1
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Ma L, Wu DY, Wang Y, Hall JM, Mi CR, Xie HX, Tao WJ, Hou C, Cheng KM, Zhang YP, Wang JC, Lu HL, Du WG, Sun BJ. Collective effects of rising average temperatures and heat events on oviparous embryos. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14266. [PMID: 38578127 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Survival of the immobile embryo in response to rising temperature is important to determine a species' vulnerability to climate change. However, the collective effects of 2 key thermal characteristics associated with climate change (i.e., rising average temperature and acute heat events) on embryonic survival remain largely unexplored. We used empirical measurements and niche modeling to investigate how chronic and acute heat stress independently and collectively influence the embryonic survival of lizards across latitudes. We collected and bred lizards from 5 latitudes and incubated their eggs across a range of temperatures to quantify population-specific responses to chronic and acute heat stress. Using an embryonic development model parameterized with measured embryonic heat tolerances, we further identified a collective impact of embryonic chronic and acute heat tolerances on embryonic survival. We also incorporated embryonic chronic and acute heat tolerance in hybrid species distribution models to determine species' range shifts under climate change. Embryos' tolerance of chronic heat (T-chronic) remained consistent across latitudes, whereas their tolerance of acute heat (T-acute) was higher at high latitudes than at low latitudes. Tolerance of acute heat exerted a more pronounced influence than tolerance of chronic heat. In species distribution models, climate change led to the most significant habitat loss for each population and species in its low-latitude distribution. Consequently, habitat for populations across all latitudes will shift toward high latitudes. Our study also highlights the importance of considering embryonic survival under chronic and acute heat stresses to predict species' vulnerability to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan-Yang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Joshua M Hall
- Department of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chun-Rong Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jie Tao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao Hou
- School of Science, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun-Ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Yong-Pu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ji-Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Guo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Wilkes LN, Barner AK, Keyes AA, Morton D, Byrnes JEK, Dee LE. Quantifying co-extinctions and ecosystem service vulnerability in coastal ecosystems experiencing climate warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17422. [PMID: 39034898 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is negatively impacting ecosystems and their contributions to human well-being, known as ecosystem services. Previous research has mainly focused on the direct effects of climate change on species and ecosystem services, leaving a gap in understanding the indirect impacts resulting from changes in species interactions within complex ecosystems. This knowledge gap is significant because the loss of a species in a food web can lead to additional species losses or "co-extinctions," particularly when the species most impacted by climate change are also the species that play critical roles in food web persistence or provide ecosystem services. Here, we present a framework to investigate the relationships among species vulnerability to climate change, their roles within the food web, their contributions to ecosystem services, and the overall persistence of these systems and services in the face of climate-induced species losses. To do this, we assess the robustness of food webs and their associated ecosystem services to climate-driven species extinctions in eight empirical rocky intertidal food webs. Across food webs, we find that highly connected species are not the most vulnerable to climate change. However, we find species that directly provide ecosystem services are more vulnerable to climate change and more connected than species that do not directly provide services, which results in ecosystem service provision collapsing before food webs. Overall, we find that food webs are more robust to climate change than the ecosystem services they provide and show that combining species roles in food webs and services with their vulnerability to climate change offer predictions about the impacts of co-extinctions for future food web and ecosystem service persistence. However, these conclusions are limited by data availability and quality, underscoring the need for more comprehensive data collection on linking species roles in interaction networks and their vulnerabilities to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexi N Wilkes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Aislyn A Keyes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Boothbay, Maine, USA
| | - Dana Morton
- Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, Maine, USA
| | - Jarrett E K Byrnes
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura E Dee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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3
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Mirón-Gatón JM, Velasco J, Pallarés S, García-Meseguer AJ, Millán A, Bilton DT. Testing metabolic cold adaptation and the climatic variability hypothesis in two latitudinally distant populations of a supratidal water beetle. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103934. [PMID: 39111060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Temperature significantly impacts ectotherm physiology, with thermal tolerance and metabolic traits typically varying with latitude across species ranges. The drivers of this variation remain unclear, however, despite obvious consequences for population persistence and conservation in the face of ongoing global change. This study explored local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity of metabolic rates and thermal limits in the supratidal rockpool beetle Ochthebius lejolisii. Using populations from localities at different ends of the species range that experience contrasting thermal variability, we simultaneously tested two of the major paradigms of spatial physiological ecology: metabolic cold adaptation (MCA) and the climatic variability hypothesis (CVH). Reciprocal acclimation was conducted under spring temperature regimes of both localities, incorporating local diurnal variation. Metabolic rates were measured by closed respirometry, and thermal tolerance limits estimated through thermography. In line with MCA, the higher-latitude population (colder climate) showed higher metabolic rates and temperature coefficients (Q10s) at lower temperatures than the lower-latitude population. As predicted by the CVH, the lower-latitude population (more variable climate) showed higher upper thermal tolerance but only the higher-latitude population was able to acclimate upper thermal limits. This result suggests trade-offs between physiological thermal limits and thermal plasticity in this species. A limited acclimation capacity could make populations on Mediterranean coasts especially vulnerable in the face of projected increases in extreme temperatures under ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Mirón-Gatón
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Spain.
| | - J Velasco
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - S Pallarés
- Department of Zoology, University of Seville, Spain
| | | | - A Millán
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - D T Bilton
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
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4
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Williams TJ, Reed AJ, Peck LS, Godbold JA, Solan M. Ocean warming and acidification adjust inter- and intra-specific variability in the functional trait expression of polar invertebrates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14985. [PMID: 38951669 PMCID: PMC11217501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is known to affect the distribution and composition of species, but concomitant alterations to functionally important aspects of behaviour and species-environment relations are poorly constrained. Here, we examine the ecosystem ramifications of changes in sediment-dwelling invertebrate bioturbation behaviour-a key process mediating nutrient cycling-associated with near-future environmental conditions (+ 1.5 °C, 550 ppm [pCO2]) for species from polar regions experiencing rapid rates of climate change. We find that responses to warming and acidification vary between species and lead to a reduction in intra-specific variability in behavioural trait expression that adjusts the magnitude and direction of nutrient concentrations. Our analyses also indicate that species behaviour is not predetermined, but can be dependent on local variations in environmental history that set population capacities for phenotypic plasticity. We provide evidence that certain, but subtle, aspects of inter- and intra-specific variation in behavioural trait expression, rather than the presence or proportional representation of species per se, is an important and under-appreciated determinant of benthic biogeochemical responses to climate change. Such changes in species behaviour may act as an early warning for impending ecological transitions associated with progressive climate forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Williams
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - Adam J Reed
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Jasmin A Godbold
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Martin Solan
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
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Beaudreau N, Page TM, Drolet D, McKindsey CW, Howland KL, Calosi P. Using a metabolomics approach to investigate the sensitivity of a potential Arctic-invader and its Arctic sister-species to marine heatwaves and traditional harvesting disturbances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170167. [PMID: 38242480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Coastal species are threatened by fishing practices and changing environmental conditions, such as marine heatwaves (MHW). The mechanisms that confer tolerance to such stressors in marine invertebrates are poorly understood. However, differences in tolerance among different species may be attributed to their geographical distribution. To test the tolerance of species occupying different thermal ranges, we used two closely related bivalves the softshell clam Mya arenaria (Linnaeus, 1758), a cold-temperate invader with demonstrated potential for establishment in the Arctic, and the blunt gaper Mya truncata (Linnaeus, 1758), a native polar species. Clams were subjected to a thermal stress, mimicking a MHW, and harvesting stress in a controlled environment. Seven acute temperature changes (2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, and 32 °C) were tested at two harvesting disturbance intensities (with, without). Survival was measured after 12 days and three tissues (gills, mantle, and posterior adductor muscle) collected from surviving individuals for targeted metabolomic profiling. MHW tolerance differed significantly between species: 26.9 °C for M. arenaria and 17.8 °C for M. truncata, with a negligeable effect of harvesting. At the upper thermal limit, M. arenaria displayed a more profound metabolomic remodelling when compared to M. truncata, and this varied greatly between tissue types. Network analysis revealed differences in pathway utilization at the upper MHW limit, with M. arenaria displaying a greater reliance on multiple DNA repair and expression and cell signalling pathways, while M. truncata was limited to fewer pathways. This suggests that M. truncata is ill equipped to cope with warming environments. MHW patterning in the Northwest Atlantic may be a strong predictor of population survival and future range shifts in these two clam species. As polar environments undergo faster rates of warming compared to the global average, M. truncata may be outcompeted by M. arenaria expanding into its native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Beaudreau
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Tessa M Page
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - David Drolet
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Demersal and Benthic Science Branch, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher W McKindsey
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Demersal and Benthic Science Branch, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, Québec, Canada
| | - Kimberly L Howland
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Arctic and Aquatic Research Division, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Piero Calosi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada.
