1
|
Karl K, Del Piccolo N, Light T, Roy T, Dudeja P, Ursachi VC, Fafilek B, Krejci P, Hristova K. Ligand bias underlies differential signaling of multiple FGFs via FGFR1. eLife 2024; 12:RP88144. [PMID: 38568193 PMCID: PMC10990489 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The differential signaling of multiple FGF ligands through a single fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor (FGFR) plays an important role in embryonic development. Here, we use quantitative biophysical tools to uncover the mechanism behind differences in FGFR1c signaling in response to FGF4, FGF8, and FGF9, a process which is relevant for limb bud outgrowth. We find that FGF8 preferentially induces FRS2 phosphorylation and extracellular matrix loss, while FGF4 and FGF9 preferentially induce FGFR1c phosphorylation and cell growth arrest. Thus, we demonstrate that FGF8 is a biased FGFR1c ligand, as compared to FGF4 and FGF9. Förster resonance energy transfer experiments reveal a correlation between biased signaling and the conformation of the FGFR1c transmembrane domain dimer. Our findings expand the mechanistic understanding of FGF signaling during development and bring the poorly understood concept of receptor tyrosine kinase ligand bias into the spotlight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Karl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Nuala Del Piccolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Taylor Light
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tanaya Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Pooja Dudeja
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Vlad-Constantin Ursachi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Bohumil Fafilek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wirth D, Özdemir E, Hristova K. Quantification of ligand and mutation-induced bias in EGFR phosphorylation in direct response to ligand binding. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7579. [PMID: 37989743 PMCID: PMC10663608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling bias is the ability of a receptor to differentially activate downstream signaling pathways in response to different ligands. Bias investigations have been hindered by inconsistent results in different cellular contexts. Here we introduce a methodology to identify and quantify bias in signal transduction across the plasma membrane without contributions from feedback loops and system bias. We apply the methodology to quantify phosphorylation efficiencies and determine absolute bias coefficients. We show that the signaling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to EGF and TGFα is biased towards Y1068 and against Y1173 phosphorylation, but has no bias for epiregulin. We further show that the L834R mutation found in non-small-cell lung cancer induces signaling bias as it switches the preferences to Y1173 phosphorylation. The knowledge gained here challenges the current understanding of EGFR signaling in health and disease and opens avenues for the exploration of biased inhibitors as anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wirth
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ece Özdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee SB, Abdal Dayem A, Kmiecik S, Lim KM, Seo DS, Kim HT, Kumar Biswas P, Do M, Kim DH, Cho SG. Efficient improvement of the proliferation, differentiation, and anti-arthritic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells by simply culturing on the immobilized FGF2 derived peptide, 44-ERGVVSIKGV-53. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00290-4. [PMID: 37777063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The stem cell microenvironment has been evidenced to robustly affect its biological functions and clinical grade. Natural or synthetic growth factors, especially, are essential for modulating stem cell proliferation, metabolism, and differentiation via the interaction with specific extracellular receptors. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) possesses pleiotropic functions in various tissues and organs. It interacts with the FGF receptor (FGFR) and activates FGFR signaling pathways, which involve numerous biological functions, such as angiogenesis, wound healing, cell proliferation, and differentiation. OBJECTIVES Here, we aim to explore the molecular functions, mode of action, and therapeutic activity of yet undetermined function, FGF-2-derived peptide, FP2 (44-ERGVVSIKGV-53) in promoting the proliferation, differentiation, and therapeutic application of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) in comparison to other test peptides, canofin1 (FP1), hexafin2 (FP3), and canofin3 (FP4) with known functions. METHODS The immobilization of test peptides that are fused with mussel adhesive proteins (MAP) on the culture plate was carried out via EDC/NHS chemistry. Cell Proliferation assay, colony-forming unit, western blotting analysis, gene expression analysis, RNA-Seq. analysis, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation capacity were applied to test the activity of the test peptides. We additionally utilized three-dimensional (3D) structural analysis and artificial intelligence (AI)-based AlphaFold2 and CABS-dock programs for receptor interaction prediction of the peptide receptor. We also verified the in vivo therapeutic capacity of FP2-cultured hWJ-MSCs using an osteoarthritis mice model. RESULTS Culture of hWJ-MSC onto an FP2-immobilized culture plate showed a significant increase in cell proliferation (n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01) and the colony-forming unit (n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01) compared with the test peptides. FP2 showed a significantly upregulated phosphorylation of FRS2α and FGFR1 and activated the AKT and ERK signaling pathways (n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Interestingly, we detected efficient FP2 receptor binding that was predicted using AI-based tools. Treatment with an AKT inhibitor significantly abrogated the FP2-mediated enhancement of cell differentiation (n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Intra-articular injection of FP2-cultured MSCs significantly mitigated arthritis symptoms in an osteoarthritis mouse model, as shown through the functional tests (n = 10; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001), modulation of the expression level of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes, and improved osteochondral regeneration as demonstrated by tissue sections. CONCLUSION Our study identified the FGF-2-derived peptide FP2 as a promising candidate peptide to improve the therapeutic potential of hWJ-MSCs, especially in bone and cartilage regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastian Kmiecik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Seo
- Stem Cell Research Center of AMOLIFESCIENCE Co., Ltd, 91, Gimpo-daero 1950 Beon-gil, Tongjin-eup, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do 10014, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Taek Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center of AMOLIFESCIENCE Co., Ltd, 91, Gimpo-daero 1950 Beon-gil, Tongjin-eup, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do 10014, Republic of Korea
| | - Polash Kumar Biswas
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Do
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pennacchietti V, Pagano L, Malagrinò F, Diop A, Di Felice M, Di Matteo S, Marcocci L, Pietrangeli P, Toto A, Gianni S. Characterization of the folding and binding properties of the PTB domain of FRS2 with phosphorylated and unphosphorylated ligands. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 745:109703. [PMID: 37543351 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
PTB (PhosphoTyrosine Binding) domains are protein domains that exert their function by binding phosphotyrosine residues on other proteins. They are commonly found in a variety of signaling proteins and are important for mediating protein-protein interactions in numerous cellular processes. PTB domains can also exhibit binding to unphosphorylated ligands, suggesting that they have additional binding specificities beyond phosphotyrosine recognition. Structural studies have reported that the PTB domain from FRS2 possesses this peculiar feature, allowing it to interact with both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated ligands, such as TrkB and FGFR1, through different topologies and orientations. In an effort to elucidate the dynamic and functional properties of these protein-protein interactions, we provide a complete characterization of the folding mechanism of the PTB domain of FRS2 and the binding process to peptides mimicking specific regions of TrkB and FGFR1. By analyzing the equilibrium and kinetics of PTB folding, we propose a mechanism implying the presence of an intermediate along the folding pathway. Kinetic binding experiments performed at different ionic strengths highlighted the electrostatic nature of the interaction with both peptides. The specific role of single amino acids in early and late events of binding was pinpointed by site-directed mutagenesis. These results are discussed in light of previous experimental works on these protein systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pennacchietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Awa Diop
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariana Di Felice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pietrangeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Veth TS, Francavilla C, Heck AJR, Altelaar M. Elucidating Fibroblast Growth Factor-Induced Kinome Dynamics Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry and Dynamic Modeling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100594. [PMID: 37328066 PMCID: PMC10368922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are paracrine or endocrine signaling proteins that, activated by their ligands, elicit a wide range of health and disease-related processes, such as cell proliferation and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The detailed molecular pathway dynamics that coordinate these responses have remained to be determined. To elucidate these, we stimulated MCF-7 breast cancer cells with either FGF2, FGF3, FGF4, FGF10, or FGF19. Following activation of the receptor, we quantified the kinase activity dynamics of 44 kinases using a targeted mass spectrometry assay. Our system-wide kinase activity data, supplemented with (phospho)proteomics data, reveal ligand-dependent distinct pathway dynamics, elucidate the involvement of not earlier reported kinases such as MARK, and revise some of the pathway effects on biological outcomes. In addition, logic-based dynamic modeling of the kinome dynamics further verifies the biological goodness-of-fit of the predicted models and reveals BRAF-driven activation upon FGF2 treatment and ARAF-driven activation upon FGF4 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, and Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang M, Lan L, Wang YW, Zhang JY, Shi L, Sun LP. Design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of arylurea derivatives as potent and selective type II irreversible covalent FGFR4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 87:117298. [PMID: 37196426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant FGF19/FGFR4 signaling has been demonstrated to be an oncogenic driver of growth and survival in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). At present, the development of FGFR4-specific drugs has become a hotspot in tumor-targeted therapy research. However, no selective FGFR4 inhibitors have been approved by FDA so far. Currently, most of the reported FGFR4 inhibitors that use a covalent targeting strategy to be selective are typical type I inhibitors with a single type. Here, based on Ponatinib, we designed and synthesized a series of arylurea derivatives as novel type II irreversible covalent inhibitors of FGFR4. Among them, the representative compound 6v exhibited an IC50 value of 74 nM against FGFR4 and antiproliferative potency of 0.25 μM and 0.22 μM against Huh7 and Hep3B cell lines. Western blotting results showed that compound 6v significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of FGFR4 and its downstream signaling factors AKT and ERK in a dose-dependent manner in Hep3B cell. These results showed that this series of compounds, as type II irreversible FGFR4 inhibitors, are worthy of further research and structural optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Li Lan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jin-Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Takeuchi Y, Gotoh N. Inflammatory cytokine-enriched microenvironment plays key roles in the development of breast cancers. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1792-1799. [PMID: 36704829 PMCID: PMC10154879 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As the incidence of breast cancer continues to increase, it is critical to develop prevention strategies for this disease. Inflammation underlies the onset of the disease, and NF-κB is a master transcription factor for inflammation. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is activated in a variety of cell types, including normal epithelial cells, cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and immune cells. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the earliest stage of breast cancer, and not all DCIS lesions develop into invasive breast cancers (IBC). Currently, most patients with DCIS undergo surgery with postoperative therapy, although there is a risk of overtreatment. In BRCA mutants, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)-positive progenitors serve as the cell of origin, and treatment using the RANK monoclonal antibody reduces the risk of IBC. There is still an unmet need to diagnose malignant DCIS, which has the potential to progress to IBC, and to establish appropriate prevention strategies. We recently demonstrated novel molecular mechanisms for NF-κB activation in premalignant mammary tissues, which include DCIS, and the resultant cytokine-enriched microenvironment is essential for breast cancer development. On the early endosomes in a few epithelial cells, the adaptor protein FRS2β, forming a complex with ErbB2, carries the IκB kinase (IKK) complex and leads to the activation of NF-κB, thereby inducing a variety of cytokines. Therefore, the FRS2β-NFκB axis in the inflammatory premalignant environment could be targetable to prevent IBC. Further analysis of the molecular mechanisms of inflammation in the premalignant microenvironment is necessary to prevent the risk of IBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Takeuchi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zheng X, Wang H, Deng J, Yao M, Zou X, Zhang F, Ma X. Safety and efficacy of the pan-FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib in advanced urothelial carcinoma and other solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 12:907377. [PMID: 36776367 PMCID: PMC9909824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.907377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aimed to comprehensively analyze the safety and efficacy of erdafitinib in treating advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma and other solid tumors. Methods PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched until 10 February 2022. The safety outcome as adverse events and efficacy outcomes, including objective response rate, stable disease rates, and progressive disease rates, were selected and analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0 and STATA 15.0. Results The most common all-grade adverse events were hyperphosphatemia, dry mouth, stomatitis, diarrhea, and dysgeusia. The occurrence of ≥3 adverse events was relatively low, and stomatitis and hyponatremia were the most common. Moreover, eye disorders could not be ignored. Efficacy in urothelial carcinoma patients was obviously better than in other solid tumor patients, with a higher objective response rate (0.38 versus 0.10) and lower progressive disease rate (0.26 versus 0.68). All responses occurred in patients with fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) alteration. In those patients, a specific FGFR alteration (FGFR3-TACC3) was observed to have a maximum response. Conclusion Erdafitinib has satisfactory clinical activity for metastatic urothelial carcinoma and other solid tumors, while the toxicity is acceptable. With more RCTs and combination therapy trials published, erdafitinib will be applied widely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zheng
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Wang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junyue Deng
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minghe Yao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuhe Zou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Xiuhe Zou, ; Fan Zhang,
| | - Fan Zhang
- Health Management Center, General Practice Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiuhe Zou, ; Fan Zhang,
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Discovery of a small molecule ligand of FRS2 that inhibits invasion and tumor growth. Cell Oncol 2022; 46:331-356. [PMID: 36495366 PMCID: PMC10060354 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Aberrant activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases drives oncogenic signaling through its proximal adaptor protein FRS2. Precise disruption of this disease-causing signal transmission in metastatic cancers could stall tumor growth and progression. The purpose of this study was to identify a small molecule ligand of FRS2 to interrupt oncogenic signal transmission from activated FGFRs.
Methods
We used pharmacophore-based computational screening to identify potential small molecule ligands of the PTB domain of FRS2, which couples FRS2 to FGFRs. We confirmed PTB domain binding of molecules identified with biophysical binding assays and validated compound activity in cell-based functional assays in vitro and in an ovarian cancer model in vivo. We used thermal proteome profiling to identify potential off-targets of the lead compound.
Results
We describe a small molecule ligand of the PTB domain of FRS2 that prevents FRS2 activation and interrupts FGFR signaling. This PTB-domain ligand displays on-target activity in cells and stalls FGFR-dependent matrix invasion in various cancer models. The small molecule ligand is detectable in the serum of mice at the effective concentration for prolonged time and reduces growth of the ovarian cancer model in vivo. Using thermal proteome profiling, we furthermore identified potential off-targets of the lead compound that will guide further compound refinement and drug development.
Conclusions
Our results illustrate a phenotype-guided drug discovery strategy that identified a novel mechanism to repress FGFR-driven invasiveness and growth in human cancers. The here identified bioactive leads targeting FGF signaling and cell dissemination provide a novel structural basis for further development as a tumor agnostic strategy to repress FGFR- and FRS2-driven tumors.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nguyen T, Yue Z, Slominski R, Welner R, Zhang J, Chen JY. WINNER: A network biology tool for biomolecular characterization and prioritization. Front Big Data 2022; 5:1016606. [DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2022.1016606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and contributionIn network biology, molecular functions can be characterized by network-based inference, or “guilt-by-associations.” PageRank-like tools have been applied in the study of biomolecular interaction networks to obtain further the relative significance of all molecules in the network. However, there is a great deal of inherent noise in widely accessible data sets for gene-to-gene associations or protein-protein interactions. How to develop robust tests to expand, filter, and rank molecular entities in disease-specific networks remains an ad hoc data analysis process.ResultsWe describe a new biomolecular characterization and prioritization tool called Weighted In-Network Node Expansion and Ranking (WINNER). It takes the input of any molecular interaction network data and generates an optionally expanded network with all the nodes ranked according to their relevance to one another in the network. To help users assess the robustness of results, WINNER provides two different types of statistics. The first type is a node-expansion p-value, which helps evaluate the statistical significance of adding “non-seed” molecules to the original biomolecular interaction network consisting of “seed” molecules and molecular interactions. The second type is a node-ranking p-value, which helps evaluate the relative statistical significance of the contribution of each node to the overall network architecture. We validated the robustness of WINNER in ranking top molecules by spiking noises in several network permutation experiments. We have found that node degree–preservation randomization of the gene network produced normally distributed ranking scores, which outperform those made with other gene network randomization techniques. Furthermore, we validated that a more significant proportion of the WINNER-ranked genes was associated with disease biology than existing methods such as PageRank. We demonstrated the performance of WINNER with a few case studies, including Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, myocardial infarctions, and Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In all these case studies, the expanded and top-ranked genes identified by WINNER reveal disease biology more significantly than those identified by other gene prioritizing software tools, including Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and DiAMOND.ConclusionWINNER ranking strongly correlates to other ranking methods when the network covers sufficient node and edge information, indicating a high network quality. WINNER users can use this new tool to robustly evaluate a list of candidate genes, proteins, or metabolites produced from high-throughput biology experiments, as long as there is available gene/protein/metabolic network information.
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu Z, Luo W, Chen L, Zhuang Z, Yang D, Qian J, Khan ZA, Guan X, Wang Y, Li X, Liang G. Ang II (Angiotensin II)-Induced FGFR1 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1) Activation in Tubular Epithelial Cells Promotes Hypertensive Kidney Fibrosis and Injury. Hypertension 2022; 79:2028-2041. [PMID: 35862110 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.18657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated Ang II (angiotensin II) level leads to a range of conditions, including hypertensive kidney disease. Recent evidences indicate that FGFR1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) signaling may be involved in kidney injuries. In this study, we determined whether Ang II alters FGFR1 signaling to mediate renal dysfunction. METHODS Human archival kidney samples from patients with or without hypertension were examined. Multiple genetic and pharmacological approaches were used to investigate FGFR1-mediated signaling in tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells in response to Ang II stimulation. C57BL/6 mice were infused with Ang II for 28 days to develop hypertensive kidney disease. Mice were treated with either adeno-associated virus expressing FGFR1 shRNA or FGFR1 inhibitor AZD4547. RESULTS Kidney specimens from subjects with hypertension and mice challenged with Ang II have increased FGFR1 activity in renal epithelial cells. Renal epithelial cells in culture initiate extracellular matrix programming in response to Ang II, through the activation of FGFR1, which is independent of both AT1R (angiotensin II receptor type 1) and AT2R (angiotensin II receptor type 2). The RNA sequencing analysis indicated that disrupting FGFR1 suppresses Ang II-induced fibrogenic responses in epithelial cells. Mechanistically, Ang II-activated FGFR1 leads to STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) activation, which is responsible for fibrogenic factor expression in kidneys. In the mouse model of hypertensive kidney disease, genetic knockdown of FGFR1 or pharmacological inhibition of its activity protected kidneys from dysfunction and fibrosis upon Ang II challenge. CONCLUSIONS Our studies uncover a novel mechanism causing renal fibrosis in hypertension and indicate FGFR1 as a potential target to preserve renal function and integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Z.X., W.L., J.Q., Y.W., X.L., G.L.).,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.X., L.C., G.L.).,Department of Cardiology and Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Z.X., W.L.)
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Z.X., W.L., J.Q., Y.W., X.L., G.L.).,Department of Cardiology and Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Z.X., W.L.)
