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Wang C, Rahman MM, Siddik AB, Wen ZG, Sobhani FA. Exploring the synergy of logistics, finance, and technology on innovation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21918. [PMID: 39300197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
As global environmental challenges intensify, manufacturing firms face increasing pressure to innovate sustainably. Green innovation, characterized by the development of environmentally friendly products, processes, and technologies, has become essential for firms striving to remain competitive. This study aims to investigate the influence of key factors-green logistics, green finance, and green technology-on green innovation within manufacturing firms, while exploring the mediating role of green technology in these relationships. A multi-method approach was employed, combining partial least squares structural equation modeling, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, and necessity condition analysis. 447 responses were collected from manufacturing companies in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, using structured questionnaires. The analysis revealed that green logistics and green finance have a significant positive impact on green innovation, while the influence of the green work environment was found to be positive but statistically insignificant. Additionally, green technology was identified as a significant mediator in the relationships between green finance, green logistics, and green innovation. This study offers a comprehensive green innovation model while green technology is a mediator. Furthermore, this study advances the resource-based view theory by integrating green technology as a pivotal resource that enhances a firm's competitive advantage in sustainable markets. By adopting a multi-method approach, this research provides a rigorous examination of the research questions, offering a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic interactions between green finance, green logistics, and green technology in driving innovation. Thus, this research has thought provoking implications to prioritize investments in green finance, logistics, and technology, manufacturing firms can enhance their competitiveness, improve operational efficiency, and meet evolving environmental regulations and consumer preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Wang
- College of E-Commerce and Logistics, Henan Polytechnic, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan Province, China
| | - Md Mominur Rahman
- Bangladesh Institute of Governance and Management (BIGM), University of Dhaka (Affiliated), Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Abu Bakkar Siddik
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zheng Guang Wen
- School of Economics and Management, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Farid Ahammad Sobhani
- School of Business and Economics, United International University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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2
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Wang G, Wang Y, Li S, Yi Y, Li C, Shin C. Sustainability in Global Agri-Food Supply Chains: Insights from a Comprehensive Literature Review and the ABCDE Framework. Foods 2024; 13:2914. [PMID: 39335843 PMCID: PMC11431211 DOI: 10.3390/foods13182914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The sustainability of global agricultural produce supply chains is crucial for ensuring global food security, fostering environmental protection, and advancing socio-economic development. This study integrates bibliometric analysis, knowledge mapping, and the ABCDE framework to conduct a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of 742 relevant articles from the Web of Science core database spanning January 2009 to July 2023. Initially, bibliometric analysis and knowledge mapping reveal the annual progression of research on the sustainability of global agricultural produce supply chains, the collaborative networks among research institutions and authors, and the geographic distribution of research activities worldwide, successfully pinpointing the current research focal points. Subsequently, the ABCDE framework, constructed from the quantitative findings, helps us identify and comprehend the antecedents, barriers and challenges, impacts, and driving forces affecting the sustainability of these supply chains. The study identifies globalization and technological advancement as the primary forces shaping the sustainability of agricultural produce supply chains, despite them also posing challenges such as resource constraints and environmental pressures. Moreover, the application of innovative technologies, the optimization of organizational models, and active stakeholder engagement are key to propelling supply chains toward more sustainable development, exerting a profound impact on society, the environment, and the economy. In conclusion, this study suggests future research directions. The integrated methodology presented offers new perspectives and deep insights into the complexities of sustainable global agricultural produce supply chains, demonstrating its potential to foster knowledge innovation and practical applications, providing valuable insights for academic research and policy formulation in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Wang
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuai Li
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yang Yi
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chenming Li
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Changhoon Shin
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
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3
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Rosenstock TS, Steward P, Joshi N, Lamanna C, Namoi N, Muller L, Akinleye AO, Atieno E, Bell P, Champalle C, English W, Eyrich AS, Gitau A, Kagwiria D, Kamau H, Madalinska A, Manda L, McFatridge S, Mumo E, Nduah A, Ombewa B, Poultouchidou A, Rioux J, Richards M, Shuck J, Ström H, Tully K. Effects of changing farming practices in African agriculture. Sci Data 2024; 11:958. [PMID: 39227609 PMCID: PMC11372062 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Information on the effects of changing agricultural management on crop and livestock performance is critical for developing evidence-based policies, investments, and programs. Evidence for Resilient Agriculture (ERA) v1.0.1 presents a dataset that harmonizes and aggregates 112,859 observations from 2,011 agricultural studies taken place in Africa between 1934 and 2018. The dataset includes information on the effect of 364 combinations of management practices and technologies on 87 environmental, social, and economic indicators of outcomes. Observations are geolocated and temporally tagged and thus can be linked to other datasets such as historical weather, soil properties, and road networks. ERA offers a new resource for understanding the impacts of changing farming practices under diverse environmental contexts, providing data to support strategic interventions aimed to enhance productivity, resilience, and sustainability of African agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd S Rosenstock
- Bioversity International, 1990 Boulevard de la Lironde, 34987, Montpellier, France.
- Previously: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS), UN Avenue, PO Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Previously: World Agroforestry Centre, UN Avenue, PO Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.
| | - Peter Steward
- Previously: World Agroforestry Centre, UN Avenue, PO Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) P.O. Box 823 - 00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Namita Joshi
- Previously: World Agroforestry Centre, UN Avenue, PO Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) P.O. Box 823 - 00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Nictor Namoi
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, N-309 Turner Hall. 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Lolita Muller
- Bioversity International, 1990 Boulevard de la Lironde, 34987, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Erica Atieno
- Previously: World Agroforestry Centre, UN Avenue, PO Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- African Centre for Technology Studies, ICIPE Duduville Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick Bell
- One Acre Fund, P. O. Box 28777 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Clara Champalle
- Ouranos Regional Climatology and Adaptation to Climate Change Research Consortium, 550 Rue Sherbrooke W., H3A 1B9, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - William English
- Nordic Beet Research Foundation (NBR), Borgeby Slottväg 11, 23791, Bjärred, Sweden
| | - Anna-Sarah Eyrich
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 200 Bd Sacré-Coeur, Gatineau, Quebec, J8X 4C6, Canada
| | - Angela Gitau
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | | | - Hannah Kamau
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3-D, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Lucas Manda
- Global Communities, P. O. Box, 1933, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Scott McFatridge
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 200 Bd Sacré-Coeur, Gatineau, Quebec, J8X 4C6, Canada
| | - Elijah Mumo
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) P.O. Box 823 - 00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alex Nduah
- Previously: World Agroforestry Centre, UN Avenue, PO Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) P.O. Box 823 - 00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Babra Ombewa
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) P.O. Box 823 - 00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anatoli Poultouchidou
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - Janie Rioux
- International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Via Paolo di Dono 44, 00142, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Julia Shuck
- Costco Wholesale, 999 Lake Drive D363, Issaquah, WA, 98027, USA
| | - Helena Ström
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8315, Lindau, Switzerland
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Urugo MM, Teka TA, Gemede HF, Mersha S, Tessema A, Woldemariam HW, Admassu H. A comprehensive review of current approaches on food waste reduction strategies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e70011. [PMID: 39223762 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.70011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Food waste is a serious worldwide issue that has an impact on the environment, society, and economy. This comprehensive review provides a detailed description of methods and approaches for reducing food waste, emphasizing the necessity of comprehensive strategies to tackle its intricate relationship with environmental sustainability, social equity, and economic prosperity. By scrutinizing the extent and impact of food waste, from initial production stages to final disposal, this comprehensive review underlines the urgent need for integrated solutions that include technological advancements, behavioral interventions, regulatory frameworks, and collaborative endeavors. Environmental assessments highlight the significant contribution of food waste to greenhouse gas emissions, land degradation, water scarcity, and energy inefficiency, thereby emphasizing the importance of curtailing its environmental impact. Concurrently, the social and economic consequences of food waste, such as food insecurity, economic losses, and disparities in food access, underscore the imperative for coordinated action across multiple sectors. Food waste can also be effectively reduced by various innovative approaches, such as technological waste reduction solutions, supply chain optimization strategies, consumer behavior-focused initiatives, and waste recovery and recycling techniques. Furthermore, in order to foster an environment that encourages the reduction of food waste and facilitates the transition to a circular economy, legislative changes and regulatory actions are essential. By embracing these multifaceted strategies and approaches, stakeholders can unite to confront the global food waste crisis, thereby fostering resilience, sustainability, and social equity within our food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Makiso Urugo
- Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Wachemo University, Hosaina, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun A Teka
- Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Fikadu Gemede
- Food Technology and Process Engineering Department, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Siwan Mersha
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Wachemo University, Hosaina, Ethiopia
| | - Ararsa Tessema
- Department of Food Engineering, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Henock Woldemichael Woldemariam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Admassu
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Biotechnology and Bioprocessing Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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5
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Han W, Zheng J, Guan J, Liu Y, Liu L, Han C, Li J, Li C, Tian R, Mao X. A greater negative impact of future climate change on vegetation in Central Asia: Evidence from trajectory/pattern analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119898. [PMID: 39222727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In the context of global warming, vegetation changes exhibit various patterns, yet previous studies have focused primarily on monotonic changes, often overlooking the complexity and diversity of multiple change processes. Therefore, it is crucial to further explore vegetation dynamics and diverse change trajectories in this region under future climate scenarios to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of local ecosystem evolution. In this study, we established an integrated machine learning prediction framework and a vegetation change trajectory recognition framework to predict the dynamics of vegetation in Central Asia under future climate change scenarios and identify its change trajectories, thus revealing the potential impacts of future climate change on vegetation in the region. The findings suggest that various future climate scenarios will negatively affect most vegetation in Central Asia, with vegetation change intensity increasing with increasing emission trajectories. Analyses of different time scales and trend variations consistently revealed more pronounced downward trends. Vegetation change trajectory analysis revealed that most vegetation has undergone nonlinear and dramatic changes, with negative changes outnumbering positive changes and curve changes outnumbering abrupt changes. Under the highest emission scenario (SSP5-8.5), the abrupt vegetation changes and curve changes are 1.7 times and 1.3 times greater, respectively, than those under the SSP1-2.6 scenario. When transitioning from lower emission pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5) to higher emission pathways (SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5), the vegetation change trajectories shift from neutral and negative curve changes to abrupt negative changes. Across climate scenarios, the key climate factors influencing vegetation changes are mostly evapotranspiration and soil moisture, with temperature and relative humidity exerting relatively minor effects. Our study reveals the negative response of vegetation in Central Asia to climate change from the perspective of vegetation dynamics and change trajectories, providing a scientific basis for the development of effective ecological protection and climate adaptation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiang Han
