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Liu P, Xie R, Xin G, Sun Y, Su S. Prediction of suitable regions of wild tomato provides insights on domesticated tomato cultivation in China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:693. [PMID: 39039437 PMCID: PMC11265077 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges to the world at present. Tomato is also suffered from devastating yield loss due to climate change. The domesticated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is presumed to be originated from the wild tomato (S. pimpinellifolium). In this study, we compared the climate data of S. pimpinellifollium with the domesticated tomato, predicted the suitable regions of S. pimpinellifollium in China using MaxEnt model and assessed their tolerance to drought stress. We found that the predicted suitable regions of wild tomato are highly consistent with the current cultivated regions of domesticated tomato, suggesting that the habitat demand of domesticated tomato descended largely from its ancestor, hence the habitat information of wild tomato could provide a reference for tomato cultivation. We further predicted suitable regions of wild tomato in the future in China. Finally, we found that while average drought tolerance between wild and domesticated tomato accessions shows no difference, tolerance levels among wild tomato accessions exhibit higher variation, which could be used for future breeding to improve drought resistance. To summarize, our study shows that suitable regions of wild tomato provide insights into domesticated tomato cultivation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Ruohan Xie
- School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Guorong Xin
- School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Yufei Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Shihao Su
- School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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2
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Aitken SN, Jordan R, Tumas HR. Conserving Evolutionary Potential: Combining Landscape Genomics with Established Methods to Inform Plant Conservation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:707-736. [PMID: 38594931 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070523-044239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation requires conserving evolutionary potential-the capacity for wild populations to adapt. Understanding genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics is critical for informing conservation decisions that enhance adaptability and persistence under environmental change. We review how emerging landscape genomic methods provide plant conservation programs with insights into evolutionary dynamics, including local adaptation and its environmental drivers. Landscape genomic approaches that explore relationships between genomic variation and environments complement rather than replace established population genomic and common garden approaches for assessing adaptive phenotypic variation, population structure, gene flow, and demography. Collectively, these approaches inform conservation actions, including genetic rescue, maladaptation prediction, and assisted gene flow. The greatest on-the-ground impacts from such studies will be realized when conservation practitioners are actively engaged in research and monitoring. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics shaping the genetic diversity of wild plant populations will inform plant conservation decisions that enhance the adaptability and persistence of species in an uncertain future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally N Aitken
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; ,
| | | | - Hayley R Tumas
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; ,
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3
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Zhu Q, Wang F, Yi Q, Zhang X, Chen S, Zheng J, Li J, Xu T, Peng D. Modeling soybean cultivation suitability in China and its future trends in climate change scenarios. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118934. [PMID: 37690252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is an important source of oil and vegetable protein and plays a key role in agricultural production and economy. A suitability evaluation of soybean cultivation is important for identifying potential soybean planting areas. Based on the raster data of soybean harvest ratio (FSHA) and climate-soil-topography-socio-economy environmental factors, we used MaxEnt to simulate the soybean planting suitability and potential distribution in China and the future trends of soybean cultivation under climate change. Three shared socio-economic paths (SSPs) that set up in the future climate section were considered, including SSP126 (sustainable path), SSP245 (intermediate path), and SSP585 (fossil fuel dominated development path). The result shows that the suitability of soybean cultivation was primarily influenced by elevation, precipitation of warmest quarter, capacity of the clay fraction, slope, portion of primary industry, topsoil gravel content, mean diurnal temperature range and accumulated temperature ≥10 °C. High-suitability and moderate-suitability area are respectively 26.51 Mha and 41.93 Mha in China. High-suitability areas for soybean are mainly concentrated in the Northeast Plain, the North China Plain and the northern parts of the middle and lower Yangtze River plain. There were many provinces with high soybean planting potential but low development degrees, including Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Tianjin, Jilin, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Hubei and Shaanxi. From 2021 to 2060, the total area highly and moderately suitable for soybean cultivation is projected to increase first and then decrease under both SSP126 and SSP245 scenarios. However, it shows a continued upward trend under SSP585, the rising part accounting for more than 10% in the base of historical data. Specifically, under SSP585, the suitability grade in most parts of Northeast China (eastern Inner Mongolia, northern Heilongjiang and western Jilin and Liaoning) will have a general promotion, opposite to the result under SSP126. Moreover, parts of southwest China (Yunnan, Chongqing, northern Guizhou and eastern Sichuan) may be more suitable for soybean cultivation in both scenarios. This study provides a practical reference for current and future soybean planting layout and relative countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fumin Wang
- Institute of Applied Remote Sensing & Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Qiuxiang Yi
- School of Geomatics and Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 311228, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence, Department of Geography & Geospatial Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Siting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jueyi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tianyue Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dailiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
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4
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Vega M, Quintero-Corrales C, Mastretta-Yanes A, Casas A, López-Hilario V, Wegier A. Multiple domestication events explain the origin of Gossypium hirsutum landraces in Mexico. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9838. [PMID: 36911302 PMCID: PMC9994486 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several Mesoamerican crops constitute wild-to-domesticated complexes generated by multiple initial domestication events, and continuous gene flow among crop populations and between these populations and their wild relatives. It has been suggested that the domestication of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) started in the northwest of the Yucatán Peninsula, from where it spread to other regions inside and outside of Mexico. We tested this hypothesis by assembling chloroplast genomes of 23 wild, landraces, and breeding lines (transgene-introgressed and conventional). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the evolutionary history of cotton in Mexico involves multiple events of introgression and genetic divergence. From this, we conclude that Mexican landraces arose from multiple wild populations. Our results also revealed that their structural and functional chloroplast organizations had been preserved. However, genetic diversity decreases as a consequence of domestication, mainly in transgene-introgressed (TI) individuals (π = 0.00020, 0.00001, 0.00016, 0, and 0, of wild, TI-wild, landraces, TI-landraces, and breeding lines, respectively). We identified homologous regions that differentiate wild from domesticated plants and indicate a relationship among the samples. A decrease in genetic diversity associated with transgene introgression in cotton was identified for the first time, and our outcomes are therefore relevant to both biosecurity and agrobiodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Vega
- Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Christian Quintero-Corrales
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico.,Departamento de Botánica Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Alicia Mastretta-Yanes
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Ciudad de México Mexico.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) Programa de Investigadores e Investigadoras por México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Mexico
| | | | - Ana Wegier
- Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
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5
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Residual Effects of Transgenic Cotton on the Intestinal Microbiota of Dysdercus concinnus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020261. [PMID: 36838225 PMCID: PMC9967337 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction among plants, insects, and microbes (PIM) is a determinant factor for the assembly and functioning of natural and anthropic ecosystems. In agroecosystems, the relationships among PIM are based on the interacting taxa, environmental conditions, and agricultural management, including genetically modified (GM) organisms. Although evidence for the unintended effects of GM plants on non-target insects is increasingly robust, our knowledge remains limited regarding their impact on gut microbes and their repercussions on the host's ecology, especially in the wild. In this study, we compared the gut microbial community of Dysdercus concinnus bugs collected on wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), with and without insecticidal transgenes (cry1ab/ac), in its center of origin and diversity. By sequencing the V4-V5 region of 16S rRNA, we show differences in the diversity, structure, and topology of D. concinnus gut microbial interactions between specimens foraging cotton plants with and without transgenes. Identifying unintended residual effects of genetic engineering in natural ecosystems will provide first-line knowledge for informed decision-making to manage genetic, ecological, and evolutionary resources. Thus, determining which organisms interact with GM plants and how is the first step toward conserving natural ecosystems with evidence of transgenic introgression.