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.X., L.C., G.L.)
| | - Zaishou Zhuang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Z.Z., D.Y., X.G.)
| | - Daona Yang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Z.Z., D.Y., X.G.)
| | - Jianchang Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Z.X., W.L., J.Q., Y.W., X.L., G.L.)
| | - Zia A Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (Z.A.K.)
| | - Xinfu Guan
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Z.Z., D.Y., X.G.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Z.X., W.L., J.Q., Y.W., X.L., G.L.)
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Z.X., W.L., J.Q., Y.W., X.L., G.L.)
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Z.X., W.L., J.Q., Y.W., X.L., G.L.).,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.X., L.C., G.L.).,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, China (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, contributes fundamentally to embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and wound healing. Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is recognized as the first proangiogenic molecule discovered and it facilitates angiogenesis by activating FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling in endothelial cells. However, the roles of FGFR and the FGF/FGFR signaling axis in angiogenesis remain unclear. Here, we report that, upon reversible, posttranslational, small ubiquitin-like modifier modification (SUMOylation), FGFR1 regulates angiogenesis by coordinating endothelial angiogenic signaling. Mechanistically, FGFR1 SUMOylation maintains the balance in the competitive recruitment of the adaptor protein FRS2α between FGFR1 and VEGFR2 receptor complexes. VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling primarily operates under hypoxic conditions and FGF/FGFR1 signaling is more important under normoxic conditions. Angiogenesis contributes fundamentally to embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and wound healing. Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is recognized as the first proangiogenic molecule discovered, and it facilitates angiogenesis by activating FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling in endothelial cells. However, the precise roles of FGFR and the FGF/FGFR signaling axis in angiogenesis remain unclear, especially because of the contradictory phenotypes of in vivo FGF and FGFR gene deficiency models. Our previous study results suggested a potential role of posttranslational small ubiquitin-like modifier modification (SUMOylation), with highly dynamic regulatory features, in vascular development and disorder. Here, we identified SENP1-regulated endothelial FGFR1 SUMOylation at conserved lysines responding to proangiogenic stimuli, while SENP1 functioned as the deSUMOylase. Hypoxia-enhanced FGFR1 SUMOylation restricted the tyrosine kinase activation of FGFR1 by modulating the dimerization of FGFR1 and FGFR1 binding with its phosphatase PTPRG. Consequently, it facilitated the recruitment of FRS2α to VEGFR2 but limited additional recruitment of FRS2α to FGFR1, supporting the activation of VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling in endothelial cells. Furthermore, SUMOylation-defective mutation of FGFR1 resulted in exaggerated FGF2/FGFR1 signaling but suppressed VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling and the angiogenic capabilities of endothelial cells, which were rescued by FRS2α overexpression. Reduced angiogenesis and endothelial sprouting in mice bearing an endothelial-specific, FGFR1 SUMOylation-defective mutant confirmed the functional significance of endothelial FGFR1 SUMOylation in vivo. Our findings identify the reversible SUMOylation of FGFR1 as an intrinsic fine-tuned mechanism in coordinating endothelial angiogenic signaling during neovascularization; SENP1-regulated FGFR1 SUMOylation and deSUMOylation controls the competitive recruitment of FRS2α by FGFR1 and VEGFR2 to switch receptor-complex formation responding to hypoxia and normoxia angiogenic environments.
Collapse
|
13
|
Leopold AV, Thankachan S, Yang C, Gerashchenko D, Verkhusha VV. A general approach for engineering RTKs optically controlled with far-red light. Nat Methods 2022; 19:871-880. [PMID: 35681062 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity is necessary for studying cell signaling pathways in health and disease. We developed a generalized approach for engineering RTKs optically controlled with far-red light. We targeted the bacterial phytochrome DrBphP to the cell surface and allowed its light-induced conformational changes to be transmitted across the plasma membrane via transmembrane helices to intracellular RTK domains. Systematic optimization of these constructs has resulted in optically regulated epidermal growth factor receptor, HER2, TrkA, TrkB, FGFR1, IR1, cKIT and cMet, named eDrRTKs. eDrRTKs induced downstream signaling in mammalian cells in tens of seconds. The ability to activate eDrRTKs with far-red light enabled spectral multiplexing with fluorescent probes operating in a shorter spectral range, allowing for all-optical assays. We validated eDrTrkB performance in mice and found that minimally invasive stimulation in the neocortex with penetrating via skull far-red light-induced neural activity, early immediate gene expression and affected sleep patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Leopold
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Chun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | | | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Genetics and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tong KL, Tan KE, Lim YY, Tien XY, Wong PF. CircRNA-miRNA interactions in atherogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2703-2733. [PMID: 35604519 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) which includes unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. The onset of atherogenesis, a process of atherosclerotic lesion formation in the intima of arteries, is driven by lipid accumulation, a vicious cycle of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions leading to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation, and foam cell formation which further fuel plaque formation and destabilization. In recent years, there is a surge in the number of publications reporting the involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and metabolic syndromes. These studies have advanced our understanding on the biological functions of circRNAs. One of the most common mechanism of action of circRNAs reported is the sponging of microRNAs (miRNAs) by binding to the miRNAs response element (MRE), thereby indirectly increases the transcription of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Individual networks of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA associated with atherogenesis have been extensively reported, however, there is a need to connect these findings for a complete overview. This review aims to provide an update on atherogenesis-related circRNAs and analyze the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions in atherogenesis. The atherogenic mechanisms and clinical relevance of each atherogenesis-related circRNA were systematically discussed for better understanding of the knowledge gap in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kind-Leng Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ke-En Tan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yat-Yuen Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Yi Tien
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Direct Conversion of Bovine Dermal Fibroblasts into Myotubes by Viral Delivery of Transcription Factor bMyoD. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Direct reprogramming of somatic cells to myoblasts and myotubes holds great potential for muscle development, disease modeling and regenerative medicine. According to recent studies, direct conversion of fibroblasts to myoblasts was performed by using a transcription factor, myoblast determination protein (MyoD), which belongs to a family of myogenic regulatory factors. Therefore, MyoD is considered to be a key driver in the generation of induced myoblasts. In this study, we compared the direct phenotypic conversion of bovine dermal fibroblasts (BDFs) into myoblasts and myotubes by supplementing a transcription factor, bovine MyoD (bMyoD), in the form of recombinant protein or the bMyoD gene, through retroviral vectors. As a result, the delivery of the bMyoD gene to BDFs was more efficient for inducing reprogramming, resulting in direct conversion to myoblasts and myotubes, when compared with protein delivery. BDFs cultured with retrovirus encoding bMyoD increased myogenic gene expression, such as MyoG, MYH3 and MYMK. In addition, the cells expressed myoblast or myotube-specific marker proteins, MyoG and Desmin, respectively. Our findings provide an informative tool for the myogenesis of domestic-animal-derived somatic cells via transgenic technology. By using this method, a new era of regenerative medicine and cultured meat is expected.
