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Shehzadi N, Mahmood A, Kaleem M, Chishti MS, Bashir H, Hashem A, Abd-Allah EF, Shahid H, Ishtiaq A. Zinc and nitrogen mediate the regulation of growth, leading to the upregulation of antioxidant aptitude, physio-biochemical traits, and yield in wheat plants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12897. [PMID: 38839939 PMCID: PMC11153612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
An ample amount of water and soil nutrients is required for economic wheat production to meet the current food demands. Nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) fertigation in soils can produce a substantial wheat yield for a rapidly increasing population and bring a limelight to researchers. The present study was designed to ascertain N and Zn's synergistic role in wheat growth, yield, and physio-biochemical traits. A pot experiment was laid out under a complete randomized design with four N levels (N1-0, N2-60, N3- 120, and N4-180 kg ha-1), Zn (T1-0, T2-5, T3-10, and T4-15 kg ha-1) with four replications. After the emergence of the plants, N and Zn fertigation was applied in the soil. The growth traits were considerably increased by combined applications as compared to the sole applications of the N and Zn. The photosynthetic pigments were found maximum due to combined applications of N and Zn, which were positively associated with biomass, growth, yield, and wheat grain quality. The combined application also substantially enhances the antioxidant enzyme activities to scavenge the ROS as H2O2 and reduce lipid peroxidation to protect the permeability of the biologic membranes. The combined higher applications of N and Zn were more responsive to ionic balance in a shoot by maintaining the Na+ for osmotic adjustments, accumulating more Ca2+ for cellular signaling; but, combined applications resulted in K+ reduction. Our present results suggest that appropriate sole or combined applications of N and Zn improve wheat's growth, yield, and antioxidant mechanisms. Previous studies lack sufficient information on N and Zn combined fertigation. We intend to investigate both the sole and combined roles of N and Zn to exploit their potential synergistic effects on wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimra Shehzadi
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | | | - Humaira Bashir
- Government Graduate College for Women Wahdat Colony, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hina Shahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Atiqa Ishtiaq
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ali I, Qaiser H, Abdullah R, Kaleem A, Iqtedar M, Iqbal I, Chen X. Prospective Roles of Extremophilic Fungi in Climate Change Mitigation Strategies. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:385. [PMID: 38921371 PMCID: PMC11204837 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change and the resultant environmental deterioration signify one of the most challenging problems facing humankind in the 21st century. The origins of climate change are multifaceted and rooted in anthropogenic activities, resulting in increasing greenhouse gases in the environment and leading to global warming and weather drifts. Extremophilic fungi, characterized by their exceptional properties to survive extreme habitats, harbor great potential in mitigating climate change effects. This review provides insight into the potential applications of extremophilic fungi in climate change mitigation strategies. They are able to metabolize organic biomass and degrade carbon compounds, thereby safely sequestering carbon and extenuating its release into the environment as noxious greenhouse gases. Furthermore, they possess extremozymes, which break down recalcitrant organic species, including lignocellulosic biomass and hydrocarbons. Enzymatic machinery equips these extremophilic fungi to perform the bioremediation of polluted environments. Extremophilic fungi can also be exploited for various biological interventions, such as biofuels, bioplastics, and other bioprocessing applications. However, these fungi characterize a valued but underexplored resource in the arsenal of climate change mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Hina Qaiser
- Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Roheena Abdullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.K.); (M.I.); (I.I.)
| | - Afshan Kaleem
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.K.); (M.I.); (I.I.)
| | - Mehwish Iqtedar
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.K.); (M.I.); (I.I.)
| | - Irfana Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.K.); (M.I.); (I.I.)
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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Iqbal A, Bocian J, Przyborowski M, Orczyk W, Nadolska-Orczyk A. Are TaNAC Transcription Factors Involved in Promoting Wheat Yield by cis-Regulation of TaCKX Gene Family? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2027. [PMID: 38396706 PMCID: PMC10889182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
NAC transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest TF families in plants, and TaNACs have been known to participate in the regulation of the transcription of many yield-regulating genes in bread wheat. The TaCKX gene family members (GFMs) have already been shown to regulate yield-related traits, including grain mass and number, leaf senescence, and root growth. The genes encode cytokinin (CK) degrading enzymes (CKXs) and are specifically expressed in different parts of developing wheat plants. The aim of the study was to identify and characterize TaNACs involved in the cis-regulation of TaCKX GFMs. After analysis of the initial transcription factor data in 1.5 Kb cis-regulatory sequences of a total of 35 homologues of TaCKX GFMs, we selected five of them, namely TaCKX1-3A, TaCKX22.1-3B, TaCKX5-3D, TaCKX9-1B, and TaCKX10, and identified five TaNAC genes: TaNACJ-1, TaNAC13a, TaNAC94, TaNACBr-1, and TaNAC6D, which are potentially involved in the cis-regulation of selected TaCKX genes, respectively. Protein feature analysis revealed that all of the selected TaNACs have a conserved NAC domain and showed a stable tertiary structure model. The expression profile of the selected TaNACs was studied in 5 day-old seedling roots, 5-6 cm inflorescences, 0, 4, 7, and 14 days-after-pollination (DAP) spikes, and the accompanying flag leaves. The expression pattern showed that all of the selected TaNACs were preferentially expressed in seedling roots, 7 and 14 DAP spikes, and flag leaves compared to 5-6 cm inflorescence and 0 and 4 DAP spikes and flag leaves in Kontesa and Ostka spring wheat cultivars (cvs.). In conclusion, the results of this study highlight the potential role of the selected TaNACs in the regulation of grain productivity, leaf senescence, root growth, and response to various stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Iqbal
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
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Peng Q, Shen R, Li X, Ye T, Dong J, Fu Y, Yuan W. A twenty-year dataset of high-resolution maize distribution in China. Sci Data 2023; 10:658. [PMID: 37752131 PMCID: PMC10522722 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
China is the world's second-largest maize producer, contributing 23% to global production and playing a crucial role in stabilizing the global maize supply. Therefore, accurately mapping the maize distribution in China is of great significance for regional and global food security and international cereals trade. However, it still lacks a long-term maize distribution dataset with fine spatial resolution, because the existing high spatial resolution satellite datasets suffer from data gaps caused by cloud cover, especially in humid and cloudy regions. This study aimed to produce a long-term, high-resolution maize distribution map for China (China Crop Dataset-Maize, CCD-Maize) identifying maize in 22 provinces and municipalities from 2001 to 2020. The map was produced using a high spatiotemporal resolution fused dataset and a phenology-based method called Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping. A validation based on 54,281 field survey samples with a 30-m resolution showed that the average user's accuracy and producer's accuracy of CCD-Maize were 77.32% and 80.98%, respectively, and the overall accuracy was 80.06% over all 22 provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyan Peng
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruoque Shen
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Geomatics & Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangyang Fu
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenping Yuan
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, Guangdong, China.
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Chen C, Ota N, Wang B, Fu G, Fletcher A. Adaptation to climate change through strategic integration of long fallow into cropping system in a dryland Mediterranean-type environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163230. [PMID: 37023813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The crop-growing region of Western Australia characterized by a Mediterranean-type climate is projected to become warmer and drier. Appropriate selection of crop sequences will be of importance to cope with these climatic changes for this largest grain-producing region of Australia. Through linking a widely used crop model (APSIM), 26 General Circulation Models (GCMs) with one Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP585) and economic analysis, we explored how the climate change would affect dryland wheat cropping and whether/how long fallow (the practice of leaving a field out of production for an entire growing season) could be integrated into wheat cropping system in Western Australia. The potential adaptation of long fallow into wheat system was assessed with four fixed rotations (fallow-wheat, fallow-wheat-wheat, fallow-wheat-wheat-wheat, and fallow-wheat-wheat-wheat-wheat) and four flexible sowing rule-based rotations (the land was fallowed if sowing rule was not met), compared with continuous wheat. The simulation results at four representing locations show that climate change would have negative impacts on both yield and economic return of continuous wheat cropping in Western Australia. Wheat after fallow out-yielded and out-profited wheat after wheat under future climate. But integrating fallow into wheat cropping systems with the above fixed rotations would lead to yield and economic loss. By contrast, cropping systems in which fallowing took place when sowing condition could not be met at a certain time would achieve comparable yield and economic return to continuous wheat, with wheat yield being only 5 % less than continuous wheat and the gross margin being $12 ha-1 more than continuous wheat averaged across locations. We highlight strategic integration of long fallow into cropping system in a dryland Mediterranean-type environment would have a great potential to cope with future climate change. These findings can be extended into other Mediterranean-type cropping regions in Australia and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
| | - Noboru Ota
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| | - Bin Wang
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Guobin Fu
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| | - Andrew Fletcher
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
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Jahan E, Sharwood RE, Tissue DT. Effects of leaf age during drought and recovery on photosynthesis, mesophyll conductance and leaf anatomy in wheat leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1091418. [PMID: 37409304 PMCID: PMC10318540 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1091418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
statement: Mesophyll conductance (g m) was negatively correlated with wheat leaf age but was positively correlated with the surface area of chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces (S c). The rate of decline in photosynthetic rate and g m as leaves aged was slower for water-stressed than well-watered plants. Upon rewatering, the degree of recovery from water-stress depended on the age of the leaves, with the strongest recovery for mature leaves, rather than young or old leaves. Diffusion of CO2 from the intercellular airspaces to the site of Rubisco within C3 plant chloroplasts (gm) governs photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (A). However, variation in g m in response to environmental stress during leaf development remains poorly understood. Age-dependent changes in leaf ultrastructure and potential impacts on g m, A, and stomatal conductance to CO2 (g sc) were investigated for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in well-watered and water-stressed plants, and after recovery by re-watering of droughted plants. Significant reductions in A and g m were found as leaves aged. The oldest plants (15 days and 22 days) in water-stressed conditions showed higher A and gm compared to irrigated plants. The rate of decline in A and g m as leaves aged was slower for water-stressed compared to well-watered plants. When droughted plants were rewatered, the degree of recovery depended on the age of the leaves, but only for g m. The surface area of chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces (S c) and the size of individual chloroplasts declined as leaves aged, resulting in a positive correlation between g m and S c. Leaf age significantly affected cell wall thickness (t cw), which was higher in old leaves compared to mature/young leaves. Greater knowledge of leaf anatomical traits associated with g m partially explained changes in physiology with leaf age and plant water status, which in turn should create more possibilities for improving photosynthesis using breeding/biotechnological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisrat Jahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Edward Sharwood
