1
|
Nathella PK, Padmapriyadarsini C, Nancy A, Karunanithi K, Selvaraj N, Renji RM, Shrinivasa B, Babu S. BCG vaccination is associated with longitudinal changes in systemic eicosanoid levels in elderly individuals: A secondary outcome analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32643. [PMID: 38975122 PMCID: PMC11226842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated how BCG vaccination affects the levels of certain eicosanoids, namely Leukotriene B4, 15-epimer of LXA4, prostaglandin F2, Lipoxin A4, Prostaglandin E2 and Resolvin D1 in the plasma of healthy elderly individuals (aged 60-80) before vaccination, one month post-vaccination (M1), and six months post-vaccination (M6). This study is part of the clinical trial "BCG Vaccine Study: Reducing COVID-19 Impact on the Elderly in Indian Hotspots," registered in the clinical trial registry (NCT04475302). While some primary outcomes have been previously reported, this analysis delves into the immunological outcomes. Our findings indicate that BCG vaccination leads to reduced plasma levels of 15-epi-LXA4, LXA4, PGE2, and Resolvin D1 at both M1 and M6. In contrast, there is a notable increase in circulating levels of LTB4 at these time points following BCG vaccination. This underscores the immunomodulatory effects of BCG vaccination and hints at its potential to modulate immune responses by dampening inflammatory reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arul Nancy
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Nandhini Selvaraj
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Rachel Mariam Renji
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - B.M. Shrinivasa
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Tang G, Huang Y, Song H, Zhou S, Mao L, Sun Z, Xiong Z, Wu S, Hou H, Wang F. Using immune clusters for classifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111572. [PMID: 38280332 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis between active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is still a challenge worldwide. METHODS Immune indicators involved in innate, humoral, and cellular immune cells, as well as antigen-specific cells were simultaneously assessed in patients with ATB and LTBI. RESULTS Of 54 immune indicators, no indicator could distinguish ATB from LTBI, likely due to an obvious heterogeneity of immune indicators noticed in ATB patients. Cluster analysis of ATB patients identified three immune clusters with different severity. Cluster 1 (42.1 %) was a ''Treg/Th1/Tfh unbalance type" cluster, whereas cluster 2 (42.1 %) was an "effector type'' cluster, and cluster 3 was a ''inhibition type'' cluster (15.8 %) which showed the highest severity. A prediction model based on immune indicators was established and showed potential in classifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. CONCLUSIONS We depicted the immune landscape of patients with ATB and LTBI. Three immune subtypes were identified in ATB patients with different severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxing Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyan Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shiji Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hongyan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Q, Ji Y, Wang L, Li Z, Tao B, Zhu L, Lu W, Martinez L, Zeng Y, Wang J. Air pollutants in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary tuberculosis: A mediation analysis of gene-specific methylation. iScience 2023; 26:108391. [PMID: 38047067 PMCID: PMC10690542 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure could alter the risk of tuberculosis, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. We enrolled 132 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and 30 controls. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected from all participants to detect organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metal elements, and DNA methylation of immunity-related genes. We observed that γ-HCH, Bap, Sr, Ag, and Sn were related to an increased risk of PTB, while Cu and Ba had a negative effect. IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-2, and IL-23 had a higher level in the PTB group, while IL-4 was lower. The methylation of 18 CpG sites was statistically associated with PTB risk. The methylation at the IL-4_06_121 site showed a significant mediating role on γ-HCH, Sr, and Sn. Our study suggests that PM exposure can increase the risk of tuberculosis by affecting DNA methylation and cytokine expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ye Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangyin City, Wuxi 214434, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Bilin Tao
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Limei Zhu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Leonardo Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Tuberculosis, Nanjing Public Health Medical Center, Nanjing Second Hospital, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211113, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Villain E, Chanson A, Mainka M, Kampschulte N, Le Faouder P, Bertrand-Michel J, Brandolini-Bulon M, Charbit B, Musvosvi M, Bilek N, Scriba TJ, Quintana-Murci L, Schebb NH, Duffy D, Gladine C. Integrated analysis of whole blood oxylipin and cytokine responses after bacterial, viral, and T cell stimulation reveals new immune networks. iScience 2023; 26:107422. [PMID: 37575177 PMCID: PMC10415927 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are major immunomodulating mediators, yet studies of inflammation focus mainly on cytokines. Here, using a standardized whole-blood stimulation system, we characterized the oxylipin-driven inflammatory responses to various stimuli and their relationships with cytokine responses. We performed a pilot study in 25 healthy individuals using 6 different stimuli: 2 bacterial stimuli (LPS and live BCG), 2 viral stimuli (vaccine-grade poly I:C and live H1N1 attenuated influenza), an enterotoxin superantigen and a Null control. All stimuli induced a strong production of oxylipins but most importantly, bacterial, viral, and T cell immune responses show distinct oxylipin signatures. Integration of the oxylipin and cytokine responses for each condition revealed new immune networks improving our understanding of inflammation regulation. Finally, the oxylipin responses and oxylipin-cytokine networks were compared in patients with active tuberculosis or with latent infection. This revealed different responses to BCG but not LPS stimulation highlighting new regulatory pathways for further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Villain
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Chanson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Malwina Mainka
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nadja Kampschulte
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- MetaToul, MetaboHUB, Inserm/UPS UMR 1048-I2MC, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaToul, MetaboHUB, Inserm/UPS UMR 1048-I2MC, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Brandolini-Bulon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme D’Exploration Du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Charbit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CBUTechS, Paris, France
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
- Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CBUTechS, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gladine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bisht MK, Dahiya P, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S. The cause-effect relation of tuberculosis on incidence of diabetes mellitus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1134036. [PMID: 37434784 PMCID: PMC10330781 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest human diseases and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity across the Globe. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causal agent of TB is one of the most successful pathogens known to mankind. Malnutrition, smoking, co-infection with other pathogens like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or conditions like diabetes further aggravate the tuberculosis pathogenesis. The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis is well known and the immune-metabolic changes during diabetes are known to cause increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. Many epidemiological studies suggest the occurrence of hyperglycemia during active TB leading to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects is not well understood. In this review, we have described possible causal factors like inflammation, host metabolic changes triggered by tuberculosis that could contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We have also discussed therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes during TB, which may help in designing future strategies to cope with TB-DM cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Bisht
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Priyanka Dahiya
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sudip Ghosh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sangita Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar NP, Nancy AP, Moideen K, Menon PA, Banurekha VV, Nair D, Nott S, Babu S. Low body mass index is associated with diminished plasma cytokines and chemokines in both active and latent tuberculosis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1194682. [PMID: 37324745 PMCID: PMC10265642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1194682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low body mass index (BMI) is a major risk factor for tuberculosis (PTB). Low BMI can impair the immune system and thus might affect TB incidence. Methods We examined the plasma levels of Type 1, Type 17, pro-inflammatory, Type 2 and regulatory cytokines and CC and CXC chemokines in PTB and latent TB (LTB) individuals with low BMI (LBMI) or normal BMI (NBMI). Results Our data show that PTB is associated with significantly lower levels of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-5 cytokines but significantly higher levels of IL-10, TGFβ and GM-CSF in LBMI compared to NBMI. Similarly, PTB is also associated with significantly lower levels of CCL2, CCL3, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines in LBMI compared to NBMI. Our data reveals that LTB is associated with significantly lower levels of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, IL1β, IL-12, IL-13 cytokines but significantly higher levels of IL-10, TGFβ, IL-4 and IL-22 in LBMI compared to NBMI. Similarly, LTB is also associated with significantly lower levels of CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL9 and CXCL10 and significantly higher levels of CCL1, CCL3, and CCL4 in LBMI compared to NBMI. Conclusion Thus, LBMI has a major impact on the cytokine and chemokine milieu of both PTB and LTB and might predispose to the increased risk of tuberculosis by this immunomodulatory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arul P. Nancy
- NIAID – International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Kadar Moideen
- NIAID – International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Pradeep A. Menon
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Dina Nair
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Sujatha Nott
- Infectious Diseases, Dignity Health, Chandler, AZ, United States
| | - Subash Babu
- NIAID – International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- LPD, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mundra A, Yegiazaryan A, Karsian H, Alsaigh D, Bonavida V, Frame M, May N, Gargaloyan A, Abnousian A, Venketaraman V. Pathogenicity of Type I Interferons in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3919. [PMID: 36835324 PMCID: PMC9965986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality due to infectious disease and rates have increased during the emergence of COVID-19, but many of the factors determining disease severity and progression remain unclear. Type I Interferons (IFNs) have diverse effector functions that regulate innate and adaptive immunity during infection with microorganisms. There is well-documented literature on type I IFNs providing host defense against viruses; however, in this review, we explore the growing body of work that indicates high levels of type I IFNs can have detrimental effects to a host fighting TB infection. We report findings that increased type I IFNs can affect alveolar macrophage and myeloid function, promote pathological neutrophil extracellular trap responses, inhibit production of protective prostaglandin 2, and promote cytosolic cyclic GMP synthase inflammation pathways, and discuss many other relevant findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akaash Mundra
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Aram Yegiazaryan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Haig Karsian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Dijla Alsaigh
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Victor Bonavida
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Mitchell Frame
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Nicole May
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Areg Gargaloyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Arbi Abnousian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Exploration of Lipid Metabolism Alterations in Children with Active Tuberculosis Using UHPLC-MS/MS. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:8111355. [PMID: 36815950 PMCID: PMC9936505 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling using nonsputum samples has demonstrated excellent performance in diagnosing infectious diseases. But little is known about the lipid metabolism alternation in children with tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, the study was performed to explore lipid metabolic changes caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and identify specific lipids as diagnostic biomarkers in children with TB using UHPLC-MS/MS. Plasma samples obtained from 70 active TB children, 21 non-TB infectious disease children, and 21 healthy controls were analyzed by a partial least-squares discriminant analysis model in the training set, and 12 metabolites were identified that can separate children with TB from non-TB controls. In the independent testing cohort with 49 subjects, three of the markers, PC (15:0/17:1), PC (17:1/18:2), and PE (18:1/20:3), presented with high diagnostic values. The areas under the curve of the three metabolites were 0.904, 0.833, and 0.895, respectively. The levels of the altered lipid metabolites were found to be associated with the severity of the TB disease. Taken together, plasma lipid metabolites are potentially useful for diagnosis of active TB in children and would provide insights into the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Inflammation-mediated tissue damage in pulmonary tuberculosis and host-directed therapeutic strategies. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101672. [PMID: 36469987 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) involves the administration of anti-mycobacterial drugs for several months. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb, the causative agent) together with increased disease severity in people with co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus and HIV have hampered efforts to reduce case fatality. In severe disease, TB pathology is largely attributable to over-exuberant host immune responses targeted at controlling bacterial replication. Non-resolving inflammation driven by host pro-inflammatory mediators in response to high bacterial load leads to pulmonary pathology including cavitation and fibrosis. The need to improve clinical outcomes and reduce treatment times has led to a two-pronged approach involving the development of novel antimicrobials as well as host-directed therapies (HDT) that favourably modulate immune responses to Mtb. HDT strategies incorporate aspects of immune modulation aimed at downregulating non-productive inflammatory responses and augmenting antimicrobial effector mechanisms to minimise pulmonary pathology and accelerate symptom resolution. HDT in combination with existing antimycobacterial agents offers a potentially promising strategy to improve the long-term outcome for TB patients. In this review, we describe components of the host immune response that contribute to inflammation and tissue damage in pulmonary TB, including cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, lipid mediators, and neutrophil extracellular traps. We then proceed to review HDT directed at these pathways.