Collapse
|
16
|
Guidi R, Xu D, Choy DF, Ramalingam TR, Lee WP, Modrusan Z, Liang Y, Marsters S, Ashkenazi A, Huynh A, Mills J, Flanagan S, Hambro S, Nunez V, Leong L, Cook A, Tran TH, Austin CD, Cao Y, Clarke C, Panettieri RA, Koziol-White C, Jester WF, Wang F, Wilson MS. Steroid-induced fibroblast growth factors drive an epithelial-mesenchymal inflammatory axis in severe asthma. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl8146. [PMID: 35442706 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and inflammatory airway diseases restrict airflow in the lung, compromising gas exchange and lung function. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) can reduce inflammation, control symptoms, and improve lung function; however, a growing number of patients with severe asthma do not benefit from ICS. Using bronchial airway epithelial brushings from patients with severe asthma or primary human cells, we delineated a corticosteroid-driven fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-dependent inflammatory axis, with FGF-responsive fibroblasts promoting downstream granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production, hyaluronan secretion, and neutrophilic inflammation. Allergen challenge studies in mice demonstrate that the ICS, fluticasone propionate, inhibited type 2-driven eosinophilia but induced a concomitant increase in FGFs, G-CSF, hyaluronan, and neutrophil infiltration. We developed a model of steroid-induced neutrophilic inflammation mediated, in part, by induction of an FGF-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal axis, which may explain why some individuals do not benefit from ICS. In further proof-of-concept experiments, we found that combination therapy with pan-FGF receptor inhibitors and corticosteroids prevented both eosinophilic and steroid-induced neutrophilic inflammation. Together, these results establish FGFs as therapeutic targets for severe asthma patients who do not benefit from ICS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Guidi
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daqi Xu
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - David F Choy
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Wyne P Lee
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Scot Marsters
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Avi Ashkenazi
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alison Huynh
- Necropsy, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jessica Mills
- Necropsy, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sean Flanagan
- Necropsy, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Victor Nunez
- Necropsy, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Laurie Leong
- Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ashley Cook
- Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Cary D Austin
- Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yi Cao
- OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christine Clarke
- OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Cynthia Koziol-White
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - William F Jester
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Fen Wang
- Center for Cancer Biology and Nutrition, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The blood level of phosphate is tightly regulated in a narrow range. Hyperphosphatemia and hypophosphatemia both lead to the development of diseases, such as hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis and rickets/osteomalacia, respectively. Although several humoral factors have been known to affect blood phosphate levels, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is the principal hormone involved in the regulation of blood phosphate. This hormone is produced by bone, particularly by osteocytes and osteoblasts, and has the effect of lowering the blood level of phosphate in the renal proximal tubules. Therefore, some phosphate-sensing mechanism should exist, at least in the bone. However, the mechanisms through which bone senses changes in the blood level of phosphate, and through which the bone regulates FGF23 production remain to be fully elucidated. Our recent findings demonstrate that high extracellular phosphate phosphorylates FGF receptor 1c (FGFR1c). Its downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)/ERK signaling pathway regulates the expression of several transcription factors and the GALNT3 gene, which encodes GalNAc-T3, which plays a role in the regulation of posttranslational modification of FGF23 protein, which in turn enhances FGF23 production. The FGFR1c-GALNT3 gene axis is considered to be the most important mechanism for regulating the production of FGF23 in bone in the response to a high phosphate diet. Thus-in the regulation of FGF23 production and blood phosphate levels-FGFR1c may be considered to function as a phosphate-sensing molecule. A feedback mechanism, in which FGFR1c and FGF23 are involved, is present in blood phosphate regulation. In addition, other reports indicate that PiT1 and PiT2 (type III sodium-phosphate cotransporters), and calcium-sensing receptor are also involved in the phosphate-sensing mechanism. In the present chapter, we summarize new insights on phosphate-sensing mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Takashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Fukumoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Z, Li J, Chen H, Huang J, Song X, Tu ZC, Zhang Z, Peng L, Zhou Y, Ding K. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Formyl Tetrahydronaphthyridine Urea Derivatives as New Selective Covalently Reversible FGFR4 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3249-3265. [PMID: 35119278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant FGF19/FGFR4 signaling is an oncogenic driver force for the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A series of 2-formyl tetrahydronaphthyridine urea derivatives were designed and synthesized as new covalently reversible inhibitors of FGFR4. The representative compound 9ka exhibited an IC50 value of 5.4 nM against FGFR4 and demonstrated extraordinary kinome selectivity. Compound 9ka also exhibited good oral pharmacokinetic properties with an AUC(0-t) value of 38 950.06 h·ng/mL, a T1/2 value of 3.06 h, and an oral bioavailability of 50.97%, at an oral dose of 25 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Furthermore, compound 9ka induced significant tumor regressions in a xenograft mouse model of Hep3B2.1-7 HCC cell line without an obvious sign of toxicity upon 30 mg/kg oral administration. Compound 9ka may serve as a promising lead compound for further anticancer drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Li
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Chen
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Huang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Zheng-Chao Tu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, # 160 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lijie Peng
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, # 855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, # 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sho T, Morikawa K, Kubo A, Tokuchi Y, Kitagataya T, Yamada R, Shigesawa T, Kimura M, Nakai M, Suda G, Natsuizaka M, Ogawa K, Sakamoto N. Prospect of lenvatinib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in the new era of systemic chemotherapy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:2076-2087. [PMID: 35070043 PMCID: PMC8713309 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phase III clinical trial of the novel molecular targeted agent (MTA) lenvatinib for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (REFLECT trial) found that lenvatinib was non-inferior to sorafenib in overall survival. Recently, the efficacy of multiple MTAs, including lenvatinib, in practice has been reported, and therapeutic strategies for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) intermediate stage HCC are undergoing major changes. Based on these results, lenvatinib could be recommended for patients with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)-refractory, ALBI grade 1, within the up-to-seven criteria in the BCLC intermediate stage. Lenvatinib provides a more favorable outcome than TACE, even in cases with large or multinodular HCC beyond the up-to-seven criteria with Child-Pugh grade A. When patients meet the definitions of TACE-refractory or TACE-unsuitable, switching to systemic chemotherapy, including lenvatinib, is for favorable for preserving liver function. If initial treatment, including MTA, has a significant therapeutic effect and downstaging of HCC is obtained, additional TACE or surgical resection should be considered. Lenvatinib also has a therapeutic effect for poorly differentiated type and non-simple nodular type HCC thanks to the survival-prolonging effect of this drug. Furthermore, a significant therapeutic effect is expected in tumors with more than 50% liver involvement or main portal vein invasion, which have traditionally been considered to have a poor prognosis in patients. This suggests that at the start of lenvatinib treatment, HCC patients with ALBI grade 1 may be able to maintain liver functional reserve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akinori Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tokuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitagataya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ren Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taku Shigesawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mugumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Servetto A, Formisano L, Arteaga CL. FGFR signaling and endocrine resistance in breast cancer: Challenges for the clinical development of FGFR inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188595. [PMID: 34303787 PMCID: PMC10537726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) have been extensively investigated in solid malignancies, representing an attractive therapeutic target. In breast cancer, especially in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) subtype, FGFR signaling aberrations have been reported to contribute to proliferation, dedifferentiation, metastasis and drug resistance. However, clinical trials evaluating the use of FGFR inhibitors in breast cancer have had disappointing results. The different biological properties of distinct FGFR alterations and lack of established patient selection criteria, in addition to the early use of non-selective inhibitors, are possible reasons of this failure. Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding the role of FGFR signaling in endocrine resistance in breast cancer. We will also summarize the results from the clinical development of FGFR inhibitors in breast cancer, discussing future challenges to identify the correct cohorts of patients to enroll in trials testing FGFR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Servetto
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
New insights into the role of fibroblast growth factors in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1413-1427. [PMID: 34731369 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), acknowledged as the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. The characteristic pathologic hallmarks of AD-including the deposition of extracellular senile plaques (SP) formation, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and synaptic loss, along with prominent vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment-have been observed in patients. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), originally characterized as angiogenic factors, are a large family of signaling molecules that are implicated in a wide range of biological functions in brain development, maintenance and repair, as well as in the pathogenesis of brain-related disorders including AD. Many studies have focused on the implication of FGFs in AD pathophysiology. In this review, we will provide a summary of recent findings regarding the role of FGFs and their receptors in the pathogenesis of AD, and discuss the possible opportunities for targeting these molecules as novel treatment strategies in AD.
Collapse
|
22
|
The membrane-linked adaptor FRS2β fashions a cytokine-rich inflammatory microenvironment that promotes breast cancer carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103658118. [PMID: 34663724 PMCID: PMC8639355 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103658118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer develops after a long period of latency under premalignant conditions. Strategies to target the premalignant conditions have yet to materialize since the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we discovered that FRS2β, expressed in a subset of mammary epithelial cells, directly activates nuclear factor–κB (NF-κB) and drives the initiation and promotion of the stroma-rich premalignant conditions. The FRS2β-triggered activation of NF-κB takes place in the early endosomes, the organelles, which have not been believed to be a major place for NF-κB signaling. The endosome signaling should be a novel focus for targeting therapy for prevention of breast cancer. This work paves a new way to develop preventive strategies of breast tumor development. Although it is held that proinflammatory changes precede the onset of breast cancer, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that FRS2β, an adaptor protein expressed in a small subset of epithelial cells, triggers the proinflammatory changes that induce stroma in premalignant mammary tissues and is responsible for the disease onset. FRS2β deficiency in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)–ErbB2 mice markedly attenuated tumorigenesis. Importantly, tumor cells derived from MMTV-ErbB2 mice failed to generate tumors when grafted in the FRS2β-deficient premalignant tissues. We found that colocalization of FRS2β and the NEMO subunit of the IκB kinase complex in early endosomes led to activation of nuclear factor–κB (NF-κB), a master regulator of inflammation. Moreover, inhibition of the activities of the NF-κB–induced cytokines, CXC chemokine ligand 12 and insulin-like growth factor 1, abrogated tumorigenesis. Human breast cancer tissues that express higher levels of FRS2β contain more stroma. The elucidation of the FRS2β–NF-κB axis uncovers a molecular link between the proinflammatory changes and the disease onset.
