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Liu B, Ahnemann H, Arlotti D, Huyghebaert B, Cuperus F, Tebbe CC. Impact of diversified cropping systems and fertilization strategies on soil microbial abundance and functional potentials for nitrogen cycling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172954. [PMID: 38723956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Diversified cropping systems and fertilization strategies were proposed to enhance the abundance and diversity of the soil microbiome, thereby stabilizing their beneficial services for maintaining soil fertility and supporting plant growth. Here, we assessed across three different long-term field experiments in Europe (Netherlands, Belgium, Northern Germany) whether diversified cropping systems and fertilization strategies also affect their functional gene abundance. Soil DNA was analyzed by quantitative PCR for quantifying bacteria, archaea and fungi as well as functional genes related to nitrogen (N) transformations; including bacterial and archaeal nitrification (amoA-bac,arch), three steps of the denitrification process (nirK, nirS and nosZ-cladeI,II) and N2 assimilation (nifH), respectively. Crop diversification and fertilization strategies generally enhanced soil total carbon (C), N and microbial abundance, but with variation between sites. Overall effects of diversified cropping systems and fertilization strategies on functional genes were much stronger than on the abundance of bacteria, archaea and fungi. The legume-based cropping systems showed great potential not only in stimulating the growth of N-fixing microorganisms but also in boosting downstream functional potentials for N cycling. The sorghum-based intercropping system suppressed soil ammonia oxidizing prokaryotes. N fertilization reduced the abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers except for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, while the application of the synthetic nitrification inhibitor DMPP combined with mineral N reduced growth of both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a strong impact of diversified agricultural practices on the soil microbiome and their functional potentials mediating N transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hauke Ahnemann
- Chamber of Agriculture, Lower Saxony, Vor dem Zoll 2, D-31582 Nienburg, Germany
| | - Donatienne Arlotti
- Walloon agricultural Research Centre; Soil, water and integrated production Unit, 4, rue du Bordia, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bruno Huyghebaert
- Walloon agricultural Research Centre; Soil, water and integrated production Unit, 4, rue du Bordia, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Fogelina Cuperus
- Wageningen University & Research, Edelhertweg 1, NL-8219 PH Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Christoph C Tebbe
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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2
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Dong Q, Zhao X, Sun Y, Zhou D, Lan G, Pu J, Feng C, Zhang H, Shi X, Liu X, Zhang J, Sun Z, Yu H. Border row effects improved the spatial distributions of maize and peanut roots in an intercropping system, associated with improved yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1414844. [PMID: 38988631 PMCID: PMC11233825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1414844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Border row effects impact the ecosystem functions of intercropping systems, with high direct interactions between neighboring row crops in light, water, and nutrients. However, previous studies have mostly focused on aboveground, whereas the effects of intercropping on the spatial distribution of the root system are poorly understood. Field experiments and planting box experiments were combined to explore the yield, dry matter accumulation, and spatial distribution of root morphological indexes, such as root length density (RLD), root surface area density (RSAD), specific root length (SRL), and root diameter (RD), of maize and peanut and interspecific interactions at different soil depths in an intercropping system. Results In the field experiments, the yield of intercropped maize significantly increased by 33.45%; however, the yield of intercropped peanut significantly decreased by 13.40%. The land equivalent ratio (LER) of the maize-peanut intercropping system was greater than 1, and the advantage of intercropping was significant. Maize was highly competitive (A = 0.94, CR=1.54), and the yield advantage is mainly attributed to maize. Intercropped maize had higher RLD, RSAD, and SRL than sole maize, and intercropped peanut had lower RLD, RSAD, and SRL than sole peanut. In the interspecific interaction zone, the increase in RLD, RSAD, SRL, and RD of intercropped maize was greater than that of intercropped peanut, and maize showed greater root morphological plasticity than peanut. A random forest model determined that RSAD significantly impacted yield at 15-60 cm, while SRL had a significant impact at 30-60 cm. Structural equation modeling revealed that root morphology indicators had a greater effect on yield at 30-45 cm, with interactions between indicators being more pronounced at this depth. Conclusion These results show that border-row effects mediate the plasticity of root morphology, which could enhance resource use and increase productivity. Therefore, selecting optimal intercropping species and developing sustainable intercropping production systems is of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Dong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuexin Sun
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongying Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guohu Lan
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junyu Pu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaolong Shi
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xibo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College English Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhanxiang Sun
- Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiqiu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Agriculture and Horticulture, Liaoning Agricultural Vocational and Technical College, Yingkou, Liaoning, China
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3
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Millet CP, Allinne C, Vi T, Marraccini P, Verleysen L, Couderc M, Ruttink T, Zhang D, Sanchéz WS, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, Jeune W, Poncet V. Haitian coffee agroforestry systems harbor complex arabica variety mixtures and under-recognized genetic diversity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299493. [PMID: 38625928 PMCID: PMC11020479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Though facing significant challenges, coffee (Coffea arabica) grown in Haitian agroforestry systems are important contributors to rural livelihoods and provide several ecosystem services. However, little is known about their genetic diversity and the variety mixtures used. In light of this, there is a need to characterize Haitian coffee diversity to help inform revitalization of this sector. We sampled 28 diverse farms in historically important coffee growing regions of northern and southern Haiti. We performed KASP-genotyping of SNP markers and HiPlex multiplex amplicon sequencing for haplotype calling on our samples, as well as several Ethiopian and commercial accessions from international collections. This allowed us to assign Haitian samples to varietal groups. Our analyses revealed considerable genetic diversity in Haitian farms, higher in fact than many farmers realized. Notably, genetic structure analyses revealed the presence of clusters related to Typica, Bourbon, and Catimor groups, another group that was not represented in our reference accession panel, and several admixed individuals. Across the study areas, we found both mixed-variety farms and monovarietal farms with the historical and traditional Typica variety. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to genetically characterize Haitian C. arabica variety mixtures, and report the limited cultivation of C. canephora (Robusta coffee) in the study area. Our results show that some coffee farms are repositories of historical, widely-abandoned varieties while others are generators of new diversity through genetic mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Patrick Millet
- IRD, UMR DIADE, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Environnement, Université de Quisqueya, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- Institut Agro, ABSys, Université Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Clémentine Allinne
- Institut Agro, ABSys, Université Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- GECO, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Tram Vi
- IRD, UMR DIADE, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Agricultural Genetics Institute (AGI), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pierre Marraccini
- IRD, UMR DIADE, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
| | - Lauren Verleysen
- Faculty of Sciences, Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- ILVO, Melle, Belgium
| | - Marie Couderc
- IRD, UMR DIADE, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tom Ruttink
- ILVO, Melle, Belgium
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- USDA-ARS, SPCL, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Wesly Jeune
- Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Environnement, Université de Quisqueya, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- AVSF, Pétion-Ville, Haïti
| | - Valérie Poncet
- IRD, UMR DIADE, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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4
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Rasmussen LV, Grass I, Mehrabi Z, Smith OM, Bezner-Kerr R, Blesh J, Garibaldi LA, Isaac ME, Kennedy CM, Wittman H, Batáry P, Buchori D, Cerda R, Chará J, Crowder DW, Darras K, DeMaster K, Garcia K, Gómez M, Gonthier D, Guzman A, Hidayat P, Hipólito J, Hirons M, Hoey L, James D, John I, Jones AD, Karp DS, Kebede Y, Kerr CB, Klassen S, Kotowska M, Kreft H, Llanque R, Levers C, Lizcano DJ, Lu A, Madsen S, Marques RN, Martins PB, Melo A, Nyantakyi-Frimpong H, Olimpi EM, Owen JP, Pantevez H, Qaim M, Redlich S, Scherber C, Sciligo AR, Snapp S, Snyder WE, Steffan-Dewenter I, Stratton AE, Taylor JM, Tscharntke T, Valencia V, Vogel C, Kremen C. Joint environmental and social benefits from diversified agriculture. Science 2024; 384:87-93. [PMID: 38574149 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural simplification continues to expand at the expense of more diverse forms of agriculture. This simplification, for example, in the form of intensively managed monocultures, poses a risk to keeping the world within safe and just Earth system boundaries. Here, we estimated how agricultural diversification simultaneously affects social and environmental outcomes. Drawing from 24 studies in 11 countries across 2655 farms, we show how five diversification strategies focusing on livestock, crops, soils, noncrop plantings, and water conservation benefit social (e.g., human well-being, yields, and food security) and environmental (e.g., biodiversity, ecosystem services, and reduced environmental externalities) outcomes. We found that applying multiple diversification strategies creates more positive outcomes than individual management strategies alone. To realize these benefits, well-designed policies are needed to incentivize the adoption of multiple diversification strategies in unison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vang Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingo Grass
- Department of Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Biodiversity and Integrative Taxonomy (KomBioTa), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zia Mehrabi
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Better Planet Laboratory, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Mortenson Center for Global Engineering and Resilience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Olivia M Smith
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Blesh
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lucas Alejandro Garibaldi
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Marney E Isaac
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Department of Global Development Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Hannah Wittman
- Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Péter Batáry
- Lendület Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Botany, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Department of Plant Protection, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Kamper, Kampus Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rolando Cerda
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Turri Alba, Costa Rica
| | - Julián Chará
- Center for Research on Sustainable Agricultural Systems (CIPAV), Cali, Colombia
| | - David W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Kathryn DeMaster
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Karina Garcia
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Manuel Gómez
- Federación Colombiana de Ganaderos (FEDEGAN), Bogotá, Columbia
| | - David Gonthier
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Aidee Guzman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Purnama Hidayat
- Department of Plant Protection, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Juliana Hipólito
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Biology Institute, Salvador, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Conselho de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Mark Hirons
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lesli Hoey
- Urban and Regional Planning Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana James
- Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Innocensia John
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Andrew D Jones
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel S Karp
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yodit Kebede
- Eco&Sols, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Susanna Klassen
- Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martyna Kotowska
- Department of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Levers
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Environmental Geography, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute - Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry, and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Diego J Lizcano
- The Nature Conservancy, Latin America North Andes and Central America Region, Bogota, Columbia
| | - Adrian Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sidney Madsen
- Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rosebelly Nunes Marques
- Applied Ecology Graduate Program, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Buss Martins
- Applied Ecology Graduate Program, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - America Melo
- The Nature Conservancy, Latin America North Andes and Central America Region, Bogota, Columbia
| | | | | | - Jeb P Owen
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Heiber Pantevez
- Federación Colombiana de Ganaderos (FEDEGAN), Bogotá, Columbia
| | - Matin Qaim
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Redlich
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Scherber
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum Koenig, Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation Science, Bonn, Germany
- Bonn Institute for Organismic Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Sieglinde Snapp
- Sustainable Agrifood Systems, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Mexico
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anne Elise Stratton
