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Paneru BD, Chini J, McCright SJ, DeMarco N, Miller J, Joannas LD, Henao-Mejia J, Titchenell PM, Merrick DM, Lim HW, Lazar MA, Hill DA. Myeloid-derived miR-6236 potentiates adipocyte insulin signaling and prevents hyperglycemia during obesity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5394. [PMID: 38918428 PMCID: PMC11199588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) influence obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction, but the mechanisms by which they do so are not well understood. We show that miR-6236 is a bona fide miRNA that is secreted by ATMs during obesity. Global or myeloid cell-specific deletion of miR-6236 aggravates obesity-associated adipose tissue insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. miR-6236 augments adipocyte insulin sensitivity by inhibiting translation of negative regulators of insulin signaling, including PTEN. The human genome harbors a miR-6236 homolog that is highly expressed in the serum and adipose tissue of obese people. hsa-MIR-6236 expression negatively correlates with hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, and positively correlates with insulin sensitivity. Together, our findings establish miR-6236 as an ATM-secreted miRNA that potentiates adipocyte insulin signaling and protects against metabolic dysfunction during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bam D Paneru
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia Chini
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sam J McCright
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole DeMarco
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Miller
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leonel D Joannas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M Titchenell
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Merrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Hill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Aune SK, Helseth R, Kalstad AA, Laake K, Åkra S, Arnesen H, Solheim S, Seljeflot I. Links Between Adipose Tissue Gene Expression of Gut Leakage Markers, Circulating Levels, Anthropometrics, and Diet in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2177-2190. [PMID: 38827167 PMCID: PMC11144434 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s438818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-translocation to play a role in both systemic inflammation and in inflammatory adipose tissue. We aimed to investigate whether circulating LPS-related inflammatory markers and corresponding genetic expression in adipose tissue were associated with obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors, and dietary habits in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods Patients (n=382) suffering a myocardial infarction 2-8 weeks prior to inclusion were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), taken from the gluteal region, and fasting blood samples were collected at inclusion for determination of genetic expression of LPS-binding protein (LBP), CD14, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4 in SAT, and LPS, LBP, and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) in the circulation. All patients filled out a dietary registration form. Results Patients (median age 74 years, 25% women), had a median body mass index (BMI) of 25.9 kg/m2. Circulating levels of LBP correlated to BMI (p=0.02), were significantly higher in overweight or obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2) compared to normal- or underweight patients (BMI<25 kg/m2), and were significantly elevated in patients with T2DM, hypertension, and MetS, compared to patients without (p≤0.04, all). In SAT, gene expression of CD14 and LBP correlated significantly to BMI (p≤0.001, both), and CD14 and TLR2 expressions were significantly higher in patients with T2DM and MetS compared to patients without (p≤0.001, both). Circulating and genetically expressed CD14 associated with use of n-3 PUFAs (p=0.008 and p=0.003, respectively). No other significant associations were found between the measured markers and dietary habits. Conclusion In patients with established CAD, circulating levels of LBP and gene expression of CD14 and TLR2 in SAT were related to obesity, MetS, T2DM, and hypertension. This suggests that the LPS-LBP-CD14 inflammatory axis is activated in the chronic low-grade inflammation associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities, whereas no significant associations with dietary habits were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kristine Aune
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Helseth
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Are A Kalstad
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Laake
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Åkra
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Solheim
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Kvist AAS, Sharma A, Sommer C, Qvigstad E, Gulseth HL, Sollid ST, Nermoen I, Sattar N, Gill J, Tannæs TM, Birkeland KI, Lee-Ødegård S. Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance in South Asian and Nordic Women after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Metabolites 2024; 14:288. [PMID: 38786765 PMCID: PMC11123011 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
South Asians (SAs) have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) than white Europeans, especially following gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Despite similar blood glucose levels post-GDM, SAs exhibit more insulin resistance (IR) than Nordics, though the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to assess markers of adipose tissue (AT) IR and liver fat in SA and Nordic women post-GDM. A total of 179 SA and 108 Nordic women in Norway underwent oral glucose tolerance tests 1-3 years post-GDM. We measured metabolic markers and calculated the AT IR index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease liver fat (NAFLD-LFS) scores. Results showed that normoglycaemic SAs had less non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) suppression during the test, resembling prediabetes/T2D responses, and higher levels of plasma fetuin-A, CRP, and IL-6 but lower adiponectin, indicating AT inflammation. Furthermore, normoglycaemic SAs had higher NAFLD-LFS scores, lower insulin clearance, and higher peripheral insulin than Nordics, indicating increased AT IR, inflammation, and liver fat in SAs. Higher liver fat markers significantly contributed to the ethnic disparities in glucose metabolism, suggesting a key area for intervention to reduce T2D risk post-GDM in SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahalya Anita Suntharalingam Kvist
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Archana Sharma
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Christine Sommer
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Qvigstad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Stina Therese Sollid
- Department of Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Health Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Nermoen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jason Gill
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Tone Møller Tannæs
- EpiGen, Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kåre Inge Birkeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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4
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Peng C, Chen J, Wu R, Jiang H, Li J. Unraveling the complex roles of macrophages in obese adipose tissue: an overview. Front Med 2024; 18:205-236. [PMID: 38165533 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages, a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells, exhibit remarkable plasticity and play pivotal roles in coordinating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis within the context of metabolic diseases. The activation of inflammatory macrophages in obese adipose tissue leads to detrimental effects, inducing insulin resistance through increased inflammation, impaired thermogenesis, and adipose tissue fibrosis. Meanwhile, adipose tissue macrophages also play a beneficial role in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis by regulating angiogenesis, facilitating the clearance of dead adipocytes, and promoting mitochondrial transfer. Exploring the heterogeneity of macrophages in obese adipose tissue is crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of obesity and holds significant potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. Recently, the dual effects and some potential regulatory mechanisms of macrophages in adipose tissue have been elucidated using single-cell technology. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the intricate activation mechanisms and diverse functions of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity, as well as explore the potential of drug delivery systems targeting macrophages, aiming to enhance the understanding of current regulatory mechanisms that may be potentially targeted for treating obesity or metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Liao X, Zeng Q, Xie L, Zhang H, Hu W, Xiao L, Zhou H, Wang F, Xie W, Song J, Sun X, Wang D, Ding Y, Jiao Y, Mai W, Aini W, Hui X, Liu W, Hsueh WA, Deng T. Adipose stem cells control obesity-induced T cell infiltration into adipose tissue. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113963. [PMID: 38492218 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell infiltration into white adipose tissue (WAT) drives obesity-induced adipose inflammation, but the mechanisms of obesity-induced T cell infiltration into WAT remain unclear. Our single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a significant impact of adipose stem cells (ASCs) on T cells. Transplanting ASCs from obese mice into WAT enhances T cell accumulation. C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) is upregulated in ASCs as early as 4 weeks of high-fat diet feeding, coinciding with the onset of T cell infiltration into WAT during obesity. ASCs and bone marrow transplantation experiments demonstrate that CCL5 from ASCs plays a crucial role in T cell accumulation during obesity. The production of CCL5 in ASCs is induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha via the nuclear factor κB pathway. Overall, our findings underscore the pivotal role of ASCs in regulating T cell accumulation in WAT during the early phases of obesity, emphasizing their importance in modulating adaptive immunity in obesity-induced adipose inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Limin Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Haowei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wanyu Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Liuling Xiao
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77080, USA
| | - Hui Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Fanqi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wanqin Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha, Hunan 410028, China
| | - Jianfeng Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yujin Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yayi Jiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wuqian Mai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wufuer Aini
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery and Bariatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- The Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tuo Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Clinical Immunology Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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6