Collapse
|
10
|
Korotetskaya MV, Rubakova EI. Metabolic biological markers for diagnosing and monitoring the course of tuberculosis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-mbm-1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The international biomedical community has been currently facing a need to find a simple and most accessible type of analysis that helps to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) with the maximum reliability even before the onset of clinical manifestations. Tuberculosis results in more deaths than any other pathogen, second only to pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but the majority of infected people remain asymptomatic. In addition, it is important to develop methods to distinguish various forms of tuberculosis infection course at early stages and to reliably stratify patients into appropriate groups (persons with a rapidly progressing infection, chronic course, latent infection carriers). Immunometabolism investigates a relationship between bioenergetic pathways and specific functions of immune cells that has recently become increasingly important in scientific research. The host anti-mycobacteria immune response in tuberculosis is regulated by a number of metabolic networks that can interact both cooperatively and antagonistically, influencing an outcome of the disease. The balance between inflammatory and immune reactions limits the spread of mycobacteria in vivo and protects from developing tuberculosis. Cytokines are essential for host defense, but if uncontrolled, some mediators may contribute to developing disease and pathology. Differences in plasma levels of metabolites between individuals with advanced infection, LTBI and healthy individuals can be detected long before the onset of the major related clinical signs. Changes in amino acid and cortisol level may be detected as early as 12 months before the onset of the disease and become more prominent at verifying clinical diagnosis. Assessing serum level of certain amino acids and their ratios may be used as additional diagnostic markers of active pulmonary TB. Metabolites, including serum fatty acids, amino acids and lipids may contribute to detecting active TB. Metabolic profiles indicate about increased indolamine 2.3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) activity, decreased phospholipase activity, increased adenosine metabolite level, and fibrous lesions in active vs. latent infection. TB treatment can be adjusted based on individual patient metabolism and biomarker profiles. Thus, exploring immunometabolism in tuberculosis is necessary for development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Immunometabolism of Immune Cells in Mucosal Environment Drives Effector Responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158531. [PMID: 35955665 PMCID: PMC9369211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major threat to global public health, with more than 1.5 million deaths recorded in 2020. Improved interventions against tuberculosis are urgently needed, but there are still gaps in our knowledge of the host-pathogen interaction that need to be filled, especially at the site of infection. With a long history of infection in humans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved to be able to exploit the microenvironment of the infection site to survive and grow. The immune cells are not only reliant on immune signalling to mount an effective response to Mtb invasion but can also be orchestrated by their metabolic state. Cellular metabolism was often overlooked in the past but growing evidence of its importance in the functions of immune cells suggests that it can no longer be ignored. This review aims to gain a better understanding of mucosal immunometabolism of resident effector cells, such as alveolar macrophages and mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells), in response to Mtb infection and how Mtb manipulates them for its survival and growth, which could address our knowledge gaps while opening up new questions, and potentially be applied for future vaccination and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Arriaga MB, Karim F, Queiroz ATL, Araújo-Pereira M, Barreto-Duarte B, Sales C, Moosa MYS, Mazibuko M, Milne GL, Maruri F, Serezani CH, Koethe JR, Figueiredo MC, Kritski AL, Cordeiro-Santos M, Rolla VC, Sterling TR, Leslie A, Andrade BB. Effect of Dysglycemia on Urinary Lipid Mediator Profiles in Persons With Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:919802. [PMID: 35874781 PMCID: PMC9304990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidized lipid mediators such as eicosanoids play a central role in the inflammatory response associated with tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to marked changes in lipid mediators in persons with TB. However, the associations between diabetes-related changes in lipid mediators and clearance of M. tuberculosis (Mtb) among persons on anti-TB treatment (ATT) are unknown. Quantification of urinary eicosanoid metabolites can provide insights into the circulating lipid mediators involved in Mtb immune responses. Methods We conducted a multi-site prospective observational study among adults with drug-sensitive pulmonary TB and controls without active TB; both groups had sub-groups with or without dysglycemia at baseline. Participants were enrolled from RePORT-Brazil (Salvador site) and RePORT-South Africa (Durban site) and stratified according to TB status and baseline glycated hemoglobin levels: a) TB-dysglycemia (n=69); b) TB-normoglycemia (n=64); c) non-TB/dysglycemia (n=31); d) non-TB/non-dysglycemia (n=29). We evaluated the following urinary eicosanoid metabolites: 11α-hydroxy-9,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetranor-prostane-1,20-dioic acid (major urinary metabolite of prostaglandin E2, PGE-M), tetranor-PGE1 (metabolite of PGE2, TN-E), 9α-hydroxy-11,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetranor-prostane-1,20-dioic acid (metabolite of PGD2, PGD-M), 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (11dTxB2), 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1α (prostaglandin I metabolite, PGI-M), and leukotriene E4 (LTE4). Comparisons between the study groups were performed at three time points: before ATT and 2 and 6 months after initiating therapy. Results PGE-M and LTE4 values were consistently higher at all three time-points in the TB-dysglycemia group compared to the other groups (p<0.001). In addition, there was a significant decrease in PGI-M and LTE4 levels from baseline to month 6 in the TB-dysglycemia and TB-normoglycemia groups. Finally, TB-dysglycemia was independently associated with increased concentrations of PGD-M, PGI-M, and LTE4 at baseline in a multivariable model adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and study site. These associations were not affected by HIV status. Conclusion The urinary eicosanoid metabolite profile was associated with TB-dysglycemia before and during ATT. These observations can help identify the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of TB-dysglycemia, and potential biomarkers of TB treatment outcomes, including among persons with dysglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María B Arriaga
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Farina Karim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Artur T L Queiroz
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araújo-Pereira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Caio Sales
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Matilda Mazibuko
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Fernanda Maruri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carlos Henrique Serezani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John R Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Marina C Figueiredo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Afrânio L Kritski
- Programa Acadêmico de Tuberculose da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Valeria C Rolla
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Micobacteriose, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Timothy R Sterling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Brazil.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Curso de Medicina, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Groth M, Skrzydlewska E, Dobrzyńska M, Pancewicz S, Moniuszko-Malinowska A. Redox Imbalance and Its Metabolic Consequences in Tick-Borne Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:870398. [PMID: 35937690 PMCID: PMC9353526 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.870398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the growing global health problems are vector-borne diseases, including tick-borne diseases. The most common tick-borne diseases include Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis. Taking into account the metabolic effects in the patient's body, tick-borne diseases are a significant problem from an epidemiological and clinical point of view. Inflammation and oxidative stress are key elements in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, including tick-borne diseases. In consequence, this leads to oxidative modifications of the structure and function of phospholipids and proteins and results in qualitative and quantitative changes at the level of lipid mediators arising in both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS enzyme-dependent reactions. These types of metabolic modifications affect the functioning of the cells and the host organism. Therefore, links between the severity of the disease state and redox imbalance and the level of phospholipid metabolites are being searched, hoping to find unambiguous diagnostic biomarkers. Assessment of molecular effects of oxidative stress may also enable the monitoring of the disease process and treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Groth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Dobrzyńska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Pancewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kathamuthu GR, Bhavani PK, Singh M, Saini JK, Aggarwal A, Ansari MSS, Garg R, Babu S. High-Dose Rifampicin Mediated Systemic Alterations of Cytokines, Chemokines, Growth Factors, Microbial Translocation Markers, and Acute-Phase Proteins in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896551. [PMID: 35910352 PMCID: PMC9335011 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose rifampicin (HDR) is now undergoing clinical trials to improve the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT). However, the influence of HDR in the modulation of different cytokines, chemokines/growth factors, microbial translocation markers (MTMs), and acute-phase proteins (APPs) in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is not well known. PTB individuals were separated into three different arms (R10, R25, and R35) based on their rifampicin dosage. We examined the circulating levels of Type 1, Type 2, pro-inflammatory/regulatory cytokines, chemokines/growth factors, MTMs, and APPs at baseline and after completion of the second month of ATT by ELISA. The baseline levels of cytokines, chemokines/growth factors, MTMs, and APPs did not (except IL-5, IL-6, IL-17A, MCP-1, MIP-1β, GCSF, SAA, ⍺2 MG, Hp) significantly differ between the study individuals. However, at the second month, the plasma levels of Type 1 (TNFα and IFNγ), Type 2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), pro-inflammatory/regulatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10, and GMCSF), and APPs were significantly decreased in R35 regimen- compared to R25 and/or R10 regimen-treated PTB individuals. In contrast, the plasma levels of IL-2, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1β, GSF, and MTMs were significantly increased in the R35 regimen compared to R25 and/or R10 regimen-treated PTB individuals. Overall, our data reveal that HDR could potentially be beneficial for host immunity by altering different immune and inflammatory markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Gokul Raj Kathamuthu,
| | | | - Manjula Singh
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ashutosh Aggarwal
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Rajiv Garg
- King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
