across the 27-h CR in the older group (44/56) compared to the younger group (18/58, p < 0.0001). Results from individual-level data are consistent with group-average results. Results indicate that prevalence of endogenous circadian rhythms of the human plasma lipidome is preserved with healthy aging into middle-age, but significant changes in rhythmicity include a reduction in amplitude, earlier acrophase, and an altered temporal relationship between central and lipid rhythms.
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Grants
- R01 HL128538 NHLBI NIH HHS
- T32 HL007901 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG006072 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 HD107064 NICHD NIH HHS
- U01 NS114001 NINDS NIH HHS
- R01 HL132556 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001102 NCATS NIH HHS
- UL1 RR025758 NCRR NIH HHS
- R01 HL162102 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL166205 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL159207 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U54 AG062322 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 NS114526 NINDS NIH HHS
- R01 HL140335 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL114088 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 NS099055 NINDS NIH HHS
- R21 DA052861 NIDA NIH HHS
- R03 AG071922 NIA NIH HHS
- The work was supported by grants from the NIH: R01-HL132556 (BSK), R01-HL140335 (BSK), R01-HL114088 (EBK), R01-AG06072 (JFD), and R01-HL159207 (SAR). KS was supported by a T32 HL07901 and a NIA F32 AG316902. EBK was supported by NIH R01NS099055, U01NS114001, U54AG062322, R21DA052861, R21DA052861, R01NS114526-02S1, R01-HD107064, DoD W81XWH201076; and Leducq Foundation for Cardiovascular Research. The clinical research projects described were supported by NIH grant 1UL1 TR001102-01, 8UL1TR000170-05, UL1 RR025758, Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center, from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Research Resources, the National Center for Advancing Translational Science or the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rose M Gathungu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Enara Bio, The Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, 1 Robert Robinson Avenue, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Vasant R Marur
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc, 320 Bent St, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Melissa A St Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Computer and Data Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Merrimack College, 315 Turnpike Street, North Andover, MA, 01845, USA
| | - Karine Scheuermaier
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marina Belenky
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jackson S Struble
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce S Kristal
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Shift work can cause circadian cycles disturbances and misaligns the endogenous rhythms. The physiological variables are driven by the circadian system and, its misalignment, can impair the metabolic functions. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic alterations as a result of shift work and night work reported in articles published in the last 5 years, using the eligibility criteria both gender and indexed articles in English language. In order to execute this work, we perform a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines and searched about Chronobiology Disorders and Night Work, both related to metabolism, in Medline, Lilacs, ScienceDirect and Cochrane. Cross-sectional, cohort and experimental studies with low risk of bias were included. We found a total of 132 articles, and, after the selection process, 16 articles remained to be analyzed. It was observed that shift work can cause circadian misalignment and, consequently, some metabolic parameters alterations such as an impaired glycemic control and insulin functioning, cortisol phase release, cholesterol fractions imbalance, changes in morphological indexes and melatonin secretion. There are some limitations, such as heterogenicity in used databases and the 5 years restriction period, because the effects of sleep disturbance may have been reported earlier. In conclusion, we suggest that shift work interferes with the sleep-wake cycle and eating patterns, which cause crucial physiological alterations that, together, can lead to metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruna Del Vechio Koike
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
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18
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Franceković P, Gliemann L. Endothelial Glycocalyx Preservation-Impact of Nutrition and Lifestyle. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112573. [PMID: 37299535 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) is a dynamic hair-like layer expressed on the apical surface of endothelial cells throughout the vascular system. This layer serves as an endothelial cell gatekeeper by controlling the permeability and adhesion properties of endothelial cells, as well as by controlling vascular resistance through the mediation of vasodilation. Pathogenic destruction of the eGC could be linked to impaired vascular function, as well as several acute and chronic cardiovascular conditions. Defining the precise functions and mechanisms of the eGC is perhaps the limiting factor of the missing link in finding novel treatments for lifestyle-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. However, the relationship between diet, lifestyle, and the preservation of the eGC is an unexplored territory. This article provides an overview of the eGC's importance for health and disease and describes perspectives of nutritional therapy for the prevention of the eGC's pathogenic destruction. It is concluded that vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, as well as healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet and the time management of eating, might show promise for preserving eGC health and, thus, the health of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Franceković
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yue K, Rensen PC, Kooijman S. Circadian control of white and brown adipose tissues. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 80:102056. [PMID: 37244110 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
White and brown adipose tissues are highly dynamic organs anticipating and responding to changes in the environment. The circadian timing system facilitates anticipation, and it is therefore not surprising that circadian disturbances, a prominent feature of modern 24/7 society, increase the risk for (cardio)metabolic diseases. In this mini-review, we will address mechanisms and strategies to mitigate disease risk associated with circadian disturbances. In addition, we discuss the opportunities arising from the knowledge we gained about circadian rhythms in these adipose tissues, including the application of chronotherapy, optimizing endogenous circadian rhythms to allow for more effective intervention, and the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Yue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Cn Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. https://twitter.com/@Rensen_Lab
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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20
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Chen WC, Yang HY. Relationship of long working hours and night shift working hours with incident diabetes: a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 80:9-15. [PMID: 36739043 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship among long working hours, night shift working hours, and diabetes is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association of long working hours and night shift working hours with diabetes among health care workers. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study among health care workers in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan from 2002 to 2019. We compared the risk of diabetes among tertiles of total working hours (35-41, 42-45, and ≥46 h per week) and evaluated the relationship between long working hours and diabetes risk. We divided participants into three work patterns: day work only, evening shift workers, and night shift workers. In night shift workers, we further evaluated night shift working hours and incident diabetes using tertiles of night shift working hours (<17, 17-45, and ≥46 h per month). We estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for incident diabetes using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS The study included 7081 participants. There were 301 incident cases of diabetes during 52,454 person-years. