1
|
Otomaru D, Ooi N, Monden K, Suzuki T, Noguchi K, Nakagawa T, Hachiya T. Alternative Oxidase Alleviates Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress during Limited Nitrate Reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biomolecules 2024; 14:989. [PMID: 39199377 PMCID: PMC11353033 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The conversion of nitrate to ammonium, i.e., nitrate reduction, is a major consumer of reductants in plants. Previous studies have reported that the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) is upregulated under limited nitrate reduction conditions, including no/low nitrate or when ammonium is the sole nitrogen (N) source. Electron transfer from ubiquinone to AOX bypasses the proton-pumping complexes III and IV, thereby consuming reductants efficiently. Thus, upregulated AOX under limited nitrate reduction may dissipate excessive reductants and thereby attenuate oxidative stress. Nevertheless, so far there is no firm evidence for this hypothesis due to the lack of experimental systems to analyze the direct relationship between nitrate reduction and AOX. We therefore developed a novel culturing system for A. thaliana that manipulates shoot activities of nitrate reduction and AOX separately without causing N starvation, ammonium toxicity, or lack of nitrate signal. Using shoots processed with this system, we examined genome-wide gene expression and growth to better understand the relationship between AOX and nitrate reduction. The results showed that, only when nitrate reduction was limited, AOX deficiency significantly upregulated genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative stress, reductant shuttles, and non-phosphorylating bypasses of the respiratory chain, and inhibited growth. Thus, we conclude that AOX alleviates mitochondrial oxidative stress and sustains plant growth under limited nitrate reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Otomaru
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan; (D.O.); (K.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Natsumi Ooi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan; (D.O.); (K.M.); (T.N.)
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan
| | - Kota Monden
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan; (D.O.); (K.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Ko Noguchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan; (D.O.); (K.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Takushi Hachiya
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan; (D.O.); (K.M.); (T.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou X, Xin J, Huang X, Li H, Li F, Song W. Linking Leaf Functional Traits with Soil and Climate Factors in Forest Ecosystems in China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3545. [PMID: 36559655 PMCID: PMC9781696 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf functional traits can reflect the adaptive strategies of plants to environmental changes. Exploring the patterns and causes of geographic variation in leaf functional traits is pivotal for improving ecological theory at the macroscopic scale. In order to explore the geographical variation and the dominant factors of leaf functional traits in the forest ecosystems of China, we measured 15 environmental factors on 16 leaf functional traits in 33 forest reserves in China. The results showed leaf area (LA), carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N), carbon-to-phosphorus ratio (C/P), nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (N/P), phosphorus mass per area (Pa) and nitrogen isotope abundance (δ15N)) were correlated with latitude significantly. LA, Pa and δ15N were also correlated with longitude significantly. The leaf functional traits in southern China were predominantly affected by climatic factors, whereas those in northern China were mainly influenced by soil factors. Mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual humidity (MAH) were shown to be the important climate factors, whereas available calcium (ACa), available potassium (AK), and available magnesium (AMg) were shown to be the important climate factors that affect the leaf functional traits of the forests in China. Our study fills the gap in the study of drivers and large-scale geographical variability of leaf functional traits, and our results elucidate the operational mechanisms of forest-soil-climate systems. We provide reliable support for modeling global forest dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhou
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Jiaxun Xin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
- Applied Nuclear Techniques in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Haowen Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
- Applied Nuclear Techniques in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Wenchen Song