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Sustainable Use of Natural Resources Department, Institute of Social Sciences in Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joseph M Taylor
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Department of Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vivian Valencia
- Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Environment, Agriculture and Geography at Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cassandra Vogel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claire Kremen
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Salse J, Barnard RL, Veneault-Fourrey C, Rouached H. Strategies for breeding crops for future environments. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:303-318. [PMID: 37833181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The green revolution successfully increased agricultural output in the early 1960s by relying primarily on three pillars: plant breeding, irrigation, and chemical fertilization. Today, the need to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, water scarcity, and future environmental changes, together with a growing population, requires innovative strategies to adapt to a new context and prevent food shortages. Therefore, scientists from around the world are directing their efforts to breed crops for future environments to sustainably produce more nutritious food. Herein, we propose scientific avenues to be reinforced in selecting varieties, including crop wild relatives, either for monoculture or mixed cropping systems, taking advantage of plant-microbial interactions, while considering the diversity of organisms associated with crops and unlocking combinatorial nutritional stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Salse
- UCA-INRAE UMR 1095 Genetics, Diversity, and Ecophysiology of Cereals (GDEC), 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Romain L Barnard
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
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6
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Priyadarshana TS, Martin EA, Sirami C, Woodcock BA, Goodale E, Martínez-Núñez C, Lee MB, Pagani-Núñez E, Raderschall CA, Brotons L, Rege A, Ouin A, Tscharntke T, Slade EM. Crop and landscape heterogeneity increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: A global review and meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14412. [PMID: 38549269 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural intensification not only increases food production but also drives widespread biodiversity decline. Increasing landscape heterogeneity has been suggested to increase biodiversity across habitats, while increasing crop heterogeneity may support biodiversity within agroecosystems. These spatial heterogeneity effects can be partitioned into compositional (land-cover type diversity) and configurational heterogeneity (land-cover type arrangement), measured either for the crop mosaic or across the landscape for both crops and semi-natural habitats. However, studies have reported mixed responses of biodiversity to increases in these heterogeneity components across taxa and contexts. Our meta-analysis covering 6397 fields across 122 studies conducted in Asia, Europe, North and South America reveals consistently positive effects of crop and landscape heterogeneity, as well as compositional and configurational heterogeneity for plant, invertebrate, vertebrate, pollinator and predator biodiversity. Vertebrates and plants benefit more from landscape heterogeneity, while invertebrates derive similar benefits from both crop and landscape heterogeneity. Pollinators benefit more from configurational heterogeneity, but predators favour compositional heterogeneity. These positive effects are consistent for invertebrates and vertebrates in both tropical/subtropical and temperate agroecosystems, and in annual and perennial cropping systems, and at small to large spatial scales. Our results suggest that promoting increased landscape heterogeneity by diversifying crops and semi-natural habitats, as suggested in the current UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, is key for restoring biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharaka S Priyadarshana
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Emily A Martin
- Animal Ecology, Institute of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Clélia Sirami
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR Dynafor, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ben A Woodcock
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Eben Goodale
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Carlos Martínez-Núñez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Estación Biológica de Doñana EBD (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Myung-Bok Lee
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Emilio Pagani-Núñez
- Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloé A Raderschall
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Anushka Rege
- Centre for Nature-Based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Annie Ouin
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR Dynafor, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Department of Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
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7
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Marja R, Albrecht M, Herzog F, Öckinger E, Segre H, Kleijn D, Batáry P. Quantifying potential trade-offs and win-wins between arthropod diversity and yield on cropland under agri-environment schemes-A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120277. [PMID: 38325288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In Europe, agri-environment schemes (AES) are a key instrument to combat the ongoing decline of farmland biodiversity. AES aim is to support biodiversity and maintain ecosystem services, such as pollination or pest control. To what extent AES affect crop yield is still poorly understood. We performed a systematic review, including hierarchical meta-analyses, to investigate potential trade-offs and win-wins between the effectiveness of AES for arthropod diversity and agricultural yield on European croplands. Altogether, we found 26 studies with a total of 125 data points that fulfilled our study inclusion criteria. From each study, we extracted data on biodiversity (arthropod species richness and abundance) and yield for fields with AES management and control fields without AES. The majority of the studies reported significantly higher species richness and abundance of arthropods (especially wild pollinators) in fields with AES (31 % increase), but yields were at the same time significantly lower on fields with AES compared to control fields (21 % decrease). Aside from the opportunity costs, AES that promote out-of-production elements (e.g. wildflower strips), supported biodiversity (29-32 % increase) without significantly compromising yield (2-5 % increase). Farmers can get an even higher yield in these situations than in current conventional agricultural production systems without AES. Thus, our study is useful to identify AES demonstrating benefits for arthropod biodiversity with negligible or relatively low costs regarding yield losses. Further optimization of the design and management of AES is needed to improve their effectiveness in promoting both biodiversity and minimizing crop yield losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Marja
- "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Botany, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary.
| | | | - Felix Herzog
- Agroscope, Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Switzerland
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hila Segre
- Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Le'Zion, Israel; Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Péter Batáry
- "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Botany, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
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8
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Alcon F, Albaladejo-García JA, Martínez-García V, Rossi ES, Blasi E, Lehtonen H, Martínez-Paz JM, Zabala JA. Cost benefit analysis of diversified farming systems across Europe: Incorporating non-market benefits of ecosystem services. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169272. [PMID: 38141994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Crop diversification can enhance farm economic sustainability while reducing the negative impact on the environment and ecosystem services related. Despite the market and non-market benefits of crop diversification, monocropping is a widely used dominant practice in Europe. In this context, this works aims to assess the overall economic impact of several crop diversification systems across Europe and compared it to the monocropping system. For this purpose, an economic valuation by integrating market and non-market values for eight case studies distributed across three different European pedoclimatic regions (Southern Mediterranean, Northern Mediterranean and Boreal) is proposed. The economic valuation was conducted both in the short and medium-long term. For the short-term we conducted a social gross margin analysis, while for the medium-long term a cost-benefit analysis is developed. The results show an improvement in social gross margins for most of the diversification scenarios assessed when environmental and socio-cultural benefits are considered in the short-term. In the medium and long-term the transformation of cropping towards a more diversified agriculture is encouraged by greater economic benefits. These results provide a first insight in global economic performance of diversified cropping systems, whose main contribution relies on the integration of market and non-market values of ecosystem services from crop diversification. They are expected to be useful for guiding policy makers to promote crop diversification practices as a key instrument for building resilience in farming systems for an adaptive management to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alcon
- Departamento de Economía de la Empresa, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jose A Albaladejo-García
- Departamento de Economía de la Empresa, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; Departamento de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Victor Martínez-García
- Departamento de Economía de la Empresa, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Eleonora S Rossi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo del Lellis snc, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Emanuele Blasi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo del Lellis snc, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Heikki Lehtonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, PL 2, 00791 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jose M Martínez-Paz
- Departamento de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose A Zabala
- Departamento de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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9
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Radočaj D, Gašparović M, Radočaj P, Jurišić M. Geospatial prediction of total soil carbon in European agricultural land based on deep learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169647. [PMID: 38151124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Accurate geospatial prediction of soil parameters provides a basis for large-scale digital soil mapping, making efficient use of the expensive and time-consuming process of field soil sampling. To date, few studies have used deep learning for geospatial prediction of soil parameters, but there is evidence that it may provide higher accuracy compared to machine learning methods. To address this research gap, this study proposed a deep neural network (DNN) for geospatial prediction of total soil carbon (TC) in European agricultural land and compared it with the eight most commonly used machine learning methods based on studies indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection. A total of 6209 preprocessed soil samples from the Geochemical mapping of agricultural and grazing land soil (GEMAS) dataset in heterogeneous agricultural areas covering 4,899,602 km2 in Europe were used. Prediction was performed based on 96 environmental covariates from climate and remote sensing sources, with extensive comprehensive hyperparameter tuning for all evaluated methods. DNN outperformed all evaluated machine learning methods (R2 = 0.663, RMSE = 9.595, MAE = 5.565), followed by Quantile Random Forest (QRF) (R2 = 0.635, RMSE = 25.993, MAE = 22.081). The ability of DNN to accurately predict small TC values and thus produce relatively low absolute residuals was a major reason for the higher prediction accuracy compared to machine learning methods. Climate parameters were the main factors in the achieved prediction accuracy, with 23 of the 25 environmental covariates with the highest variable importance being climate or land surface temperature parameters. These results demonstrate the superiority of DNN over machine learning methods for TC prediction, while highlighting the need for more recent soil sampling to assess the impact of climate change on TC content in European agricultural land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorijan Radočaj
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Chair of Geoinformation Technology and GIS, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Mateo Gašparović
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Geodesy, Chair of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Kačićeva 26, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Petra Radočaj
- Layer d.o.o., Vukovarska cesta 31, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mladen Jurišić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Chair of Geoinformation Technology and GIS, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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10
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Lóczy D, Dezső J, Weidinger T, Horváth L, Pirkhoffer E, Czigány S. Soil Moisture Conservation through Crop Diversification and Related Ecosystem Services in a Blown-Sand Area with High Drought Hazard. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:494. [PMID: 38498443 PMCID: PMC10893021 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Soil moisture reserves are a key factor in maintaining soil fertility and all other related ecosystem services (including carbon sequestration, soil biodiversity, and soil erosion control). In semiarid blown-sand areas under aridification, water preservation is a particularly crucial task for agriculture. The international Diverfarming project (2017-2022), within the EU Horizon 2020 Program, focused on the impacts of crop diversification and low-input practices in all pedoclimatic regions of Europe. In this three-year experiment conducted in the Pannonian region, the impact of intercropping asparagus with different herbs on some provisioning and regulating ecosystem services was evaluated in the Kiskunság sand regions. Relying on findings based on a range of measured physical and chemical soil parameters and on crop yields and qualitative properties, advice was formulated for farmers. The message drawn from the experiment is somewhat ambiguous. The local farmers agree that crop diversification improves soil quality, but deny that it would directly influence farm competitiveness, which primarily depends on cultivation costs (such as fertilization, plant protection, and labour). Further analyses are needed to prove the long-term benefits of diversification through enriching soil microbial life and through the possible reduction of fertilizer use, while water demand is kept at a low level and the same crop-quality is ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dénes Lóczy
- Department of Physical and Environmental Geography, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (J.D.); (E.P.); (S.C.)