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Wu Y, Li Y, Sun M, Yu F, Liu H, Xu J, Tang X. FAP deficiency enhances thermogenesis and attenuates metabolic inflammation in diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:528-539. [PMID: 38100123 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) is expressed in normal adipose tissue and related to some pleiotropic metabolic regulators. However, the exact role and mechanism of FAP in obesity and related metabolic disorders are not well understood. METHODS FAP knockout mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. FAP knockout mice or wild-type mice treated with an FAP inhibitor were subjected to cold stress for 5 days. RESULTS FAP deficiency protected mice against HFD-induced obesity and obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Notably, FAP deficiency largely reversed obesity-induced adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and M1-M2 imbalance in white adipose tissue (WAT). Moreover, energy expenditure was significantly higher in FAP-deficient mice fed an HFD. Both FAP deficiency and inhibition increased cold tolerance through enhancing WAT beiging. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that FAP deficiency protects mice against diet-induced obesity and related metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, the protective effects are probably mediated via the promotion of WAT beiging and suppression of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Fangliu Yu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jingyun Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xingli Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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7
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Eisinger K, Girke P, Buechler C, Krautbauer S. Adipose tissue depot specific expression and regulation of fibrosis-related genes and proteins in experimental obesity. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:13-30. [PMID: 37884762 PMCID: PMC10884164 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-10022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (Tgfb) is a well-studied pro-fibrotic cytokine, which upregulates cellular communication network factor 2 (Ccn2), collagen, and actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (Acta2) expression. Obesity induces adipose tissue fibrosis, which contributes to metabolic diseases. This work aimed to analyze the expression of Tgfb, Ccn2, collagen1a1 (Col1a1), Acta2 and BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (Bambi), which is a negative regulator of Tgfb signaling, in different adipose tissue depots of mice fed a standard chow, mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) and ob/ob mice. Principally, these genes were low expressed in brown adipose tissues and this difference was less evident for the ob/ob mice. Ccn2 and Bambi protein as well as mRNA expression, and collagen1a1 mRNA were not induced in the adipose tissues upon HFD feeding whereas Tgfb and Acta2 mRNA increased in the white fat depots. Immunoblot analysis showed that Acta2 protein was higher in subcutaneous and perirenal fat of these mice. In the ob/ob mice, Ccn2 mRNA and Ccn2 protein were upregulated in the fat depots. Here, Tgfb, Acta2 and Col1a1 mRNA levels and serum Tgfb protein were increased. Acta2 protein was, however, not higher in subcutaneous and perirenal fat of these mice. Col6a1 mRNA was shown before to be higher in obese fat tissues. Current analysis proved the Col6a1 protein was induced in subcutaneous fat of HFD fed mice. Notably, Col6a1 was reduced in perirenal fat of ob/ob mice in comparison to the respective controls. 3T3-L1 cells express Ccn2 and Bambi protein, whose levels were not changed by fatty acids, leptin, lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6. All of these factors led to higher Tgfb in 3T3-L1 adipocyte media but did not increase its mRNA levels. Free fatty acids induced necrosis whereas apoptosis did not occur in any of the in vitro incubations excluding cell death as a main reason for higher Tgfb in cell media. In summary, Tgfb mRNA is consistently induced in white fat tissues in obesity but this is not paralleled by a clear increase of its target genes. Moreover, discrepancies between mRNA and protein expression of Acta2 were observed. Adipocytes seemingly do not contribute to higher Tgfb mRNA levels in obesity. These cells release more Tgfb protein when challenged with obesity-related metabolites connecting metabolic dysfunction and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Eisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Girke
- Department of Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Insua A, Galindo-Moreno P, Miron RJ, Wang HL, Monje A. Emerging factors affecting peri-implant bone metabolism. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:27-78. [PMID: 37904311 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Implant dentistry has evolved to the point that standard implant osseointegration is predictable. This is attributed in part to the advancements in material sciences that have led toward improvements in implant surface technology and characteristics. Nonetheless, there remain several cases where implant therapy fails (specifically at early time points), most commonly attributed to factors affecting bone metabolism. Among these patients, smokers are known to have impaired bone metabolism and thus be subject to higher risks of early implant failure and/or late complications related to the stability of the peri-implant bone and mucosal tissues. Notably, however, emerging data have unveiled other critical factors affecting osseointegration, namely, those related to the metabolism of bone tissues. The aim of this review is to shed light on the effects of implant-related factors, like implant surface or titanium particle release; surgical-related factors, like osseodensification or implanted biomaterials; various drugs, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, proton pump inhibitors, anti-hypertensives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, and statins, and host-related factors, like smoking, diet, and metabolic syndrome on bone metabolism, and aseptic peri-implant bone loss. Despite the infectious nature of peri-implant biological complications, these factors must be surveyed for the effective prevention and management of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Insua
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alberto Monje
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Pathak MP, Patowary P, Chattopadhyay P, Barbhuiyan PA, Islam J, Gogoi J, Wankhar W. Obesity-associated Airway Hyperresponsiveness: Mechanisms Underlying Inflammatory Markers and Possible Pharmacological Interventions. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1053-1068. [PMID: 37957906 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303256440231028072049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is rapidly becoming a global health problem affecting about 13% of the world's population affecting women and children the most. Recent studies have stated that obese asthmatic subjects suffer from an increased risk of asthma, encounter severe symptoms, respond poorly to anti-asthmatic drugs, and ultimately their quality-of-life decreases. Although, the association between airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and obesity is a growing concern among the public due to lifestyle and environmental etiologies, however, the precise mechanism underlying this association is yet to establish. Apart from aiming at the conventional antiasthmatic targets, treatment should be directed towards ameliorating obesity pathogenesis too. Understanding the pathogenesis underlying the association between obesity and AHR is limited, however, a plethora of obesity pathologies have been reported viz., increased pro-inflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines, depletion of ROS controller Nrf2/HO-1 axis, NLRP3 associated macrophage polarization, hypertrophy of WAT, and down-regulation of UCP1 in BAT following down-regulated AMPKα and melanocortin pathway that may be correlated with AHR. Increased waist circumference (WC) or central obesity was thought to be related to severe AHR, however, some recent reports suggest body mass index (BMI), not WC tends to exaggerate airway closure in AHR due to some unknown mechanisms. This review aims to co-relate the above-mentioned mechanisms that may explain the copious relation underlying obesity and AHR with the help of published reports. A proper understanding of these mechanisms discussed in this review will ensure an appropriate treatment plan for patients through advanced pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pompy Patowary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
| | | | | | - Johirul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Assam Kaziranga University, Jorhat, India
| | - Jyotchna Gogoi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, India
| | - Wankupar Wankhar
- Department of Dialysis, Faculty of Paramedical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, India
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10
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Li Y, Dong X, He W, Quan H, Chen K, Cen C, Wei W. Ube2L6 Promotes M1 Macrophage Polarization in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice via ISGylation of STAT1 to Trigger STAT1 Activation. Obes Facts 2023; 17:24-36. [PMID: 37820603 PMCID: PMC10836867 DOI: 10.1159/000533966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), M1 macrophages aggravate chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. ISG15-conjugation enzyme E2L6 (Ube2L6) has been demonstrated as a promoter of obesity and insulin resistance. This study investigated the function and mechanism of Ube2L6 in M1 macrophage polarization in obesity. METHODS Obesity was induced in Ube2L6AKO mice and age-matched Ube2L6flox/flox control mice by high-fat diet (HFD). Stromal vascular cells were isolated from the epididymal white adipose tissue of mice. Polarization induction was performed in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) by exposure to IFN-γ, lipopolysaccharide, or IL-4. F4/80 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining. Expressions of M1/M2 macrophage markers and target molecules were determined by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting, respectively. Protein interaction was validated by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. The release of TNF-α and IL-10 was detected by ELISA. RESULTS The polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages together with an increase in macrophage infiltration was observed in HFD-fed mice, which could be restrained by Ube2L6 knockdown. Additionally, Ube2L6 deficiency triggered the repolarization of BMDMs from M1 to M2 phenotypes. Mechanistically, Ube2L6 promoted the expression and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) through interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15)-mediated ISGlylation, resulting in M1 macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION Ube2L6 exerts as an activator of STAT1 via post-translational modification of STAT1 by ISG15, thereby triggering M1 macrophage polarization in HFD-fed obese mice. Overall, targeting Ube2L6 may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for ameliorating obesity-related T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Li
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenqian He
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Huibiao Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Kaining Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Chaoping Cen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Weiping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Bi X, Li B, Zou J, Zhao J, Chen Y, Wang X, Lu F, Li Y, Dong Z, Gao J. Fascia Promotes Adipose Tissue Regeneration by Improving Early Macrophage Infiltration after Fat Grafting in a Mouse Model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152:446e-457e. [PMID: 36723983 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low early macrophage fat graft infiltration (within a week of surgery) hinders tissue regeneration, suggesting that macrophages play a vital role in early angiogenesis and adipogenesis. However, the source of macrophages during this period is unclear. METHOD C57BL/6 mice were split into fascial removal (FR) group and control groups (CG). Mice had a piece of back fascia removed in the FR group, which was immediately replaced in the CG, and inguinal fat injected into the transplantation site of both groups. Separately, fascia was harvested from green fluorescent protein-expressing mice and transplanted into C57BL/6 mice for tracing macrophage infiltration after fat grafting. RESULTS The number of capillaries in the FR group was lower than that in the CG at days 3 ( P < 0.01) and 7 ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the number of small adipocytes in the FR group was lower than in the CG on days 3, 7, and 14 (all P < 0.05), and the relative expression of several adipogenic proteins was significantly lower in the FR group than in the CG on days 14 and 30. The timeline of macrophage infiltration was consistent with angiogenesis and adipogenesis. The number of macrophages in the FR group was significantly lower than in the CG at days 3 and 7 ( P < 0.05), and there were more fascia-derived macrophages than circulation-derived macrophages infiltrated into fat grafts within 7 days. Finally, the graft retention was lower in the FR group than the CG at day 90 ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the early stage after fat grafting, fascial macrophage infiltration initiates tissue regeneration, thereby improving graft retention by promoting angiogenesis and adipogenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT In the clinic, injecting fat close to the fascia may increase fat retention. Fascia is widespread and self-regenerating, which may be a promising alternative source of local macrophages, with implications for tissue-engineering therapies such as correction of soft-tissue defects and breast reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bi