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for participants who worked greater than or equal to 46 working hours per week was 3.45 (1.27, 9.39) compared with those who worked 35-41 hours. Compared with night shift workers who worked less than 17 h, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for those who worked 17-45 and ≥46 night shift working hours per month were 2.26 (1.08, 4.75) and 2.60 (1.27, 5.33), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Long working hours and night shift working hours increased the risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chin Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, No. 135, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, No. 17 Xuzhou Road, Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yu Yang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, No. 17 Xuzhou Road, Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, No. 17 Xuzhou Road, Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Mentzelou M, Papadopoulou SK, Papandreou D, Spanoudaki M, Dakanalis A, Vasios GK, Voulgaridou G, Pavlidou E, Mantzorou M, Giaginis C. Evaluating the Relationship between Circadian Rhythms and Sleep, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disorders: Current Clinical Evidence in Human Studies. Metabolites 2023; 13:370. [PMID: 36984810 PMCID: PMC10057970 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by the circadian clock, a self-sustained internal timing system that exhibits 24-h rhythms in the body. Many metabolic, cellular, behavioral and physiological processes are regulated by the circadian clock in coordination with environmental cues. The present study is a comprehensive review of the currently existing evidence concerning the relationship between circadian rhythms and sleep, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. We thoroughly searched the online databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find the existing clinical studies from the last twenty-three years (2000-2023). Circadian misalignment was found to be associated with an increase in the risk of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity, as well as inadequate sleep quality. In this review article, all the included studies had a strength protocol design and all of them were conducted on humans. However, the most common limitations of them were the small sample size and the short time of the intervention. In conclusion, managing the factors that disrupt the optimal function of central and peripheral clocks can help to reduce the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, improving also sleep quality. Future studies should further explore the underlying mechanisms of the interconnections between circadian clocks and sleep, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. This may provide new opportunities for advance chronotherapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Clinical Dietetics & Nutrition Department of 424 General Military Hospital, New Efkarpia Ring Road, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Georgios K. Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
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22
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Kombala CJ, Agrawal N, Sveistyte A, Karatsoreos IN, Van Dongen HPA, Brandvold KR. Profiling rhythmicity of bile salt hydrolase activity in the gut lumen with a rapid fluorescence assay. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4028-4038. [PMID: 36810586 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02257e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal rhythmicity of cellular function is key to survival for most organisms on Earth. Many circadian functions are driven by the brain, but regulation of a separate set of peripheral rhythms remains poorly understood. The gut microbiome is a potential candidate for regulation of host peripheral rhythms, and this study sought to specifically examine the process of microbial bile salt biotransformation. To enable this work, an assay for bile salt hydrolase (BSH) that could work with small quantities of stool samples was necessary. Using a turn-on fluorescence probe, we developed a rapid and inexpensive assay to detect BSH enzyme activity with concentrations as low as 6-25 μM, which is considerably more robust than prior approaches. We successfully applied this rhodamine-based assay to detect BSH activity in a wide range of biological samples such as recombinant protein, whole cells, fecal samples, and gut lumen content from mice. We were able to detect significant BSH activity in small amounts of mouse fecal/gut content (20-50 mg) within 2 h, which illustrates its potential for use in various biological/clinical applications. Using this assay, we investigated the diurnal fluctuations of BSH activity in the large intestine of mice. By using time restricted feeding conditions, we provided direct evidence of 24 h rhythmicity in microbiome BSH activity levels and showed that this rhythmicity is influenced by feeding patterns. Our novel function-centric approach has potential to aid in the discovery of therapeutic, diet, or lifestyle interventions for correction of circadian perturbations linked to bile metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathuri J Kombala
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA. .,Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Neha Agrawal
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Agne Sveistyte
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Ilia N Karatsoreos
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA.,Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Kristoffer R Brandvold
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA. .,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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23
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Multi-Omics Reveal Interplay between Circadian Dysfunction and Type2 Diabetes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020301. [PMID: 36829576 PMCID: PMC9953493 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading threats to human health in the 21st century. It is a metabolic disorder characterized by a dysregulated glucose metabolism resulting from impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance. More recently, accumulated epidemiological and animal model studies have confirmed that circadian dysfunction caused by shift work, late meal timing, and sleep loss leads to type 2 diabetes. Circadian rhythms, 24-h endogenous biological oscillations, are a fundamental feature of nearly all organisms and control many physiological and cellular functions. In mammals, light synchronizes brain clocks and feeding is a main stimulus that synchronizes the peripheral clocks in metabolic tissues, such as liver, pancreas, muscles, and adipose tissues. Circadian arrhythmia causes the loss of synchrony of the clocks of these metabolic tissues and leads to an impaired pancreas β-cell metabolism coupled with altered insulin secretion. In addition to these, gut microbes and circadian rhythms are intertwined via metabolic regulation. Omics approaches play a significant role in unraveling how a disrupted circadian metabolism causes type 2 diabetes. In the present review, we emphasize the discoveries of several genes, proteins, and metabolites that contribute to the emergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The implications of these discoveries for comprehending the circadian clock network in T2D may lead to new therapeutic solutions.
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24
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Lee BY, Ordovás JM, Parks EJ, Anderson CAM, Barabási AL, Clinton SK, de la Haye K, Duffy VB, Franks PW, Ginexi EM, Hammond KJ, Hanlon EC, Hittle M, Ho E, Horn AL, Isaacson RS, Mabry PL, Malone S, Martin CK, Mattei J, Meydani SN, Nelson LM, Neuhouser ML, Parent B, Pronk NP, Roche HM, Saria S, Scheer FAJL, Segal E, Sevick MA, Spector TD, Van Horn L, Varady KA, Voruganti VS, Martinez MF. Research gaps and opportunities in precision nutrition: an NIH workshop report. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1877-1900. [PMID: 36055772 PMCID: PMC9761773 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision nutrition is an emerging concept that aims to develop nutrition recommendations tailored to different people's circumstances and biological characteristics. Responses to dietary change and the resulting health outcomes from consuming different diets may vary significantly between people based on interactions between their genetic backgrounds, physiology, microbiome, underlying health status, behaviors, social influences, and environmental exposures. On 11-12 January 2021, the National Institutes of Health convened a workshop entitled "Precision Nutrition: Research Gaps and Opportunities" to bring together experts to discuss the issues involved in better understanding and addressing precision nutrition. The workshop proceeded in 3 parts: part I covered many aspects of genetics and physiology that mediate the links between nutrient intake and health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer disease, and cancer; part II reviewed potential contributors to interindividual variability in dietary exposures and responses such as baseline nutritional status, circadian rhythm/sleep, environmental exposures, sensory properties of food, stress, inflammation, and the social determinants of health; part III presented the need for systems approaches, with new methods and technologies that can facilitate the study and implementation of precision nutrition, and workforce development needed to create a new generation of researchers. The workshop concluded that much research will be needed before more precise nutrition recommendations can be achieved. This includes better understanding and accounting for variables such as age, sex, ethnicity, medical history, genetics, and social and environmental factors. The advent of new methods and technologies and the availability of considerably more data bring tremendous opportunity. However, the field must proceed with appropriate levels of caution and make sure the factors listed above are all considered, and systems approaches and methods are incorporated. It will be important to develop and train an expanded workforce with the goal of reducing health disparities and improving precision nutritional advice for all Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Y Lee
