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Ahmed AMA, Rahman MA, Sharmen F, Reza ASMA, Islam MS, Rashid MM, Rafi MKJ, Siddiqui TA, Ezaj MMA, Saha S, Uddin MN, Alelwani W. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry-characterized extract of Aerides odorata Lour alleviates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in animal model evidenced by biochemical, molecular, and computational studies. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38979669 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many kinds of orchids have significant health benefits although adequate research on their biological functions is yet to be carried out. This study investigated the paracetamol-induced liver damage-protecting effect of epiphytic Aerides odorata methanol extract (AODE). METHODS The protective effects of AODE were studied by analyzing its effect on liver function parameters, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and tissue histopathological architecture. The results were confirmed by ligand-receptor interaction of molecular docking and multitarget interaction of network pharmacological analyses. RESULTS AODE significantly (p < 0.05) minimized the dose-dependent increase in acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin compared to the reference drug silymarin. Malondialdehyde level decreased, and the antioxidant genes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), β-actin, paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) were upregulated in AODE-treated paracetamol-intoxicated rats. A total of 376 compounds comprising phenols and flavonoids were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-qTOF-MS). The online toxicity assessment using SwissADME and admetSAR exhibited drug-like, nontoxic, and potential pharmacological properties. Additionally, in silico analysis showed that isoacteoside, one of the identified compounds, exhibited the best docking score (-11.42) with the liver protein human pituitary adenylate cyclase-1 (Protein Data Bank ID: 3N94). Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis identified the top 10 hub genes, namely AKT1 (protein kinase B), CTNNB1 (catenin beta-1), SRC (proto-oncogene c-Src), TNF (tumor necrosis factor), EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), HSP90AA1 (heat shock protein 90α), MAPK3 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 3), STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), CASP3 (caspase protein), and ESR1 (estrogen receptor 1), which are responsible for hepatoprotective activity. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that AODE could be a novel hepatoprotective target in drug-induced liver damage with a further single compound-based animal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Abu Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Sharmen
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Ali Reza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islami University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khalid Juhani Rafi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Muzahid Ahmed Ezaj
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Srabonti Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazim Uddin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Walla Alelwani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Bravo González-Blas C, Matetovici I, Hillen H, Taskiran II, Vandepoel R, Christiaens V, Sansores-García L, Verboven E, Hulselmans G, Poovathingal S, Demeulemeester J, Psatha N, Mauduit D, Halder G, Aerts S. Single-cell spatial multi-omics and deep learning dissect enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks in liver zonation. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:153-167. [PMID: 38182825 PMCID: PMC10791584 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In the mammalian liver, hepatocytes exhibit diverse metabolic and functional profiles based on their location within the liver lobule. However, it is unclear whether this spatial variation, called zonation, is governed by a well-defined gene regulatory code. Here, using a combination of single-cell multiomics, spatial omics, massively parallel reporter assays and deep learning, we mapped enhancer-gene regulatory networks across mouse liver cell types. We found that zonation affects gene expression and chromatin accessibility in hepatocytes, among other cell types. These states are driven by the repressors TCF7L1 and TBX3, alongside other core hepatocyte transcription factors, such as HNF4A, CEBPA, FOXA1 and ONECUT1. To examine the architecture of the enhancers driving these cell states, we trained a hierarchical deep learning model called DeepLiver. Our study provides a multimodal understanding of the regulatory code underlying hepatocyte identity and their zonation state that can be used to engineer enhancers with specific activity levels and zonation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bravo González-Blas
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irina Matetovici
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for AI and Computational Biology (VIB.AI), Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Tech Watch, VIB Headquarters, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Hillen
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim Ihsan Taskiran
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for AI and Computational Biology (VIB.AI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roel Vandepoel
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for AI and Computational Biology (VIB.AI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Christiaens
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for AI and Computational Biology (VIB.AI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leticia Sansores-García
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Verboven
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Hulselmans
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for AI and Computational Biology (VIB.AI), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikoleta Psatha
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Mauduit
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for AI and Computational Biology (VIB.AI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Georg Halder
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stein Aerts
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- VIB Center for AI and Computational Biology (VIB.AI), Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Kozuki S, Kabata M, Sakurai S, Iwaisako K, Nishimura T, Toi M, Yamamoto T, Toyoshima F. Periportal hepatocyte proliferation at midgestation governs maternal glucose homeostasis in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1226. [PMID: 38049528 PMCID: PMC10695921 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The maternal liver is challenged by metabolic demands throughout pregnancy. However, hepatocyte dynamics and their physiological significance in pregnancy remain unclear. Here, we show in mice that hepatocyte proliferation is spatiotemporally regulated in each liver lobular zone during pregnancy, with transient proliferation of periportal and pericentral hepatocytes during mid and late gestation, respectively. Using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-8-mediated expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 in hepatocytes, we show that inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation during mid, but not late, gestation impairs liver growth. Transcriptionally, genes involved in glucose/glycogen metabolism are downregulated in late pregnancy when midgestational hepatocyte proliferation is attenuated. In addition, hepatic glycogen storage is abolished, with concomitant elevated blood glucose concentrations, glucose intolerance, placental glycogen deposition, and fetal overgrowth. Laser capture microdissection and RNA-seq analysis of each liver lobular zone show zone-specific changes in the transcriptome during pregnancy and identify genes that are periportally expressed at midgestation, including the hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (Hmmr). Knockdown of Hmmr in hepatocytes by AAV8-shHmmr suppresses periportal hepatocyte proliferation at midgestation and induces impaired hepatic glycogen storage, glucose intolerance, placental glycogen deposition and fetal overgrowth. Our results suggest that periportal hepatocyte proliferation during midgestation is critical for maternal glycogen metabolism and fetal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kozuki
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Mammalian and Regulatory Networks, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mio Kabata
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakurai
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
- Department of Target Therapy Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nishimura
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Medical Risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiko Toyoshima
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Department of Mammalian and Regulatory Networks, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
- Department of Homeostatic Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Bucurica S, Lupanciuc M, Ionita-Radu F, Stefan I, Munteanu AE, Anghel D, Jinga M, Gaman EL. Estrobolome and Hepatocellular Adenomas-Connecting the Dots of the Gut Microbial β-Glucuronidase Pathway as a Metabolic Link. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16034. [PMID: 38003224 PMCID: PMC10671049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular adenomas are benign endothelial tumors of the liver, mostly associated with female individual users of estrogen-containing medications. However, the precise factors underlying the selective development of hepatic adenomas in certain females remain elusive. Additionally, the conventional profile of individuals prone to hepatic adenoma is changing. Notably, male patients exhibit a higher risk of malignant progression of hepatocellular adenomas, and there are instances where hepatic adenomas have no identifiable cause. In this paper, we theorize the role of the human gastrointestinal microbiota, specifically, of bacterial species producing β-glucuronidase enzymes, in the development of hepatic adenomas through the estrogen recycling pathway. Furthermore, we aim to address some of the existing gaps in our knowledge of pathophysiological pathways which are not yet subject to research or need to be studied further. As microbial β-glucuronidases proteins recycle estrogen and facilitate the conversion of inactive estrogen into its active form, this process results in elevated levels of unbound plasmatic estrogen, leading to extended exposure to estrogen. We suggest that an imbalance in the estrobolome could contribute to sex hormone disease evolution and, consequently, to the advancement of hepatocellular adenomas, which are estrogen related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandica Bucurica
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Lupanciuc
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florentina Ionita-Radu
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ion Stefan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Medico-Surgical and Prophylactic Disciplines, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.M.); (D.A.)
| | - Alice Elena Munteanu
- Department of Medico-Surgical and Prophylactic Disciplines, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.M.); (D.A.)