- From the Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
- Dermatology Department, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province
| | - Bin Li
- From the Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Jialiang Zou
- From the Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Jing Zhao
- From the Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Yunzi Chen
- From the Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Xinhui Wang
- From the Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Feng Lu
- From the Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Ye Li
- From the Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Ziqing Dong
- From the Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Jianhua Gao
- From the Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
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12
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Paneru BD, Hill DA. The role of extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs in adipose tissue function and metabolic health. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2023; 5:e00027. [PMID: 37501663 PMCID: PMC10371064 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer size lipid particles that are released from virtually every cell type. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs carried by EVs play important roles in intercellular and interorgan communication. In the context of obesity and insulin resistance, EV-derived miRNAs functionally bridge major metabolic organs, including the adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas, to regulate insulin secretion and signaling. As a result, many of these EV-derived miRNAs have been proposed as potential disease biomarkers and/or therapeutic agents. However, the field's knowledge of EV miRNA-mediated regulation of mammalian metabolism is still in its infancy. Here, we review the evidence indicating that EV-derived miRNAs provide cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ communication to support metabolic health, highlight the potential medical relevance of these discoveries, and discuss the most important knowledge gaps and future directions for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bam D. Paneru
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A. Hill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Lee JH, Lee SH, Lee EH, Cho JY, Song DK, Lee YJ, Kwon TK, Oh BC, Cho KW, Osborne TF, Jeon TI, Im SS. SCAP deficiency facilitates obesity and insulin resistance through shifting adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J Adv Res 2023; 45:1-13. [PMID: 35659922 PMCID: PMC10006517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-associating protein (SCAP) is a sterol-regulated escort protein that translocates SREBPs from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, thereby activating lipid metabolism and cholesterol synthesis. Although SCAP regulates lipid metabolism in metabolic tissues, such as the liver and muscle, the effect of macrophage-specific SCAP deficiency in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) of patients with metabolic diseases is not completely understood. OBJECTIVES Here, we examined the function of SCAP in high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHS)-fed mice and investigated its role in the polarization of classical activated macrophages in adipose tissue. METHODS Macrophage-specific SCAP knockout (mKO) mice were generated through crossbreeding lysozyme 2-cre mice with SCAP floxed mice which were then fed HFHS for 12 weeks. Primary macrophages were derived from bone marrow cells and analyzed further. RESULTS We found that fat accumulation and the appearance of proinflammatory M1 macrophages were both higher in HFHS-fed SCAP mKO mice relative to floxed control mice. We traced the effect to a defect in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated increase in SREBP-1a that occurs in control but not SCAP mKO mice. Mechanistically, SREBP-1a increased expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase transcription, resulting in an increase in the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), an endogenous agonist of liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) which increased expression of cholesterol efflux to limit cholesterol accumulation and M1 polarization. In the absence of SCAP mediated activation of SREBP-1a, increased M1 macrophage polarization resulted in reduced cholesterol efflux downstream from 25-HC-dependent LXRα activation. CONCLUSION Overall, the activation of the SCAP-SREBP-1a pathway in macrophages may provide a novel therapeutic strategy that ameliorates obesity by controlling cholesterol homeostasis in ATMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Younsoo-gu, Inchon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Physiology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Younsoo-gu, Inchon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bioScience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Tae-Il Jeon
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Chinnasamy P, Casimiro I, Riascos-Bernal DF, Venkatesh S, Parikh D, Maira A, Srinivasan A, Zheng W, Tarabra E, Zong H, Jayakumar S, Jeganathan V, Pradan K, Aleman JO, Singh R, Nandi S, Pessin JE, Sibinga NES. Increased adipose catecholamine levels and protection from obesity with loss of Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:38. [PMID: 36596796 PMCID: PMC9810600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies implicate macrophages in regulation of thermogenic, sympathetic neuron-mediated norepinephrine (NE) signaling in adipose tissues, but understanding of such non-classical macrophage activities is incomplete. Here we show that male mice lacking the allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF1) protein resist high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hyperglycemia. We link this phenotype to higher adipose NE levels that stem from decreased monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expression and NE clearance by AIF1-deficient macrophages, and find through reciprocal bone marrow transplantation that donor Aif1-/- vs WT genotype confers the obesity phenotype in mice. Interestingly, human sequence variants near the AIF1 locus associate with obesity and diabetes; in adipose samples from participants with obesity, we observe direct correlation of AIF1 and MAOA transcript levels. These findings identify AIF1 as a regulator of MAOA expression in macrophages and catecholamine activity in adipose tissues - limiting energy expenditure and promoting energy storage - and suggest how it might contribute to human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prameladevi Chinnasamy
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dario F Riascos-Bernal
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shreeganesh Venkatesh
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dippal Parikh
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alishba Maira
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aparna Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Elena Tarabra
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Haihong Zong
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center and Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Smitha Jayakumar
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Venkatesh Jeganathan
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kith Pradan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jose O Aleman
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center and Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sayan Nandi
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center and Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas E S Sibinga
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center and Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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15
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Cai Z, He B. Adipose tissue aging: An update on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Metabolism 2023; 138:155328. [PMID: 36202221 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases. Adipose tissue plays central roles in the maintenance of whole-body metabolism homeostasis and has recently attracted significant attention as a biological driver of aging and age-related diseases. Here, we review the most recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying age-related decline in adipose tissue function. In particular, we focus on the complex inter-relationship between metabolism, immune, and sympathetic nervous system within adipose tissue during aging. Moreover, we discuss the rejuvenation strategies to delay aging and extend lifespan, including senescent cell ablation (senolytics), dietary intervention, physical exercise, and heterochronic parabiosis. Understanding the pathological mechanisms that underlie adipose tissue aging will be critical for the development of new intervention strategies to slow or reverse aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Cai
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ben He
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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16
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Adipose Tissue-Derived CCL5 Enhances Local Pro-Inflammatory Monocytic MDSCs Accumulation and Inflammation via CCR5 Receptor in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214226. [PMID: 36430701 PMCID: PMC9692513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-C chemokine motif ligand 5 (CCL5) and its receptors have recently been thought to be substantially involved in the development of obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. However, the respective contributions of tissue-derived and myeloid-derived CCL5 to the etiology of obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, and the involvement of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), remain unclear. This study used CCL5-knockout mice combined with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and mice with local injections of shCCL5/shCCR5 or CCL5/CCR5 lentivirus into bilateral epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). CCL5 gene deletion significantly ameliorated HFD-induced inflammatory reactions in eWAT and protected against the development of obesity and insulin resistance. In addition, tissue (non-hematopoietic) deletion of CCL5 using the BMT method not only ameliorated adipose tissue inflammation by suppressing pro-inflammatory M-MDSC (CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6Chi) accumulation and skewing local M1 macrophage polarization, but also recruited reparative M-MDSCs (CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6Clow) and M2 macrophages to the eWAT of HFD-induced obese mice, as shown by flow cytometry. Furthermore, modulation of tissue-derived CCL5/CCR5 expression by local injection of shCCL5/shCCR5 or CCL5/CCR5 lentivirus substantially impacted the distribution of pro-inflammatory and reparative M-MDSCs as well as macrophage polarization in bilateral eWAT. These findings suggest that an obesity-induced increase in adipose tissue CCL5-mediated signaling is crucial in the recruitment of tissue M-MDSCs and their trans-differentiation to tissue pro-inflammatory macrophages, resulting in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance.