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Clancy MV, Mamin M, Flückiger G, Quijano-Medina T, Pérez-Niño B, Abdala-Roberts L, Turlings TCJ, Bustos-Segura C. Terpene chemotypes in Gossypium hirsutum (wild cotton) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 205:113454. [PMID: 36244403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated plants of Gossypium hirsutum Cav. (cotton) consistently emit low levels of volatile organic compounds, primarily mono- and sesquiterpenoids, which are produced and stored in pigment glands. In this study, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the terpene profiles of wild G. hirsutum plants sourced from sites located throughout natural distribution of this species, thus providing the first in-depth assessment of the scope of its intraspecific chemotypic diversity. Chemotypic variation can potentially influence resistance to herbivory and diseases, or interact with abiotic stress such as extreme temperatures. Under controlled environmental conditions, plants were grown from seeds of sixteen G. hirsutum populations collected along the coastline of the Yucatan Peninsula, which is its likely centre of origin. We found high levels of intraspecific diversity in the terpene profiles of the plants. Two distinct chemotypes were identified: one chemotype contained higher levels of the monoterpenes γ-terpinene, limonene, α-thujene, α-terpinene, terpinolene, and p-cymene, while the other chemotype was distinguished by higher levels of α- and β-pinene. The distribution of chemotypes followed a geographic gradient from west to east, with an increasing frequency of the former chemotype. Concurrent analysis of maternal plants revealed that chemotypes in wild G. hirsutum are highly heritable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Clancy
- University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marine Mamin
- University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Galien Flückiger
- University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Quijano-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xtmakuil s/n, Mérida, Yucatán, 97200, Mexico
| | - Biiniza Pérez-Niño
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xtmakuil s/n, Mérida, Yucatán, 97200, Mexico
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xtmakuil s/n, Mérida, Yucatán, 97200, Mexico
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Carlos Bustos-Segura
- University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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7
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Tobón-Niedfeldt W, Mastretta-Yanes A, Urquiza-Haas T, Goettsch B, Cuervo-Robayo AP, Urquiza-Haas E, Orjuela-R MA, Acevedo Gasman F, Oliveros-Galindo O, Burgeff C, Rivera-Rodríguez DM, Sánchez González JDJ, Alarcón-Guerrero J, Aguilar-Meléndez A, Aragón Cuevas F, Alavez V, Alejandre-Iturbide G, Avendaño-Arrazate CH, Azurdia Pérez C, Delgado-Salinas A, Galán P, González-Ledesma M, Hernández-Ruíz J, Lorea-Hernández FG, Lira Saade R, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez Delcid D, Ruiz-Corral JA, Santos Pérez JJ, Vargas-Ponce O, Vega M, Wegier A, Quintana-Camargo M, Sarukhán J, Koleff P. Incorporating evolutionary and threat processes into crop wild relatives conservation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6254. [PMID: 36271075 PMCID: PMC9587227 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop wild relatives (CWR) intra- and interspecific diversity is essential for crop breeding and food security. However, intraspecific genetic diversity, which is central given the idiosyncratic threats to species in landscapes, is usually not considered in planning frameworks. Here, we introduce an approach to develop proxies of genetic differentiation to identify conservation areas, applying systematic conservation planning tools that produce hierarchical prioritizations of the landscape. It accounts for: (i) evolutionary processes, including historical and environmental drivers of genetic diversity, and (ii) threat processes, considering taxa-specific tolerance to human-modified habitats, and their extinction risk status. Our analyses can be used as inputs for developing national action plans for the conservation and use of CWR. Our results also inform public policy to mitigate threat processes to CWR (like crops living modified organisms or agriculture subsidies), and could advise future research (e.g. for potential germplasm collecting). Although we focus on Mesoamerican CWR within Mexico, our methodology offers opportunities to effectively guide conservation and monitoring strategies to safeguard the evolutionary resilience of any taxa, including in regions of complex evolutionary histories and mosaic landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolke Tobón-Niedfeldt
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Mastretta-Yanes
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Mexico City, Mexico.
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Tania Urquiza-Haas
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bárbara Goettsch
- Cactus and Succulent Plants Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Cambridge, UK
- The Biodiversity Consultancy Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela P Cuervo-Robayo
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Urquiza-Haas
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Andrea Orjuela-R
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Caroline Burgeff
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana M Rivera-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto Tecnológico de Tlajomulco, Tecnológico Nacional de, México, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Jesús Alarcón-Guerrero
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Flavio Aragón Cuevas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Valles Centrales, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Valeria Alavez
- Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Alejandre-Iturbide
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Durango, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Durango, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Galán
- Asociación Jardín Botánico La Laguna, Herbario LAGU, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Manuel González-Ledesma
- Herbario HGOM, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rafael Lira Saade
- Laboratorio de Recursos Naturales, UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aarón Rodríguez
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | | | - José Ariel Ruiz-Corral
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | | | - Ofelia Vargas-Ponce
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Melania Vega
- Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Wegier
- Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - José Sarukhán
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Koleff
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Mexico City, Mexico
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Gálvez-Reyes N, Salvador-Figueroa M, Santini NS, Mastretta-Yanes A, Núñez-Farfán J, Piñero D. Nuclear genetic diversity and structure of Anastrepha ludens wild populations evidenced by microsatellite markers. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.948640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, is an important pest that causes widespread damage to a number of fruit crops in Mexico. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is commonly used for its control. However, the existence of natural barriers can give rise to a population structure in neutral loci and possibly behavioral or adaptive traits that interfere with SIT. For this reason, it is important to understand the genetic diversity and structure of A. ludens populations and to better understand the evolutionary ecology and population processes in view of possible expansions and possible host shifts due to climate change. We genotyped nine nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite loci among fruit fly populations collected from five biogeographic areas within Mexico, namely, the Mexican Plateau, the Northeastern Coastal Plain, the Pacific Coast, the Gulf Coast of Mexico, and the Soconusco, and a laboratory strain. The nuclear genetic diversity was moderate (from He = 0.34 to He = 0.39) within the wild mexfly population. We found that populations were clustered in three genetic groups (K = 3). The diversity and the genetic structure of A. ludens are determined by environmental and geological conditions, as well as local conditions like anthropogenic perturbation, which would produce population expansion and the existence of possible predators that would affect the population density. Gene flow showed recent migration among populations. The laboratory strain showed fewer diversity than the wild samples. Large values of current and ancestral population size suggest high resistance to climatic changes, probably due to biological attributes, such as its polyphagous, multivoltine, and high dispersal characteristics. In particular, ecosystem fragmentation and perturbation as well as the existence of new plant hosts would probably increase the abundance of flies.
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9
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Zhou T, Wang N, Wang Y, Zhang XL, Li BG, Li W, Su JJ, Wang CX, Zhang A, Ma XF, Li ZH. Nucleotide Evolution, Domestication Selection, and Genetic Relationships of Chloroplast Genomes in the Economically Important Crop Genus Gossypium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:873788. [PMID: 35498673 PMCID: PMC9051515 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.873788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) is one of the most economically important crops worldwide, which has experienced the long terms of evolution and domestication process from wild species to cultivated accessions. However, nucleotide evolution, domestication selection, and the genetic relationship of cotton species remain largely to be studied. In this study, we used chloroplast genome sequences to determine the evolutionary rate, domestication selection, and genetic relationships of 72 cotton genotypes (36 cultivated cotton accessions, seven semi-wild races of G. hirsutum, and 29 wild species). Evolutionary analysis showed that the cultivated tetraploid cotton genotypes clustered into a single clade, which also formed a larger lineage with the semi-wild races. Substitution rate analysis demonstrated that the rates of nucleotide substitution and indel variation were higher for the wild species than the semi-wild and cultivated tetraploid lineages. Selection pressure analysis showed that the wild species might have experienced greater selection pressure, whereas the cultivated cotton genotypes underwent artificial and domestication selection. Population clustering analysis indicated that the cultivated cotton accessions and semi-wild races have existed the obviously genetic differentiation. The nucleotide diversity was higher in the semi-wild races compared with the cultivated genotypes. In addition, genetic introgression and gene flow occurred between the cultivated tetraploid cotton and semi-wild genotypes, but mainly via historical rather than contemporary gene flow. These results provide novel molecular mechanisms insights into the evolution and domestication of economically important crop cotton species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xian-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Bao-Guo Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jun-Ji Su
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cai-Xiang Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiong-Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhong-Hu Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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10
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Gbashi S, Adebo O, Adebiyi JA, Targuma S, Tebele S, Areo OM, Olopade B, Odukoya JO, Njobeh P. Food safety, food security and genetically modified organisms in Africa: a current perspective. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2021; 37:30-63. [PMID: 34309495 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2021.1940735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Moving forward from 2020, Africa faces an eminent challenge of food safety and security in the coming years. The World Food Programme (WFP) of the United Nations (UN) estimates that 20% of Africa's population of 1.2 billion people face the highest level of undernourishment in the world, likely to worsen due to COVID-19 pandemic that has brought the entire world to its knees. Factors such as insecurity and conflict, poverty, climate change and population growth have been identified as critical contributors to the food security challenges on the continent. Biotechnological research on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) provides a range of opportunities (such as increased crop yields, resistance to pests and diseases, enhanced nutrient composition and food quality) in addressing the hunger, malnutrition and food security issues on the continent. However, the acceptance and adoption of GMOs on the continent has been remarkably slow, perhaps due to contrasting views about the benefits and safety concerns associated with them. With the reality of food insecurity and the booming population in Africa, there is an eminent need for a more pragmatic position to this debate. The present review presents an overview of the current situation of food safety and security and attempts to reconcile major viewpoints on GMOs research considering the current food safety and security crisis in the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefater Gbashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Adebo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Janet Adeyinka Adebiyi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Sarem Targuma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Shandry Tebele
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701
| | - Oluwaseun Mary Areo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Bunmi Olopade
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, P.M.B. 1023, km 10, Idiroko Road, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Julianah Olayemi Odukoya
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Patrick Njobeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
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11
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Barroso PAV, Hoffmann LV, da Costa NDL. Challenges and Opportunities for in situ Maintenance of the Native Brazilian Cotton Gossypium mustelinum Miers. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.675340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The native Brazilian cotton Gossypium mustelinum has never been planted. It is tetraploid and may cross with cultivated cotton. Endemic to Northeast Brazil, it was known only to grow in semi-arid areas, but expeditions in 2011, 2016, and 2018 localized plants in preservation areas on the coast of Northeast Brazil (in the States of Paraiba and Pernambuco), as predicted before by niche simulations. New climatic modeling shows that new populations can still be found in the Pernambuco semi-arid area, despite the lack of herbarium and germplasm bank information. Historical data show that the preserved populations are in regions where sympatry has not occurred in the last 47 years. Gene flow is unlikely to be a threat, and communication may foster significantly in in situ preservation.