- Department of Cardiology, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Anghel
- Department of Medico-Surgical and Prophylactic Disciplines, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.M.); (D.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Elena Laura Gaman
- Department of Biochemistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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5
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Everton E, Del Rio-Moreno M, Villacorta-Martin C, Singh Bawa P, Lindstrom-Vautrin J, Muramatsu H, Rizvi F, Smith AR, Tam Y, Pardi N, Kineman R, Waxman DJ, Gouon-Evans V. Growth Hormone Accelerates Recovery From Acetaminophen-Induced Murine Liver Injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537197. [PMID: 37131727 PMCID: PMC10153200 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure, with one available treatment, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Yet, NAC effectiveness diminishes about ten hours after APAP overdose, urging for therapeutic alternatives. This study addresses this need by deciphering a mechanism of sexual dimorphism in APAP-induced liver injury, and leveraging it to accelerate liver recovery via growth hormone (GH) treatment. GH secretory patterns, pulsatile in males and near-continuous in females, determine the sex bias in many liver metabolic functions. Here, we aim to establish GH as a novel therapy to treat APAP hepatotoxicity. Approach and Results Our results demonstrate sex-dependent APAP toxicity, with females showing reduced liver cell death and faster recovery than males. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses reveal that female hepatocytes have significantly greater levels of GH receptor expression and GH pathway activation compared to males. In harnessing this female-specific advantage, we demonstrate that a single injection of recombinant human GH protein accelerates liver recovery, promotes survival in males following sub-lethal dose of APAP, and is superior to standard-of-care NAC. Alternatively, slow-release delivery of human GH via the safe nonintegrative lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA (mRNA-LNP), a technology validated by widely used COVID-19 vaccines, rescues males from APAP-induced death that otherwise occurred in control mRNA-LNP-treated mice. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a sexually dimorphic liver repair advantage in females following APAP overdose, leveraged by establishing GH as an alternative treatment, delivered either as recombinant protein or mRNA-LNP, to potentially prevent liver failure and liver transplant in APAP-overdosed patients.
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6
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Li X, Abdel-Moneim AME, Yang B. Signaling Pathways and Genes Associated with Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1888-1904. [PMID: 35648283 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] causes human and animal hepatotoxicity. However, it is unclear how Cr(VI) induces hepatotoxicity, nor is it clear which pathways and genes may be involved. This study aimed to identify the key molecular pathways and genes engaged in Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity. Publicly available microarray GSE19662 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. GSE19662 consists of primary rat hepatocyte (PRH) groups treated with or without 0.10 ppm potassium dichromate (PD), with three samples per group. Compared to the control group, a total of 400 differentially expressed genes were obtained. Specially 262 and 138 genes were up- and downregulated in PD-treated PRHs, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that those DEGs were primarily engaged in many biological processes, including androgen biosynthetic process, the positive regulation of cell death, the response to activity, the toxic substance and hepatocyte growth factor stimulus, and others. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) suggested that the DEGs are fundamentally enriched in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatitis B, p53, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AMPK, metabolic pathways, estrogen, cGMP-PKG, metabolic pathways, etc. Moreover, many genes, including UBE2C, TOP2A, PRC1, CENPF, and MKI67, might contribute to Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity. Taken together, this study enhances our understanding of the regulation, prevention, and treatment strategies of Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abu-Zaabal, 13759, Egypt
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China.
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7
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Abstract
Insulin secretion is regulated in multiple steps, and one of the main steps is in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we show that UDP-glucose induces proinsulin ubiquitination by cereblon, and uridine binds and competes for proinsulin degradation and behaves as sustainable insulin secretagogue. Using insulin mutagenesis of neonatal diabetes variant-C43G and maturity-onset diabetes of the young 10 (MODY10) variant-R46Q, UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 (UGGT1) protects cereblon-dependent proinsulin ubiquitination in the ER. Cereblon is a ligand-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase, and we found that UDP-glucose is the first identified endogenous proinsulin protein degrader. Uridine-containing compounds, such as uridine, UMP, UTP, and UDP-galactose, inhibit cereblon-dependent proinsulin degradation and stimulate insulin secretion from 3 to 24 h after administration in β-cell lines as well as mice. This late and long-term insulin secretion stimulation is designated a day sustainable insulin secretion stimulation. Uridine-containing compounds are designated as proinsulin degradation regulators.