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17
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Hagarty-Waite KA, Totten MS, Pierce M, Armah SM, Erikson KM. Influence of Sex and Strain on Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Trace Element Concentrations and Gene Expression in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J High Fat Diet Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213778. [PMID: 36430257 PMCID: PMC9697485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of sex and strain on the dysregulation of trace element concentration and associative gene expression due to diet induced obesity in adipose tissue and the liver. Male and female C57BL/6J (B6J) and DBA/2J (D2J) were randomly assigned to a normal-fat diet (NFD) containing 10% kcal fat/g or a mineral-matched high-fat diet (HFD) containing 60% kcal fat/g for 16 weeks. Liver and adipose tissue were assessed for copper, iron, manganese, and zinc concentrations and related changes in gene expression. Notable findings include three-way interactions of diet, sex, and strain amongst adipose tissue iron concentrations (p = 0.005), adipose hepcidin expression (p = 0.007), and hepatic iron regulatory protein (IRP) expression (p = 0.012). Cd11c to Cd163 ratio was increased in adipose tissue due to HFD amongst all biological groups except B6J females, for which tissue iron concentrations were reduced due to HFD (p = 0.002). Liver divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT-1) expression was increased due to HFD amongst B6J males (p < 0.005) and females (p < 0.004), which coincides with the reduction in hepatic iron concentrations found in these biological groups (p < 0.001). Sex, strain, and diet affected trace element concentration, the expression of genes that regulate trace element homeostasis, and the expression of macrophages that contribute to tissue iron-handling in adipose tissue. These findings suggest that sex and strain may be key factors that influence the adaptive capacity of iron mismanagement in adipose tissue and its subsequent consequences, such as insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa S. Totten
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Salem College, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Matthew Pierce
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Seth M. Armah
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Keith M. Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
- Correspondence:
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Xiong S, Tan J, Wang Y, He J, Hu F, Wu X, Liu Z, Lin S, Li X, Chen Z, Mao R. Fibrosis in fat: From other diseases to Crohn’s disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935275. [PMID: 36091035 PMCID: PMC9453038 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Creeping fat is a specific feature of Crohn’s disease (CD) and is characterized by mesenteric fat wrapping around the intestine. It highly correlates with intestinal transmural inflammation, muscular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and stricture formation. However, the pathogenesis of creeping fat remains unclear. Molecular crosstalk exists between mesenteric fat and the intestine. Indeed, creeping fat contains different types of cells, including adipocytes and immune cells. These cell types can produce various cytokines, fatty acids, and growth factors, which affect the mesenteric fat function and modulate intestinal inflammation and immunity. Moreover, adipocyte progenitors can produce extracellular matrix to adapt to fat expansion. Previous studies have shown that fat fibrosis is an important feature of adipose tissue malfunction and exists in other diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer, atrial fibrillation, and osteoarthritis. Furthermore, histological sections of CD showed fibrosis in the creeping fat. However, the role of fibrosis in the mesenteric fat of CD is not well understood. In this review, we summarized the possible mechanisms of fat fibrosis and its impact on other diseases. More specifically, we illustrated the role of various cells (adipocyte progenitors, macrophages, mast cells, and group 1 innate lymphoid cells) and molecules (including hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, platelet-derived growth factor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) in the pathogenesis of fat fibrosis in other diseases to understand the role of creeping fat fibrosis in CD pathogenesis. Future research will provide key information to decipher the role of fat fibrosis in creeping fat formation and intestinal damage, thereby helping us identify novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinshen He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zishan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sinan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ren Mao, ; Zhihui Chen,
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huidong People’s Hospital, Huizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ren Mao, ; Zhihui Chen,
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19
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Liang W, Qi Y, Yi H, Mao C, Meng Q, Wang H, Zheng C. The Roles of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Human Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908749. [PMID: 35757707 PMCID: PMC9222901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a population of immune cells functioning in antigen presentation and inflammatory response. Research has demonstrated that macrophages belong to a cell lineage with strong plasticity and heterogeneity and can be polarized into different phenotypes under different microenvironments or stimuli. Many macrophages can be recruited by various cytokines secreted by adipose tissue. The recruited macrophages further secrete various inflammatory factors to act on adipocytes, and the interaction between the two leads to chronic inflammation. Previous studies have indicated that adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are closely related to metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes. Here, we will not only conclude the current progress of factors affecting the polarization of adipose tissue macrophages but also elucidate the relationship between ATMs and human diseases. Furthermore, we will highlight its potential in preventing and treating metabolic diseases as immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Liang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanxu Qi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyang Yi
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenyu Mao
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qingxue Meng
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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20
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Osorio-Conles Ó, Olbeyra R, Moizé V, Ibarzabal A, Giró O, Viaplana J, Jiménez A, Vidal J, de Hollanda A. Positive Effects of a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Almonds on Female Adipose Tissue Biology in Severe Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132617. [PMID: 35807797 PMCID: PMC9267991 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that weight-loss-independent Mediterranean diet benefits on cardiometabolic health and diabetes prevention may be mediated, at least in part, through the modulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) biology. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of a dietary intervention based on the Mediterranean diet supplemented with almonds (MDSA) on the main features of obesity-associated WAT dysfunction. A total of 38 women with obesity were randomly assigned to a 3-month intervention with MDSA versus continuation of their usual dietary pattern. Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsies were obtained before and after the dietary intervention, and at the end of the study period, respectively. MDSA favored the abundance of small adipocytes in WAT. In SAT, the expression of angiogenesis genes increased after MDSA intervention. In VAT, the expression of genes implicated in adipogenesis, angiogenesis, autophagy and fatty acid usage was upregulated. In addition, a higher immunofluorescence staining for PPARG, CD31+ cells and M2-like macrophages and increased ADRB1 and UCP2 protein contents were found compared to controls. Changes in WAT correlated with a significant reduction in circulating inflammatory markers and LDL-cholesterol levels. These results support a protective effect of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with almonds on obesity-related WAT dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Osorio-Conles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Ó.O.-C.); (V.M.); (J.V.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Romina Olbeyra
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Violeta Moizé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Ó.O.-C.); (V.M.); (J.V.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainitze Ibarzabal
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Oriol Giró
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Judith Viaplana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Ó.O.-C.); (V.M.); (J.V.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Amanda Jiménez
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (Ó.O.-C.); (V.M.); (J.V.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (A.d.H.); Tel.: +34-93-227-20-12 (J.V.); +34-93-227-98-46 (A.d.H.); Fax: +34-93-227-55-89 (J.V. & A.d.H.)
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.); (O.G.); (A.J.)
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (A.d.H.); Tel.: +34-93-227-20-12 (J.V.); +34-93-227-98-46 (A.d.H.); Fax: +34-93-227-55-89 (J.V. & A.d.H.)
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21
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Neutrophils Actively Contribute to Obesity-Associated Inflammation and Pathological Complications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121883. [PMID: 35741012 PMCID: PMC9221045 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an increase in body weight associated with an exaggerated enlargement of the adipose tissue. Obesity has serious negative effects because it is associated with multiple pathological complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and COVID-19. Nowadays, 39% of the world population is obese or overweight, making obesity the 21st century epidemic. Obesity is also characterized by a mild, chronic, systemic inflammation. Accumulation of fat in adipose tissue causes stress and malfunction of adipocytes, which then initiate inflammation. Next, adipose tissue is infiltrated by cells of the innate immune system. Recently, it has become evident that neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in blood, are the first immune cells infiltrating the adipose tissue. Neutrophils then get activated and release inflammatory factors that recruit macrophages and other immune cells. These immune cells, in turn, perpetuate the inflammation state by producing cytokines and chemokines that can reach other parts of the body, creating a systemic inflammatory condition. In this review, we described the recent findings on the role of neutrophils during obesity and the initiation of inflammation. In addition, we discuss the involvement of neutrophils in the generation of obesity-related complications using diabetes as a prime example.
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22
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Su WP, Chang LC, Song WH, Yang LX, Wang LC, Chia ZC, Chin YC, Shan YS, Huang CC, Yeh CS. Polyaniline-Based Glyco-Condensation on Au Nanoparticles Enhances Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24144-24159. [PMID: 35579575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is considered among the deadliest cancers with a poor prognosis. Au@PG nanoparticles (NPs) are gold (Au)-based NPs featuring a polyaniline-based glyco structure (PG) generated from the polymerization of ortho-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (ONPG) with promising M1 macrophage polarization activity, resulting in tumor remodeling and from a cold to a hot microenvironment, which promotes the cytotoxic T cell response and tumor inhibition. The combination of Au@PG NPs and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy improved tumor inhibition and immunosuppression, accompanied by the secretion of immunogenic cytokines. A one-pot synthetic method was developed to achieve glyco-condensation during the formation of Au@PG NPs, which induced macrophage polarization more efficiently than Au@glucose, Au@mannose, and Au@galactose NPs. The switch from M2 to M1 macrophages was dependent on NP size, with smaller Au@PG NPs performing better than larger ones, with effectiveness ranked as follows: 32.2 nm ≈ 29.8 nm < 26.4 nm < 18.3 nm. Cellular uptake by endocytosis induced size-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which resulted in the activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), leading to immune modulations and macrophage polarization. Our results suggested the promising potential of Au@PG NPs in lung cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Su
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Wei-How Song
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Xing Yang
- Department of Photonics, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Liu-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Chun Chia
- Department of Photonics, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chin
- Department of Photonics, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Huang
- Department of Photonics, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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23
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Pan Y, Cao S, Tang J, Arroyo JP, Terker AS, Wang Y, Niu A, Fan X, Wang S, Zhang Y, Jiang M, Wasserman DH, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Cyclooxygenase-2 in adipose tissue macrophages limits adipose tissue dysfunction in obese mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152391. [PMID: 35499079 PMCID: PMC9057601 DOI: 10.1172/jci152391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shirong Cao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Juan P. Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew S. Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yahua Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ming Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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24
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Duan H, Jing L, Xiang J, Ju C, Wu Z, Liu J, Ma X, Chen X, Liu Z, Feng J, Yan X. CD146 Associates with Gp130 to Control a Macrophage Pro-inflammatory Program That Regulates the Metabolic Response to Obesity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103719. [PMID: 35258174 PMCID: PMC9069186 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction involves the development of systemic inflammation, largely mediated by macrophages. Switching of M1-like adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) to M2-like ATMs, a population of macrophages associated with weight loss and insulin sensitivity, is considered a viable therapeutic strategy for obesity-related metabolic syndrome. However, mechanisms for reestablishing the polarization of ATMs remain elusive. This study demonstrates that CD146+ ATMs accumulate in adipose tissue during diet-induced obesity and are associated with increased body weight, systemic inflammation, and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Inactivating the macrophage CD146 gene or antibody targeting of CD146 alleviates obesity-related chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Macrophage CD146 interacts with Glycoprotein 130 (Gp130), the common subunit of the receptor signaling complex for the interleukin-6 family of cytokines. CD146/Gp130 interaction promotes pro-inflammatory polarization of ATMs by activating JNK signaling and inhibiting the activation of STAT3, a transcription factor for M2-like polarization. Disruption of their interaction by anti-CD146 antibody or interleukin-6 steers ATMs toward anti-inflammatory polarization, thus attenuating obesity-induced chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in mice. The results suggest that macrophage CD146 is an important determinant of pro-inflammatory polarization and plays a pivotal role in obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. CD146 could constitute a novel therapeutic target for obesity complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Duan
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Lin Jing
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Jianquan Xiang
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Chenhui Ju
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Jing Feng
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes in Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
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25
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Cai Z, Huang Y, He B. New Insights into Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:1424. [PMID: 35563728 PMCID: PMC9104938 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic that poses a severe threat to human health. Evidence suggests that many obesity comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, steatohepatitis, and cardiovascular diseases, are related to obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation. Macrophages are the primary immune cells involved in obesity-associated inflammation in both mice and humans. Intensive research over the past few years has yielded tremendous progress in our understanding of the additional roles of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) beyond classical M1/M2 polarization in obesity and related comorbidities. In this review, we first characterize the diverse subpopulations of ATMs in the context of obesity. Furthermore, we review the recent advance on the role of the extensive crosstalk between adipocytes and ATMs in obesity. Finally, we focus on the extended crosstalk within adipose tissue between perivascular mesenchymal cells and ATMs. Understanding the pathological mechanisms that underlie obesity will be critical for the development of new intervention strategies to prevent or treat this disease and its associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben He
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai 200030, China; (Z.C.); (Y.H.)