García-Morales L, Del Portillo P, Anzola JM, Ares MA, Helguera-Repetto AC, Cerna-Cortes JF, Méndez-Tenorio A, García MJ, Otal I, Martín C, Gonzalez-y-Merchand JA, Rivera-Gutiérrez S. The Lack of the TetR-Like Repressor Gene BCG_2177c (Rv2160A) May Help Mycobacteria Overcome Intracellular Redox Stress and Survive Longer Inside Macrophages When Surrounded by a Lipid Environment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:907890. [PMID: 35873160 PMCID: PMC9301340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.907890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria, like other microorganisms, survive under different environmental variations by expressing an efficient adaptive response, oriented by regulatory elements, such as transcriptional repressors of the TetR family. These repressors in mycobacteria also appear to be related to cholesterol metabolism. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of a fatty acid (oleic–palmitic–stearic)/cholesterol mixture on some phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of a tetR-mutant strain (BCG_2177c mutated gene) of M. bovis BCG, a homologous of Rv2160A of M. tuberculosis. In order to accomplish this, we have analyzed the global gene expression of this strain by RNA-seq and evaluated its neutral-lipid storage capacity and potential to infect macrophages. We have also determined the macrophage response by measuring some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expressions. In comparison with wild-type microorganisms, we showed that the mutation in the BCG_2177c gene did not affect the growth of M. bovis BCG in the presence of lipids but it probably modified the structure/composition of its cell envelope. Compared to with dextrose, an overexpression of the transcriptome of the wild-type and mutant strains was observed when these mycobacteria were cultured in lipids, mainly at the exponential phase. Twelve putative intracellular redox balance maintenance genes and four others coding for putative transcriptional factors (including WhiB6 and three TetR-like) were the main elements repeatedly overexpressed when cultured in the presence of lipids. These genes belonged to the central part of what we called the “genetic lipid signature” for M. bovis BCG. We have also found that all these mycobacteria genotypic changes affected the outcome of BCG-infected macrophages, being the mutant strain most adapted to persist longer inside the host. This high persistence result was also confirmed when mutant-infected macrophages showed overexpression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β versus pro-inflammatory cytokines. In summary, the lack of this TetR-like repressor expression, within a lipid environment, may help mycobacteria overcome intracellular redox stress and survive longer inside their host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro García-Morales
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Del Portillo
- Grupo de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional, Corporación CorpoGen, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan M. Anzola
- Grupo de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional, Corporación CorpoGen, Bogotá, Colombia
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Central, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Miguel A. Ares
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Addy C. Helguera-Repetto
- Departamento de Inmuno-Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge F. Cerna-Cortes
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Méndez-Tenorio
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biotecnología Genómica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María J. García
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Otal
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martín
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge A. Gonzalez-y-Merchand
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Jorge A. Gonzalez-y-Merchand, ; Sandra Rivera-Gutiérrez,
| | - Sandra Rivera-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Jorge A. Gonzalez-y-Merchand, ; Sandra Rivera-Gutiérrez,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shah T, Shah Z, Yasmeen N, Baloch Z, Xia X. Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coinfection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909011. [PMID: 35784278 PMCID: PMC9246416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is an infectious disease that poses severe threats to global public health and significant economic losses. The COVID-19 global burden is rapidly increasing, with over 246.53 million COVID-19 cases and 49.97 million deaths reported in the WHO 2021 report. People with compromised immunity, such as tuberculosis (TB) patients, are highly exposed to severe COVID-19. Both COVID-19 and TB diseases spread primarily through respiratory droplets from an infected person to a healthy person, which may cause pneumonia and cytokine storms, leading to severe respiratory disorders. The COVID-19-TB coinfection could be fatal, exacerbating the current COVID-19 pandemic apart from cellular immune deficiency, coagulation activation, myocardial infarction, and other organ dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfections. We provide a brief overview of COVID19-TB coinfection and discuss SARS-CoV-2 host cellular receptors and pathogenesis. In addition, we discuss M. tuberculosis host cellular receptors and pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlight the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on TB patients and the pathological pathways that connect SARS-CoV-2 and M. tuberculosis infection. Further, we discuss the impact of BCG vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 cases coinfected with M. tuberculosis, as well as the diagnostic challenges associated with the coinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zahir Shah
- College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Yasmeen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kang TG, Kwon KW, Kim K, Lee I, Kim MJ, Ha SJ, Shin SJ. Viral coinfection promotes tuberculosis immunopathogenesis by type I IFN signaling-dependent impediment of Th1 cell pulmonary influx. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3155. [PMID: 35672321 PMCID: PMC9174268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is often exacerbated upon coinfection, but the underlying immunological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, to elucidate these mechanisms, we use an Mtb and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus coinfection model. Viral coinfection significantly suppresses Mtb-specific IFN-γ production, with elevated bacterial loads and hyperinflammation in the lungs. Type I IFN signaling blockade rescues the Mtb-specific IFN-γ response and ameliorates lung immunopathology. Single-cell sequencing, tissue immunofluorescence staining, and adoptive transfer experiments indicate that viral infection-induced type I IFN signaling could inhibit CXCL9/10 production in myeloid cells, ultimately impairing pulmonary migration of Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells. Thus, our study suggests that augmented and sustained type I IFNs by virus coinfection prior to the pulmonary localization of Mtb-specific Th1 cells exacerbates TB immunopathogenesis by impeding the Mtb-specific Th1 cell influx. Our study highlights a negative function of viral coinfection-induced type I IFN responses in delaying Mtb-specific Th1 responses in the lung. Viral coinfection alongside mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection may lead to immune complications or interference with immune responses. Here the authors show that in mice infected with Mtb and LCMV virus the specific TH1 response to MTb is reduced through a type I IFN response to the infecting virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Gun Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Breast Cancer Precision Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Joon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen X, Ye J, Lei H, Wang C. Novel Potential Diagnostic Serum Biomarkers of Metabolomics in Osteoarticular Tuberculosis Patients: A Preliminary Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:827528. [PMID: 35402287 PMCID: PMC8992656 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.827528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarticular tuberculosis is one of the extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which is mainly caused by direct infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or secondary infection of tuberculosis in other parts. Due to the low specificity of the current detection method, it is leading to a high misdiagnosis rate and subsequently affecting the follow-up treatment and prognosis. Metabolomics is mainly used to study the changes of the body’s metabolites in different states, so it can serve as an important means in the discovery of disease-related metabolic biomarkers and the corresponding mechanism research. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to detect and analyze metabolites in the serum with osteoarticular tuberculosis patients, disease controls, and healthy controls to find novel metabolic biomarkers that could be used in the diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis. Our results showed that 68 differential metabolites (p<0.05, fold change>1.0) were obtained in osteoarticular tuberculosis serum after statistical analysis. Then, through the evaluation of diagnostic efficacy, PC[o-16:1(9Z)/18:0], PC[20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:0], PC[18:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)], SM(d18:1/20:0), and SM[d18:1/18:1(11Z)] were found as potential biomarkers with high diagnostic efficacy. Using bioinformatics analysis, we further found that these metabolites share many lipid metabolic signaling pathways, such as choline metabolism, sphingolipid signaling, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism; these results suggest that lipid metabolism plays an important role in the pathological process of tuberculosis. This study can provide certain reference value for the study of metabolic biomarkers of osteoarticular tuberculosis and the mechanism of lipid metabolism in osteoarticular tuberculosis and even other tuberculosis diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Chen
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chengbin Wang, ; Hong Lei,
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chengbin Wang, ; Hong Lei,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Carranza C, Carreto-Binaghi LE, Guzmán-Beltrán S, Muñoz-Torrico M, Torres M, González Y, Juárez E. Sex-Dependent Differential Expression of Lipidic Mediators Associated with Inflammation Resolution in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040490. [PMID: 35454079 PMCID: PMC9025322 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a sex bias in tuberculosis’s severity, prevalence, and pathogenesis, and the rates are higher in men. Immunological and physiological factors are fundamental contributors to the development of the disease, and sex-related factors could play an essential role in making women more resistant to severe forms of the disease. In this study, we evaluated sex-dependent differences in inflammatory markers. Serum samples were collected from 34 patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB (19 male and 15 female) and 27 healthy controls (18 male and 9 female). Cytokines IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IFNγ, TNFα, and GM-CSF, and eicosanoids PGE2, LTB4, RvD1, and Mar1 were measured using commercially available immunoassays. The MDA, a product of lipidic peroxidation, was measured by detecting thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Differential inflammation patterns between men and women were observed. Men had higher levels of IL6, IL8, and TNFα than women. PGE2 and LTB4 levels were higher in patients than healthy controls, but there were no differences for RvD1 and Mar1. Women had higher RvD1/PGE2 and RvD1/LTB4 ratios among patients. RvD1 plays a vital role in resolving the inflammatory process of TB in women. Men are the major contributors to the typical pro-inflammatory profile observed in the serum of tuberculosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carranza
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.C.); (L.E.C.-B.); (M.T.)
| | - Laura Elena Carreto-Binaghi
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.C.); (L.E.C.-B.); (M.T.)
| | - Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.G.-B.); (Y.G.)