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Jianghua Zheng
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Jingyun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; College of Tourism, Xinjiang University of Finance & Economics, Urumqi, 830012, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Liang Liu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Chuqiao Han
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Congren Li
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Ruikang Tian
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Xurui Mao
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
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Espenberg M, Pille K, Yang B, Maddison M, Abdalla M, Smith P, Li X, Chan PL, Mander Ü. Towards an integrated view on microbial CH 4, N 2O and N 2 cycles in brackish coastal marsh soils: A comparative analysis of two sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170641. [PMID: 38325442 PMCID: PMC10884468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems, facing threats from global change and human activities like excessive nutrients, undergo alterations impacting their function and appearance. This study explores the intertwined microbial cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), encompassing methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitrogen gas (N2) fluxes, to determine nutrient transformation processes between the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in the coastal ecosystems with brackish water. Water salinity negatively impacted denitrification, bacterial nitrification, N fixation, and n-DAMO processes, but did not significantly affect archaeal nitrification, COMAMMOX, DNRA, and ANAMMOX processes in the N cycle. Plant species age and biomass influenced CH4 and N2O emissions. The highest CH4 emissions were from old Spartina and mixed Spartina and Scirpus sites, while Phragmites sites emitted the most N2O. Nitrification and incomplete denitrification mainly governed N2O emissions depending on the environmental conditions and plants. The higher genetic potential of ANAMMOX reduced excessive N by converting it to N2 in the sites with higher average temperatures. The presence of plants led to a decrease in the N fixers' abundance. Plant biomass negatively affected methanogenetic mcrA genes. Microbes involved in n-DAMO processes helped mitigate CH4 emissions. Over 93 % of the total climate forcing came from CH4 emissions, except for the Chinese bare site where the climate forcing was negative, and for Phragmites sites, where almost 60 % of the climate forcing came from N2O emissions. Our findings indicate that nutrient cycles, CH4, and N2O fluxes in soils are context-dependent and influenced by environmental factors and vegetation. This underscores the need for empirical analysis of both C and N cycles at various levels (soil-plant-atmosphere) to understand how habitats or plants affect nutrient cycles and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikk Espenberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - Kristin Pille
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Martin Maddison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mohamed Abdalla
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Lung Chan
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ülo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Feng S, Zhao W, Yan J, Xia F, Pereira P. Land degradation neutrality assessment and factors influencing it in China's arid and semiarid regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171735. [PMID: 38494018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The ecosystems in China's arid and semiarid regions are notably fragile and experiencing dramatic land degradation. At the 12th Conference of the Parties (COP12) to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in October 2015, a definition for land degradation neutrality (LDN) was proposed and subsequently integrated into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Research on LDN has developed in terms of conceptual framework constructions, quantitative assessments, and empirical studies. However, LDN and its drivers must be clarified in China's arid and semiarid regions since some representative processes have yet to be fully considered in the assessment. Here, we develop an LDN indicator system specialised for the area, assess their LDN status, and determine the impacts of human activities and climate change on LDN. Our research aims to refine the LDN indicator system tailored for China's arid and semiarid regions by incorporating the trends of wind and water erosion. We also identify the influence of human activity and climate change on LDN, which provides insightful strategies for ecological restoration and sustainable development in drylands with climate-sensitive ecosystems. The results show that: (1) In 2020, more than half of areas of China's arid and semiarid regions achieved LDN, with more pronounced success in the southeastern areas compared to the central regions. (2) For LDN drivers, elevation shows negligible influence on LDN, whereas increased temperature promotes LDN achievement. Conversely, factors like vapour pressure deficit and v-direction wind speed hinder it. In conclusion, China's arid and semiarid regions achieved LDN, and the dominant factor that substantially influences LDN varies across geographical zones, with higher wind speeds and elevated GDP levels generally obstructing LDN in most areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Feng
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wenwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jinming Yan
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Fangzhou Xia
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Roy P, Pal SC, Chakrabortty R, Chowdhuri I, Saha A, Ruidas D, Islam ARMT, Islam A. Climate change and geo-environmental factors influencing desertification: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32432-9. [PMID: 38372926 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The problem of desertification (DSF) is one of the most severe environmental disasters which influence the overall condition of the environment. In Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit on Environment and Development (1922), DSF is defined as arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid induced LD and that is adopted at the UNEP's Nairobi ad hoc meeting in 1977. It has been seen that there is no variability in the trend of long-term rainfall, but the change has been found in the variability of temperature (avg. temp. 0-5 °C). There is no proof that the air pollution brought on by CO2 and other warming gases is the cause of this rise, which seems to be partially caused by urbanization. The two types of driving factors in DSF-CC (climate change) along with anthropogenic influences-must be compared in order to work and take action to stop DSF from spreading. The proportional contributions of human activity and CC to DSF have been extensively evaluated in this work from "qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative" perspectives. In this study, we have tried to connect the drives of desertification to desertification-induced migration due to loss of biodiversity and agriculture failure. The authors discovered that several of the issues from the earlier studies persisted. The policy-makers should follow the proper SLM (soil and land management) through using the land. The afforestation with social forestry and consciousness among the people can reduce the spreading of the desertification (Badapalli et al. 2023). The green wall is also playing an important role to reduce the desertification. For instance, it was clear that assessments were subjective; they could not be readily replicated, and they always relied on administrative areas rather than being taken and displayed in a continuous space. This research is trying to fulfill the mentioned research gap with the help of the existing literatures related to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Roy
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Subodh Chandra Pal
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| | - Rabin Chakrabortty
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Indrajit Chowdhuri
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Asish Saha
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Dipankar Ruidas
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh
- Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Aznarul Islam
- Department of Geography, Aliah University, 17 Gorachand Road, Kolkata, 700014, West Bengal, India
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9
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Deng X, Teng F, Chen M, Du Z, Wang B, Li R, Wang P. Exploring negative emission potential of biochar to achieve carbon neutrality goal in China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1085. [PMID: 38316787 PMCID: PMC10844326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Limiting global warming to within 1.5 °C might require large-scale deployment of premature negative emission technologies with potentially adverse effects on the key sustainable development goals. Biochar has been proposed as an established technology for carbon sequestration with co-benefits in terms of soil quality and crop yield. However, the considerable uncertainties that exist in the potential, cost, and deployment strategies of biochar systems at national level prevent its deployment in China. Here, we conduct a spatially explicit analysis to investigate the negative emission potential, economics, and priority deployment sites of biochar derived from multiple feedstocks in China. Results show that biochar has negative emission potential of up to 0.92 billion tons of CO2 per year with an average net cost of US$90 per ton of CO2 in a sustainable manner, which could satisfy the negative emission demands in most mitigation scenarios compatible with China's target of carbon neutrality by 2060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Deng
- Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Minpeng Chen
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Zhangliu Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Renqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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10
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Ahmad WS, Kaloop MR, Jamal S, Taqi M, Hu JW, Abd El-Hamid H. An analysis of LULC changes for understanding the impact of anthropogenic activities on food security: a case study of Dudhganga watershed, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:105. [PMID: 38158499 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Although the Dudhganga watershed is the primary water and food resource of the Kashmir Valley, it has undergone significant changes in food resources and strategies due to rampant urbanization in the area over the past 20 years. This urbanization has had a profound impact on the watershed and has also affected land use and land cover (LULC) patterns and environmental changes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of urban development on food security parameters in the Dudhganga watershed area, India, from 2000 to 2020, by evaluating LULC changes. Additionally, the study aims to examine the relationship between climate changes and LULC indices, such as the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The results indicate a 21.66% increase in barren areas, at the expense of snow-covered lands, during the 2000-2020 period. The primary land cover transition observed is towards barren areas. The predictions for LULC in 2030 highlight the need for careful management of land use and climate changes in the study area. This study can assist local government officials in reassessing food strategies by identifying areas where urban expansion should be controlled and climate impacts minimized, to prevent local hunger and ecological degradation. Therefore, the development of systematic urban planning approaches and mitigation of climate change sources are crucial. Furthermore, the adoption of advanced agricultural technology should be considered to mitigate the impact of urban expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mosbeh R Kaloop
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Incheon Disaster Prevention Research Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Public Works Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Digital InnoCent Ltd., London, United Kingdom
| | - Saleha Jamal
- Department of Geography, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Taqi
- Department of Geography, University of Ladakh, Ladakh, India
| | - Jong Wan Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
- Incheon Disaster Prevention Research Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
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11
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Bartl K, Mogrovejo P, Dueñas A, Quispe I. Cradle-to-grave environmental analysis of an alpaca fiber sweater produced in Peru. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167023. [PMID: 37717767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Animal fibers are an important raw material for the fashion industry but have recently been discussed due to the environmental impacts related to their production. In order to provide scientific information for decision-making in the Peruvian alpaca sector a cradle to grave carbon footprint of one (01) wear of a 100 % alpaca fiber sweater has been conducted. For the modeling of the fiber procurement stage primary data regarding livestock management and annual production parameters were obtained from interviews with 42 Peruvian alpaca herders from the main producing regions in South and Central Peru. Data for the processing stages (spinning and dyeing, knitting and weaving) were collected by means of interviews and questionnaires from three alpaca fashion companies in Arequipa and Lima. The distribution, use, and end-of-life stages were modeled with secondary data. The resulting carbon footprint of one wear of the alpaca fiber sweater is 0.449 kg CO2 equivalents (CO2e). Most emissions occur during the lifecycle stages of fiber production and distribution (70 % and 14 % of CO2e emissions, respectively). Methane emissions from enteric fermentation account for 87 % of the impact within the fiber procurement stage. The environmental impacts during the distribution stage were dominated by retailing and road transport in the destination countries and export by air and sea (53.1 % and 46.4 % of carbon emissions in this stage, respectively). Other life cycle stages were found to be less relevant emission sources. The study concluded that the main strategies for impact mitigation should focus on improving the efficiency of the fiber procurement systems. Furthermore, several knowledge gaps have been identified and should be addressed by future research regarding methane emissions associated with the main co-products of the livestock systems, ecosystem services in the Andes and especially Andean wetlands and potential mitigation strategies of greenhouse gases related to different pasture management options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bartl
- Peruvian Life Cycle Assessment and Industrial Ecology Network (PELCAN), Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1801 Avenida Universitaria, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru.