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawksbury, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Hawksbury, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - David T. Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawksbury, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawksbury, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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7
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Del Pozo A, Méndez-Espinoza AM, Garriga M, Estrada F, Castillo D, Matus I, Lobos GA. Phenotypic variation in leaf photosynthetic traits, leaf area index, and carbon discrimination of field-grown wheat genotypes and their relationship with yield performance in Mediterranean environments. PLANTA 2023; 258:22. [PMID: 37329469 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Leaf water potential, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence exhibited significant differences among genotypes, high environmental effects, but low heritability. The highest-yielding and drought-tolerant genotypes presented superior harvest index and grain weight, compared to drought-susceptible ones. Physiological phenotyping can help identify useful traits related to crop performance under water-limited conditions. A set of fourteen bread wheat genotypes with contrasting grain yield (GY) was studied in eight Mediterranean environments in Chile, resulting from the combination of two sites (Cauquenes and Santa Rosa), two water conditions (rainfed-WL and irrigated-WW), and four growing seasons (2015-2018). The objectives were to (i) evaluate the phenotypic variation of leaf photosynthetic traits after heading (anthesis and grain filling) in different environments; (ii) analyze the relationship between GY and leaf photosynthetic traits and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C); and (iii) identify those traits that could have a greater impact in the determination of tolerant genotypes under field conditions. Agronomic traits exhibited significant genotypic differences and genotype × environment (GxE) interaction. The average GY under the WW condition at Santa Rosa was 9.2 Mg ha-1 (range 8.2-9.9 Mg ha-1) and under the WL condition at Cauquenes was 6.2 Mg ha-1 (range 3.7-8.3 Mg ha-1). The GY was closely related to the harvest index (HI) in 14 out of 16 environments, a trait exhibiting a relatively high heritability. In general terms, the leaf photosynthetic traits presented low GxE interaction, but high environmental effects and low heritability, except for the chlorophyll content. The relationships between GY and leaf photosynthetic traits were weaker when performed across genotypes in each environment, indicating low genotypic effects, and stronger when performed across environments for each genotype. The leaf area index and Δ13C also presented high environmental effects and low heritability, and their correlations with GY were influenced by environmental effects. The highest-yielding and drought-tolerant genotypes presented superior HI and grain weight, but no clear differences in leaf photosynthetic traits or Δ13C, compared to drought-susceptible ones. It seems that the phenotypic plasticity of agronomic and leaf photosynthetic traits is very important for crop adaptation to Mediterranean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Del Pozo
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile.
| | - Ana María Méndez-Espinoza
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
- CRI-Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Km 8 Norte, Osorno, Chile
| | - Miguel Garriga
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Félix Estrada
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
- CRI-Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Km 8 Norte, Osorno, Chile
| | - Dalma Castillo
- CRI-Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - Iván Matus
- CRI-Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - Gustavo A Lobos
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
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8
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Liu X, Gu M, Lv X, Sheng D, Wang X, Wang P, Huang S. High temperature defense-related pathways, mediating lodicule expansion and spikelet opening in maize tassel. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad115. [PMID: 36967717 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High temperature (HT) at flowering hinders pollen shedding, whereas mechanisms underlying stress-induced spikelet closure are poorly known in maize. Yield components, spikelet opening, and lodicule morphology/protein profiling upon HT stress during flowering were explored in maize inbred lines Chang 7-2 and Qi 319. HT induced spikelet closure and reduced pollen shed weight (PSW) and seed set. Qi 319 that had a 7-fold lower PSW than Chang 7-2 was more susceptible to HT. A small lodicule size reduced spikelet opening rate and angle, and more vascular bundles hastened lodicule shrinking in Qi 319. Lodicules were collected for proteomics. In HT-stressed lodicules, proteins involved in stress signal, cell wall, cell constructure, carbohydrate metabolism, and phytohormone signaling were associated with stress tolerance. Among these proteins, HT downregulated expression of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein domain2, SNAP receptor complex member11, and sterol methyltransferase2 in Qi 319 but not in Chang 7-2, agreeing well with protein abundance changes. Exogenous epibrassinolide enlarged spikelet opening angle and extended spikelet opening duration. These results suggest that dysfunction of actin cytoskeleton and membrane remodeling induced by HT likely limits lodicule expansion. Additionally, reduced vascular bundles in lodicule and application of epibrassinolide might confer spikelet tolerance to HT stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingqi Gu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuanlong Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dechang Sheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shoubing Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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McCaffrey KR, Paulukonis EA, Raimondo S, Sinnathamby S, Purucker ST, Oliver LM. A multi-scale approach for identification of potential pesticide use sites impacting vernal pool critical habitat in California. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159274. [PMID: 36208758 PMCID: PMC9884490 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spatially explicit ecological risk assessment (ERA) requires estimating the overlap between chemical and receptor distribution to evaluate the potential impacts of exposure on nontarget organisms. Pesticide use estimation at field level is prone to error due to inconsistencies between ground-reporting and geospatial data coverage; attempts to rectify these inconsistencies have been limited in approach and rarely scaled to multiple crop types. We built upon a previously developed Bayesian approach to combine multiple crop types for a probabilistic determination of field-crop assignments and to examine co-occurrence of critical vernal pool habitats and bifenthrin application within a 5-county area in California (Madera, Merced, Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Stanislaus counties). We incorporated a multi-scale repeated sampling approach with an area constraint to improve the delineation of field boundaries and better capture variability in crop assignments and rotation schemes. After comparing the accuracy of the spatial probabilistic approach to USDA Census of Agriculture crop acreage data, we found our approach allows more specificity in the combination of crop types represented by the potential application area and improves acreage estimates when compared to traditional deterministic approaches. In addition, our multi-scale sampling scheme improved estimates of bifenthrin acreage variability for co-occurrence analysis and allowed for estimates of crop rotations that were previously uncaptured. Our approach could be leveraged for more realistic, spatially resolved exposure and effects models both in and outside of California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R McCaffrey
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA
| | - Elizabeth Anne Paulukonis
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Molecular Indicators Branch, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), PO Box 117, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Sandy Raimondo
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA
| | - Sumathy Sinnathamby
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Office of Pesticide Programs, One Potomac Yard, 2777 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - S Thomas Purucker
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Molecular Indicators Branch, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Leah M Oliver
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA.
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10
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Cowling WA, Castro-Urrea FA, Stefanova KT, Li L, Banks RG, Saradadevi R, Sass O, Kinghorn BP, Siddique KHM. Optimal Contribution Selection Improves the Rate of Genetic Gain in Grain Yield and Yield Stability in Spring Canola in Australia and Canada. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:383. [PMID: 36679096 PMCID: PMC9863350 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Crop breeding must achieve higher rates of genetic gain in grain yield (GY) and yield stability to meet future food demands in a changing climate. Optimal contributions selection (OCS) based on an index of key economic traits should increase the rate of genetic gain while minimising population inbreeding. Here we apply OCS in a global spring oilseed rape (canola) breeding program during three cycles of S0,1 family selection in 2016, 2018, and 2020, with several field trials per cycle in Australia and Canada. Economic weights in the index promoted high GY, seed oil, protein in meal, and Phoma stem canker (blackleg) disease resistance while maintaining plant height, flowering time, oleic acid, and seed size and decreasing glucosinolate content. After factor analytic modelling of the genotype-by-environment interaction for the additive effects, the linear rate of genetic gain in GY across cycles was 0.059 or 0.087 t ha-1 y-1 (2.9% or 4.3% y-1) based on genotype scores for the first factor (f1) expressed in trait units or average predicted breeding values across environments, respectively. Both GY and yield stability, defined as the root-mean-square deviation from the regression line associated with f1, were predicted to improve in the next cycle with a low achieved mean parental coancestry (0.087). These methods achieved rapid genetic gain in GY and other traits and are predicted to improve yield stability across global spring canola environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace A. Cowling
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Felipe A. Castro-Urrea
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Katia T. Stefanova
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Robert G. Banks
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Renu Saradadevi
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Olaf Sass
- Norddeutsche Pflanzenzucht Hans-Georg Lembke KG, Hohenlieth, 24363 Holtsee, Germany
| | - Brian P. Kinghorn
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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11
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Bowerman AF, Byrt CS, Roy SJ, Whitney SM, Mortimer JC, Ankeny RA, Gilliham M, Zhang D, Millar AA, Rebetzke GJ, Pogson BJ. Potential abiotic stress targets for modern genetic manipulation. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:139-161. [PMID: 36377770 PMCID: PMC9806601 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Research into crop yield and resilience has underpinned global food security, evident in yields tripling in the past 5 decades. The challenges that global agriculture now faces are not just to feed 10+ billion people within a generation, but to do so under a harsher, more variable, and less predictable climate, and in many cases with less water, more expensive inputs, and declining soil quality. The challenges of climate change are not simply to breed for a "hotter drier climate," but to enable resilience to floods and droughts and frosts and heat waves, possibly even within a single growing season. How well we prepare for the coming decades of climate variability will depend on our ability to modify current practices, innovate with novel breeding methods, and communicate and work with farming communities to ensure viability and profitability. Here we define how future climates will impact farming systems and growing seasons, thereby identifying the traits and practices needed and including exemplars being implemented and developed. Critically, this review will also consider societal perspectives and public engagement about emerging technologies for climate resilience, with participatory approaches presented as the best approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Bowerman
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Stuart John Roy
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Spencer M Whitney
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rachel A Ankeny
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Humanities, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dabing Zhang
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony A Millar
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Greg J Rebetzke
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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12