| | - József Dezső
- Department of Physical and Environmental Geography, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (J.D.); (E.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Tamás Weidinger
- Department of Meteorology, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/a, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - László Horváth
- HUN-REN-SZTE Photoacoustic Research Group, Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Ervin Pirkhoffer
- Department of Physical and Environmental Geography, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (J.D.); (E.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Szabolcs Czigány
- Department of Physical and Environmental Geography, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (J.D.); (E.P.); (S.C.)
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11
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Li G, Yu C, Shen P, Hou Y, Ren Z, Li N, Liao Y, Li T, Wen X. Crop diversification promotes soil aggregation and carbon accumulation in global agroecosystems: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119661. [PMID: 38029497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil aggregation contributes to the stability of soil structure and the sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC), making it an important indicator of soil health in agroecosystems. Crop diversification is considered a rational management practice for promoting sustainable agriculture. However, the complexity of cropping systems and crop species across different regions limits our comprehensive understanding of soil aggregation and associated carbon (C) content under crop diversification. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis by integrating 1924 observations from three diversification strategies (cover crops, crop rotation, and intercropping) in global agroecosystems to explore the effects of crop diversification on soil aggregates and associated C content. The results showed that compared to monoculture, crop diversification significantly increased the mean weight diameter and bulk soil C by 7.5% and 3.3%, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the proportion of macroaggregates and their associated C content by 5.0% and 12.5%, while there was a significant decrease in the proportion of microaggregates as well as silt-clay fractions along with their associated C under crop diversification. Through further analysis, we identified several important factors that influence changes in soil aggregation and C content induced by crop diversification including climatic conditions, soil properties, crop species, and agronomic practices at the experimental sites. Interestingly, no significant differences were found among the three cropping systems (cover crops, crop rotation, and intercropping), while the effects induced by crop diversifications showed relatively consistent results for monoculture crops as well as additive crops and crop diversity. Moreover, the impact of crop diversification on soil aggregates and associated C content is influenced by soil properties such as pH and SOC. In general, our findings demonstrate that crop diversification promotes soil aggregation and enhances SOC levels in agroecosystems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Chaoyang Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Pengfei Shen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yuting Hou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Zhangheng Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Na Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yuncheng Liao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxia Wen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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12
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Paut R, Garreau L, Ollivier G, Sabatier R, Tchamitchian M. A global dataset of experimental intercropping and agroforestry studies in horticulture. Sci Data 2024; 11:5. [PMID: 38167852 PMCID: PMC10761691 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Intercropping and agroforestry systems have been increasingly well studied and documented. Yet, so far, no dataset has provided a systematic synthesis of existing data on intercropping experiments in the specific field of horticulture. A systematic literature search was carried using search terms and applied to Web of Science. The resulting dataset includes data from field experiments published in 191 articles covering experiments worldwide, between 1982 and 2022. The selected experiments cover five continents and involved 118 different crop species. Through manual extraction of information from publications, the dataset includes (i) general information on the articles; (ii) experimental site soil and climate conditions; (iii) descriptions of intercropping designs; (iv) crop management practices; (v) measurements of sole crop and intercrop yields and (v) Land Equivalent Ratios. The dataset is arranged in an easily reusable spreadsheet with columns as variables (n = 45) and rows as treatment (n = 1544). The dataset is freely reusable and updateable. We expect that it will provide valuable information for statistical analysis, modeling and innovative farming system design based on intercropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Paut
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR Agronomie, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 91123, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Léa Garreau
- ECODEVELOPPEMENT, INRAE, 84000, Avignon, France
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13
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Liu Y, Huang L, Liu Q, Li Z, Liu C, Yuan J, Liao J, Luo L, Yu C, Feng Y. Effects of tomato-Sedum alfredii Hance intercropping on crop production and Cd remediation as affected by soil types. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3696-3706. [PMID: 38091222 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Intercropping crops with hyperaccumulators is a proven model for coupling crop safety production and soil heavy metal remediation. And both crop genotypes and soil properties might have great impacts on the effect of intercropping. Therefore, a greenhouse pot experiment was designed to investigate the effects of intercropping different tomato varieties with the cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance (S. alfredii Hance) on different soils. The results showed that intercropping promoted Cd uptake by S. alfredii Hance and reduced soil total Cd concentration. There was no significant effect of intercropping on tomato yield and Cd concentration. Different tomato varieties had different effects on tomato yield and Cd concentration. The yield of cherry tomato was 1.04 times higher than that of common large fruit tomato, while the Cd concentration in all parts was lower than that of common large fruit tomato. Different typical zonal soils had different effects on tomato production and soil remediation. And among the four studied soils, tomatoes grown on ZJ soil had the highest yields and lowest fruit Cd concentration, making them more suitable for remediation coupled with safety production. This study provided a comprehensive analysis of tomato production benefits and soil remediation effects, which could be useful as a guide in vegetable safety production coupled with soil remediation practices in the Cd-contaminated greenhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lukuan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qizhen Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhesi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chanjuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiayuan Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lishan Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Livestock Industrial Development Center of Shengzhou, Shengzhou, 312400, China
| | - Ying Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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14
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Yang X, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Niu Y, Christie P, Chen J, Hu H, Chen Y. Optimizing cropping systems to close the gap between economic profitability and environmental health. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2498-2512. [PMID: 37846026 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Supporting food security while maintaining ecosystem sustainability is one of the most important global challenges for humanity. Optimization of cropping systems is expected to promote the ecosystem services of agroecosystems. Yet, how and why cropping system influences the trade-offs between economic profitability and multiple ecosystem services remain poorly understood. We investigate the influence of six cropping systems on trade-offs between economic profitability and multiple ecosystem services after considering 36 agricultural ecosystem properties using field experiment data from 2020 to 2022. We show that designing cropping system is a critical tool to closing the gap between ecosystem sustainability and commercial profitability. Cropping system with three harvests within 2 yr had higher performance in overall ecosystem multiple services through enhancement of supporting, regulating, and economic performance without compromising provisioning compared with four other systems. These systems diminished the trade-off among multiple services, resulting in a 'win-win' situation for economics and multiple services. By contrast, the monoculture and double cropping systems lead to a strong trade-off between pairwise services including ecosystem health and profitability. Our work illustrates the substantial potential of rotation systems with three harvests within 2 yr in enforcing ecosystem services and closing the trade-offs among multiple agricultural ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Ave Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Yuxuan Niu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Christie
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Hangwei Hu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia
| | - Yongliang Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
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15
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Cadel M, Cousin I, Therond O. Relationships between soil ecosystem services in temperate annual field crops: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:165930. [PMID: 37532044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soils provide multiple ecosystem services (ES) that can replace chemical inputs to support agricultural production. However, most arable cropping systems are managed with little concern for preserving ecological functions, which could reduce their ability to provide these ES. An increasing number of studies assess ES from agroecosystems, but analysis of multiple ES distinguishing relationships that may exist between them and between these ES and their drivers is lacking. Thus, we performed a systematic literature review of soil-based ES relationships, with a focus on temperate annual field crops. Forty relevant studies out of 870 were selected for the analysis. We created an original ontology of soil-based ES, based on the indicators used to assess them, to which we added soil-based negative impacts and biomass production (defined as a good) to combine the ES approach and the impact approach. We summarized each positive (synergy), negative (trade-off) or non-significant relationship in these studies, which were either quantitative or qualitative. We highlighted key relationships that have never been investigated in the corpus selected, such as relationships between C sequestration and physical soil quality regulation, soil erosion regulation or soil biodiversity. Relationships between biomass production and soil-based ES or impacts were investigated the most and were mainly non-significant. This suggests there are agroecological practices for which maximizing bundles of ES does not always decrease agricultural production. Relationships between soil biodiversity and soil-based ES were exclusively synergistic or non-significant. Summarizing effects of drivers of these relationships revealed that the three pillars of conservation agriculture - rotation diversification (with ley or legumes), soil coverage with cover crops and reduced tillage - and organic fertilization seem promising practices to help provide balanced bundles of ES and potentially reduce negative agronomic impacts. We highlighted potential trade-offs that should be consciously considered when adapting management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlys Cadel
- ANDRA, Centre de Meuse/Haute-Marne, OPE, F-55290 Bure, France; INRAE, UR 1508 INFO&SOLS, F-45075 Orléans, France.