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12
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Alavez V, Cuervo-Robayo ÁP, Martínez-Meyer E, Wegier A. Eco-Geography of Feral Cotton: A Missing Piece in the Puzzle of Gene Flow Dynamics Among Members of Gossypium hirsutum Primary Gene Pool. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.653271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mexico is the center of origin and genetic diversity of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the most important source of natural fiber in the world. Currently, wild and domesticated populations (including genetically modified [GM] varieties) occur in this country and gene flow among them has shaped the species’ genetic diversity and structure, setting a complex and challenging scenario for its conservation. Moreover, recent gene flow from GM cultivars to wild Mexican cotton populations has been reported since 2011. In situ conservation of G. hirsutum requires knowledge about the extent of its geographic distribution, both wild and domesticated, as well as the possible routes and mechanisms that contribute to gene flow between the members of the species wild-to-domesticated continuum (i.e., the primary gene pool). However, little is known about the distribution of feral populations that could facilitate gene flow by acting as bridges. In this study, we analyzed the potential distribution of feral cotton based on an ecological niche modeling approach and discussed its implications in the light of the distribution of wild and domesticated cotton. Then, we examined the processes that could be leading to the escape of seeds from the cultivated fields. Our results indicate that the climatic suitability of feral plants in the environmental and geographic space is broad and overlaps with areas of wild cotton habitat and crop fields, suggesting a region that could bridge cultivated cotton and its wild relatives by allowing gene flow between them. This study provides information for management efforts focused on the conservation of wild populations, native landraces, and non-GM domesticated cotton at its center of origin and genetic diversity.
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13
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Yuan D, Grover CE, Hu G, Pan M, Miller ER, Conover JL, Hunt SP, Udall JA, Wendel JF. Parallel and Intertwining Threads of Domestication in Allopolyploid Cotton. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003634. [PMID: 34026441 PMCID: PMC8132148 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The two cultivated allopolyploid cottons, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense, represent a remarkable example of parallel independent domestication, both involving dramatic morphological transformations under selection from wild perennial plants to annualized row crops. Deep resequencing of 643 newly sampled accessions spanning the wild-to-domesticated continuum of both species, and their allopolyploid relatives, are combined with existing data to resolve species relationships and elucidate multiple aspects of their parallel domestication. It is confirmed that wild G. hirsutum and G. barbadense were initially domesticated in the Yucatan Peninsula and NW South America, respectively, and subsequently spread under domestication over 4000-8000 years to encompass most of the American tropics. A robust phylogenomic analysis of infraspecific relationships in each species is presented, quantify genetic diversity in both, and describe genetic bottlenecks associated with domestication and subsequent diffusion. As these species became sympatric over the last several millennia, pervasive genome-wide bidirectional introgression occurred, often with striking asymmetries involving the two co-resident genomes of these allopolyploids. Diversity scans revealed genomic regions and genes unknowingly targeted during domestication and additional subgenomic asymmetries. These analyses provide a comprehensive depiction of the origin, divergence, and adaptation of cotton, and serve as a rich resource for cotton improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojun Yuan
- Department of EcologyEvolution, and Organismal Biology (EEOB)Bessey HallIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Corrinne E. Grover
- Department of EcologyEvolution, and Organismal Biology (EEOB)Bessey HallIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Guanjing Hu
- Department of EcologyEvolution, and Organismal Biology (EEOB)Bessey HallIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Mengqiao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCotton Hybrid R & D Engineering CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Emma R. Miller
- Department of EcologyEvolution, and Organismal Biology (EEOB)Bessey HallIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Justin L. Conover
- Department of EcologyEvolution, and Organismal Biology (EEOB)Bessey HallIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | | | - Joshua A. Udall
- Crop Germplasm Research UnitUSDA‐ARSCollege StationTX77845USA
| | - Jonathan F. Wendel
- Department of EcologyEvolution, and Organismal Biology (EEOB)Bessey HallIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
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14
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Hernández-Terán A, Navarro-Díaz M, Benítez M, Lira R, Wegier A, Escalante AE. Host genotype explains rhizospheric microbial community composition: the case of wild cotton metapopulations (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Mexico. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5850751. [PMID: 32490512 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhizosphere provides several benefits to the plant host being a strong determinant for its health, growth and productivity. Nonetheless, the factors behind the assembly of the microbial communities associated with the rhizosphere such as the role of plant genotypes are not completely understood. In this study, we tested the role that intraspecific genetic variation has in rhizospheric microbial community assemblages, using genetically distinct wild cotton populations as a model of study. We followed a common garden experiment including five wild cotton populations, controlling for plant genotypes, environmental conditions and soil microbial community inoculum, to test for microbial differences associated with genetic variation of the plant hosts. Microbial communities of the treatments were characterized by culture-independent 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with Illumina MiSeq platform. We analyzed microbial community diversity (alpha and beta), and diversity structure of such communities, determined by co-occurrence networks. Results show that different plant genotypes select for different and specific microbial communities from a common inoculum. Although we found common amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) to all plant populations (235), we also found unique ASVs for different populations that could be related to potential functional role of such ASVs in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Hernández-Terán
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcelo Navarro-Díaz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Benítez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Lira
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54090, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Wegier
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana E Escalante
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Vázquez-Barrios V, Boege K, Sosa-Fuentes TG, Rojas P, Wegier A. Ongoing ecological and evolutionary consequences by the presence of transgenes in a wild cotton population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1959. [PMID: 33479296 PMCID: PMC7820435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After 25 years of genetically modified cotton cultivation in Mexico, gene flow between transgenic individuals and their wild relatives represents an opportunity for analysing the impacts of the presence of novel genes in ecological and evolutionary processes in natural conditions. We show comprehensive empirical evidence on the physiological, metabolic, and ecological effects of transgene introgression in wild cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. We report that the expression of both the cry and cp4-epsps genes in wild cotton under natural conditions altered extrafloral nectar inducibility and thus, its association with different ant species: the dominance of the defensive species Camponotus planatus in Bt plants, the presence of cp4-epsps without defence role of Monomorium ebeninum ants, and of the invasive species Paratrechina longicornis in wild plants without transgenes. Moreover, we found an increase in herbivore damage to cp4-epsps plants. Our results reveal the influence of transgene expression on native ecological interactions. These findings can be useful in the design of risk assessment methodologies for genetically modified organisms and the in situ conservation of G. hirsutum metapopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Vázquez-Barrios
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico ,grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Boege
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tania Gabriela Sosa-Fuentes
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Rojas
- grid.452507.10000 0004 1798 0367Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Ana Wegier
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Then C, Kawall K, Valenzuela N. Spatiotemporal Controllability and Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Engineered Gene Drive Organisms from the Perspective of European Union Genetically Modified Organism Regulation. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:555-568. [PMID: 32250054 PMCID: PMC7496464 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Gene drive organisms are a recent development created by using methods of genetic engineering; they inherit genetic constructs that are passed on to future generations with a higher probability than with Mendelian inheritance. There are some specific challenges inherent to the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically engineered (GE) gene drive organisms because subsequent generations of these GE organisms might show effects that were not observed or intended in the former generations. Unintended effects can emerge from interaction of the gene drive construct with the heterogeneous genetic background of natural populations and/or be triggered by changing environmental conditions. This is especially relevant in the case of gene drives with invasive characteristics and typically takes dozens of generations to render the desired effect. Under these circumstances, "next generation effects" can substantially increase the spatial and temporal complexity associated with a high level of uncertainty in ERA. To deal with these problems, we suggest the introduction of a new additional step in the ERA of GE gene drive organisms that takes 3 criteria into account: the biology of the target organisms, their naturally occurring interactions with the environment (biotic and abiotic), and their intended biological characteristics introduced by genetic engineering. These 3 criteria are merged to form an additional step in ERA, combining specific "knowns" and integrating areas of "known unknowns" and uncertainties, with the aim of assessing the spatiotemporal controllability of GE gene drive organisms. The establishment of assessing spatiotemporal controllability can be used to define so-called "cut-off criteria" in the risk analysis of GE gene drive organisms: If it is likely that GE gene drive organisms escape spatiotemporal controllability, the risk assessment cannot be sufficiently reliable because it is not conclusive. Under such circumstances, the environmental release of the GE gene drive organisms would not be compatible with the precautionary principle (PP). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:555-568. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Then
- Testbiotech e.V., Institute for Independent Impact Assessment of BiotechnologyMunichGermany
| | | | - Nina Valenzuela
- Testbiotech e.V., Institute for Independent Impact Assessment of BiotechnologyMunichGermany
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17