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Meng Z, Guo J, Yan K, Yang Z, Li B, Zhang B, Chen B. China's Trade of Agricultural Products Drives Substantial Greenhouse Gas Emissions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15774. [PMID: 36497851 PMCID: PMC9740673 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
China's trade of agricultural products has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, resulting in considerable shifts in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. This study aims to explore the evolution of GHG emissions embodied in China's trade of agricultural products from 1995 to 2015. The GHG emissions embodied in China's exports of agricultural products experienced three stages of fluctuation, showing a significant upward trend (1995-2003), a fluctuating trend (2004-2007), and a fall back to the previous level (2008-2015). The embodied GHG emissions in China's imports were witnessed at times of sustained growth, rising from 10.5 Mt CO2-eq in 1995 to 107.7 Mt CO2-eq in 2015. The net import of embodied GHG emissions has grown at an average annual rate of 25.1% since 2008. In terms of regional contribution, the distribution of China's trading partners tended to be diversified. The increasing net imports of oil crops to China resulted in a significant GHG emissions shift from China to the US and Brazil. Asian countries contributed to 76.9% of the total GHG emissions embodied in China's agricultural exports. The prominent impacts of China's trade of agricultural products on global GHG emissions provide important implications for climate-related policy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Meng
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinling Guo
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kejia Yan
- School of Management, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhuan Yang
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bozi Li
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Management, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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13
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Ren H, Liu M, Zhang J, Liu P, Liu C. Effects of agronomic traits and climatic factors on yield and yield stability of summer maize ( Zea mays L) in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1050064. [PMID: 36457517 PMCID: PMC9707337 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) is the summer maize variety with the widest planting area in Huang-Huai-Hai plain in the past 20 years. Understanding the agronomic characteristics of maize and its adaptability to climatic factors is of great significance for breeding maize varieties with high yield and stability. In this study, the experimental data of 33 experimental stations from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed to clarify the effects of different agronomic traits on yield and the correlation between agronomic traits, and to understand the effects of different climatic factors on summer maize yield and agronomic traits. The results showed that the average yield of ZD958 was 9.20 t ha-1, and the yield variation coefficient was 13.41%. There was a certainly negative correlation between high yield and high stability. Plant heights, ear heights, double ear rate, ear length, ear rows, line grain number, grain number per ear, ear diameter, cob diameter, and 1000 grains weight were significantly positive correlation with maize yield. Solar radiation before and after silking were significantly positive correlation with maize yield. Path analysis showed that changes in agronomic traits accounted for 54% of the yield variation, and changes in climate factors accounted for 26% of the yield variation. Our study showed that higher plant height, ear height, grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight, lower lodging rate, pour the discount rate and shorter bald tip long were the main reasons for high yield. Among the climatic factors, solar radiation and the lowest temperature have significant effects on the yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jibo Zhang
- Shandong Climate Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Cunhui Liu
- Shandong Seed Administration Station, Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, Shandong, China
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14
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Navarro Garcia J, Marcos-Martinez R, Mosnier A, Schmidt-Traub G, Javalera Rincon V, Obersteiner M, Perez Guzman K, Thomson MJ, Penescu L, Douzal C, Bryan BA, Hadjikakou M. Multi-target scenario discovery to plan for sustainable food and land systems in Australia. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2022; 18:371-388. [PMID: 36090767 PMCID: PMC9442575 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-022-01202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The development of detailed national pathways towards sustainable food and land systems aims to provide stakeholders with clarity on how long-term goals could be achieved and to reduce roadblocks in the way to making commitments. However, the inability to perfectly capture the relationships between all variables in a system and the unknown probability of future values (deep uncertainty) makes it very difficult to design scenarios that account for the full breadth of system uncertainty. Here we use scenario discovery to systematically explore the effect of different parameter ranges on model outputs, and design resilient pathways to sustainability in which multiple target achievement requires a broad portfolio of solutions. We use a model of the Australian food and land system, the FABLE (Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land-use, Energy) Calculator, to investigate conditions for achieving a sustainable Australian food and land system under scenarios based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 1, 2, and 3 narratives. Here we link the FABLE Calculator with a Monte Carlo simulation tool to explore hundreds of thousands of scenarios. This allows us to identify the ranges of systemic drivers that achieve multiple sustainability targets around diets, net forest growth, agricultural water consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity conservation, and exports by 2050. Our results show that livestock productivity and density, afforestation, and dietary change are powerful influencers for sustainability target achievement. Around 10% of the SSP1 scenarios could achieve all modelled sustainability targets. However, practically none of the scenarios based on SSP2 and SSP3 narratives could achieve such targets. The results suggest that there are options to achieve a more sustainable and resilient Australian food and land-use system with better socio-economic and environmental outcomes than under current trends. However, its achievement requires significant structural changes and coordinated interventions in several components of the domestic food and land system to increase its resilience and environmental and socio-economic performance. Understanding the bounds within which this system needs to change and operate to achieve sustainability targets will enable greater clarity and flexibility during discussions between decision-makers and stakeholders. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-022-01202-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Katya Perez Guzman
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Marcus J. Thomson
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | | | - Brett A. Bryan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michalis Hadjikakou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Multivariate analyses of Ethiopian durum wheat revealed stable and high yielding genotypes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273008. [PMID: 35976886 PMCID: PMC9385061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving crop adaptation and stability across diverse and changing environmental conditions is essential to increasing grain yield per unit area. In turn, this contributes to meeting the increasing global food demand. Nevertheless, a number of factors challenge the efficiency of crop improvement programs, of which genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) is one of the major factors. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and phenotypic stability of 385 Ethiopian durum wheat landraces and 35 cultivars; assess the pattern of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) effect, and identify stable and high-yielding landraces or cultivars using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype main effect plus genotype by environment interaction biplot (GGE-biplot). The experiment was laid out in an alpha lattice design with two replications at five test sites (Akaki, Chefe Donsa, Holeta, Kulumsa, and Sinana). The combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant effects (P ≤ 0.01) of environments (E), genotype (G), and GEI on a phenotypic variation of traits evaluated, including grain yield. For all traits, the amount of phenotypic variance and GEI explained by the GGE biplot was higher than in AMMI2, but both exhibited significant effects of E and GEI on the genotypes. The AMMI model identified G169, G420, G413, G139, G415, G416, G417, and G418 as stable genotypes across testing sites. Whereas, the GGE biplot identified G169, G420, G415, G139, G106, G412, G413, and G417 as both high-yielding and stable across test sites. Hence, genotypes identified as stable and high yielding in the present study could be used in a durum wheat breeding program aimed at identifying genes and molecular markers associated with the crop’s productivity traits as well as developing stable and high-yielding cultivars for use in East Africa and beyond.
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16
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Posch BC, Hammer J, Atkin OK, Bramley H, Ruan YL, Trethowan R, Coast O. Wheat photosystem II heat tolerance responds dynamically to short- and long-term warming. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:erac039. [PMID: 35604885 PMCID: PMC9127437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Wheat photosynthetic heat tolerance can be characterized using minimal chlorophyll fluorescence to quantify the critical temperature (Tcrit) above which incipient damage to the photosynthetic machinery occurs. We investigated intraspecies variation and plasticity of wheat Tcrit under elevated temperature in field and controlled-environment experiments, and assessed whether intraspecies variation mirrored interspecific patterns of global heat tolerance. In the field, wheat Tcrit varied diurnally-declining from noon through to sunrise-and increased with phenological development. Under controlled conditions, heat stress (36 °C) drove a rapid (within 2 h) rise in Tcrit that peaked after 3-4 d. The peak in Tcrit indicated an upper limit to PSII heat tolerance. A global dataset [comprising 183 Triticum and wild wheat (Aegilops) species] generated from the current study and a systematic literature review showed that wheat leaf Tcrit varied by up to 20 °C (roughly two-thirds of reported global plant interspecies variation). However, unlike global patterns of interspecies Tcrit variation that have been linked to latitude of genotype origin, intraspecific variation in wheat Tcrit was unrelated to that. Overall, the observed genotypic variation and plasticity of wheat Tcrit suggest that this trait could be useful in high-throughput phenotyping of wheat photosynthetic heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Posch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Julia Hammer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, N6A 3K7, London, Canada
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Helen Bramley
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture & School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Richard Trethowan
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture & School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Onoriode Coast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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17
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Abstract
The analysis of common properties of growth for crops is the basis for further understanding crop growth in different regions. We used four typical crops of China, winter wheat, summer maize, rice, and cotton, to build an integrated model suitable for simulating the growth of different crops. The rates and characteristics of crop growth were systematically analysed based on semirelative and fully relative logistic models of crop growth, and a comprehensive, fully relative logistic model for the four crops was established. The spatial distributions of the maximum leaf area index (LAImax) and maximum dry-matter accumulation (DMAmax) for the four crops were analysed. The semirelative and fully relative growth models exhibited different characteristics of crop growth. The essential characteristics of growth and the characteristics of the crops at each stage of growth were better represented by the fully relative logistic growth model than by the semirelative model. The comprehensive, fully relative logistic model fitted the growth of all four crops well. LAImax and DMAmax varied greatly amongst the four crops and were strongly regionally distributed. These indicators for the same crop were differentially spatially variable, and the two indicators were not significantly correlated, except for rice. LAImax and DMAmax in different regions could be obtained using a binary quadratic equation of water consumption and growing degree days for the crops. This study provides a novel method for quantitatively judging the status of crop growth, predicting crop yields, and planning for regional agricultural planting.