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, No. 27 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pavlovič A, Kocáb O. Alternative oxidase (AOX) in the carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes: what is it good for? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:357-365. [PMID: 34922341 PMCID: PMC8835642 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes have evolved modified leaves that act as pitcher traps. The traps are specialized for prey attraction, capture, digestion and nutrient uptake but not for photosynthetic assimilation. METHODS In this study, we used antibodies against different photosynthetic (D1, Lhcb2, Lhcb4, RbcL) and respiratory-related (AOX, COXII) proteins for semi-quantification of these proteins in the assimilation part of the leaves and the pitcher traps of different Nepenthes species and hybrids. Different functional zones of the trap and the traps from different ontogenetic stages were investigated. The pitcher traps of the distantly related species Sarracenia purpurea ssp. venosa were used as an outgroup. In addition, chlorophyll fluorescence and infrared gas analysis were used for measurements of the net rate of photosynthesis (AN) and respiration in the dark (RD). KEY RESULTS The pitcher traps contained the same or lower abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins in accordance with their low AN in comparison to the assimilation part of the leaves. Surprisingly, all traps contained a high amount of alternative oxidase (AOX) and low amount of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX II) than in the assimilation part of the leaves. Thermal imaging did not confirm the role of AOX in pitcher thermogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The pitcher traps contain a high amount of AOX enzyme. The possible role of AOX in specialized pitcher tissue is discussed based on knowledge of the role and function of AOX in non-carnivorous plants. The roles of AOX in prey attraction, balance between light and dark reactions of photosynthesis, homeostasis of reactive oxygen species, digestive physiology and nutrient assimilation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kocáb
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Demmig-Adams B, López-Pozo M, Polutchko SK, Fourounjian P, Stewart JJ, Zenir MC, Adams WW. Growth and Nutritional Quality of Lemnaceae Viewed Comparatively in an Ecological and Evolutionary Context. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:145. [PMID: 35050033 PMCID: PMC8779320 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recently characterized traits of the aquatic floating plant Lemna with an emphasis on its capacity to combine rapid growth with the accumulation of high levels of the essential human micronutrient zeaxanthin due to an unusual pigment composition not seen in other fast-growing plants. In addition, Lemna's response to elevated CO2 was evaluated in the context of the source-sink balance between plant sugar production and consumption. These and other traits of Lemnaceae are compared with those of other floating aquatic plants as well as terrestrial plants adapted to different environments. It was concluded that the unique features of aquatic plants reflect adaptations to the freshwater environment, including rapid growth, high productivity, and exceptionally strong accumulation of high-quality vegetative storage protein and human antioxidant micronutrients. It was further concluded that the insensitivity of growth rate to environmental conditions and plant source-sink imbalance may allow duckweeds to take advantage of elevated atmospheric CO2 levels via particularly strong stimulation of biomass production and only minor declines in the growth of new tissue. It is proposed that declines in nutritional quality under elevated CO2 (due to regulatory adjustments in photosynthetic metabolism) may be mitigated by plant-microbe interaction, for which duckweeds have a high propensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| | - Marina López-Pozo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48049 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Stephanie K. Polutchko
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| | - Paul Fourounjian
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
- International Lemna Association, Denville, NJ 07832, USA
| | - Jared J. Stewart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| | - Madeleine C. Zenir
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| | - William W. Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.P.); (P.F.); (J.J.S.); (M.C.Z.); (W.W.A.III)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qiao X, Ruan M, Yu T, Cui C, Chen C, Zhu Y, Li F, Wang S, Na X, Wang X, Bi Y. UCP1 and AOX1a contribute to regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and yield in Arabidopsis under low nitrogen stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:69. [PMID: 34974624 PMCID: PMC11072780 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) availability is a critical factor for plant development and crop yield, and it closely correlates to carbon (C) metabolism. Uncoupling protein (UCP) and alternative oxidase (AOX) exhibit a strong correlation with N and C metabolism. Here, we investigated the functions of UCP1 and AOX1a using their mutants and complementation lines in Arabidopsis adaptation to low N. Low N markedly increased AOX1a and UCP1 expression, alternative pathway capacity and UCP activity. Eight-day-old aox1a/ucp1 seedlings were more sensitive to low N than Col-0 and single mutants, exhibiting lower primary root length and higher anthocyanin accumulation. The net photosynthetic rate, electron transport rate, PSII actual photochemical efficiency, stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency were markedly decreased in ucp1 and aox1a/ucp1 compared to those in Col-0 and aox1a under low N stress; comparatively, chlorophyll content and non-photochemical quenching coefficient were the lowest and highest in aox1a/ucp1, respectively. Nitrate acquisition rate was accelerated in aox1a/ucp1, but its transport activity was decreased, which resulted in low nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity under low N condition. The C/N ratio in seeds, but not in leaves, is higher in aox1a/ucp1 than that in Col-0, aox1a and ucp1 under low N condition. RNA-seq analysis revealed that many genes involved in photosynthesis and C/N metabolism were markedly down-regulated in aox1a/ucp1 under low N stress. These results highlight the key roles of UCP1 and AOX1a in modulating photosynthetic capacity, C/N assimilation and distribution under low N stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaiyan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiyun Chen