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16
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Takola E, Bonfanti J, Seppelt R, Beckmann M. An open-access global database of meta-analyses investigating yield and biodiversity responses to different management practices. Data Brief 2023; 51:109696. [PMID: 37965610 PMCID: PMC10641118 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We here present a database of evidence on the impact of agricultural management practices on biodiversity and yield. This database is the result of a systematic literature review, that aimed to identify meta-analyses that use as their response variables any measure of biodiversity and yield. After screening more than 1,086 titles and abstracts, we identified 33 relevant meta-analyses, from which we extracted the overall estimates, the subgroup estimates as well as all information related to them (effect size metric, taxonomic group, crop type etc.). We also extracted information relative to the empirical studies used for each meta-analysis and recorded the countries in which they took place and assessed the quality of each meta-analysis. Our dataset is publicly accessible and can be used for conducting second-order meta-analyses on the effect of management measures on species richness, taxon abundance, biomass and yields. It can also be used to create evidence maps on agriculture-related questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Takola
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bonfanti
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ralf Seppelt
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Institute of Geoscience & Geography, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Beckmann
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
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17
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Guinet M, Adeux G, Cordeau S, Courson E, Nandillon R, Zhang Y, Munier-Jolain N. Fostering temporal crop diversification to reduce pesticide use. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7416. [PMID: 37973850 PMCID: PMC10654721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal crop diversification could reduce pesticide use by increasing the proportion of crops with low pesticide use (dilution effects) or enhancing the regulation of pests, weeds and diseases (regulation effects). Here, we use the French National DEPHY Network to compare pesticide use between 16 main crops (dilution effect) and to assess whether temporal crop taxonomic and functional diversification, as implemented in commercial farms specialized in arable field crops, could explain variability in total pesticide use within 16 main crops (regulation effect). The analyses are based on 14,556 crop observations belonging to 1334 contrasted cropping systems spanning the diversity of French climatic regions. We find that cropping systems with high temporal crop diversity generally include crops with low pesticide use. For several crops, total pesticide use is reduced under higher temporal crop functional diversity, temporal crop taxonomic diversity, or both. Higher cover crop frequency increases total pesticide use through an increase in herbicide use. Further studies are required to identify crop sequences that maximize regulation and dilution effects while achieving other facets of cropping system multiperformance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maé Guinet
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Guillaume Adeux
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Cordeau
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Emeric Courson
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Nandillon
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Yaoyun Zhang
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Munier-Jolain
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
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18
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Aguilera-Huertas J, Cuartero J, Ros M, Pascual JA, Parras-Alcántara L, González-Rosado M, Özbolat O, Zornoza R, Egea-Cortines M, Hurtado-Navarro M, Lozano-García B. How binomial (traditional rainfed olive grove-Crocus sativus) crops impact the soil bacterial community and enhance microbial capacities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118572. [PMID: 37421720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping can favour the yield of the main crop. However, because of the potential competition among woody crops, this system is rarely used by farmers. To increase knowledge about the intercropping system, we have explored three different combinations of alley cropping in rainfed olive groves compared to conventional management (CP): (i) Crocus sativus (D-S); (ii) Vicia sativa/Avena sativa in annual rotation (D-O); and (iii) Lavandula x intermedia (D-L). Different soil chemical properties were analyzed to evaluate the effects of alley cropping, while 16S rRNA amplification and enzymatic activities were determined to study the changes that occurred in soil microbial communities and activity. In addition, the influence of intercropping on the potential functionality of the soil microbial community was measured. Data revealed that the intercropping systems highly affected the microbial community and soil properties. The D-S cropping system increased soil total organic carbon and total nitrogen that were correlated with the bacterial community, indicating that both parameters were the main drivers shaping the structure of the bacterial community. The D-S soil cropping system had significantly higher relative abundances of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Patescibacteria compared to the other systems and the genera Adhaeribacter, Arthrobacter, Rubellimicrobium, and Ramlibacter, related to C and N functions. D-S soil was also related to the highest relative abundances of Pseudoarthrobacter and Haliangium, associated with the plant growth-promoting effect, antifungal activity, and a potential P solubilizer. A potentially increase of C fixation and N fixation in soils was also observed in the D-S cropping system. These positive changes were related to the cessation of tillage and the development of a spontaneous cover crop, which increased soil protection. Thus, management practices that contribute to increasing soil cover should be encouraged to improve soil functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Aguilera-Huertas
- SUMAS Research Group, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence - ceiA3, University of Cordoba, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jessica Cuartero
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Grupo de Enzimología y Biorremediación de suelos y residuos Orgánicos. Centro de Edafología y Biología aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Margarita Ros
- Grupo de Enzimología y Biorremediación de suelos y residuos Orgánicos. Centro de Edafología y Biología aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Pascual
- Grupo de Enzimología y Biorremediación de suelos y residuos Orgánicos. Centro de Edafología y Biología aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Parras-Alcántara
- SUMAS Research Group, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence - ceiA3, University of Cordoba, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Rosado
- SUMAS Research Group, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence - ceiA3, University of Cordoba, 14071, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Agricultural Science, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Onurcan Özbolat
- Department of Agricultural Science, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Plaza del Hospital s/n, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Raúl Zornoza
- Department of Agricultural Science, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Plaza del Hospital s/n, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Marcos Egea-Cortines
- Department of Agricultural Science, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Plaza del Hospital s/n, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - María Hurtado-Navarro
- Grupo de Enzimología y Biorremediación de suelos y residuos Orgánicos. Centro de Edafología y Biología aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lozano-García
- SUMAS Research Group, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence - ceiA3, University of Cordoba, 14071, Cordoba, Spain.
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19
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Lago-Olveira S, Rebolledo-Leiva R, Garofalo P, Moreira MT, González-García S. Environmental and economic benefits of wheat and chickpea crop rotation in the Mediterranean region of Apulia (Italy). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165124. [PMID: 37364835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Wheat plays an essential role in safeguarding global food security. However, its intensive agricultural production, aimed at maximizing crop yields and associated economic benefits, jeopardizes many ecosystem services and the economic stability of farmers. Rotations with leguminous are recognized as a promising strategy in favor of sustainable agriculture. However, not all crop rotations are suitable for promoting sustainability and their implications on agricultural soil and crop quality should be carefully analyzed. This research aims to demonstrate the environmental and economic benefits of introducing chickpea into a wheat-based system under Mediterranean pedo-climatic conditions. For this purpose, the crop rotation "wheat-chickpea" was evaluated and compared with the conventional regime (wheat monoculture) by means of life cycle assessment methodology. For this purpose, inventory data (e.g., agrochemical doses, machinery, energy consumption, production yield, among others) was compiled for each crop and cropping system, thus converted into environmental impacts based on two functional units: 1 ha per year and one € of gross margin. Eleven environmental indicators were analyzed, including soil quality and biodiversity loss. Results indicate that chickpea-wheat rotation system offers lower environmental impacts, regardless of the functional unit considered. Global warming (18 %) and freshwater ecotoxicity (20 %) were the categories with the largest reductions. Furthermore, a remarkable increase (96 %) in gross margin was observed with the rotation system, due to the low cost of chickpea cultivation and its higher market price. Nevertheless, proper fertilizer management remains essential to fully attain the environmental benefits of crop rotation with legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lago-Olveira
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Rebolledo-Leiva
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pasquale Garofalo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Moreira
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara González-García
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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20
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Antichi D, Pampana S, Tramacere LG, Biarnes V, Stute I, Kadžiulienė Ž, Howard B, Duarte I, Balodis O, Bertin I, Makowski D, Guilpart N. An experimental dataset on yields of pulses across Europe. Sci Data 2023; 10:708. [PMID: 37848459 PMCID: PMC10582191 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Future European agriculture should achieve high productivity while limiting its impact on the environment. Legume-supported crop rotations could contribute to these goals, as they request less nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs, show high resource use efficiency and support biodiversity. However, legumes grown for their grain (pulses) are not widely cultivated in Europe. To further expand their cultivation, it remains crucial to better understand how different cropping and environmental features affect pulses production in Europe. To address this gap, we collected the grain yields of the most cultivated legumes across European countries, from both published scientific papers and unpublished experiments of the European projects LegValue and Legato. Data were integrated into an open-source, easily updatable dataset, including 5229 yield observations for five major pulses: chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). These data were collected in 177 field experiments across 21 countries, from 37° N (southern Italy) to 63° N (Finland) of latitude, and from ca. 8° W (western Spain) to 47° E (Turkey), between 1980 and 2020. Our dataset can be used to quantify the effects of the soil, climate, and agronomic factors affecting pulses yields in Europe and could contribute to identifying the most suitable cropping areas in Europe to grow pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Antichi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy.