- Health Policy and Management, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Parks
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | | | - Albert-László Barabási
- Network Science Institute and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kayla de la Haye
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Paul W Franks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Lund University Diabetes Center, Sweden
- The Lund University Diabetes Center, Malmo, SwedenInsert Affiliation Text Here
| | - Elizabeth M Ginexi
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristian J Hammond
- Computer Science, Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, IL, USA
| | - Erin C Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Hittle
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Public Health and Human Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Abigail L Horn
- Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Susan Malone
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corby K Martin
- Ingestive Behavior Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin Nikbin Meydani
- USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorene M Nelson
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Brendan Parent
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Helen M Roche
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suchi Saria
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medicine and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eran Segal
- Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mary Ann Sevick
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim D Spector
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista A Varady
- Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Venkata Saroja Voruganti
- Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marie F Martinez
- Health Policy and Management, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms drive our daily behaviors to coincide with the earth's rotation on an approximate 24-h cycle. The circadian clock mechanism present in nearly every cell is responsible for our circadian rhythms and is comprised of a transcriptional-translational feedback loop in mammals. The central clock resides in the hypothalamus responding to external light cues, whereas peripheral clocks receive signals from the central clock and are also sensitive to cues from feeding and activity. Of the peripheral clocks, the skeletal muscle clock is particularly sensitive to exercise which has shown to be an important time-cue with the ability to influence and adjust the muscle clock phase in response to exercise timing. Since the skeletal muscle clock is also involved in the expression of tissue-specific gene expression-including glucoregulatory genes-this might suggest a role for exercise timing as a therapeutic strategy in metabolic diseases, like type 2 diabetes. Notably, those with type 2 diabetes have accompanied disruptions in their skeletal muscle clock mechanism which may also be related to the increased risk of type 2 diabetes seen among shift workers. Therefore, the direct influence of exercise on the skeletal muscle clock might support the use of exercise timing to provide disease-mitigating effects. Here, we highlight the potential use of time-of-day exercise as a chronotherapeutic tool within circadian medicine to improve the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetes and support long-term glycemic control, potentially working through the skeletal muscle clock and circadian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Martin
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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26
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Gao C, Li P, Morris CJ, Zheng X, Ulsa MC, Gao L, Scheer FAJL, Hu K. Actigraphy-Based Sleep Detection: Validation with Polysomnography and Comparison of Performance for Nighttime and Daytime Sleep During Simulated Shift Work. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1801-1816. [PMID: 36275180 PMCID: PMC9581540 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s373107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Actigraphy-based sleep detection algorithms were mostly validated using nighttime sleep, and their performance in detecting daytime sleep is unclear. We evaluated and compared the performance of Actiware and the Cole-Kripke algorithm (C-K) - two commonly used actigraphy-based algorithms - in detecting daytime and nighttime sleep. Participants and Methods Twenty-five healthy young adults were monitored by polysomnography and actigraphy during two in-lab protocols with scheduled nighttime and/or daytime sleep (within-subject design). Mixed-effect models were conducted to compare the sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score (a less-biased measure of accuracy) of Actiware (with low/medium/high threshold setting, separately) and C-K in detecting sleep epochs from actigraphy recordings during nighttime/daytime. t-tests and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess the agreement between actigraphy-based algorithms and polysomnography in scoring total sleep time (TST). Results Sensitivity was similar between nighttime (Actiware: 0.93-0.99 across threshold settings; C-K: 0.61) and daytime sleep (Actiware: 0.93-0.99; C-K: 0.66) for both the C-K and Actiware (daytime/nighttime×algorithm interaction: p > 0.1). Specificity for daytime sleep was lower (Actiware: 0.35-0.54; C-K: 0.91) than that for nighttime sleep (Actiware: 0.37-0.62; C-K: 0.93; p = 0.001). Specificity was also higher for C-K than Actiware (p < 0.001), with no daytime/nighttime×algorithm interaction (p > 0.1). C-K had lower F1 (nighttime = 0.74; daytime = 0.77) than Actiware (nighttime = 0.95-0.98; daytime = 0.90-0.91) for both nighttime and daytime sleep (all p < 0.05). The daytime-nighttime difference in F1 was opposite for Actiware (daytime: 0.90-0.91; nighttime: 0.95-0.98) and C-K (daytime: 0.77; nighttime: 0.74; interaction p = 0.003). Bias in TST was lowest in Actiware (with medium-threshold) for nighttime sleep (underestimation of 5.99 min/8h) and in Actiware (with low-threshold) for daytime sleep (overestimation of 17.75 min/8h). Conclusion Daytime/nighttime sleep affected specificity and F1 but not sensitivity of actigraphy-based sleep scoring. Overall, Actiware performed better than the C-K algorithm. Actiware with medium-threshold was the least biased in estimating nighttime TST, and Actiware with low-threshold was the least biased in estimating daytime TST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Gao
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Morris
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xi Zheng
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ma Cherrysse Ulsa
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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27
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Cobelli C, Dalla Man C. Minimal and Maximal Models to Quantitate Glucose Metabolism: Tools to Measure, to Simulate and to Run in Silico Clinical Trials. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:1270-1298. [PMID: 34032128 PMCID: PMC9445339 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211015268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several models have been proposed to describe the glucose system at whole-body, organ/tissue and cellular level, designed to measure non-accessible parameters (minimal models), to simulate system behavior and run in silico clinical trials (maximal models). Here, we will review the authors' work, by putting it into a concise historical background. We will discuss first the parametric portrait provided by the oral minimal models-building on the classical intravenous glucose tolerance test minimal models-to measure otherwise non-accessible key parameters like insulin sensitivity and beta-cell responsivity from a physiological oral test, the mixed meal or the oral glucose tolerance tests, and what can be gained by adding a tracer to the oral glucose dose. These models were used in various pathophysiological studies, which we will briefly review. A deeper understanding of insulin sensitivity can be gained by measuring insulin action in the skeletal muscle. This requires the use of isotopic tracers: both the classical multiple-tracer dilution and the positron emission tomography techniques are discussed, which quantitate the effect of insulin on the individual steps of glucose metabolism, that is, bidirectional transport plasma-interstitium, and phosphorylation. Finally, we will present a cellular model of insulin secretion that, using a multiscale modeling approach, highlights the relations between minimal model indices and subcellular secretory events. In terms of maximal models, we will move from a parametric to a flux portrait of the system by discussing the triple tracer meal protocol implemented with the tracer-to-tracee clamp technique. This allows to arrive at quasi-model independent measurement of glucose rate of appearance (Ra), endogenous glucose production (EGP), and glucose rate of disappearance (Rd). Both the fast absorbing simple carbs and the slow absorbing complex carbs are discussed. This rich data base has allowed us to build the UVA/Padova Type 1 diabetes and the Padova Type 2 diabetes large scale simulators. In particular, the UVA/Padova Type 1 simulator proved to be a very useful tool to safely and effectively test in silico closed-loop control algorithms for an artificial pancreas (AP). This was the first and unique simulator of the glucose system accepted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a substitute to animal trials for in silico testing AP algorithms. Recent uses of the simulator have looked at glucose sensors for non-adjunctive use and new insulin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Woman and Child’s Health University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Claudio Cobelli, PhD, Department of Woman and Child’s Health, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani, 3, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Remchak MME, Heiston EM, Ballantyne A, Dotson BL, Stewart NR, Spaeth AM, Malin SK. Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Flexibility Parallel Plasma TCA Levels in Early Chronotype With Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3487-e3496. [PMID: 35429387 PMCID: PMC9282268 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT People characterized as late chronotype have elevated type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk compared to early chronotype. It is unclear how chronotype is associated with insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, or plasma TCA cycle intermediates concentration, amino acids (AA), and/or beta-oxidation. OBJECTIVE This study examined these metabolic associations with chronotype. METHODS The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to classify adults with metabolic syndrome (ATP III criteria) as either early (n = 15 [13F], MEQ = 64.7 ± 1.4) or late (n = 19 [16F], MEQ = 45.5 ± 1.3) chronotype. Fasting bloods determined hepatic (HOMA-IR) and adipose insulin resistance (Adipose-IR) while a 120-minute euglycemic clamp (40 mU/m2/min, 5 mmoL/L) was performed to test peripheral insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate). Carbohydrate (CHOOX) and fat oxidation (FOX), as well as nonoxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), were also estimated (indirect calorimetry). Plasma tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates, AA, and acyl-carnitines were measured along with VO2max and body composition (DXA). RESULTS There were no statistical differences in age, BMI, fat-free mass, VO2max, or ATP III criteria between groups. Early chronotype, however, had higher peripheral insulin sensitivity (P = 0.009) and lower HOMA-IR (P = 0.02) and Adipose-IR (P = 0.05) compared with late chronotype. Further, early chronotype had higher NOGD (P = 0.008) and greater insulin-stimulated CHOOX (P = 0.02). While fasting lactate (P = 0.01), TCA intermediates (isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate; all P ≤ 0.04) and some AA (proline, isoleucine; P = 0.003-0.05) were lower in early chronotype, other AA (threonine, histidine, arginine; all P ≤ 0.05) and most acyl-carnitines were higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared with late chronotype. CONCLUSION Greater insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility relates to plasma TCA concentration in early chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M Heiston
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan R Stewart
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Steven K Malin
- Correspondence: Steven K. Malin, PhD, Department of Kinesiology & Health, 70 Lipman Dr Loree Gymnasium, New Brunswick, NJ 08091, USA.
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Neves AR, Albuquerque T, Quintela T, Costa D. Circadian rhythm and disease: Relationship, new insights, and future perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3239-3256. [PMID: 35696609 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system is responsible for internal functions and regulation of the organism according to environmental cues (zeitgebers). Circadian rhythm dysregulation or chronodisruption has been associated with several diseases, from mental to autoimmune diseases, and with life quality change. Following this, some therapies have been developed to correct circadian misalignments, such as light therapy and chronobiotics. In this manuscript, we describe the circadian-related diseases so far investigated, and studies reporting relevant data on this topic, evidencing this relationship, are included. Despite the actual limitations in published work, there is clear evidence of the correlation between circadian rhythm dysregulation and disease origin/development, and, in this way, clock-related therapies emerge as great progress in the clinical field. Future improvements in such interventions can lead to the development of successful chronotherapy strategies, deeply contributing to enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Neves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tânia Albuquerque
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior (UDI-IPG), Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Hebl JT, Velasco J, McHill AW. Work Around the Clock: How Work Hours Induce Social Jetlag and Sleep Deficiency. Clin Chest Med 2022; 43:249-259. [PMID: 35659023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has placed an increasing emphasis on how sleep affects health. Not only does insufficient sleep make one subjectively feel worse, but is associated with chronic diseases that are considered epidemics in industrialized nations. This is partly caused by the growing need for prolonged work and social schedules, exemplified by shift work, late-night weekends, and early morning work/school start times (social jetlag). Here, we consider fundamental relationships between the circadian clock and biologic processes and discuss how common practices, such as shift work and social jetlag, contribute to sleep disruption, circadian misalignment, and adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Hebl
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, School of Medicine, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode: SN-ORD, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Josie Velasco
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode: SN-ORD, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode: SN-ORD, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Andrew W McHill
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode: SN-ORD, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode: SN-ORD, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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31
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Zitting KM, Vetrivelan R, Yuan RK, Vujovic N, Wang W, Bandaru SS, Quan SF, Klerman EB, Scheer FAJL, Buxton OM, Williams JS, Duffy JF, Saper CB, Czeisler CA. Chronic circadian disruption on a high-fat diet impairs glucose tolerance. Metabolism 2022; 130:155158. [PMID: 35150732 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 14% of Americans experience chronic circadian disruption due to shift work, increasing their risk of obesity, diabetes, and other cardiometabolic disorders. These disorders are also exacerbated by modern eating habits such as frequent snacking and consumption of high-fat foods. METHODS We investigated the effects of recurrent circadian disruption (RCD) on glucose metabolism in C57BL/6 mice and in human participants exposed to non-24-h light-dark (LD) schedules vs. those on standard 24-h LD schedules. These LD schedules were designed to induce circadian misalignment between behaviors including rest/activity and fasting/eating with the output of the near-24-h central circadian pacemaker, while minimizing sleep loss, and were maintained for 12 weeks in mice and 3 weeks in humans. We examined interactions of these circadian-disrupted schedules compared to control 24-h schedules with a lower-fat diet (LFD, 13% in mouse and 25-27% in humans) and high-fat diet (HFD, 45% in mouse and 45-50% in humans). We also used young vs. older mice to determine whether they would respond differently to RCD. RESULTS When combined with a HFD, we found that RCD caused significant weight gain in mice and increased body fat in humans, and significantly impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in both mice and humans, but this did not occur when RCD was combined with a LFD. This effect was similar in both young and older mice. CONCLUSION These results in both humans and a model organism indicate that circadian disruption has an adverse effect on metabolism among individuals eating a high-fat Western-style diet, even in the absence of significant sleep loss, and suggest that reducing dietary fat may protect against the metabolic consequences of a lifestyle (such as shift work) that involves chronic circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sathyajit S Bandaru