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26
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Dai M, Yang X, Yu Y, Pan W. Helminth and Host Crosstalk: New Insight Into Treatment of Obesity and Its Associated Metabolic Syndromes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827486. [PMID: 35281054 PMCID: PMC8913526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated Metabolic Syndromes (Mets) represent a global epidemic health problem. Metabolic inflammation, lipid accumulation and insulin resistance contribute to the progression of these diseases, thereby becoming targets for drug development. Epidemiological data have showed that the rate of helminth infection negatively correlates with the incidence of obesity and Mets. Correspondingly, numerous animal experiments and a few of clinic trials in human demonstrate that helminth infection or its derived molecules can mitigate obesity and Mets via induction of macrophage M2 polarization, inhibition of adipogenesis, promotion of fat browning, and improvement of glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation. Interestingly, sporadic studies also uncover that several helminth infections can reshape gut microbiota of hosts, which is intimately implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and Mets. Overall, these findings indicate that the crosstalk between helminth and hosts may be a novel direction for obesity and Mets therapy. The present article reviews the molecular mechanism of how helminth masters immunity and metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Pan, ; Yinghua Yu,
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Pan, ; Yinghua Yu,
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27
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Lee-Ødegård S, Olsen T, Norheim F, Drevon CA, Birkeland KI. Potential Mechanisms for How Long-Term Physical Activity May Reduce Insulin Resistance. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030208. [PMID: 35323652 PMCID: PMC8950317 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin became available for the treatment of patients with diabetes 100 years ago, and soon thereafter it became evident that the biological response to its actions differed markedly between individuals. This prompted extensive research into insulin action and resistance (IR), resulting in the universally agreed fact that IR is a core finding in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is the most prevalent form of diabetes, reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Physical activity (PA) has the potential of improving IR and is, therefore, a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Whereas most research has focused on the acute effects of PA, less is known about the effects of long-term PA on IR. Here, we describe a model of potential mechanisms behind reduced IR after long-term PA to guide further mechanistic investigations and to tailor PA interventions in the therapy of T2DM. The development of such interventions requires knowledge of normal glucose metabolism, and we briefly summarize an integrated physiological perspective on IR. We then describe the effects of long-term PA on signaling molecules involved in cellular responses to insulin, tissue-specific functions, and whole-body IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (T.O.); (F.N.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (T.O.); (F.N.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Christian Andre Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (T.O.); (F.N.); (C.A.D.)
- Vitas Ltd. Analytical Services, Oslo Science Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre Inge Birkeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence:
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Häussler S, Sadri H, Ghaffari MH, Sauerwein H. Symposium review: Adipose tissue endocrinology in the periparturient period of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3648-3669. [PMID: 35181138 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of adipose tissue (AT) in metabolism is not limited to energy storage but turned out to be much more complex. We now know that in addition to lipid metabolism, AT is important in glucose homeostasis and AA metabolism and also has a role in inflammatory processes. With the discovery of leptin in 1994, the concept of AT being able to secrete messenger molecules collectively termed as adipokines, and acting in an endo-, para-, and autocrine manner emerged. Moreover, based on its asset of receptors, many stimuli from other tissues reaching AT via the bloodstream can also elicit distinct responses and thus integrate AT as a control element in the regulatory circuits of the whole body's functions. The protein secretome of human differentiated adipocytes was described to comprise more than 400 different proteins. However, in dairy cows, the characterization of the physiological time course of adipokines in AT during the transition from pregnancy to lactation is largely limited to the mRNA level; for the protein level, the analytical methods are limited and available assays often lack sound validation. In addition to proteinaceous adipokines, small compounds such as steroids can also be secreted from AT. Due to the lipophilic nature of steroids, they are stored in AT, but during the past years, AT became also known as being able to metabolize and even to generate steroid hormones de novo. In high-yielding dairy cows, AT is substantially mobilized due to increased energy requirements related to lactation. As to whether the steroidogenic system in AT is affected and may change during the common loss of body fat is largely unknown. Moreover, most research about AT in transition dairy cows is based on subcutaneous AT, whereas other depots have scarcely been investigated. This contribution aims to review the changes in adipokine mRNA and-where available-protein expression with time relative to calving in high-yielding dairy cows at different conditions, including parity, body condition, diet, specific feed supplements, and health disorders. In addition, the review provides insights into steroidogenic pathways in dairy cows AT, and addresses differences between fat depots where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Häussler
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Hassan Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 516616471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Ding Z, Zhao Y, Liu J, Ge W, Xu X, Wang S, Zhang J. Dietary Succinoglycan Riclin Improves Glycemia Control in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1819-1829. [PMID: 35132858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Riclin is a typical succinoglycan produced by an agrobacterium isolate. Our previous investigation has revealed that oral riclin restores the islet function in type 1 diabetic mice. However, whether dietary riclin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unknown. Here, we found that dietary riclin (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (55 and 67%), improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased insulin resistance in high-fat-diet/streptozocin (HFD/STZ)-induced T2D. Riclin reduced the proportion of T helper 1 cell subsets in diabetic mice, alleviated pancreatic inflammation, and protected islet function. Moreover, dietary riclin enriched the diversity of gut microflora and restored the relative abundance of several bacterial genera in diabetes, including the strains of Clostridium, Parasutterella, Klebsiella, and Bacteroides. In db/db diabetic mice, riclin also improves glycemia control as observed in HFD/STZ-induced T2D mice. These data suggest that riclin has potential to be a functional food to treat T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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30
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Li J, Li J, Ni J, Zhang C, Jia J, Wu G, Sun H, Wang S. Berberine Relieves Metabolic Syndrome in Mice by Inhibiting Liver Inflammation Caused by a High-Fat Diet and Potential Association With Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:752512. [PMID: 35095784 PMCID: PMC8790126 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.752512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether berberine mediates its anti-inflammatory and blood sugar and lipid-lowering effects solely by adjusting the structure of the gut microbiota or by first directly regulating the expression of host pro-inflammatory proteins and activation of macrophages and subsequently acting on gut microbiota, is currently unclear. To clarify the mechanism of berberine-mediated regulation of metabolism, we constructed an obese mouse model using SPF-grade C57BL/6J male mice and conducted a systematic study of liver tissue pathology, inflammatory factor expression, and gut microbiota structure. We screened the gut microbiota targets of berberine and showed that the molecular mechanism of berberine-mediated treatment of metabolic syndrome involves the regulation of gut microbiota structure and the expression of inflammatory factors. Our results revealed that a high-fat diet (HFD) significantly changed mice gut microbiota, thereby probably increasing the level of toxins in the intestine, and triggered the host inflammatory response. The HFD also reduced the proportion of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genes, thereby hindering mucosal immunity and cell nutrition, and increased the host inflammatory response and liver fat metabolism disorders. Further, berberine could improve the chronic HFD-induced inflammatory metabolic syndrome to some extent and effectively improved the metabolism of high-fat foods in mice, which correlated with the gut microbiota composition. Taken together, our study may improve our understanding of host-microbe interactions during the treatment of metabolic diseases and provide useful insights into the action mechanism of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Jinan Zhangqiu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajia Ni
- Research and Development Center, Guangdong Meilikang Bio-Science Ltd., Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Caibo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianlei Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoying Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongzhao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
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Wang N, Liu BW, Ma CM, Yan Y, Su QW, Yin FZ. Influence of overweight and obesity on the mortality of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:104-116. [PMID: 35071510 PMCID: PMC8727241 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i1.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with a better prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (the so-called obesity survival paradox), but conflicting results have been found.
AIM To investigate the relationship between all-cause mortality and body mass index in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
METHODS This retrospective study included patients with community-acquired pneumonia hospitalized in the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from June 2013 to November 2018. The patients were grouped as underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and overweight/obesity (≥ 24 kg/m2). The primary outcome was all-cause hospital mortality.
RESULTS Among 2327 patients, 297 (12.8%) were underweight, 1013 (43.5%) normal weight, and 1017 (43.7%) overweight/obesity. The all-cause hospital mortality was 4.6% (106/2327). Mortality was lowest in the overweight/obesity group and highest in the underweight group (2.8%, vs 5.0%, vs 9.1%, P < 0.001). All-cause mortality of overweight/obesity patients was lower than normal-weight patients [odds ratio (OR) = 0.535, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.334-0.855, P = 0.009], while the all-cause mortality of underweight patients was higher than that of normal-weight patients (OR = 1.886, 95%CI: 1.161-3.066, P = 0.010). Multivariable analysis showed that abnormal neutrophil counts (OR = 2.38, 95%CI: 1.55-3.65, P < 0.001), abnormal albumin levels (OR = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.06-0.72, P = 0.014), high-risk Confusion-Urea-Respiration-Blood pressure-65 score (OR = 2.89, 95%CI: 1.48-5.64, P = 0.002), and intensive care unit admission (OR = 3.11, 95%CI: 1.77-5.49, P < 0.001) were independently associated with mortality.