- Centre for Agri-environmental Research "Enrico Avanzi", University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina 2, San Piero a Grado, 56122, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pampana
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
- Centre for Agri-environmental Research "Enrico Avanzi", University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina 2, San Piero a Grado, 56122, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gabriele Tramacere
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
- Centre for Agri-environmental Research "Enrico Avanzi", University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina 2, San Piero a Grado, 56122, Italy
| | - Véronique Biarnes
- Terres Inovia, Avenue Lucien Bretignières, Campus de Grignon, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France
| | - Ina Stute
- Fachhochschule Südwestfalen, Lübecker Ring 2, Soest, 59494, Germany
| | - Žydrė Kadžiulienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, Kėdainiai, LT-58344, Lithuania
| | - Becky Howard
- PGRO Research Limited, The Research Station, Great North Road, Thornhaugh, Peterborough, PE8 6HJ, UK
| | - Isabel Duarte
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaçao Agraria e Veterinaria, Estrada de Gil Vaz, Apartado 6, 7351-901, Elvas, Portugal
| | - Oskars Balodis
- Faculty of Agriculture, Latvia University of Agriculture, Lielâ iela 2, Jelgava, LV-3001, Latvia
| | - Iris Bertin
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Agronomie, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - David Makowski
- University Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA Paris-Saclay, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nicolas Guilpart
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Agronomie, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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21
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Bonfanti J, Langridge J, Beillouin D. A global database to catalogue the impacts of agricultural management practices on terrestrial biodiversity. Data Brief 2023; 50:109555. [PMID: 37753256 PMCID: PMC10518681 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and degradation due to global agriculture land use is a major threat to biodiversity. Identifying agricultural management practices that mitigate these impacts is urgently needed. Thousands of experiments have been conducted worldwide in the last decades to compare the impacts of various agricultural management practices on biodiversity. The magnitudes of difference in biodiversity responses between pairs of agricultural practices, i.e. effect sizes, have now been synthesised in a growing number of meta-analyses. Yet, each meta-analysis generally focuses on a specific type of farming practice and on specific taxonomic groups, or a single region. Meta-analyses could furthermore yield different or sometimes opposite results for the similar research questions. Gathering all the effect sizes in one single dataset helps to critically assess and weigh the available evidence across all studied practices, taxonomic groups and geographical areas, and provide stakeholders a solid base to better inform their decisions. Here, we present a comprehensive dataset of 200 published meta-analyses gathering 1885 effect sizes based on more than 14 000 primary studies. We detail the effect of 8 main individual field practices (e.g. pest and disease management, amendment and fertilisation), 3 agricultural systems (e.g. organic farming, conservation agriculture) and 2 landscape level interventions (i.e. landscape complexity, land-use change). Our dataset covers numerous taxonomic groups over 14 phyla, including animals (e.g. birds, insects), microorganisms (e.g. fungi, bacteria), plants (e.g. trees, weeds). The dataset presented provides a resource to support decision-makers, farmers, and conservation ecologists alike for managing agricultural land for biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bonfanti
- CIRAD, UPR HortSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- FRB-CESAB, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité – Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité, 5 rue de l'école de médecine 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Joseph Langridge
- FRB-CESAB, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité – Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité, 5 rue de l'école de médecine 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Beillouin
- CIRAD, UPR HortSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, UPR HortSys, F-97285, Le Lamentin, Martinique, France
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22
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Levionnois S, Pradal C, Fournier C, Sanner J, Robert C. Modeling the Impact of Proportion, Sowing Date, and Architectural Traits of a Companion Crop on Foliar Fungal Pathogens of Wheat in Crop Mixtures. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1876-1889. [PMID: 37097642 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-22-0197-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Diversification of cropping systems is a lever for the management of epidemics. However, most research to date has focused on cultivar mixtures, especially for cereals, even though crop mixtures can also improve disease management. To investigate the benefits of crop mixtures, we studied the effect of different crop mixture characteristics (i.e., companion proportion, sowing date, and traits) on the protective effect of the mixture. We developed a SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Removed) model of two damaging wheat diseases (Zymoseptoria tritici and Puccinia triticina), which were applied to different canopy components, ascribable to wheat and a theoretical companion crop. We used the model to study the sensitivity of disease intensity to the following parameters: wheat-versus-companion proportion, companion sowing date and growth, and architectural traits. For both pathogens, the companion proportion had the strongest effect, with 25% of companion reducing disease severity by 50%. However, changing companion growth and architectural traits also significantly improved the protective effect. The effect of companion characteristics was consistent across different weather conditions. After decomposing the dilution and barrier effects, the model suggested that the barrier effect is maximized for an intermediate proportion of companion crop. Our study thus supports crop mixtures as a promising strategy to improve disease management. Future studies should identify real species and determine the combination of host and companion traits to maximize the protective effect of the mixture. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Levionnois
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Campus Agro Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Pradal
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, 34398 Montpellier, France
- INRIA & LIRMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Fournier
- UMR LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Sanner
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Campus Agro Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Corinne Robert
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Campus Agro Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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23
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Agathokleous E, Frei M, Knopf OM, Muller O, Xu Y, Nguyen TH, Gaiser T, Liu X, Liu B, Saitanis CJ, Shang B, Alam MS, Feng Y, Ewert F, Feng Z. Adapting crop production to climate change and air pollution at different scales. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:854-865. [PMID: 37845546 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and climate change are tightly interconnected and jointly affect field crop production and agroecosystem health. Although our understanding of the individual and combined impacts of air pollution and climate change factors is improving, the adaptation of crop production to concurrent air pollution and climate change remains challenging to resolve. Here we evaluate recent advances in the adaptation of crop production to climate change and air pollution at the plant, field and ecosystem scales. The main approaches at the plant level include the integration of genetic variation, molecular breeding and phenotyping. Field-level techniques include optimizing cultivation practices, promoting mixed cropping and diversification, and applying technologies such as antiozonants, nanotechnology and robot-assisted farming. Plant- and field-level techniques would be further facilitated by enhancing soil resilience, incorporating precision agriculture and modifying the hydrology and microclimate of agricultural landscapes at the ecosystem level. Strategies and opportunities for crop production under climate change and air pollution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oliver M Knopf
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 2: plant sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Onno Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 2: plant sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yansen Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bo Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shahedul Alam
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yanru Feng
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Haan NL, Benucci GNM, Fiser CM, Bonito G, Landis DA. Contrasting effects of bioenergy crops on biodiversity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh7960. [PMID: 37738354 PMCID: PMC10516493 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh7960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is driving biodiversity loss, and future bioenergy cropping systems have the potential to ameliorate or exacerbate these effects. Using a long-term experimental array of 10 bioenergy cropping systems, we quantified diversity of plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, and microbes in each crop. For many taxonomic groups, alternative annual cropping systems provided no biodiversity benefits when compared to corn (the business-as-usual bioenergy crop in the United States), and simple perennial grass-based systems provided only modest gains. In contrast, for most animal groups, richness in plant-diverse perennial systems was much higher than in annual crops or simple perennial systems. Microbial richness patterns were more eclectic, although some groups responded positively to plant diversity. Future agricultural landscapes incorporating plant-diverse perennial bioenergy cropping systems could be of high conservation value. However, increased use of annual crops will continue to have negative effects, and simple perennial grass systems may provide little improvement over annual crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L. Haan
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gian N. M. Benucci
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Fiser
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Douglas A. Landis
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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25
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Zeng S, Li J, Wanger TC. Agroecology, technology, and stakeholder awareness: Implementing the UN Food Systems Summit call for action. iScience 2023; 26:107510. [PMID: 37636044 PMCID: PMC10450411 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global food system must meet the increasing demand for food, fiber, and energy while reducing environmental impacts. The UN Food System Summit (UNFSS) has made a clear call to action for a global food systems transformation. We argue that three major discrepancies remain, potentially delaying the urgent implementation of the call to action. First, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are not sufficiently focused on agriculture, leading to funding allocation issues. Second, a mismatch of agroecology with technology innovations may slow scaling agroecological farming. Lastly, agricultural diversification must move beyond organic landscapes and into conventional agriculture. As a solution, principles of NbS should be clear on agricultural integration. Moreover, stakeholder awareness must increase that agroecology does not necessarily conflict with agricultural technologies. Future agricultural models must apply measures such as agricultural diversification in conjunction with technology innovations to then ascertain an overall timely and successful implementation of the UNFSS call to action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Zeng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems & Engineering Lab, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems & Engineering Lab, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Thomas Cherico Wanger
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems & Engineering Lab, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- GlobalAgroforestryNetwork.org, Hangzhou, China
- ChinaRiceNetwork.org, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Wang X, Blesh J, Rao P, Paliwal A, Umashaanker M, Jain M. Mapping cover crop species in southeastern Michigan using Sentinel-2 satellite data and Google Earth Engine. Front Artif Intell 2023; 6:1035502. [PMID: 37664077 PMCID: PMC10474576 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2023.1035502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cover crops are a critical agricultural practice that can improve soil quality, enhance crop yields, and reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from farms. Yet there is limited understanding of the extent to which cover crops have been adopted across large spatial and temporal scales. Remote sensing offers a low-cost way to monitor cover crop adoption at the field scale and at large spatio-temporal scales. To date, most studies using satellite data have mapped the presence of cover crops, but have not identified specific cover crop species, which is important because cover crops of different plant functional types (e.g., legumes, grasses) perform different ecosystem functions. Here we use Sentinel-2 satellite data and a random forest classifier to map the cover crop species cereal rye and red clover, which represent grass and legume functional types, in the River Raisin watershed in southeastern Michigan. Our maps of agricultural landcover across this region, including the two cover crop species, had moderate to high accuracies, with an overall accuracy of 83%. Red clover and cereal rye achieved F1 scores that ranged from 0.7 to 0.77, and user's and producer's accuracies that ranged from 63.3% to 86.2%. The most common misclassification of cover crops was fallow fields with remaining crop stubble, which often looked similar because these cover crop species are typically planted within existing crop stubble, or interseeded into a grain crop. We found that red-edge bands and images from the end of April and early July were the most important for classification accuracy. Our results demonstrate the potential to map individual cover crop species using Sentinel-2 imagery, which is critical for understanding the environmental outcomes of increasing crop diversity on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Meha Jain
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Lee MB. Environmental factors affecting honey bees ( Apis cerana) and cabbage white butterflies ( Pieris rapae) at urban farmlands. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15725. [PMID: 37520259 PMCID: PMC10386823 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid urbanization results in a significantly increased urban population, but also the loss of agricultural lands, thus raising a concern for food security. Urban agriculture has received increasing attention as a way of improving food access in urban areas and local farmers' livelihoods. Although vegetable-dominant small urban farmlands are relatively common in China, little is known about environmental factors associated with insects that could affect ecosystem services at these urban farmlands, which in turn influences agricultural productivity. Using Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) and cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) as examples, I investigated how environmental features within and surrounding urban farmlands affected insect pollinator (bee) and pest (butterfly) abundance in a megacity of China during winters. I considered environmental features at three spatial scales: fine (5 m-radius area), local (50 m-radius area), and landscape (500 m-raidus and 1 km-radius areas). While the abundance of P. rapae increased with local crop diversity, it was strongly negatively associated with landscape-scale crop and weed covers. A. cerana responded positively to flower cover at the fine scale. Their abundance also increased with local-scale weed cover but decreased with increasing landscape-scale weed cover. The abundance of A. cerana tended to decrease with increasing patch density of farmlands within a landscape, i.e., farmland fragmentation. These results suggest that cultivating too diverse crops at urban farmlands can increase crop damage; however, the damage may be alleviated at farmlands embedded in a landscape with more crop cover. Retaining a small amount of un-harvested flowering crops and weedy vegetation within a farmland, especially less fragmented farmland can benefit A. cerana when natural resources are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Bok Lee
- Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Beillouin D, Corbeels M, Demenois J, Berre D, Boyer A, Fallot A, Feder F, Cardinael R. A global meta-analysis of soil organic carbon in the Anthropocene. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3700. [PMID: 37349294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities profoundly impact soil organic carbon (SOC), affecting its contribution to ecosystem services such as climate regulation. Here, we conducted a thorough review of the impacts of land-use change, land management, and climate change on SOC. Using second-order meta-analysis, we synthesized findings from 230 first-order meta-analyses comprising over 25,000 primary studies. We show that (i) land conversion for crop production leads to high SOC loss, that can be partially restored through land management practices, particularly by introducing trees and incorporating exogenous carbon in the form of biochar or organic amendments, (ii) land management practices that are implemented in forests generally result in depletion of SOC, and (iii) indirect effects of climate change, such as through wildfires, have a greater impact on SOC than direct climate change effects (e.g., from rising temperatures). The findings of our study provide strong evidence to assist decision-makers in safeguarding SOC stocks and promoting land management practices for SOC restoration. Furthermore, they serve as a crucial research roadmap, identifying areas that require attention to fill the knowledge gaps concerning the factors driving changes in SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Beillouin
- CIRAD, UPR HortSys, Montpellier, France.
- HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Marc Corbeels
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- IITA, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julien Demenois
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Turrialba, Costa Rica
- CATIE, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - David Berre
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- CIRDES, USPAE, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Abigail Fallot
- CIRAD, UMR SENS, Montpellier, France
- SENS, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Feder
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et Risque, Montpellier, France
- Recyclage et Risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Rémi Cardinael
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Plant Production Sciences and Technologies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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30
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Ullah A, Mishra AK, Bavorova M. Agroforestry Adoption Decision in Green Growth Initiative Programs: Key Lessons from the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP). ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 71:950-964. [PMID: 36759399 PMCID: PMC10083156 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adoption of agroforestry in the early spring under the green growth initiative programs, such as the Billion Trees Afforestation Project, has positively impacted crop productivity and plantation success in Pakistan. However, the timely adoption decision of agroforestry in the Hindu Kush Himalayan is still low, particularly among smallholders. Using a mixed-method approach, we examine the factors influencing smallholder households and community-level timely agroforestry adoption decisions. Findings show that the early and later decision-makers farmers had agricultural lands on riversides and primarily adopted agroforestry to protect their crops from devastating effects of winds and floods. In contrast, late adoption decision-makers adopted agroforestry for income diversification. Results of our logit model show that several household and community-level factors influence smallholders' timely adoption of agroforestry. The factors that positively affect the timely adoption of agroforestry include age-related factors, education, and the establishment/existence of functional community-based organizations. In contrast, political conflicts and tenure insecurity negatively affect smallholders' timely adoption of agroforestry. In-depth interviews with Village Development Committees members revealed that terrace farming, farms on riversides, communities without access to other energy sources, population growth, and low farm acreage ensured the timely adoption of agroforestry. The policy recommendations include strengthening collaborative efforts among community members, especially engaging educated old-aged farmers (elders of traditional communities) to increase adoption rates and land tenure security to ensure timely agroforestry adoption under the newly launched 10-BTAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Ullah
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Ashok K Mishra
- Morrison School of Agribusiness, W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University, 7271 E Sonoran Arroyo Mall, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Miroslava Bavorova
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Wang J, Su D, Wu Q, Li G, Cao Y. Study on eco-efficiency of cultivated land utilization based on the improvement of ecosystem services and emergy analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163489. [PMID: 37076003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated land is the result of the cooperation between humans and nature. The utilization of cultivated land hopes to realize a "win-win" situation of food production and ecological protection to promote sustainable development. Previous studies on the eco-efficiency of agro-ecosystem mainly considered material input, agricultural product output and environmental pollution, and did not systematically include the natural input and ecological product output, which had limitations on the study of sustainable development of cultivated land utilization. Therefore, this study initially used emergy analysis and ecosystem service assessment methods to include the natural input and ecosystem service output of cultivated land into the assessment framework of eco-efficiency of cultivated land utilization (ECLU) and used the Super-SBM model to calculate the ECLU in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in China. In addition, we also discussed the influencing factors of ECLU by the OLS model. Here we show that the ECLU was lower in cities with higher agricultural intensive utilization in the YRD. And in cities with better ecological conditions, the ECLU value obtained based on our adjusted ECLU assessment framework was higher than the traditional agricultural eco-efficiency assessment, indicating that the assessment method in this study paid more attention to ecological protection in the application. In addition, we found that crop diversity, paddy/dry land ratio, cultivated land fragmentation and terrain are the factors affecting the ECLU. This study helps provide a scientific basis for decision-makers to improve the ecological function of cultivated land based on ensuring food security and furthermore promote regional sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guoyu Li
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Land Academy for National Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Koozehgar Kaleji M, Kazemi H, Kamkar B, Amirnejad H, Hosseinalizadeh M. Evaluation, quantification, and mapping of ecosystem services in canola agroecosystems. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-023-00552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Mangan R, Bussière LF, Polanczyk RA, Tinsley MC. Increasing ecological heterogeneity can constrain biopesticide resistance evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 2023:S0169-5347(23)00016-2. [PMID: 36906434 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biopesticides containing living parasites are valuable emerging crop protection technologies against insect pests, but they are vulnerable to resistance evolution. Fortunately, the fitness of alleles that provide resistance, including to parasites used in biopesticides, frequently depends on parasite identity and environmental conditions. This context-specificity suggests a sustainable approach to biopesticide resistance management through landscape diversification. To mitigate resistance risks, we advocate increasing the range of biopesticides available to farmers, whilst simultaneously encouraging other aspects of landscape-wide crop heterogeneity that can generate variable selection on resistance alleles. This approach requires agricultural stakeholders to prioritize diversity as well as efficiency, both within agricultural landscapes and the biocontrol marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Mangan
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Luc F Bussière
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, The University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Antônio Polanczyk
- Júlio de Mesquita Filho State University of São Paulo, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences of Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Matthew C Tinsley
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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Dynamic of the Soil Microbiota in Short-Term Crop Rotation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020400. [PMID: 36836761 PMCID: PMC9961364 DOI: 10.3390/life13020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop rotation is one of the oldest and most effective methods of restoring soil fertility, which declines when the same plant is grown repeatedly. One of the reasons for a reduction in fertility is the accumulation of pathogenic and unfavorable microbiota. The modern crop rotation schemes (a set of plant species and their order in the crop rotation) are highly effective but are designed without considering soil microbiota dynamics. The main goal of this study was to perform a short-term experiment with multiple plant combinations to access the microbiological effects of crop rotation. It could be useful for the design of long-term crop rotation schemes that take the microbiological effects of the crop rotation into account. For the analysis, five plants (legumes: vetch, clover, and cereals: oats, wheat, and barley) were used. These five plants were separately grown in pots with soil. After the first phase of vegetation, the plants were removed from the soil and a new crop was planted. Soil samples from all 25 possible combinations of primary and secondary crops were investigated using v4-16S rDNA gene sequencing. It was shown that the short-term experiments (up to 40 days of growing) are effective enough to find microbial shifts in bulk soil from different plants. Both primary and secondary cultures are significant factors for the microbial composition of microbial soil communities. Changes are the most significant in the microbial communities of vetch soils, especially in the case of vetch monoculture. Growing clover also leads to changes in microbiota, especially according to beta-diversity. Data obtained can be used to develop new crop rotation schemes that take into account the microbiological effects of various crops.
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Plant litter strengthens positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships over time. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:473-484. [PMID: 36599737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant biodiversity-productivity relationships become stronger over time in grasslands, forests, and agroecosystems. Plant shoot and root litter is important in mediating these positive relationships, yet the functional role of plant litter remains overlooked in long-term experiments. We propose that plant litter strengthens biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships over time in four ways by providing decomposing detritus that releases nitrogen (N) over time for uptake by existing and succeeding plants, enhancing overall soil fertility, changing soil community composition, and reducing the impact of residue-borne pathogens and pests. We bring new insights into how diversity-productivity relationships may change over time and suggest that the diversification of crop residue retention through increased residue diversity from plant mixtures will improve the sustainability of food production systems.