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health, University Park PA 16802, USA
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Qian J, Morris CJ, Phillips AJK, Li P, Rahman SA, Wang W, Hu K, Arendt J, Czeisler CA, Scheer FAJL. Unanticipated daytime melatonin secretion on a simulated night shift schedule generates a distinctive 24-h melatonin rhythm with antiphasic daytime and nighttime peaks. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12791. [PMID: 35133678 PMCID: PMC8930611 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The daily rhythm of plasma melatonin concentrations is typically unimodal, with one broad peak during the circadian night and near-undetectable levels during the circadian day. Light at night acutely suppresses melatonin secretion and phase shifts its endogenous circadian rhythm. In contrast, exposure to darkness during the circadian day has not generally been reported to increase circulating melatonin concentrations acutely. Here, in a highly-controlled simulated night shift protocol with 12-h inverted behavioral/environmental cycles, we unexpectedly found that circulating melatonin levels were significantly increased during daytime sleep (p < .0001). This resulted in a secondary melatonin peak during the circadian day in addition to the primary peak during the circadian night, when sleep occurred during the circadian day following an overnight shift. This distinctive diurnal melatonin rhythm with antiphasic peaks could not be readily anticipated from the behavioral/environmental factors in the protocol (e.g., light exposure, posture, diet, activity) or from current mathematical model simulations of circadian pacemaker output. The observation, therefore, challenges our current understanding of underlying physiological mechanisms that regulate melatonin secretion. Interestingly, the increase in melatonin concentration observed during daytime sleep was positively correlated with the change in timing of melatonin nighttime peak (p = .002), but not with the degree of light-induced melatonin suppression during nighttime wakefulness (p = .92). Both the increase in daytime melatonin concentrations and the change in the timing of the nighttime peak became larger after repeated exposure to simulated night shifts (p = .002 and p = .006, respectively). Furthermore, we found that melatonin secretion during daytime sleep was positively associated with an increase in 24-h glucose and insulin levels during the night shift protocol (p = .014 and p = .027, respectively). Future studies are needed to elucidate the key factor(s) driving the unexpected daytime melatonin secretion and the melatonin rhythm with antiphasic peaks during shifted sleep/wake schedules, the underlying mechanisms of their relationship with glucose metabolism, and the relevance for diabetes risk among shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Christopher J Morris
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Andrew JK Phillips
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Josephine Arendt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Frank AJL Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Santos HO, Genario R, Tinsley GM, Ribeiro P, Carteri RB, Coelho-Ravagnani CDF, Mota JF. A scoping review of intermittent fasting, chronobiology, and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:991-1004. [PMID: 34978321 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronobiology plays a crucial role in modulating many physiologic systems in which there is nutritional synergism with meal timing. Given that intermittent fasting (IF) has grown as a flexible dietary method consisting of delayed or early eating windows, this scoping review addresses the effects of IF protocols on metabolism as they relate to clinical nutrition and the circadian system. Although nocturnal habits are associated with circadian misalignments and impaired cardiometabolic profile-and nutritional physiology is better orchestrated during the day-most findings are based on animal experiments or human studies with observational designs or acute meal tests. Well-controlled randomized clinical trials employing IF protocols of delayed or early eating windows have sometimes demonstrated clinical benefits, such as improved glycemic and lipid profiles, as well as weight loss. However, IF does not appear to be more effective than traditional diets at the group level, and its effects largely depend on energy restriction. Thus, efforts must be made to identify patient biological rhythms, preferences, routines, and medical conditions before individual dietary prescription in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Genario
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Poliana Ribeiro
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Randhall B Carteri
- Methodist University Center-Porto Alegre Institute, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - João F Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition, Goiás Federal University, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Singh T, Ahmed TH, Mohamed N, Elhaj MS, Mohammed Z, Paulsingh CN, Mohamed MB, Khan S. Does Insufficient Sleep Increase the Risk of Developing Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e23501. [PMID: 35494895 PMCID: PMC9036496 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recommended that adults sleep a minimum of seven hours of sleep every night to maintain holistic health and well-being. A considerable fraction of the adult population suffers from sleep deprivation and related disorders. The stress of modern-day living may be the cause of this curtailment of sleep duration. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reduced sleep on the development of insulin resistance and explore the possible mechanisms linking the two. We utilized databases like such as PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) to systematically screen papers using keywords and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. A few articles were also retrieved from Cochrane Library. We applied inclusion/exclusion criteria after screening papers via title and abstracts. A quality appraisal check was doneperformed, and ten 10 related studies were strictly reviewed. Short sleep duration was significantly associated with insulin resistance. Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA), biomarkers such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and circadian misalignment may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this association. To prevent metabolic complications such as type- 2 diabetes, adequate sleep (more than seven hours per night) is required in the adult population. The causal relationship between sleep deprivation and insulin resistance is multifactorial, and further studies are warranted to understand these mechanisms better.
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Garaulet M, Lopez-Minguez J, Dashti HS, Vetter C, Hernández-Martínez AM, Pérez-Ayala M, Baraza JC, Wang W, Florez JC, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R. Interplay of Dinner Timing and MTNR1B Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variant on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:512-519. [PMID: 35015083 PMCID: PMC8918262 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested whether the concurrence of food intake and elevated concentrations of endogenous melatonin, as occurs with late eating, results in impaired glucose control, in particular in carriers of the type 2 diabetes-associated G allele in the melatonin receptor-1B gene (MTNR1B). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a Spanish natural late-eating population, a randomized, crossover study was performed. Each participant (n = 845) underwent two evening 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests following an 8-h fast: an early condition scheduled 4 h prior to habitual bedtime ("early dinner timing") and a late condition scheduled 1 h prior to habitual bedtime ("late dinner timing"), simulating an early and a late dinner timing, respectively. Differences in postprandial glucose and insulin responses between early and late dinner timing were determined using incremental area under the curve (AUC) calculated by the trapezoidal method. RESULTS Melatonin serum levels were 3.5-fold higher in the late versus early condition, with late dinner timing resulting in 6.7% lower insulin AUC and 8.3% higher glucose AUC. The effect of late eating impairing glucose tolerance was stronger in the MTNR1B G-allele carriers than in noncarriers. Genotype differences in glucose tolerance were attributed to reductions in β-cell function (P for interaction, Pint glucose area under the curve = 0.009, Pint corrected insulin response = 0.022, and Pint disposition index = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Concurrently high endogenous melatonin and carbohydrate intake, as typical for late eating, impairs glucose tolerance, especially in MTNR1B G-risk allele carriers, attributable to insulin secretion defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jesus Lopez-Minguez