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18
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Climate and agronomy, not genetics, underpin recent maize yield gains in favorable environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2113629119. [PMID: 35042796 PMCID: PMC8795556 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113629119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After accounting for the effect of climate and improvements in agronomic management, we found the contribution of genetic technologies to increasing maize yield potential in favorable environments was substantially smaller than reported in previous studies. If genetic progress in yield potential is slowing in other environments and for other crops as well, future production gains will increasingly rely on yield gains from improved agronomic practices and/or increasing crop intensity where possible. Quantitative understanding of factors driving yield increases of major food crops is essential for effective prioritization of research and development. Yet previous estimates had limitations in distinguishing among contributing factors such as changing climate and new agronomic and genetic technologies. Here, we distinguished the separate contribution of these factors to yield advance using an extensive database collected from the largest irrigated maize-production domain in the world located in Nebraska (United States) during the 2005-to-2018 period. We found that 48% of the yield gain was associated with a decadal climate trend, 39% with agronomic improvements, and, by difference, only 13% with improvement in genetic yield potential. The fact that these findings were so different from most previous studies, which gave much-greater weight to genetic yield potential improvement, gives urgency to the need to reevaluate contributions to yield advances for all major food crops to help guide future investments in research and development to achieve sustainable global food security. If genetic progress in yield potential is also slowing in other environments and crops, future crop-yield gains will increasingly rely on improved agronomic practices.
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19
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Francki MG, Stainer GS, Walker E, Rebetzke GJ, Stefanova KT, French RJ. Phenotypic Evaluation and Genetic Analysis of Seedling Emergence in a Global Collection of Wheat Genotypes ( Triticum aestivum L.) Under Limited Water Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:796176. [PMID: 35003185 PMCID: PMC8739788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.796176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The challenge in establishing an early-sown wheat crop in southern Australia is the need for consistently high seedling emergence when sowing deep in subsoil moisture (>10 cm) or into dry top-soil (4 cm). However, the latter is strongly reliant on a minimum soil water availability to ensure successful seedling emergence. This study aimed to: (1) evaluate 233 Australian and selected international wheat genotypes for consistently high seedling emergence under limited soil water availability when sown in 4 cm of top-soil in field and glasshouse (GH) studies; (2) ascertain genetic loci associated with phenotypic variation using a genome-wide association study (GWAS); and (3) compare across loci for traits controlling coleoptile characteristics, germination, dormancy, and pre-harvest sprouting. Despite significant (P < 0.001) environment and genotype-by-environment interactions within and between field and GH experiments, eight genotypes that included five cultivars, two landraces, and one inbred line had consistently high seedling emergence (mean value > 85%) across nine environments. Moreover, 21 environment-specific quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected in GWAS analysis on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5B, 5D, and 7D, indicating complex genetic inheritance controlling seedling emergence. We aligned QTL for known traits and individual genes onto the reference genome of wheat and identified 16 QTL for seedling emergence in linkage disequilibrium with coleoptile length, width, and cross-sectional area, pre-harvest sprouting and dormancy, germination, seed longevity, and anthocyanin development. Therefore, it appears that seedling emergence is controlled by multifaceted networks of interrelated genes and traits regulated by different environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Francki
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Grantley S. Stainer
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Merredin, WA, Australia
| | - Esther Walker
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Rebetzke
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Katia T. Stefanova
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert J. French
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Merredin, WA, Australia
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20
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Bloom AJ, Plant RE. Wheat grain yield decreased over the past 35 years, but protein content did not change. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6811-6821. [PMID: 34318881 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which rising atmospheric CO2 concentration has already influenced food production and quality is uncertain. Here, we analyzed annual field trials of autumn-planted common wheat in California from 1985 to 2019, a period during which the global atmospheric CO2 concentration increased 19%. Even after accounting for other major factors (cultivar, location, degree-days, soil temperature, total water applied, nitrogen fertilization, and pathogen infestation), wheat grain yield and protein yield declined 13% over this period, but grain protein content did not change. These results suggest that exposure to gradual CO2 enrichment over the past 35 years has adversely affected wheat grain and protein yield, but not grain protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold J Bloom
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Richard E Plant
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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21
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Hunt JR, Kirkegaard JA, Harris FA, Porker KD, Rattey AR, Collins MJ, Celestina C, Cann DJ, Hochman Z, Lilley JM, Flohr BM. Exploiting genotype × management interactions to increase rainfed crop production: a case study from south-eastern Australia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5189-5207. [PMID: 34228105 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield must increase to keep pace with growing global demand. Past increases in crop production have rarely been attributable to an individual innovation but have occurred when technologies and practices combine to form improved farming systems. Inevitably this has involved synergy between genotypic and management improvements. We argue that research focused on developing synergistic systems that overcome clear production constraints will accelerate increases in yield. This offers the opportunity to better focus and multiply the impact of discipline-focused research. Here we use the rainfed grain production systems of south-eastern Australia as a case study of how transformational change in water productivity can be achieved with research focused on genotype × management synergies. In this region, rainfall is low and variable and has declined since 1990. Despite this, growers have maintained yields by implementing synergistic systems combining innovations in (i) soil water conservation, (ii) crop diversity, (iii) earlier sowing, and (iv) matching nitrogen fertilizer to water-limited demand. Further increases are emerging from synergies between genetic improvements to deliver flowering time stability, adjusted sowing times, and potential dual-purpose use. Collaboration between agronomists, physiologists, and crop breeders has led to development of commercial genotypes with stable flowering time that are in early phases of testing and adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hunt
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - John A Kirkegaard
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Felicity A Harris
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenton D Porker
- South Australian Research & Development Institute & School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | | | - Marisa J Collins
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Corinne Celestina
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Cann
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Zvi Hochman
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture & Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julianne M Lilley
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Bonnie M Flohr
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture & Food, Adelaide, ACT, Australia
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22
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Coast O, Posch BC, Bramley H, Gaju O, Richards RA, Lu M, Ruan YL, Trethowan R, Atkin OK. Acclimation of leaf photosynthesis and respiration to warming in field-grown wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2331-2346. [PMID: 33283881 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and future warming will significantly affect crop yield. The capacity of crops to dynamically adjust physiological processes (i.e., acclimate) to warming might improve overall performance. Understanding and quantifying the degree of acclimation in field crops could ensure better parameterization of crop and Earth System models and predictions of crop performance. We hypothesized that for field-grown wheat, when measured at a common temperature (25°C), crops grown under warmer conditions would exhibit acclimation, leading to enhanced crop performance and yield. Acclimation was defined as (a) decreased rates of net photosynthesis at 25°C (A25 ) coupled with lower maximum carboxylation capacity (Vcmax25 ), (b) reduced leaf dark respiration at 25°C (both in terms of O2 consumption Rdark _O225 and CO2 efflux Rdark _CO225 ) and (c) lower Rdark _CO225 to Vcmax25 ratio. Field experiments were conducted over two seasons with 20 wheat genotypes, sown at three different planting dates, to test these hypotheses. Leaf-level CO2 -based traits (A25 , Rdark _CO225 and Vcmax25 ) did not show the classic acclimation responses that we hypothesized; by contrast, the hypothesized changes in Rdark_ O2 were observed. These findings have implications for predictive crop models that assume similar temperature response among these physiological processes and for predictions of crop performance in a future warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onoriode Coast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Agriculture, Health and Environment Department, Natural Resources Institute, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Bradley C Posch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Helen Bramley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oorbessy Gaju
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- College of Science, Lincoln Institute of Agri-Food Technology, University of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
| | | | - Meiqin Lu
- Australian Grain Technologies, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Trethowan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Anders S, Cowling W, Pareek A, Gupta KJ, Singla-Pareek SL, Foyer CH. Gaining Acceptance of Novel Plant Breeding Technologies. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:575-587. [PMID: 33893048 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring the sustainability of agriculture under climate change has led to a surge in alternative strategies for crop improvement. Advances in integrated crop breeding, social acceptance, and farm-level adoption are crucial to address future challenges to food security. Societal acceptance can be slow when consumers do not see the need for innovation or immediate benefits. We consider how best to address the issue of social licence and harmonised governance for novel gene technologies in plant breeding. In addition, we highlight optimised breeding strategies that will enable long-term genetic gains to be achieved. Promoted by harmonised global policy change, innovative plant breeding can realise high and sustainable productivity together with enhanced nutritional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Anders
- Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Wallace Cowling
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
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24
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Cross AT, Krueger TA, Gonella PM, Robinson AS, Fleischmann AS. Conservation of carnivorous plants in the age of extinction. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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25
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Responses of Winter Wheat Yield to Drought in the North China Plain: Spatial–Temporal Patterns and Climatic Drivers. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the winter wheat yield responses to drought are the keys to minimizing drought-related winter wheat yield losses under climate change. The research goal of our study is to explore the response patterns of winter wheat yield to drought in the North China Plain (NCP) and then further to study which climatic factors drive the response patterns. For this purpose, winter wheat yield was simulated by the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) crop model. Drought was quantified by standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and the contributions of the various climatic factors were evaluated using predictive discriminant analysis (PDA) method. The results showed that the responses of winter wheat yield to different time-scale droughts have obvious spatial differences from the north part to the south part in the NCP. Winter wheat yield is more sensitive to the medium (6–9 months) and long (9–12 months) time-scale droughts that occurred in the key growth periods (April and May). The different response patterns of winter wheat yield to the different time-scale droughts are mainly controlled by temperature and water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) in winter in the NCP. Compared with the water balance, temperature plays a more important role in driving the response pattern characteristics. These findings can provide a reference on how to reduce drought influences on winter wheat yield in the NCP.