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36
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Leroux L, Clermont-Dauphin C, Ndienor M, Jourdan C, Roupsard O, Seghieri J. A spatialized assessment of ecosystem service relationships in a multifunctional agroforestry landscape of Senegal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158707. [PMID: 36099958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agroforestry systems are an integral part of Sub-Saharan agricultural landscapes. Studies conducted at tree or plot scales on the supply of ecosystem services (ES) suggest that agroforestry practices are a promising way to build multifunctional agricultural landscapes. However, the current characterization and understanding of how multiple ES are associated across such heterogeneous agricultural landscapes are still limited. This study provides the first characterization of the multiple ESs supplied by a Sahelian Faidherbia albida agroforestry parkland and their relationships. Relying on field data for 11 ES indicators, recent advances in remote sensing-derived information, and blending different ES mapping approaches, we first assessed the spatial heterogeneity of the supply of each ES. We found that the majority of ES indicators remained below ES potential values over the study area by 25 % to 50 %, revealing that there is a considerable scope for increasing the ES supply in the F. albida parkland. Then, using a scoring approach, we analyzed the supply of multiple ESs. We observed a large number of hotspots and a clear effect of the proximity of F. albida trees fostering the supply of multiple ESs in their vicinity. Finally, we mapped and analyzed the dominant relationships - trade-offs, synergies or losses - between ESs from a cooccurrence spatial approach. We showed that significant trade-offs and losses (58 % of the area) between ESs can exist in the F. albida parkland. Interestingly, we also showed that synergies occurred mainly up to 10 m from the F. albida trees, suggesting that synergies need to be increased beyond this threshold. By adopting an original ES valuation framework, we provided basic insights into ESs and their relationships. The different maps and information generated can support public debates and target new policies fostering the multifunctionality of F. albida parklands as well as in various other parklands of West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leroux
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Nairobi, Kenya; AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; IITA, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - C Clermont-Dauphin
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - M Ndienor
- Laboratoire National de Recherches sur les Productions Végétales, ISRA, Dakar, Senegal
| | - C Jourdan
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, BP1386, CP18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | - O Roupsard
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, BP1386, CP18524, Dakar, Senegal; LMI IESOL, Centre IRD-ISRA de Bel Air, BP1386, CP18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | - J Seghieri
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Zou Y, Zhong Y, Yu H, Pokharel SS, Fang W, Chen F. Impacts of Ecological Shading by Roadside Trees on Tea Foliar Nutritional and Bioactive Components, Community Diversity of Insects and Soil Microbes in Tea Plantation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121800. [PMID: 36552309 PMCID: PMC9775167 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Roadside trees not only add aesthetic appeal to tea plantations, but also serve important ecological purposes for the shaded tea plants. In this study, we selected tea orchards with two access roads, from east to west (EW-road) and from south to north (SN-road), and the roadside trees formed three types of ecological shading of the adjoining tea plants; i.e., south shading (SS) by the roadside trees on the EW-road, and east shading and west shading (ES and WS) by the roadside trees on the SN-road. We studied the impacts of ecological shading by roadside trees on the tea plants, insects, and soil microbes in the tea plantation, by measuring the contents of soluble nutrients, bioactive compounds in the tea, and tea quality indices; and by investigating the population occurrence of key species of insects and calculating insect community indexes, while simultaneously assaying the soil microbiome. The results vividly demonstrated that the shading formed by roadside tree lines on the surrounding tea plantation (SS, ES, and WS) had adverse effects on the concentration of tea soluble sugars but enhanced the foliar contents of bioactive components and improved the overall tea quality, in contrast to the no-shading control tea plants. In addition, the roadside tree lines seemed to be beneficial for the tea plantation, as they reduced pest occurrence, and ES shading enhanced the microbial soil diversity in the rhizosphere of the tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanni Zhong
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Forest Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Sabin Saurav Pokharel
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wanping Fang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (W.F.); (F.C.); Tel.: +86-13512504245 (W.F.); +86-13675173286 (F.C.)
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (W.F.); (F.C.); Tel.: +86-13512504245 (W.F.); +86-13675173286 (F.C.)
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Jones SK, Sánchez AC, Beillouin D, Juventia SD, Mosnier A, Remans R, Carmona NE. Achieving win-win outcomes for biodiversity and yield through diversified farming. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Drinkwater LE, Snapp SS. Advancing the science and practice of ecological nutrient management for smallholder farmers. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.921216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil degradation is widespread in smallholder agrarian communities across the globe where limited resource farmers struggle to overcome poverty and malnutrition. This review lays out the scientific basis and practical management options for an ecologically based approach to sustainably managing soil fertility, with particular attention to smallholder subsistence systems. We seek to change the trajectory of development programs that continue to promote inorganic fertilizers and other high input strategies to resource constrained smallholders, despite ample evidence that this approach is falling short of food security goals and contributing to resource degradation. Ecological nutrient management (ENM) is an agroecological approach to managing the biogeochemical cycles that govern soil ecosystem services and soil fertility. The portfolio of ENM strategies extends beyond reliance on inorganic fertilizers and is guided by the following five principles: (1) Build soil organic matter and other nutrient reserves. (2) Minimize the size of N and P pools that are the most susceptible to loss. (3) Maximize agroecosystem capacity to use soluble, inorganic N and P. (4) Use functional and phylogenetic biodiversity to minimize bare fallows and maximize presence of growing plants. (5) Construct agroecosystem and field scale mass balances to track net nutrient flows over multiple growing seasons. Strategic increases in spatial and temporal plant species diversity is a core ENM tactic that expands agroecosystem multifunctionality to meet smallholder priorities beyond soil restoration and crop yields. Examples of ENM practices include the use of functionally designed polycultures, diversified rotations, reduced fallow periods, increased reliance on legumes, integrated crop-livestock production, and use of variety of soil amendments. These practices foster soil organic matter accrual and restoration of soil function, both of which underpin agroecosystem resilience. When ENM is first implemented, short-term yield outcomes are variable; however, over the long-term, management systems that employ ENM can increase yields, yield stability, profitability and food security. ENM rests on a solid foundation of ecosystem and biogeochemical science, and despite the many barriers imposed by current agricultural policies, successful ENM systems are being promoted by some development actors and used by smallholder farmers, with promising results.
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Carof M, Godinot O, Le Cadre E. Biodiversity-based cropping systems: A long-term perspective is necessary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156022. [PMID: 35588807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity-based cropping systems are an interesting option to address the many challenges that agriculture faces. However, benefits of these systems should not obscure the fact that creating biodiversity-based cropping systems represents a major change for farmers. To address this challenge, we argue that designing biodiversity-based cropping systems requires transforming ecological concepts into technical opportunities. Indeed, integrating ecological concepts such as plant-soil feedback and plant functional traits more strongly into cropping system design offers promising opportunities for the provision of ecosystem services, such as pest and disease control, crop production (including crop yield stability), climate regulation and regulation of soil quality. Accordingly, we demonstrate that designing biodiversity-based cropping systems requires considering not only the short term but also the long term. This would ensure that the expected ecosystem services have enough time to build up and provide their full effects, that the cropping systems are resilient and that they avoid the limitations of short-term assessments, which do not sufficiently consider multi-year effects. Considering long-term consequences of system change - induced by biodiversity - is essential to identify potential trade-offs between ecosystem services, as well as agricultural obstacles to and mechanisms of change. Including farmers and other food-chain actors in cropping system design would help find acceptable compromises that consider not only the provision of ecosystem services, but also other dimensions related to economic viability, workload or the technical feasibility of crops, which are identified as major obstacles to crop diversification. This strategy represents an exciting research front for the development of agroecological cropping systems.
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Anjos DV, Tena A, Viana-Junior AB, Carvalho RL, Torezan-Silingardi H, Del-Claro K, Perfecto I. The effects of ants on pest control: a meta-analysis. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221316. [PMID: 35975443 PMCID: PMC9382213 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental impacts of conventional agriculture have generated interest in sustainable agriculture. Biological pest control is a fundamental tool, and ants are key players providing ecological services, as well as some disservices. We have used a meta-analytical approach to investigate the contribution of ants to biological control, considering their effects on pest and natural enemy abundance, plant damage and crop yield. We also evaluated whether the effects of ants are modulated by traits of ants, pests and other natural enemies, as well as by field size, crop system and experiment duration. Overall (considering all meta-analyses), from 52 studies on 17 different crops, we found that ants decrease the abundance of non-honeydew-producing pests, decrease plant damage and increase crop yield (services). In addition, ants decrease the abundance of natural enemies, mainly the generalist ones, and increase honeydew-producing pest abundance (disservices). We show that the pest control and plant protection provided by ants are boosted in shaded crops compared to monocultures. Furthermore, ants increase crop yield in shaded crops, and this effect increases with time. Finally, we bring new insights such as the importance of shaded crops to ant services, providing a good tool for farmers and stakeholders considering sustainable farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego V. Anjos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Tena
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Spain
| | - Arleu Barbosa Viana-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Para 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Raquel L. Carvalho
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-020, Brazil
| | - Helena Torezan-Silingardi
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Kleber Del-Claro
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Ivette Perfecto
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Magrini MB, Salord T, Cabanac G. The unbalanced development among legume species regarding sustainable and healthy agrifood systems in North-America and Europe: focus on food product innovations. Food Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-022-01294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Zhao J, Chen J, Beillouin D, Lambers H, Yang Y, Smith P, Zeng Z, Olesen JE, Zang H. Global systematic review with meta-analysis reveals yield advantage of legume-based rotations and its drivers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4926. [PMID: 35995796 PMCID: PMC9395539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversified cropping systems, especially those including legumes, have been proposed to enhance food production with reduced inputs and environmental impacts. However, the impact of legume pre-crops on main crop yield and its drivers has never been systematically investigated in a global context. Here, we synthesize 11,768 yield observations from 462 field experiments comparing legume-based and non-legume cropping systems and show that legumes enhanced main crop yield by 20%. These yield advantages decline with increasing N fertilizer rates and crop diversity of the main cropping system. The yield benefits are consistent among main crops (e.g., rice, wheat, maize) and evident across pedo-climatic regions. Moreover, greater yield advantages (32% vs. 7%) are observed in low- vs. high-yielding environments, suggesting legumes increase crop production with low inputs (e.g., in Africa or organic agriculture). In conclusion, our study suggests that legume-based rotations offer a critical pathway for enhancing global crop production, especially when integrated into low-input and low-diversity agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yadong Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, AB24 3UU, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Zhaohai Zeng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Huadong Zang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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44
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Sciligo AR, M'Gonigle LK, Kremen C. Local diversification enhances pollinator visitation to strawberry and may improve pollination and marketability. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.941840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies show that semi-natural habitats within agricultural landscapes benefit native pollinating insects and increase resultant crop pollination services. More recently, evidence is emerging that agricultural diversification techniques on farms, as well as increased compositional and configurational heterogeneity within the cropped portion of landscapes, enhance pollinator communities. However, to date, only a few studies have investigated how diversifying the crops within the farm field itself (i.e., polyculture) influences wild pollinator communities and crop pollination services. In the Central Coast of California, we investigate how local crop diversification within fields, crossed with the proportion of natural habitat in the surrounding landscape, jointly affect pollinator communities and services to strawberry. On 16 organic farms varying in farm type (monoculture vs. polyculture) and proportion of natural land cover, we find that both factors enhance pollinator abundance and richness, although neither affect honey bee abundance. Further, natural cover has a stronger effect on pollinator richness on monoculture (vs. polyculture) farms. Although strawberry can self-pollinate, we document experimentally that pollinator exclusion doubles the probability of berry malformation, while excluding both pollinators and wind triples malformation, with corresponding effects on berry marketability. Finally, in post-hoc tests, we find that berry malformation is significantly higher with greater visitation by honey bees, and observed a trend that this reduction was mitigated by increased native bee richness. These results suggest that both polyculture and semi-natural habitat cover support more abundant and diverse pollinator communities, and that ambient levels of pollinator visitation to strawberry provide an important crop pollination service by improving berry marketability (i.e., by reducing berry malformation). Although further confirmation would be needed, our work suggests that honey bees alone do not provide sufficient pollination services. Prior work has shown that honey bees tend to visit only the top of the strawberry flower receptacle, while other native bees often crawl around the flower base, leading to more complete pollination of the achenes and, consequently, better formed berries. If honey bee visits reduced native bee visitation in our system, this could explain the unexpected correlation between increased honey bee visits and malformation.