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Céline Vetter
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | | | - Millán Pérez-Ayala
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Baraza
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Effects of sleep manipulation on markers of insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 62:101594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Андреева ЕН, Григорян ОР, Абсатарова ЮС, Шереметьева ЕВ, Михеев РК. [Melatonin status in obese patients with ovarian dysfunction at reproductive age]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2022; 68:94-100. [PMID: 35262300 PMCID: PMC9112952 DOI: 10.14341/probl12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is the main hormone of the pineal gland. By regulating circadian rhythms and being an immune regulator and antioxidant, this hormone takes part in the work of the ovaries: its high concentrations block apoptosis and neutralize reactive oxygen species involved in folliculogenesis, ovulation, egg maturation and corpus luteum formation. AIM To study melatonin status and its relationship with menstrual dysfunction and sleep disorders in obese women of reproductive age. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a one-stage comparative study, women 18-35 years old took part: 30 patients with obesity and menstrual disorders of an inorganic nature and 30 healthy women in the comparison group with normal weight and regular menstrual cycle. All participants underwent a questionnaire to identify somnological disorders, and the level of melatonin in saliva and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in urine was also investigated. RESULTS In the group of patients with obesity (n=30), various sleep disorders were encountered in 47% of cases (p=0.003), including more often obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was recorded (30% of cases), and a correlation was found between the indicators of the questionnaire survey of subjective sleep characteristics and body mass index of patients (r=0.450, p=0.030) compared with a group of healthy women with normal weight (n=30). In the main group, the level of melatonin in saliva was statistically significantly lower than in the control: median 12.6 pg / ml and 25.5 pg / ml, respectively (p=0.008), the same pattern was recorded for 6-sulfatoxymelatonin: 14, 72 pg / ml and 31.12 pg / ml, respectively. CONCLUSION Patients with obesity and menstrual dysfunction are more likely to suffer from various sleep disorders and have lower levels of melatonin in saliva and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Е. Н. Андреева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии;
Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова
| | - О. Р. Григорян
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | | | | | - Р. К. Михеев
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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Liang F, Fu J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Qiu N, Ding K, Zeng J, Moore JB, Li R. Associations of Social Jetlag with Dietary Behavior, Physical Activity and Obesity among Chinese Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030510. [PMID: 35276869 PMCID: PMC8840712 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations between social jetlag (SJL), dietary behavior, physical activity, and weight status in Chinese youth. Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey in Wuhan, China in 2019. Information on SJL, the frequency of food and beverage consumption, physical activity, and BMI category were collected via a self-reported questionnaire. The Kruskal-Wallis test and ANOVA were conducted to determine differences in daily consumption frequency of food and beverage groups, BMI category, and physical activity among SJL groups. Logistic regressions and restricted cubic splines were performed to test the association between SJL and the incidence of overweight or obesity. A final sample of 3567 Chinese adolescents [mean (SD) age, 14.67 (1.72) years; 47.41% (1691) female] were included. Our findings demonstrated that adolescents with SJL may consume more unhealthy foods and fewer beneficial foods, while engaging in less moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and reporting higher BMIs. In addition, adolescents who experience more than 2 h of SJL had significant greater risk of overweight or obesity. Our findings on SJL of Chinese adolescents confirm the harmful effects of SJL and also provide insights into the etiology of obesity in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liang
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (F.L.); (J.F.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jialin Fu
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (F.L.); (J.F.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yijia Xu
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (F.L.); (J.F.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yechuang Wang
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (F.L.); (J.F.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Nan Qiu
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (F.L.); (J.F.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (F.L.); (J.F.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (F.L.); (J.F.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Justin B. Moore
- Department of Implementation Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (F.L.); (J.F.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-6875-9901; Fax: +86-27-6875-8648
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Molzof HE, Peterson CM, Thomas SJ, Gloston GF, Johnson RL, Gamble KL. Nightshift Work and Nighttime Eating Are Associated With Higher Insulin and Leptin Levels in Hospital Nurses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:876752. [PMID: 35615722 PMCID: PMC9124849 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian misalignment between behaviors such as feeding and endogenous circadian rhythms, particularly in the context of shiftwork, is associated with poorer cardiometabolic health. We examined whether insulin and leptin levels differ between dayshift versus nightshift nurses, as well as explored whether the timing of food intake modulates these effects in nightshift workers. METHODS Female nurses (N=18; 8 dayshift and 10 nightshift) completed daily diet records for 8 consecutive days. The nurses then completed a 24-h inpatient stay, during which blood specimens were collected every 3 h (beginning at 09:00) and meals were consumed at regular 3-h intervals (09:00, 12:00, 15:00, and 18:00). Specimens were analyzed for insulin and leptin levels, and generalized additive models were used to examine differences in mean insulin and leptin levels. RESULTS Mean insulin and leptin levels were higher in nightshift nurses by 11.6 ± 3.8 mU/L (p=0.003) and 7.4 ± 3.4 ng/ml (p=0.03), respectively, compared to dayshift nurses. In an exploratory subgroup analysis of nightshift nurses, predominately eating at night (21:00 - 06:00) was associated with significantly higher insulin and leptin levels than consuming most calories during the daytime (06:00 - 21:00). CONCLUSIONS In our study of hospital nurses, working the nightshift was associated with higher insulin and leptin levels, and these effects were driven by eating predominately at night. We conclude that although nightshift work may raise insulin and leptin levels, eating during the daytime may attenuate some of the negative effects of nightshift work on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylton E. Molzof
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Sleep Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Courtney M. Peterson
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - S. Justin Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gabrielle F. Gloston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Russell L. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Karen L. Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Karen L. Gamble,