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6
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Pallarés S, Garoffolo D, Rodríguez B, Sánchez-Fernández D. Role of climatic variability in shaping intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in Mediterranean water beetles. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:285-298. [PMID: 37370260 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The climatic variability hypothesis (CVH) predicts that organisms in more thermally variable environments have wider thermal breadths and higher thermal plasticity than those from more stable environments. However, due to evolutionary trade-offs, taxa with greater absolute thermal limits may have little plasticity of such limits (trade-off hypothesis). The CVH assumes that climatic variability is the ultimate driver of thermal tolerance variation across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients, but average temperature also varies along such gradients. We explored intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in three typical Mediterranean saline water beetles (families Hydrophilidae and Dytiscidae). For each species, we compared two populations where the species coexist, with similar annual mean temperature but contrasting thermal variability (continental vs. coastal population). We estimated thermal limits of adults from each population, previously acclimated at 17, 20, or 25 °C. We found species-specific patterns but overall, our results agree with the CVH regarding thermal ranges, which were wider in the continental (more variable) population. In the two hydrophilid species, this came at the cost of losing plasticity of the upper thermal limit in this population, supporting the trade-off hypothesis, but not in the dytiscid one. Our results support the role of local adaptation to thermal variability and trade-offs between basal tolerance and physiological plasticity in shaping thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms, but also suggest that intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance does not fit a general pattern among aquatic insects. Overlooking such intraspecific variation could lead to inaccurate predictions of the vulnerability of aquatic insects to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Pallarés
- Department of Zoology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - David Garoffolo
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Belén Rodríguez
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Fernández
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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7
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Del Vecchio G, Rodríguez‐Fuentes G, Rosas C, Mascaró M. Thermoregulatory response in juvenile Hippocampus erectus: Effect of magnitude and rate of thermal increase on metabolism and antioxidative defence. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10977. [PMID: 38380062 PMCID: PMC10877557 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Behavioural, physiological and biochemical mechanisms constitute the adaptive capacities that allow marine ectotherms to explore the environment beyond their thermal optimal. Limitations to the efficiency of these mechanisms define the transition from moderate to severe thermal stress, and serve to characterise the thermoregulatory response in the zone of thermal tolerance. We selected a tropical population of Hippocampus erectus to describe the timing of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in response to the following increments in water temperature: (i) 4°C abrupt (26-30°C in <5 min); (ii) 7°C abrupt (26-33°C); (iii) 4°C gradual (1°C every 3 h) and (iv) 7°C gradual (1.5°C every 3 h). The routine metabolic rate (Rrout) of juvenile H. erectus was measured immediately before and after 0.5, 12 and 28 h of being exposed to each thermal treatment. Samples of muscle and abdominal organs were taken to quantify indicators of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress at each moment throughout exposure. Results showed a full thermoregulatory response within 0.5 h: Rrout increased in direct correspondence with both the magnitude and rate of thermal increase; peroxidised lipids rapidly accumulated before the antioxidant defence was activated and early lactate concentrations suggested an immediate, yet temporary, reduction in aerobic scope. After 12 h, Rrout had decreased in sea horses exposed to 30°C, but not to 33°C, where Rrout continued high until the end of trials. Within 28 h of thermal exposure, all metabolite and antioxidant defence indicators had been restored to control levels (26°C). These findings testify to the outstanding thermal plasticity of H. erectus and explain their adjustment to rapid fluctuations in ambient temperature. Such features, however, do not protect this tropical population from the deleterious effects of chronic exposure to temperatures that have been predicted for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Del Vecchio
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSisalYucatanMexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez‐Fuentes
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSisalYucatanMexico
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSisalYucatanMexico
| | - Maite Mascaró
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSisalYucatanMexico
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8
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Páez-Vacas MI, Funk WC. Thermal limits along tropical elevational gradients: Poison frog tadpoles show plasticity but maintain divergence across elevation. J Therm Biol 2024; 120:103815. [PMID: 38402728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Temperature is arguably one of the most critical environmental factors impacting organisms at molecular, organismal, and ecological levels. Temperature variation across elevation may cause divergent selection in physiological critical thermal limits (CTMAX and CTMIN). Generally, high elevation populations are predicted to withstand lower environmental temperatures than low elevation populations. Organisms can also exhibit phenotypic plasticity when temperature varies, although theory and empirical evidence suggest that tropical ectotherms have relatively limited ability to acclimate. To study the effect of temperature variation along elevational transects on thermal limits, we measured CTMAX and CTMIN of 934 tadpoles of a poison frog species, Epipedobates anthonyi, along two elevational gradients (200-1700 m asl) in southwestern Ecuador to investigate their thermal tolerance across elevation. We also tested if tadpoles could plastically shift their critical thermal limits in response to exposure to different temperatures representing the range of temperatures they experience in nature (20 °C, 24 °C, and 28 °C). Overall, we found that CTMAX did not change across elevation. In contrast, CTMIN was lower at higher elevations, suggesting that elevational variation in temperature influences this thermal trait. Moreover, all populations shifted their CTMAX and CTMIN according to treatment temperatures, demonstrating an acclimation response. Overall, trends in CTMIN among high, mid, and low elevation populations were maintained despite plastic responses to treatment temperature. These results demonstrate that, for tadpoles of E. anthonyi across tropical elevational gradients, temperature acts as a selective force for CTMIN, even when populations show acclimation abilities in both, CTMAX and CTMIN. Our findings advance our understanding on how environmental variation affects organisms' evolutionary trajectories and their abilities to persist in a changing climate in a tropical biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica I Páez-Vacas
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Av. Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador; Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Jambatu, San Rafael, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - W Chris Funk
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Ding C, Newbold T, Ameca EI. Assessing the global vulnerability of dryland birds to heatwaves. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17136. [PMID: 38273501 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
As global average surface temperature increases, extreme climatic events such as heatwaves are becoming more frequent and intense, which can drive biodiversity responses such as rapid population declines and/or shifts in species distributions and even local extirpations. However, the impacts of extreme climatic events are largely ignored in conservation plans. Birds are known to be susceptible to heatwaves, especially in dryland ecosystems. Understanding which birds are most vulnerable to heatwaves, and where these birds occur, can offer a scientific basis for adaptive management and conservation. We assessed the relative vulnerability of 1196 dryland bird species to heatwaves using a trait-based approach. Among them, 888 bird species are estimated to be vulnerable to heatwaves (170 highly vulnerable, eight extremely vulnerable), of which ~91% are currently considered non-threatened by the IUCN, which suggests that many species will likely become newly threatened with intensifying climate change. We identified the top three hotspot areas of heatwave-vulnerable species in Australia (208 species), Southern Africa (125 species) and Eastern Africa (99 species). Populations of vulnerable species recorded in the Living Planet Database were found to be declining significantly faster than those of non-vulnerable species (p = .048) after heatwaves occurred. In contrast, no significant difference in population trends between vulnerable and non-vulnerable species was detected when no heatwave occurred (p = .34). This suggests that our vulnerability framework correctly identified vulnerable species and that heatwaves are already impacting the population trends of these species. Our findings will help prioritize heatwave-vulnerable birds in dryland ecosystems in risk mitigation and adaptation management as the frequency of heatwaves accelerates in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Newbold
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric I Ameca
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Climate Change Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
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10
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Gu S, Qi T, Rohr JR, Liu X. Meta-analysis reveals less sensitivity of non-native animals than natives to extreme weather worldwide. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:2004-2027. [PMID: 37932385 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events (EWEs; for example, heatwaves, cold spells, storms, floods and droughts) and non-native species invasions are two major threats to global biodiversity and are increasing in both frequency and consequences. Here we synthesize 443 studies and apply multilevel mixed-effects metaregression analyses to compare the responses of 187 non-native and 1,852 native animal species across terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems to different types of EWE. Our results show that marine animals, regardless of whether they are non-native or native, are overall insensitive to EWEs, except for negative effects of heatwaves on native mollusks, corals and anemone. By contrast, terrestrial and freshwater non-native animals are only adversely affected by heatwaves and storms, respectively, whereas native animals negatively respond to heatwaves, cold spells and droughts in terrestrial ecosystems and are vulnerable to most EWEs except cold spells in freshwater ecosystems. On average, non-native animals displayed low abundance in terrestrial ecosystems, and decreased body condition and life history traits in freshwater ecosystems, whereas native animals displayed declines in body condition, life history traits, abundance, distribution and recovery in terrestrial ecosystems, and community structure in freshwater ecosystems. By identifying areas with high overlap between EWEs and EWE-tolerant non-native species, we also provide locations where native biodiversity might be adversely affected by their joint effects and where EWEs might facilitate the establishment and/or spread of non-native species under continuing global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Grunst ML, Grunst AS, Grémillet D, Fort J. Combined threats of climate change and contaminant exposure through the lens of bioenergetics. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5139-5168. [PMID: 37381110 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Organisms face energetic challenges of climate change in combination with suites of natural and anthropogenic stressors. In particular, chemical contaminant exposure has neurotoxic, endocrine-disrupting, and behavioral effects which may additively or interactively combine with challenges associated with climate change. We used a literature review across animal taxa and contaminant classes, but focused on Arctic endotherms and contaminants important in Arctic ecosystems, to demonstrate potential for interactive effects across five bioenergetic domains: (1) energy supply, (2) energy demand, (3) energy storage, (4) energy allocation tradeoffs, and (5) energy management strategies; and involving four climate change-sensitive environmental stressors: changes in resource availability, temperature, predation risk, and parasitism. Identified examples included relatively equal numbers of synergistic and antagonistic interactions. Synergies are often suggested to be particularly problematic, since they magnify biological effects. However, we emphasize that antagonistic effects on bioenergetic traits can be equally problematic, since they can reflect dampening of beneficial responses and result in negative synergistic effects on fitness. Our review also highlights that empirical demonstrations remain limited, especially in endotherms. Elucidating the nature of climate change-by-contaminant interactive effects on bioenergetic traits will build toward determining overall outcomes for energy balance and fitness. Progressing to determine critical species, life stages, and target areas in which transformative effects arise will aid in forecasting broad-scale bioenergetic outcomes under global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Grunst
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Andrea S Grunst
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - David Grémillet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
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12
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Medina-Báez OA, Lenard A, Muzychuk RA, da Silva CRB, Diamond SE. Life cycle complexity and body mass drive erratic changes in climate vulnerability across ontogeny in a seasonally migrating butterfly. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad058. [PMID: 37547363 PMCID: PMC10401068 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Physiological traits are often used for vulnerability assessments of organismal responses to climate change. Trait values can change dramatically over the life cycle of organisms but are typically assessed at a single developmental stage. Reconciling ontogenetic changes in physiological traits with vulnerability assessments often reveals early life-stage vulnerabilities. The degree to which ontogenetic changes in physiological traits are due to changes in body mass over development versus stage-specific responses determines the degree to which mass can be used as a proxy for vulnerability. Here, we use the painted lady butterfly, Vanessa cardui, to test ontogenetic changes in two physiological traits, the acute thermal sensitivity of routine metabolic rate (RMR Q10) and the critical thermal maximum (CTmax). RMR Q10 generally followed ontogenetic changes in body mass, with stages characterized by smaller body mass exhibiting lower acute thermal sensitivity. However, CTmax was largely decoupled from ontogenetic changes in body mass. In contrast with trends from other studies showing increasing vulnerability among progressively earlier developmental stages, our study revealed highly erratic patterns of vulnerability across ontogeny. Specifically, we found the lowest joint-trait vulnerability (both RMR Q10 and CTmax) in the earliest developmental stage we tested (3rd instar larvae), the highest vulnerabilities in the next two developmental stages (4th and 5th instar larvae), and reduced vulnerability into the pupal and adult stages. Our study supports growing evidence of mechanistic decoupling of physiology across developmental stages and suggests that body mass is not a universal proxy for all physiological trait indicators of climate vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmary A Medina-Báez
- Corresponding author: Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Tel: 1-216-368-0699.