| | - Patricia Mogrovejo
- Peruvian Life Cycle Assessment and Industrial Ecology Network (PELCAN), Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1801 Avenida Universitaria, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru
| | - Alexis Dueñas
- Peruvian Life Cycle Assessment and Industrial Ecology Network (PELCAN), Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1801 Avenida Universitaria, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru
| | - Isabel Quispe
- Peruvian Life Cycle Assessment and Industrial Ecology Network (PELCAN), Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1801 Avenida Universitaria, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru
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12
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Ye W, Ma E, Liao L, Hui Y, Liang S, Ji Y, Yu S. Applicability of photovoltaic panel rainwater harvesting system in improving water-energy-food nexus performance in semi-arid areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:164938. [PMID: 37348707 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Growing food demand challenges the expansion of agriculture, while water and energy shortages have seriously jeopardized agricultural sustainability. Therefore, the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus must be integrated into sustainable agriculture management. However, despite the increasing sophistication of models for WEF optimization, more studies have considered only how to reduce resource consumption and less on how to increase resource supply. This paper outlines an agricultural WEF optimization model based on photovoltaic panel rainwater harvesting (PVRH). The model innovatively incorporates the PVRH system into the agricultural WEF nexus, providing a decision-making framework that exploits and conserves resources in parallel, while contributing to economic benefits. The model was applied in a rural case study in a semi-arid region of China. The results highlight the significant potential of the PVRH system to exploit water and energy, and the increased resources are allocated to irrigated alfalfa and vegetables, which would significantly increase revenue. However, the model does not recommend large-scale vegetable cultivation, which would increase water and energy consumption and reduce the WEF indicator values indicating agricultural sustainability. The final scheme will build a 98.92MWp PV power station, develop 1.31 × 108 kW·h of electricity and 1.97 × 107 m3 of rainwater into agricultural production. And through cropping restructuring, it will increase 23.61 % of economic revenue and save 57.74 % of water and 3.24 % of energy. In general, the model framework is transferable and applicable to similar agricultural areas under semi-arid climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Ye
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Key Laboratory for Urban-Rural Transformation Processes and Effects at Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Enpu Ma
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Key Laboratory for Urban-Rural Transformation Processes and Effects at Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Liuwen Liao
- College of Economics and Management, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Yi'an Hui
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Shiyu Liang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yiwen Ji
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Key Laboratory for Urban-Rural Transformation Processes and Effects at Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Sen Yu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Key Laboratory for Urban-Rural Transformation Processes and Effects at Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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13
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Arneth A, Leadley P, Claudet J, Coll M, Rondinini C, Rounsevell MDA, Shin YJ, Alexander P, Fuchs R. Making protected areas effective for biodiversity, climate and food. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3883-3894. [PMID: 36872638 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The spatial extent of marine and terrestrial protected areas (PAs) was among the most intensely debated issues prior to the decision about the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Positive impacts of PAs on habitats, species diversity and abundance are well documented. Yet, biodiversity loss continues unabated despite efforts to protect 17% of land and 10% of the oceans by 2020. This casts doubt on whether extending PAs to 30%, the agreed target in the Kunming-Montreal GBF, will indeed achieve meaningful biodiversity benefits. Critically, the focus on area coverage obscures the importance of PA effectiveness and overlooks concerns about the impact of PAs on other sustainability objectives. We propose a simple means of assessing and visualising the complex relationships between PA area coverage and effectiveness and their effects on biodiversity conservation, nature-based climate mitigation and food production. Our analysis illustrates how achieving a 30% PA global target could be beneficial for biodiversity and climate. It also highlights important caveats: (i) achieving lofty area coverage objectives alone will be of little benefit without concomitant improvements in effectiveness, (ii) trade-offs with food production particularly for high levels of coverage and effectiveness are likely and (iii) important differences in terrestrial and marine systems need to be recognized when setting and implementing PA targets. The CBD's call for a significant increase in PA will need to be accompanied by clear PA effectiveness goals to reduce and revert dangerous anthropogenic impacts on socio-ecological systems and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Arneth
- KIT, Department of Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- KIT, Department of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paul Leadley
- ESE Laboratory, Université Paris-Saclay/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Orsay, France
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Paris, France
| | - Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Science (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mark D A Rounsevell
- KIT, Department of Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- KIT, Department of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yunne-Jai Shin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Univ Montpellier, IFREMER, CNRS, MARBEC, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter Alexander
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Fuchs
- KIT, Department of Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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14
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Wang Y, Liu L, Cao S, Yu J, Li X, Su Y, Li G, Gao H, Zhao Z. Spatio-temporal variation of soil microplastics as emerging pollutant after long-term application of plastic mulching and organic compost in apple orchards. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121571. [PMID: 37028788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution in agroecosystems have aroused great alarm and widespread concern. However, the spatial distribution and temporal variation characteristics of MPs in apple orchards with long-term plastic mulching and organic compost input are still poorly understood. This study investigated MPs accumulation characteristics and vertical distribution after applying plastic mulch and organic compost in apple orchards for 3 (AO-3), 9 (AO-9), 17 (AO-17), and 26 (AO-26) years on the Loess Plateau. The clear tillage (no plastic mulching and organic composts) area was used as a control (CK). At a soil depth of 0-40 cm, AO-3, AO-9, AO-17, and AO-26 treatments increased the abundances of MPs, and the black fibers and fragments of rayon and polypropylene were dominant. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, the abundances of MPs increased with the treatment time; the abundance was 4333 pieces kg-1 after 26 years of treatment, gradually decreasing with soil depth. In different treatments and soil layers, the percentages of MPs <1000 μm were dominant (>50%). The AO-17 and AO-26 treatments significantly increased the MPs with the size of 0-500 μm at 0-40 cm and the abundances of pellets in 0-60 cm soil. In conclusion, the long-term (≥17 years) application of plastic mulching and organic composts increased the abundances of small particles at 0-40 cm, and plastic mulching contributed the most to MPs, while organic composts increased the complexity and diversity of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Horticultur, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Horticultur, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shan Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Horticultur, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- College of Horticultur, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yating Su
- College of Horticultur, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gaochao Li
- College of Horticultur, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Horticultur, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Horticultur, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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15
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Maes J, Bruzón AG, Barredo JI, Vallecillo S, Vogt P, Rivero IM, Santos-Martín F. Accounting for forest condition in Europe based on an international statistical standard. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3723. [PMID: 37349309 PMCID: PMC10287664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Covering 35% of Europe's land area, forest ecosystems play a crucial role in safeguarding biodiversity and mitigating climate change. Yet, forest degradation continues to undermine key ecosystem services that forests deliver to society. Here we provide a spatially explicit assessment of the condition of forest ecosystems in Europe following a United Nations global statistical standard on ecosystem accounting, adopted in March 2021. We measure forest condition on a scale from 0 to 1, where 0 represents a degraded ecosystem and 1 represents a reference condition based on primary or protected forests. We show that the condition across 44 forest types averaged 0.566 in 2000 and increased to 0.585 in 2018. Forest productivity and connectivity are comparable to levels observed in undisturbed or least disturbed forests. One third of the forest area was subject to declining condition, signalled by a reduction in soil organic carbon, tree cover density and species richness of threatened birds. Our findings suggest that forest ecosystems will need further restoration, improvements in management and an extended period of recovery to approach natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Maes
- European Commission, Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy, Brussels, Belgium
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Adrián G Bruzón
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - José I Barredo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
| | | | - Peter Vogt
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Fernando Santos-Martín
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
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16
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von Jeetze PJ, Weindl I, Johnson JA, Borrelli P, Panagos P, Molina Bacca EJ, Karstens K, Humpenöder F, Dietrich JP, Minoli S, Müller C, Lotze-Campen H, Popp A. Projected landscape-scale repercussions of global action for climate and biodiversity protection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2515. [PMID: 37193693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Land conservation and increased carbon uptake on land are fundamental to achieving the ambitious targets of the climate and biodiversity conventions. Yet, it remains largely unknown how such ambitions, along with an increasing demand for agricultural products, could drive landscape-scale changes and affect other key regulating nature's contributions to people (NCP) that sustain land productivity outside conservation priority areas. By using an integrated, globally consistent modelling approach, we show that ambitious carbon-focused land restoration action and the enlargement of protected areas alone may be insufficient to reverse negative trends in landscape heterogeneity, pollination supply, and soil loss. However, we also find that these actions could be combined with dedicated interventions that support critical NCP and biodiversity conservation outside of protected areas. In particular, our models indicate that conserving at least 20% semi-natural habitat within farmed landscapes could primarily be achieved by spatially relocating cropland outside conservation priority areas, without additional carbon losses from land-use change, primary land conversion or reductions in agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick José von Jeetze
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany.
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Isabelle Weindl
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Justin Andrew Johnson
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, 1940 Buford Ave, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Pasquale Borrelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), IT-21027, Italy
| | - Edna J Molina Bacca
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristine Karstens
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Humpenöder
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Dietrich
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sara Minoli
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hermann Lotze-Campen
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Popp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
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17
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Pörtner HO, Scholes RJ, Arneth A, Barnes DKA, Burrows MT, Diamond SE, Duarte CM, Kiessling W, Leadley P, Managi S, McElwee P, Midgley G, Ngo HT, Obura D, Pascual U, Sankaran M, Shin YJ, Val AL. Overcoming the coupled climate and biodiversity crises and their societal impacts. Science 2023; 380:eabl4881. [PMID: 37079687 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Earth's biodiversity and human societies face pollution, overconsumption of natural resources, urbanization, demographic shifts, social and economic inequalities, and habitat loss, many of which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we review links among climate, biodiversity, and society and develop a roadmap toward sustainability. These include limiting warming to 1.5°C and effectively conserving and restoring functional ecosystems on 30 to 50% of land, freshwater, and ocean "scapes." We envision a mosaic of interconnected protected and shared spaces, including intensively used spaces, to strengthen self-sustaining biodiversity, the capacity of people and nature to adapt to and mitigate climate change, and nature's contributions to people. Fostering interlinked human, ecosystem, and planetary health for a livable future urgently requires bold implementation of transformative policy interventions through interconnected institutions, governance, and social systems from local to global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-O Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - R J Scholes
- Global Change Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Arneth
- Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - D K A Barnes
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - M T Burrows
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll, UK
| | - S E Diamond
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Centre (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - W Kiessling
- Geozentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Leadley
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - S Managi
- Urban Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - P McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - G Midgley
- Global Change Biology Group, Botany and Zoology Department, University of Stellenbosch, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - H T Ngo
- Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Bonn, Germany
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy
| | - D Obura
- Coastal Oceans Research and Development-Indian Ocean (CORDIO) East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya
- Global Climate Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - U Pascual
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque), Bilbao, Spain
- Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Sankaran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Y J Shin
- Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Montpellier, Insititut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - A L Val
- Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, 69080-971 Manaus, Brazil
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18
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McDermid SS, Hayek M, Jamieson DW, Hale G, Kanter D. Research needs for a food system transition. CLIMATIC CHANGE 2023; 176:41. [PMID: 37034009 PMCID: PMC10074344 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-023-03507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The global food system, and animal agriculture in particular, is a major and growing contributor to climate change, land system change, biodiversity loss, water consumption and contamination, and environmental pollution. The copious production and consumption of animal products are also contributing to increasingly negative public health outcomes, particularly in wealthy and rapidly industrializing countries, and result in the slaughter of trillions of animals each year. These impacts are motivating calls for reduced reliance on animal-based products and increased use of replacement plant-based products. However, our understanding of how the production and consumption of animal products, as well as plant-based alternatives, interact with important dimensions of human and environment systems is incomplete across space and time. This inhibits comprehensively envisioning global and regional food system transitions and planning to manage the costs and synergies thereof. We therefore propose a cross-disciplinary research agenda on future target-based scenarios for food system transformation that has at its core three main activities: (1) data collection and analysis at the intersection of animal agriculture, the environment, and societal well-being, (2) the construction of target-based scenarios for animal products informed by these new data and empirical understandings, and (3) the evaluation of impacts, unintended consequences, co-benefits, and trade-offs of these target-based scenarios to help inform decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Hayek
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - Dale W. Jamieson
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - Galina Hale
- Department of Economics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA USA
- Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, England
| | - David Kanter
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY USA
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19
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Williams M, Reay D, Smith P. Avoiding emissions versus creating sinks-Effectiveness and attractiveness to climate finance. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2046-2049. [PMID: 36703026 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The perception of greater impact via new sinks, as opposed to through avoided emissions, has already led some large investors to focus on sink-related projects. This is a flawed perception when applied universally and carries a risk that effective routes to mitigation through avoiding emissions are side-lined. In reality, both emissions avoidance and emissions removal are needed, and both can be a cost-effective means of delivering mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Williams
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dave Reay
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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20
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Tedersoo L, Mikryukov V, Zizka A, Bahram M, Hagh‐Doust N, Anslan S, Prylutskyi O, Delgado‐Baquerizo M, Maestre FT, Pärn J, Öpik M, Moora M, Zobel M, Espenberg M, Mander Ü, Khalid AN, Corrales A, Agan A, Vasco‐Palacios A, Saitta A, Rinaldi AC, Verbeken A, Sulistyo BP, Tamgnoue B, Furneaux B, Ritter CD, Nyamukondiwa C, Sharp C, Marín C, Gohar D, Klavina D, Sharmah D, Dai DQ, Nouhra E, Biersma EM, Rähn E, Cameron E, De Crop E, Otsing E, Davydov EA, Albornoz F, Brearley FQ, Buegger F, Zahn G, Bonito G, Hiiesalu I, Barrio IC, Heilmann‐Clausen J, Ankuda J, Kupagme JY, Maciá‐Vicente JG, Fovo JD, Geml J, Alatalo JM, Alvarez‐Manjarrez J, Põldmaa K, Runnel K, Adamson K, Bråthen KA, Pritsch K, Tchan KI, Armolaitis K, Hyde KD, Newsham K, Panksep K, Lateef AA, Tiirmann L, Hansson L, Lamit LJ, Saba M, Tuomi M, Gryzenhout M, Bauters M, Piepenbring M, Wijayawardene N, Yorou NS, Kurina O, Mortimer PE, Meidl P, Kohout P, Nilsson RH, Puusepp R, Drenkhan R, Garibay‐Orijel R, Godoy R, Alkahtani S, Rahimlou S, Dudov SV, Põlme S, Ghosh S, Mundra S, Ahmed T, Netherway T, Henkel TW, Roslin T, Nteziryayo V, Fedosov VE, Onipchenko V, Yasanthika WAE, Lim YW, Soudzilovskaia NA, Antonelli A, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K. Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6696-6710. [PMID: 36056462 PMCID: PMC9826061 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that the endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat and land-cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests, and woodlands. We stress that more attention should be focused on the conservation of fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical regions as well as unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between the endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high conservation needs in both groups, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | | | | | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Oleh Prylutskyi
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, School of BiologyV.N. Karazin Kharkiv National UniversityKharkivUkraine
| | - Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, and Unidad Asociada CSIC‐UPO (BioFun)Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Departamento de Ecología, Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Ülo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | | | - Adriana Corrales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología‐UR (CIMBIUR)Universidad del RosarioBogotáColombia
| | - Ahto Agan
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Aída‐M. Vasco‐Palacios
- BioMicro, Escuela de MicrobiologíaUniversidad de Antioquia UdeAMedellinAntioquiaColombia
| | - Alessandro Saitta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Andrea C. Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | | | - Bobby P. Sulistyo
- Department of BiomedicineIndonesia International Institute for Life SciencesJakartaIndonesia
| | - Boris Tamgnoue
- Department of Crop ScienceUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
| | - Brendan Furneaux
- Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and BiotechnologyBotswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyeBotswana
| | - Cathy Sharp
- Natural History Museum of ZimbabweBulawayoZimbabwe
| | - César Marín
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC)Universidad SantoTomásSantiagoChile
| | - Daniyal Gohar
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Darta Klavina
- Latvian State Forest Research Insitute SilavaSalaspilsLatvia
| | - Dipon Sharmah
- Department of Botany, Jawaharlal Nehru Rajkeeya MahavidyalayaPondicherry UniversityPort BlairIndia
| | - Dong Qin Dai
- College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujingChina
| | - Eduardo Nouhra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET)Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
| | | | - Elisabeth Rähn
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Erin K. Cameron
- Department of Environmental ScienceSaint Mary's UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | | | - Eveli Otsing
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | | | | | - Francis Q. Brearley
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | | | | | - Gregory Bonito
- Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Isabel C. Barrio
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental SciencesAgricultural University of IcelandHvanneyriIceland
| | | | - Jelena Ankuda
- Department of Silviculture and EcologyInstitute of Forestry of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC)GirionysLithuania
| | - John Y. Kupagme
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Jose G. Maciá‐Vicente
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - József Geml
- ELKH‐EKKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research GroupEszterházy Károly Catholic UniversityEgerHungary
| | | | | | - Kadri Põldmaa
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Kadri Runnel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Kalev Adamson
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Kari Anne Bråthen
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyThe Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | | | - Kassim I. Tchan
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants‐Soil Fungi InteractionsUniversity of ParakouParakouBenin
| | - Kęstutis Armolaitis
- Department of Silviculture and EcologyInstitute of Forestry of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC)GirionysLithuania
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal ResearchMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
| | | | - Kristel Panksep
- Chair of Hydrobiology and FisheryEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | | | - Liis Tiirmann
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Linda Hansson
- Gothenburg Centre for Sustainable DevelopmentGothenburgSweden
| | - Louis J. Lamit
- Department of BiologySyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
- Department of Environmental and Forest BiologyState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Malka Saba
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Maria Tuomi
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyThe Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Marieka Gryzenhout
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | | | - Meike Piepenbring
- Mycology Working GroupGoethe University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Nalin Wijayawardene
- College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujingChina
| | - Nourou S. Yorou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants‐Soil Fungi InteractionsUniversity of ParakouParakouBenin
| | - Olavi Kurina
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Peter E. Mortimer
- Center For Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Peter Meidl
- Institut für BiologieFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of MicrobiologyCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Rolf Henrik Nilsson
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Rasmus Puusepp
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | | | - Roberto Godoy
- Instituto Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Rahimlou
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Sergey V. Dudov
- Department of Ecology and Plant GeographyMoscow Lomonosov State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Sergei Põlme
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Sunil Mundra
- Department of Biology, College of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAbu DhabiUAE
| | - Talaat Ahmed
- Environmental Science CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Tarquin Netherway
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Terry W. Henkel
- Department of Biological SciencesCalifornia State Polytechnic UniversityArcataCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Vincent Nteziryayo
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of BurundiBujumburaBurundi
| | - Vladimir E. Fedosov
- Department of Ecology and Plant GeographyMoscow Lomonosov State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | | | | | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of MicrobiologySeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | | | | | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
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21
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Zhao L, Li X, Li X, Ai C. Dynamic Changes and Regional Differences of Net Carbon Sequestration of Food Crops in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13229. [PMID: 36293810 PMCID: PMC9602910 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The carbon sequestration of food crops is of great significance to slow down agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural production and management. This paper analyzes the dynamic change and regional differences of net carbon sequestration of food crops from temporal and spatial perspectives for the case study area of the Yangtze River economic belt (YREB) in China. We use the calculation formula of carbon sequestration and carbon emission to calculate the net carbon sequestration in the Yangtze River economic belt. On this basis, we analyze the dynamic trend and regional differences of net carbon sequestration in the Yangtze River economic belt. Furthermore, we use the Gini coefficient to measure the quantitative gap of net carbon sequestration of grain crops in different regions of the Yangtze River economic belt. The results show that: (1) from 2000-2018, the net carbon sequestration of food crops keeps rising within the studied area, while the carbon emission shows a fluctuating downward trend; (2) remarkable regional differences in the net carbon sequestration of food crops have occurred, and most provinces (cities) show an upward trend for the studied area; (3) the unequitable distribution of net carbon sequestration of food crops is clearly displayed in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the studied area. Moreover, the most uneven place is located on the lower reaches, and the least uneven place is in the upper reaches. These findings are important points of reference for reducing the carbon emissions of the agricultural industry in the Yangtze River economic belt of China and in China more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhao
- School of Economics, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Institute of Building a Well Off Society in an All Round Way, Central South University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Central Southern Electric Power Design Institute Co., Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Emissions Trading System Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Low Carbon Economy, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Chenyang Ai
- College of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
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22
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Kulmala L, Peltokangas K, Heinonsalo J, Pihlatie M, Laurila T, Liski J, Lohila A. Effects of biochar and ligneous soil amendments on greenhouse gas exchange during extremely dry growing season in a Finnish cropland. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.951518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic soil amendments such as manure, biochar and compost are among the most efficient and widely used methods to increase soil carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. Even though their benefits are well known, many wood-derived materials are not yet utilized in Nordic agriculture due to a lack of incentives and knowledge of their effects in the local climate. We studied greenhouse gas exchange, plant growth and soil properties of a clay soil cultivated with oat in southern Finland in an extremely dry year. Two years earlier, the field was treated with three ligneous soil amendments—lime-stabilized fiber from the pulp industry, willow biochar and spruce biochar—which we compared against fertilized and non-fertilized controls. We found that the soil amendments increased porosity and the mean soil water holding capacity, which was most noticeable in plots amended with spruce biochar. There was a trend indicating that the mean yield and overall biomass production were larger in plots with soil amendments; however, the difference to unamended control was seldom significant due to the high variance among replicates. Manual chamber measurements revealed that carbon dioxide and methane exchange rates were reduced most probably by the exceptionally hot and dry weather conditions, but no differences could be found between the amended and unamended treatments. The nitrous oxide emissions were significantly smaller from the vegetated soil amended with willow biochar compared with the unamended control. Emissions from non-vegetated soil, representing heterotrophic respiration, were similar but without significant differences between treatments. Overall, the studied soil amendments indicated positive climatic impact two years after their application, but further research is needed to conclusively characterize the specific effects of organic soil amendments on processes affecting greenhouse gas exchange and plant growth.