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Kant R, Yadav P, Pratti M, Barnwal S. Hypoglycemia: Elucidating its circadian propensity and recovery time based on clinical parameters. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2022; 13:29-37. [PMID: 35178205 PMCID: PMC8797821 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.13.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoglycemia is frequently associated with insulin therapy in diabetic patients; it leads to many short and long-term complications and even death if not addressed in time. This study was undertaken to observe the circadian propensity of hypoglycemia and its recovery time based on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients' clinical parameters. METHODS We included type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) hospitalized patients with the exclusion of patients suffering from critical illness. Data were collected for a period of three months (September to November 2019). RESULTS A total of 120 patients were included, comprising 60% males and 40% females. Approximately 55% of patients had hypoglycemic episodes at around 12 am- 6 am. The most common comorbidity present in these patients was hypertension (43.3%, P=0.931). Anemia (OR-3.765, CI-1.350-5.500, P=0.011), retinopathy (OR 6.066, CI-2.031-8.113, P=0.001), and duration of DM (OR-6.266, CI-2.209-7.774, P=0.001) were significantly associated with the recovery time of hypoglycemia, around 50±14.14min in the elderly population of age 60-70. People with BMI 22.5- 27.5 Kg/m2 took around 45.66 ± 19.37 min to recover after treatment. CONCLUSION Time taken to recover from hypoglycemic episodes vary with age and BMI. Associated comorbidities such as anemia, retinopathy, and DM duration had a significant bearing on the time taken to recover from hypoglycemia. Recovery time was directly proportional to BMI, a new finding that needs further molecular level evaluation. Circadian propensity of hypoglycemia in these patients have been identified in the early morning hours of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Center of Excellence in Nursing Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Madhuri Pratti
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Shruti Barnwal
- Department of Dermatology, Govt. Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India
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Brown MR, Sen SK, Mazzone A, Her TK, Xiong Y, Lee JH, Javeed N, Colwell CS, Rakshit K, LeBrasseur NK, Gaspar-Maia A, Ordog T, Matveyenko AV. Time-restricted feeding prevents deleterious metabolic effects of circadian disruption through epigenetic control of β cell function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6856. [PMID: 34910509 PMCID: PMC8673777 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disruption (CD) is associated with impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While the link between CD and T2DM remains unclear, there is accumulating evidence that disruption of fasting/feeding cycles mediates metabolic dysfunction. Here, we used an approach encompassing analysis of behavioral, physiological, transcriptomic, and epigenomic effects of CD and consequences of restoring fasting/feeding cycles through time-restricted feeding (tRF) in mice. Results show that CD perturbs glucose homeostasis through disruption of pancreatic β cell function and loss of circadian transcriptional and epigenetic identity. In contrast, restoration of fasting/feeding cycle prevented CD-mediated dysfunction by reestablishing circadian regulation of glucose tolerance, β cell function, transcriptional profile, and reestablishment of proline and acidic amino acid–rich basic leucine zipper (PAR bZIP) transcription factor DBP expression/activity. This study provides mechanistic insights into circadian regulation of β cell function and corresponding beneficial effects of tRF in prevention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Brown
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Satish K. Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amelia Mazzone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tracy K. Her
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yuning Xiong
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeong-Heon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christopher S. Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nathan K. LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexandre Gaspar-Maia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aleksey V. Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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Chellappa SL, Qian J, Vujovic N, Morris CJ, Nedeltcheva A, Nguyen H, Rahman N, Heng SW, Kelly L, Kerlin-Monteiro K, Srivastav S, Wang W, Aeschbach D, Czeisler CA, Shea SA, Adler GK, Garaulet M, Scheer FAJL. Daytime eating prevents internal circadian misalignment and glucose intolerance in night work. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg9910. [PMID: 34860550 PMCID: PMC8641939 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Night work increases diabetes risk. Misalignment between the central circadian “clock” and daily behaviors, typical in night workers, impairs glucose tolerance, likely due to internal misalignment between central and peripheral circadian rhythms. Whether appropriate circadian alignment of eating can prevent internal circadian misalignment and glucose intolerance is unknown. In a 14-day circadian paradigm, we assessed glycemic control during simulated night work with either nighttime or daytime eating. Assessment of central (body temperature) and peripheral (glucose and insulin) endogenous circadian rhythms happened during constant routine protocols before and after simulated night work. Nighttime eating led to misalignment between central and peripheral (glucose) endogenous circadian rhythms and impaired glucose tolerance, whereas restricting meals to daytime prevented it. These findings offer a behavioral approach to preventing glucose intolerance in shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Chellappa
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J. Morris
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arlet Nedeltcheva
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hoa Nguyen
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nishath Rahman
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Su Wei Heng
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Kelly
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kayla Kerlin-Monteiro
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suhina Srivastav
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Aeschbach
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles A. Czeisler
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A. Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gail K. Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Frank A. J. L. Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Mazri FH, Manaf ZA, Shahar S, Mat Ludin AF, Karim NA, Hazwari NDD, Kek QW, Abdul Basir SM, Arifin A. Do Temporal Eating Patterns Differ in Healthy versus Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Individuals? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114121. [PMID: 34836375 PMCID: PMC8618797 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether the temporal patterns of energy and macronutrient intake in early and late eating windows were associated with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) among non-shift workers. A total of 299 overweight/obese non-shift workers (Age: 40.3 ± 6.9 years; 73.6% women; BMI: 31.7 ± 5.0 kg/m2) were recruited in the Klang Valley area of Malaysia. The biochemical parameters were determined from fasting blood samples, whereas information on dietary intake and timing was obtained from a 7-day diet history questionnaire. The midpoint of eating was used to determine the early and late windows. Compared to MHO non-shift workers (n = 173), MUO non-shift workers (n = 126) had lower energy intake from carbohydrates and protein during the early window. In contrast, MUO participants had greater energy intake from carbohydrates and fat during the late window. Participants with unhealthy metabolic status (regardless of their chronotypes) had similar temporal patterns of energy intake characterized by smaller energy intake during the early window and greater energy intake during the late window compared with participants with healthier metabolic status. Overall, the lowest percentile of energy intake during the early window was associated with an increased risk of MUO, after adjustment for potential confounders [odds ratio (OR) = 4.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41-13.11]. The greater the energy intake during the late window, the greater the risk of MUO (OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.11-5.13) (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.03-5.32) (OR = 4.45, 95% CI 1.71-11.56). In summary, consuming less energy earlier in the day and more energy and carbohydrate later in the day was associated with a greater risk of MUO. Thus, a prospective study is needed to explore the potential role of chrono-nutrition practices in modifying risk factors to delay the transition of MHO to MUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Hanani Mazri
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.H.M.); (S.S.); (N.D.D.H.); (Q.W.K.); (S.M.A.B.)
| | - Zahara Abdul Manaf
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.H.M.); (S.S.); (N.D.D.H.); (Q.W.K.); (S.M.A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.H.M.); (S.S.); (N.D.D.H.); (Q.W.K.); (S.M.A.B.)
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Biomedical Science Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Norwahidah Abdul Karim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Diyana Dalila Hazwari
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.H.M.); (S.S.); (N.D.D.H.); (Q.W.K.); (S.M.A.B.)
| | - Qi Wen Kek
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.H.M.); (S.S.); (N.D.D.H.); (Q.W.K.); (S.M.A.B.)
| | - Siti Munirah Abdul Basir
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.H.M.); (S.S.); (N.D.D.H.); (Q.W.K.); (S.M.A.B.)