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8
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Cho J, Miyagawa A, Yamaguchi K, Abe W, Tsugawa Y, Yamamura H, Imai T. UDP-Glucose: A Cereblon-Dependent Glucokinase Protein Degrader. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169094. [PMID: 36012359 PMCID: PMC9409010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that glucokinase is ubiquitinated and degraded by cereblon with an unknown endogenous glucokinase protein degrader. Here, we show that UDP-glucose is a glucokinase protein degrader. We identified that both glucose and UDP-glucose bind to glucokinase and that both uridine and UDP-glucose bind to cereblon in a similar way to thalidomide. From these results, UDP-glucose was identified as a molecular glue between cereblon and glucokinase. Glucokinase produces glucose-6-phosphate in the pancreas and liver. Especially in β-cells, glucokinase is the main target of glucose for glucose-induced insulin secretion. UDP-glucose administration ubiquitinated and degraded glucokinase, lowered glucose-6-phosphate production, and then reduced insulin secretion in β-cell lines and mice. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2) glucokinaseE256K mutant protein was resistant to UDP-glucose induced ubiquitination and degradation. Taken together, glucokinase ubiquitination and degradation signaling might be impaired in MODY2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Cho
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wakana Abe
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoji Tsugawa
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hatsuo Yamamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imai
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
- Correspondence:
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9
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Xu L, Yuan Y, Che Z, Tan X, Wu B, Wang C, Xu C, Xiao J. The Hepatoprotective and Hepatotoxic Roles of Sex and Sex-Related Hormones. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939631. [PMID: 35860276 PMCID: PMC9289199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most liver diseases, including acute liver injury, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis, metabolic liver diseases, and end-stage liver diseases, are strongly linked with hormonal influences. Thus, delineating the clinical manifestation and underlying mechanisms of the “sexual dimorphism” is critical for providing hints for the prevention, management, and treatment of those diseases. Whether the sex hormones (androgen, estrogen, and progesterone) and sex-related hormones (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin) play protective or toxic roles in the liver depends on the biological sex, disease stage, precipitating factor, and even the psychiatric status. Lifestyle factors, such as obesity, alcohol drinking, and smoking, also drastically affect the involving mechanisms of those hormones in liver diseases. Hormones deliver their hepatic regulatory signals primarily via classical and non-classical receptors in different liver cell types. Exogenous sex/sex-related hormone therapy may serve as a novel strategy for metabolic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. However, the undesired hormone-induced liver injury should be carefully studied in pre-clinical models and monitored in clinical applications. This issue is particularly important for menopause females with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and transgender populations who want to receive gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). In conclusion, basic and clinical studies are warranted to depict the detailed hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic mechanisms of sex/sex-related hormones in liver disease. Prolactin holds a promising perspective in treating metabolic and advanced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaodi Che
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhi Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengfang Xu, ; Jia Xiao,
| | - Jia Xiao
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengfang Xu, ; Jia Xiao,
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10
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Yu YM, Zhou BH, Yang YL, Guo CX, Zhao J, Wang HW. Estrogen Deficiency Aggravates Fluoride-Induced Liver Damage and Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2767-2776. [PMID: 34392477 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen exerts essential role in liver metabolism, and its deficiency is frequently accompanied by a series of metabolic disorder diseases. To investigate the role of estrogen deficiency in fluorine ions (F-) induced liver injury, the ovariectomy (OVX) rat models were performed by surgically removing the ovaries, and the rats from OVX and non-OVX models were exposed to differential dose of F- (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L) in drinking water for 90 days. The liver morphological structure was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Proliferation ability of hepatocytes was evaluated by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. And distribution of lipid droplets in liver tissue was observed via oil red O staining. In addition, the liver function and lipid metabolism parameters in serum were detected by commercial kits. Results showed that F- induced hepatocytes morphological damage and inhibited the proliferation ability of hepatocytes; estrogen deficiency exacerbated these changes. The deposition of lipid droplets in the liver tissue was multiplicative with increased F- dose, especially after estrogen deficiency. In addition, F- exposure increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) serum aminotransferase (ALT), aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) activities and total bilirubin (T-bil) level; meanwhile, serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) levels were also elevated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). F--induced liver function and lipid metabolism indexes were further increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the state of estrogen deficiency. In conclusion, estrogen deficiency aggravated F--induced liver damage and lipid metabolism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ming Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bian-Hua Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Xiang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liu S, Zhao J, Tian WS, Wang JC, Wang HW, Zhou BH. Estrogen deficiency aggravates fluorine ion-induced renal fibrosis via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in rats. Toxicol Lett 2022; 362:26-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Lee C, Kim J, Han J, Oh D, Kim M, Jeong H, Kim TJ, Kim SW, Kim JN, Seo YS, Suzuki A, Kim JH, Jung Y. Formyl peptide receptor 2 determines sex-specific differences in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:578. [PMID: 35102146 PMCID: PMC8803937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important health concern worldwide and progresses into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although prevalence and severity of NAFLD/NASH are higher in men than premenopausal women, it remains unclear how sex affects NAFLD/NASH pathophysiology. Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) modulates inflammatory responses in several organs; however, its role in the liver is unknown. Here we show that FPR2 mediates sex-specific responses to diet-induced NAFLD/NASH. NASH-like liver injury was induced in both sexes during choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) feeding, but compared with females, male mice had more severe hepatic damage. Fpr2 was more highly expressed in hepatocytes and healthy livers from females than males, and FPR2 deletion exacerbated liver damage in CDAHFD-fed female mice. Estradiol induced Fpr2 expression, which protected hepatocytes and the liver from damage. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that FPR2 mediates sex-specific responses to diet-induced NAFLD/NASH, suggesting a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsol Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Oh
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeong Jeong
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Nam Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Cho J, Tsugawa Y, Imai Y, Imai T. Chorionic gonadotropin stimulates maternal hepatocyte proliferation during pregnancy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 579:110-115. [PMID: 34597993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The liver increases its size during pregnancy to adapt to metabolic demand associated with pregnancy. Our previous study showed that proliferation of maternal hepatocytes are increased during pregnancy in mice and that estradiol (E2) is one of the candidate hormones responsible for maternal hepatocyte proliferation. Here, we discovered that chorionic gonadotropin (CG) induces maternal hepatocyte proliferation during pregnancy. CG administration was sufficient to stimulate hepatocyte proliferation in non-pregnant mice as well as in cell culture system. We conclude that CG stimulates proliferation in the early pregnancy of maternal hepatocytes. In contrast, estrogen stimulates hepatocyte proliferation in the late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Cho
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Yoji Tsugawa
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Yumi Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Takeshi Imai
- Department of Chemical Biology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
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14