CONCLUSION All-cause mortality of normal-weight patients was higher than overweight/ obesity patients, lower than that of underweight patients. Neutrophil counts, albumin levels, Confusion-Urea-Respiration-Blood pressure-65 score, and intensive care unit admission were independently associated with mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bo-Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chun-Ming Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Quan-Wei Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fu-Zai Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066001, Hebei Province, China
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Doncheva AI, Norheim FA, Hjorth M, Grujic M, Paivandy A, Dankel SN, Hertel JK, Valderhaug TG, Böttcher Y, Fernø J, Mellgren G, Dalen KT, Pejler G, Kolset SO. Serglycin Is Involved in Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:121-132. [PMID: 34872979 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic local inflammation of adipose tissue is an important feature of obesity. Serglycin is a proteoglycan highly expressed by various immune cell types known to infiltrate adipose tissue under obese conditions. To investigate if serglycin expression has an impact on diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation, we subjected Srgn +/+ and Srgn -/- mice (C57BL/6J genetic background) to an 8-wk high-fat and high-sucrose diet. The total body weight was the same in Srgn +/+ and Srgn -/- mice after diet treatment. Expression of white adipose tissue genes linked to inflammatory pathways were lower in Srgn -/- mice. We also noted reduced total macrophage abundance, a reduced proportion of proinflammatory M1 macrophages, and reduced formation of crown-like structures in adipose tissue of Srgn -/- compared with Srgn +/+ mice. Further, Srgn -/- mice had more medium-sized adipocytes and fewer large adipocytes. Differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes (3T3-L1) was accompanied by reduced Srgn mRNA expression. In line with this, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from mouse and human adipose tissue supports that Srgn mRNA is predominantly expressed by various immune cells, with low expression in adipocytes. Srgn mRNA expression was higher in obese compared with lean humans and mice, accompanied by an increased expression of immune cell gene markers. SRGN and inflammatory marker mRNA expression was reduced upon substantial weight loss in patients after bariatric surgery. Taken together, this study introduces a role for serglycin in the regulation of obesity-induced adipose inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanaska I Doncheva
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode A Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirjana Grujic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aida Paivandy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Tone G Valderhaug
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- EpiGen, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and.,EpiGen, Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Johan Fernø
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut T Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Svein O Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;
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Imbert A, Vialaneix N, Marquis J, Vion J, Charpagne A, Metairon S, Laurens C, Moro C, Boulet N, Walter O, Lefebvre G, Hager J, Langin D, Saris WHM, Astrup A, Viguerie N, Valsesia A. Network Analyses Reveal Negative Link Between Changes in Adipose Tissue GDF15 and BMI During Dietary-induced Weight Loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e130-e142. [PMID: 34415992 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue (AT) transcriptome studies provide holistic pictures of adaptation to weight and related bioclinical settings changes. OBJECTIVE To implement AT gene expression profiling and investigate the link between changes in bioclinical parameters and AT gene expression during 3 steps of a 2-phase dietary intervention (DI). METHODS AT transcriptome profiling was obtained from sequencing 1051 samples, corresponding to 556 distinct individuals enrolled in a weight loss intervention (8-week low-calorie diet (LCD) at 800 kcal/day) followed with a 6-month ad libitum randomized DI. Transcriptome profiles obtained with QuantSeq sequencing were benchmarked against Illumina RNAseq. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to further confirm associations. Cell specificity was assessed using freshly isolated cells and THP-1 cell line. RESULTS During LCD, 5 modules were found, of which 3 included at least 1 bioclinical variable. Change in body mass index (BMI) connected with changes in mRNA level of genes with inflammatory response signature. In this module, change in BMI was negatively associated with changes in expression of genes encoding secreted protein (GDF15, CCL3, and SPP1). Through all phases of the DI, change in GDF15 was connected to changes in SPP1, CCL3, LIPA and CD68. Further characterization showed that these genes were specific to macrophages (with LIPA, CD68 and GDF15 expressed in anti-inflammatory macrophages) and GDF15 also expressed in preadipocytes. CONCLUSION Network analyses identified a novel AT feature with GDF15 upregulated with calorie restriction induced weight loss, concomitantly to macrophage markers. In AT, GDF15 was expressed in preadipocytes and macrophages where it was a hallmark of anti-inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Imbert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France
- INRAE, UR875 Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées Toulouse, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Vialaneix
- INRAE, UR875 Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées Toulouse, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julien Marquis
- Université de Lausanne, Genomic Technologies Facility, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Vion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Metabolic Health Department, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Metairon
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Metabolic Health Department, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Laurens
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Cedric Moro
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Adipose tissue, microbiota and cardiometabolic flexibility, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Ondine Walter
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Metabolic Health Department, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Lefebvre
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Metabolic Health Department, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Hager
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Metabolic Health Department, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse University Hospitals, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Metabolic Health Department, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Adipose Tissue Biology. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235516. [PMID: 34884217 PMCID: PMC8658722 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) procedures are actually the most effective intervention to help subjects with severe obesity achieve significant and sustained weight loss. White adipose tissue (WAT) is increasingly recognized as the largest endocrine organ. Unhealthy WAT expansion through adipocyte hypertrophy has pleiotropic effects on adipocyte function and promotes obesity-associated metabolic complications. WAT dysfunction in obesity encompasses an altered adipokine secretome, unresolved inflammation, dysregulated autophagy, inappropriate extracellular matrix remodeling and insufficient angiogenic potential. In the last 10 years, accumulating evidence suggests that BS can improve the WAT function beyond reducing the fat depot sizes. The causal relationships between improved WAT function and the health benefits of BS merits further investigation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the short-, medium- and long-term outcomes of BS on the WAT composition and function.
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35
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Gan Z, Zhang M, Xie D, Wu X, Hong C, Fu J, Fan L, Wang S, Han S. Glycinergic Signaling in Macrophages and Its Application in Macrophage-Associated Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:762564. [PMID: 34675940 PMCID: PMC8523992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.762564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences support that amino acids direct the fate decision of immune cells. Glycine is a simple structural amino acid acting as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Besides, glycine receptors as well as glycine transporters are found in macrophages, indicating that glycine alters the functions of macrophages besides as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Mechanistically, glycine shapes macrophage polarization via cellular signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, NRF2, and Akt) and microRNAs. Moreover, glycine has beneficial effects in preventing and/or treating macrophage-associated diseases such as colitis, NAFLD and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Collectively, this review highlights the conceivable role of glycinergic signaling for macrophage polarization and indicates the potential application of glycine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in macrophage-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhending Gan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Xie
- Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changming Hong
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Fu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sufang Han
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Gissler MC, Anto-Michel N, Pennig J, Scherrer P, Li X, Marchini T, Pfeiffer K, Härdtner C, Abogunloko T, Mwinyella T, Sol Mitre L, Spiga L, Koentges C, Smolka C, von Elverfeldt D, Hoppe N, Stachon P, Dufner B, Heidt T, Piepenburg S, Hilgendorf I, Bjune JI, Dankel SN, Mellgren G, Seifert G, Eisenhardt SU, Bugger H, von Zur Muhlen C, Bode C, Zirlik A, Wolf D, Willecke F. Genetic Deficiency of TRAF5 Promotes Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Aggravates Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2563-2574. [PMID: 34348490 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes is a prerequisite of adipose tissue inflammation during cardiometabolic disease. We previously reported that a genetic deficiency of the intracellular signaling adaptor TRAF5 (TNF [tumor necrosis factor] receptor-associated factor 5) accelerates atherosclerosis in mice by increasing inflammatory cell recruitment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that an impairment of TRAF5 signaling modulates adipose tissue inflammation and its metabolic complications in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice. Approach and Results: To induce diet-induced obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, wild-type or Traf5-/- mice consumed a high-fat diet for 18 weeks. Traf5-/- mice showed an increased weight gain, impaired insulin tolerance, and increased fasting blood glucose. Weight of livers and peripheral fat pads was increased in Traf5-/- mice, whereas lean tissue weight and growth were not affected. Flow cytometry of the stromal vascular fraction of visceral adipose tissue from Traf5-/- mice revealed an increase in cytotoxic T cells, CD11c+ macrophages, and increased gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. At the level of cell types, expression of TNF[alpha], MIP (macrophage inflammatory protein)-1[alpha], MCP (monocyte chemoattractant protein)-1, and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) was significantly upregulated in Traf5-deficient adipocytes but not in Traf5-deficient leukocytes from visceral adipose tissue. Finally, Traf5 expression was lower in adipocytes from obese patients and mice and recovered in adipose tissue of obese patients one year after bariatric surgery. Conclusions: We show that a genetic deficiency of TRAF5 in mice aggravates diet-induced obesity and its metabolic derangements by a proinflammatory response in adipocytes. Our data indicate that TRAF5 may promote anti-inflammatory and obesity-preventing signaling events in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Colin Gissler
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Nathaly Anto-Michel
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (N.A.M., H.B., A.Z.)
| | - Jan Pennig
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Philipp Scherrer
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Katharina Pfeiffer
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Carmen Härdtner
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Tijani Abogunloko
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Timothy Mwinyella
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Lucia Sol Mitre
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Lisa Spiga
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Christoph Koentges
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
- Institute of Neuropathology (C.K.), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Smolka
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics (D.v.E.), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Hoppe
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Peter Stachon
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Bianca Dufner
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Timo Heidt
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Sven Piepenburg
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Jan-Inge Bjune
- Center for Diabetes Research (J.-I.B., S.N.D., G.M.), University of Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science (J.-I.B., S.N.D., G.M.), University of Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.-I.B., S.N.D., G.M.)