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Torrico
- Servicio Clínico de Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Martha Torres
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.C.); (L.E.C.-B.); (M.T.)
| | - Yolanda González
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.G.-B.); (Y.G.)
| | - Esmeralda Juárez
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.G.-B.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rastogi S, Briken V. Interaction of Mycobacteria With Host Cell Inflammasomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:791136. [PMID: 35237260 PMCID: PMC8882646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.791136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome complex is important for host defense against intracellular bacterial infections. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a facultative intracellular bacterium which is able to survive in infected macrophages. Here we discuss how the host cell inflammasomes sense Mtb and other related mycobacterial species. Furthermore, we describe the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome sensing of Mtb which involve the type VII secretion system ESX-1, cell surface lipids (TDM/TDB), secreted effector proteins (LpqH, PPE13, EST12, EsxA) and double-stranded RNA acting on the priming and/or activation steps of inflammasome activation. In contrast, Mtb also mediates inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome by limiting exposure of cell surface ligands via its hydrolase, Hip1, by inhibiting the host cell cathepsin G protease via the secreted Mtb effector Rv3364c and finally, by limiting intracellular triggers (K+ and Cl- efflux and cytosolic reactive oxygen species production) via its serine/threonine kinase PknF. In addition, Mtb inhibits the AIM2 inflammasome activation via an unknown mechanism. Overall, there is good evidence for a tug-of-war between Mtb trying to limit inflammasome activation and the host cell trying to sense Mtb and activate the inflammasome. The detailed molecular mechanisms and the importance of inflammasome activation for virulence of Mtb or host susceptibility have not been fully investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Volker Briken
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shivakoti R, Newman JW, Hanna LE, Queiroz ATL, Borkowski K, Gupte AN, Paradkar M, Satyamurthi P, Kulkarni V, Selva M, Pradhan N, Shivakumar SVBY, Natarajan S, Karunaianantham R, Gupte N, Thiruvengadam K, Fiehn O, Bharadwaj R, Kagal A, Gaikwad S, Sangle S, Golub JE, Andrade BB, Mave V, Gupta A, Padmapriyadarsini C. Host lipidome and tuberculosis treatment failure. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:2004532. [PMID: 34375300 PMCID: PMC9625841 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04532-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Host lipids play important roles in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. Whether host lipids at TB treatment initiation (baseline) affect subsequent treatment outcomes has not been well characterised. We used unbiased lipidomics to study the prospective association of host lipids with TB treatment failure. METHODS A case-control study (n=192), nested within a prospective cohort study, was used to investigate the association of baseline plasma lipids with TB treatment failure among adults with pulmonary TB. Cases (n=46) were defined as TB treatment failure, while controls (n=146) were those without failure. Complex lipids and inflammatory lipid mediators were measured using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry techniques. Adjusted least-square regression was used to assess differences in groups. In addition, machine learning identified lipids with highest area under the curve (AUC) to classify cases and controls. RESULTS Baseline levels of 32 lipids differed between controls and those with treatment failure after false discovery rate adjustment. Treatment failure was associated with lower baseline levels of cholesteryl esters and oxylipin, and higher baseline levels of ceramides and triglycerides compared to controls. Two cholesteryl ester lipids combined in a unique classifier model provided an AUC of 0.79 (95% CI 0.65-0.93) in the test dataset for prediction of TB treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS We identified lipids, some with known roles in TB pathogenesis, associated with TB treatment failure. In addition, a lipid signature with prognostic accuracy for TB treatment failure was identified. These lipids could be potential targets for risk-stratification, adjunct therapy and treatment monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Shivakoti
- Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Dept of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - John W Newman
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
- Dept of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Artur T L Queiroz
- Instituto Goncalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Akshay N Gupte
- Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mandar Paradkar
- Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | | | - Vandana Kulkarni
- Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - Murugesh Selva
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Neeta Pradhan
- Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | | | | | | | - Nikhil Gupte
- Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Renu Bharadwaj
- Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Anju Kagal
- Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Gaikwad
- Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | | | - Jonathan E Golub
- Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Instituto Goncalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate International Universities, Salvador, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vidya Mave
- Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - Amita Gupta
- Dept of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
- Equal contribution
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Laval T, Pedró-Cos L, Malaga W, Guenin-Macé L, Pawlik A, Mayau V, Yahia-Cherbal H, Delos O, Frigui W, Bertrand-Michel J, Guilhot C, Demangel C. De novo synthesized polyunsaturated fatty acids operate as both host immunomodulators and nutrients for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. eLife 2021; 10:71946. [PMID: 34951591 PMCID: PMC8752091 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection by macrophages relies on immunometabolic reprogramming, where the role of fatty acids (FAs) remains poorly understood. Recent studies unraveled Mtb’s capacity to acquire saturated and monounsaturated FAs via the Mce1 importer. However, upon activation, macrophages produce polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mammal-specific FAs mediating the generation of immunomodulatory eicosanoids. Here, we asked how Mtb modulates de novo synthesis of PUFAs in primary mouse macrophages and whether this benefits host or pathogen. Quantitative lipidomics revealed that Mtb infection selectively activates the biosynthesis of ω6 PUFAs upstream of the eicosanoid precursor arachidonic acid (AA) via transcriptional activation of Fads2. Inhibiting FADS2 in infected macrophages impaired their inflammatory and antimicrobial responses but had no effect on Mtb growth in host cells nor mice. Using a click-chemistry approach, we found that Mtb efficiently imports ω6 PUFAs via Mce1 in axenic culture, including AA. Further, Mtb preferentially internalized AA over all other FAs within infected macrophages by mechanisms partially depending on Mce1 and supporting intracellular persistence. Notably, IFNγ repressed de novo synthesis of AA by infected mouse macrophages and restricted AA import by intracellular Mtb. Together, these findings identify AA as a major FA substrate for intracellular Mtb, whose mobilization by innate immune responses is opportunistically hijacked by the pathogen and downregulated by IFNγ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laval
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laura Pedró-Cos
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Wladimir Malaga
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS UMR5089, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Alexandre Pawlik
- Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Mayau
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Wafa Frigui
- Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Guilhot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS UMR5089, Toulouse, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Effect of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity on antigen - specific cytokine and chemokine responses in latent tuberculosis. Cytokine 2021; 150:155785. [PMID: 34933240 PMCID: PMC8668379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are both highly co-prevalent in many parts of the globe. Whether exposure to SARS-CoV-2 influences the antigen specific immune responses in latent tuberculosis has not been investigated. We examined the baseline, mycobacterial antigen and mitogen induced cytokine and chemokine responses in latent tuberculosis (LTBI) individuals with or without SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, LTBI negative individuals with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and healthy control (both LTBI and SARS-CoV-2 negative) individuals. Our results demonstrated that LTBI individuals with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (LTBI+/IgG +) were associated with increased levels of unstimulated and TB-antigen stimulated IFNγ, IL-2, TNFα, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-4, CXCL1, CXCL9 and CXCL10 when compared to those without seropositivity (LTBI+/IgG-). In contrast, LTBI+/IgG+ individuals were associated with decreased levels of IL-5 and IL-10. No significant difference in the levels of cytokines/chemokines was observed upon mitogen stimulation between the groups. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was associated with enhanced unstimulated and TB-antigen stimulated but not mitogen stimulated production of cytokines and chemokines in LTBI+ compared to LTBI negative individuals. Finally, most of these significant differences were not observed when LTBI negative individuals with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and controls were examined. Our data clearly demonstrate that both baseline and TB – antigen induced cytokine responses are augmented in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, suggesting an augmenting effect of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on the immune responses of LTBI individuals.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kathamuthu GR, Kumar NP, Moideen K, Menon PA, Babu S. Decreased Frequencies of Gamma/Delta T Cells Expressing Th1/Th17 Cytokine, Cytotoxic, and Immune Markers in Latent Tuberculosis-Diabetes/Pre-Diabetes Comorbidity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:756854. [PMID: 34765568 PMCID: PMC8577793 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.756854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are important in exhibiting anti-mycobacterial immunity, but their role in latent tuberculosis (LTB) with diabetes mellitus (DM) or pre-DM (PDM) and non-DM comorbidities have not been studied. Thus, we have studied the baseline, mycobacterial (PPD, WCL), and positive control antigen-stimulated γδ T cells expressing Th1 (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2) and Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22) cytokine as well as cytotoxic (perforin [PFN], granzyme [GZE B], granulysin [GNLSN]) and immune (GMCSF, PD-1, CD69) markers in LTB (DM, PDM, NDM) comorbidities by flow cytometry. In the unstimulated (UNS) condition, we did not observe any significant difference in the frequencies of γδ T cells expressing Th1 and Th17 cytokine, cytotoxic, and immune markers. In contrast, upon PPD antigen stimulation, the frequencies of γδ T cells expressing Th1 (IFNγ, TNFα) and Th17 (IL-17F, IL-22) cytokine, cytotoxic (PFN, GZE B, GNLSN), and immune (CD69) markers were significantly diminished in LTB DM and/or PDM individuals compared to LTB NDM individuals. Similarly, upon WCL antigen stimulation, the frequencies of γδ T cells expressing Th1 (TNFα) and Th17 (IL-17A, IL-22) cytokine, cytotoxic (PFN), and immune (PD-1, CD69) markers were significantly diminished in LTB DM and/or PDM individuals compared to LTB NDM individuals. Finally, upon P/I stimulation we did not observe any significant difference in the γδ T cell frequencies expressing cytokine, cytotoxic, and immune markers between the study populations. The culture supernatant levels of IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-17A cytokines were significantly increased in LTB DM and PDM after stimulation with Mtb antigens compared to LTB NDM individuals. Therefore, diminished γδ T cells expressing cytokine, cytotoxic, and other immune markers and elevated levels of cytokines in the supernatants is a characteristic feature of LTB PDM/DM co-morbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India.,Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR-NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Nathella Pavan Kumar
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India.,Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR-NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Kadar Moideen
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Pradeep A Menon