Collapse
|
23
|
Repetto M, Crimini E, Giugliano F, Morganti S, Belli C, Curigliano G. Selective FGFR/FGF pathway inhibitors: inhibition strategies, clinical activities, resistance mutations, and future directions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:1233-1252. [PMID: 34591728 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1947246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)/fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a pathway characterized by recurring alterations in cancer. Its dysregulations enhance cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion, as well as angiogenesis and immune evasion.Areas covered: FGFR/FGF selective inhibitors belong to a broad class of drugs with some being approved for specific indications and others under investigation in ongoing phase I and II clinical trials. In this review, all available clinical data from trials on selective FGFR/FGF inhibitors as well as described resistance mutations and mechanisms are presented. FGFR/FGF pathway inhibitors are classified according to the mechanism they employ to dampen/suppress signaling and to the preferred FGFR binding mode when X-ray crystal structure is available.Expert opinion: Data presented suggests the general actionability of FGFR1,2,3 mutations and fusions across histologies, whereas FGFR1,2,3 amplifications alone are poor predictors of response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Overexpression on immunohistochemistry (IHC) of FGF19, the stimulatory ligand of FGFR4, can predict response to FGFR selective inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma. Whereas IHC overexpression of FGFR1,2,3 is not sufficient to predict benefit from FGFR inhibitors across solid tumors. FGFR1,2,3 mRNA overexpression can predict response even in absence of structural alteration. Data on resistance mutations suggests the need for new inhibitors to overcome gatekeeper mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Repetto
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Crimini
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Giugliano
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Morganti
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Belli
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Catalano M, Casadei-Gardini A, Vannini G, Campani C, Marra F, Mini E, Roviello G. Lenvatinib: established and promising drug for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:1353-1365. [PMID: 34289756 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1958674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : The evolving therapeutic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) includes the increasing implementation of target-therapy and immunotherapy. Lenvatinib, a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is an emerging first-line therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Its approval has changed the scenario of first-line therapies for advanced HCC, where just sorafenib proved clinical efficacy for over a decade. AREAS COVERED : The current evidence on the role of lenvatinib for patients with advanced HCC is reviewed in this article. Particularly, therapeutic mechanisms and clinical efficacy of lenvatinib are summarized and the management of adverse events is discussed. In addition, future perspectives on the emerging role of combine therapy for HCC are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION In the first line, lenvatinib was found to be non-inferior to sorafenib for overall survival, with significantly better progression-free survival and objective response rate. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now part of HCC treatment, and recently the combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab has become the recommended standard of care first-line therapy for selected patients. The antitumor and immunomodulatory activities that lenvatinib shows in preclinical studies, and the positive outcomes achieved using a combination of lenvatinib plus ICIs, open new perspectives for advanced HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Vita-Salute, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Vannini
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Campani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Excellence Center for Research, Transfer snd High Education DenoTHE, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cigliano A, Chen X, Calvisi DF. Current challenges to underpinning the genetic basis for cholangiocarcinoma. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:511-526. [PMID: 33888034 PMCID: PMC8173760 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1915128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview regarding the current scenario and knowledge of the CCA genomic landscape and the potentially actionable molecular aberrations in each CCA subtype. EXPERT OPINION The establishment and advances of high-throughput methodologies applied to genetic and epigenetic profiling are changing many cancer types' therapeutic landscape , including CCA.The large body of data generated must be interpreted appropriately and eventually implemented in clinical practice. The following advancements toward precision medicine in CCA management will require designing better clinical trials with improved methods to stratify biliary tumor patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cigliano
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Klimaschewski L, Claus P. Fibroblast Growth Factor Signalling in the Diseased Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3884-3902. [PMID: 33860438 PMCID: PMC8280051 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) act as key signalling molecules in brain development, maintenance, and repair. They influence the intricate relationship between myelinating cells and axons as well as the association of astrocytic and microglial processes with neuronal perikarya and synapses. Advances in molecular genetics and imaging techniques have allowed novel insights into FGF signalling in recent years. Conditional mouse mutants have revealed the functional significance of neuronal and glial FGF receptors, not only in tissue protection, axon regeneration, and glial proliferation but also in instant behavioural changes. This review provides a summary of recent findings regarding the role of FGFs and their receptors in the nervous system and in the pathogenesis of major neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Klimaschewski
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sung VYC, Knight JF, Johnson RM, Stern YE, Saleh SM, Savage P, Monast A, Zuo D, Duhamel S, Park M. Co-dependency for MET and FGFR1 in basal triple-negative breast cancers. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 33772015 PMCID: PMC7997957 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease that lacks both effective patient stratification strategies and therapeutic targets. Whilst elevated levels of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase are associated with TNBCs and predict poor clinical outcome, the functional role of MET in TNBC is still poorly understood. In this study, we utilise an established Met-dependent transgenic mouse model of TNBC, human cell lines and patient-derived xenografts to investigate the role of MET in TNBC tumorigenesis. We find that in TNBCs with mesenchymal signatures, MET participates in a compensatory interplay with FGFR1 to regulate tumour-initiating cells (TICs). We demonstrate a requirement for the scaffold protein FRS2 downstream from both Met and FGFR1 and find that dual inhibition of MET and FGFR1 signalling results in TIC depletion, hindering tumour progression. Importantly, basal breast cancers that display elevated MET and FGFR1 signatures are associated with poor relapse-free survival. Our results support a role for MET and FGFR1 as potential co-targets for anti-TIC therapies in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Y C Sung
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer F Knight
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Radia M Johnson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yaakov E Stern
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sadiq M Saleh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Savage
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anie Monast
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dongmei Zuo
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Duhamel
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li S, Hao M, Wu T, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhang L. Kaempferol alleviates human endothelial cell injury through circNOL12/miR-6873-3p/FRS2 axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111419. [PMID: 33761622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis, inflammatory disease, is a major reason for cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Kaempferol (Kae) has been well-documented to have pharmacological activities in the previous studies. However, the detailed mechanisms by which Kae regulates inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure expression levels of circNOL12, nucleolar protein 12 (NOL12), miR-6873-3p, and Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) in HUVECs treated with either oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) alone or in combination with Kae. The cells viability was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT) assay. The inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed by checking inflammatory factors, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. The apoptotic cells were quantified by flow cytometry assay. The western blot assay was used for measuring protein expression. The interaction relationship between miR-6873-3p and circNOL12 or FRS2 was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. Treatment with Kae could inhibit ox-LDL-induced the upregulation of circNOL12 in HUVECs. Importantly, Kae weakened ox-LDL-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HUVECs, which was abolished by overexpression of circNOL12. What's more, miR-6873-3p was a target of circNOL12 in HUVECs, and the upregulation of miR-6873-3p overturned circNOL12 overexpression-induced effects on HUVECs treated with ox-LDL and Kae. FRS2 was negatively regulated by miR-6873-3p in HUVECs. CONCLUSION Kae alleviated ox-LDL-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HUVECs by regulating circNOL12/miR-6873-3p/FRS2 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangzhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Meihua Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Taisheng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Junjian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Feng F, Wu X, Shi X, Gao Q, Wu Y, Yu Y, Cheng Q, Li B, Yi B, Liu C, Hao Q, Zhang L, Gao C, Jiang X. Comprehensive analysis of genomic alterations of Chinese hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:717-727. [PMID: 33387086 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignant tumor of the biliary system. The heterogeneity of CCA leads to the lack of effective targeted treatment for CCA subtypes. The molecular characteristic of hilar CCA (hCCA) is still unclear. METHODS A total of 63 hCCA patients were enrolled from Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues, and matched blood were collected and deep sequencing targeting 450 cancer genes were performed. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was measured by an algorithm developed in-house. Correlation analysis was performed by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The most commonly mutated genes were TP53 (51.7%), NF1 and KRAS (20%, for both), SMAD4 (16.7%), FAT3 and FRS2 (13.3%, for both), NF1 (11.7%), and KMT2C, MDM2, and ATM (10%, for each) in hCCA. ARID1A, GATA6, and PREX2 mutations commonly occurred in female and KMT2C mutations mainly occurred in patients under 60 years old. Statistical analysis showed the association between ARID1A mutation and tumor stage (P = 0.041) and between NF1 mutation and high TMB (P = 0.0095). Furthermore, ARID1B mutation was identified to associate with the poor prognosis of Chinese hCCA patients (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION The mutational characterization of hCCA is different from both extrahepatic CCA and intrahepatic CCA. ARID1B is a potential biomarker for prognosis prediction of Chinese hCCA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiling Feng
- Department of Biliary Tract I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, No.225, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- Department of Biliary Tract I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, No.225, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Shi
- Origimed Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201114, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiang Gao
- Department of Biliary Tract I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, No.225, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Biliary Tract I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, No.225, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Biliary Tract I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, No.225, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbao Cheng
- Department of Biliary Tract I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, No.225, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Biliary Tract I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, No.225, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Biliary Tract I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, No.225, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Biliary Tract I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, No.225, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Hao