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Center for Diabetes Research (J.-I.B., S.N.D., G.M.), University of Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science (J.-I.B., S.N.D., G.M.), University of Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.-I.B., S.N.D., G.M.)
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Center for Diabetes Research (J.-I.B., S.N.D., G.M.), University of Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science (J.-I.B., S.N.D., G.M.), University of Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.-I.B., S.N.D., G.M.)
| | - Gabriel Seifert
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery (G.S.), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen U Eisenhardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany (S.U.E.)
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (N.A.M., H.B., A.Z.)
| | - Constantin von Zur Muhlen
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Christoph Bode
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (N.A.M., H.B., A.Z.)
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
| | - Florian Willecke
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (M.C.G., J.P., P.S., X.L., T. Marchini, K.P., C.H., T.A., T. Mwinyella, L.S.M., L.S., C.K., C.S., N.H., P.S., B.D., T.H., S.P., I.H., C.v.z.M., C.B., D.W., F.W.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany (F.W.)
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37
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Hong Q, Huo S, Tang H, Qu X, Yue B. Smart Nanomaterials for Treatment of Biofilm in Orthopedic Implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:694635. [PMID: 34589470 PMCID: PMC8473796 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.694635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms refer to complex bacterial communities that are attached to the surface of animate or inanimate objects, which highly resist the antibiotics or the host immune defense mechanisms. Pathogenic biofilms in medicine are general, chronic, and even costly, especially on medical devices and orthopedic implants. Bacteria within biofilms are the cause of many persistent infections, which are almost impossible to eradicate. Though some progress has been made in comprehending the mechanisms of biofilm formation and persistence, novel alternative compounds or strategies and effective anti-biofilm antibiotics are still lacking. Smart materials of nano size which are able to respond to an external stimulus or internal environment have a great range of applications in clinic. Recently, smart nanomaterials with or without carriage of antibiotics, targeting specific bacteria and biofilm under some stimuli, have shown great potential for pathogenic biofilm and resident bacteria eradication. First, this review briefly summarizes and describes the significance of biofilms and the process of biofilm formation. Then, we focus on some of the latest research studies involving biofilm elimination, which probably could be applied in orthopedic implants. Finally, some outstanding challenges and limitations that need to be settled urgently in order to make smart nanomaterials effectively target and treat implant biofilms are also discussed. It is hoped that there will be more novel anti-biofilm strategies for biofilm infection in the prospective future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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38
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Abstract
In this review, Lee and Olefsky discuss the characteristics of chronic inflammation in the major metabolic tissues and how obesity triggers these events, including a focus on the role of adipose tissue hypoxia and macrophage-derived exosomes. Obesity is the most common cause of insulin resistance, and the current obesity epidemic is driving a parallel rise in the incidence of T2DM. It is now widely recognized that chronic, subacute tissue inflammation is a major etiologic component of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of immunometabolism. We discuss the characteristics of chronic inflammation in the major metabolic tissues and how obesity triggers these events, including a focus on the role of adipose tissue hypoxia and macrophage-derived exosomes. Last, we also review current and potential new therapeutic strategies based on immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jerrold Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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39
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Isaac R, Reis FCG, Ying W, Olefsky JM. Exosomes as mediators of intercellular crosstalk in metabolism. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1744-1762. [PMID: 34496230 PMCID: PMC8428804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoparticles secreted by all cell types and are a large component of the broader class of nanoparticles termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). Once secreted, exosomes gain access to the interstitial space and ultimately the circulation, where they exert local paracrine or distal systemic effects. Because of this, exosomes are important components of an intercellular and intraorgan communication system capable of carrying biologic signals from one cell type or tissue to another. The exosomal cargo consists of proteins, lipids, miRNAs, and other RNA species, and many of the biologic effects of exosomes have been attributed to miRNAs. Exosomal miRNAs have also been used as disease biomarkers. The field of exosome biology and metabolism is rapidly expanding, with new discoveries and reports appearing on a regular basis, and it is possible that potential therapeutic approaches for the use of exosomes or miRNAs in metabolic diseases will be initiated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Isaac
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Felipe Castellani Gomes Reis
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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40
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Semnani-Azad Z, Blanco Mejia S, Connelly PW, Bazinet RP, Retnakaran R, Jenkins DJA, Harris SB, Hanley AJ. The association of soluble CD163, a novel biomarker of macrophage activation, with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its underlying physiological disorders: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13257. [PMID: 33913230 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review investigates the association of sCD163, a novel biomarker of macrophage activation, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance, and beta-cell dysfunction. Sixteen studies (seven cross-sectional, two case-control, one nested case-control, three prospective cohort, and three experimental) were identified. Most studies demonstrated that elevated sCD163 concentrations were associated with increased insulin resistance. Cross-sectional, case-control, and nested case-control studies showed higher sCD163 in subjects with T2DM compared with healthy individuals. An 18-year follow-up prospective cohort study showed that elevated baseline sCD163 was a strong predictor of T2DM incidence. Prospective cohort studies demonstrated that baseline measures and longitudinal changes in sCD163 were positively associated with insulin resistance; however, associations with beta-cell function were inconsistent. Two experimental studies evaluated the relationship of sCD163 with T2DM and HOMA-IR after weight-reducing interventions. After very low-calorie diet treatments, sCD163 concentration declined significantly in patients with T2DM but was not associated with insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery did not significantly impact sCD163 levels. In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, resveratrol supplementation significantly reduced circulating sCD163 in T2DM patients. Current studies demonstrate the potential utility of sCD163 as an early biomarker of T2DM risk and highlight a potential mechanism linking obesity with T2DM onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Semnani-Azad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Reyes-Farias M, Fos-Domenech J, Serra D, Herrero L, Sánchez-Infantes D. White adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and aging. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114723. [PMID: 34364887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both obesity and aging are associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is one of the mechanisms implicated in the progression of these diseases. Obesity and aging trigger adipose tissue alterations that ultimately lead to a pro-inflammatory phenotype of the adipose tissue-resident immune cells. Obesity and aging also share other features such as a higher visceral vs. subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio and a decreased lifespan. Here, we review the common characteristics of obesity and aging and the alterations in white adipose tissue and resident immune cells. We focus on the adipose tissue metabolic derangements in obesity and aging such as inflammation and adipose tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Reyes-Farias
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Fos-Domenech
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Sánchez-Infantes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), E-28922 Madrid, Spain.