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR-NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India.,Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor-β is a potent regulator of the immune system, acting at every stage from thymic differentiation, population of the periphery, control of responsiveness, tissue repair and generation of memory. It is therefore a central player in the immune response to infectious pathogens, but its contribution is often clouded by multiple roles acting on different cells in time and space. Hence, context is all-important in understanding when TGF-β is beneficial or detrimental to the outcome of infection. In this review, a full range of infectious agents from viruses to helminth parasites are explored within this framework, drawing contrasts and general conclusions about the importance of TGF-β in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dawa S, Menon D, Arumugam P, Bhaskar AK, Mondal M, Rao V, Gandotra S. Inhibition of Granuloma Triglyceride Synthesis Imparts Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Through Curtailed Inflammatory Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722735. [PMID: 34603294 PMCID: PMC8479166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a complex and dynamic role in host-pathogen interaction during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. While bacterial lipid metabolism is key to the success of the pathogen, the host also offers a lipid rich environment in the form of necrotic caseous granulomas, making this association beneficial for the pathogen. Accumulation of the neutral lipid triglyceride, as lipid droplets within the cellular cuff of necrotic granulomas, is a peculiar feature of pulmonary tuberculosis. The role of triglyceride synthesis in the TB granuloma and its impact on the disease outcome has not been studied in detail. Here, we identified diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) to be essential for accumulation of triglyceride in necrotic TB granulomas using the C3HeB/FeJ murine model of infection. Treatment of infected mice with a pharmacological inhibitor of DGAT1 (T863) led to reduction in granuloma triglyceride levels and bacterial burden. A decrease in bacterial burden was associated with reduced neutrophil infiltration and degranulation, and a reduction in several pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL1β, TNFα, IL6, and IFNβ. Triglyceride lowering impacted eicosanoid production through both metabolic re-routing and via transcriptional control. Our data suggests that manipulation of lipid droplet homeostasis may offer a means for host directed therapy in Tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanzin Dawa
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Dilip Menon
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhakar Arumugam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Akash Kumar Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Moumita Mondal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Rao
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheetal Gandotra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A Pilot Study with a Biomarker Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101572. [PMID: 34679707 PMCID: PMC8533495 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the highest infectious burdens worldwide. An excess of inflammation and inadequate antioxidant defense mechanisms are believed to lead to chronic inflammation and lung damage in tuberculosis (TB). However, circulating metabolites do not always replicate lung-associated biomarkers that define the pathobiology of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of exhaled breath condensate (EBC), a non-invasive and straightforward sample, to evaluate alveolar space-derived metabolites of redox state and inflammation. We assessed the levels of exhaled oxidant/antioxidant parameters (8-isoprostane, MDA, GSH), inflammatory markers, such as nucleosomes, cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and lipid mediators (PGE2, LTB4, RvD1, and Mar1), in patients with recently diagnosed pulmonary TB and healthy controls’ EBC and serum. The TB patients showed 36% lower GSH levels, and 2-, 1.4-, 1.1-, and 50-fold higher levels of 8-isoprostanes, nucleosomes, IL-6, and LTB4, respectively, in EBC. There was no correlation between EBC and serum, highlighting the importance of measuring local biomarkers. Quantitation of local inflammatory molecules and redox states in EBC would help find biomarkers useful for pharmacological and follow-up studies in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Qu Y, Gao Q, Wu S, Xu T, Jiang D, Xu G. MicroRNA-142-3p inhibits autophagy and promotes intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by targeting ATG16L1 and ATG4c. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108202. [PMID: 34619495 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), which parasitizes host macrophages and lead to cellular immunologic responses, such as autophagy and apoptosis. Several studies had indicated that autophagy played important roles in alleviating intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis by accelerating the maturation of phagosome. Previously, we found miR-142-3p was significantly down-regulated in the macrophages after infection with M. tuberculosis. However, the role of miR-142-3p in the regulation of autophagy and M. tuberculosis survival is elusive. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was used to obtain target genes of miR-142-3p; the binding sites of ATG16L1 and ATG4c were further confirmed with dual luciferase reporter assay; RAW264.7 cells were infected with H37Ra and the expression of miR-142-3p was measured by qRT-PCR; the autophagic marker protein was detected by western blot as well as immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopes analysis. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-142-3p significantly inhibited H37Ra-induced activation of autophagy, blocked the maturation of phagosome in macrophages and promoted M. tuberculosis survival in macrophages. Furthermore, miR-142-3p negatively-regulated expression of ATG16L1 and ATG4c by directly targeting its 3'-UTR, and meaningfully abated the level of autophagy. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that miR-142-3p inhibited M. tuberculosis-induced activation of autophagy and promoted H37Ra survival in RAW264.7 cells by targeting ATG16L1 and ATG4c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Qu
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory,Xijing Hospital,Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Shan Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Guangxian Xu
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bohrer AC, Castro E, Hu Z, Queiroz AT, Tocheny CE, Assmann M, Sakai S, Nelson C, Baker PJ, Ma H, Wang L, Zilu W, du Bruyn E, Riou C, Kauffman KD, Moore IN, Del Nonno F, Petrone L, Goletti D, Martineau AR, Lowe DM, Cronan MR, Wilkinson RJ, Barry CE, Via LE, Barber DL, Klion AD, Andrade BB, Song Y, Wong KW, Mayer-Barber KD. Eosinophils are part of the granulocyte response in tuberculosis and promote host resistance in mice. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210469. [PMID: 34347010 PMCID: PMC8348215 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Host resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires the activities of multiple leukocyte subsets, yet the roles of the different innate effector cells during tuberculosis are incompletely understood. Here we uncover an unexpected association between eosinophils and Mtb infection. In humans, eosinophils are decreased in the blood but enriched in resected human tuberculosis lung lesions and autopsy granulomas. An influx of eosinophils is also evident in infected zebrafish, mice, and nonhuman primate granulomas, where they are functionally activated and degranulate. Importantly, using complementary genetic models of eosinophil deficiency, we demonstrate that in mice, eosinophils are required for optimal pulmonary bacterial control and host survival after Mtb infection. Collectively, our findings uncover an unexpected recruitment of eosinophils to the infected lung tissue and a protective role for these cells in the control of Mtb infection in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Bohrer
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ehydel Castro
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zhidong Hu
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tuberculosis Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Artur T.L. Queiroz
- The KAB group, Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador Brazil
| | - Claire E. Tocheny
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maike Assmann
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christine Nelson
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul J. Baker
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tuberculosis Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Tuberculosis Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zilu
- Tuberculosis Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Elsa du Bruyn
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Keith D. Kauffman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tuberculosis Imaging Program
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ian N. Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- Pathology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani,” Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Adrian R. Martineau
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M. Lowe
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark R. Cronan
- In Vivo Cell Biology of Infection Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amy D. Klion
- Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- The KAB group, Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador Brazil
| | - Yanzheng Song
- Tuberculosis Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ka-Wing Wong
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tuberculosis Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Llibre A, Dedicoat M, Burel JG, Demangel C, O’Shea MK, Mauro C. Host Immune-Metabolic Adaptations Upon Mycobacterial Infections and Associated Co-Morbidities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747387. [PMID: 34630426 PMCID: PMC8495197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial diseases are a major public health challenge. Their causative agents include, in order of impact, members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (causing tuberculosis), Mycobacterium leprae (causing leprosy), and non-tuberculous mycobacterial pathogens including Mycobacterium ulcerans. Macrophages are mycobacterial targets and they play an essential role in the host immune response to mycobacteria. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the immune-metabolic adaptations of the macrophage to mycobacterial infections. This metabolic rewiring involves changes in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism, as well as in the use of fatty acids and that of metals such as iron, zinc and copper. The macrophage metabolic adaptations result in changes in intracellular metabolites, which can post-translationally modify proteins including histones, with potential for shaping the epigenetic landscape. This review will also cover how critical tuberculosis co-morbidities such as smoking, diabetes and HIV infection shape host metabolic responses and impact disease outcome. Finally, we will explore how the immune-metabolic knowledge gained in the last decades can be harnessed towards the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools, as well as vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Llibre
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Dedicoat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julie G. Burel
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Matthew K. O’Shea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Boom WH, Schaible UE, Achkar JM. The knowns and unknowns of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136222. [PMID: 33529162 DOI: 10.1172/jci136222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) for thousands of years. While tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest infectious diseases, is caused by uncontrolled Mtb infection, over 90% of presumed infected individuals remain asymptomatic and contain Mtb in a latent TB infection (LTBI) without ever developing disease, and some may clear the infection. A small number of heavily Mtb-exposed individuals appear to resist developing traditional LTBI. Because Mtb has mechanisms for intracellular survival and immune evasion, successful control involves all of the arms of the immune system. Here, we focus on immune responses to Mtb in humans and nonhuman primates and discuss new concepts and outline major knowledge gaps in our understanding of LTBI, ranging from the earliest events of exposure and infection to success or failure of Mtb control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, and.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Division of Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rastogi S, Ellinwood S, Augenstreich J, Mayer-Barber KD, Briken V. Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome activation via its phosphokinase PknF. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009712. [PMID: 34324582 PMCID: PMC8321130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved to evade host innate immunity by interfering with macrophage functions. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is secreted by macrophages after the activation of the inflammasome complex and is crucial for host defense against Mtb infections. We have previously shown that Mtb is able to inhibit activation of the AIM2 inflammasome and subsequent pyroptosis. Here we show that Mtb is also able to inhibit host cell NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. We identified the serine/threonine kinase PknF as one protein of Mtb involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, since the pknF deletion mutant of Mtb induces increased production of IL-1β in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The increased production of IL-1β was dependent on NLRP3, the adaptor protein ASC and the protease caspase-1, as revealed by studies performed in gene-deficient BMDMs. Additionally, infection of BMDMs with the pknF deletion mutant resulted in increased pyroptosis, while the IL-6 production remained unchanged compared to Mtb-infected cells, suggesting that the mutant did not affect the priming step of inflammasome activation. In contrast, the activation step was affected since potassium efflux, chloride efflux and the generation of reactive oxygen species played a significant role in inflammasome activation and subsequent pyroptosis mediated by the Mtb pknF mutant strain. In conclusion, we reveal here that the serine/threonine kinase PknF of Mtb plays an important role in innate immune evasion through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections are causing millions of deaths per year and the pathogen is highly adapted to its human host. Host cell phagocytes take up Mtb but the bacterium is capable of manipulating the host cell to enhance its own survival. In the current study we discover a novel pathway of host cell manipulation and innate immune evasion by Mtb. We show that the activation of a host cell defense complex, the inflammasome, is limited after Mtb infection. Most importantly, we identify a bacterial protein, PknF, that is involved in inflammasome inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Rastogi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sarah Ellinwood