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Ahmed AMA, Rahman MA, Hossen MA, Reza ASMA, Islam MS, Rashid MM, Rafi MKJ, Siddiqui MTA, Al-Noman A, Uddin MN. Epiphytic Acampe ochracea orchid relieves paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and upregulating antioxidant genes in in vivo and virtual screening. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112215. [PMID: 34649346 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Orchids are basically ornamental, and biological functions are seldom evaluated. This research investigated the effects of Acampe ochracea methanol extract (AOME) in ameliorating the paracetamol (PCM) induced liver injury in Wistar albino rats, evaluating its phytochemical status through UPLC-qTOF-MS analysis. With molecular docking and network pharmacology, virtual screening verified the inevitable interactions between the UPLC-qTOF-MS-characterized compounds and hepatoprotective drug receptors. The AOME has explicit a dose-dependent decrease of liver enzymes acid phosphatase (ACP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin, as well as an increase of serum total protein and antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH) with a virtual normalization (p < 0.05-p < 0.001) and the values were almost equivalent to the reference drug silymarin. After pretreatment with AOME, PCM-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were considerably decreased (p < 0.001). Histopathological examinations corroborated the functional and biochemical findings. The AOME upregulated the genes involved in antioxidative (CAT, SOD, β-actin, PON1, and PFK1) and hepatoprotective mechanisms in PCM intoxicated rats. An array of 103 compounds has been identified from AOME through UPLC-qTOF-MS analysis. The detected compounds were substantially related to the targets of several liver proteins and antioxidative enzymes, according to an in silico study. Virtual prediction by SwissADME and admetSAR showed that AOME has drug-like, non-toxic, and potential pharmacological activities in hepatic damage. Furthermore, VEGFA, CYP19A1, MAPK14, ESR1, and PPARG genes interact with target compounds impacting the significant biological actions to recover PCM-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Abu Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Amjad Hossen
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Ali Reza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khalid Juhani Rafi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanvir Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al-Noman
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazim Uddin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
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15
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Della Torre S. Beyond the X Factor: Relevance of Sex Hormones in NAFLD Pathophysiology. Cells 2021; 10:2502. [PMID: 34572151 PMCID: PMC8470830 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, being frequently associated with obesity, unbalanced dietary regimens, and reduced physical activity. Despite their greater adiposity and reduced physical activity, women show a lower risk of developing NAFLD in comparison to men, likely a consequence of a sex-specific regulation of liver metabolism. In the liver, sex differences in the uptake, synthesis, oxidation, deposition, and mobilization of lipids, as well as in the regulation of inflammation, are associated with differences in NAFLD prevalence and progression between men and women. Given the major role of sex hormones in driving hepatic sexual dimorphism, this review will focus on the role of sex hormones and their signaling in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and in the molecular mechanisms triggering NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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16
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Dong C, Zhang BP, Ying YQ, Hou L, Wu W, Wei H, Luo XP. Oestradiol promotes the intrahepatic bile duct development of C57BL/6CrSlc mice during embryonic period via Notch signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9447-9459. [PMID: 34498380 PMCID: PMC8500961 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oestradiol (E2) is a critical factor for multiple systems' development during the embryonic period. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of oestradiol on intrahepatic bile duct development, which may allow a better understanding of congenital bile duct dysplasia. DLK+ hepatoblasts were extracted from the C57BL/6CrSlc foetal mice and randomly divided into control group, oestradiol groups (1, 10, 100 nM) and oestradiol (10 nM) + DAPT (inhibitor of Notch signalling; 40 µM) group for in vitro experiments. For in vivo analysis, pregnant mice were divided into control group, oestradiol (intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 mg/kg/day) ± DAPT (subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg/day) groups and tamoxifen (gavage administration of 0.4 mg/kg/day) group. The results showed that oestradiol promoted hepatoblast differentiation into cholangiocytes and intrahepatic bile duct development during the embryonic period. Tamoxifen, an antioestrogenic drug, inhibited the above processes. Moreover, oestradiol promoted the expression of Notch signalling pathway‐associated proteins and genes both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, DAPT addition inhibited the oestradiol‐mediated effects. In conclusion, oestradiol can promote hepatoblast differentiation into cholangiocytes and intrahepatic bile duct development of C57BL/6CrSlc mice during embryonic period via the Notch signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben-Ping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Qin Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Della Torre S. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Canonical Example of Metabolic Inflammatory-Based Liver Disease Showing a Sex-Specific Prevalence: Relevance of Estrogen Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:572490. [PMID: 33071979 PMCID: PMC7531579 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence supporting the interplay between metabolism and immune response, that have evolved in close relationship, sharing regulatory molecules and signaling systems, to support biological functions. Nowadays, the disruption of this interaction in the context of obesity and overnutrition underlies the increasing incidence of many inflammatory-based metabolic diseases, even in a sex-specific fashion. During evolution, the interplay between metabolism and reproduction has reached a degree of complexity particularly high in female mammals, likely to ensure reproduction only under favorable conditions. Several factors may account for differences in the incidence and progression of inflammatory-based metabolic diseases between females and males, thus contributing to age-related disease development and difference in life expectancy between the two sexes. Among these factors, estrogens, acting mainly through Estrogen Receptors (ERs), have been reported to regulate several metabolic pathways and inflammatory processes particularly in the liver, the metabolic organ showing the highest degree of sexual dimorphism. This review aims to investigate on the interaction between metabolism and inflammation in the liver, focusing on the relevance of estrogen signaling in counteracting the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a canonical example of metabolic inflammatory-based liver disease showing a sex-specific prevalence. Understanding the role of estrogens/ERs in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and inflammation may provide the basis for the development of sex-specific therapeutic strategies for the management of such an inflammatory-based metabolic disease and its cardio-metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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18
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Villemain L, Prigent S, Abou-Lovergne A, Pelletier L, Chiral M, Pontoglio M, Foufelle F, Caruso S, Pineau R, Rebouissou S, Chevet E, Zucman-Rossi J, Combettes L. Sigma 1 Receptor is Overexpressed in Hepatocellular Adenoma: Involvement of ERα and HNF1α. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082213. [PMID: 32784704 PMCID: PMC7464972 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptor 1 (SigR1) is an endoplasmic reticulum resident integral membrane protein whose functions remain unclear. Although the liver shows the highest expression of SigR1, its role in this organ is unknown. SigR1 is overexpressed in many cancers and its expression is correlated to hormonal status in hormone-dependent cancers. To better understand the role of SigR1 in hepatocytes we focused our work on the regulation of its expression in tumoral liver. In this context, hepatocellular adenomas, benign hepatic tumors associated with estrogen intake are of particular interest. The expression of SigR1 mRNA was assessed in hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) patients using qPCR. The impact of estrogen on the expression of SigR1 was studied in vivo (mice) and in vitro (HepG2 and Huh7 cells). The effect of HNF1α on the expression of SigR1 was studied in vivo by comparing wild type mice to HNF1 knockout mice. Estrogen enhanced SigR1 expression through its nuclear receptor ERα. HNF1α mutated HCA (H-HCA) significantly overexpressed SigR1 compared to all other HCA subtypes. HNF1 knockout mice showed an increase in SigR1 expression. Overexpressing SigR1 in cellular models increases proliferation rate and storage of lipid droplets, which phenocopies the H-HCA phenotype. SigR1 is involved in hepatocyte proliferation and steatosis and may play an important role in the control of the H-HCA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Villemain
- UMRs 1174, University Paris-Saclay, Inserm, 91405 Orsay, France; (L.V.); (S.P.); (A.A.-L.)
| | - Sylvie Prigent
- UMRs 1174, University Paris-Saclay, Inserm, 91405 Orsay, France; (L.V.); (S.P.); (A.A.-L.)
| | - Aurélie Abou-Lovergne
- UMRs 1174, University Paris-Saclay, Inserm, 91405 Orsay, France; (L.V.); (S.P.); (A.A.-L.)
| | - Laura Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (J.Z.-R.)
| | - Magali Chiral
- Institut Necker - Enfants Malades (INEM), 14, rue Maria Héléna Vieira da Silva Bâtiment Leriche, 75014 Paris, France; (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Pontoglio
- Institut Necker - Enfants Malades (INEM), 14, rue Maria Héléna Vieira da Silva Bâtiment Leriche, 75014 Paris, France; (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Fabienne Foufelle
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne University, Inserm, U1138” Metabolic diseases, diabetes and co-morbidities” F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (J.Z.-R.)
| | - Raphael Pineau
- UMRs 1242 “Chemistry, Oncogenesis, stress, Signaling” (COSS), University de Rennes-1, 35042 Rennes, France; (R.P.); (E.C.)
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Sandra Rebouissou
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (J.Z.-R.)
| | - Eric Chevet
- UMRs 1242 “Chemistry, Oncogenesis, stress, Signaling” (COSS), University de Rennes-1, 35042 Rennes, France; (R.P.); (E.C.)
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (J.Z.-R.)