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26
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Demirhan H. Impact of increasing temperature anomalies and carbon dioxide emissions on wheat production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:139616. [PMID: 32615418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the serious issues humankind is currently facing. It impacts almost all the processes in nature and threatens the existence of species and biodiversity; hence, the whole process of the food cycle. To mitigate the influence of climate change on vital processes in nature, we need to understand the pattern and magnitude of the relationship between climate change and impacted processes in nature. In this article, we explore the impact of climate change on wheat production in terms of short and long-run relationships between world wheat production, carbon dioxide emissions, and surface temperature anomalies. We present new information on the nexus between climate change and wheat production using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models and ARDL bounds test of cointegration. We observe a significant cointegration relationship among world wheat production, carbon dioxide emissions, and surface temperature anomalies series. Lagged short-run impacts of temperature anomalies and carbon dioxide emissions are found significant. The long-run impact of both series on world wheat production is significant with a high correction speed to any instability between wheat production and the proxies of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar Demirhan
- Mathematical Sciences Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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27
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Evaluation of the impact of heat on wheat dormancy, late maturity α-amylase and grain size under controlled conditions in diverse germplasm. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17800. [PMID: 33082361 PMCID: PMC7576155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Australian wheat belts, short episodes of high temperatures or hot spells during grain filling are becoming increasingly common and have an enormous impact on yield and quality, bringing multi-billion losses annually. This problem will become recurrent under the climate change scenario that forecast increasing extreme temperatures, but so far, no systematic analysis of the resistance to hot spells has yet been performed in a diverse genetic background. We developed a protocol to study the effects of heat on three important traits: grain size, grain dormancy and the presence of Late Maturity α-Amylase (LMA), and we validated it by analysing the phenotypes of 28 genetically diverse wheat landraces and exploring the potential variability existing in the responses to hot spells. Using controlled growth environments, the different genotypes were grown in our standard conditions until 20 days after anthesis, and then moved for 10 days into a heat chamber. Our study showed that our elevated temperature treatment during mid-late filling triggered multiple detrimental effects on yield and quality. We observed a reduction in grain size, a reduction in grain dormancy and increased LMA expression in most of the tested genotypes, but potential resistant lines were identified for each analyzed trait opening new perspectives for future genetic studies and breeding for heat-insensitive commercial lines.
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28
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He T, Li C. Harness the power of genomic selection and the potential of germplasm in crop breeding for global food security in the era with rapid climate change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Chen C, Wang B, Feng P, Xing H, Fletcher AL, Lawes RA. The shifting influence of future water and temperature stress on the optimal flowering period for wheat in Western Australia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139707. [PMID: 32516662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
An optimal flowering period (OFP) minimises the long-term combined risk of extreme weather events on crop yield and exists in all environments. With climate change, the frequency, timing and intensity of these events are likely to change, which in turn may shift the OFP. It is important to explore how the OFP would change under a future climate. Knowledge of the OFP is important for formulating breeding strategies and developing suitable varieties. Here, a simulation analysis was conducted at 4 sites in Western Australia to quantify any shift in the OFP due to climate change, by accounting for the effects of frost, heat and water stress on wheat yield. Three global climate models that projected the greatest precipitation decrease under the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 during 2061-2100 were ensembled to represent a dry future climate condition (dry scenario); and 3 models that predicted the smallest decrease in precipitation were ensembled to represent a wet future climate condition (wet scenario). The simulation results predicted that the timing of OFPs for wheat in Western Australia would occur earlier than the current OFP. On average the OFP was 29 days earlier in the dry scenario and 11 days earlier in the wet scenario. Early sowing of long-season varieties would be preferable to achieve the OFP in both climate scenarios due to greater yield potential. Early sowing opportunities were very limited under the dry scenario, and therefore fast maturing varieties for late sowing would also be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Bag 5, PO Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
| | - Bin Wang
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Puyu Feng
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Hongtao Xing
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Andrew L Fletcher
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Bag 5, PO Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| | - Roger A Lawes
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Bag 5, PO Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
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30
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Porker K, Straight M, Hunt JR. Evaluation of G × E × M Interactions to Increase Harvest Index and Yield of Early Sown Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:994. [PMID: 32754174 PMCID: PMC7366857 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Harvest index (HI) is the ratio of grain to total shoot dry matter and is as a measure of reproductive efficiency. HI is determined by interactions between genotypes (G), environment (E), and crop management (M). Historic genetic yield gains due to breeding in wheat have largely been achieved by increasing HI. Environmental factors are important for HI and include seasonal pattern of water supply and extreme temperatures during crop reproductive development. Wheat production in Australia has been dominated by fast-developing spring cultivars that when sown in late-autumn will flower at an optimal time in early spring. Water limited potential yield can be increased by sowing slower developing wheats with a vernalization requirement (winter wheat) earlier than currently practiced such that their development is matched to environment and they flower at the optimal time. This means a longer vegetative phase which increases rooting depth, proportion of water-use transpired, and transpiration efficiency by allowing more growth during winter when vapour pressure deficit is low. All these factors can increase biomass accumulation, grain number and thus grain yield potential. However higher yields are not always realized due to a lower HI of early sown slow developing wheats compared to fast developing wheats sown later. Here, we evaluate genotype × management practices to improve HI and yield in early sown slow developing wheat crops using 6 field experiments conducted across south eastern Australia from 2014 to 2018 in yield environments ranging from ~1 to ~4.7 t/ha. Practices included low plant densities (30-50 plants/m²), mechanical defoliation, and deferred application of nitrogen fertilizer. Lower plant densities had similar yield and HI to higher plant densities. Defoliation tended to increase HI but reduce yield except when there was severe stem frost damage. Deferring nitrogen had a variable effect depending on starting soil N and in crop rainfall. All management strategies evaluated gave variable HI and yield responses with small effect sizes, and we conclude that none of them can reliably increase HI in early sown wheat. We propose that genetic improvement is the most promising avenue for increasing HI and yield in early sown wheat, and postulate that this could be achieved more rapidly through early generation screening for HI in slow developing genotypes than by crop management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenton Porker
- Crop Sciences, Agronomy Group, South Australia Research and Development Institute, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
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31
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Houshmandfar A, Ota N, O'Leary GJ, Zheng B, Chen Y, Tausz-Posch S, Fitzgerald GJ, Richards R, Rebetzke GJ, Tausz M. A reduced-tillering trait shows small but important yield gains in dryland wheat production. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4056-4067. [PMID: 32237246 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the number of tillers per plant using a tiller inhibition (tin) gene has been considered as an important trait for wheat production in dryland environments. We used a spatial analysis approach with a daily time-step coupled radiation and transpiration efficiency model to simulate the impact of the reduced-tillering trait on wheat yield under different climate change scenarios across Australia's arable land. Our results show a small but consistent yield advantage of the reduced-tillering trait in the most water-limited environments both under current and likely future conditions. Our climate scenarios show that whilst elevated [CO2 ] (e[CO2 ]) alone might limit the area where the reduced-tillering trait is advantageous, the most likely climate scenario of e[CO2 ] combined with increased temperature and reduced rainfall consistently increased the area where restricted tillering has an advantage. Whilst long-term average yield advantages were small (ranged from 31 to 51 kg ha-1 year-1 ), across large dryland areas the value is large (potential cost-benefits ranged from Australian dollar 23 to 60 MIL/year). It seems therefore worthwhile to further explore this reduced-tillering trait in relation to a range of different environments and climates, because its benefits are likely to grow in future dry environments where wheat is grown around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Houshmandfar
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, Vic., Australia
| | - Noboru Ota
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Garry J O'Leary
- Agriculture Victoria, Horsham, Vic., Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Bangyou Zheng
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Yang Chen
- Goods Shed North, CSIRO Data61, Docklands, Vic., Australia
| | - Sabine Tausz-Posch
- Department of Agriculture, Science and the Environment, School of Health, Medical and Applied Science, CQUniversity Australia, Rockhampton, Qld, Australia
| | - Glenn J Fitzgerald
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, Vic., Australia
- Agriculture Victoria, Horsham, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | - Michael Tausz
- Goods Shed North, CSIRO Data61, Docklands, Vic., Australia
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32
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Cann DJ, Schillinger WF, Hunt JR, Porker KD, Harris FAJ. Agroecological Advantages of Early-Sown Winter Wheat in Semi-Arid Environments: A Comparative Case Study From Southern Australia and Pacific Northwest United States. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:568. [PMID: 32528488 PMCID: PMC7266876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely-grown crop in the Mediterranean semi-arid (150-400 mm) cropping zones of both southern Australia and the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States of America (United States). Low precipitation, low winter temperatures and heat and drought conditions during late spring and summer limit wheat yields in both regions. Due to rising temperatures, reduced autumn rainfall and increased frost risk in southern Australia since 1990, cropping conditions in these two environments have grown increasingly similar. This presents the opportunity for southern Australian growers to learn from the experiences of their PNW counterparts. Wheat cultivars with an obligate vernalization requirement (winter wheat), are an integral part of semi-arid PNW cropping systems, but in Australia are most frequently grown in cool or cold temperate cropping zones that receive high rainfall (>500 mm p.a.). It has recently been shown that early-sown winter wheat cultivars can increase water-limited potential yield in semi-arid southern Australia, in the face of decreasing autumn rainfall. Despite this research, there has to date been little breeding effort invested in winter wheat for growers in semi-arid southern Australia, and agronomic research into the management of early-sown winter wheat has only occurred in recent years. This paper explores the current and emerging environmental constraints of cropping in semi-arid southern Australia and, using the genotype × management strategies developed over 120 years of winter wheat agronomy in the PNW, highlights the potential advantages early-sown winter wheat offers growers in low-rainfall environments. The increased biomass, stable flowering time and late-summer establishment opportunities offered by winter wheat genotypes ensure they achieve higher yields in the PNW compared to later-sown spring wheat. Traits that make winter wheat advantageous in the PNW may also contribute to increased yield when grown in semi-arid southern Australia. This paper investigates which specific traits present in winter wheat genotypes give them an advantage in semi-arid cropping environments, which management practices best exploit this advantage, and what potential improvements can be made to cultivars for semi-arid southern Australia based on the history of winter wheat crop growth in the semi-arid Pacific Northwest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Cann
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William F. Schillinger
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Dryland Research Station, Lind, WA, United States
| | - James R. Hunt
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kenton D. Porker
- Crop Sciences, Agronomy Group, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Felicity A. J. Harris
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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To Blend or Not to Blend? A Framework for Nationwide Landsat–MODIS Data Selection for Crop Yield Prediction. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The onus for monitoring crop growth from space is its ability to be applied anytime and anywhere, to produce crop yield estimates that are consistent at both the subfield scale for farming management strategies and the country level for national crop yield assessment. Historically, the requirements for satellites to successfully monitor crop growth and yield differed depending on the extent of the area being monitored. Diverging imaging capabilities can be reconciled by blending images from high-temporal-frequency (HTF) and high-spatial-resolution (HSR) sensors to produce images that possess both HTF and HSR characteristics across large areas. We evaluated the relative performance of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Landsat, and blended imagery for crop yield estimates (2009–2015) using a carbon-turnover yield model deployed across the Australian cropping area. Based on the fraction of missing Landsat observations, we further developed a parsimonious framework to inform when and where blending is beneficial for nationwide crop yield prediction at a finer scale (i.e., the 25-m pixel resolution). Landsat provided the best yield predictions when no observations were missing, which occurred in 17% of the cropping area of Australia. Blending was preferred when <42% of Landsat observations were missing, which occurred in 33% of the cropping area of Australia. MODIS produced a lower prediction error when ≥42% of the Landsat images were missing (~50% of the cropping area). By identifying when and where blending outperforms predictions from either Landsat or MODIS, the proposed framework enables more accurate monitoring of biophysical processes and yields, while keeping computational costs low.