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Gering E, Incorvaia D, Henriksen R, Conner J, Getty T, Wright D. Getting Back to Nature: Feralization in Animals and Plants. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:1137-1151. [PMID: 31488326 PMCID: PMC7479514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Formerly domesticated organisms and artificially selected genes often escape controlled cultivation, but their subsequent evolution is not well studied. In this review, we examine plant and animal feralization through an evolutionary lens, including how natural selection, artificial selection, and gene flow shape feral genomes, traits, and fitness. Available evidence shows that feralization is not a mere reversal of domestication. Instead, it is shaped by the varied and complex histories of feral populations, and by novel selection pressures. To stimulate further insight we outline several future directions. These include testing how 'domestication genes' act in wild settings, studying the brains and behaviors of feral animals, and comparative analyses of feral populations and taxa. This work offers feasible and exciting research opportunities with both theoretical and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eben Gering
- Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA.
| | - Darren Incorvaia
- Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rie Henriksen
- IIFM Biology and AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Conner
- Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Kellogg Biological Station and Dept. of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Getty
- Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dominic Wright
- IIFM Biology and AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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18
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Hernández-Terán A, Wegier A, Benítez M, Lira R, Sosa Fuentes TG, Escalante AE. In vitro performance in cotton plants with different genetic backgrounds: the case of Gossypium hirsutum in Mexico, and its implications for germplasm conservation. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7017. [PMID: 31218120 PMCID: PMC6563797 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the best ex situ conservation strategies for wild germplasm is in vitro conservation of genetic banks. The success of in vitro conservation relies heavily on the micropropagation or performance of the species of interest. In the context of global change, crop production challenges and climate change, we face a reality of intensified crop production strategies, including genetic engineering, which can negatively impact biodiversity conservation. However, the possible consequences of transgene presence for the in vitro performance of populations and its implications for biodiversity conservation are poorly documented. In this study we analyzed experimental evidence of the potential effects of transgene presence on the in vitro performance of Gossypium hirsutum L. populations, representing the Mexican genetic diversity of the species, and reflect on the implications of such presence for ex situ genetic conservation of the natural variation of the species. We followed an experimental in vitro performance approach, in which we included individuals from different wild cotton populations as well as individuals from domesticated populations, in order to differentiate the effects of domestication traits dragged into the wild germplasm pool via gene flow from the effects of transgene presence. We evaluated the in vitro performance of five traits related to plant establishment (N = 300): propagation rate, leaf production rate, height increase rate, microbial growth and root development. Then we conducted statistical tests (PERMANOVA, Wilcoxon post-hoc tests, and NMDS multivariate analyses) to evaluate the differences in the in vitro performance of the studied populations. Although direct causality of the transgenes to observed phenotypes requires strict control of genotypes, the overall results suggest detrimental consequences for the in vitro culture performance of wild cotton populations in the presence of transgenes. This provides experimental, statistically sound evidence to support the implementation of transgene screening of plants to reduce time and economic costs in in vitro establishment, thus contributing to the overarching goal of germplasm conservation for future adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Hernández-Terán
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Wegier
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Benítez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Lira
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes, Mexico
| | | | - Ana E Escalante
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Zhang B. Transgenic Cotton: From Biotransformation Methods to Agricultural Application. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2018; 1902:3-16. [PMID: 30543057 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8952-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic cotton is among the first transgenic plants commercially adopted around the world. Since it was first introduced into the field in the middle of the 1990s, transgenic cotton has been quickly adopted by cotton farmers in many developed and developing countries. Transgenic cotton has offered many important environmental, social, and economic benefits, including reduced usage of pesticides, indirect increase of yield, minimizing environmental pollution, and reducing labor and cost. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method is the major method for obtaining transgenic cotton. However, pollen tube pathway-mediated method is also used, particularly by scientists in China, to breed commercial transgenic cotton. Although transgenic cotton plants with disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and improved fiber quality have been developed in the past decades, insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant cottons are the two dominant cottons in transgenic cotton market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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20
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Pan X. Determining Pollen-Mediated Gene Flow in Transgenic Cotton. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1902:309-321. [PMID: 30543081 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8952-2_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Gene flow is one of the major concerns associated with the release of transgenic plants into the environment. Unrestricted gene flow can results in super weeds, reduction in species fitness and genetic diversity, and contamination of traditional plants and foods. Thus, it is important and also necessary to evaluate the extent of gene flow in the field for transgenic plants already released or being considered for a release. Transgenic cotton is among the first transgenic crops for commercialization, which are widely cultivated around the world. In this chapter, we use transgenic insect-resistant cotton and herbicide-tolerant cotton as two examples to present a field practice method for determining transgene flow in cotton. The procedure includes three major sections: (1) field design, (2) seed collection, and (3) field and lab bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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21
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Li P, Kirungu JN, Lu H, Magwanga RO, Lu P, Cai X, Zhou Z, Wang X, Hou Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Peng R, Cai Y, Zhou Y, Wang K, Liu F. SSR-Linkage map of interspecific populations derived from Gossypium trilobum and Gossypium thurberi and determination of genes harbored within the segregating distortion regions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207271. [PMID: 30419064 PMCID: PMC6231669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild cotton species have significant agronomic traits that can be introgressed into elite cultivated varieties. The use of a genetic map is important in exploring, identification and mining genes which carry significant traits. In this study, 188 F2mapping individuals were developed from Gossypium thurberi (female) and Gossypium trilobum (male), and were genotyped by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 12,560 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, developed by Southwest University, thus coded SWU were screened out of which only 994 were found to be polymorphic, and 849 markers were linked in all the 13 chromosomes. The map had a length of 1,012.458 cM with an average marker distance of 1.193 cM. Segregation distortion regions (SDRs) were observed on Chr01, Chr02, Chr06, Chr07 Chr09, Chr10 and Chr11 with a large proportion of the SDR regions segregating towards the heterozygous allele. There was good syntenic block formation that revealed good collinearity between the genetic and physical map of G. raimondii, compared to the Dt_sub genome of the G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. A total of 2,496 genes were mined within the SSR related regions. The proteins encoding the mined genes within the SDR had varied physiochemical properties; their molecular weights ranged from 6.586 to 252.737 kDa, charge range of -39.5 to 52, grand hydropathy value (GRAVY) of -1.177 to 0.936 and isoelectric (pI) value of 4.087 to 12.206. The low GRAVY values detected showed that the proteins encoding these genes were hydrophilic in nature, a property common among the stress responsive genes. The RNA sequence analysis revealed more of the genes were highly upregulated in various stages of fiber development for instance; Gorai.002G241300 was highly up regulated at 5, 10, 20 and 25 day post anthesis (DPA). Validation through RT-qPCR further revealed that these genes mined within the SDR regions might be playing a significant role under fiber development stages, therefore we infer that Gorai.007G347600 (TFCA), Gorai.012G141600 (FOLB1), Gorai.006G024500 (NMD3), Gorai.002G229900 (LST8) and Gorai.002G235200 (NSA2) are significantly important in fiber development and in turn the quality, and further researches needed to be done to elucidate their exact roles in the fiber development process. The construction of the genetic map between the two wild species paves away for the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) since the average distance between the markers is small, and mining of genes on the SSR regions will provide an insight in identifying key genes that can be introgressed into the cultivated cotton cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
- School of Life Science, Henan University/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Joy Nyangasi Kirungu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Hejun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Richard Odongo Magwanga
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
- School of Biological and Physical Sciences (SBPS), Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo- Kenya
| | - Pu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Renhai Peng
- Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yingfan Cai
- School of Life Science, Henan University/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- School of Life Science, Henan University/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (KW); (FL)
| | - Kunbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (KW); (FL)
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology /Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (KW); (FL)
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22