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Pathak MP, Patowary P, Goyary D, Das A, Chattopadhyay P. β-caryophyllene ameliorated obesity-associated airway hyperresponsiveness through some non-conventional targets. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 89:153610. [PMID: 34175589 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity worsens airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatic subjects by up-regulating macrophage polarization that leads to excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines from white adipose tissue followed by generation of oxidative stress in the respiratory system. Treatment through conventional signaling pathways proved to be inadequate in obese asthmatics, so a therapeutical approach through a non-conventional pathway may prove to be effective. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a FDA-approved food additive, β-caryophyllene (BCP) in obesity-associated AHR. METHOD A repertoire of protein expression, cytokine and adiponectin estimation, oxidative stress assays, histopathology, and fluorescence immune-histochemistry were performed to assess the efficacy of BCP in C57BL/6 mice model of obesity-associated AHR. Additionally, human adipocyte was utilized to study the effect of BCP on macrophage polarization in Boyden chamber cell culture inserts. RESULTS Obesity-associated AHR is ameliorated by administration of BCP by inhibition of the macrophage polarization by activation of AMPKα, Nrf2/HO-1 and AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 signaling pathway, up-regulation of adiponectin, GLP-1, IFN-γ, SOD, catalase and down-regulation of NF-κB, leptin, IL-4, TNF, and IL-1β. Browning of eWAT by induction of thermogenesis and activation of melanocortin pathway also contributed to the amelioration of obesity-associated AHR. We conclude that BCP ameliorated the obesity-associated AHR via inhibition of macrophage polarization, activation of AMPKα, Nrf2/HO-1, and up-regulation of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression and down-regulation of NFκB expression in lung of animal. CONCLUSION Being an FDA-approved food additive, BCP may prove to be a safe and potential agent against obesity-associated AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manash Pratim Pathak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, 784001, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, India
| | - Pompy Patowary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, 784001, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, India
| | - Danswrang Goyary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, 784001, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, India
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Dipta P, Sarsenbayeva A, Shmuel M, Forno F, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ, Abalo XM, Wabitsch M, Thaysen-Andersen M, Tirosh B. Macrophage-derived secretome is sufficient to confer olanzapine-mediated insulin resistance in human adipocytes. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 7:100073. [PMID: 35757056 PMCID: PMC9216267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Li W, Zeng H, Xu M, Huang C, Tao L, Li J, Zhang T, Chen H, Xia J, Li C, Li X. Oleanolic Acid Improves Obesity-Related Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Regulating Macrophages Activation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:697483. [PMID: 34393781 PMCID: PMC8361479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.697483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissues, primarily mediated by adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), is the key pathogenic link between obesity and metabolic disorders. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural triterpenoid possessing anti-diabetic and anti-inflammation effects, but the machinery is poorly understood. This study investigated the detailed mechanisms of OA on adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, then daily intragastric administrated with vehicle, 25 and 50 mg/kg OA for 4 weeks. Comparing with vehicle, OA administration in obese mice greatly improved insulin resistance, and reduced adipose tissue hypertrophy, ATM infiltration as well as the M1/M2 ratio. The pro-inflammatory markers were significantly down-regulated by OA in both adipose tissue of obese mice and RAW264.7 macrophages treated with interferon gamma/lipopolysaccharide (IFN-γ/LPS). Furthermore, it was found that OA suppressed activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome through decreasing voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This is the first report that oleanolic acid exerts its benefits by affecting mitochondrial function and macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunli Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Félix I, Jokela H, Karhula J, Kotaja N, Savontaus E, Salmi M, Rantakari P. Single-Cell Proteomics Reveals the Defined Heterogeneity of Resident Macrophages in White Adipose Tissue. Front Immunol 2021; 12:719979. [PMID: 34381461 PMCID: PMC8350344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) regulate homeostasis and contribute to the metabolically harmful chronic inflammation in obese individuals. While evident heterogeneity of resident ATMs has been described previously, their phenotype, developmental origin, and functionality remain inconsistent. We analyzed white adipose tissue (WAT) during homeostasis and diet interventions using comprehensive and unbiased single-cell mass cytometry and genetic lineage tracking models. We now provide a uniform definition of individual subsets of resident ATMs. We show that in lean mice, WAT co-harbors eight kinetically evolving CD206+ macrophage subpopulations (defined by TIM4, CD163, and MHC II) and two CD206- macrophage subpopulations. TIM4-CD163+, TIM4-CD163- and CD206- macrophage populations are largely bone marrow-derived, while the proliferating TIM4+CD163+ subpopulation is of embryonic origin. All macrophage subtypes are active in phagocytosis, endocytosis, and antigen processing in vitro, whereas TIM4+CD163+ cells are superior in scavenging in vivo. A high-fat diet induces massive infiltration of CD206- macrophages and selective down-regulation of MHC II on TIM4+ macrophages. These changes are reversed by dietary intervention. Thus, the developmental origin and environment jointly regulate the functional malleability of resident ATMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Félix
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heli Jokela
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Joonas Karhula
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Kotaja
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Rantakari
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Alexaki VI. The Impact of Obesity on Microglial Function: Immune, Metabolic and Endocrine Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071584. [PMID: 34201844 PMCID: PMC8307603 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased life expectancy in combination with modern life style and high prevalence of obesity are important risk factors for development of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is a feature of neurodegenerative diseases, and microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, are central players in it. The present review discusses the effects of obesity, chronic peripheral inflammation and obesity-associated metabolic and endocrine perturbations, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and increased glucocorticoid levels, on microglial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Visceral adipose tissue imparts peripheral macrophage influx into the hypothalamus. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:140. [PMID: 34154608 PMCID: PMC8218389 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is characterized by a systemic inflammation and hypothalamic neuroinflammation. Systemic inflammation is caused by macrophages that infiltrate obese adipose tissues. We previously demonstrated that high-fat diet (HFD)-fed male mice exhibited peripheral macrophage infiltration into the hypothalamus, in addition to activation of resident microglia. Since this infiltration contributes to neuroinflammation and neuronal impairment, herein we characterize the phenotype and origin of these hypothalamic macrophages in HFD mice. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD (60% kcal from fat) or control diet with matching sucrose levels, for 12-16 weeks. Males and females were analyzed separately to determine sex-specific responses to HFD. Differences in hypothalamic gene expression in HFD-fed male and female mice, compared to their lean controls, in two different areas of the hypothalamus, were determined using the NanoString neuroinflammation panel. Phenotypic changes in macrophages that infiltrated the hypothalamus in HFD-fed mice were determined by analyzing cell surface markers using flow cytometry and compared to changes in macrophages from the adipose tissue and peritoneal cavity. Adipose tissue transplantation was performed to determine the source of hypothalamic macrophages. RESULTS We determined that hypothalamic gene expression profiles demonstrate sex-specific and region-specific diet-induced changes. Sex-specific changes included larger changes in males, while region-specific changes included larger changes in the area surrounding the median eminence. Several genes were identified that may provide partial protection to female mice. We also identified diet-induced changes in macrophage migration into the hypothalamus, adipose tissue, and peritoneal cavity, specifically in males. Further, we determined that hypothalamus-infiltrating macrophages express pro-inflammatory markers and markers of metabolically activated macrophages that were identical to markers of adipose tissue macrophages in HFD-fed mice. Employing adipose tissue transplant, we demonstrate that hypothalamic macrophages can originate from the visceral adipose tissue. CONCLUSION HFD-fed males experience higher neuroinflammation than females, likely because they accumulate more visceral fat, which provides a source of pro-inflammatory macrophages that migrate to other tissues, including the hypothalamus. Our findings may explain the male bias for neuroinflammation and the metabolic syndrome. Together, our results demonstrate a new connection between the adipose tissue and the hypothalamus in obesity that contributes to neuroinflammation and hypothalamic pathologies.
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Tegeder I, Kögel D. When lipid homeostasis runs havoc: Lipotoxicity links lysosomal dysfunction to autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:99-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chen LW, Chen PH, Yen JH. Inhibiting adipose tissue M1 cytokine expression decreases DPP4 activity and insulin resistance in a type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252153. [PMID: 34043673 PMCID: PMC8158933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation is a major cause of the pathogenesis of obesity and comorbidities. To study the involvement of M1/M2 cytokine expression of adipose tissue in the regulatory mechanisms of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) and insulin resistance in diabetes, stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) were purified from inguinal adipose tissue of diabetic (Leprdb/db) and non-diabetic (Lepr+/+) mice followed by analysis of M1/M2 cytokine expression. SVFs of Leprdb/db mice exhibited increased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL2, and DPP4 mRNA expression but decreased IL-10 mRNA expression. Plasma from Leprdb/db mice induced TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL2, and DPP4 mRNA expression and plasma from Lepr+/+ mice induced IL-10 mRNA expression in SVFs from Leprdb/db mice. Injection of Lepr+/+ plasma into the adipose tissue of Leprdb/db mice decreased mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL2, and DPP4 and protein expression of pJNK and DPP4 in SVFs, reduced mRNA expression of ICAM, FMO3, IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, and DPP4 and protein expression of ICAM, FMO3, and DPP4 in liver, and suppressed mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and DPP4 in Kupffer cells. Plasma from Leprdb/db mice did not induce M1 cytokine expression in SVFs from Leprdb/db-Jnk1-/- mice. Altogether, we demonstrate that diabetes induces M1 but decreases M2 cytokine expression in adipose tissue. Diabetic plasma-induced M1 expression is potentially through pJNK signaling pathways. Non-diabetic plasma reverses M1/M2 cytokine expression, plasma CCL2 levels, DPP4 activity, and Kupffer cell activation in diabetes. Our results suggest M1/M2 cytokine expression in adipose tissue is critical in diabetes-induced DPP4 activity, liver inflammation, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (L-WC); (J-HY)
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (L-WC); (J-HY)
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Al-Omar MS, Jabir M, Karsh E, Kadhim R, Sulaiman GM, Taqi ZJ, Khashan KS, Mohammed HA, Khan RA, Mohammed SAA. Gold Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide Flakes Enhance Cancer Cells' Phagocytosis through Granzyme-Perforin-Dependent Biomechanism. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061382. [PMID: 34073808 PMCID: PMC8225074 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the roles of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and graphene oxide flakes (GOFs) as phagocytosis enhancers against cancer cells. The nanomaterials were characterized through SEM and UV-VIS absorptions. The GNPs and GOFs increased the macrophages’ phagocytosis ability in engulfing, thereby annihilating the cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The GNPs and GOFs augmented serine protease class apoptotic protein, granzyme, passing through the aquaporin class protein, perforin, with mediated delivery through the cell membrane site for the programmed, calibrated, and conditioned cancer cells killing. Additionally, protease inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) significantly reduced granzyme and perforin activities of macrophages. The results demonstrated that the GOFs and GNPs increased the activation of phagocytic cells as a promising strategy for controlling cancer cells by augmenting the cell mortality through the granzyme-perforin-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen S. Al-Omar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.-O.); (H.A.M.)
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Majid Jabir
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq; (E.K.); (R.K.); (Z.J.T.); (K.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (G.M.S.); (R.A.K.); (S.A.A.M)
| | - Esraa Karsh
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq; (E.K.); (R.K.); (Z.J.T.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Rua Kadhim
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq; (E.K.); (R.K.); (Z.J.T.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Ghassan M. Sulaiman
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq; (E.K.); (R.K.); (Z.J.T.); (K.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (G.M.S.); (R.A.K.); (S.A.A.M)
| | - Zainab J. Taqi
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq; (E.K.); (R.K.); (Z.J.T.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Khawla S. Khashan
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq; (E.K.); (R.K.); (Z.J.T.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.-O.); (H.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.-O.); (H.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (G.M.S.); (R.A.K.); (S.A.A.M)
| | - Salman A. A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (G.M.S.); (R.A.K.); (S.A.A.M)
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