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23
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Ayalew AD, Wagner PD, Sahlu D, Fohrer N. Land use change and climate dynamics in the Rift Valley Lake Basin, Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:791. [PMID: 36107274 PMCID: PMC9477955 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Land use and climate dynamics have a pronounced impact on water resources, biodiversity, land degradation, and productivity at all scales. Thus, in this study, we present the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use change and climate aiming to provide a scientific evidence about gains and losses in major land use categories and associated drivers and significancy and homogeneity of climate change. To this end, Landsat images and historical climate data have been used to determine the dynamics. In addition, population census data and land use policy have been considered to assess the potential drivers of land use change. The spatio-temporal land use dynamics have been evaluated using transition matrix and dynamics index. Likewise, shifts in the climate data were analyzed using change point analysis and three homogenous climate zones have been identified using principal component analysis. The results show that, from 1989 to 2019, the areal percentage of agricultural land increased by 27.5%, settlement by 0.8%, and barren land 0.4% while the natural vegetation, wetland, water body, and grass land decreased by 24.5%, 1.6%, 0.5%, and 2.1%, respectively. The land use dynamics have been stronger in the first decade of the study period. An abrupt shift of climate has occurred in the 1980s. In the last four decades, rainfall shows a not significant decreasing trend. However, a significant increasing trend has been observed for temperature. Rapid population growth, agricultural expansion policy, and climate variability have been identified as the underlying drivers of land use dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayenew D Ayalew
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Paul D Wagner
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dejene Sahlu
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicola Fohrer
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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24
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Zheng Q, Siman K, Zeng Y, Teo HC, Sarira TV, Sreekar R, Koh LP. Future land-use competition constrains natural climate solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156409. [PMID: 35660585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural climate solutions (NCS) are an essential complement to climate mitigation and have been increasingly incorporated into international mitigation strategies. Yet, with the ongoing population growth, allocating natural areas for NCS may compete with other socioeconomic priorities, especially urban development and food security. Here, we projected the impacts of land-use competition incurred by cropland and urban expansion on the climate mitigation potential of NCS. We mapped the areas available for implementing 9 key NCS strategies and estimated their climate change mitigation potential. Then, we overlaid these areas with future cropland and urban expansion maps projected under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (2020-2100) and calculated the resulting mitigation potential loss of each selected NCS strategy. Our results estimate a substantial reduction, 0.3-2.8 GtCO2 yr-1 or 4-39 %, in NCS mitigation potential, of which cropland expansion for fulfilling future food demand is the primary cause. This impact is particularly severe in the tropics where NCS hold the most abundant mitigation potential. Our findings highlight immediate actions prioritized to tropical areas are important to best realize NCS and are key to developing realistic and sustainable climate policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zheng
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore.
| | - Kelly Siman
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Yiwen Zeng
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Hoong Chen Teo
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Tasya Vadya Sarira
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Rachakonda Sreekar
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
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25
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Zhao ZY, Wang PY, Xiong XB, Wang YB, Zhou R, Tao HY, Grace UA, Wang N, Xiong YC. Environmental risk of multi-year polythene film mulching and its green solution in arid irrigation region. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128981. [PMID: 35523090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk of multi-year polythene film mulching (PM) was evaluated and investigated. The location observation following 19-year (2000-2018) PM in irrigated region indicated that the cumulative accumulation of soil microplastics was as high as 2900 ± 19.5 n kg-1. Microplastic accumulation was tightly associated with soil plasticizer concentration (Pearson's r = 0.728, p <0.05), and the concentration of dominant phthalic acid esters (PAEs) was up to 117.5-705 μg kg-1. As such, we conducted organic mulching substitute experiment (2019-2020) with non-mulching (CK), maize straw mulching (SM), living clover mulching (CM), PM, PM+SM and PM+CM respectively. The data showed that organic mulching (SM, CM) achieved similar productivity benefit as PM-involved treatments (p > 0.05). Critically, total concentration of PAEs decreased by 6.43% in SM relative to CK, and by 9.61% in PM+SM relative to PM respectively. High throughput sequencing indicated that the proportions of predominant bacteria and fungi were totally lower in PM than those of organic mulching, particularly Sphingomonadaceae and Stachybotryaceae. KEGG analyses indicated that organic mulching promoted the metabolisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzoic acid (probability>75%) and heterologous organism metabolism (p<0.001), due to improved microbial community assembly. Therefore, organic mulching efficiently accelerated microbial mineralization of PM pollutants, and may act as a green solution to displace PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Wastes, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741000, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Hong-Yan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Uzamurera Aimee Grace
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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26
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Huang Y, Sun W, Qin Z, Zhang W, Yu Y, Li T, Zhang Q, Wang G, Yu L, Wang Y, Ding F, Zhang P. The role of China's terrestrial carbon sequestration 2010-2060 in offsetting energy-related CO 2 emissions. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac057. [PMID: 35992243 PMCID: PMC9385465 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy consumption dominates annual CO2 emissions in China. It is essential to significantly reduce CO2 emissions from energy consumption to reach national carbon neutrality by 2060, while the role of terrestrial carbon sequestration in offsetting energy-related CO2 emissions cannot be underestimated. Natural climate solutions (NCS), including improvements in terrestrial carbon sequestration, represent readily deployable options to offset anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. However, the extent to which China's terrestrial carbon sequestration in the future, especially when target-oriented managements (TOMs) are implemented, can help to mitigate energy-related CO2 emissions is far from certain. By synthesizing available findings and using several parameter-sparse empirical models that have been calibrated and/or fitted against contemporary measurements, we assessed China's terrestrial carbon sequestration over 2010-2060 and its contribution to offsetting national energy-related CO2 emissions. We show that terrestrial C sequestration in China will increase from 0.375 ± 0.056 (mean ± standard deviation) Pg C yr-1 in the 2010s to 0.458 ± 0.100 Pg C yr-1 under RCP2.6 and 0.493 ± 0.108 Pg C yr-1 under the RCP4.5 scenario in the 2050s, when TOMs are implemented. The majority of carbon sequestration comes from forest, accounting for 67.8-71.4% of the total amount. China's terrestrial ecosystems can offset 12.2-15.0% and 13.4-17.8% of energy-related peak CO2 emissions in 2030 and 2060, respectively. The implementation of TOMs contributes 11.9% of the overall terrestrial carbon sequestration in the 2020s and 23.7% in the 2050s. The most likely strategy to maximize future NCS effectiveness is a full implementation of all applicable cost-effective NCS pathways in China. Our findings highlight the role of terrestrial carbon sequestration in offsetting energy-related CO2 emissions and put forward future needs in the context of carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhangcai Qin
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guocheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fan Ding
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Radeny M, Rao EJO, Ogada MJ, Recha JW, Solomon D. Impacts of climate-smart crop varieties and livestock breeds on the food security of smallholder farmers in Kenya. Food Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-022-01307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper analyses the impact of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies on household dietary diversity and food insufficiency as indicators of food and nutrition security in Kenya. Using a combination of Propensity Score Matching and endogenous treatment effect approaches, we found that adoption of stress-tolerant varieties of several crops (such as bean, pigeon pea, cowpea, maize and sorghum) improved household dietary diversity score by 40% and reduced food insufficiency by 75%. Adoption of improved and resilient livestock breeds (including Red Maasai sheep and Galla goats) improved household dietary diversity by 38% while reducing household food insufficiency by 90%. We also found that stress-tolerant crop varieties were more effective in improving food security outcomes among households with large landholdings and with more educated and younger to middle-age heads. Effects of resilient livestock breeds on household food security were much stronger for households with large landholdings and with young and/or much older heads that have low levels of education. Given the large, demonstrated benefits from the use of the CSA technologies, policies and programs aimed at their promotion should apply appropriate targeting to ensure wider uptake of the technologies and maximum returns on investment.
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Abd Rahman NH, Md Zabri MZ, Ali MM. Addressing the agricultural financing gap in Malaysia via Manihah Agricultural Financing Model: will Islamic banks go the extra mile? AGRICULTURAL FINANCE REVIEW 2022; 82:714-731. [DOI: 10.1108/afr-04-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThis paper introduces the concept of manihah and develops a conceptual framework to address Malaysia's abandoned lands and food security issues.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper based on insights from the existing literature and secondary data on food security, abandoned lands and manihah. Based on the prevailing gaps, the study proposes a conceptual framework of the Manihah Agricultural Financing Model to address Malaysia's abandoned land and food security issues.FindingsThe proposed model can address abandoned lands and food security issues due to the new incorporation of manihah within Malaysia's agricultural and Islamic financial industries' milieu.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a conceptual paper mainly intended to spark a discussion on the potentiality of manihah.Practical implicationsThe paper contends that Islamic banks have a crucial role in furthering the socio-economic development agenda under the value-based intermediation (VBI). The paper will also be an excellent introduction to Islamic bank practitioners in understanding manihah's relevance to their daily operation.Originality/valueThis paper introduces manihah as the potential solution to food security issues by utilizing abandoned lands.
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Jung CHG, Waldeck P, Sykora S, Braune S, Petrick I, Küpper JH, Jung F. Influence of Different Light-Emitting Diode Colors on Growth and Phycobiliprotein Generation of Arthrospira platensis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:895. [PMID: 35743926 PMCID: PMC9225284 DOI: 10.3390/life12060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LED) can be utilized as tailorable artificial light sources for the cultivation of cyanobacteria such as Arthrospira platensis (AP). To study the influence of different LED light colors on phototrophic growth and biomass composition, AP was cultured in closed bioreactors and exposed to red, green, blue, or white LED lights. The illumination with red LED light resulted in the highest cell growth and highest cell densities compared to all other light sources (order of cell densities: red > white > green > blue LED light). In contrast, the highest phycocyanin concentrations were found when AP was cultured under blue LED light (e.g., order of concentrations: blue > white > red > green LED light). LED-blue light stimulated the accumulation of nitrogen compounds in the form of phycobiliproteins at the expense of cell growth. The results of the study revealed that exposure to different LED light colors can improve the quality and quantity of the biomass gained in AP cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad H. G. Jung
- Carbon Biotech Social Enterprise AG, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (C.H.G.J.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Peter Waldeck
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Thermodynamics, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (P.W.); (I.P.)
| | - Shadi Sykora
- Experimental Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Energy Systems, Brandenburg University of Technology, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany;
| | - Steffen Braune
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany;
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Ingolf Petrick
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Thermodynamics, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (P.W.); (I.P.)