| | - Angie Lenard
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2074 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rut A Muzychuk
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2074 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Carmen R B da Silva
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2074 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton 3800, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Anchor Court, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Diamond
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2074 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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13
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Booth JM, Giomi F, Daffonchio D, McQuaid CD, Fusi M. Disturbance of primary producer communities disrupts the thermal limits of the associated aquatic fauna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162135. [PMID: 36775146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental fluctuation forms a framework of variability within which species have evolved. Environmental fluctuation includes predictability, such as diel cycles of aquatic oxygen fluctuation driven by primary producers. Oxygen availability and fluctuation shape the physiological responses of aquatic animals to warming, so that, in theory, oxygen fluctuation could influence their thermal ecology. We describe annual oxygen variability in agricultural drainage channels and show that disruption of oxygen fluctuation through dredging of plants reduces the thermal tolerance of freshwater animals. We compared the temperature responses of snails, amphipods, leeches and mussels exposed to either natural oxygen fluctuation or constant oxygen in situ under different acclimation periods. Oxygen saturation in channel water ranged from c. 0 % saturation at night to >300 % during the day. Temperature showed normal seasonal variation and was almost synchronous with daily oxygen fluctuation. A dredging event in 2020 dramatically reduced dissolved oxygen variability and the correlation between oxygen and temperature was lost. The tolerance of invertebrates to thermal stress was significantly lower when natural fluctuation in oxygen availability was reduced and decoupled from temperature. This highlights the importance of natural cycles of variability and the need to include finer scale effects, including indirect biological effects, in modelling the ecosystem-level consequences of climate change. Furthermore, restoration and management of primary producers in aquatic habitats could be important to improve the thermal protection of aquatic invertebrates and their resistance to environmental variation imposed by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Booth
- Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
| | - F Giomi
- Via Maniciati, 6, Padova, Italy
| | - D Daffonchio
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - C D McQuaid
- Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - M Fusi
- Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK; Present address: Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough PE1 1JY, UK.
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14
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Missionário M, Travesso M, Calado R, Madeira D. Cellular stress response and acclimation capacity of the ditch shrimp Palaemon varians to extreme weather events - How plastic can a plastic species be? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158732. [PMID: 36122726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Species from shallow marine environments are particularly vulnerable to extreme weather events (heatwaves and extreme rainfall) that can promote abrupt environmental shifts, namely in temperature and salinity (respectively). To assess how these shifts impact species' cellular stress responses (CSR), ditch shrimps Palaemon varians were exposed to a chronic (28 days) thermohaline stress experiment. Three levels of temperature (20, 23 and 26 °C) and two levels of salinity (20 and 40) were tested in a full factorial experiment, and shrimps sampled at the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of exposure. Survival, wet weight (as proxy for growth), and cellular stress biomarkers associated with oxidative stress (LPO - Lipid Peroxidation, GST - Glutathione-S-Transferase, SOD - Superoxide Dismutase, TAC - Total Antioxidant Capacity and CAT - Catalase) and protein denaturation (UBI - Ubiquitin and HSP-70 - Heat Shock Protein 70 kDa) were analysed in shrimps' muscle at each sampling day. Temperature and time of exposure significantly affected biomarker levels, with shrimps exposed to 20 and 26 °C revealing more pronounced differences. No interactions were detected between temperature and salinity, suggesting that these factors display additive effects on shrimps' CSR. Antioxidant agents (CAT and TAC) increased under elevated temperature, while protein denaturation markers (UBI and HSP-70) were mostly affected by time of exposure, decreasing at 28 days. Total protein reserves increased throughout time and no effects on wet weight were observed. A negative correlation between wet weight and HSP-70 was detected, suggesting that HSP-70 levels are dependent on organism size. Peak survival (~73 %) was found under 20 °C and salinity 40 and lower survival (~30-40 %) was associated with higher temperatures (23 and 26 °C) and lower salinity (20). We conclude that P. varians displays some level of acclimation capacity but differences in survival may indicate effects on osmoregulation processes and the need for longer timeframes to fully acclimate to heat and hyposaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Missionário
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Margarida Travesso
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Diana Madeira
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal.
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15
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Shokri M, Cozzoli F, Vignes F, Bertoli M, Pizzul E, Basset A. Metabolic rate and climate change across latitudes: evidence of mass-dependent responses in aquatic amphipods. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:280993. [PMID: 36337048 PMCID: PMC9720750 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Predictions of individual responses to climate change are often based on the assumption that temperature affects the metabolism of individuals independently of their body mass. However, empirical evidence indicates that interactive effects exist. Here, we investigated the response of individual standard metabolic rate (SMR) to annual temperature range and forecasted temperature rises of 0.6-1.2°C above the current maxima, under the conservative climate change scenario IPCC RCP2.6. As a model organism, we used the amphipod Gammarus insensibilis, collected across latitudes along the western coast of the Adriatic Sea down to the southernmost limit of the species' distributional range, with individuals varying in body mass (0.4-13.57 mg). Overall, we found that the effect of temperature on SMR is mass dependent. Within the annual temperature range, the mass-specific SMR of small/young individuals increased with temperature at a greater rate (activation energy: E=0.48 eV) than large/old individuals (E=0.29 eV), with a higher metabolic level for high-latitude than low-latitude populations. However, under the forecasted climate conditions, the mass-specific SMR of large individuals responded differently across latitudes. Unlike the higher-latitude population, whose mass-specific SMR increased in response to the forecasted climate change across all size classes, in the lower-latitude populations, this increase was not seen in large individuals. The larger/older conspecifics at lower latitudes could therefore be the first to experience the negative impacts of warming on metabolism-related processes. Although the ecological collapse of such a basic trophic level (aquatic amphipods) owing to climate change would have profound consequences for population ecology, the risk is significantly mitigated by phenotypic and genotypic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Shokri
- Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Francesco Cozzoli
- Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy,Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET–URT Lecce), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Campus Ecotekne, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Fabio Vignes
- Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Bertoli
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pizzul
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Basset
- Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy,National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
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16
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Nielsen JJV, Matthews G, Frith KR, Harrison HB, Marzonie MR, Slaughter KL, Suggett DJ, Bay LK. Experimental considerations of acute heat stress assays to quantify coral thermal tolerance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16831. [PMID: 36207307 PMCID: PMC9546840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the distribution and abundance of heat tolerant corals across seascapes is imperative for predicting responses to climate change and to support novel management actions. Thermal tolerance is variable in corals and intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of tolerance are not well understood. Traditional experimental evaluations of coral heat and bleaching tolerance typically involve ramp-and-hold experiments run across days to weeks within aquarium facilities with limits to colony replication. Field-based acute heat stress assays have emerged as an alternative experimental approach to rapidly quantify heat tolerance in many samples yet the role of key methodological considerations on the stress response measured remains unresolved. Here, we quantify the effects of coral fragment size, sampling time point, and physiological measures on the acute heat stress response in adult corals. The effect of fragment size differed between species (Acropora tenuis and Pocillopora damicornis). Most physiological parameters measured here declined over time (tissue colour, chlorophyll-a and protein content) from the onset of heating, with the exception of maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) which was surprisingly stable over this time scale. Based on our experiments, we identified photosynthetic efficiency, tissue colour change, and host-specific assays such as catalase activity as key physiological measures for rapid quantification of thermal tolerance. We recommend that future applications of acute heat stress assays include larger fragments (> 9 cm2) where possible and sample between 10 and 24 h after the end of heat stress. A validated high-throughput experimental approach combined with cost-effective genomic and physiological measurements underpins the development of markers and maps of heat tolerance across seascapes and ocean warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J V Nielsen
- College of Public Health, Medicine, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. .,Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB #3, Townsville, MC, QLD, 4810, Australia. .,AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - G Matthews
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - K R Frith
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB #3, Townsville, MC, QLD, 4810, Australia.,Centre for Resilience in Environment, Water and Waste, Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, Devon, UK
| | - H B Harrison
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB #3, Townsville, MC, QLD, 4810, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - M R Marzonie
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB #3, Townsville, MC, QLD, 4810, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - K L Slaughter
- AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - D J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - L K Bay
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB #3, Townsville, MC, QLD, 4810, Australia
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17
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Wang MC, Furukawa F, Wang CW, Peng HW, Lin CC, Lin TH, Tseng YC. Multigenerational inspections of environmental thermal perturbations promote metabolic trade-offs in developmental stages of tropical fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119605. [PMID: 35691444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global warming both reduces global temperature variance and increases the frequency of extreme weather events. In response to these ambient perturbations, animals may be subject to trans- or intra-generational phenotype modifications that help to maintain homeostasis and fitness. Here, we show how temperature-associated transgenerational plasticity in tilapia affects metabolic trade-offs during developmental stages under a global warming scenario. Tropical tilapia reared at a stable temperature of 27 °C for a decade were divided into two temperature-experience groups for four generations of breeding. Each generation of one group was exposed to a single 15 °C cold-shock experience during its lifetime (cold-experienced CE group), and the other group was kept stably at 27 °C throughout their lifetimes (cold-naïve CN group). The offspring at early life stages from the CE and CN tilapia were then assessed by metabolomics-based profiling, and the results implied that parental cold-experience might affect energy provision during reproduction. Furthermore, at early life stages, progeny may be endowed with metabolic traits that help the animals cope with ambient temperature perturbations. This study also applied the feature rescaling and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) to visualize metabolic dynamics, and the result could effectively decompose the complex omic-based datasets to represent the energy trade-off variability. For example, the carbohydrate to free amino acid conversion and enhanced compensatory features appeared to be hypothermic-responsive traits. These multigenerational metabolic effects suggest that the tropical ectothermic tilapia may exhibit transgenerational phenotype plasticity, which could optimize energy allocation under ambient temperature challenges. Knowledge about such metabolism-related transgenerational plasticity effects in ectothermic aquatic species may allow us to better predict how adaptive mechanisms will affect fish populations in a climate with narrow temperature variation and frequent extreme weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chen Wang
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, I-Lan County, Taiwan; Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fumiya Furukawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ching-Wei Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Peng
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, I-Lan County, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, I-Lan County, Taiwan.