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Ellstrand NC. "Born to Run"? Not Necessarily: Species and Trait Bias in Persistent Free-Living Transgenic Plants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:88. [PMID: 30018952 PMCID: PMC6037855 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of transgenes from engineered plants ending up in unmanaged populations with undesirable consequences has been a long-term biosafety concern. Experience with traditionally improved plants reveals that most cases of such gene escape have been of little consequence, but on occasion they have led to the evolution of problematic plants or have resulted in an increased extinction risk for wild taxa. Three decades have passed since the first environmental release of transgenic plants, and more than two decades since their first commercialization. Examples of transgenes gone astray are increasingly commonplace. Transgenic individuals have been identified in more than a thousand free-living plant populations. Here I review 14 well-documented consolidated “cases” in which transgenes have found their way into free-living plant populations. Some as transient volunteers; others appear to be persistent transgenic populations. The species involved in the latter are not representative of the current commercialized transgenic crops as whole. They tend to share certain traits that are absent or rare in the transgenic crops that do not exist as persistent populations. The traits commonly occurring in species with persistent transgenic free-living populations are the following, in descending order of importance: (1) a history of occurring as non-transgenic free-living plants, (2) fruits fully or partially shattering prior to harvest, (3) have small or otherwise easily dispersed seeds, either spontaneously or by seed spillage along the supply chain from harvest to consumer, (4) ability to disperse viable pollen, especially to a kilometer or more, (5) perennial habit, and (6) the transgene's fitness effects in the recipient environment are beneficial or neutral. Based on these observations, a thought experiment posits which species might be the next to be reported to occur as free-living transgenic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman C Ellstrand
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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23
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Rocha-Munive MG, Soberón M, Castañeda S, Niaves E, Scheinvar E, Eguiarte LE, Mota-Sánchez D, Rosales-Robles E, Nava-Camberos U, Martínez-Carrillo JL, Blanco CA, Bravo A, Souza V. Evaluation of the Impact of Genetically Modified Cotton After 20 Years of Cultivation in Mexico. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:82. [PMID: 29988354 PMCID: PMC6023983 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 20 years cotton has been the most widely sown genetically modified (GM) crop in Mexico. Its cultivation has fulfilled all requirements and has gone through the different regulatory stages. During the last 20 years, both research-institutions and biotech-companies have generated scientific and technical information regarding GM cotton cultivation in Mexico. In this work, we collected data in order to analyze the environmental and agronomic effects of the use of GM cotton in Mexico. In 1996, the introduction of Bt cotton made it possible to reactivate this crop, which in previous years was greatly reduced due to pest problems, production costs and environmental concerns. Bt cotton is a widely accepted tool for cotton producers and has proven to be efficient for the control of lepidopteran pests. The economic benefits of its use are variable, and depend on factors such as the international cotton-prices and other costs associated with its inputs. So far, the management strategies used to prevent development of insect resistance to GM cotton has been successful, and there are no reports of insect resistance development to Bt cotton in Mexico. In addition, no effects have been observed on non-target organisms. For herbicide tolerant cotton, the prevention of herbicide resistance has also been successful since unlike other countries, the onset of resistance weeds is still slow, apparently due to cultural practices and rotation of different herbicides. Environmental benefits have been achieved with a reduction in chemical insecticide applications and the subsequent decrease in primary pest populations, so that the inclusion of other technologies—e.g., use of non-Bt cotton- can be explored. Nevertheless, control measures need to be implemented during transport of the bolls and fiber to prevent dispersal of volunteer plants and subsequent gene flow to wild relatives distributed outside the GM cotton growing areas. It is still necessary to implement national research programs, so that biotechnology and plant breeding advances can be used in the development of cotton varieties adapted to the Mexican particular environmental conditions and to control insect pests of regional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha G Rocha-Munive
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario Soberón
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Saúl Castañeda
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Esteban Niaves
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Scheinvar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis E Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - David Mota-Sánchez
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Urbano Nava-Camberos
- Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia/Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos A Blanco
- Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Valeria Souza
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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24
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Velázquez-López R, Wegier A, Alavez V, Pérez-López J, Vázquez-Barrios V, Arroyo-Lambaer D, Ponce-Mendoza A, Kunin WE. The Mating System of the Wild-to-Domesticated Complex of Gossypium hirsutum L. Is Mixed. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:574. [PMID: 29868048 PMCID: PMC5954804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The domestication syndrome of many plants includes changes in their mating systems. The evolution of the latter is shaped by ecological and genetic factors that are particular to an area. Thus, the reproductive biology of wild relatives must be studied in their natural distribution to understand the mating system of a crop species as a whole. Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) includes both domesticated varieties and wild populations of the same species. Most studies on mating systems describe cultivated cotton as self-pollinated, while studies on pollen dispersal report outcrossing; however, the mating system of upland cotton has not been described as mixed and little is known about its wild relatives. In this study we selected two wild metapopulations for comparison with domesticated plants and one metapopulation with evidence of recent gene flow between wild relatives and the crop to evaluate the mating system of cotton's wild-to-domesticated complex. Using classic reproductive biology methods, our data demonstrate that upland cotton presents a mixed mating system throughout the complex. Given cotton's capacity for outcrossing, differences caused by the domestication process in cultivated individuals can have consequences for its wild relatives. This characterization of the diversity of the wild relatives in their natural distribution, as well as their interactions with the crop, will be useful to design and implement adequate strategies for conservation and biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Velázquez-López
- Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Wegier
- Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valeria Alavez
- Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Pérez-López
- Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valeria Vázquez-Barrios
- Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Denise Arroyo-Lambaer
- Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - William E. Kunin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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25
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Fang J, Nan P, Gu Z, Ge X, Feng YQ, Lu BR. Overexpressing Exogenous 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase (EPSPS) Genes Increases Fecundity and Auxin Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:233. [PMID: 29535747 PMCID: PMC5835131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic glyphosate-tolerant plants overproducing EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) may exhibit enhanced fitness in glyphosate-free environments. If so, introgression of transgenes overexpressing EPSPS into wild relative species may lead to increased competitiveness of crop-wild hybrids, resulting in unpredicted environmental impact. Assessing fitness effects of transgenes overexpressing EPSPS in a model plant species can help address this question, while elucidating how overproducing EPSPS affects the fitness-related traits of plants. We produced segregating T2 and T3Arabidopsis thaliana lineages with or without a transgene overexpressing EPSPS isolated from rice or Agrobacterium (CP4). For each of the three transgenes, we compared glyphosate tolerance, some fitness-related traits, and auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) content in transgene-present, transgene-absent, empty vector (EV), and parental lineages in a common-garden experiment. We detected substantially increased glyphosate tolerance in T2 plants of transgene-present lineages that overproduced EPSPS. We also documented significant increases in fecundity, which was associated with increased auxin content in T3 transgene-present lineages containing rice EPSPS genes, compared with their segregating transgene-absent lineages, EV, and parental controls. Our results from Arabidopsis with nine transgenic events provide a strong support to the hypothesis that transgenic plants overproducing EPSPS can benefit from a fecundity advantage in glyphosate-free environments. Stimulated biosynthesis of auxin, an important plant growth hormone, by overproducing EPSPS may play a role in enhanced fecundity of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The obtained knowledge is useful for assessing environmental impact caused by introgression of transgenes overproducing EPSPS from any GE crop into populations of its wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Nan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Rong Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Kirungu JN, Deng Y, Cai X, Magwanga RO, Zhou Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wang K, Liu F. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Genetic Linkage Map of D Genome Diploid Cotton Derived from an Interspecific Cross between Gossypium davidsonii and Gossypium klotzschianum. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E204. [PMID: 29324636 PMCID: PMC5796153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge in tetraploid cotton cultivars is the narrow genetic base and therefore, the bottleneck is how to obtain interspecific hybrids and introduce the germplasm directly from wild cotton to elite cultivars. Construction of genetic maps has provided insight into understanding the genome structure, interrelationships between organisms in relation to evolution, and discovery of genes that carry important agronomic traits in plants. In this study, we generated an interspecific hybrid between two wild diploid cottons, Gossypium davidsonii and Gossypium klotzschianum, and genotyped 188 F2:3 populations in order to develop a genetic map. We screened 12,560 SWU Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primers and obtained 1000 polymorphic markers which accounted for only 8%. A total of 928 polymorphic primers were successfully scored and only 728 were effectively linked across the 13 chromosomes, but with an asymmetrical distribution. The map length was 1480.23 cM, with an average length of 2.182 cM between adjacent markers. A high percentage of the markers on the map developed, and for the physical map of G. raimondii, exhibited highly significant collinearity, with two types of duplication. High level of segregation distortion was observed. A total of 27 key genes were identified with diverse roles in plant hormone signaling, development, and defense reactions. The achievement of developing the F2:3 population and its genetic map constructions may be a landmark in establishing a new tool for the genetic improvement of cultivars from wild plants in cotton. Our map had an increased recombination length compared to other maps developed from other D genome cotton species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Nyangasi Kirungu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yanfeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Richard Odongo Magwanga
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
- School of Biological and Physical Sciences (SBPS), Main Campus, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Main Campus, P.O. Box 210-40601 Bondo, Kenya.