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Furbank RT, Sharwood R, Estavillo GM, Silva-Perez V, Condon AG. Photons to food: genetic improvement of cereal crop photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2226-2238. [PMID: 32083680 PMCID: PMC7135014 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis has become a major trait of interest for cereal yield improvement as breeders appear to have reached the theoretical genetic limit for harvest index, the mass of grain as a proportion of crop biomass. Yield improvements afforded by the adoption of green revolution dwarfing genes to wheat and rice are becoming exhausted, and improvements in biomass and radiation use efficiency are now sought in these crops. Exploring genetic diversity in photosynthesis is now possible using high-throughput techniques, and low-cost genotyping facilitates discovery of the genetic architecture underlying this variation. Photosynthetic traits have been shown to be highly heritable, and significant variation is present for these traits in available germplasm. This offers hope that breeding for improved photosynthesis and radiation use efficiency in cereal crops is tractable and a useful shorter term adjunct to genetic and genome engineering to boost yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Robert Sharwood
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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35
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Chen L, Zhao J, Song J, Jameson PE. Cytokinin dehydrogenase: a genetic target for yield improvement in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:614-630. [PMID: 31782596 PMCID: PMC7004901 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone group, the cytokinins, is implicated in both qualitative and quantitative components of yield. Cytokinins have opposing actions in shoot and root growth-actions shown to involve cytokinin dehydrogenase (CKX), the enzyme that inactivates cytokinin. We revise and provide unambiguous names for the CKX gene family members in wheat, based on the most recently released wheat genome database, IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 & v2.0. We review expression data of CKX gene family members in wheat, revealing tissue-specific gene family member expression as well as sub-genome-specific expression. Manipulation of CKX in cereals shows clear impacts on yield, root growth and orientation, and Zn nutrition, but this also emphasizes the necessity to unlink promotive effects on grain yield from negative effects of cytokinin on root growth and uptake of mineral nutrients, particularly Zn and Fe. Wheat is the most widely grown cereal crop globally, yet is under-research compared with rice and maize. We highlight gaps in our knowledge of the involvement of CKX for wheat. We also highlight the necessity for accurate analysis of endogenous cytokinins, acknowledging why this is challenging, and provide examples where inadequate analyses of endogenous cytokinins have led to unjustified conclusions. We acknowledge that the allohexaploid nature of bread wheat poses challenges in terms of uncovering useful mutations. However, we predict TILLING followed by whole-exome sequencing will uncover informative mutations and we indicate the potential for stacking mutations within the three genomes to modify yield components. We model a wheat ideotype based on CKX manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Jiqiang Zhao
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | | | - Paula E. Jameson
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
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de Oliveira Silva A, Slafer GA, Fritz AK, Lollato RP. Physiological Basis of Genotypic Response to Management in Dryland Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1644. [PMID: 31998334 PMCID: PMC6967739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A great majority of dryland wheat producers are reluctant to intensify management due to the assumption that lack of water availability is the most critical factor limiting yield and thus, the response to management intensification would be limited. We conducted on-farm field experiments across three locations and two growing seasons in Kansas using 21 modern winter wheat genotypes grown under either standard (SM) or intensified management (IM) systems. The goals of this study were to (i) determine whether the SM adopted is adequate to reach achievable yields by farmers in the region and (ii) identify differences in responsiveness to IM among a range of modern genotypes. Across all sites-years and genotypes, the IM increased yield by 0.9 Mg ha-1, outyielding the SM system even in the lowest yielding conditions. As expected, the yield response to IM increased with the achievable yield of the environment and genotype. Across all sources of variation, the yield responsiveness to IM was related to increased biomass rather than harvest index, strongly driven by improvements in grain number (and independent of changes in grain weight), and by improvements in N uptake which resulted from greater biomass and shoot N concentration. The IM system generally also increased grain N concentration and decreased the grain N dilution effect from increased yield. Genotypes varied in their response to IM, with major response patterns resulting from the combination of response magnitude (large vs. small) and consistency (variable vs. consistent). Genotypes with high mean response and high variability in the response to IM across years could offer greater opportunities for producers to maximize yield as those genotypes showed greater yield gain from IM when conditions favored their response. For the background conditions evaluated, intensifying management could improve wheat yield in between c. 0.2 and 1.5 Mg ha-1 depending on genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo A. Slafer
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida - AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
- ICREA (Catalonian Institution for Research and Advanced Studies), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Allan K. Fritz
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Romulo P. Lollato
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Beres BL, Rahmani E, Clarke JM, Grassini P, Pozniak CJ, Geddes CM, Porker KD, May WE, Ransom JK. A Systematic Review of Durum Wheat: Enhancing Production Systems by Exploring Genotype, Environment, and Management (G × E × M) Synergies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:568657. [PMID: 33193496 PMCID: PMC7658099 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.568657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
According to the UN-FAO, agricultural production must increase by 50% by 2050 to meet global demand for food. This goal can be accomplished, in part, by the development of improved cultivars coupled with modern best management practices. Overall, wheat production on farms will have to increase significantly to meet future demand, and in the face of a changing climate that poses risk to even current rates of production. Durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.)] is used largely for pasta, couscous and bulgur production. Durum producers face a range of factors spanning abiotic (frost damage, drought, and sprouting) and biotic (weed, disease, and insect pests) stresses that impact yields and quality specifications desired by export market end-users. Serious biotic threats include Fusarium head blight (FHB) and weed pest pressures, which have increased as a result of herbicide resistance. While genetic progress for yield and quality is on pace with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), development of resistant durum cultivars to FHB is still lagging. Thus, successful biotic and abiotic threat mitigation are ideal case studies in Genotype (G) × Environment (E) × Management (M) interactions where superior cultivars (G) are grown in at-risk regions (E) and require unique approaches to management (M) for sustainable durum production. Transformational approaches to research are needed in order for agronomists, breeders and durum producers to overcome production constraints. Designing robust agronomic systems for durum demands scientific creativity and foresight based on a deep understanding of constitutive components and their innumerable interactions with each other and the environment. This encompasses development of durum production systems that suit specific agro-ecozones and close the yield gap between genetic potential and on-farm achieved yield. Advances in individual technologies (e.g., genetic improvements, new pesticides, seeding technologies) are of little benefit until they are melded into resilient G × E × M systems that will flourish in the field under unpredictable conditions of prairie farmlands. We explore how recent genetic progress and selected management innovations can lead to a resilient and transformative durum production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Beres
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Brian L. Beres,
| | - Elham Rahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - John M. Clarke
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Patricio Grassini
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Curtis J. Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Charles M. Geddes
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Kenton D. Porker
- South Australia Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - William E. May
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Indian Head Research Station, Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Joel K. Ransom
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Capstick S, Chambers J, Dalin C, Daly M, Dasandi N, Davies M, Drummond P, Dubrow R, Ebi KL, Eckelman M, Ekins P, Escobar LE, Fernandez Montoya L, Georgeson L, Graham H, Haggar P, Hamilton I, Hartinger S, Hess J, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kjellstrom T, Kniveton D, Lemke B, Liu Y, Lott M, Lowe R, Sewe MO, Martinez-Urtaza J, Maslin M, McAllister L, McGushin A, Jankin Mikhaylov S, Milner J, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Murray K, Munzert S, Nilsson M, Neville T, Oreszczyn T, Owfi F, Pearman O, Pencheon D, Phung D, Pye S, Quinn R, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Semenza JC, Sherman J, Shumake-Guillemot J, Tabatabaei M, Taylor J, Trinanes J, Wilkinson P, Costello A, Gong P, Montgomery H. The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate. Lancet 2019; 394:1836-1878. [PMID: 31733928 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Markus Amann
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Nigel Arnell
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Kristine Belesova
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maxwell Boykoff
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Byass
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Jonathan Chambers
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carole Dalin
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meaghan Daly
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Niheer Dasandi
- School of Government, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Drummond
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Dubrow
- Yale Climate Change and Health Initiative, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew Eckelman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Ekins
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luis E Escobar
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Paul Haggar
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian Hamilton
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Hartinger
- The Integrated Development, Health and Environment Unit, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jeremy Hess
- Centre for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ilan Kelman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Tord Kjellstrom
- Health and Environment International Trust, Nelson, New Zealand
| | | | - Bruno Lemke
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Yang Liu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa Lott
- Center on Global Energy Policy School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Mark Maslin
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy McAllister
- History and Society Division, Babson College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Alice McGushin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kris Murray
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Maria Nilsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tara Neville
- Department of Public Health and the Environment, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Fereidoon Owfi
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olivia Pearman
- Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Dung Phung
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Steve Pye
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Quinn
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mahnaz Rabbaniha
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elizabeth Robinson
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan C Semenza
- Scientific Assessment Section, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jodi Sherman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Jonathon Taylor
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquin Trinanes
- Physical Oceanography Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anthony Costello
- Office of the Vice Provost for Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Institute for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, UK
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39
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Waldner F, Horan H, Chen Y, Hochman Z. High temporal resolution of leaf area data improves empirical estimation of grain yield. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15714. [PMID: 31673050 PMCID: PMC6823387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical yield estimation from satellite data has long lacked suitable combinations of spatial and temporal resolutions. Consequently, the selection of metrics, i.e., temporal descriptors that predict grain yield, has likely been driven by practicality and data availability rather than by systematic targetting of critically sensitive periods as suggested by knowledge of crop physiology. The current trend towards hyper-temporal data raises two questions: How does temporality affect the accuracy of empirical models? Which metrics achieve optimal performance? We followed an in silico approach based on crop modelling which can generate any observation frequency, explore a range of growing conditions and reduce the cost of measuring yields in situ. We simulated wheat crops across Australia and regressed six types of metrics derived from the resulting time series of Leaf Area Index (LAI) against wheat yields. Empirical models using advanced LAI metrics achieved national relevance and, contrary to simple metrics, did not benefit from the addition of weather information. This suggests that they already integrate most climatic effects on yield. Simple metrics remained the best choice when LAI data are sparse. As we progress into a data-rich era, our results support a shift towards metrics that truly harness the temporal dimension of LAI data.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Waldner
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia.