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jacques Augenstreich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Volker Briken
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nienaber A, Ozturk M, Dolman RC, Zandberg L, Hayford FE, Brombacher F, Blaauw R, Smuts CM, Parihar SP, Malan L. Beneficial effect of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on tuberculosis in mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 170:102304. [PMID: 34082319 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Intakes of the omega-3 essential fatty acids (n-3 EFAs) are low in the general adult population, with high n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios and the accompanying suboptimal n-3 PUFA status. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have antibacterial and inflammation-resolving effects in tuberculosis (TB). However, whether switching to a diet with optimum n-3 EFA intake after the infection has comparable benefits has not been investigated. We aimed to compare the effects of a diet with sufficient n-3 EFA content in an acceptable n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio for rodents ((n-3)eFAS group) with those on the same diet supplemented with EPA and DHA (EPA/DHA group) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected C3HeB/FeJ mice with a low n-3 PUFA status. Mice were conditioned on an n-3 PUFA-deficient diet with a high n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio for 6 weeks before Mtb infection and randomized to either (n-3)eFAS or EPA/DHA diets 1 week post-infection for 3 weeks. At endpoint, EPA and DHA compositions were higher and arachidonic acid, osbond acid, and total n-6 LCPUFAs lower in all lipid pools measured in the EPA/DHA group (all P < 0.001). Percentage body weight gain was higher (P = 0.017) and lung bacterial load lower (P < 0.001) in the EPA/DHA group. Additionally, the EPA/DHA group had a more pro-resolving lung lipid mediator profile and lower lung in IL-1α and IL-1β concentrations (P = 0.023, P = 0.049). Inverse correlations were found between the lung and peripheral blood mononuclear cell EPA and DHA and selected pro-inflammatory cytokines. These are the first findings that indicate that EPA/DHA supplementation provides benefits superior to a diet with sufficient n-3 EFAs concerning bacterial killing, weight gain and lung inflammation resolution in Mtb-infected mice with a low n-3 PUFA status. Therefore, EPA and DHA may be worth considering as adjunct TB treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arista Nienaber
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Robin C Dolman
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lizelle Zandberg
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Frank Ea Hayford
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Welcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Division of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Renee Blaauw
- Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Cornelius M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Suraj P Parihar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Welcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Division of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Linda Malan
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pellegrini JM, Martin C, Morelli MP, Schander JA, Tateosian NL, Amiano NO, Rolandelli A, Palmero DJ, Levi A, Ciallella L, Colombo MI, García VE. PGE2 displays immunosuppressive effects during human active tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13559. [PMID: 34193890 PMCID: PMC8245456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an active lipid compound derived from arachidonic acid, regulates different stages of the immune response of the host during several pathologies such as chronic infections or cancer. In fact, manipulation of PGE2 levels was proposed as an approach for countering the Type I IFN signature of tuberculosis (TB). However, very limited information regarding the PGE2 pathway in patients with active TB is currently available. In the present work, we demonstrated that PGE2 exerts a potent immunosuppressive action during the immune response of the human host against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Actually, we showed that PGE2 significantly reduced the surface expression of several immunological receptors, the lymphoproliferation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, PGE2 promoted autophagy in monocytes and neutrophils cultured with Mtb antigens. These results suggest that PGE2 might be attenuating the excessive inflammatory immune response caused by Mtb, emerging as an attractive therapeutic target. Taken together, our findings contribute to the knowledge of the role of PGE2 in the human host resistance to Mtb and highlight the potential of this lipid mediator as a tool to improve anti-TB treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Miguel Pellegrini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candela Martin
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Morelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Aylen Schander
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de La Preñez y El Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos Y Botánicos , CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Liliana Tateosian
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Oscar Amiano
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Rolandelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Domingo Juan Palmero
- División Tisioneumonología, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Levi
- División Tisioneumonología, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Ciallella
- División Tisioneumonología, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Colombo
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Verónica Edith García
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhu T, Liu H, Su L, Xiong X, Wang J, Xiao Y, Zhu Y, Peng Y, Dawood A, Hu C, Chen X, Chen H, Chen Y, Guo A. MicroRNA-18b-5p Downregulation Favors Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clearance in Macrophages via HIF-1α by Promoting an Inflammatory Response. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:800-810. [PMID: 33705114 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of the interaction between macrophages and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) through microRNA during M.tb infection is increasingly capturing the attention of researchers. However, the potential role of microRNA-18b-5p (miR-18b) is not elucidated yet. In this study, miR-18b was found to be downregulated in M.tb-infected macrophage cell lines (THP-1 and RAW264.7) in time- and dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, when the miR-18b mimic and inhibitor and small interfering RNA hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (si-HIF-1α) were transfected into the macrophages separately or in combination, it was found that miR-18b targeted hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). During M.tb infection, the decrease in the expression of miR-18b facilitated HIF-1α expression, which led to the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, resulting in decreased bacterial survival in the host cells. Moreover, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 was activated by the miR-18b inhibitor. Our findings expand the current understanding of the M.tb-cell interaction mechanism and provide a potential target to control M.tb infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Han Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Li Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xuekai Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products and of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yongchong Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ali Dawood
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32511, Egypt
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products and of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products and of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nienaber A, Hayford FEA, Variava E, Martinson N, Malan L. The Manipulation of the Lipid Mediator Metabolism as Adjunct Host-Directed Therapy in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623941. [PMID: 33777003 PMCID: PMC7994275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-directed therapies (HDTs) enhance the host response to tuberculosis (TB) infection to reduce disease severity. For instance, the manipulation of lipid mediator production diminishes the hyperactive immune response which is a known pathological feature of TB that generates lung tissue damage. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) are examples of such HDTs. In this mini-review, we recapitulate the literature available on the effects of NSAIDs and n-3 LCPUFA in TB as well as the immunological pathways underpinning these effects. Many NSAIDs have a great deal of data describing their effects and safety and in many jurisdictions are inexpensive, and sold over the counter in neighborhood convenience stores and supermarkets. The potential benefits of NSAIDs in TB are well-documented in pre-clinical studies. The reduction of pro-inflammatory lipid mediator production by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways with NSAIDs has been found to improve lung histopathology, bacterial control, and survival. Additionally, n-3 LCPUFA and its novel bioactive metabolites produced by COX and lipoxygenase (LOX) have been identified as safe and effective pro-resolving and antibacterial pharmaconutrients. Nevertheless, heterogeneous results have been reported in pre-clinical TB studies. Recently, the importance of the correct timing of NSAIDs and n-3 LCPUFA administration in TB has also been highlighted. This mini-review will provide a better understanding of the potential contribution of these therapies toward reducing inflammatory lung damage and improving bactericidal activity, especially during later stages of TB infection. It further highlights that clinical trials are required to confirm benefit and safety in TB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arista Nienaber
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Frank E A Hayford
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ebrahim Variava
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa.,Department of Internal Medicine, Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex, North West Department of Health, Klerksdorp, South Africa
| | - Neil Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa
| | - Linda Malan
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Baguma R, Mbandi SK, Rodo MJ, Erasmus M, Day J, Makhethe L, de Kock M, van Rooyen M, Stone L, Bilek N, Steyn M, Africa H, Darboe F, Chegou NN, Tromp G, Walzl G, Hatherill M, Penn-Nicholson A, Scriba TJ. Inflammatory Determinants of Differential Tuberculosis Risk in Pre-Adolescent Children and Young Adults. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639965. [PMID: 33717192 PMCID: PMC7947716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of progression from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection to active tuberculosis (TB) disease varies markedly with age. TB disease is significantly less likely in pre-adolescent children above 4 years of age than in very young children or post-pubescent adolescents and young adults. We hypothesized that pro-inflammatory responses to M.tb in pre-adolescent children are either less pronounced or more regulated, than in young adults. Inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators, measured by microfluidic RT-qPCR and protein bead arrays, or by analyzing published microarray data from TB patients and controls, were compared in pre-adolescent children and adults. Multivariate analysis revealed that M.tb-uninfected 8-year-old children had lower levels of myeloid-associated pro-inflammatory mediators than uninfected 18-year-old young adults. Relative to uninfected children, those with M.tb-infection had higher levels of similar myeloid inflammatory responses. These inflammatory mediators were also expressed after in vitro stimulation of whole blood from uninfected children with live M.tb. Our findings suggest that myeloid inflammation is intrinsically lower in pre-pubescent children than in young adults. The lower or more regulated pro-inflammatory responses may play a role in the lower risk of TB disease in this age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Baguma
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stanley Kimbung Mbandi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Miguel J. Rodo
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mzwandile Erasmus
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Day
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lebohang Makhethe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marwou de Kock
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michele van Rooyen
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lynnett Stone
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marcia Steyn
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hadn Africa