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Zhenmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Kunbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
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27
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Garcia Ruiz MT, Knapp AN, Garcia-Ruiz H. Profile of genetically modified plants authorized in Mexico. GM CROPS & FOOD 2018; 9:152-168. [PMID: 30388927 PMCID: PMC6277063 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2018.1507601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mexico is a center of origin for several economically important plants including maize, cotton, and cocoa. Maize represents more than a food crop, has been declared a biological, cultural, agricultural and economic patrimony, and is linked to the national identity of Mexicans. In this review, we describe the historic and current use of genetically modified plants in Mexico and factors that contributed to the development of the biosafety regulation. We developed a database containing all permit applications received by the government to release genetically modified plants. A temporal and geographical analysis identified the plant species that have been authorized for experimental purposes, pilot programs, or commercial production, the geographic areas where they have been released, and the traits that have been introduced. Results show that Mexico has faced a dual challenge: accepting the benefits of genetically modified plants and their products, while protecting native plant biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron N. Knapp
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
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28
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Iriondo JM, Milla R, Volis S, Rubio de Casas R. Reproductive traits and evolutionary divergence between Mediterranean crops and their wild relatives. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20 Suppl 1:78-88. [PMID: 28976618 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in reproductive traits associated with domestication critically determine the evolutionary divergence between crops and their wild relatives, as well as the potential of crop plants to become feral. In this review, we examine the genetic mechanisms of plant domestication and the different types of selection involved, and describe the particularities of domestication of Mediterranean field crops with regard to their reproductive traits, showing illustrative examples. We also explore gene flow patterns between Mediterranean field crops and their wild relatives, along with their ecological, evolutionary and economic implications. Domestication entails multiple selective processes, including direct selection, environmental adaptation and developmental constraints. In contrast to clonal propagation in perennials, sexual reproduction and seed propagation in annuals and biennials have led to a distinct pathway of evolution of reproductive traits. Thus, the initial domestication and further breeding of Mediterranean field crops has brought about changes in reproductive traits, such as higher mean values and variance of seed and fruit sizes, reduced fruit and seed toxicity, non-shattering seeds and loss of seed dormancy. Evolution under domestication is not a linear process, and bi-directional gene flow between wild and crop taxa is a frequent phenomenon. Thus, hybridisation and introgression have played a very important role in determining the genetics of current cultivars. In turn, gene flow from crops to wild relatives can lead to introgression of crop genes into wild populations and potentially alter the characteristics of natural communities. In conclusion, plant evolution under domestication has not only changed the reproductive biology of cultivated taxa, its effects are multifaceted and have implications beyond agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Iriondo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Milla
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Volis
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - R Rubio de Casas
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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29
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Hernández-Terán A, Wegier A, Benítez M, Lira R, Escalante AE. Domesticated, Genetically Engineered, and Wild Plant Relatives Exhibit Unintended Phenotypic Differences: A Comparative Meta-Analysis Profiling Rice, Canola, Maize, Sunflower, and Pumpkin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2030. [PMID: 29259610 PMCID: PMC5723393 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Agronomic management of plants is a powerful evolutionary force acting on their populations. The management of cultivated plants is carried out by the traditional process of human selection or plant breeding and, more recently, by the technologies used in genetic engineering (GE). Even though crop modification through GE is aimed at specific traits, it is possible that other non-target traits can be affected by genetic modification due to the complex regulatory processes of plant metabolism and development. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis profiling the phenotypic consequences of plant breeding and GE, and compared modified cultivars with wild relatives in five crops of global economic and cultural importance: rice, maize, canola, sunflower, and pumpkin. For these five species, we analyzed the literature with documentation of phenotypic traits that are potentially related to fitness for the same species in comparable conditions. The information was analyzed to evaluate whether the different processes of modification had influenced the phenotype in such a way as to cause statistical differences in the state of specific phenotypic traits or grouping of the organisms depending on their genetic origin [wild, domesticated with genetic engineering (domGE), and domesticated without genetic engineering (domNGE)]. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that, given that transgenic plants are a construct designed to impact, in many cases, a single trait of the plant (e.g., lepidopteran resistance), the phenotypic differences between domGE and domNGE would be either less (or inexistent) than between the wild and domesticated relatives (either domGE or domNGE). We conclude that (1) genetic modification (either by selective breeding or GE) can be traced phenotypically when comparing wild relatives with their domesticated relatives (domGE and domNGE) and (2) the existence and the magnitude of the phenotypic differences between domGE and domNGE of the same crop suggest consequences of genetic modification beyond the target trait(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Hernández-Terán
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Wegier
- Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Benítez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Lira
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana E. Escalante
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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30
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Montes E, Coriton O, Eber F, Huteau V, Lacape JM, Reinhardt C, Marais D, Hofs JL, Chèvre AM, Pannetier C. Assessment of Gene Flow Between Gossypium hirsutum and G. herbaceum: Evidence of Unreduced Gametes in the Diploid Progenitor. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2017; 7:2185-2193. [PMID: 28546386 PMCID: PMC5499127 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.041509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the framework of a gene flow assessment, we investigated the natural hybridization rate between Gossypium hirsutum (AADD genome) and G. herbaceum (AA genome). The latter species, a diploid progenitor of G. hirsutum, is spontaneously present in South Africa. Reciprocal crosses were performed without emasculation between G. herbaceum and G. hirsutum Neither examination of the morphological characteristics nor flow cytometry analysis of the 335 plants resulting from the G. hirsutum × G. herbaceum cross showed any hybrid features. Of the 148 plants produced from the G. herbaceum × G. hirsutum cross, three showed a hybrid phenotype, and their hybrid status was confirmed by SSR markers. Analysis of DNA content by flow cytometry and morphological traits clearly showed that two of these plants were triploid (AAD). The third plant had a flow cytometry DNA content slightly higher than G. hirsutum In addition, its morphological characteristics (plant architecture, presence and size of petal spots, leaf shape) led us to conclude that this plant was AAAD thus resulting from fertilization with an unreduced AA gamete of the female G. herbaceum parent. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and meiotic behavior confirmed this hypothesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of such gametes in G. herbaceum, and it opens new avenues in breeding programs. Furthermore, this plant material could provide a useful tool for studying the expression of genes duplicated in the A and D cotton genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Montes
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - O Coriton
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes I., BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - F Eber
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes I., BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - V Huteau
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes I., BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - J M Lacape
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - C Reinhardt
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - D Marais
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - J L Hofs
- CIRAD, UR AIDA, Agro-écologie et Intensification Durable des cultures Annuelles, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - A M Chèvre
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes I., BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - C Pannetier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales, 34398 Montpellier, France