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18
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Nash N, Klymasz-Swartz AK, Nash MT, Sachs M, Yoon GR, Weihrauch D. Impact of heatwaves and environmental ammonia on energy metabolism, nitrogen excretion, and mRNA expression of related genes in the indicator model system Daphnia magna. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106225. [PMID: 35724523 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to increasing anthropogenic impacts, heatwaves and prolonged exposure to elevated concentrations of ammonia (HEA) may occur in aquatic environments as a single stressor or a combination thereof, potentially impacting the physiology of exposed animals. In the current study, common water fleas Daphnia magna were exposed for one week to either a 5°C increase in temperature, an increase of 300 µmol l-1 total environmental ammonia, or to both of these stressors simultaneously. Exposure to elevated temperature caused a decrease in MO2, ammonia excretion rates, a downregulation of mRNA coding for key Krebs cycle enzymes and the energy consuming Na+/K+-ATPase and V-type H+-ATPase, as well as the energy distributing crustacean hyperglycemic hormone Rh-protein. High environmental ammonia inflicted a lesser inhibitory effect on the energy metabolism of Daphnia, but initiated ammonia detoxification processes via urea synthesis evident by elevated urea excretion rates and a mRNA upregulation of arginase. Effects observed under the combined stressors resembled largely the effects seen after acclimation to elevated temperature alone, potentially due to the animals' capability to efficiently detoxify critical ammonia loads. The observed physiological effects and potential threats of the environmental stressor are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nash
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - M T Nash
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - M Sachs
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - G R Yoon
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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19
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Massamba-N'Siala G, Reygondeau G, Simonini R, Cheung WWL, Prevedelli D, Calosi P. Integrating laboratory experiments and biogeographic modelling approaches to understand sensitivity to ocean warming in rare and common marine annelids. Oecologia 2022; 199:453-470. [PMID: 35689680 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Among ectotherms, rare species are expected to have a narrower thermal niche breadth and reduced acclimation capacity and thus be more vulnerable to global warming than their common relatives. To assess these hypotheses, we experimentally quantified the thermal sensitivity of seven common, uncommon, and rare species of temperate marine annelids of the genus Ophryotrocha to assess their vulnerability to ocean warming. We measured the upper and lower limits of physiological thermal tolerance, survival, and reproductive performance of each species along a temperature gradient (18, 24, and 30 °C). We then combined this information to produce curves of each species' fundamental thermal niche by including trait plasticity. Each thermal curve was then expressed as a habitat suitability index (HSI) and projected for the Mediterranean Sea and temperate Atlantic Ocean under a present day (1970-2000), mid- (2050-2059) and late- (2090-2099) 21st Century scenario for two climate change scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). Rare and uncommon species showed a reduced upper thermal tolerance compared to common species, and the niche breadth and acclimation capacity were comparable among groups. The simulations predicted an overall increase in the HSI for all species and identified potential hotspots of HSI decline for uncommon and rare species along the warm boundaries of their potential distribution, though they failed to project the higher sensitivity of these species into a greater vulnerability to ocean warming. In the discussion, we provide some caveats on the implications of our results for conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Massamba-N'Siala
- Département de Biologie Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE-CNRS), UMR 5175, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Mills Godwin Building 110, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA.
| | - G Reygondeau
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Global Fisheries Cluster, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Simonini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via campi 213, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - W W L Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Global Fisheries Cluster, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D Prevedelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via campi 213, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - P Calosi
- Département de Biologie Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
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20
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Atkins RL, Clancy KM, Ellis WT, Osenberg CW. Thermal Traits Vary with Mass and across Populations of the Marsh Periwinkle, Littoraria irrorata. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 242:173-196. [PMID: 35767414 DOI: 10.1086/719850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPhysiological processes influence how individuals perform in various environmental contexts. The basis of such processes, metabolism, scales allometrically with body mass and nonlinearly with temperature, as described by a thermal performance curve. Past studies of thermal performance curves tend to focus on effects of temperature on a single body size or population, rather than variation in the thermal performance curve across sizes and populations. Here, we estimate intraspecific variation in parameters of the thermal performance curve in the salt marsh gastropod Littoraria irrorata. First, we quantify the thermal performance curve for respiration rate as a function of both temperature and body size in Littoraria and evaluate whether the thermal parameters and body size scaling are interdependent. Next, we quantify how parameters in the thermal performance curve for feeding rate vary between three Littoraria populations that occur along a latitudinal gradient. Our work suggests that the thermal traits describing Littoraria respiration are dependent on body mass and that both the thermal traits and the mass scaling of feeding vary across sites. We found limited evidence to suggest that mass scaling of Littoraria feeding or respiration rates depends on temperature. Variation in the thermal performance curves interacts with the size structure of the Littoraria population to generate divergent population-level responses to temperature. These results highlight the importance of considering variation in population size structure and physiological allometry when attempting to predict how temperature change will affect physiological responses and consumer-resource interactions.
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21
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Saiz E, Griffell K, Olivares M, Solé M, Theodorou I, Calbet A. Reduction in thermal stress of marine copepods after physiological acclimation. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2022; 44:427-442. [PMID: 35664084 PMCID: PMC9155217 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied the phenotypic response to temperature of the marine copepod Paracartia grani at the organismal and cellular levels. First, the acute (2 days) survival, feeding and reproductive performances at 6-35°C were determined. Survival was very high up to ca. 30°C and then dropped, whereas feeding and fecundity peaked at 23-27°C. An acclimation response developed after longer exposures (7 days), resulting in a decline of the biological rate processes. As a consequence, Q10 coefficients dropped from 2.6 to 1.6, and from 2.7 to 1.7 for ingestion and egg production, respectively. Due to the similarity in feeding and egg production thermal responses, gross-growth efficiencies did not vary with temperature. Respiration rates were less sensitive (lower Q10) and showed an opposite pattern, probably influenced by starvation during the incubations. The acclimation response observed in the organismal rate processes was accompanied by changes in body stoichiometry and in the antioxidant defense and cell-repair mechanisms. Predictions of direct effects of temperature on copepod performance should consider the reduction of Q10 coefficients due to the acclimation response. Copepod population dynamic models often use high Q10 values and may overestimate thermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Saiz
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Kaiene Griffell
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Manuel Olivares
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Montserrat Solé
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Iason Theodorou
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Albert Calbet
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
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22
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Divergent physiological acclimation responses to warming between two co-occurring salamander species and implications for terrestrial survival. J Therm Biol 2022; 106:103228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Sun B, Williams CM, Li T, Speakman JR, Jin Z, Lu H, Luo L, Du W. Higher metabolic plasticity in temperate compared to tropical lizards suggests increased resilience to climate change. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | | | - Teng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - John R. Speakman
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Zengguang Jin
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Laigao Luo
- Department of Biology & food engineering Chuzhou University Chuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
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24
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Baag S, Mandal S. Combined effects of ocean warming and acidification on marine fish and shellfish: A molecule to ecosystem perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149807. [PMID: 34450439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is expected that by 2050 human population will exceed nine billion leading to increased pressure on marine ecosystems. Therefore, it is conjectured various levels of ecosystem functioning starting from individual to population-level, species distribution, food webs and trophic interaction dynamics will be severely jeopardized in coming decades. Ocean warming and acidification are two prime threats to marine biota, yet studies about their cumulative effect on marine fish and shellfishes are still in its infancy. This review assesses existing information regarding the interactive effects of global environmental factors like warming and acidification in the perspective of marine capture fisheries and aquaculture industry. As climate change continues, distribution pattern of species is likely to be altered which will impact fisheries and fishing patterns. Our work is an attempt to compile the existing literatures in the biological perspective of the above-mentioned stressors and accentuate a clear outline of knowledge in this subject. We reviewed studies deciphering the biological consequences of warming and acidification on fish and shellfishes in the light of a molecule to ecosystem perspective. Here, for the first time impacts of these two global environmental drivers are discussed in a holistic manner taking into account growth, survival, behavioural response, prey predator dynamics, calcification, biomineralization, reproduction, physiology, thermal tolerance, molecular level responses as well as immune system and disease susceptibility. We suggest urgent focus on more robust, long term, comprehensive and ecologically realistic studies that will significantly contribute to the understanding of organism's response to climate change for sustainable capture fisheries and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sritama Baag
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India.