| | - Jan-Heiner Küpper
- Carbon Biotech Social Enterprise AG, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (C.H.G.J.); (J.-H.K.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany;
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany;
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da Costa LM, de Araújo Santos GA, Panosso AR, de Souza Rolim G, La Scala N. An empirical model for estimating daily atmospheric column-averaged CO 2 concentration above São Paulo state, Brazil. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 17:9. [PMID: 35689700 PMCID: PMC9188726 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-022-00209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent studies of the variations in the atmospheric column-averaged CO2 concentration ([Formula: see text]) above croplands and forests show a negative correlation between [Formula: see text]and Sun Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) and confirmed that photosynthesis is the main regulator of the terrestrial uptake for atmospheric CO2. The remote sensing techniques in this context are very important to observe this relation, however, there is still a time gap in orbital data, since the observation is not daily. Here we analyzed the effects of several variables related to the photosynthetic capacity of vegetation on [Formula: see text] above São Paulo state during the period from 2015 to 2019 and propose a daily model to estimate the natural changes in atmospheric CO2. RESULTS The data retrieved from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), NASA-POWER and Application for Extracting and Exploring Analysis Ready Samples (AppEEARS) show that Global Radiation (Qg), Sun Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) and, Relative Humidity (RH) are the most significant factors for predicting the annual [Formula: see text] cycle. The daily model of [Formula: see text] estimated from Qg and RH predicts daily [Formula: see text] with root mean squared error of 0.47 ppm (the coefficient of determination is equal to 0.44, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The obtained results imply that a significant part of daily [Formula: see text] variations could be explained by meteorological factors and that further research should be done to quantify the effects of the atmospheric transport and anthropogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel da Costa
- Departament of Engineering and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo André de Araújo Santos
- Departament of Engineering and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
- Campus Avançado Porto Franco, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão - IFMA, Rua Custódio Barbosa, no 09, Centro, Porto Franco, Maranhão, 65970-000, Brazil
- Center of Agricultural, Natural and Literary Sciences, State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão (UEMASUL), Av. Brejo do Pinto, S/N - Brejo do Pinto, Estreito, Maranhão, 65975-000, Brazil
| | - Alan Rodrigo Panosso
- Departament of Engineering and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Glauco de Souza Rolim
- Departament of Engineering and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Newton La Scala
- Departament of Engineering and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
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Löbmann MT, Maring L, Prokop G, Brils J, Bender J, Bispo A, Helming K. Systems knowledge for sustainable soil and land management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153389. [PMID: 35104520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While soils and land are pivotal elements of many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and societal challenges, they face degradation and reduction of related functions and services worldwide. Societal demands on soils and land are increasing, including contributions to climate change mitigation and adaptation, ecosystem services, biodiversity and biomass production for food, feed, fiber and energy. This adverse combination of reducing capacities and increasing demands requires rapid transition towards sustainable soil and land management that mitigates trade-offs and creates synergies. Likewise, a transformation of soil and land research is required to scientifically support the sustainable transformation. Based on a literature analysis combined with engagement of soil and land scientists, we developed a systemic research framework for sustainable soil and land management to support the implementation of the Horizon Europe Mission "A Soil Deal for Europe". The framework summarizes soil and land related topics into six societal challenges and associates them with eight knowledge types that outline integrated research for development and implementation of sustainable soil and land management. We propose that research should be aligned with living labs and lighthouses to leverage local solutions, innovation, training and education. We outline the role of experimentation, data analysis, assessment, modelling and the importance of research for institutions, governance and policy support. For encouraging a swift transition towards a systems approach for sustainable soil and land management, we concluded that among all knowledge types, those addressing socio-economic interrelations with soil health and related policies currently represent the biggest bottleneck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Löbmann
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Linda Maring
- Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, 3584 BK Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gundula Prokop
- Austrian Environment Agency, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jos Brils
- Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, 3584 BK Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Bender
- Federal Office of Agriculture and Food (BLE), Deichmanns Aue 29, 53179 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Helming
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
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Shin Y, Midgley GF, Archer ERM, Arneth A, Barnes DKA, Chan L, Hashimoto S, Hoegh‐Guldberg O, Insarov G, Leadley P, Levin LA, Ngo HT, Pandit R, Pires APF, Pörtner H, Rogers AD, Scholes RJ, Settele J, Smith P. Actions to halt biodiversity loss generally benefit the climate. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2846-2874. [PMID: 35098619 PMCID: PMC9303674 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The two most urgent and interlinked environmental challenges humanity faces are climate change and biodiversity loss. We are entering a pivotal decade for both the international biodiversity and climate change agendas with the sharpening of ambitious strategies and targets by the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Within their respective Conventions, the biodiversity and climate interlinked challenges have largely been addressed separately. There is evidence that conservation actions that halt, slow or reverse biodiversity loss can simultaneously slow anthropogenic mediated climate change significantly. This review highlights conservation actions which have the largest potential for mitigation of climate change. We note that conservation actions have mainly synergistic benefits and few antagonistic trade-offs with climate change mitigation. Specifically, we identify direct co-benefits in 14 out of the 21 action targets of the draft post-2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity, notwithstanding the many indirect links that can also support both biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. These relationships are context and scale-dependent; therefore, we showcase examples of local biodiversity conservation actions that can be incentivized, guided and prioritized by global objectives and targets. The close interlinkages between biodiversity, climate change mitigation, other nature's contributions to people and good quality of life are seldom as integrated as they should be in management and policy. This review aims to re-emphasize the vital relationships between biodiversity conservation actions and climate change mitigation in a timely manner, in support to major Conferences of Parties that are about to negotiate strategic frameworks and international goals for the decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy F. Midgley
- School for Climate Studies, Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Emma R. M. Archer
- Department of GeographyGeo‐Informatics and MeteorologyUniversity of PretoriaHatfield, PretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Almut Arneth
- Atmospheric Environmental ResearchKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Garmisch‐PartenkirchenGermany
| | | | - Lena Chan
- International Biodiversity Conservation DivisionNational Parks BoardSingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Ove Hoegh‐Guldberg
- School of Biological Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Gregory Insarov
- Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy for SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Paul Leadley
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Systématique EvolutionUniversité Paris‐Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTechOrsayFrance
| | - Lisa A. Levin
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation and Integrative Oceanography DivisionScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hien T. Ngo
- Office of Climate Change, Biodiversity and Environment, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly
- Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)BonnGermany
| | - Ram Pandit
- Centre for Environmental Economics and PolicyUWA School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Global Center for Food, Land and Water ResourcesResearch Faculty of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Aliny P. F. Pires
- Department of Ecology – IBRAGRio de Janeiro State University (UERJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Hans‐Otto Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | | | - Robert J. Scholes
- Global Change InstituteUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Josef Settele
- Department of Conservation Biology and Social‐Ecological SystemsHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZHalleGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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Abstract
Mitigation of climate change requires a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. It motivates an increase in renewable electricity generation. Farmers can develop renewable energy and increase their profitability by allocating agricultural land to PV power plants. This transition from crop production to electricity generation needs ecological and economic assessment from alternative land utilization. The novelty of this study is an integrated assessment that links economic and environmental (carbon dioxide emissions) indicators. They were calculated for crop production and solar power generation in a semi-arid zone. The results showed that gross income (crop production) ranges from USD 508/ha to USD 1389/ha. PV plants can generate up to 794 MWh/ha. Their market cost is EUR 82,000, and their production costs are less than wholesale prices in Ukrainian. The profitability index of a PV project ranges from 1.26 (a discount range is 10%) to 3.24 (a discount rate is 0). The sensitivity analysis was carried out for six variables. For each chosen variable, we found its switching value. It was revealed that the most sensitive variable is a feed-in tariff. Operational expenses and investment costs are the most sensitive variables. Carbon dioxide footprints range from 500 to 3200 kgCO2/ha (depending on the crop). A 618 kW PV plant causes a release of carbon dioxide in the range of 5.2–11.4 gCO2/kWh. The calculated carbon dioxide payback period varies from 5 to 10 months.
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Smith P, Arneth A, Barnes DKA, Ichii K, Marquet PA, Popp A, Pörtner HO, Rogers AD, Scholes RJ, Strassburg B, Wu J, Ngo H. How do we best synergize climate mitigation actions to co-benefit biodiversity? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2555-2577. [PMID: 34951743 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural and modified ecosystems can have co-benefits for both climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation. Reducing greenhouse emissions to limit warming to less than 1.5 or 2°C above preindustrial levels, as outlined in the Paris Agreement, can yield strong co-benefits for land, freshwater and marine biodiversity and reduce amplifying climate feedbacks from ecosystem changes. Not all climate mitigation strategies are equally effective at producing biodiversity co-benefits, some in fact are counterproductive. Moreover, social implications are often overlooked within the climate-biodiversity nexus. Protecting biodiverse and carbon-rich natural environments, ecological restoration of potentially biodiverse and carbon-rich habitats, the deliberate creation of novel habitats, taking into consideration a locally adapted and meaningful (i.e. full consequences considered) mix of these measures, can result in the most robust win-win solutions. These can be further enhanced by avoidance of narrow goals, taking long-term views and minimizing further losses of intact ecosystems. In this review paper, we first discuss various climate mitigation actions that evidence demonstrates can negatively impact biodiversity, resulting in unseen and unintended negative consequences. We then examine climate mitigation actions that co-deliver biodiversity and societal benefits. We give examples of these win-win solutions, categorized as 'protect, restore, manage and create', in different regions of the world that could be expanded, upscaled and used for further innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Almut Arneth
- Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Kazuhito Ichii
- Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CeRES), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Pablo A Marquet
- Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander Popp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Alex D Rogers
- Somerville College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- REV Ocean, Lysaker, Norway
| | - Robert J Scholes
- Global Change Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bernardo Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and Environment, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jianguo Wu
- The Institute of Environmental Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hien Ngo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
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Roe S, Streck C, Beach R, Busch J, Chapman M, Daioglou V, Deppermann A, Doelman J, Emmet‐Booth J, Engelmann J, Fricko O, Frischmann C, Funk J, Grassi G, Griscom B, Havlik P, Hanssen S, Humpenöder F, Landholm D, Lomax G, Lehmann J, Mesnildrey L, Nabuurs G, Popp A, Rivard C, Sanderman J, Sohngen B, Smith P, Stehfest E, Woolf D, Lawrence D. Land-based measures to mitigate climate change: Potential and feasibility by country. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:6025-6058. [PMID: 34636101 PMCID: PMC9293189 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Land-based climate mitigation measures have gained significant attention and importance in public and private sector climate policies. Building on previous studies, we refine and update the mitigation potentials for 20 land-based measures in >200 countries and five regions, comparing "bottom-up" sectoral estimates with integrated assessment models (IAMs). We also assess implementation feasibility at the country level. Cost-effective (available up to $100/tCO2 eq) land-based mitigation is 8-13.8 GtCO2 eq yr-1 between 2020 and 2050, with the bottom end of this range representing the IAM median and the upper end representing the sectoral estimate. The cost-effective sectoral estimate is about 40% of available technical potential and is in line with achieving a 1.5°C pathway in 2050. Compared to technical potentials, cost-effective estimates represent a more realistic and actionable target for policy. The cost-effective potential is approximately 50% from forests and other ecosystems, 35% from agriculture, and 15% from demand-side measures. The potential varies sixfold across the five regions assessed (0.75-4.8 GtCO2eq yr-1 ) and the top 15 countries account for about 60% of the global potential. Protection of forests and other ecosystems and demand-side measures present particularly high mitigation efficiency, high provision of co-benefits, and relatively lower costs. The feasibility assessment suggests that governance, economic investment, and socio-cultural conditions influence the likelihood that land-based mitigation potentials are realized. A substantial portion of potential (80%) is in developing countries and LDCs, where feasibility barriers are of greatest concern. Assisting countries to overcome barriers may result in significant quantities of near-term, low-cost mitigation while locally achieving important climate adaptation and development benefits. Opportunities among countries vary widely depending on types of land-based measures available, their potential co-benefits and risks, and their feasibility. Enhanced investments and country-specific plans that accommodate this complexity are urgently needed to realize the large global potential from improved land stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Roe
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
- Climate FocusBerlinGermany
| | - Charlotte Streck
- Climate FocusBerlinGermany
- International PoliticsUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Robert Beach
- Environmental Engineering and Economics DivisionRTI InternationalResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jonah Busch
- Conservation InternationalArlingtonVirginiaUSA
| | - Melissa Chapman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vassilis Daioglou
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyThe Haguethe Netherlands
| | - Andre Deppermann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)LaxenburgAustria
| | - Jonathan Doelman
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyThe Haguethe Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Emmet‐Booth