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Marcellini S, González F, Sarrazin AF, Pabón-Mora N, Benítez M, Piñeyro-Nelson A, Rezende GL, Maldonado E, Schneider PN, Grizante MB, Da Fonseca RN, Vergara-Silva F, Suaza-Gaviria V, Zumajo-Cardona C, Zattara EE, Casasa S, Suárez-Baron H, Brown FD. Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo) Research in Latin America. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2016; 328:5-40. [PMID: 27491339 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Famous for its blind cavefish and Darwin's finches, Latin America is home to some of the richest biodiversity hotspots of our planet. The Latin American fauna and flora inspired and captivated naturalists from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including such notable pioneers such as Fritz Müller, Florentino Ameghino, and Léon Croizat who made a significant contribution to the study of embryology and evolutionary thinking. But, what are the historical and present contributions of the Latin American scientific community to Evo-Devo? Here, we provide the first comprehensive overview of the Evo-Devo laboratories based in Latin America and describe current lines of research based on endemic species, focusing on body plans and patterning, systematics, physiology, computational modeling approaches, ecology, and domestication. Literature searches reveal that Evo-Devo in Latin America is still in its early days; while showing encouraging indicators of productivity, it has not stabilized yet, because it relies on few and sparsely distributed laboratories. Coping with the rapid changes in national scientific policies and contributing to solve social and health issues specific to each region are among the main challenges faced by Latin American researchers. The 2015 inaugural meeting of the Pan-American Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology played a pivotal role in bringing together Latin American researchers eager to initiate and consolidate regional and worldwide collaborative networks. Such networks will undoubtedly advance research on the extremely high genetic and phenotypic biodiversity of Latin America, bound to be an almost infinite source of amazement and fascinating findings for the Evo-Devo community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Marcellini
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Evolución, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Favio González
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andres F Sarrazin
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Mariana Benítez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alma Piñeyro-Nelson
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gustavo L Rezende
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, CBB, LQFPP, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Maldonado
- EvoDevo Lab, Unidad de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Nunes Da Fonseca
- Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento SócioAmbiental de Macaé (NUPEM), Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macae, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sofia Casasa
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Federico D Brown
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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32
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Ridley CE, Alexander LC. Applying gene flow science to environmental policy needs: a boundary work perspective. Evol Appl 2016; 9:924-36. [PMID: 27468309 PMCID: PMC4947153 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One application of gene flow science is the policy arena. In this article, we describe two examples in which the topic of gene flow has entered into the U.S. national environmental policymaking process: regulation of genetically engineered crops and clarification of the jurisdictional scope of the Clean Water Act. We summarize both current scientific understanding and the legal context within which gene flow science has relevance. We also discuss the process by which scientific knowledge has been synthesized and communicated to decision-makers in these two contexts utilizing the concept of 'boundary work'. Boundary organizations, the work they engage in to bridge the worlds of science, policy, and practice, and the boundary objects they produce to translate scientific knowledge existed in both examples. However, the specific activities and attributes of the objects produced varied based on the needs of the decision-makers. We close with suggestions for how scientists can contribute to or engage in boundary work with policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E. Ridley
- National Center for Environmental AssessmentU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and DevelopmentWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Laurie C. Alexander
- National Center for Environmental AssessmentU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and DevelopmentWashingtonDCUSA
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33
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Greene SL, Kesoju SR, Martin RC, Kramer M. Occurrence of Transgenic Feral Alfalfa (Medicago sativa subsp. sativa L.) in Alfalfa Seed Production Areas in the United States. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143296. [PMID: 26699337 PMCID: PMC4689365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential environmental risks of transgene exposure are not clear for alfalfa (Medicago sativa subsp. sativa), a perennial crop that is cross-pollinated by insects. We gathered data on feral alfalfa in major alfalfa seed-production areas in the western United States to (1) evaluate evidence that feral transgenic plants spread transgenes and (2) determine environmental and agricultural production factors influencing the location of feral alfalfa, especially transgenic plants. Road verges in Fresno, California; Canyon, Idaho; and Walla Walla, Washington were surveyed in 2011 and 2012 for feral plants, and samples were tested for the CP4 EPSPS protein that conveys resistance to glyphosate. Of 4580 sites surveyed, feral plants were observed at 404 sites. Twenty-seven percent of these sites had transgenic plants. The frequency of sites having transgenic feral plants varied among our study areas. Transgenic plants were found in 32.7%, 21.4.7% and 8.3% of feral plant sites in Fresno, Canyon and Walla Walla, respectively. Spatial analysis suggested that feral populations started independently and tended to cluster in seed and hay production areas, places where seed tended to drop. Significant but low spatial auto correlation suggested that in some instances, plants colonized nearby locations. Neighboring feral plants were frequently within pollinator foraging range; however, further research is needed to confirm transgene flow. Locations of feral plant clusters were not well predicted by environmental and production variables. However, the likelihood of seed spillage during production and transport had predictive value in explaining the occurrence of transgenic feral populations. Our study confirms that genetically engineered alfalfa has dispersed into the environment, and suggests that minimizing seed spillage and eradicating feral alfalfa along road sides would be effective strategies to minimize transgene dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Greene
- Plant and Animal Genetic Resource Preservation Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sandya R. Kesoju
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ruth C. Martin
- Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Matthew Kramer
- Statistics Group, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
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Hanan-A AM, Vibrans H, Cacho NI, Villaseñor JL, Ortiz E, Gómez-G VA. Use of herbarium data to evaluate weediness in five congeners. AOB PLANTS 2015; 8:plv144. [PMID: 26672076 PMCID: PMC4740360 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is often desirable to quantify a plant's relative weediness or synanthropy, that is, the degree to which a species associates with human-caused disturbance, in order to study and understand the biology, ecology and evolution of weeds and invasive plants. Herbarium specimens are among the most accessible and verifiable sources of data on distribution and habitat. However, the habitat distribution of species may not be reflected accurately by herbarium specimen data, due to well-known biases in plant collection. Here, we assess how well herbarium specimens reflect species' weediness, when compared with direct field surveys. We used five species of Melampodium (Asteraceae) and classified their degree of weediness with a modification of Nuorteva's synanthropy index, based on herbarium specimens. We then modelled the distribution of our focal species in Mexico using MaxEnt and identified a polygon of ∼3000 km(2) in the state of Nayarit, Mexico, where there was a high probability of finding all five species. Systematic field searches in the target area documented all visible populations of four species along major and minor roads. Then we, again, classified their degree of weediness with the synanthropy index, based now on field data, and compared. We found that herbarium data were an accurate predictor of a species' weediness relative to its congeners despite the well-documented skew of herbarium data towards natural areas, which our data reflected as well. So, herbarium data can be used to classify species' weediness relative to each other, but not in absolute terms, if the specimens were correctly identified and none of the species were subject to particular collection bias. This study is the first attempt to compare herbarium and field data on this subject and may be relevant for other types of investigations based on herbarium data. Our work also highlights the usefulness of distribution models based on herbarium specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Hanan-A
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela Km 9, Xalisco 63780, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Heike Vibrans
- Postgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, 56230 Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - N Ivalú Cacho
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - José L Villaseñor
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ortiz
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Vinicio A Gómez-G
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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35
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Dyer RJ. Population Graphs and Landscape Genetics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney J. Dyer
- Department of Biology and Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2012;
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36
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Cruz-Reyes R, Ávila-Sakar G, Sánchez-Montoya G, Quesada M. Experimental assessment of gene flow between transgenic squash and a wild relative in the center of origin of cucurbits. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es15-00304.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Convincing evidence has accumulated that unintended transgene escape occurs in oilseed rape, maize, cotton and creeping bentgrass. The escaped transgenes are found in variant cultivars, in wild type plants as well as in hybrids of sexually compatible species. The fact that in some cases stacked events are present that have not been planted commercially, implies unintended recombination of transgenic traits. As the consequences of this continuous transgene escape for the ecosystem cannot be reliably predicted, I propose to use more sophisticated approaches of gene technology in future. If possible GM plants should be constructed using either site-directed mutagenesis or cisgenic strategies to avoid the problem of transgene escape. In cases where a transgenic trait is needed, efficient containment should be the standard approach. Various strategies available or in development are discussed. Such a cautious approach in developing novel types of GM crops will enhance the sustainable potential of GM crops and thus increase the public trust in green gene technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhart U Ryffel