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Zou Y, Shen F, Zhong Y, Lv C, Pokharel SS, Fang W, Chen F. Impacts of Intercropped Maize Ecological Shading on Tea Foliar and Functional Components, Insect Pest Diversity and Soil Microbes. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141883. [PMID: 35890516 PMCID: PMC9319426 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ecological shading fueled by maize intercropping in tea plantations can improve tea quality and flavor, and efficiently control the population occurrence of main insect pests. In this study, tea plants were intercropped with maize in two planting directions from east to west (i.e., south shading (SS)) and from north to south (i.e., east shading (ES) and west shading (WS)) to form ecological shading, and the effects on tea quality, and the population occurrence and community diversity of insect pests and soil microbes were studied. When compared with the non-shading control, the tea foliar nutrition contents of free fatty acids have been significantly affected by the ecological shading. SS, ES, and WS all significantly increased the foliar content of theanine and caffeine and the catechin quality index in the leaves of tea plants, simultaneously significantly reducing the foliar content of total polyphenols and the phenol/ammonia ratio. Moreover, ES and WS both significantly reduced the population occurrences of Empoasca onukii and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Ecological shading significantly affected the composition of soil microbial communities in tea plantations, in which WS significantly reduced the diversity of soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Fangyuan Shen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Yanni Zhong
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Changning Lv
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Sabin Saurav Pokharel
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Wanping Fang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (W.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (S.S.P.)
- Correspondence: (W.F.); (F.C.)
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Wooliver R, Kivlin SN, Jagadamma S. Links Among Crop Diversification, Microbial Diversity, and Soil Organic Carbon: Mini Review and Case Studies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:854247. [PMID: 35547111 PMCID: PMC9082997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.854247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between species above- and belowground are among the top factors that govern ecosystem functioning including soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. In agroecosystems, understanding how crop diversification affects soil biodiversity and SOC storage at the local scale remains a key challenge for addressing soil degradation and biodiversity loss that plague these systems. Yet, outcomes of crop diversification for soil microbial diversity and SOC storage, which are key indicators of soil health, are not always positive but rather they are highly idiosyncratic to agroecosystems. Using five case studies, we highlight the importance of selecting ideal crop functional types (as opposed to focusing on plant diversity) when considering diversification options for maximizing SOC accumulation. Some crop functional types and crop diversification approaches are better suited for enhancing SOC at particular sites, though SOC responses to crop diversification can vary annually and with duration of crop cover. We also highlight how SOC responses to crop diversification are more easily interpretable through changes in microbial community composition (as opposed to microbial diversity). We then develop suggestions for future crop diversification experiment standardization including (1) optimizing sampling effort and sequencing depth for soil microbial communities and (2) understanding the mechanisms guiding responses of SOC functional pools with varying stability to crop diversification. We expect that these suggestions will move knowledge forward about biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in agroecosystems, and ultimately be of use to producers for optimizing soil health in their croplands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wooliver
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Stephanie N Kivlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Sindhu Jagadamma
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Demie DT, Döring TF, Finckh MR, van der Werf W, Enjalbert J, Seidel SJ. Mixture × Genotype Effects in Cereal/Legume Intercropping. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:846720. [PMID: 35432405 PMCID: PMC9011192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.846720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cropping system diversification through annual intercropping provides a pathway for agricultural production with reduced inputs of fertilizer and pesticides. While several studies have shown that intercrop performance depends on the genotypes used, the available evidence has not been synthesized in an overarching analysis. Here, we review the effects of genotypes in cereal/legume intercropping systems, showing how genotype choice affects mixture performance. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the interactions between genotype and cropping system (i.e., sole cropping vs. intercropping). Data from 69 articles fulfilling inclusion criteria were analyzed, out of which 35 articles reported land equivalent ratio (LER), yielding 262 LER data points to be extracted. The mean and median LER were 1.26 and 1.24, respectively. The extracted genotype × cropping system interaction effects on yield were reported in 71% out of 69 publications. Out of this, genotype × cropping system interaction effects were significant in 75%, of the studies, whereas 25% reported non-significant interactions. The remaining studies did not report the effects of genotype × cropping system. Phenological and morphological traits, such as differences in days to maturity, plant height, or growth habit, explained variations in the performance of mixtures with different genotypes. However, the relevant genotype traits were not described sufficiently in most of the studies to allow for a detailed analysis. A tendency toward higher intercropping performance with short cereal genotypes was observed. The results show the importance of genotype selection for better in cereal/legume intercropping. This study highlights the hitherto unrevealed aspects of genotype evaluation for intercropping systems that need to be tackled. Future research on genotype effects in intercropping should consider phenology, root growth, and soil nutrient and water acquisition timing, as well as the effects of weeds and diseases, to improve our understanding of how genotype combination and breeding may help to optimize intercropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje T. Demie
- Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Döring
- Agroecology and Organic Farming Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria R. Finckh
- Department of Ecological Plant Protection, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Wopke van der Werf
- Crop Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Enjalbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sabine J. Seidel
- Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Unravelling the treasure trove of drought-responsive genes in wild-type peanut through transcriptomics and physiological analyses of root. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:215-233. [PMID: 35195841 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Peanut is one of the most valuable legumes, grown mainly in arid and semi-arid regions, where its production may be hindered by the lack of water. Therefore, breeding drought tolerant varieties is of great importance for peanut breeding programs around the world. Unlike cultivated peanuts, wild peanuts have greater genetic diversity and are an important source of alleles conferring tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. To decipher the transcriptome changes under drought stress, transcriptomics of roots of highly tolerant Arachis duranensis (ADU) and moderately susceptible A. stenosperma (AST) genotypes were performed. Transcriptome analysis revealed an aggregate of 1465 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and among the identified DEGs, there were 366 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Gene ontology and Mapman analyses revealed that the ADU genotype had a higher number of transcripts related to DNA methylation or demethylation, phytohormone signal transduction and flavonoid production, transcription factors, and responses to ethylene. The transcriptome analysis was endorsed by qRT-PCR, which showed a strong correlation value (R2 = 0.96). Physio-biochemical analysis showed that the drought-tolerant plants produced more osmolytes, ROS phagocytes, and sugars, but less MDA, thus attenuating the effects of drought stress. In addition, three SNPs of the gene encoding transcription factor NFAY (Aradu.YE2F8), expansin alpha (Aradu.78HGD), and cytokinin dehydrogenase 1-like (Aradu.U999X) exhibited polymorphism in selected different genotypes. Such SNPs could be useful for the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes.
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Beillouin D, Cardinael R, Berre D, Boyer A, Corbeels M, Fallot A, Feder F, Demenois J. A global overview of studies about land management, land-use change, and climate change effects on soil organic carbon. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1690-1702. [PMID: 34873793 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Major drivers of gains or losses in soil organic carbon (SOC) include land management, land-use change, and climate change. Thousands of original studies have focused on these drivers of SOC change and are now compiled in a growing number of meta-analyses. To critically assess the research efforts in this domain, we retrieved and characterized 192 meta-analyses of SOC stocks or concentrations. These meta-analyses comprise more than 13,200 original studies conducted from 1910 to 2020 in 150 countries. First, we show that, despite a growing number of studies over time, the geographical coverage of studies is limited. For example, the effect of land management, land-use change, and climate change on SOC has been only occasionally studied in North and Central Africa, and in the Middle East and Central Asia. Second, the meta-analyses investigated a limited number of land management practices, mostly mineral fertilization, organic amendments, and tillage. Third, the meta-analyses demonstrated relatively low quality and transparency. Lastly, we discuss the mismatch between the increasing number of studies and the need for more local, reusable, and diversified knowledge on how to preserve high SOC stocks or restore depleted SOC stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Beillouin
- CIRAD, UPR HortSys, Montpellier, France
- HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Rémi Cardinael
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Plant Production Sciences and Technologies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - David Berre
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- CIRDES, USPAE, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Marc Corbeels
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- IITA, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abigail Fallot
- CIRAD, UMR SENS, Montpellier, France
- SENS, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Feder
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et Risque, Montpellier, France
- Recyclage et Risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Demenois
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Montpellier, France
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50
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Hirata Sanches V, Adams C, Ferreira FF. An integrated model to study varietal diversity in traditional agroecosystems. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263064. [PMID: 35089959 PMCID: PMC8797245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural diversity is one of the bases of traditional agroecosystems, having great environmental and cultural importance. The current loss of agricultural diversity is causing serious concern, mainly because of its essential role in supporting global and local food security. Stopping this loss requires a better understanding of how diversity is managed locally and what mechanisms sustain agricultural diversity. Here we propose a generalist agent-based model that couples biological, cultural, and social dynamics to obtain varietal diversity as an emergent phenomenon at the community level. With a mechanistic approach, we explore how four of the model dynamics can shape systems diversity. To validate the model, we performed a bibliographic review on Manihot esculenta and Zea mays case studies. The model yielded compatible results for manioc and maize varietal richness at both community and household levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Hirata Sanches
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristina Adams
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Energy and Environment, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fagundes Ferreira
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physics-FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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