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Na
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yurong Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tao M, Zhu W, Han H, Liu S, Liu A, Li S, Fu H, Tian J. Mitochondrial proteomic analysis reveals the regulation of energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species production in Clematis terniflora DC. leaves under high-level UV-B radiation followed by dark treatment. J Proteomics 2021; 254:104410. [PMID: 34923174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clematis terniflora DC. is an important medicinal plant from the family Ranunculaceae. A previous study has shown that active ingredients in C. terniflora, such as flavonoids and coumarins, are increased under ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) and dark treatment and that the numbers of genes related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) are changed. To uncover the mechanism of the response to UV-B radiation and dark treatment in C. terniflora, mitochondrial proteomics was performed. The results showed that proteins related to photorespiration, mitochondrial membrane permeability, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the mETC mainly showed differential expression profiles. Moreover, the increase in alternative oxidase indicated that another oxygen-consuming respiratory pathway in plant mitochondria was induced to minimize mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. These results suggested that respiration and mitochondrial membrane permeability were deeply influenced to avoid energy consumption and maintain energy balance under UV-B radiation and dark treatment in C. terniflora leaf mitochondria. Furthermore, oxidative phosphorylation was able to regulate intracellular oxygen balance to resist oxidative stress. This study improves understanding of the function of mitochondria in response to UV-B radiation and dark treatment in C. terniflora. SIGNIFICANCE: C. terniflora was an important traditional Chinese medicine for anti-inflammatory. Previous study showed that the contents of coumarins which were the main active ingredient in C. terniflora were induced by UV-B radiation and dark treatment. In the present study, to uncover the regulatory mechanism of metabolic changes in C. terniflora, mitochondrial proteomics analysis of leaves was performed. The results showed that photorespiration and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were influenced under UV-B radiation and dark treatment. Mitochondria in C. terniflora leaf played a crucial role in energy mechanism and regulation of cellular oxidation-reduction to maintain cell homeostasis under UV-B radiation followed with dark treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Tao
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Changshu Qiushi Technology Co. Ltd, Suzhou 215500, PR China
| | - Haote Han
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Amin Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shouxin Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Hongwei Fu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Takagi D, Ishiyama K, Suganami M, Ushijima T, Fujii T, Tazoe Y, Kawasaki M, Noguchi K, Makino A. Manganese toxicity disrupts indole acetic acid homeostasis and suppresses the CO 2 assimilation reaction in rice leaves. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20922. [PMID: 34686733 PMCID: PMC8536708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the essentiality of Mn in terrestrial plants, its excessive accumulation in plant tissues can cause growth defects, known as Mn toxicity. Mn toxicity can be classified into apoplastic and symplastic types depending on its onset. Symplastic Mn toxicity is hypothesised to be more critical for growth defects. However, details of the relationship between growth defects and symplastic Mn toxicity remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying symplastic Mn toxicity in rice plants. We found that under excess Mn conditions, CO2 assimilation was inhibited by stomatal closure, and both carbon anabolic and catabolic activities were decreased. In addition to stomatal dysfunction, stomatal and leaf anatomical development were also altered by excess Mn accumulation. Furthermore, indole acetic acid (IAA) concentration was decreased, and auxin-responsive gene expression analyses showed IAA-deficient symptoms in leaves due to excess Mn accumulation. These results suggest that excessive Mn accumulation causes IAA deficiency, and low IAA concentrations suppress plant growth by suppressing stomatal opening and leaf anatomical development for efficient CO2 assimilation in leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- grid.412493.90000 0001 0454 7765Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101 Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572 Japan
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572 Japan
| | - Mao Suganami
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572 Japan ,grid.443549.b0000 0001 0603 1148Present Address: Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ushijima
- grid.412493.90000 0001 0454 7765Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101 Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- grid.412493.90000 0001 0454 7765Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101 Japan
| | - Youshi Tazoe