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Combettes
- UMRs 1174, University Paris-Saclay, Inserm, 91405 Orsay, France; (L.V.); (S.P.); (A.A.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-6915-6396
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19
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Döring P, Calvisi DF, Dombrowski F. Nuclear ErbB2 expression in hepatocytes in liver disease. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:309-318. [PMID: 32591879 PMCID: PMC7969555 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
ErbB2 is a prominent representative of the epidermal growth factor receptors that mainly attract attention as oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets in cancer. Besides transmembrane signaling, ErbB2 may also translocate into the nucleus and mediate distinct nuclear signaling effects including DNA repair and cell cycle arrest. Unexpectedly, we found nuclear ErbB2 expression in human hepatocytes in various liver diseases so we aimed to investigate the characteristics of liver disease leading to nuclear ErbB2 translocation. The immunohistochemical pattern of ErbB2 staining was analyzed in 1125 liver biopsy samples from patients with hepatic dysfunction. Further signaling and metabolic markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in selected liver biopsy samples. We found a cytoplasmic and nuclear ErbB2 expression in hepatocytes from different disease conditions with the strongest expression detected in alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nuclear ErbB2 positivity significantly correlated with histologic parameters of hepatocellular damage including inflammatory activity in steatohepatitis, hepatocellular ballooning, and cholestasis. ErbB2 overexpressing hepatocytes revealed an increase of phospho-STAT3, a downstream effector of nuclear ErbB2 signaling. Notably, we observed in nuclear ErbB2-positive hepatocytes a downregulation of estrogen receptor expression. In alcoholic steatohepatitis and other toxic liver diseases, hepatocytes revealed a nuclear ErbB2 expression implying a so far unknown mechanism in hepatocytes upon cellular stress that might lead to resistance to cell death. Nuclear ErbB2-positive hepatocytes showed downregulation of estrogen receptor expression and increased levels of pSTAT3, which are signs of functionality of nuclear ErbB2 signaling. Furthermore, analysis of hepatocellular ErbB2 expression could serve as helpful tool for diagnosis of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Döring
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Straße 23e, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Dombrowski
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Straße 23e, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
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20
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Analysis of hiPSCs differentiation toward hepatocyte-like cells upon extended exposition to oncostatin. Differentiation 2020; 114:36-48. [PMID: 32563741 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The capability to produce and maintain functional human adult hepatocytes remains one of the major challenges for the use of in-vitro models toward liver cell therapy and industrial drug-screening applications. Among the suggested strategies to solve this issue, the use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), differentiated toward hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) is promising. In this work, we propose a 31-day long protocol, that includes a final 14-day long phase of oncostatin treatment, as opposed to a 7-day treatment which led to the formation of a hepatic tissue functional for CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. The production of albumin, as well as bile acid metabolism and transport, were also detected. Transcriptome profile comparisons and liver transcription factors (TFs) motif dynamics revealed increased expression of typical hepatic markers such as HNF1A and of important metabolic markers like PPARA. The performed analysis has allowed for the extraction of potential targets and pathways which would allow enhanced hepatic maturation in-vitro. From this investigation, NRF1 and SP3 appeared as transcription factors of importance. Complex epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) patterns were also observed during the differentiation process. Moreover, whole transcriptome analysis highlighted a response typical of the one observed in liver regeneration and hepatocyte proliferation. While a complete maturation of hepatocytes was yet to be obtained, the results presented in this work provide new insights into the process of liver development and highlight potential targets aimed to improve in-vitro liver regeneration.
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Lee J, Garcia V, Nambiar SM, Jiang H, Dai G. Pregnancy facilitates maternal liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G772-G780. [PMID: 32003603 PMCID: PMC7191459 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00125.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver resection induces robust liver regrowth or regeneration to compensate for the lost tissue mass. In a clinical setting, pregnant women may need liver resection without terminating pregnancy in some cases. However, how pregnancy affects maternal liver regeneration remains elusive. We performed 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in nonpregnant mice and gestation day 14 mice, and histologically and molecularly compared their liver regrowth during the next 4 days. We found that compared with the nonpregnant state, pregnancy altered the molecular programs driving hepatocyte replication, indicated by enhanced activities of epidermal growth factor receptor and STAT5A, reduced activities of cMet and p70S6K, decreased production of IL-6, TNFα, and hepatocyte growth factor, suppressed cyclin D1 expression, increased cyclin A1 expression, and early activated cyclin A2 expression. As a result, pregnancy allowed the remnant hepatocytes to enter the cell cycle at least 12 h earlier, increased hepatic fat accumulation, and enhanced hepatocyte mitosis. Consequently, pregnancy ameliorated maternal liver regeneration following PH. In addition, a report showed that maternal liver regrowth after PH is driven mainly by hepatocyte hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia during the second half of gestation in young adult mice. In contrast, we demonstrate that maternal liver relies mainly on hepatocyte hyperplasia instead of hypertrophy to restore the lost mass after PH. Overall, we demonstrate that pregnancy facilitates maternal liver regeneration likely via triggering an early onset of hepatocyte replication, accumulating excessive liver fat, and promoting hepatocyte mitosis. The results from our current studies enable us to gain more insights into how maternal liver regeneration progresses during gestation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that pregnancy may generate positive effects on maternal liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy, which are manifested by early entry of the cell cycle of remnant hepatocytes, increased hepatic fat accumulation, enhanced hepatocyte mitosis, and overall accelerated liver regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyong Lee
- 1Department of Biology, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Veronica Garcia
- 1Department of Biology, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shashank Manohar Nambiar
- 1Department of Biology, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Huaizhou Jiang
- 1Department of Biology, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana,2School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, China
| | - Guoli Dai
- 1Department of Biology, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Phelps T, Snyder E, Rodriguez E, Child H, Harvey P. The influence of biological sex and sex hormones on bile acid synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:52. [PMID: 31775872 PMCID: PMC6880483 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and elevated serum lipids are associated with a threefold increase in the risk of developing atherosclerosis, a condition that underlies stroke, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Strategies that aim to reduce serum cholesterol through modulation of liver enzymes have been successful in decreasing the risk of developing atherosclerosis and reducing mortality. Statins, which inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver, are considered among the most successful compounds developed for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, recent debate surrounding their effectiveness and safety prompts consideration of alternative cholesterol-lowering therapies, including increasing cholesterol catabolism through bile acid (BA) synthesis. Targeting the enzymes that convert cholesterol to BAs represents a promising alternative to other cholesterol-lowering approaches that treat atherosclerosis as well as fatty liver diseases and diabetes mellitus. Compounds that modify the activity of these pathways have been developed; however, there remains a lack of consideration of biological sex. This is necessary in light of strong evidence for sexual dimorphisms not only in the incidence and progression of the diseases they influence but also in the expression and activity of the proteins affected and in the manner in which men and women respond to drugs that modify lipid handling in the liver. A thorough understanding of the enzymes involved in cholesterol catabolism and modulation by biological sex is necessary to maximize their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Phelps
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Erin Snyder
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Erin Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Hailey Child
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Pamela Harvey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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Potential Therapeutic Application of Estrogen in Gender Disparity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101259. [PMID: 31619023 PMCID: PMC6835656 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by fat accumulation in the liver is globally the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Simple steatosis can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe form of NAFLD. The most potent driver for NASH is hepatocyte death induced by lipotoxicity, which triggers inflammation and fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. Despite the significant burden of NAFLD, there is no therapy for NAFLD/NASH. Accumulating evidence indicates gender-related NAFLD progression. A higher incidence of NAFLD is found in men and postmenopausal women than premenopausal women, and the experimental results, showing protective actions of estradiol in liver diseases, suggest that estrogen, as the main female hormone, is associated with the progression of NAFLD/NASH. However, the mechanism explaining the functions of estrogen in NAFLD remains unclear because of the lack of reliable animal models for NASH, the imbalance between the sexes in animal experiments, and subsequent insufficient results. Herein, we reviewed the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH focused on gender and proposed a feasible association of estradiol with NAFLD/NASH based on the findings reported thus far. This review would help to expand our knowledge of the gender differences in NAFLD and for developing gender-based treatment strategies for NAFLD/NASH.