- a Institut für Zellbiologie (Tumorforschung); Universitätsklinikum Essen ; Essen , Germany
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38
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Efficacy of insect-resistance Bt/CpTI transgenes in F 5 –F 7 generations of rice crop–weed hybrid progeny: implications for assessing ecological impact of transgene flow. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Pajkovic M, Lappe S, Barman R, Parisod C, Neuenschwander S, Goudet J, Alvarez N, Guadagnuolo R, Felber F, Arrigo N. Wheat alleles introgress into selfing wild relatives: empirical estimates from approximate Bayesian computation inAegilops triuncialis. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5089-101. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mila Pajkovic
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lappe
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Botany; Institute of Biology; University of Neuchatel; Emile-Argand 11 Neuchatel CH-2001 Switzerland
| | - Rachel Barman
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Christian Parisod
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Botany; Institute of Biology; University of Neuchatel; Emile-Argand 11 Neuchatel CH-2001 Switzerland
| | - Samuel Neuenschwander
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
- Vital-IT; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jerome Goudet
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
- Vital-IT; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Roberto Guadagnuolo
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Botany; Institute of Biology; University of Neuchatel; Emile-Argand 11 Neuchatel CH-2001 Switzerland
| | - François Felber
- Musée et Jardins botaniques cantonaux vaudois; Lausanne CH-1007 Switzerland
| | - Nils Arrigo
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Botany; Institute of Biology; University of Neuchatel; Emile-Argand 11 Neuchatel CH-2001 Switzerland
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40
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Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge G, Lacape JM. Distribution and differentiation of wild, feral, and cultivated populations of perennial upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107458. [PMID: 25198534 PMCID: PMC4157874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perennial forms of Gossypium hirsutum are classified under seven races. Five Mesoamerican races would have been derived from the wild race 'yucatanense' from northern Yucatán. 'Marie-Galante', the main race in the Caribbean, would have developed from introgression with G. barbadense. The racial status of coastal populations from the Caribbean has not been clearly defined. We combined Ecological Niche Modeling with an analysis of SSR marker diversity, to elucidate the relationships among cultivated, feral and wild populations of perennial cottons. Out of 954 records of occurrence in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean, 630 were classified into four categories cultivated, feral (disturbed and secondary habitats), wild/feral (protected habitats), and truly wild cotton (TWC) populations. The widely distributed three first categories cannot be differentiated on ecological grounds, indicating they mostly belong to the domesticated pool. In contrast, TWC are restricted to the driest and hottest littoral habitats, in northern Yucatán and in the Caribbean (from Venezuela to Florida), as confirmed by their climatic envelope in the factorial analysis. Extrapolating this TWC climatic model to South America and the Pacific Ocean points towards places where other wild representatives of tetraploid Gossypium species have been encountered. The genetic analysis sample comprised 42 TWC accessions from 12 sites and 68 feral accessions from 18 sites; at nine sites, wild and feral accessions were collected in close vicinity. Principal coordinate analysis, neighbor joining, and STRUCTURE consistently showed a primary divergence between TWC and feral cottons, and a secondary divergence separating 'Marie-Galante' from all other feral accessions. This strong genetic structure contrasts strikingly with the absence of geographic differentiation. Our results show that TWC populations of Mesoamerica and the Caribbean constitute a homogenous gene pool. Furthermore, the relatively low genetic divergence between the Mesoamerican and Caribbean domesticated pools supports the hypothesis of domestication of G. hirsutum in northern Yucatán.
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41
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Cerritos R, González-Cerón L, Nettel JA, Wegier A. Genetic structure of Plasmodium vivax using the merozoite surface protein 1 icb5-6 fragment reveals new hybrid haplotypes in southern Mexico. Malar J 2014; 13:35. [PMID: 24472213 PMCID: PMC3923247 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium vivax is a protozoan parasite with an extensive worldwide distribution, being highly prevalent in Asia as well as in Mesoamerica and South America. In southern Mexico, P. vivax transmission has been endemic and recent studies suggest that these parasites have unique biological and genetic features. The msp1 gene has shown high rate of nucleotide substitutions, deletions, insertions, and its mosaic structure reveals frequent events of recombination, maybe between highly divergent parasite isolates. METHODS The nucleotide sequence variation in the polymorphic icb5-6 fragment of the msp1 gene of Mexican and worldwide isolates was analysed. To understand how genotype diversity arises, disperses and persists in Mexico, the genetic structure and genealogical relationships of local isolates were examined. To identify new sequence hybrids and their evolutionary relationships with other P. vivax isolates circulating worldwide two haplotype networks were constructed questioning that two portions of the icb5-6 have different evolutionary history. RESULTS Twelve new msp1 icb5-6 haplotypes of P. vivax from Mexico were identified. These nucleotide sequences show mosaic structure comprising three partially conserved and two variable subfragments and resulted into five different sequence types. The variable subfragment sV1 has undergone recombination events and resulted in hybrid sequences and the haplotype network allocated the Mexican haplotypes to three lineages, corresponding to the Sal I and Belem types, and other more divergent group. In contrast, the network from icb5-6 fragment but not sV1 revealed that the Mexican haplotypes belong to two separate lineages, none of which are closely related to Sal I or Belem sequences. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the new hybrid haplotypes from southern Mexico were the result of at least three different recombination events. These rearrangements likely resulted from the recombination between haplotypes of highly divergent lineages that are frequently distributed in South America and Asia and diversified rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilia González-Cerón
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México.
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42
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Ellstrand NC, Meirmans P, Rong J, Bartsch D, Ghosh A, de Jong TJ, Haccou P, Lu BR, Snow AA, Neal Stewart C, Strasburg JL, van Tienderen PH, Vrieling K, Hooftman D. Introgression of Crop Alleles into Wild or Weedy Populations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norman C. Ellstrand
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
| | - Patrick Meirmans
- Instituut voor Biodiversiteit en Ecosysteem Dynamica, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jun Rong
- Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, 330031 Honggutan Nanchang, People's Republic of China;
| | - Detlef Bartsch
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Atiyo Ghosh
- Integrative Systems Biology, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan;
| | - Tom J. de Jong
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; ,
| | - Patsy Haccou
- Leiden University College The Hague, Leiden University, 2514 EG The Hague, The Netherlands;
| | - Bao-Rong Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; ,
| | - Allison A. Snow
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210;
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996;
| | | | - Peter H. van Tienderen
- Instituut voor Biodiversiteit en Ecosysteem Dynamica, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Klaas Vrieling
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; ,
| | - Danny Hooftman
- Center for Ecology and Hydrology, National Environmental Research Council, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom;
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43
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Abstract
Gene flow is one of the major concerns associated with the release of transgenic plants into the environment. Unrestricted gene flow can results in super weeds, reduction in species fitness and genetic diversity, and contamination of traditional plants and foods. Thus, it is important and also necessary to evaluate the extent of gene flow in the field for transgenic plants already released or being considered for a release. Transgenic cotton is among the first transgenic crops for commercialization, which are widely cultivated around the world. In this chapter, we use transgenic insect resistant cotton and herbicide-tolerant cotton as two examples to present a field practice method for determining transgene flow in cotton. The procedure includes three major sections: (1) field design, (2) seed collection, and (3) field and lab bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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44
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Zhang B. Transgenic cotton: from biotransformation methods to agricultural application. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 958:3-15. [PMID: 23143479 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-212-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic cotton is among the first transgenic plants commercially adopted around the world. Since it was first introduced into the field in the middle of 1990s, transgenic cotton has been quickly adopted by cotton farmers in many developed and developing countries. Transgenic cotton has offered many important environmental, social, and economic benefits, including reduced usage of pesticides, indirect increase of yield, minimizing environmental pollution, and reducing labor and cost. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method is the major method for obtaining transgenic cotton. However, pollen tube pathway-mediated method is also used, particularly by scientists in China, to breed commercial transgenic cotton. Although transgenic cotton plants with disease-resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and improved fiber quality have been developed in the past decades, insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant cotton are the two dominant transgenic cottons in the transgenic cotton market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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