- New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Jens Engelmann
- Department of Agricultural and Applied EconomicsUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Oliver Fricko
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)LaxenburgAustria
| | | | - Jason Funk
- Land Use and Climate Knowledge InitiativeChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | | | - Petr Havlik
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)LaxenburgAustria
| | - Steef Hanssen
- Department of Environmental ScienceRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Humpenöder
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | - David Landholm
- Climate FocusBerlinGermany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | - Guy Lomax
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop ScienceSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCollege of Agriculture and Life ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Leah Mesnildrey
- Climate FocusBerlinGermany
- Sciences Po ParisParis School of International Affairs (PSIA)ParisFrance
| | - Gert‐Jan Nabuurs
- Wageningen Environmental ResearchWageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Alexander Popp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | | | | | - Brent Sohngen
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development EconomicsOhio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Elke Stehfest
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyThe Haguethe Netherlands
| | - Dominic Woolf
- Soil and Crop ScienceSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCollege of Agriculture and Life ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Deborah Lawrence
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
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Reisinger A, Clark H, Cowie AL, Emmet-Booth J, Gonzalez Fischer C, Herrero M, Howden M, Leahy S. How necessary and feasible are reductions of methane emissions from livestock to support stringent temperature goals? PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200452. [PMID: 34565223 PMCID: PMC8480228 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is the largest single source of global anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions, with ruminants the dominant contributor. Livestock CH4 emissions are projected to grow another 30% by 2050 under current policies, yet few countries have set targets or are implementing policies to reduce emissions in absolute terms. The reason for this limited ambition may be linked not only to the underpinning role of livestock for nutrition and livelihoods in many countries but also diverging perspectives on the importance of mitigating these emissions, given the short atmospheric lifetime of CH4. Here, we show that in mitigation pathways that limit warming to 1.5°C, which include cost-effective reductions from all emission sources, the contribution of future livestock CH4 emissions to global warming in 2050 is about one-third of that from future net carbon dioxide emissions. Future livestock CH4 emissions, therefore, significantly constrain the remaining carbon budget and the ability to meet stringent temperature limits. We review options to address livestock CH4 emissions through more efficient production, technological advances and demand-side changes, and their interactions with land-based carbon sequestration. We conclude that bringing livestock into mainstream mitigation policies, while recognizing their unique social, cultural and economic roles, would make an important contribution towards reaching the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement and is vital for a limit of 1.5°C. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Clark
- New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre (NZAGRC), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Annette L. Cowie
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries/University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Jeremy Emmet-Booth
- New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre (NZAGRC), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlos Gonzalez Fischer
- New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre (NZAGRC), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mario Herrero
- Department of Global Development, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Cornell Atkinson Centre for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Mark Howden
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sinead Leahy
- New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre (NZAGRC), Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Non-Structural Flood Management in European Rural Mountain Areas—Are Scientists Supporting Implementation? HYDROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology8040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mountain areas are highly exposed to flood risks. The latter are increasing in the context of climate change, urbanization, and land use changes. Non-structural approaches such as nature-based solutions can provide opportunities to reduce the risks of such natural hazards and provide further ecological, social, and economic benefits. However, few non-structural flood mitigation measures are implemented in rural mountain areas so far. The objective of this paper is to investigate if the scientific boundaries limit the implementation of non-structural flood management in rural mountain areas. In the study, we statistically analyzed the knowledge about flood management through a systematic literature review and expert surveys, with a focus on European rural mountain areas. Both methods showed that scientific knowledge is available for decision makers and that nature-based solutions are efficient, cost-effective, multifunctional, and have potential for large-scale implementation.
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Harrison MT, Cullen BR, Mayberry DE, Cowie AL, Bilotto F, Badgery WB, Liu K, Davison T, Christie KM, Muleke A, Eckard RJ. Carbon myopia: The urgent need for integrated social, economic and environmental action in the livestock sector. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5726-5761. [PMID: 34314548 PMCID: PMC9290661 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Livestock have long been integral to food production systems, often not by choice but by need. While our knowledge of livestock greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation has evolved, the prevailing focus has been-somewhat myopically-on technology applications associated with mitigation. Here, we (1) examine the global distribution of livestock GHG emissions, (2) explore social, economic and environmental co-benefits and trade-offs associated with mitigation interventions and (3) critique approaches for quantifying GHG emissions. This review uncovered many insights. First, while GHG emissions from ruminant livestock are greatest in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC; globally, 66% of emissions are produced by Latin America and the Caribbean, East and southeast Asia and south Asia), the majority of mitigation strategies are designed for developed countries. This serious concern is heightened by the fact that 80% of growth in global meat production over the next decade will occur in LMIC. Second, few studies concurrently assess social, economic and environmental aspects of mitigation. Of the 54 interventions reviewed, only 16 had triple-bottom line benefit with medium-high mitigation potential. Third, while efforts designed to stimulate the adoption of strategies allowing both emissions reduction (ER) and carbon sequestration (CS) would achieve the greatest net emissions mitigation, CS measures have greater potential mitigation and co-benefits. The scientific community must shift attention away from the prevailing myopic lens on carbon, towards more holistic, systems-based, multi-metric approaches that carefully consider the raison d'être for livestock systems. Consequential life cycle assessments and systems-aligned 'socio-economic planetary boundaries' offer useful starting points that may uncover leverage points and cross-scale emergent properties. The derivation of harmonized, globally reconciled sustainability metrics requires iterative dialogue between stakeholders at all levels. Greater emphasis on the simultaneous characterization of multiple sustainability dimensions would help avoid situations where progress made in one area causes maladaptive outcomes in other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan Richard Cullen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
| | | | - Annette Louise Cowie
- NSW Department of Primary Industries/University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia
| | - Franco Bilotto
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaBurnieTASAustralia
| | | | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/School of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Thomas Davison
- Livestock Productivity PartnershipUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleAustralia
| | | | - Albert Muleke
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaBurnieTASAustralia
| | - Richard John Eckard
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
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Anaya-Esparza LM, la Mora ZVD, Vázquez-Paulino O, Ascencio F, Villarruel-López A. Bell Peppers ( Capsicum annum L.) Losses and Wastes: Source for Food and Pharmaceutical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175341. [PMID: 34500773 PMCID: PMC8434037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the high added-value compounds contained in plant by-products and wastes offer a wide spectrum of opportunities for their reuse and valorization, contributing to the circular economy. The bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is an exotic vegetable with high nutritional value that, after processing, leaves wastes (peel, seeds, and leaves) that represent desirable raw material for obtaining phytochemical compounds. This review summarizes and discusses the relevant information on the phytochemical profile of bell peppers and their related biological properties as an alternative to revalorize losses and wastes from bell peppers for their application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Bell pepper fruits, seeds, and leaves contain bioactive compounds (phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherol, and pectic polysaccharides) that exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, immunosuppressive and immunostimulant properties, and antidiabetic, antitumoral and neuroprotective activities, and have a potential use as functional food additives. In this context, the revalorization of food waste is positioned as a technological and innovative research area with beneficial effects for the population, the economy, and the environment. Further studies are required to guarantee the safety use of these compounds and to understand their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias y Agrícolas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guada-lajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico;
| | - Zuamí Villagrán-de la Mora
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico;
| | - Olga Vázquez-Paulino
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico;
| | - Felipe Ascencio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (A.V.-L.)
| | - Angélica Villarruel-López
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Olímpica, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (A.V.-L.)
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Nano-Enable Materials Promoting Sustainability and Resilience in Modern Agriculture. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082068. [PMID: 34443899 PMCID: PMC8398611 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intensive conventional agriculture and climate change have induced severe ecological damages and threatened global food security, claiming a reorientation of agricultural management and public policies towards a more sustainable development model. In this context, nanomaterials promise to support this transition by promoting mitigation, enhancing productivity, and reducing contamination. This review gathers recent research innovations on smart nanoformulations and delivery systems improving crop protection and plant nutrition, nanoremediation strategies for contaminated soils, nanosensors for plant health and food quality and safety monitoring, and nanomaterials as smart food-packaging. It also highlights the impact of engineered nanomaterials on soil microbial communities, and potential environmental risks, along with future research directions. Although large-scale production and in-field testing of nano-agrochemicals are still ongoing, the collected information indicates improvements in uptake, use efficiency, targeted delivery of the active ingredients, and reduction of leaching and pollution. Nanoremediation seems to have a low negative impact on microbial communities while promoting biodiversity. Nanosensors enable high-resolution crop monitoring and sustainable management of the resources, while nano-packaging confers catalytic, antimicrobial, and barrier properties, preserving food safety and preventing food waste. Though, the application of nanomaterials to the agri-food sector requires a specific risk assessment supporting proper regulations and public acceptance.
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Vizzarri M, Pilli R, Korosuo A, Blujdea VNB, Rossi S, Fiorese G, Abad-Viñas R, Colditz RR, Grassi G. Setting the forest reference levels in the European Union: overview and challenges. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34331610 PMCID: PMC8325867 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-021-00185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of EU forests to climate change mitigation in 2021-2025 is assessed through the Forest Reference Levels (FRLs). The FRL is a projected country-level benchmark of net greenhouse gas emissions against which the future net emissions will be compared. The FRL models the hypothetical development of EU forest carbon sink if the historical management practices were continued, taking into account age dynamics. The Member States' FRLs have been recently adopted by the European Commission with the delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/268 amending the Regulation (EU) 2018/841. Considering the complexity of interactions between forest growth, management and carbon fluxes, there is a need to understand uncertainties linked to the FRL determination. RESULTS We assessed the methodologies behind the modelled FRLs and evaluated the foreseen impact of continuation of management practices and age dynamics on the near-future EU27 + UK forest carbon sink. Most of the countries implemented robust modelling approaches for simulating management practices and age dynamics within the FRL framework, but faced several challenges in ensuring consistency with historical estimates. We discuss that the projected 16% increase in harvest in 2021-2025 compared to 2000-2009, mostly attributed to age dynamics, is associated to a decline of 18% of forest sink (26% for living biomass only). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the FRL exercise was challenging but improved the modelling capacity and data availability at country scale. The present study contributes to increase the transparency of the implementation of forest-related EU policies and provides evidence-based support to future policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vizzarri
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi, 2749, TP 26/A, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi, 2749, TP 26/A, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Anu Korosuo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi, 2749, TP 26/A, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Viorel N. B. Blujdea
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi, 2749, TP 26/A, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Simone Rossi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi, 2749, TP 26/A, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiorese
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi, 2749, TP 26/A, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Raul Abad-Viñas
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi, 2749, TP 26/A, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Rene R. Colditz
- European Commission, Directorate General Climate Action, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giacomo Grassi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi, 2749, TP 26/A, 21027 Ispra, Italy
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Upadhaya S, Arbuckle JG. Understanding Factors Influencing Farmers' Engagement in Watershed Management Activities. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.669571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have pointed to a positive relationship between farmers' active engagement in watershed management (WM) and soil and water conservation practice adoption. If farmers' involvement in WM leads to more conservation, what predicts WM participation? This study seeks to answer that question through binomial logistic regression analysis of data from a survey of 6,006 Iowa farmers conducted to support the implementation of the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy (NRS). Results indicate that public and private sector information sources, awareness of and attitudes regarding nutrient loss reduction strategies, farm contiguity to water bodies, and cost-share and technical assistance were positive predictors of farmers' engagement in WM, while lower agronomic self-efficacy, farm press as an information source, greater age, and higher farm sales were negative. Findings point to several potential actions to improve farmer involvement in WM: (1) more effectively engage with the farm press to disseminate information about the benefits of WM, (2) increase outreach to larger-scale farmers, and (3) focus on nutrient loss management capacity building. Further, a continued emphasis on awareness and attitudes related to the NRS and related actions, such as watershed management, may guide efforts to recruit farmers into watershed groups to help improve soil and water conservation outcomes.