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25
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Messerman AF, Leal M. The contributions of individual traits to survival among terrestrial juvenile pond‐breeding salamanders. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianne F. Messerman
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
- Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA
| | - Manuel Leal
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
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26
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Pallarés S, Verberk WCEP, Bilton DT. Plasticity of thermal performance curves in a narrow range endemic water beetle. J Therm Biol 2021; 102:103113. [PMID: 34863476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thermal history can plastically alter the response of ectotherms to temperature, and thermal performance curves (TPCs) are powerful tools for exploring how organismal-level performance varies with temperature. Plasticity in TPCs may be favoured in thermally variable habitats, where it can result in fitness benefits. However, thermal physiology remains insufficiently studied for freshwater insects despite freshwater biodiversity being at great risk under global change. Here, we assess how acclimation at either summer or winter average temperatures changes TPCs for locomotion activity and metabolism in Enochrus jesusarribasi (Hydrophilidae), a water beetle endemic to shallow saline streams in SE Spain. This beetle is a bimodal gas exchanger and so we also assessed how aerial and aquatic gas exchange varied across temperatures for both acclimation treatments. Responses of locomotory TPCs to thermal acclimation were relatively weak, but high temperature acclimated beetles tended to exhibit higher maximum locomotor activity and reduced TPC breadth than those acclimated at lower temperature. High temperature acclimation increased the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rates, contrary to the response generally found in aquatic organisms. Higher metabolic rates upon high temperature acclimation were achieved by increasing aerial, rather than aquatic oxygen uptake. Such plastic respiratory behaviour likely contributed to enhanced locomotor performance at temperatures around the optimum and thermal plasticity could thus be an important component in the response of aquatic insects to climate change. However, high temperature acclimation appeared to be detrimental for locomotion in subsequent exposure at upper sublethal temperatures, suggesting that this narrow range endemic may be vulnerable to future climate warming. This study demonstrates that TPCs are context-specific, differing with performance metric as well as thermal history. Such context dependency must be considered when using TPCs to predict organismal responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Pallarés
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Wilco C E P Verberk
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - David T Bilton
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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27
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Hardison EA, Kraskura K, Van Wert J, Nguyen T, Eliason EJ. Diet mediates thermal performance traits: implications for marine ectotherms. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272691. [PMID: 34647599 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermal acclimation is a key process enabling ectotherms to cope with temperature change. To undergo a successful acclimation response, ectotherms require energy and nutritional building blocks obtained from their diet. However, diet is often overlooked as a factor that can alter acclimation responses. Using a temperate omnivorous fish, opaleye (Girella nigricans), as a model system, we tested the hypotheses that (1) diet can impact the magnitude of thermal acclimation responses and (2) traits vary in their sensitivity to both temperature acclimation and diet. We fed opaleye a simple omnivorous diet (ad libitum Artemia sp. and Ulva sp.) or a carnivorous diet (ad libitum Artemia sp.) at two ecologically relevant temperatures (12 and 20°C) and measured a suite of whole-animal (growth, sprint speed, metabolism), organ (cardiac thermal tolerance) and cellular-level traits (oxidative stress, glycolytic capacity). When opaleye were offered two diet options compared with one, they had reduced cardiovascular thermal performance and higher standard metabolic rate under conditions representative of the maximal seasonal temperature the population experiences (20°C). Further, sprint speed and absolute aerobic scope were insensitive to diet and temperature, while growth was highly sensitive to temperature but not diet, and standard metabolic rate and maximum heart rate were sensitive to both diet and temperature. Our results reveal that diet influences thermal performance in trait-specific ways, which could create diet trade-offs for generalist ectotherms living in thermally variable environments. Ectotherms that alter their diet may be able to regulate their performance at different environmental temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hardison
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Krista Kraskura
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jacey Van Wert
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Tina Nguyen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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28
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Vasudevan S, Rajendran S. Thermal stress induced hyperglycemia in the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:103076. [PMID: 34503813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a stress responsible mechanism induced in crustaceans through the secretion of Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone (CHH). The effect of thermal shock on the hemolymph CHH levels was studied in P. pelagicus. Crabs were exposed to varying temperatures for 3 h and were then transferred to ambient temperature (28 °C). A higher CHH level of 47.30 ± 2.26 fmol/ml was observed on exposure of crabs to 24 °C, over a recovery period of 3 h. This was reflected with increase in hemolymph glucose causing hyperglycemia and subsequent decrease in hepatopancreas glycogen levels. The results suggest the modulatory role of CHH in producing the energy required for the physiological reparation faced by the crabs during thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugumar Vasudevan
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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29
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Kochhann D, Sarmento CG, de Oliveira JC, Queiroz HL, Val AL, Chapman LJ. Take time to look at the fish: Behavioral response to acute thermal challenge in two Amazonian cichlids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 335:735-744. [PMID: 34492166 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Critical thermal maximum (CTmax ) is often used as an index of upper thermal tolerance in fishes; however, recent studies have shown that some fishes exhibit agitation or avoidance behavior well before the CTmax is reached. In this study, we quantified behavioral changes during CTmax trials in two Amazonian cichlids, Apistogramma agassizii and Mesonauta insignis. The thermal agitation temperature (Tag ) was recorded as the temperature at which fish left cover and began swimming in an agitated manner, and four behaviors (duration of sheltering, digging, activity, and aquatic surface respiration [ASR]) were compared before and after Tag . Both A. agassizii and M. insignis exhibited high critical thermal maxima, 40.8°C and 41.3°C, respectively. Agitation temperature was higher in M. insignis (37.3°C) than in A. agassizii (35.4°C), indicating that A. agassizii has a lower temperature threshold at which avoidance behavior is initiated. Activity level increased and shelter use decreased with increased temperatures, and patterns were similar between the two species. Digging behavior increased after Tag in both species, but was higher in A. agassazii and may reflect its substrate-oriented ecology. ASR (ventilating water at the surface film) was extremely rare before Tag , but increased in both cichlid species after Tag and was greater in M. insignis than in A. agassizii. This suggests that fish were experiencing physiological hypoxia at water temperatures approaching CTmax . These results demonstrate that acute thermal challenge can induce a suite of behavioral changes in fishes that may provide additional, ecologically relevant information on thermal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiani Kochhann
- Laboratory of Behavioural Ecophysiology, Center of Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Acaraú Valley State University, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carolina G Sarmento
- Laboratory of Ecology and Fish Biology, Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development-MISD, Tefé, Brazil
| | - Jomara C de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Ecology and Fish Biology, Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development-MISD, Tefé, Brazil.,Amazonas State Secretary for Education and Teaching Quality, SEDUC Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Helder L Queiroz
- Laboratory of Ecology and Fish Biology, Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development-MISD, Tefé, Brazil
| | - Adalberto L Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon-INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Lauren J Chapman
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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30
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Effects of recent thermal history on thermal behaviour, thermal tolerance and oxygen uptake of Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) juveniles. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103023. [PMID: 34420646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the physiological and metabolic responses of cultivated Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) juveniles in accordance with their recent thermal history. The fish were acclimated at 20, 23, 26, 29 and 32 °C for 21 days to determine the final preferred temperature, thermal tolerance and the effect of acclimation temperatures on their oxygen uptake and aerobic scope. The final preferred temperature of juveniles was established at 26 °C. The critical thermal maximum (CTmax) ranged from 34.2 to 36.9 °C, while the critical thermal minimum (CTmin) ranged from 10.9 to 17.3 °C, depending on acclimation temperature. With the CTmax and CTmin values, the thermal window was determined to have an area of 258°C2, which is characteristic of subtropical organisms. Although, the metabolic rate was relatively constant (ranging 390.6-449.8 mg O2 kg-0.8 h-1) between 20 and 26 °C (Q10 = 1.6, 1.0), an increase to 544.8 mg O2 kg-0.8 h-1 at 29 °C (Q10 = 1.9) and decrease of 478.4 mg O2 kg-0.8 h-1 at 32 °C (Q10 = 0.6) were observed. The maximum value obtained for aerobic scope was 310.9 mg O2 kg-0.8 h-1 at 26 °C. These results suggest that the acclimation temperature of 26 °C is an optimum thermal condition for a physiological and metabolic performance of yellowtail kingfish juveniles. On the contrary, the response observed during the evaluation of critical temperatures, oxygen uptake and aerobic scope indicated that yellowtail kingfish in the juvenile state could be vulnerable when it experiences for long periods (e.g., >21 days) temperatures above 29 °C. According to our results, the thermoregulatory behaviour of yellowtail kingfish in the juvenile stages could be one of the most important mechanisms to maintain its optimal physiological performance by actively selecting a stable thermal environment close to 26 °C. In addition, it was determined the limits of the pejus state of juvenile yellowtail kingfish at 29 °C, where an increase of oxygen uptake to maintain the aerobic energy metabolism was observed, this could certainly affect the growth of juveniles in culture systems if they do not return in a thermal range of 23-26 °C. These results can contribute to infer the different effects of acclimation temperature on the growth, thermal tolerance and respiratory capacity of S. lalandi juveniles on aquaculture systems.