- Origimed Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201114, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Origimed Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201114, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Biliary Tract I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, No.225, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- Department of Biliary Tract I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, No.225, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The identification of mutations in FGFR3 in bladder tumors in 1999 led to major interest in this receptor and during the subsequent 20 years much has been learnt about the mutational profiles found in bladder cancer, the phenotypes associated with these and the potential of this mutated protein as a target for therapy. Based on mutational and expression data, it is estimated that >80% of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC) and ∼40% of muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBC) have upregulated FGFR3 signalling, and these frequencies are likely to be even higher if alternative splicing of the receptor, expression of ligands and changes in regulatory mechanisms are taken into account. Major efforts by the pharmaceutical industry have led to development of a range of agents targeting FGFR3 and other FGF receptors. Several of these have entered clinical trials, and some have presented very encouraging early results in advanced bladder cancer. Recent reviews have summarised the drugs and related clinical trials in this area. This review will summarise what is known about the effects of FGFR3 and its mutant forms in normal urothelium and bladder tumors, will suggest when and how this protein contributes to urothelial cancer pathogenesis and will highlight areas that may benefit from further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Knowles
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jia T, Vaganay E, Carpentier G, Coudert P, Guzman-Gonzales V, Manuel R, Eymin B, Coll JL, Ruggiero F. A collagen Vα1-derived fragment inhibits FGF-2 induced-angiogenesis by modulating endothelial cells plasticity through its heparin-binding site. Matrix Biol 2020; 94:18-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
32
|
Roubal K, Myint ZW, Kolesar JM. Erdafitinib: A novel therapy for FGFR-mutated urothelial cancer. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2020; 77:346-351. [PMID: 32073123 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxz329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide an overview of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene alterations and the pharmacology, clinical effectiveness, dosage and administration, cost, and place in therapy of erdafitinib in bladder cancer. SUMMARY Erdafitinib (Balversa, Janssen Pharmaceuticals) is a novel pan-FGFR inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of patients with advanced urothelial cancer with specific FGFR genetic alterations who have received at least one prior platinum-containing regimen. Erdafitinib binding to the FGFR2 and FGFR3 receptors inhibits FGF activity, resulting in cell death. Erdafitinib is available in tablet form, and the current recommended daily dosing is 8 mg, with dose escalation to 9 mg after 14 to 21 days of therapy if tolerated. A phase 2 clinical trial demonstrated that patients who received erdafitinib experienced on average 5.5 months of progression-free survival (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2-6.0 months). In addition, 40% (95% CI, 31-50%) of patients responded to erdafitinib therapy. Patients receiving erdafitinib therapy should be monitored specifically for elevations in serum phosphate levels and changes in vision. Other adverse effects include anemia, thrombocytopenia, and electrolyte abnormalities. CONCLUSION Erdafitinib is the first small-molecule FGFR inhibitor approved for use in advanced bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiera Roubal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Zin W Myint
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jill M Kolesar
- University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fairhurst RA, Knoepfel T, Buschmann N, Leblanc C, Mah R, Todorov M, Nimsgern P, Ripoche S, Niklaus M, Warin N, Luu VH, Madoerin M, Wirth J, Graus-Porta D, Weiss A, Kiffe M, Wartmann M, Kinyamu-Akunda J, Sterker D, Stamm C, Adler F, Buhles A, Schadt H, Couttet P, Blank J, Galuba I, Trappe J, Voshol J, Ostermann N, Zou C, Berghausen J, Del Rio Espinola A, Jahnke W, Furet P. Discovery of Roblitinib (FGF401) as a Reversible-Covalent Inhibitor of the Kinase Activity of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12542-12573. [PMID: 32930584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FGF19 signaling through the FGFR4/β-klotho receptor complex has been shown to be a key driver of growth and survival in a subset of hepatocellular carcinomas, making selective FGFR4 inhibition an attractive treatment opportunity. A kinome-wide sequence alignment highlighted a poorly conserved cysteine residue within the FGFR4 ATP-binding site at position 552, two positions beyond the gate-keeper residue. Several strategies for targeting this cysteine to identify FGFR4 selective inhibitor starting points are summarized which made use of both rational and unbiased screening approaches. The optimization of a 2-formylquinoline amide hit series is described in which the aldehyde makes a hemithioacetal reversible-covalent interaction with cysteine 552. Key challenges addressed during the optimization are improving the FGFR4 potency, metabolic stability, and solubility leading ultimately to the highly selective first-in-class clinical candidate roblitinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Fairhurst
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Knoepfel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Buschmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Mah
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Milen Todorov
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Nimsgern
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Ripoche
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michel Niklaus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Warin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Van Huy Luu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Madoerin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Wirth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Graus-Porta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kiffe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wartmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Dario Sterker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Stamm
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Adler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Buhles
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Schadt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Couttet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Blank
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Inga Galuba
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Trappe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Voshol
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Ostermann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chao Zou
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Berghausen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang Jahnke
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Furet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Levine KM, Ding K, Chen L, Oesterreich S. FGFR4: A promising therapeutic target for breast cancer and other solid tumors. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 214:107590. [PMID: 32492514 PMCID: PMC7494643 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway has long been known to cancer researchers because of its role in cell survival, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Dysregulation of FGFR signaling is frequently reported in cancer studies, but most of these studies focus on FGFR1-3. However, there is growing evidence implicating an important and unique role of FGFR4 in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to anti-tumor therapy in multiple types of cancer. Importantly, there are several novel FGFR4-specific inhibitors in clinical trials, making FGFR4 an attractive target for further research. In this review, we focus on assessing the role of FGFR4 in cancer, with an emphasis on breast cancer. First, the structure, physiological functions and downstream signaling pathways of FGFR4 are introduced. Next, different mechanisms reported to cause aberrant FGFR4 activation and their functions in cancer are discussed, including FGFR4 overexpression, FGF ligand overexpression, FGFR4 somatic hotspot mutations, and the FGFR4 G388R single nucleotide polymorphism. Finally, ongoing and recently completed clinical trials targeting FGFRs in cancer are reviewed, highlighting the therapeutic potential of FGFR4 inhibition for the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Levine
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kai Ding
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lyuqin Chen
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xie Y, Su N, Yang J, Tan Q, Huang S, Jin M, Ni Z, Zhang B, Zhang D, Luo F, Chen H, Sun X, Feng JQ, Qi H, Chen L. FGF/FGFR signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:181. [PMID: 32879300 PMCID: PMC7468161 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences suggest that the fibroblast growth factor/FGF receptor (FGF/FGFR) signaling has crucial roles in a multitude of processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis by regulating cellular lineage commitment, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of various types of cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of FGF signaling and its roles in organ development, injury repair, and the pathophysiology of spectrum of diseases, which is a consequence of FGF signaling dysregulation, including cancers and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this context, the agonists and antagonists for FGF-FGFRs might have therapeutic benefits in multiple systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianding Sun
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fibroblast growth factor signalling in osteoarthritis and cartilage repair. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:547-564. [PMID: 32807927 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling is a prerequisite for the correct development and homeostasis of articular cartilage, as evidenced by the fact that aberrant FGF signalling contributes to the maldevelopment of joints and to the onset and progression of osteoarthritis. Of the four FGF receptors (FGFRs 1-4), FGFR1 and FGFR3 are strongly implicated in osteoarthritis, and FGFR1 antagonists, as well as agonists of FGFR3, have shown therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of spontaneous and surgically induced osteoarthritis. FGF18, a high affinity ligand for FGFR3, is the only FGF-based drug currently in clinical trials for osteoarthritis. This Review covers the latest advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate FGF signalling during normal joint development and in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Strategies for FGF signalling-based treatment of osteoarthritis and for cartilage repair in animal models and clinical trials are also introduced. An improved understanding of FGF signalling from a structural biology perspective, and of its roles in skeletal development and diseases, could unlock new avenues for discovery of modulators of FGF signalling that can slow or stop the progression of osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ortiz M, Soto-Alarcón SA, Orellana P, Espinosa A, Campos C, López-Arana S, Rincón MA, Illesca P, Valenzuela R, Videla LA. Suppression of high-fat diet-induced obesity-associated liver mitochondrial dysfunction by docosahexaenoic acid and hydroxytyrosol co-administration. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:895-904. [PMID: 32620521 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-induced by high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with liver steatosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which can be eluded by the co-administration of the lipid metabolism modulator docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol (HT). METHODS C57BL/6J mice fed a HFD were orally administered either with vehicle, DHA, HT or DHA+HT for 12 weeks. We measured parameters related to insulin resistance, serum lipid levels, liver fatty acid (FA) content and steatosis score, concomitantly with those associated with mitochondrial energy functions modulated by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1a. RESULTS HFD induced insulin resistance, liver steatosis with n-3 FA depletion, and loss of mitochondrial respiratory functions with diminished NAD+/NADH ratio and ATP levels compared with CD, with the parallel decrease in the expression of the components of the PGC-1α cascade, namely, PPAR-α, FGF21 and AMPK, effects that were not observed in mice subjected to DHA and HT co-administration. CONCLUSIONS Data presented indicate that the combination of DHA and HT prevents the development of liver steatosis and the associated mitochondrial dysfunction induced by HFD, thus strengthening the significance of this protocol as a therapeutic strategy avoiding disease evolution into more irreversible forms characterised by the absence of adequate pharmacological therapy in human obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Ortiz
- Nutrition and Dietetics School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Curico, Chile