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Beneficial and Deleterious Effects of Female Sex Hormones, Oral Contraceptives, and Phytoestrogens by Immunomodulation on the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194694. [PMID: 31546715 PMCID: PMC6801544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is considered the laboratory of the human body because of its many metabolic processes. It accomplishes diverse activities as a mixed gland and is in continuous cross-talk with the endocrine system. Not only do hormones from the gastrointestinal tract that participate in digestion regulate the liver functions, but the sex hormones also exert a strong influence on this sexually dimorphic organ, via their receptors expressed in liver, in both health and disease. Besides, the liver modifies the actions of sex hormones through their metabolism and transport proteins. Given the anatomical position and physiological importance of liver, this organ is evidenced as an immune vigilante that mediates the systemic immune response, and, in turn, the immune system regulates the hepatic functions. Such feedback is performed by cytokines. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are strongly involved in hepatic homeostasis and in pathological states; indeed, female sex hormones, oral contraceptives, and phytoestrogens have immunomodulatory effects in the liver and the whole organism. To analyze the complex and interesting beneficial or deleterious effects of these drugs by their immunomodulatory actions in the liver can provide the basis for either their pharmacological use in therapeutic treatments or to avoid their intake in some diseases.
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Tsugawa Y, Natori M, Handa H, Imai T. Estradiol accelerates liver regeneration through estrogen receptor α. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2019; 12:331-336. [PMID: 31413616 PMCID: PMC6659781 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s214196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously demonstrated that liver resection triggers estradiol production, which, in turn, induces the proliferation of hepatocytes to promote liver regeneration in mice. In this study, we demonstrated estradiol-induced estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression. Methods: To further explore the role of ERα in estradiol-mediated liver regeneration, in the present study, we confirmed impaired liver regeneration ability in ERα knockout mice. Results: Further analysis during liver regeneration revealed a role for ERα in hepatic steatosis, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 expression, and nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 DNA-binding activities. Conclusion: Moreover, estradiol administration accelerated liver regeneration through ERα, indicating the feasibility of the estrogen-ERα axis as a target for accelerating the rate of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Tsugawa
- Department of Aging Intervention, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Michiya Natori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Nanoparticle Translational Research, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imai
- Department of Aging Intervention, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
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Tissue steroid levels in response to reduced testicular estrogen synthesis in the male pig, Sus scrofa. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215390. [PMID: 30986232 PMCID: PMC6464225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of steroid hormones is complex and dependent upon steroidogenic enzymes, cofactors, receptors, and transporters expressed within a tissue. Collectively, these factors create an environment for tissue-specific steroid hormone profiles and potentially tissue-specific responses to drug administration. Our objective was to assess steroid production, including sulfated steroid metabolites in the boar testis, prostate, and liver following inhibition of aromatase, the enzyme that converts androgen precursors to estrogens. Boars were treated with the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole from 11 to 16 weeks of age and littermate boars received the canola oil vehicle. Steroid profiles were evaluated in testes, prostate, and livers of 16, 20, and 40 week old boars using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Testis, prostate, and liver had unique steroid profiles in vehicle-treated animals. Only C18 steroid hormones were altered by treatment with the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole; no significant differences were detected in any of the C19 or C21 steroids evaluated. Testis was the only tissue with significantly decreased free estrogens following treatment with the aromatase inhibitor; estrone and estradiol concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) in testes from 16, 20, and 40 week letrozole-treated boars. However, concentrations of the sulfated conjugates, estrone-sulfate and estradiol-sulfate, were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in 16 and 20 week boar testes, prostates, and livers from letrozole-treated boars. Hence, the distribution of estrogens between the free and conjugated forms was altered in a tissue-specific manner following inhibition of aromatase. The results suggest sulfated testicular estrogens are important estrogen precursors for the prostate, potentially enabling peripheral target tissues to synthesize free estrogens in the male pig.
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Tsugawa Y, Hiramoto M, Imai T. Estrogen induces estrogen receptor α expression and hepatocyte proliferation in late pregnancy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:592-596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang F, Tipoe GL, Yang C, Nanji AA, Hao X, So KF, Xiao J. Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide Supplementation Improves Alcoholic Liver Injury in Female Mice by Inhibiting Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800144. [PMID: 29797417 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is a water fraction of wolfberry, which has been demonstrated to possess a hepatoprotective effect in several liver disease models. However, the anti-alcoholic liver disease (anti-ALD) mechanism of LBP has not been investigated thoroughly. Its protective effects on both male and femal mice are investigated in the current study. METHODS AND RESULTS A chronic ethanol-fed ALD in vivo model is applied to study the effect of LBP in both male and female mice. It is observed that ethanol causes more severe liver injury in female than male mice, and the ameliorative effects of LBP are also more significant in female mice, which are impaired after complete bilateral oophorectomy. The hepatic SCD1 expression is found to be positively correlated with the severity of the liver damage and the main mediator of LBP inducer of protection. The AMPK-CPT pathway is also activated by LBP to rebalance the dysregulated lipid metabolism during ALD development. By using concurrent sodium palmitate and an ethanol-induced in vitro cell damage model in AML-12 cell line, it is characterized that LBP directly interacts with ERα instead of ERβ to activate the SCD1-AMPK-CPT pathway. CONCLUSIONS LBP is an effective and safe hepatoprotective agent against ALD primarily through the SCD1-AMPK-CPT pathway after ERα agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - George L Tipoe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Changqing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Amin A Nanji
- School of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H1V, Canada
| | - Xiangfeng Hao
- Yinchuan Bairuiyuan Biotechnology, Yinchuan, 750200, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- GMH Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong.,GMH Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Kao TL, Kuan YP, Cheng WC, Chang WC, Jeng LB, Yeh S, Ma WL. Estrogen receptors orchestrate cell growth and differentiation to facilitate liver regeneration. Theranostics 2018; 8:2672-2682. [PMID: 29774067 PMCID: PMC5957001 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Improving liver regeneration (LR) capacity and thereby liver function reserve is a critical bridging strategy for managing liver failure patients. Since estrogen signaling may participate in LR, our aim was to characterize the roles of ERα and ERβ in LR. Methods: LR capacity and estradiol levels following 2/3rd partial hepatectomy (PHx) were compared in ERα-KO or ERβ-KO vs. wildtype mice. The ERα- or ERβ-related transcriptome and interactome were analyzed from regenerating livers, and then bioinformatics was used for pathway discovery and analysis of interactome-transcriptome relationships. Human hepatic progenitors (HepRG cells) and mouse Hepa1-6 hepatocytes were used to elucidate molecular interactions and functions. Results: This paper demonstrated that estrogen signals orchestrate hepatic repopulation and differentiation via distinct transcriptome patterns governed by ERα or ERβ. Cell repopulation pathway was associated with the ERα-transcriptome, but cell differentiation and metabolic function were associated with the ERβ transcriptome. Mechanistic studies linking ERs interactomes and transcriptomes discovered that ERα-Chd1 interaction promoted cell growth by upregulating Ssxb6, Crygc, and Cst1; and, ERβ-Ube3a interaction facilitated hepatic progenitor cell differentiation to hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, specifically by upregulating Ifna5. Conclusions: ERα and ERβ orchestrate liver cell proliferation and differentiation respectively, thereby promoting LR.