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31
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Vicenzi N, Bacigalupe LD, Laspiur A, Ibargüengoytía N, Sassi PL. Could plasticity mediate highlands lizards' resilience to climate change? A case study of the leopard iguana (Diplolaemus leopardinus) in Central Andes of Argentina. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:269253. [PMID: 34160050 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The predicted rise of global temperatures is of major concern for ectotherms because of its direct impact on their behavior and physiology. As physiological performance mediates a species' resilience to warming exposure, physiological plasticity could greatly reduce the susceptibility to climate change. We studied the degree to which Diplolaemus leopardinus lizards are able to adjust behavioral and physiological traits in response to short periods of temperature change. We used a split cross design to measure the acclimation response of preferred body temperature (Tp), and the thermal performance curve of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and evaporative water loss (EWL). Our results showed that plasticity differs among traits: whereas Tp and EWL showed lower values in warm conditions, the body temperature at which RMR was highest increased. Moreover, RMR was affected by thermal history, showing a large increase in response to cold exposure in the group initially acclimated to warm temperatures. The reduction of EWL and the increase in optimal temperature will give lizards the potential to partially mitigate the impact of rising temperatures in the energy cost and water balance. However, the decrease in Tp and the sensitivity to the warm thermal history of RMR could be detrimental to the energy net gain, increasing the species' vulnerability, especially considering the increase of heat waves predicted for the next 50 years. The integration of acclimation responses in behavioral and physiological traits provides a better understanding of the range of possible responses of lizards to cope with the upcoming climatic and environmental modifications expected as a result of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Vicenzi
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas (IADIZA-CONICET), Avenida Ruiz Leal s/n, Mendoza 5500, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Contreras 1300, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Leonardo D Bacigalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Alejandro Laspiur
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - Nora Ibargüengoytía
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - Paola L Sassi
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas (IADIZA-CONICET), Avenida Ruiz Leal s/n, Mendoza 5500, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Contreras 1300, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
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32
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Sun B, Ma L, Wang Y, Mi C, Buckley LB, Levy O, Lu H, Du W. Latitudinal embryonic thermal tolerance and plasticity shape the vulnerability of oviparous species to climate change. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao‐jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Biological Sciences Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Chun‐rong Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Lauren B. Buckley
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Ofir Levy
- School of Zoology Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Hong‐liang Lu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution School of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310036 China
| | - Wei‐Guo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China
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33
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Villeneuve AR, Komoroske LM, Cheng BS. Diminished warming tolerance and plasticity in low-latitude populations of a marine gastropod. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab039. [PMID: 34136259 PMCID: PMC8201192 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Models of species response to climate change often assume that physiological traits are invariant across populations. Neglecting potential intraspecific variation may overlook the possibility that some populations are more resilient or susceptible than others, creating inaccurate predictions of climate impacts. In addition, phenotypic plasticity can contribute to trait variation and may mediate sensitivity to climate. Quantifying such forms of intraspecific variation can improve our understanding of how climate can affect ecologically important species, such as invasive predators. Here, we quantified thermal performance (tolerance, acclimation capacity, developmental traits) across seven populations of the predatory marine snail (Urosalpinx cinerea) from native Atlantic and non-native Pacific coast populations in the USA. Using common garden experiments, we assessed the effects of source population and developmental acclimation on thermal tolerance and developmental traits of F1 snails. We then estimated climate sensitivity by calculating warming tolerance (thermal tolerance - habitat temperature), using field environmental data. We report that low-latitude populations had greater thermal tolerance than their high latitude counterparts. However, these same low-latitude populations exhibited decreased thermal tolerance when exposed to environmentally realistic higher acclimation temperatures. Low-latitude native populations had the greatest climate sensitivity (habitat temperatures near thermal limits). In contrast, invasive Pacific snails had the lowest climate sensitivity, suggesting that these populations are likely to persist and drive negative impacts on native biodiversity. Developmental rate significantly increased in embryos sourced from populations with greater habitat temperature but had variable effects on clutch size and hatching success. Thus, warming can produce widely divergent responses within the same species, resulting in enhanced impacts in the non-native range and extirpation in the native range. Broadly, our results highlight how intraspecific variation can alter management decisions, as this may clarify whether management efforts should be focused on many or only a few populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Villeneuve
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Gloucester Marine Station, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA
| | - Lisa M Komoroske
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Gloucester Marine Station, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA
| | - Brian S Cheng
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Gloucester Marine Station, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA
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34
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Leung JYS, Russell BD, Coleman MA, Kelaher BP, Connell SD. Long-term thermal acclimation drives adaptive physiological adjustments of a marine gastropod to reduce sensitivity to climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145208. [PMID: 33548706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming is predicted to challenge the persistence of a variety of marine organisms, especially when combined with ocean acidification. While temperature affects virtually all physiological processes, the extent to which thermal history mediates the adaptive capacity of marine organisms to climate change has been largely overlooked. Using populations of a marine gastropod (Turbo undulatus) with different thermal histories (cool vs. warm), we compared their physiological adjustments following exposure (8-week) to ocean acidification and warming. Compared to cool-acclimated counterparts, we found that warm-acclimated individuals had a higher thermal threshold (i.e. increased CTmax by 2 °C), which was unaffected by the exposure to ocean acidification and warming. Thermal history also strongly mediated physiological effects, where warm-acclimated individuals adjusted to warming by conserving energy, suggested by lower respiration and ingestion rates, energy budget (i.e. scope for growth) and O:N ratio. After exposure to warming, warm-acclimated individuals had higher metabolic rates and greater energy budget due to boosted ingestion rates, but such compensatory feeding disappeared when combined with ocean acidification. Overall, we suggest that thermal history can be a critical mediator of physiological performance under future climatic conditions. Given the relatively gradual rate of global warming, marine organisms may be better able to adaptively adjust their physiology to future climate than what short-term experiments currently convey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y S Leung
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bayden D Russell
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre and Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Sean D Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Vorsatz LD, Pattrick P, Porri F. Fine-scale conditions across mangrove microhabitats and larval ontogeny contributes to the thermal physiology of early stage brachyurans (Crustacea: Decapoda). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab010. [PMID: 33927883 PMCID: PMC8059134 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most marine ectotherms require the successful completion of a biphasic larval stage to recruit into adult populations. Recruitment of larvae into benthic habitats largely depends on biological interactions and favourable environmental conditions such as the inescapable diurnal thermal and tidal exposures. Hence, assessing how different taxa metabolically respond to variations in temperature is imperative to understand the community and ecosystem dynamics at both local and global scales. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of acute temperature variation on the physiology of stage-specific brachyuran larvae collected from different microhabitats at two mangrove forests in South Africa. Results indicate that the conditions within microhabitats, which larvae experience, likely influence their physiology, based on respirometry, to short-term acute temperature exposures. Furthermore, the larval thermal optimum shifted ontogenetically to become increasingly eurythermic as individuals developed from stage I zoea through to megalopa. Mangrove crab larvae in their early stages are hence increasingly vulnerable to acute temperature exposures, which could be particularly harmful to the persistence of populations if thermally stressful events increase in magnitude and frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Vorsatz
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda 6139, South Africa
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and the Division of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - P Pattrick
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda 6139, South Africa
- South African Environmental Observation Network, Elwandle Coastal Node, Port Elizabeth 6070, South Africa
| | - F Porri
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda 6139, South Africa
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36
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Clutton EA, Alurralde G, Repolho T. Early developmental stages of native populations of Ciona intestinalis under increased temperature are affected by local habitat history. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb233403. [PMID: 33472872 PMCID: PMC7938807 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.233403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Temperature modulates marine ectotherm physiology, influencing survival, abundance and species distribution. While native species could be susceptible to ocean warming, thermal tolerance might favour the spread of non-native species. Determining the success of invasive species in response to climate change is confounded by the cumulative, synergistic or antagonistic effects of environmental drivers, which vary at a geographical and temporal scale. Thus, an organism's acclimation or adaptive potential could play an important evolutionary role by enabling or conditioning species tolerance to stressful environmental conditions. We investigated developmental performance of early life stages of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis (derived from populations of anthropogenically impacted and control sites) to an extreme weather event (i.e. marine heatwave). Fertilization rate, embryo and larval development, settlement, metamorphosis success and juvenile heart rate were assessed as experimental endpoints. With the exception of fertilization and heart rates, temperature influenced all analysed endpoints. C. intestinalis derived from control sites were the most negatively affected by increased temperature conditions. By contrast, C. intestinalis from anthropogenically impacted sites showed a positive response to thermal stress, with a higher proportion of larvae development, settlement and metamorphosis success being observed under increased temperature conditions. No differences were observed for heart rates between sampled populations and experimental temperature conditions. Moreover, interaction between temperature and populations was statistically significant for embryo and larvae development, and metamorphosis. We hypothesize that selection resulting from anthropogenic forcing could shape stress resilience of species in their native range and subsequently confer advantageous traits underlying their invasive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Clutton
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Eastney, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Gaston Alurralde
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Ecología Marina, Av. Velez Sarsfield 299 (X5000JJC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologıa Animal (IDEA), Av. Velez Sarsfield 299 (X5000JJC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Tiago Repolho
- MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente (MARE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Keshavmurthy S, Beals M, Hsieh HJ, Choi KS, Chen CA. Physiological plasticity of corals to temperature stress in marginal coral communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143628. [PMID: 33248756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation and/or acclimatization through various mechanisms have been suggested to help some tropical coral species to overcome temperature-induced bleaching that is intensifying with climate change; however, while much research has been done on the physiological responses of tropical and subtropical corals to stress, little is known about these responses in corals in marginal environments-e.g., high-latitude and non-reefal communities. In this study, we examined the thermal-tolerant physiology of the flowerpot coral, Alveopora japonica, endemic to the high-latitude Jeju Island (33.39°N), South Korea and Oulastrea crispata and Coelastrea aspera from the subtropical non-reefal coral community on the Penghu Islands (23.34°N), Taiwan. Analysis of physiological parameters; photochemical efficiency, Chlorophyll pigment, Symbiodiniaceae cell number and host soluble proteins - showed that A. japonica can survive through a wide range of temperature stresses (10-32 °C) over a period of 8 days without showing signs of bleaching. In addition, corals O. crispata and C. aspera withstood temperature stresses of up to 33 °C and repeated temperature fluctuations without bleaching. Our results indicate that, under large seasonal variations and asymmetrical daily fluctuations in temperature, corals currently living in marginal environments could have thermal plasticity, allowing them to survive in the future climate change scenarios. This study reiterates the importance of studying the eco-physiology of corals that are generally ignored because of their neutral or positive responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgan Beals
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hernyi Justin Hsieh
- Penghu Marine Biology Research Center, Fishery Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Magong, Penghu 880, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK 21 PLUS), Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaolun Allen Chen
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program-Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, Tunghai University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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38
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Diamond SE, Martin RA. Physiological adaptation to cities as a proxy to forecast global-scale responses to climate change. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb229336. [PMID: 33627462 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.229336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cities are emerging as a new venue to overcome the challenges of obtaining data on compensatory responses to climatic warming through phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary change. In this Review, we highlight how cities can be used to explore physiological trait responses to experimental warming, and also how cities can be used as human-made space-for-time substitutions. We assessed the current literature and found evidence for significant plasticity and evolution in thermal tolerance trait responses to urban heat islands. For those studies that reported both plastic and evolved components of thermal tolerance, we found evidence that both mechanisms contributed to phenotypic shifts in thermal tolerance, rather than plastic responses precluding or limiting evolved responses. Interestingly though, for a broader range of studies, we found that the magnitude of evolved shifts in thermal tolerance was not significantly different from the magnitude of shift in those studies that only reported phenotypic results, which could be a product of evolution, plasticity, or both. Regardless, the magnitude of shifts in urban thermal tolerance phenotypes was comparable to more traditional space-for-time substitutions across latitudinal and altitudinal clines in environmental temperature. We conclude by considering how urban-derived estimates of plasticity and evolution of thermal tolerance traits can be used to improve forecasting methods, including macrophysiological models and species distribution modelling approaches. Finally, we consider areas for further exploration including sub-lethal performance traits and thermal performance curves, assessing the adaptive nature of trait shifts, and taking full advantage of the environmental thermal variation that cities generate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Diamond
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ryan A Martin
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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39
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Ern R, Chung D, Frieder CA, Madsen N, Speers-Roesch B. Oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits in crustaceans from different thermal habitats. J Therm Biol 2020; 93:102732. [PMID: 33077143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) is the temperature at which animals exhibit loss of motor response because of a temperature-induced collapse of vital physiological systems. A central mechanism hypothesised to underlie the CTMAX of water-breathing ectotherms is insufficient tissue oxygen supply for vital maintenance functions because of a temperature-induced collapse of the cardiorespiratory system. The CTMAX of species conforming to this hypothesis should decrease with declining water oxygen tension (PO2) because they have oxygen-dependent upper thermal limits. However, recent studies have identified a number of fishes and crustaceans with oxygen-independent upper thermal limits, their CTMAX unchanged in progressive aquatic hypoxia. The previous studies, which were performed separately on cold-water, temperate and tropical species, suggest the oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits and the acute thermal sensitivity of the cardiorespiratory system increases with decreasing habitat temperature. Here we directly test this hypothesis by assessing the oxygen-dependence of CTMAX in the polar Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), as well as the temperate Baltic prawn (Palaemon adspersus) and brown shrimp (Crangon crangon). We found that P. adspersus and C. crangon maintain CTMAX in progressive hypoxia down to 40 mmHg, and that only E. superba have oxygen-dependent upper thermal limits at normoxia. In E. superba, the observed decline in CTMAX with water PO2 is further supported by heart-rate measurements showing a plateauing, and subsequent decline and collapse of heart performance at CTMAX. Our results support the hypothesis that the oxygen-dependence of upper thermal limits in water-breathing ectotherms and the acute thermal sensitivity of their cardiorespiratory system increases with decreasing habitat temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Ern
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Denmark.
| | - Dillon Chung
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Christina A Frieder
- University of Southern California, Department of Biological Sciences, United States
| | - Niels Madsen
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Denmark
| | - Ben Speers-Roesch
- University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Department of Biological Sciences, Canada
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40
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Pallarés S, Colado R, Botella‐Cruz M, Montes A, Balart‐García P, Bilton DT, Millán A, Ribera I, Sánchez‐Fernández D. Loss of heat acclimation capacity could leave subterranean specialists highly sensitive to climate change. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Pallarés
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha Toledo Spain
| | - R. Colado
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha Toledo Spain
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - M. Botella‐Cruz
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - A. Montes
- Basque Society for Biology Conservation Guipúzcoa Spain
- Cuevas de Oñati‐Arrikrutz Guipúzcoa Spain
| | - P. Balart‐García
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
| | - D. T. Bilton
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
- Department of Zoology University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | - A. Millán
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - I. Ribera
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
| | - D. Sánchez‐Fernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha Toledo Spain
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
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41
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Archer LC, Hutton SA, Harman L, Poole WR, Gargan P, McGinnity P, Reed TE. Metabolic traits in brown trout ( Salmo trutta) vary in response to food restriction and intrinsic factors. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa096. [PMID: 33093959 PMCID: PMC7566963 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rates vary hugely within and between populations, yet we know relatively little about factors causing intraspecific variation. Since metabolic rate determines the energetic cost of life, uncovering these sources of variation is important to understand and forecast responses to environmental change. Moreover, few studies have examined factors causing intraspecific variation in metabolic flexibility. We explore how extrinsic environmental conditions and intrinsic factors contribute to variation in metabolic traits in brown trout, an iconic and polymorphic species that is threatened across much of its native range. We measured metabolic traits in offspring from two wild populations that naturally show life-history variation in migratory tactics (one anadromous, i.e. sea-migratory, one non-anadromous) that we reared under either optimal food or experimental conditions of long-term food restriction (lasting between 7 and 17 months). Both populations showed decreased standard metabolic rates (SMR-baseline energy requirements) under low food conditions. The anadromous population had higher maximum metabolic rate (MMR) than the non-anadromous population, and marginally higher SMR. The MMR difference was greater than SMR and consequently aerobic scope (AS) was higher in the anadromous population. MMR and AS were both higher in males than females. The anadromous population also had higher AS under low food compared to optimal food conditions, consistent with population-specific effects of food restriction on AS. Our results suggest different components of metabolic rate can vary in their response to environmental conditions, and according to intrinsic (population-background/sex) effects. Populations might further differ in their flexibility of metabolic traits, potentially due to intrinsic factors related to life history (e.g. migratory tactics). More comparisons of populations/individuals with divergent life histories will help to reveal this. Overall, our study suggests that incorporating an understanding of metabolic trait variation and flexibility and linking this to life history and demography will improve our ability to conserve populations experiencing global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Archer
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - Stephen A Hutton
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - Luke Harman
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - W Russell Poole
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co. Mayo F28 PF65, Ireland
| | - Patrick Gargan
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, 3044 Lake Drive, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin D24 Y265, Ireland
| | - Philip McGinnity
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co. Mayo F28 PF65, Ireland
| | - Thomas E Reed
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
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42
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van Heerwaarden B, Kellermann V. Does Plasticity Trade Off With Basal Heat Tolerance? Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:874-885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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43
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Rodgers EM, Franklin CE. Aerobic scope and climate warming: Testing the “
plastic floors and concrete ceilings
” hypothesis in the estuarine crocodile (
Crocodylus porosus
). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 335:108-117. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Essie M. Rodgers
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Craig E. Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Sandoval-Castillo J, Gates K, Brauer CJ, Smith S, Bernatchez L, Beheregaray LB. Adaptation of plasticity to projected maximum temperatures and across climatically defined bioregions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17112-17121. [PMID: 32647058 PMCID: PMC7382230 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience to environmental stressors due to climate warming is influenced by local adaptations, including plastic responses. The recent literature has focused on genomic signatures of climatic adaptation, but little is known about how plastic capacity may be influenced by biogeographic and evolutionary processes. We investigate phenotypic plasticity as a target of climatic selection, hypothesizing that lineages that evolved in warmer climates will exhibit greater plastic adaptive resilience to upper thermal stress. This was experimentally tested by comparing transcriptomic responses within and among temperate, subtropical, and desert ecotypes of Australian rainbowfish subjected to contemporary and projected summer temperatures. Critical thermal maxima were estimated, and ecological niches delineated using bioclimatic modeling. A comparative phylogenetic expression variance and evolution model was used to assess plastic and evolved changes in gene expression. Although 82% of all expressed genes were found in the three ecotypes, they shared expression patterns in only 5 out of 236 genes that responded to the climate change experiment. A total of 532 genes showed signals of adaptive (i.e., genetic-based) plasticity due to ecotype-specific directional selection, and 23 of those responded to projected summer temperatures. Network analyses demonstrated centrality of these genes in thermal response pathways. The greatest adaptive resilience to upper thermal stress was shown by the subtropical ecotype, followed by the desert and temperate ecotypes. Our findings indicate that vulnerability to climate change will be highly influenced by biogeographic factors, emphasizing the value of integrative assessments of climatic adaptive traits for accurate estimation of population and ecosystem responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie Gates