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fatoumatta Darboe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Novel N. Chegou
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerard Tromp
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adam Penn-Nicholson
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Amaral EP, Vinhaes CL, Oliveira-de-Souza D, Nogueira B, Akrami KM, Andrade BB. The Interplay Between Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Tissue Remodeling in Tuberculosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:471-485. [PMID: 32559410 PMCID: PMC8020551 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Excessive and prolonged proinflammatory responses are associated with oxidative stress, which is commonly observed during chronic tuberculosis (TB). Such condition favors tissue destruction and consequently bacterial spread. A tissue remodeling program is also triggered in chronically inflamed sites, facilitating a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Recent Advances: Since persistent and exacerbated oxidative stress responses have been associated with severe pathology, a number of studies have suggested that the inhibition of this augmented stress response by improving host antioxidant status may represent a reasonable strategy to ameliorate tissue damage in TB. Critical Issues: This review summarizes the interplay between oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and tissue remodeling, and its consequences in promoting TB disease. We emphasize the most important mechanisms associated with stress responses that contribute to the progression of TB. We also point out important host immune components that may influence the exacerbation of cellular stress and the subsequent tissue injury. Future Directions: Further research should reveal valuable targets for host-directed therapy of TB, preventing development of severe immunopathology and disease progression. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 471-485.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caian L Vinhaes
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Deivide Oliveira-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Betania Nogueira
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Kevan M Akrami
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, Brazil.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, Brazil.,Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Laval T, Chaumont L, Demangel C. Not too fat to fight: The emerging role of macrophage fatty acid metabolism in immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:84-97. [PMID: 33559209 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While the existence of a special relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and host lipids has long been known, it remains a challenging enigma. It was clearly established that Mtb requires host fatty acids (FAs) and cholesterol to produce energy, build its distinctive lipid-rich cell wall, and produce lipid virulence factors. It was also observed that in infected hosts, Mtb constantly resides in a FA-rich environment that the pathogen contributes to generate by inducing a lipid-laden "foamy" phenotype in host macrophages. These observations and the proximity between lipid droplets and phagosomes containing bacteria within infected macrophages gave rise to the hypothesis that Mtb reprograms host cell lipid metabolism to ensure a continuous supply of essential nutrients and its long-term persistence in vivo. However, recent studies question this principle by indicating that in Mtb-infected macrophages, lipid droplet formation prevents bacterial acquisition of host FAs while supporting the production of FA-derived protective lipid mediators. Further, in vivo investigations reveal discrete macrophage phenotypes linking the FA metabolisms of host cell and intracellular pathogen. Notably, FA storage within lipid droplets characterizes both macrophages controlling Mtb infection and dormant intracellular Mtb. In this review, we integrate findings from immunological and microbiological studies illustrating the new concept that cytoplasmic accumulation of FAs is a metabolic adaptation of macrophages to Mtb infection, which potentiates their antimycobacterial responses and forces the intracellular pathogen to shift into fat-saving, survival mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laval
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1221, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lise Chaumont
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1221, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1221, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sheedy FJ, Divangahi M. Targeting immunometabolism in host defence against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunology 2021; 162:145-159. [PMID: 33020911 PMCID: PMC7808148 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of ineffective vaccines, increasing antibiotic resistance and the decline in new antibacterial drugs in the pipeline, tuberculosis (TB) still remains pandemic. Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which causes TB, results in either direct elimination of the pathogen, most likely by the innate immune system, or infection and containment that requires both innate and adaptive immunity to form the granuloma. Host defence strategies against infectious diseases are comprised of both host resistance, which is the ability of the host to prevent invasion or to eliminate the pathogen, and disease tolerance, which is defined by limiting the collateral tissue damage. In this review, we aim to examine the metabolic demands of the immune cells involved in both host resistance and disease tolerance, chiefly the macrophage and T-lymphocyte. We will further discuss how baseline metabolic heterogeneity and inflammation-driven metabolic reprogramming during infection are linked to their key immune functions containing mycobacterial growth and instructing protective immunity. Targeting key players in immune cellular metabolism may provide a novel opportunity for treatments at different stages of TB disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick J. Sheedy
- School of Biochemistry & ImmunologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins‐Christie LaboratoriesDepartment of MedicineDepartment of PathologyDepartment of Microbiology & ImmunologyMcGill University Health CentreMcGill International TB CentreMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Albors-Vaquer A, Rizvi A, Matzapetakis M, Lamosa P, Coelho AV, Patel AB, Mande SC, Gaddam S, Pineda-Lucena A, Banerjee S, Puchades-Carrasco L. Active and prospective latent tuberculosis are associated with different metabolomic profiles: clinical potential for the identification of rapid and non-invasive biomarkers. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1131-1139. [PMID: 32486916 PMCID: PMC7448900 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1760734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although 23% of world population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), only 5-10% manifest the disease. Individuals surely exposed to M. tb that remain asymptomatic are considered potential latent TB (LTB) cases. Such asymptomatic M. tb.-exposed individuals represent a reservoir for active TB cases. Although accurate discrimination and early treatment of patients with active TB and asymptomatic M. tb.-exposed individuals are necessary to control TB, identifying those individuals at risk of developing active TB still remains a tremendous clinical challenge. This study aimed to characterize the differences in the serum metabolic profile specifically associated to active TB infected individuals or to asymptomatic M. tb.-exposed population. Interestingly, significant changes in a specific set of metabolites were shared when comparing either asymptomatic house-hold contacts of active TB patients (HHC-TB) or active TB patients (A-TB) to clinically healthy controls (HC). Furthermore, this analysis revealed statistically significant lower serum levels of aminoacids such as alanine, lysine, glutamate and glutamine, and citrate and choline in patients with A-TB, when compared to HHC-TB. The predictive ability of these metabolic changes was also evaluated. Although further validation in independent cohorts and comparison with other pulmonary infectious diseases will be necessary to assess the clinical potential, this analysis enabled the discrimination between HHC-TB and A-TB patients with an AUC value of 0.904 (confidence interval 0.81-1.00, p-value < 0.0001). Overall, the strategy described in this work could provide a sensitive, specific, and minimally invasive method that could eventually be translated into a clinical tool for TB control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Albors-Vaquer
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | | | | - S. C. Mande
- National Centre For Cell Science, Pune, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Gaddam
- Department of Immunology, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - A. Pineda-Lucena
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S. Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - L. Puchades-Carrasco
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xie Y, Zhou Y, Liu S, Zhang XL. PE_PGRS: Vital proteins in promoting mycobacterial survival and modulating host immunity and metabolism. Cell Microbiol 2020; 23:e13290. [PMID: 33217152 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide. One of the key reasons for M. tb pathogenesis is the capability of M. tb to evade immune elimination and survive in macrophage, eventually causing chronic infection. However the pathogenicity mechanism of M. tb is not unclear yet, and thus diagnosis and therapy for TB remains a challenge. The genome of M. tb, encodes a unique protein family known as the PGRS family, with largely unexplored functions. Recently, an increasing number of reports have shown that the PE_PGRS proteins play critical roles in bacterial pathogenesis and immune evasion. The PE_PGRS protein family, characterized by a special N-terminal PE (Pro (P)-Glu (E) motif) domain and a C-terminal PGRS (Polymorphic GC-rich Repetitive Sequences) domain, is restricted mainly to pathogenic mycobacteria. Here we summarize current literature on the PE_PGRS as vital proteins in promoting bacterial survival and modulating host immunity, cell death and metabolism. We also highlight the potential of PE_PGRS as novel targets of anti-mycobacterial interventions for TB control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Allergy Zhongnan Hospital, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidan Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Allergy Zhongnan Hospital, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Allergy Zhongnan Hospital, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shu D, Zhang Z, Zhou EY, Ma X, Zhao Y. Is chemoprophylaxis necessary for all latent tuberculosis infection patients receiving IL-17 inhibitors? A cohort study. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14512. [PMID: 33166023 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The tuberculosis (TB) burden is high in China, with a 32% prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Beijing. Screening for LTBI and the chemoprophylaxis of positive patients are recommended prior to biologic therapy. To evaluate the TB-related safety of secukinumab (SEC) in a cohort of plaque psoriasis patients with LTBI receiving different treatments. Plaque psoriasis patients eligible for SEC treatment were screened for TB. LTBI patients (QuantiFeron-TB test positive, QFT+) receiving SEC were closely monitored by chest radiograph, ESR or hs-CRP, and blood counts every 12 to 20 weeks for active TB infection. QFT_patients receiving SEC treatment were screened for LTBI every 6 to 12 months. Of 42 patients treated with SEC, 19 were QFT+ (45.24%). A QFT_patient became QFT+ after 6 months treatment. Two patients started SEC treatment from 2015 to 2016 and were followed up 268 and 216 weeks later, respectively. Three patients received chemoprophylaxis, 17 did not because of safety concerns or being unable to complete the process. During the 16- to 268-week follow-up, no signs of TB reactivation were observed in the 20 LTBI patients receiving SEC. Plaque psoriasis patients with LTBI who received no chemoprophylaxis could be safely treated with SEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Eray Yihui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhu Ma
- Department of General Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Type I IFN exacerbates disease in tuberculosis-susceptible mice by inducing neutrophil-mediated lung inflammation and NETosis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5566. [PMID: 33149141 PMCID: PMC7643080 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality due to infectious disease, but the factors determining disease progression are unclear. Transcriptional signatures associated with type I IFN signalling and neutrophilic inflammation were shown to correlate with disease severity in mouse models of TB. Here we show that similar transcriptional signatures correlate with increased bacterial loads and exacerbate pathology during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection upon GM-CSF blockade. Loss of GM-CSF signalling or genetic susceptibility to TB (C3HeB/FeJ mice) result in type I IFN-induced neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation that promotes bacterial growth and promotes disease severity. Consistently, NETs are present in necrotic lung lesions of TB patients responding poorly to antibiotic therapy, supporting the role of NETs in a late stage of TB pathogenesis. Our findings reveal an important cytokine-based innate immune effector network with a central role in determining the outcome of M. tuberculosis infection. GM-CSF is involved in control over M. tuberculosis infection. Here the authors show that GM-CSF reduces type 1 interferon driven neutrophil recruitment, NETosis and bacterial growth in the lungs of infected mice, and provide evidence that this NETosis occurs in infected humans who are not responsive to antibiotic therapy.