| | - Sandra A Soto-Alarcón
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Orellana
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Campos
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra López-Arana
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel A Rincón
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Illesca
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70000, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cortese M, Kumar A, Matula P, Kaderali L, Scaturro P, Erfle H, Acosta EG, Buehler S, Ruggieri A, Chatel-Chaix L, Rohr K, Bartenschlager R. Reciprocal Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling on Dengue Virus Replication and Virion Production. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2579-2592.e6. [PMID: 31141684 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a human arboviral pathogen accounting for 390 million infections every year. The available vaccine has limited efficacy, and DENV-specific drugs have not been generated. To better understand DENV-host cell interaction, we employed RNA interference-based screening of the human kinome and identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) to control the DENV replication cycle. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR exerts a reciprocal effect by reducing DENV RNA replication and promoting the production of infectious virus particles. Addressing the latter effect, we found that the FGFR signaling pathway modulates intracellular distribution of DENV particles in a PI3K-dependent manner. Upon FGFR inhibition, virions accumulate in the trans-Golgi network compartment, where they undergo enhanced maturation cleavage of the envelope protein precursor membrane (prM), rendering virus particles more infectious. This study reveals an unexpected reciprocal role of a cellular receptor tyrosine kinase regulating DENV RNA replication and the production of infectious virions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Petr Matula
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg University, BioQuant, IPMB, and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- ViroQuant Research Group Modeling, BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pietro Scaturro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- Advanced Biological Screening Facility, BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Eliana Gisela Acosta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sandra Buehler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, Boulevard des Prairies Laval, Québec, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Karl Rohr
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg University, BioQuant, IPMB, and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao Y, Zhang YN, Wang KT, Chen L. Lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma: From preclinical mechanisms to anti-cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188391. [PMID: 32659252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lenvatinib, a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is an emerging first-line therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its application has changed the status of sorafenib as the only first-line TKI treatment for HCC for more than a decade. Evidence has shown that lenvatinib possesses antitumor proliferation and immunomodulatory activity in preclinical studies. In comparison, lenvatinib was non-inferior to sorafenib in overall survival (OS), and even shows superiority with regard to all the secondary efficacy endpoints. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are now being incorporated into HCC treatment. Positive outcomes have been achieved in the combination of lenvatinib plus ICIs, bringing broader prospects for HCC. This review presents an overview on the therapeutic mechanisms and clinical efficacy of lenvatinib in HCC, and we discuss the future perspectives of lenvatinib in HCC management with focus on biomarker-guided precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ya-Ni Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Kai-Ting Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang X, Chai Z, Pan G, Hao Y, Li B, Ye T, Li Y, Long F, Xia L, Liu M. ExoBCD: a comprehensive database for exosomal biomarker discovery in breast cancer. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5860692. [PMID: 32591816 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective and safe implementation of precision oncology for breast cancer is a vital strategy to improve patient outcomes, which relies on the application of reliable biomarkers. As 'liquid biopsy' and novel resource for biomarkers, exosomes provide a promising avenue for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Although several exosome-related databases have been developed, there is still lacking of an integrated database for exosome-based biomarker discovery. To this end, a comprehensive database ExoBCD (https://exobcd.liumwei.org) was constructed with the combination of robust analysis of four high-throughput datasets, transcriptome validation of 1191 TCGA cases and manual mining of 950 studies. In ExoBCD, approximately 20 900 annotation entries were integrated from 25 external sources and 306 exosomal molecules (49 potential biomarkers and 257 biologically interesting molecules). The latter could be divided into 3 molecule types, including 121 mRNAs, 172 miRNAs and 13 lncRNAs. Thus, the well-linked information about molecular characters, experimental biology, gene expression patterns, overall survival, functional evidence, tumour stage and clinical use were fully integrated. As a data-driven and literature-based paradigm proposed of biomarker discovery, this study also demonstrated the corroborative analysis and identified 36 promising molecules, as well as the most promising prognostic biomarkers, IGF1R and FRS2. Taken together, ExoBCD is the first well-corroborated knowledge base for exosomal studies of breast cancer. It not only lays a foundation for subsequent studies but also strengthens the studies of probing molecular mechanisms, discovering biomarkers and developing meaningful clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zixuan Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guizhi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youjin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Long
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Differential responses to kinase inhibition in FGFR2-addicted triple negative breast cancer cells: a quantitative phosphoproteomics study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7950. [PMID: 32409632 PMCID: PMC7224374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) dependent signalling is frequently activated in cancer by a variety of different mechanisms. However, the downstream signal transduction pathways involved are poorly characterised. Here a quantitative differential phosphoproteomics approach, SILAC, is applied to identify FGF-regulated phosphorylation events in two triple- negative breast tumour cell lines, MFM223 and SUM52, that exhibit amplified expression of FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) and are dependent on continued FGFR2 signalling for cell viability. Comparative Gene Ontology proteome analysis revealed that SUM52 cells were enriched in proteins associated with cell metabolism and MFM223 cells enriched in proteins associated with cell adhesion and migration. FGFR2 inhibition by SU5402 impacts a significant fraction of the observed phosphoproteome of these cells. This study expands the known landscape of FGF signalling and identifies many new targets for functional investigation. FGF signalling pathways are found to be flexible in architecture as both shared, and divergent, responses to inhibition of FGFR2 kinase activity in the canonical RAF/MAPK/ERK/RSK and PI3K/AKT/PDK/mTOR/S6K pathways are identified. Inhibition of phosphorylation-dependent negative-feedback pathways is observed, defining mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to FGFR2 inhibition. These findings have implications for the therapeutic application of FGFR inhibitors as they identify both common and divergent responses in cells harbouring the same genetic lesion and pathways of drug resistance.
Collapse
|
42
|
Das SK, Maji S, Wechman SL, Bhoopathi P, Pradhan AK, Talukdar S, Sarkar D, Landry J, Guo C, Wang XY, Cavenee WK, Emdad L, Fisher PB. MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP): Novel gene and therapeutic target for cancer metastasis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104695. [PMID: 32061839 PMCID: PMC7551653 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary cause of cancer-related death from solid tumors is metastasis. While unraveling the mechanisms of this complicated process continues, our ability to effectively target and treat it to decrease patient morbidity and mortality remains disappointing. Early detection of metastatic lesions and approaches to treat metastases (both pharmacological and genetic) are of prime importance to obstruct this process clinically. Metastasis is complex involving both genetic and epigenetic changes in the constantly evolving tumor cell. Moreover, many discrete steps have been identified in metastatic spread, including invasion, intravasation, angiogenesis, attachment at a distant site (secondary seeding), extravasation and micrometastasis and tumor dormancy development. Here, we provide an overview of the metastatic process and highlight a unique pro-metastatic gene, melanoma differentiation associated gene-9/Syntenin (MDA-9/Syntenin) also called syndecan binding protein (SDCBP), which is a major contributor to the majority of independent metastatic events. MDA-9 expression is elevated in a wide range of carcinomas and other cancers, including melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme and neuroblastoma, suggesting that it may provide an appropriate target to intervene in metastasis. Pre-clinical studies confirm that inhibiting MDA-9 either genetically or pharmacologically profoundly suppresses metastasis. An additional benefit to blocking MDA-9 in metastatic cells is sensitization of these cells to a second therapeutic agent, which converts anti-invasion effects to tumor cytocidal effects. Continued mechanistic and therapeutic insights hold promise to advance development of truly effective therapies for metastasis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Santanu Maji
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Stephen L Wechman
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anjan K Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joseph Landry
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Taliyan R, Chandran SK, Kakoty V. Therapeutic Approaches to Alzheimer's Type of Dementia: A Focus on FGF21 Mediated Neuroprotection. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2555-2568. [PMID: 31333086 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are the most devastating disorder of the nervous system. The pathological basis of neurodegeneration is linked with dysfunctional protein trafficking, mitochondrial stress, environmental factors and aging. With the identification of insulin and insulin receptors in some parts of the brain, it has become evident that certain metabolic conditions associated with insulin dysfunction like Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, obesity etc., are also known to contribute to neurodegeneration mainly Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Recently, a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) superfamily, FGF21 has proved tremendous efficacy in diseases like diabetes mellitus, obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Increased levels of FGF21 have been reported to exert multiple beneficial effects in metabolic syndrome. FGF21 receptors are present in certain areas of the brain involved in learning and memory. However, despite extensive research, its function as a neuroprotectant in AD remains elusive. FGF21 is a circulating endocrine hormone which is mainly secreted by the liver primarily in fasting conditions. FGF21 exerts its effects after binding to FGFR1 and co-receptor, β-klotho (KLB). It is involved in regulating energy via glucose and lipid metabolism. It is believed that aberrant FGF21 signalling might account for various anomalies like neurodegeneration, cancer, metabolic dysfunction etc. Hence, this review will majorly focus on FGF21 role as a neuroprotectant and potential metabolic regulator. Moreover, we will also review its potential as an emerging candidate for combating metabolic stress induced neurodegenerative abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sarathlal K Chandran
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Violina Kakoty
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