| | - Heidi Horan
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Yang Chen
- CSIRO Data61, Underwood Avenue, Goods Shed North, 34 Village St, Victoria, 3008, Australia
| | - Zvi Hochman
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
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40
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Posch BC, Kariyawasam BC, Bramley H, Coast O, Richards RA, Reynolds MP, Trethowan R, Atkin OK. Exploring high temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration to improve heat tolerance in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5051-5069. [PMID: 31145793 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures account for major wheat yield losses annually and, as the climate continues to warm, these losses will probably increase. Both photosynthesis and respiration are the main determinants of carbon balance and growth in wheat, and both are sensitive to high temperature. Wheat is able to acclimate photosynthesis and respiration to high temperature, and thus reduce the negative affects on growth. The capacity to adjust these processes to better suit warmer conditions stands as a potential avenue toward reducing heat-induced yield losses in the future. However, much remains to be learnt about such phenomena. Here, we review what is known of high temperature tolerance in wheat, focusing predominantly on the high temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration. We also identify the many unknowns that surround this area, particularly with respect to the high temperature response of wheat respiration and the consequences of this for growth and yield. It is concluded that further investigation into the response of photosynthesis and respiration to high temperature could present several methods of improving wheat high temperature tolerance. Extending our knowledge in this area could also lead to more immediate benefits, such as the enhancement of current crop models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Posch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Buddhima C Kariyawasam
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Helen Bramley
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture & School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW, Australia
| | - Onoriode Coast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Matthew P Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard Trethowan
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture & School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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41
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Zhang Y, Beggs PJ, Bambrick H, Berry HL, Linnenluecke MK, Trueck S, Alders R, Bi P, Boylan SM, Green D, Guo Y, Hanigan IC, Hanna EG, Malik A, Morgan GG, Stevenson M, Tong S, Watts N, Capon AG. The MJA-Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Australian policy inaction threatens lives. Med J Aust 2019; 209:474. [PMID: 30521429 DOI: 10.5694/mja18.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate plays an important role in human health and it is well established that climate change can have very significant impacts in this regard. In partnership with The Lancet and the MJA, we present the inaugural Australian Countdown assessment of progress on climate change and health. This comprehensive assessment examines 41 indicators across five broad sections: climate change impacts, exposures and vulnerability; adaptation, planning and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. These indicators and the methods used for each are largely consistent with those of the Lancet Countdown global assessment published in October 2017, but with an Australian focus. Significant developments include the addition of a new indicator on mental health. Overall, we find that Australia is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change on health, and that policy inaction in this regard threatens Australian lives. In a number of respects, Australia has gone backwards and now lags behind other high income countries such as Germany and the United Kingdom. Examples include the persistence of a very high carbon-intensive energy system in Australia, and its slow transition to renewables and low carbon electricity generation. However, we also find some examples of good progress, such as heatwave response planning. Given the overall poor state of progress on climate change and health in Australia, this country now has an enormous opportunity to take action and protect human health and lives. Australia has the technical knowhow and intellect to do this, and our annual updates of this assessment will track Australia's engagement with and progress on this vitally important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Paul J Beggs
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Helen L Berry
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | | | - Stefan Trueck
- Department of Applied Finance, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW
| | - Robyn Alders
- International Rural Poultry Centre, Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA
| | | | - Donna Green
- Climate Change Research Centre, ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Ivan C Hanigan
- University Centre for Rural Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Elizabeth G Hanna
- Climate Change Institute, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Arunima Malik
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Geoffrey G Morgan
- University Centre for Rural Health, University of Sydney, Lismore, NSW
| | - Mark Stevenson
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Shilu Tong
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nick Watts
- Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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42
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Historical reconstruction unveils the risk of mass mortality and ecosystem collapse during pancontinental megadrought. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15580-15589. [PMID: 31308227 PMCID: PMC6681765 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902046116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An important new hypothesis in landscape ecology is that extreme, decade-scale megadroughts can be potent drivers of rapid, macroscale ecosystem degradation and collapse. If true, an increase in such events under climate change could have devastating consequences for global biodiversity. However, because few megadroughts have occurred in the modern ecological era, the taxonomic breadth, trophic depth, and geographic pattern of these impacts remain unknown. Here we use ecohistorical techniques to quantify the impact of a record, pancontinental megadrought period (1891 to 1903 CE) on the Australian biota. We show that during this event mortality and severe stress was recorded in >45 bird, mammal, fish, reptile, and plant families in arid, semiarid, dry temperate, and Mediterranean ecosystems over at least 2.8 million km2 (36%) of the Australian continent. Trophic analysis reveals a bottom-up pattern of mortality concentrated in primary producer, herbivore, and omnivore guilds. Spatial and temporal reconstruction of premortality rainfall shows that mass mortality and synchronous ecosystem-wide collapse emerged in multiple geographic hotspots after 2 to 4 y of severe (>40%) and intensifying rainfall deficits. However, the presence of hyperabundant herbivores significantly increased the sensitivity of ecosystems to overgrazing-induced meltdown and permanent ecosystem change. The unprecedented taxonomic breadth and spatial scale of these impacts demonstrate that continental-scale megadroughts pose a major future threat to global biodiversity, especially in ecosystems affected by intensive agricultural use, trophic simplification, and invasive species.
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43
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Watts N, Gong P, Campbell-Lendrum D, Costello A, Robinson E. Health and climate change - Authors' reply. Lancet 2019; 393:2197-2198. [PMID: 31162076 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Anthony Costello
- Office of the Vice-Provost (Research), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Robinson
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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44
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Climate change has likely already affected global food production. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217148. [PMID: 31150427 PMCID: PMC6544233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop yields are projected to decrease under future climate conditions, and recent research suggests that yields have already been impacted. However, current impacts on a diversity of crops subnationally and implications for food security remains unclear. Here, we constructed linear regression relationships using weather and reported crop data to assess the potential impact of observed climate change on the yields of the top ten global crops–barley, cassava, maize, oil palm, rapeseed, rice, sorghum, soybean, sugarcane and wheat at ~20,000 political units. We find that the impact of global climate change on yields of different crops from climate trends ranged from -13.4% (oil palm) to 3.5% (soybean). Our results show that impacts are mostly negative in Europe, Southern Africa and Australia but generally positive in Latin America. Impacts in Asia and Northern and Central America are mixed. This has likely led to ~1% average reduction (-3.5 X 1013 kcal/year) in consumable food calories in these ten crops. In nearly half of food insecure countries, estimated caloric availability decreased. Our results suggest that climate change has already affected global food production.
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45
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Trend Analysis of Temperature and Precipitation Extremes during Winter Wheat Growth Period in the Major Winter Wheat Planting Area of China. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the major winter wheat planting area of China is selected as the study area, with the time scale of the growth period of winter wheat (a total of 56 growth periods during October 1961 to May 2016). The significance, stability, magnitude of the trend and the average trend of the study area with eight temperature indices and seven precipitation indices of 453 meteorological stations are tested by Mann–Kendall method and Sen’s nonparametric method. The following observation can be made: (1) the cold extreme indices show strong and stable downward trend in most of the stations in the study area, while the hot extreme indices show a strong and stable upward trend, especially in the northern winter wheat planting area and the north of the southern winter wheat planting area. (2) The trends of extreme precipitation indices in most of the sites in the study area are insignificant and unstable. Only in R20mm, a significant and stable decreasing trend is shown in some stations, which is mainly located in the northern winter wheat planting area and part of the central and western regions in the study area. The results in some ways could enrich the references for understanding the climate change in the growth period of winter wheat in the region and help to formulate a better agronomic management practice of winter wheat.