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Choi E, Kim W, Joo SK, Park S, Park JH, Kang YK, Jin SY, Chang MS. Expression patterns of STAT3, ERK and estrogen-receptor α are associated with development and histologic severity of hepatic steatosis: a retrospective study. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:23. [PMID: 29615085 PMCID: PMC5883355 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis renders hepatocytes vulnerable to injury, resulting in the progression of preexisting liver disease. Previous animal and cell culture studies implicated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and estrogen-receptor α in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and disease progression. However, to date there have been few studies performed using human liver tissue to study hepatic steatosis. We examined the expression patterns of mTOR, STAT3, ERK and estrogen-receptor α in liver tissues from patients diagnosed with hepatic steatosis. METHODS We reviewed the clinical and histomorphological features of 29 patients diagnosed with hepatic steatosis: 18 with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 11 with alcoholic fatty acid disease (AFLD), and a control group (16 biliary cysts and 22 hepatolithiasis). Immunohistochemistry was performed on liver tissue using an automated immunostainer. The histologic severity of hepatic steatosis was evaluated by assessing four key histomorphologic parameters common to NAFLD and AFLD: steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning degeneration and fibrosis. RESULTS mTOR, phosphorylated STAT3, phosphorylated pERK, estrogen-receptor α were found to be more frequently expressed in the hepatic steatosis group than in the control group. Specifically, mTOR was expressed in 78% of hepatocytes, and ERK in 100% of hepatic stellate cells, respectively, in patients with NAFLD. Interestingly, estrogen-receptor α was diffusely expressed in hepatocytes in all NALFD cases. Phosphorylated (active) STAT3 was expressed in 73% of hepatocytes and 45% of hepatic stellate cells in patients with AFLD, and phosphorylated (active) ERK was expressed in hepatic stellate cells in all AFLD cases. Estrogen-receptor α was expressed in all AFLD cases (focally in 64% of AFLD cases, and diffusely in 36%). Phosphorylated STAT3 expression in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells correlated with severe lobular inflammation, severe ballooning degeneration and advanced fibrosis, whereas diffusely expressed estrogen-receptor α correlated with a mild stage of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate ERK activation and estrogen-receptor α may be relevant in the development of hepatic steatosis. However, diffuse expression of estrogen-receptor α would appear to impede disease progression, including hepatic fibrosis. Finally, phosphorylated STAT3 may also contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euno Choi
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Mareunnae-ro 9, Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Young Jin
- Department of Pathology, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, 59 daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea.
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Possible Estrogen Dependency in the Pathogenesis of Branchial Cleft Cysts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2017:1807056. [PMID: 29410959 PMCID: PMC5749213 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1807056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Even though branchial cleft cysts are currently accepted as a congenital anomaly, there is often a long delay until clinical presentation; branchial cleft cysts classically appear in the second to fourth decade of life. Our observation of their occurrence in three pregnant women encouraged us to contemplate a possible hormonal influence. Methods Immunohistological analysis was performed for the evaluation of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 16 patients with a diagnosis of branchial cleft cyst, with three of them being pregnant. Results Expression of ERα was detected within epithelial cells only in branchial cleft cysts in pregnant females; moreover, higher growth fractions (Ki-67/Mib1) were found. Conclusion The fact that the estrogen receptor was expressed only in pregnant women, in contrast to 13 investigated cases, may suggest that the high level of estrogen in pregnancy is a possible explanation for the spontaneous growth of branchial cleft cysts.
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Döring P, Pilo GM, Calvisi DF, Dombrowski F. [Nuclear Her2 expression in hepatocytes in liver disease]. DER PATHOLOGE 2017; 38:211-217. [PMID: 29018945 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-017-0351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Her2 is a well-known member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) superfamily, a group of transmembrane receptors that mediate effects of proliferation and survival and thus play an important role in tumorigenesis. EGFRs can translocate to the nucleus and may mediate DNA repair and cell cycle arrest. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize hepatocellular Her2 expression in different liver diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Her2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 674 liver biopsies. RESULTS Hepatocytes often revealed a nuclear and cytoplasmic Her2 expression in different liver diseases with the strongest association to alcoholic steatohepatitis. The histologic parameters of hepatocellular ballooning and the presence of Mallory-Denk bodies strongly correlated with Her2 positivity. Interestingly, in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) nuclear Her2 expression was frequently observed. Furthermore, Her2 positive hepatocytes showed a loss of estrogen receptor expression and increased expression of p21, a cell cycle regulator, and pSTAT3, a downstream effector of nuclear Her2. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear Her2 expression in hepatocytes with further metabolic and cell cycle alterations may imply a so far unknown mechanism of a stress response. So far, the effects on disease course and a possible role of nuclear Her2 in progression to HCC are unclear and the subject of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Döring
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland.
| | - G M Pilo
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - D F Calvisi
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - F Dombrowski
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland
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Liver Regeneration: Analysis of the Main Relevant Signaling Molecules. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4256352. [PMID: 28947857 PMCID: PMC5602614 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4256352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a highly organized tissue regrowth process and is the most important reaction of the liver to injury. The overall process of liver regeneration includes three phases: priming stage, proliferative phase, and termination phase. The initial step aims to induce hepatocytes to be sensitive to growth factors with the aid of some cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6. The proliferation phase promotes hepatocytes to re-enter G1 with the stimulation of growth factors. While during the termination stage, hepatocytes will discontinue to proliferate to maintain normal liver mass and function. Except for cytokine- and growth factor-mediated pathways involved in regulating liver regeneration, new substances and technologies emerge to influence the regenerative process. Here, we reviewed novel and important signaling molecules involved in the process of liver regeneration to provide a cue for further research.