Collapse
|
45
|
Augenstreich J, Briken V. Host Cell Targets of Released Lipid and Secreted Protein Effectors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:595029. [PMID: 33194845 PMCID: PMC7644814 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.595029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a very successful pathogen, strictly adapted to humans and the cause of tuberculosis. Its success is associated with its ability to inhibit host cell intrinsic immune responses by using an arsenal of virulence factors of different nature. It has evolved to synthesize a series of complex lipids which form an outer membrane and may also be released to enter host cell membranes. In addition, secreted protein effectors of Mtb are entering the host cell cytosol to interact with host cell proteins. We briefly discuss the current model, involving the ESX-1 type seven secretion system and the Mtb lipid phthiocerol dimycoserosate (PDIM), of how Mtb creates pores in the phagosomal membrane to allow Mtb proteins to access to the host cell cytosol. We provide an exhaustive list of Mtb secreted proteins that have effector functions. They modify (mostly inhibit but sometimes activate) host cell pathways such as: phagosome maturation, cell death, cytokine response, xenophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) response via NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), nitric oxide (NO) response via NO Synthase 2 (NOS2) and antigen presentation via MHC class I and class II molecules. We discuss the host cell targets for each lipid and protein effector and the importance of the Mtb effector for virulence of the bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Volker Briken
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tuberculosis and COVID-19: Lessons from the Past Viral Outbreaks and Possible Future Outcomes. Can Respir J 2020; 2020:1401053. [PMID: 32934758 PMCID: PMC7479474 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1401053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The threat of contagious infectious diseases is constantly evolving as demographic explosion, travel globalization, and changes in human lifestyle increase the risk of spreading pathogens, leading to accelerated changes in disease landscape. Of particular interest is the aftermath of superimposing viral epidemics (especially SARS-CoV-2) over long-standing diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB), which remains a significant disease for public health worldwide and especially in emerging economies. Methods and Results The PubMed electronic database was systematically searched for relevant articles linking TB, influenza, and SARS-CoV viruses and subsequently assessed eligibility according to inclusion criteria. Using a data mining approach, we also queried the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19). We aimed to answer the following questions: What can be learned from other coronavirus outbreaks (focusing on TB patients)? Is coinfection (TB and SARS-CoV-2) more severe? Is there a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2? How does the TB vaccine affect COVID-19? How does one diagnosis affect the other? Discussions. Few essential elements about TB and SARS-CoV coinfections were discussed. First, lessons from past outbreaks (other coronaviruses) and influenza pandemic/seasonal outbreaks have taught the importance of infection control to avoid the severe impact on TB patients. Second, although challenging due to data scarcity, investigating the pathological pathways linking TB and SARS-CoV-2 leads to the idea that their coexistence might yield a more severe clinical evolution. Finally, we addressed the issues of vaccination and diagnostic reliability in the context of coinfection. Conclusions Because viral respiratory infections and TB impede the host's immune responses, it can be assumed that their lethal synergism may contribute to more severe clinical evolution. Despite the rapidly growing number of cases, the data needed to predict the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with latent TB and TB sequelae still lies ahead. The trial is registered with NCT04327206, NCT01829490, and NCT04121494.
Collapse
|
47
|
Hackett EE, Sheedy FJ. An Army Marches on Its Stomach: Metabolic Intermediates as Antimicrobial Mediators in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:446. [PMID: 32984072 PMCID: PMC7477320 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cells of the immune system are reliant on their metabolic state to launch effective responses to combat mycobacterial infections. The bioenergetic profile of the cell determines the molecular fuels and metabolites available to the host, as well as to the bacterial invader. How cells utilize the nutrients in their microenvironment—including glucose, lipids and amino acids—to sustain their functions and produce antimicrobial metabolites, and how mycobacteria exploit this to evade the immune system is of great interest. Changes in flux through metabolic pathways alters the intermediate metabolites present. These intermediates are beginning to be recognized as key modulators of immune signaling as well as direct antimicrobial effectors, and their impact on tuberculosis infection is becoming apparent. A better understanding of how metabolism impacts immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and how it is regulated and thus can be manipulated will open the potential for novel therapeutic interventions and vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emer E Hackett
- Macrophage Homeostasis, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frederick J Sheedy
- Macrophage Homeostasis, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Basu Roy R, Sambou B, Sissoko M, Holder B, Gomez MP, Egere U, Sillah AK, Koukounari A, Kampmann B. Protection against mycobacterial infection: A case-control study of mycobacterial immune responses in pairs of Gambian children with discordant infection status despite matched TB exposure. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102891. [PMID: 32675024 PMCID: PMC7502674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are particularly susceptible to tuberculosis. However, most children exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis are able to control the pathogen without evidence of infection. Correlates of human protective immunity against tuberculosis infection are lacking, and their identification would aid vaccine design. METHODS We recruited pairs of asymptomatic children with discordant tuberculin skin test status but the same sleeping proximity to the same adult with sputum smear-positive tuberculosis in a matched case-control study in The Gambia. Participants were classified as either Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected or Highly TB-Exposed Infected children. Serial luminescence measurements using an in vitro functional auto-luminescent Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) whole blood assay quantified the dynamics of host control of mycobacterial growth. Assay supernatants were analysed with a multiplex cytokine assay to measure associated inflammatory responses. FINDINGS 29 pairs of matched Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected and Highly TB-Exposed Infected children aged 5 to 15 years old were enroled. Samples from Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected children had higher levels of mycobacterial luminescence at 96 hours than Highly TB-Exposed Infected children. Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected children also produced less BCG-specific interferon-γ than Highly TB-Exposed Infected children at 24 hours and at 96 hours. INTERPRETATION Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected children showed less control of mycobacterial growth compared to Highly TB-Exposed Infected children in a functional assay, whilst cytokine responses mirrored infection status. FUNDING Clinical Research Training Fellowship funded under UK Medical Research Council/Department for International Development Concordat agreement and part of EDCTP2 programme supported by European Union (MR/K023446/1). Also MRC Program Grants (MR/K007602/1, MR/K011944/1, MC_UP_A900/1122).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robindra Basu Roy
- Department of Academic Paediatrics, Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom; Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia; Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Basil Sambou
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Muhamed Sissoko
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Beth Holder
- Department of Academic Paediatrics, Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Marie P Gomez
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Uzochukwu Egere
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia; Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Abdou K Sillah
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Artemis Koukounari
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia; Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; The Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Oliveira-de-Souza D, Vinhaes CL, Arriaga MB, Kumar NP, Queiroz ATL, Fukutani KF, Babu S, Andrade BB. Aging increases the systemic molecular degree of inflammatory perturbation in patients with tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11358. [PMID: 32647178 PMCID: PMC7347549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infection that can affect individuals of all ages. The description of determinants of immunopathogenesis in TB is of tremendous interest due to the perspective of finding a reliable host-directed therapy to reduce disease burden. The association between specific biomarker profiles related to inflammation and the diverse clinical disease presentations in TB has been extensively studied in adults. However, relatively scarce data on profiling the inflammatory responses in pediatric TB are available. Here, we employed the molecular degree of perturbation (MDP) score adapted to plasma biomarkers in two distinct databanks from studies that examined either adults or children presenting with pulmonary or extrapulmonary disease. We used multidimensional statistical analyses to characterize the impact of age on the overall changes in the systemic inflammation profiles in subpopulation of TB patients. Our findings indicate that TB results in significant increases in molecular perturbation, with the highest values being detected in adult patients. Furthermore, there were unique differences in the biomarker perturbation patterns and the overall degree of inflammation according to disease site and age. Importantly, the molecular degree of perturbation was not influenced by sex. Our results revealed that aging is an important determinant of the differences in quality and magnitude of systemic inflammatory perturbation in distinct clinical forms of TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deivide Oliveira-de-Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, 41810-710, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil
| | - Caian L Vinhaes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, 41810-710, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil
| | - María B Arriaga
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, 41810-710, Brazil
| | - Nathella Pavan Kumar
- International Center for Excellence in Research, National Institutes of Health- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Artur T L Queiroz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, 41810-710, Brazil
| | - Kiyoshi F Fukutani
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, 41810-710, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil
| | - Subash Babu
- International Center for Excellence in Research, National Institutes of Health- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, 600031, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, 40296-710, Brazil.
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, 41810-710, Brazil.
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, 40290-150, Brazil.
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, 40290-000, Brazil.
- Laureate Universities, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, 41720-200, Brazil.
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Moradi B, Sankian M, Amini Y, Gholoobi A, Meshkat Z. A new DNA vaccine expressing HspX-PPE44-EsxV fusion antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced strong immune responses. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:909-914. [PMID: 32774813 PMCID: PMC7395183 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.38521.9171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infection with tuberculosis (TB) is regarded as a major health issue. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance during TB treatment, prevention via vaccination is one of the most effective ways of controlling the infection. DNA vaccines are developed at a greater pace due to their ability in generating a long-lasting immune response, higher safety compared to the live vaccines, and relatively lower cost of production. In the present study, we evaluated a new DNA vaccine encoding the fusion HspX-PPE44-EsxV antigens, separately, and in combination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) administration, in a prime-boost method in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel DNA vaccine encoding HspX-PPE44-EsxV fusion antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was constructed, and RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to verify the expression of the antigen. Female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups (PBS, BCG, pcDNA3.1 (+) vector, pDNA/HspX-PPE44-EsxV vaccine, and the BCG-prime boost groups). In order to evaluate the immunogenicity of the recombinant vector, BALB/c mice were injected with 100 μg of pDNA at 2-week intervals. Then, cytokine assay was conducted using eBioscience ELISA kits (Ebioscience, AUT) according to manufacturers' instructions to evaluate the concentrations of IL-4, IL-12, TGF-β, and IFN-γ. RESULTS The concentrations of INF-γ, IL-12, and TGF-beta were significantly increased compared to the control groups (P<0.001). INF-γ and IL-12 production were increased significantly in pDNA/HspX-PPE44-EsxV+BCG group compared to pDNA/HspX-PPE44-EsxV group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION This study showed that the present DNA vaccine could induce a high level of specific cytokines in mice. It was also shown that using this DNA vaccine in a BCG prime-boost protocol can produce significant amounts of IFN-γ, IL-12, and TGF-β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Moradi
- Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Amini
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Aida Gholoobi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|