| | - Asnida Arifin
- Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
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Yuan RK, Zitting KM, Duffy JF, Vujovic N, Wang W, Quan SF, Klerman EB, Scheer FAJL, Buxton OM, Williams JS, Czeisler CA. Chronic Sleep Restriction While Minimizing Circadian Disruption Does Not Adversely Affect Glucose Tolerance. Front Physiol 2021; 12:764737. [PMID: 34744800 PMCID: PMC8564292 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.764737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep, which has been shown to adversely affect metabolism, is generally associated with prolonged exposure to artificial light at night, a known circadian disruptor. There is growing evidence suggesting that circadian disruption adversely affects metabolism, yet few studies have attempted to evaluate the adverse metabolic effects of insufficient sleep while controlling for circadian disruption. We assessed postprandial glucose and insulin responses to a standard breakfast meal in healthy adults (n = 9) who underwent 3 weeks of chronic sleep restriction (CSR) in a 37-day inpatient study while minimizing circadian disruption by maintaining the same duration of light exposure each study day. We compared these results to findings from an earlier inpatient study which used a forced desynchrony (FD) protocol to assess the influence of 3 weeks of CSR combined with recurrent circadian disruption (RCD) on glycemic control in healthy adults (n = 21). CSR combined with RCD resulted in significantly elevated postprandial plasma glucose levels (p < 0.0001), while CSR with minimized circadian disruption had no adverse glycemic effects after 3 weeks of exposure (EXP). These results suggest that one mechanism by which sleep restriction impacts metabolism may be via concurrent circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Abstract
Circadian disruption is pervasive and can occur at multiple organizational levels, contributing to poor health outcomes at individual and population levels. Evidence points to a bidirectional relationship, in that circadian disruption increases disease severity and many diseases can disrupt circadian rhythms. Importantly, circadian disruption can increase the risk for the expression and development of neurologic, psychiatric, cardiometabolic, and immune disorders. Thus, harnessing the rich findings from preclinical and translational research in circadian biology to enhance health via circadian-based approaches represents a unique opportunity for personalized/precision medicine and overall societal well-being. In this Review, we discuss the implications of circadian disruption for human health using a bench-to-bedside approach. Evidence from preclinical and translational science is applied to a clinical and population-based approach. Given the broad implications of circadian regulation for human health, this Review focuses its discussion on selected examples in neurologic, psychiatric, metabolic, cardiovascular, allergic, and immunologic disorders that highlight the interrelatedness between circadian disruption and human disease and the potential of circadian-based interventions, such as bright light therapy and exogenous melatonin, as well as chronotherapy to improve and/or modify disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Fishbein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, and
| | - Kristen L Knutson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Department of Neurology and Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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46
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Xiao Q, Sampson JN, LaCroix AZ, Shadyab AH, Zeitzer JM, Ancoli-Israel S, Yaffe K, Stone K. Nonparametric parameters of 24-hour rest-activity rhythms and long-term cognitive decline and incident cognitive impairment in older men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:250-258. [PMID: 34558603 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered 24-hour rest-activity rhythms may be associated with cognitive impairment in older adults, but evidence from prospective studies is limited. Non-parametric methods were used to assess actigraphy-based activity patterns in 2,496 older men. Incident cognitive impairment was assessed four times over 12 years using the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MS) and Trails B tests, self-reported medication use, and clinical diagnosis. The highest quartile (vs. the lowest) of intradaily variability and the lowest quartiles (vs. the highest) of interdaily stability and relative amplitude were associated with incident cognitive impairment ((Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.82 (1.31, 2.53)), 1.36 (0.99, 1.86), and 1.85 (1.33, 2.56), respectively). A larger increase in intradaily variability over 7.5 years was associated with a greater subsequent decline in 3MS scores but not in Trails B performance. In conclusion, less stable and more variable rest-activity rhythms may represent early biomarkers of cognitive impairment in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jamie M Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.,Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto CA
| | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kristin Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Katie Stone
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
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47
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Nagare R, Woo M, MacNaughton P, Plitnick B, Tinianov B, Figueiro M. Access to Daylight at Home Improves Circadian Alignment, Sleep, and Mental Health in Healthy Adults: A Crossover Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18199980. [PMID: 34639284 PMCID: PMC8507741 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18199980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
As the primary environmental cue for the body’s master biological clock, light–dark patterns are key for circadian alignment and are ultimately fundamental to multiple dimensions of health including sleep and mental health. Although daylight provides the proper qualities of light for promoting circadian alignment, our modern indoor lifestyles offer fewer opportunities for adequate daylight exposure. This field study explores how increasing circadian-effective light in residences affects circadian phase, sleep, vitality, and mental health. In this crossover study, 20 residents spent one week in their apartments with electrochromic glass windows and another week with functionally standard windows with blinds. Calibrated light sensors revealed higher daytime circadian-effective light levels with the electrochromic glass windows, and participants exhibited consistent melatonin onset, a 22-min earlier sleep onset, and higher sleep regularity. In the blinds condition, participants exhibited a 15-min delay in dim light melatonin onset, a delay in subjective vitality throughout the day, and an overall lower positive affect. This study demonstrates the impact of daytime lighting on the physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures of circadian health in a real-world environment and stresses the importance of designing buildings that optimize daylight for human health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Nagare
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health, Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.P.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - May Woo
- View, Inc., Milpitas, CA 95035, USA; (M.W.); (P.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Piers MacNaughton
- View, Inc., Milpitas, CA 95035, USA; (M.W.); (P.M.); (B.T.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barbara Plitnick
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health, Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.P.); (M.F.)
| | | | - Mariana Figueiro
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health, Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.P.); (M.F.)
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Aiello EM, Deshpande S, Ozaslan B, Wolkowicz KL, Dassau E, Pinsker JE, Doyle FJ. Review of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems for Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: Tailored Solutions for Subpopulations. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 19. [PMID: 34368518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have proven safe and effective in improving glycemic outcomes in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Clinical evaluation of this technology has progressed to large randomized, controlled outpatient studies and recent commercial approval of AID systems for children and adults. However, several challenges remain in improving these systems for different subpopulations (e.g., young children, athletes, pregnant women, seniors and those with hypoglycemia unawareness). In this review, we highlight the requirements and challenges in AID design for selected subpopulations, and discuss current advances from recent clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora M Aiello
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 150 Western Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, USA.,Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Sunil Deshpande
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 150 Western Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, USA.,Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Basak Ozaslan
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 150 Western Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, USA.,Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Kelilah L Wolkowicz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Eyal Dassau
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 150 Western Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, USA.,Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA
| | | | - Francis J Doyle
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 150 Western Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, USA.,Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA
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49
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Diurnal variation in gene expression of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after eating a standard meal compared with a high protein meal: A cross-over study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4349-4359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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50
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Qian J, Martinez-Lozano N, Tvarijonaviciute A, Rios R, Scheer FAJL, Garaulet M. Blunted rest-activity rhythms link to higher body mass index and inflammatory markers in children. Sleep 2021; 44:6010463. [PMID: 33249510 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Disturbances of rest-activity rhythms are associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in adults. Whether such relationship exists in children is unclear. We aimed to examine cross-sectional associations of rest-activity rhythm characteristics with BMI z-score and obesity-related inflammatory markers in school-age children. METHODS Participants included 411 healthy children (mean ± SD age 10.1 ± 1.3 years, 50.8% girls) from a Mediterranean area of Spain who wore wrist accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Metrics of rest-activity rhythm were derived using both parametric and nonparametric approaches. Obesity-related inflammatory markers were measured in saliva (n = 121). RESULTS In a multivariable-adjusted model, higher BMI z-score is associated with less robust 24-h rest-activity rhythms as represented by lower relative amplitude (-0.16 [95% CI -0.29, -0.02] per SD, p = 0.02). The association between BMI z-score and relative amplitude persisted with additional adjustment for sleep duration, and attenuated after adjustment for daytime activity level. Less robust rest-activity rhythms were related to increased levels of several salivary pro-inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, which is inversely associated with relative amplitude (-32.6% [-47.8%, -12.9%] per SD), independently of BMI z-score, sleep duration, and daytime activity level. CONCLUSION Blunted rest-activity rhythms are associated with higher BMI z-score and salivary pro-inflammatory markers already at an early age. The association with BMI z-score seem to be independent of sleep duration, and those with pro-inflammatory markers further independent of BMI z-score and daytime activity. Novel intervention targets at an early age based on improving the strength of rest-activity rhythms may help to prevent childhood obesity and related inflammation. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02895282.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nuria Martinez-Lozano
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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