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46
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Méndez-Espinoza AM, Romero-Bravo S, Estrada F, Garriga M, Lobos GA, Castillo D, Matus I, Aranjuelo I, del Pozo A. Exploring Agronomic and Physiological Traits Associated With the Differences in Productivity Between Triticale and Bread Wheat in Mediterranean Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:404. [PMID: 31024582 PMCID: PMC6460938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Mediterranean climates soil water deficit occurs mainly during the spring and summer, having a great impact on cereal productivity. While previous studies have indicated that the grain yield (GY) of triticale is usually higher than bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), comparatively little is known about the performance of these crops under water-limited conditions or the physiological traits involved in the different yields of both crops. For this purpose, two sets of experiments were conducted in order to compare a high yielding triticale (cv. Aguacero) and spring wheat (cvs. Pandora and Domo). The first experiment, aiming to analyze the agronomic performance, was carried out in 10 sites located across a wide range of Mediterranean and temperate environments, distributed between 33°34' and 38°41' S. The second experiment, aiming to identify potential physiological traits linked to the different yields of the two crops, was conducted in two Mediterranean sites (Cauquenes and Santa Rosa) in which crops were grown under well-watered (WW) and water-limited (WL) conditions. The relationship between GY and the environmental index revealed that triticale exhibited a higher regression coefficient (Finlay and Wilkinson slope), indicating a more stable response to the environment, accompanied by higher yields than bread wheat. Harvest index was not significantly different between the two cereals, but triticale had higher kernels per spike (35%) and 1000 kernel weight (16%) than wheat, despite a lower number of spikes per square meter. The higher yield of triticale was linked to higher values of chlorophyll content, leaf net photosynthesis (An), the maximum rate of electron transport (ETRmax), the photochemical quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] and leaf water-use efficiency. GY was positively correlated with Ci at anthesis and Δ13C in both species, as well as with gs at anthesis in triticale, but negatively correlated with non-photochemical fluorescence quenching and quantum yield of non-photochemical energy conversion at grain filling in wheat. These results revealed that triticale presented higher photosynthetic rates that contributed to increase plant growth and yield in the different environments, whereas wheat showed higher photoprotection system in detriment of assimilate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Méndez-Espinoza
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sebastián Romero-Bravo
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Curicó, Chile
| | - Félix Estrada
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Miguel Garriga
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gustavo A. Lobos
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario-DI, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Dalma Castillo
- CRI-Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillán, Chile
| | - Iván Matus
- CRI-Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillán, Chile
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Alejandro del Pozo
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Xin Y, Tao F. Optimizing genotype-environment-management interactions to enhance productivity and eco-efficiency for wheat-maize rotation in the North China Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:480-492. [PMID: 30447587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural production is facing unprecedented challenges to ensure food security by increasing productivity and in the meantime lowering environmental risk, especially in China. To enhance productivity and eco-efficiency of the typical winter wheat-summer maize rotation simultaneously in the North China Plain (NCP), we optimized the Genotype (G) × Environment (E) × Management (M) interactions to propose the optimal agronomic management practices and cultivars for four representative sites, with the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) model and detailed field trial data. The results showed that an appropriate delay in sowing date could mitigate climatic negative effects and a proper increase in sowing density could increase yield. The optimal nitrogen application rate could be 180 kg N ha-1 year-1 for maize. For the cropping system, 240 mm of irrigation for wheat and 330-390 kg N ha-1 year-1 of nitrogen application rate (150-210 kg N ha-1 year-1 for wheat and 180 kg N ha-1 year-1 for maize) were suitable to sustain high yield, resource use efficiency, and lower N2O emissions. These recommended levels were, respectively, 40% less than the current irrigation and N application rate commonly used by local farmers. The recommended management practices could increase groundwater recharge while reducing nitrogen leaching and N2O emissions without reducing yield. The maize cultivars with a long growth duration, large grain number and grain-filling rate are desirable. The desirable wheat cultivars are characterized with a medium vernalization sensitivity and high grain filling rate. The present study demonstrated an effective approach to develop sustainable intensification options for producing more with less environmental costs through optimizing G × E × M interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fulu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Herrera JM, Levy Häner L, Mascher F, Hiltbrunner J, Fossati D, Brabant C, Charles R, Pellet D. Lessons From 20 Years of Studies of Wheat Genotypes in Multiple Environments and Under Contrasting Production Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1745. [PMID: 32063910 PMCID: PMC6997878 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Identifying opportunities and limitations for closing yield gaps is essential for setting right the efforts dedicated to improve germplasm and agronomic practices. This study analyses genotypes × environments interaction (G × E), genetic progress, and grain yield stability under contrasting production systems. For this, we analyzed datasets obtained from three Swiss trial-networks of winter wheat that were designed to evaluate genotypes under organic farming conditions, conventional management with low-inputs (150 kg nitrogen (N) ha-1 with no fungicide application) and conventional management with high-inputs (170 kg N ha-1 with fungicide application). The datasets covered the periods from 1998 to 2018 for organic and conventional management with low-inputs and from 2008 to 2018 for conventional management with high-inputs. The trial-networks evaluated each year an average of 36 winter wheat genotypes that included released varieties, advanced breeding lines, and lines for registration and post-registration in Switzerland. We investigated within each trial-network the influence of years, genotypes, environments and their interactions on the total variance in grain yield and grain N concentration using variance components analyses. We further applied mixed models with regression features to dissect genetic components due to breeding efforts from non-genetic components. The genotype as a single factor or as a factor interacting with the environment or the year (G × E, G × year, and G × E × year) explained 13% (organic), 20% (conventional low-inputs), and 24% (conventional high-inputs) of the variance in grain yield, while the corresponding values for grain N concentration were 29%, 25%, and 32%. Grain yield has stagnated since 1990 for conventional systems while the trend under organic management was slightly negative. The dissection of a genetic component from the grain yield trends under conventional management showed that genetic improvements contributed with 0.58 and 0.68 t ha-1 y-1 with low- and high- inputs, respectively. In contrast, a significant genetic source in the grain yield trend under organic management was not detected. Therefore, breeding efforts have been less effective on the wheat productivity for organic farming conditions than for conventional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Herrera
- Varieties and Production Techniques, Plants and Plant Products, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Juan M. Herrera,
| | - Lilia Levy Häner
- Varieties and Production Techniques, Plants and Plant Products, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Mascher
- Field-Crop Breeding and Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hiltbrunner
- Varieties and Production Techniques, Plants and Plant Products, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Dario Fossati
- Field-Crop Breeding and Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Brabant
- Field-Crop Breeding and Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Charles
- Team Suisse Romande, FiBL, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Pellet
- Varieties and Production Techniques, Plants and Plant Products, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
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Chen S, Guo Y, Sirault X, Stefanova K, Saradadevi R, Turner NC, Nelson MN, Furbank RT, Siddique KHM, Cowling WA. Nondestructive Phenomic Tools for the Prediction of Heat and Drought Tolerance at Anthesis in Brassica Species. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2019; 2019:3264872. [PMID: 33313525 PMCID: PMC7718632 DOI: 10.34133/2019/3264872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed Brassica species are vulnerable to heat and drought stress, especially in the early reproductive stage. We evaluated plant imaging of whole plant and flower tissue, leaf stomatal conductance, leaf and bud temperature, photochemical reflectance index, quantum yield of photosynthesis, and leaf gas exchange for their suitability to detect tolerance to heat (H) and/or drought (D) stress treatments in 12 Brassica genotypes (G). A replicated factorial experiment was set up with 7 d of stress treatment from the beginning of anthesis with various levels of three factors H, D, and G. Most phenomics tools detected plant stress as indicated by significant main effects of H, D, and H×D. Whole plant volume was highly correlated with fresh weight changes, suggesting that whole plant imaging may be a useful surrogate for fresh weight in future studies. Vcmax, the maximum carboxylation rate of photosynthesis, increased rapidly on day 1 in H and H+D treatments, and there were significant interactions of G×H and G×D. Vcmax of genotypes on day 1 in H and H+D treatments was positively correlated with their harvested seed yield. Vcmax on day 1 and day 3 were clustered with seed yield in H and H+D treatments as shown in the heatmaps of genotypic correlations. TPU, the rate of triose phosphate use, also showed significant positive genotypic correlations with seed yield in H+D treatments. Flower volume showed significant interactions of G×H and G×D on day 7, and flower volume of genotypes on day 7 in H was positively correlated with their harvested seed yield. There were few interactions of G×H or G×D for leaf stomatal conductance, leaf and bud temperature, photochemical reflectance index, and quantum yield of photosynthesis. Vcmax, TPU, and volume of flowers are potential nondestructive phenomic traits for heat or combined heat and drought stress tolerance screening in Brassica germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Yiming Guo
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Xavier Sirault
- High Resolution Plant Phenomics Centre, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Katia Stefanova
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Renu Saradadevi
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Neil C. Turner
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Matthew N. Nelson
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Robert T. Furbank
- High Resolution Plant Phenomics Centre, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Wallace A. Cowling
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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50
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Yunusa IA, Zerihun A, Gibberd MR. Analysis of the nexus between population, water resources and Global Food Security highlights significance of governance and research investments and policy priorities. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5764-5775. [PMID: 29749117 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analyses of sensitivity of Global Food Security (FS) score to a key set of supply or demand factors often suggest population and water supply as being the most critical and on which policies tend to focus. To explore other policy options, we characterized the nexus between GFS and a set of supply or demand factors including population, agricultural and industrial water uses, agricultural publications (as a surrogate for investment in agricultural research and development (R&D)) and corruption perception index (CPI), to reveal opportunities for attaining enduring GFS. RESULTS We found that despite being the primary driver of demand for food, population showed no significant correlation with FS scores. Similarly, agricultural water use was poorly correlated with GFS scores, except in countries where evaporation exceeds precipitation and irrigation is significant. However, FS had a strong positive association with industrial water use as a surrogate for overall industrialization. Recent expansions in cultivated land area failed to yield concomitant improvements in FS score since such expansions have been mostly into marginal lands with low productivity and thus barely compensated for lands retired from cropping in several developed economies. However, FS was positively associated with agricultural R&D investments, as it was with the CPI scores. The apparent and relative strengths of these drivers on FS outcome amongst countries were in the order: industrial water-use ≈ publication rate ≈ corruption perception ≫ agricultural water use > population. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that to enshrine enduring food security, policies should prioritize (1) increased R&D investments that address farmer needs and (2) governance mechanisms that promote accountability in both research and production value chains. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Am Yunusa
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Panorama Avenue, Bathurst NSW, Australia
| | - Ayalsew Zerihun
- Curtin University, Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark R Gibberd
- Curtin University, Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Perth, Australia
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