- Molecular Ecology Lab, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Chris J Brauer
- Molecular Ecology Lab, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Steve Smith
- Molecular Ecology Lab, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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45
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Wang Y, Stoks R, Sentis A, Tüzün N. Support for the climatic variability hypothesis depends on the type of thermal plasticity: lessons from predation rates. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Jie Wang
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Univ. of Leuven Debériotstraat 32 BE‐3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Univ. of Leuven Debériotstraat 32 BE‐3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- INRAE, Univ. of Aix Marseille, UMR RECOVER Aix‐en‐Provence France
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Univ. of Leuven Debériotstraat 32 BE‐3000 Leuven Belgium
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46
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Norin T, Metcalfe NB. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of metabolic rate plasticity in response to environmental change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180180. [PMID: 30966964 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal or standard metabolic rate reflects the minimum amount of energy required to maintain body processes, while the maximum metabolic rate sets the ceiling for aerobic work. There is typically up to three-fold intraspecific variation in both minimal and maximal rates of metabolism, even after controlling for size, sex and age; these differences are consistent over time within a given context, but both minimal and maximal metabolic rates are plastic and can vary in response to changing environments. Here we explore the causes of intraspecific and phenotypic variation at the organ, tissue and mitochondrial levels. We highlight the growing evidence that individuals differ predictably in the flexibility of their metabolic rates and in the extent to which they can suppress minimal metabolism when food is limiting but increase the capacity for aerobic metabolism when a high work rate is beneficial. It is unclear why this intraspecific variation in metabolic flexibility persists-possibly because of trade-offs with the flexibility of other traits-but it has consequences for the ability of populations to respond to a changing world. It is clear that metabolic rates are targets of selection, but more research is needed on the fitness consequences of rates of metabolism and their plasticity at different life stages, especially in natural conditions. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Norin
- 1 Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, MVLS, University of Glasgow , Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK.,2 DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources , Kemitorvet Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- 1 Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, MVLS, University of Glasgow , Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK
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47
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Madeira D, Araújo JE, Madeira C, Mendonça V, Vitorino R, Vinagre C, Diniz MS. Seasonal proteome variation in intertidal shrimps under a natural setting: Connecting molecular networks with environmental fluctuations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134957. [PMID: 31767328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability of intertidal organisms to maintain their performance via molecular and physiological adjustments under low tide, seasonal fluctuations and extreme events ultimately determines population viability. Analyzing this capacity in the wild is extremely relevant since intertidal communities are under increased climate variability owing to global changes. We addressed the seasonal proteome signatures of a key intertidal species, the shrimp Palaemon elegans, in a natural setting. Shrimps were collected during spring and summer seasons at low tides and were euthanized in situ. Environmental variability was also assessed using hand-held devices and data loggers. Muscle samples were taken for 2D gel electrophoresis and protein identification through mass spectrometry. Proteome data revealed that 55 proteins (10.6% of the proteome) significantly changed between spring and summer collected shrimps, 24 of which were identified. These proteins were mostly involved in cytoskeleton remodelling, energy metabolism and transcription regulation. Overall, shrimps modulate gene expression leading to metabolic and structural adjustments related to seasonal differences in the wild (i.e. abiotic variation and possibly intrinsic cycles of reproduction and growth). This potentially promotes performance and fitness as suggested by the higher condition index in summer-collected shrimps. However, inter-individual variation (% coefficient of variation) in protein levels was quite low (min-max ranges were 0.6-8.3% in spring and 1.2-4.8% in summer), possibly suggesting reduced genetic diversity or physiological canalization. Protein plasticity is relevant to cope with present and upcoming environmental variation related to anthropogenic forcing (e.g. global change, pollution) but low inter-individual variation may limit evolutionary potential of shrimp populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Madeira
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), ECOMARE & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal.
| | - J E Araújo
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - C Madeira
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Mendonça
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Vitorino
- Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Cardiovascular Research Centre (UnIC), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Vinagre
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M S Diniz
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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González-Tokman D, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Dáttilo W, Lira-Noriega A, Sánchez-Guillén RA, Villalobos F. Insect responses to heat: physiological mechanisms, evolution and ecological implications in a warming world. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:802-821. [PMID: 32035015 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surviving changing climate conditions is particularly difficult for organisms such as insects that depend on environmental temperature to regulate their physiological functions. Insects are extremely threatened by global warming, since many do not have enough physiological tolerance even to survive continuous exposure to the current maximum temperatures experienced in their habitats. Here, we review literature on the physiological mechanisms that regulate responses to heat and provide heat tolerance in insects: (i) neuronal mechanisms to detect and respond to heat; (ii) metabolic responses to heat; (iii) thermoregulation; (iv) stress responses to tolerate heat; and (v) hormones that coordinate developmental and behavioural responses at warm temperatures. Our review shows that, apart from the stress response mediated by heat shock proteins, the physiological mechanisms of heat tolerance in insects remain poorly studied. Based on life-history theory, we discuss the costs of heat tolerance and the potential evolutionary mechanisms driving insect adaptations to high temperatures. Some insects may deal with ongoing global warming by the joint action of phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation. Plastic responses are limited and may not be by themselves enough to withstand ongoing warming trends. Although the evidence is still scarce and deserves further research in different insect taxa, genetic adaptation to high temperatures may result from rapid evolution. Finally, we emphasize the importance of incorporating physiological information for modelling species distributions and ecological interactions under global warming scenarios. This review identifies several open questions to improve our understanding of how insects respond physiologically to heat and the evolutionary and ecological consequences of those responses. Further lines of research are suggested at the species, order and class levels, with experimental and analytical approaches such as artificial selection, quantitative genetics and comparative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Tokman
- CONACYT, CDMX, 03940, Mexico.,Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- CONACYT, CDMX, 03940, Mexico.,Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | | | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
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49
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Thermal sensitivity links to cellular cardiac decline in three spiny lobsters. Sci Rep 2020; 10:202. [PMID: 31937868 PMCID: PMC6959275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of thermal sensitivity is key to predict responses of marine organisms to changing temperatures. Sustaining heart function is critical for complex organisms to oxygenate tissues, particularly under temperature stress. Yet, specific mechanisms that define thermal sensitivity of cardiac function remain unclear. Here we investigated whole animal metabolism, cardiac performance and mitochondrial function in response to elevated temperatures for temperate, subtropical and tropical spiny lobster species. While oxygen demands increased with rising temperatures, heart function became limited or declined in all three species of lobsters. The decline in cardiac performance coincided with decreases in mitochondrial efficiency through increasing mitochondrial proton leakage, which predicts impaired compensation of ATP production. Species differences were marked by shifts in mitochondrial function, with the least thermal scope apparent for tropical lobsters. We conclude that acute temperature stress of spiny lobsters, irrespective of their climatic origin, is marked by declining cellular energetic function of the heart, contributing to an increasing loss of whole animal performance. Better understanding of physiological thermal stress cascades will help to improve forecasts of how changing environmental temperatures affect the fitness of these ecologically and commercially important species.
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50
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Sasaki MC, Dam HG. Integrating patterns of thermal tolerance and phenotypic plasticity with population genetics to improve understanding of vulnerability to warming in a widespread copepod. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:4147-4164. [PMID: 31449341 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Differences in population vulnerability to warming are defined by spatial patterns in thermal adaptation. These patterns may be driven by natural selection over spatial environmental gradients, but can also be shaped by gene flow, especially in marine taxa with high dispersal potential. Understanding and predicting organismal responses to warming requires disentangling the opposing effects of selection and gene flow. We begin by documenting genetic divergence of thermal tolerance and developmental phenotypic plasticity. Ten populations of the widespread copepod Acartia tonsa were collected from sites across a large thermal gradient, ranging from the Florida Keys to Northern New Brunswick, Canada (spanning over 20° latitude). Thermal performance curves (TPCs) from common garden experiments revealed local adaptation at the sampling range extremes, with thermal tolerance increasing at low latitudes and decreasing at high latitudes. The opposite pattern was observed in phenotypic plasticity, which was strongest at high latitudes. No relationship was observed between phenotypic plasticity and environmental variables. Instead, the results are consistent with the hypothesis of a trade-off between thermal tolerance and the strength of phenotypic plasticity. Over a large portion of the sampled range, however, we observed a remarkable lack of differentiation of TPCs. To examine whether this lack of divergence is the result of selection for a generalist performance curve or constraint by gene flow, we analyzed cytochrome oxidase I mtDNA sequences, which revealed four distinct genetic clades, abundant genetic diversity, and widely distributed haplotypes. Strong divergence in thermal performance within genetic clades, however, suggests that the pace of thermal adaptation can be relatively rapid. The combined insight from the laboratory physiological experiments and genetic data indicate that gene flow constrains differentiation of TPCs. This balance between gene flow and selection has implications for patterns of vulnerability to warming. Taking both genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity into account, our results suggest that local adaptation does not increase vulnerability to warming, and that low-latitude populations in general may be more vulnerable to predicted temperature change over the next century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Sasaki
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Hans G Dam
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
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