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Cooke PS, Nanjappa MK, Ko C, Prins GS, Hess RA. Estrogens in Male Physiology. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:995-1043. [PMID: 28539434 PMCID: PMC6151497 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens have historically been associated with female reproduction, but work over the last two decades established that estrogens and their main nuclear receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) also regulate male reproductive and nonreproductive organs. 17β-Estradiol (E2) is measureable in blood of men and males of other species, but in rete testis fluids, E2 reaches concentrations normally found only in females and in some species nanomolar concentrations of estrone sulfate are found in semen. Aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens, is expressed in Leydig cells, seminiferous epithelium, and other male organs. Early studies showed E2 binding in numerous male tissues, and ESR1 and ESR2 each show unique distributions and actions in males. Exogenous estrogen treatment produced male reproductive pathologies in laboratory animals and men, especially during development, and studies with transgenic mice with compromised estrogen signaling demonstrated an E2 role in normal male physiology. Efferent ductules and epididymal functions are dependent on estrogen signaling through ESR1, whose loss impaired ion transport and water reabsorption, resulting in abnormal sperm. Loss of ESR1 or aromatase also produces effects on nonreproductive targets such as brain, adipose, skeletal muscle, bone, cardiovascular, and immune tissues. Expression of GPER is extensive in male tracts, suggesting a possible role for E2 signaling through this receptor in male reproduction. Recent evidence also indicates that membrane ESR1 has critical roles in male reproduction. Thus estrogens are important physiological regulators in males, and future studies may reveal additional roles for estrogen signaling in various target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Manjunatha K Nanjappa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Krawczyńska A, Herman AP, Antushevich H, Bochenek J, Dziendzikowska K, Gajewska A, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Modifications of Western-type diet regarding protein, fat and sucrose levels as modulators of steroid metabolism and activity in liver. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:331-341. [PMID: 27471150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the modification of the Western-type diet (high-fat, high-sucrose diet rich in saturated fatty acids) considering macronutrients content would influence hepatic metabolism and activity of steroids. For 3 weeks Wistar rat were fed the Western-type diet (21% fat, 35% sucrose, 19% protein, lard) and its modifications regarding dietary protein (10 and 19%), fat (5 and 21%) and sucrose (0 and 35%) levels. The steroid 5α-reductase type 1 (Srd5a1) and androgen receptor (Ar) gene expression as well as testosterone (T) conversion towards 5α-reduced derivatives in liver were positively correlated with body weight gain. The Western-type diets with decreased protein content regardless of the sucrose level exerted the most negative effect on the antioxidant system decreasing catalase (Cat), sodium dismutase (Sod1) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1) gene expression as well as Cat and Gpx activity and total antioxidant status, simultaneously intensifying lipid peroxidation. The impaired antioxidant system was accompanied by decreased level of hepatic T metabolism towards estrogens: 17β-estradiol (E2) and estriol, and increased estrogen receptor type 1 (Esr1) gene expression. Liver Esr1 mRNA level was differently correlated with T (positively) and E2 (negatively) plasma levels. Whereas the fat reduction in Western-type diet restored the plasma proportion between T and E2. In conclusion it could be stated that Western-type diet modification relating to protein, sucrose and fat content can influence hepatic steroid metabolism and activity; however the estrogens and androgens metabolism in liver would be connected with impairment of liver function or catabolic activity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Krawczyńska
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; Division of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej P Herman
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Hanna Antushevich
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Joanna Bochenek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Division of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alina Gajewska
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Division of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Gender Differences in Response to Prolonged Every-Other-Day Feeding on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Hepatocytes in Mice. Nutrients 2016; 8:176. [PMID: 27007393 PMCID: PMC4808902 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting decreases glucose and insulin levels and increases insulin sensitivity and lifespan. Decreased food intake influences the liver. Previous studies have shown gender differences in response to various types of caloric restriction, including every-other-day (EOD) feeding, in humans and rodents. Our goal was to show the influence of prolonged EOD feeding on the morphology, proliferation and apoptosis of livers from male and female mice. After nine months of an EOD diet, the livers from male and female mice were collected. We examined their morphology on histological slides using the Hematoxilin and Eosine (H_E) method and Hoechst staining of cell nuclei to evaluate the nuclear area of hepatocytes. We also evaluated the expression of mRNA for proto-oncogens, pro-survival proteins and apoptotic markers using Real Time Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR). We noted increased lipid content in the livers of EOD fed female mice. EOD feeding lead to a decrease of proliferation and apoptosis in the livers of female and male mice, which suggest that tissue maintenance occurred during EOD feeding. Our experiment revealed sex-specific expression of mRNA for proto-oncogenes and pro-survival and pro-apoptotic genes in mice as well as sex-specific responses to the EOD treatment.
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Arginine-induced insulin secretion in endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:717-22. [PMID: 26348775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Arginine, a semi-essential amino acid, is known as one of the most strongest insulin secretagogues in a glucose-dependent manner, but major mechanism is unknown. Arginine induced insulin secretion in mice as well as β cell line, NIT-1, in which more than 90% of intracellular insulin is prionsulin without arginine cultivation. Arginine administration reduced prionsulin amount in 30 s, then insulin is secreted from NIT1 cells. These data indicated that the target factor(s) for arginine-induced insulin secretion located in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We established the screening system for identifying the arginine mimetics. Brazilian propolis, not Chinese propolis, induced insulin secretion. To identify target factor(s) of arginine induced insulin secretion, our previous study was that nanobeads technology facilitated us to purify chemical-target factors. This time we chose the other way, proinsulin associating factor purification and arginine-immobilized agarose. Three proinsulin associating factors and 5 arginine interacting factors were identified. Among theses factors, Calnexin (CNX) was the only one factor, which belonged to both groups, suggesting that CNX might play a key role in arginine-induced insulin secretion in ER.
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Umeda M, Hiramoto M, Imai T. Partial hepatectomy induces delayed hepatocyte proliferation and normal liver regeneration in ovariectomized mice. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2015; 8:175-82. [PMID: 26170710 PMCID: PMC4494181 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s80212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens play central roles in sexual development, reproduction, and hepatocyte proliferation. The ovaries are one of the main organs for estradiol (E2) production. Ovariectomies (OVXs) were performed on the female mice, and hepatocyte proliferation was analyzed. The ovariectomized mice exhibited delayed hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy (PH) and also exhibited delayed and reduced E2 induction. Both E2 administration and PH induced the gene expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα). The transcripts of ERα were detected specifically in periportal hepatocytes after E2 administration and PH. Moreover, the E2 concentrations and hepatocyte proliferation rates were highest in the proestrus period of the estrous cycle. Taken together, these findings indicate that E2 accelerated ERα expression in periportal hepatocytes and hepatocyte proliferation in the female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Umeda
- Department of Aging Intervention, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaki Hiramoto
- Department of Aging Intervention, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan ; Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imai
- Department of Aging Intervention, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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