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Govaerts B, Negra C, Camacho Villa TC, Chavez Suarez X, Espinosa AD, Fonteyne S, Gardeazabal A, Gonzalez G, Gopal Singh R, Kommerell V, Kropff W, Lopez Saavedra V, Mena Lopez G, Odjo S, Palacios Rojas N, Ramirez-Villegas J, Van Loon J, Vega D, Verhulst N, Woltering L, Jahn M, Kropff M. One CGIAR and the Integrated Agri-food Systems Initiative: From short-termism to transformation of the world's food systems. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252832. [PMID: 34086831 PMCID: PMC8177634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Agri-food systems are besieged by malnutrition, yield gaps, and climate vulnerability, but integrated, research-based responses in public policy, agricultural, value chains, and finance are constrained by short-termism and zero sum thinking. As they respond to current and emerging agri-food system challenges, decision makers need new tools that steer toward multi-sector, evidence-based collaboration. To support national agri-food system policy processes, the Integrated Agri-food System Initiative (IASI) methodology was developed and validated through case studies in Mexico and Colombia. This holistic, multi-sector methodology builds on diverse existing data resources and leverages situation analysis, modeled predictions, and scenarios to synchronize public and private action at the national level toward sustainable, equitable, and inclusive agri-food systems. Culminating in collectively agreed strategies and multi-partner tactical plans, the IASI methodology enabled a multi-level systems approach by mobilizing design thinking to foster mindset shifts and stakeholder consensus on sustainable and scalable innovations that respond to real-time dynamics in complex agri-food systems. To build capacity for these types of integrated, context-specific approaches, greater investment is needed in supportive international institutions that function as trusted in-region 'innovation brokers.' This paper calls for a structured global network to advance adaptation and evolution of essential tools like the IASI methodology in support of the One CGIAR mandate and in service of positive agri-food systems transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Govaerts
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Fonteyne
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Andrea Gardeazabal
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Gonzalez
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Ravi Gopal Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Victor Kommerell
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Sylvanus Odjo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jelle Van Loon
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Daniela Vega
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Nele Verhulst
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Lennart Woltering
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Molly Jahn
- Jahn Research Group, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Martin Kropff
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
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Small-scale integrated farming systems can abate continental-scale nutrient leakage. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001264. [PMID: 34081691 PMCID: PMC8174726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef is the most resource intensive of all commonly used food items. Disproportionate synthetic fertilizer use during beef production propels a vigorous one-way factory-to-ocean nutrient flux, which alternative agriculture models strive to rectify by enhancing in-farm biogeochemical cycling. Livestock, especially cattle, are central to these models, which advocates describe as the context most likely to overcome beef’s environmental liabilities. Yet the dietary potential of such models is currently poorly known. Here, I thus ask whether nitrogen-sparing agriculture (NSA) can offer a viable alternative to the current US food system. Focusing on the most common eutrophication-causing element, N, I devise a specific model of mixed-use NSA comprising numerous small farms producing human plant-based food and forage, the latter feeding a core intensive beef operation that forgoes synthetic fertilizer and relies only on locally produced manure and N fixers. Assuming the model is deployed throughout the high-quality, precipitation-rich US cropland (delimiting approximately 100 million ha, less than half of today’s agricultural land use) and neglecting potential macroeconomic obstacles to wide deployment, I find that NSA could produce a diverse, high-quality nationwide diet distinctly better than today’s mean US diet. The model also permits 70%–80% of today’s beef consumption, raises today’s protein delivery by 5%–40%, and averts approximately 60% of today’s fertilizer use and approximately 10% of today’s total greenhouse gas emissions. As defined here, NSA is thus potentially a viable, scalable environmentally superior alternative to the current US food system, but only when combined with the commitment to substantially enhance our reliance on plant food. Is nutrient-sparing agriculture a viable alternative to the current U.S. food system? Using a model of nitrogen-sparing agriculture (NSA), this study finds that exclusive reliance on NSA could markedly improve the nutritional quality of the national diet, enhance protein availability, permit some beef consumption, and reduce eutrophication. It will require, however, substantially elevated reliance on plants as the backbone of the diet.
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Seddon N, Smith A, Smith P, Key I, Chausson A, Girardin C, House J, Srivastava S, Turner B. Getting the message right on nature-based solutions to climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1518-1546. [PMID: 33522071 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nature-based solutions (NbS)-solutions to societal challenges that involve working with nature-have recently gained popularity as an integrated approach that can address climate change and biodiversity loss, while supporting sustainable development. Although well-designed NbS can deliver multiple benefits for people and nature, much of the recent limelight has been on tree planting for carbon sequestration. There are serious concerns that this is distracting from the need to rapidly phase out use of fossil fuels and protect existing intact ecosystems. There are also concerns that the expansion of forestry framed as a climate change mitigation solution is coming at the cost of carbon rich and biodiverse native ecosystems and local resource rights. Here, we discuss the promise and pitfalls of the NbS framing and its current political traction, and we present recommendations on how to get the message right. We urge policymakers, practitioners and researchers to consider the synergies and trade-offs associated with NbS and to follow four guiding principles to enable NbS to provide sustainable benefits to society: (1) NbS are not a substitute for the rapid phase out of fossil fuels; (2) NbS involve a wide range of ecosystems on land and in the sea, not just forests; (3) NbS are implemented with the full engagement and consent of Indigenous Peoples and local communities in a way that respects their cultural and ecological rights; and (4) NbS should be explicitly designed to provide measurable benefits for biodiversity. Only by following these guidelines will we design robust and resilient NbS that address the urgent challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss, sustaining nature and people together, now and into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Seddon
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison Smith
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Isabel Key
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandre Chausson
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cécile Girardin
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jo House
- Cabot Institute for the Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Beth Turner
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Département Des Sciences Biologiques, Université Du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Kim DG, Grieco E, Bombelli A, Hickman JE, Sanz-Cobena A. Challenges and opportunities for enhancing food security and greenhouse gas mitigation in smallholder farming in sub-Saharan Africa. A review. Food Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-021-01149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Qin Z, Griscom B, Huang Y, Yuan W, Chen X, Dong W, Li T, Sanderman J, Smith P, Wang F, Yang S. Delayed impact of natural climate solutions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:215-217. [PMID: 33098149 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To limit global temperature rise, scientists have proposed significant potentials for climate change mitigation from protecting and managing natural systems. However, depending on the time taken for technology deployment and natural carbon gain, actual mitigation can be dramatically delayed, and total mitigation by 2030 or 2050 can be more than halved compared to the estimated potential. Delayed or lack of action on implementation would push back the timeline to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, largely undermining the Paris goals. Launching actions now and learning from past experience can help deliver climate mitigation and sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangcai Qin
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | | | - Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiuzhi Chen
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenjie Dong
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Song Yang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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Chausson A, Turner B, Seddon D, Chabaneix N, Girardin CAJ, Kapos V, Key I, Roe D, Smith A, Woroniecki S, Seddon N. Mapping the effectiveness of nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6134-6155. [PMID: 32906226 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nature-based solutions (NbS) to climate change currently have considerable political traction. However, national intentions to deploy NbS have yet to be fully translated into evidence-based targets and action on the ground. To enable NbS policy and practice to be better informed by science, we produced the first global systematic map of evidence on the effectiveness of nature-based interventions for addressing the impacts of climate change and hydrometeorological hazards on people. Most of the interventions in natural or semi-natural ecosystems were reported to have ameliorated adverse climate impacts. Conversely, interventions involving created ecosystems (e.g., afforestation) were associated with trade-offs; such studies primarily reported reduced soil erosion or increased vegetation cover but lower water availability, although this evidence was geographically restricted. Overall, studies reported more synergies than trade-offs between reduced climate impacts and broader ecological, social, and climate change mitigation outcomes. In addition, nature-based interventions were most often shown to be as effective or more so than alternative interventions for addressing climate impacts. However, there were substantial gaps in the evidence base. Notably, there were few studies of the cost-effectiveness of interventions compared to alternatives and few integrated assessments considering broader social and ecological outcomes. There was also a bias in evidence toward the Global North, despite communities in the Global South being generally more vulnerable to climate impacts. To build resilience to climate change worldwide, it is imperative that we protect and harness the benefits that nature can provide, which can only be done effectively if informed by a strengthened evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Chausson
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beth Turner
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dan Seddon
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Chabaneix
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cécile A J Girardin
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valerie Kapos
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabel Key
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dilys Roe
- International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK
| | - Alison Smith
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Woroniecki
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Thematic Studies, Environmental Change Unit, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Seddon
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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50
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Bright RM, Allen M, Antón-Fernández C, Belbo H, Dalsgaard L, Eisner S, Granhus A, Kjønaas OJ, Søgaard G, Astrup R. Evaluating the terrestrial carbon dioxide removal potential of improved forest management and accelerated forest conversion in Norway. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5087-5105. [PMID: 32559355 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a carbon dioxide removal measure, the Norwegian government is currently considering a policy of large-scale planting of spruce (Picea abies (L) H. Karst) on lands in various states of natural transition to a forest dominated by deciduous broadleaved tree species. Given the aspiration to bring emissions on balance with removals in the latter half of the 21st century in effort to limit the global mean temperature rise to "well below" 2°C, the effectiveness of such a policy is unclear given relatively low spruce growth rates in the region. Further convoluting the picture is the magnitude and relevance of surface albedo changes linked to such projects, which typically counteract the benefits of an enhanced forest CO2 sink in high-latitude regions. Here, we carry out a rigorous empirically based assessment of the terrestrial carbon dioxide removal (tCDR) potential of large-scale spruce planting in Norway, taking into account transient developments in both terrestrial carbon sinks and surface albedo over the 21st century and beyond. We find that surface albedo changes would likely play a negligible role in counteracting tCDR, yet given low forest growth rates in the region, notable tCDR benefits from such projects would not be realized until the second half of the 21st century, with maximum benefits occurring even later around 2150. We estimate Norway's total accumulated tCDR potential at 2100 and 2150 (including surface albedo changes) to be 447 (±240) and 852 (±295) Mt CO2 -eq. at mean net present values of US$ 12 (±3) and US$ 13 (±2) per ton CDR, respectively. For perspective, the accumulated tCDR potential at 2100 represents around 8 years of Norway's total current annual production-based (i.e., territorial) CO2 -eq. emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Bright
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Micky Allen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Helmer Belbo
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Aksel Granhus
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Rasmus Astrup
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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