What lies beneath: Hydra provides cnidarian perspectives into the evolution of FGFR docking proteins. Dev Genes Evol 2020; 230:227-238. [PMID: 32198667 PMCID: PMC7260276 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-020-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Across the Bilateria, FGF/FGFR signaling is critical for normal development, and in both Drosophila and vertebrates, docking proteins are required to connect activated FGFRs with downstream pathways. While vertebrates use Frs2 to dock FGFR to the RAS/MAPK or PI3K pathways, the unrelated protein, downstream of FGFR (Dof/stumps/heartbroken), fulfills the corresponding function in Drosophila. To better understand the evolution of the signaling pathway downstream of FGFR, the available sequence databases were screened to identify Frs2, Dof, and other key pathway components in phyla that diverged early in animal evolution. While Frs2 homologues were detected only in members of the Bilateria, canonical Dof sequences (containing Dof, ankyrin, and SH2/SH3 domains) were present in cnidarians as well as bilaterians (but not in other animals or holozoans), correlating with the appearance of FGFR. Although these data suggested that Dof coupling might be ancestral, gene expression analysis in the cnidarian Hydra revealed that Dof is not upregulated in the zone of strong FGFRa and FGFRb expression at the bud base, where FGFR signaling controls detachment. In contrast, transcripts encoding other, known elements of FGFR signaling in Bilateria, namely the FGFR adaptors Grb2 and Crkl, which are acting downstream of Dof (and Frs2), as well as the guanyl nucleotide exchange factor Sos, and the tyrosine phosphatase Csw/Shp2, were strongly upregulated at the bud base. Our expression analysis, thus, identified transcriptional upregulation of known elements of FGFR signaling at the Hydra bud base indicating a highly conserved toolkit. Lack of transcriptional Dof upregulation raises the interesting question, whether Hydra FGFR signaling requires either of the docking proteins known from Bilateria.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kostrzewska-Poczekaj M, Bednarek K, Jarmuz-Szymczak M, Bodnar M, Filas V, Marszalek A, Bartochowska A, Grenman R, Kiwerska K, Szyfter K, Giefing M. Copy number gains of the putative CRKL oncogene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma result in strong nuclear expression of the protein and influence cell proliferation and migration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:24. [PMID: 31913340 PMCID: PMC6949282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a major medical problem worldwide. Although our understanding of genetic changes and their consequences in laryngeal cancer has opened new therapeutic pathways over the years, the diagnostic as well as treatment options still need to be improved. In our previous study, we identified CRKL (22q11) as a novel putative oncogene overexpressed and amplified in a subset of LSCC tumors and cell lines. Here we analyze to what extent CRKL DNA copy number gains correlate with the higher expression of CRKL protein by performing IHC staining of the respective protein in LSCC cell lines (n = 3) and primary tumors (n = 40). Moreover, the importance of CRKL gene in regard to proliferation and motility of LSCC cells was analyzed with the application of RNA interference (siRNA). Beside the physiological cytoplasmic expression, the analysis of LSCC tumor samples revealed also nuclear expression of CRKL protein in 10/40 (25%) cases, of which three (7.5%), presented moderate or strong nuclear expression. Similarly, we observed a shift towards aberrantly strong nuclear abundance of the CRKL protein in LSCC cell lines with gene copy number amplifications. Moreover, siRNA mediated silencing of CRKL gene in the cell lines showing its overexpression, significantly reduced proliferation (p < 0.01) as well as cell migration (p < 0.05) rates. Altogether, these results show that the aberrantly strong nuclear localization of CRKL is a seldom but recurrent phenomenon in LSCC resulting from the increased DNA copy number and overexpression of the gene. Moreover, functional analyses suggest that proliferation and migration of the tumor cells depend on CRKL expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kinga Bednarek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Jarmuz-Szymczak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Violeta Filas
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences & Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszalek
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences & Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bartochowska
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Reidar Grenman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Central Hospital and Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Katarzyna Kiwerska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szyfter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Giefing
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Caven L, Carabeo RA. Pathogenic Puppetry: Manipulation of the Host Actin Cytoskeleton by Chlamydia trachomatis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010090. [PMID: 31877733 PMCID: PMC6981773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is crucially important to maintenance of the cellular structure, cell motility, and endocytosis. Accordingly, bacterial pathogens often co-opt the actin-restructuring machinery of host cells to access or create a favorable environment for their own replication. The obligate intracellular organism Chlamydia trachomatis and related species exemplify this dynamic: by inducing actin polymerization at the site of pathogen-host attachment, Chlamydiae induce their own uptake by the typically non-phagocytic epithelium they infect. The interaction of chlamydial adhesins with host surface receptors has been implicated in this effect, as has the activity of the chlamydial effector TarP (translocated actin recruitment protein). Following invasion, C. trachomatis dynamically assembles and maintains an actin-rich cage around the pathogen’s membrane-bound replicative niche, known as the chlamydial inclusion. Through further induction of actin polymerization and modulation of the actin-crosslinking protein myosin II, C. trachomatis promotes egress from the host via extrusion of the inclusion. In this review, we present the experimental findings that can inform our understanding of actin-dependent chlamydial pathogenesis, discuss lingering questions, and identify potential avenues of future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Caven
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Rey A. Carabeo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-836-9778
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
TGF-β Determines the Pro-migratory Potential of bFGF Signaling in Medulloblastoma. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3798-3812.e8. [PMID: 29949765 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment shapes cell behavior and determines metastatic outcomes of tumors. We addressed how microenvironmental cues control tumor cell invasion in pediatric medulloblastoma (MB). We show that bFGF promotes MB tumor cell invasion through FGF receptor (FGFR) in vitro and that blockade of FGFR represses brain tissue infiltration in vivo. TGF-β regulates pro-migratory bFGF function in a context-dependent manner. Under low bFGF, the non-canonical TGF-β pathway causes ROCK activation and cortical translocation of ERK1/2, which antagonizes FGFR signaling by inactivating FGFR substrate 2 (FRS2), and promotes a contractile, non-motile phenotype. Under high bFGF, negative-feedback regulation of FRS2 by bFGF-induced ERK1/2 causes repression of the FGFR pathway. Under these conditions, TGF-β counters inactivation of FRS2 and restores pro-migratory signaling. These findings pinpoint coincidence detection of bFGF and TGF-β signaling by FRS2 as a mechanism that controls tumor cell invasion. Thus, targeting FRS2 represents an emerging strategy to abrogate aberrant FGFR signaling.
Collapse
|
48
|
Amoroso L, Ognibene M, Morini M, Conte M, Di Cataldo A, Tondo A, D'Angelo P, Castellano A, Garaventa A, Lasorsa VA, Podestà M, Capasso M, Pezzolo A. Genomic coamplification of CDK4/MDM2/FRS2 is associated with very poor prognosis and atypical clinical features in neuroblastoma patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 59:277-285. [PMID: 31756773 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial malignant tumor of childhood and is characterized by a broad heterogeneity in clinical presentation and evolution. Recent advances in pangenomic analysis of NB have revealed different recurrent chromosomal aberrations. Indeed, it is now well established that the overall genomic profile is important for treatment stratification. In previous studies, 11 genes were shown to be recurrently amplified (ODC1, ALK, GREB1, NTSR2, LIN28B, MDM2, CDK4, MYEOV, CCND1, TERT, and MYC) besides MYCN, with poor survival of NB patients harboring these amplifications being suggested. Genomic profiles of 628 NB samples analyzed by array-comparative genome hybridization (a-CGH) were re-examined to identify gene amplifications other them MYCN amplification. Clinical data were retrospectively collected. We additionally evaluated the association of FRS2 gene expression with NB patient outcome using the public R2 Platform. We found eight NB samples with high grade amplification of one or two loci on chromosome arm 12q. The regional amplifications were located on bands 12q13.3-q14.1 and 12q15-q21.1 involving the genes CDK4, MDM2, and the potential oncogenic gene FRS2. The CDK4, MDM2, and FRS2 loci were coamplified in 8/8 samples. The 12q amplifications were associated with very poor prognosis and atypical clinical features of NB patients. Further functional and clinical investigations are needed to confirm or refute these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marzia Ognibene
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Morini
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Conte
- UOC Oncologia, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Tondo
- UOC Oncologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Meyer, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Angelo
- UOC Onco-ematologia Pediatrica, Ospedale dei Bambini, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Vito A Lasorsa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pezzolo
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim MH, Jung SY, Song KH, Park JI, Ahn J, Kim EH, Park JK, Hwang SG, Woo HJ, Song JY. A new FGFR inhibitor disrupts the TGF-β1-induced fibrotic process. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:830-840. [PMID: 31692229 PMCID: PMC6933341 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is chronic and irreversible damage to the lung characterized by fibroblast activation and matrix deposition. Although recently approved novel anti‐fibrotic agents can improve the lung function and survival of patients with PF, the overall outcomes remain poor. In this study, a novel imidazopurine compound, 3‐(2‐chloro‐6‐fluorobenzyl)‐1,6,7‐trimethyl‐1H‐imidazo[2,1‐f]purine‐2,4(3H,8H)‐dione (IM‐1918), markedly inhibited transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β‐stimulated reporter activity and reduced the expression of representative fibrotic markers, such as connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin, collagen and α‐smooth muscle actin, on human lung fibroblasts. However, IM‐1918 neither decreased Smad‐2 and Smad‐3 nor affected p38MAPK and JNK. Instead, IM‐1918 reduced Akt and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation increased by TGF‐β. Additionally, IM‐1918 inhibited the phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 3. In a bleomycin‐induced murine lung fibrosis model, IM‐1918 profoundly reduced fibrotic areas and decreased collagen and α‐smooth muscle actin accumulation. These results suggest that IM‐1918 can be applied to treat lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyoung Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Youn Jung
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-In Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Woo
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Furusho M, Ishii A, Hebert JM, Bansal R. Developmental stage-specific role of Frs adapters as mediators of FGF receptor signaling in the oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Glia 2019; 68:617-630. [PMID: 31670856 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
FGF signaling is important for numerous cellular processes and produces diverse cellular responses. Our recent studies using mice conditionally lacking FGF-Receptor-1 (Fgfr1) or Fgfr2 during different stages of myelinogenesis revealed that Fgfr signaling is first required embryonically for the specification of oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs) and then later postnatally for the growth of the myelin sheath during active myelination but not for OPC proliferation, differentiation, or ensheathment of axons. What intracellular signal transduction pathways are recruited immediately downstream of Fgfrs and mediate these distinct developmentally regulated stage-specific responses remain unclear. The adapter protein Fibroblast-Growth-Factor-Receptor-Substrate-2 (Frs2) is considered a key immediate downstream target of Fgfrs. Therefore, here, we investigated the in vivo role of Frs adapters in the oligodendrocyte lineage cells, using a novel genetic approach where mice were engineered to disrupt binding of Frs2 to Fgfr1 or Fgfr2, thus specifically uncoupling Frs2 and Fgfr signaling. In addition, we used conditional mutants with complete ablation of Frs2 and Frs3. We found that Frs2 is required for specification of OPCs in the embryonic telencephalon downstream of Fgfr1. In contrast, Frs2 is largely dispensable for transducing Fgfr2-mediated signals for the growth of the myelin sheath during postnatal myelination, implying the potential involvement of other adapters downstream of Fgfr2 for this function. Together, our data demonstrate a developmental stage-specific function of Frs2 in the oligodendrocyte lineage cells. This contextual requirement of adapter proteins, downstream of Fgfrs, could partly explain the distinct responses elicited by the activation of Fgfrs during different stages of myelinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Furusho
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Akihiro Ishii
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jean M Hebert
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rashmi Bansal
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|