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572 Japan ,grid.505732.60000 0004 6417 4827Present Address: Faculty of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University, Tainai, Niigata 959-2702 Japan
| | - Michio Kawasaki
- grid.412493.90000 0001 0454 7765Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101 Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- grid.410785.f0000 0001 0659 6325Department of Applied Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yousaf M, Bashir S, Raza H, Shah AN, Iqbal J, Arif M, Bukhari MA, Muhammad S, Hashim S, Alkahtani J, Alwahibi MS, Hu C. Role of nitrogen and magnesium for growth, yield and nutritional quality of radish. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3021-3030. [PMID: 34025178 PMCID: PMC8117034 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) affects all levels of plant function from metabolism to resource allocation, growth, and development and Magnesium (Mg) is a macronutrient that is necessary to both plant growth and health. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) occupies an important position in the production and consumption of vegetables globally, but there are still many problems and challenges in its nutrient management. A pot trial was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen and magnesium fertilizers on radish during the year 2018-2019. Nitrogen and magnesium was applied at three rates (0, 0.200, and 0.300 g N kg-1 soil) and (0, 0.050, and 0.100 g Mg kg-1 soil) respectively. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) and each treatment was replicated three times. Growth, yield and quality indicators of radish (plant height, root length, shoot length, plant weight, total soluble sugar, ascorbic acid, total soluble protein, crude fiber, etc.) were studied. The results indicated that different rates of nitrogen and magnesium fertilizer not only influence the growth dynamics and yields but also enhances radish quality. The results revealed that the growth, yield and nutrient contents of radish were increased at a range of 0.00 g N. kg-1 soil to 0.300 g N. kg-1 soil and 0.00 g Mg. kg-1 soil to 0.050 g Mg. kg-1 soil and then decreased gradually at a level of 0.100 g Mg. kg-1 soil. In contrast, the crude fiber contents in radish decreased significantly with increasing nitrogen and magnesium level but increased significantly at Mg2 level (0.050 g Mg. kg-1 soil). The current study produced helpful results for increasing radish quality, decreasing production costs, and diminishing underground water contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yousaf
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Bashir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Raza
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Agricultural Officer (Lab), Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Layyah 31200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Bukhari
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Muhammad
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Hashim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jawaher Alkahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- College of Resources and Environment/Micro-element Research Center/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
- Corresponding author at: College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Inoue T, Noguchi K. Theoretical analysis of a temperature-dependent model of respiratory O 2 consumption using the kinetics of the cytochrome and alternative pathways. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1810-1821. [PMID: 32984969 PMCID: PMC7821261 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Temperature dependence of plant respiratory O2 -consumption has been empirically described by the Arrhenius equation. The slope of the Arrhenius plot (which is proportional to activation energy) sometimes deviates from a constant value. We conducted kinetic model simulations of mitochondrial electron flow dynamics to clarify factors affecting the shape of the Arrhenius plot. We constructed a kinetic model of respiration in which competitive O2 -consumption by the cytochrome pathway (CP) and the alternative pathway (AP) were considered, and we used this model to describe the temperature dependence of respiratory O2 -consumption of Arabidopsis. The model indicated that the electron partitioning and activation energy differences between CP and AP were reflected in the slope and magnitude of the dependent variables of the Arrhenius plot. When the electron partitioning and activation energies of CP and AP were constant with temperature change, our model suggested that the Arrhenius plot would be almost linear. When the electron partitioning or activation energy of CP, or both, rapidly changed with temperature, the Arrhenius plot deviated from linearity, as reported in previous experimental studies. Our simulation analysis quantitatively linked the kinetic model parameters with physiological mechanisms underlying the instantaneous temperature dependence of plant respiration rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Inoue
- National Institute for Environmental Studies16‐2 Onogawa TsukubaIbaraki305‐8506Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- Department of Life ScienceTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences1432‐1 Horinouchi HachiojiTokyo192‐0392Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Changes of leaf functional traits in karst rocky desertification ecological environment and the driving factors. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
11
|
Liu X, Yin C, Xiang L, Jiang W, Xu S, Mao Z. Transcription strategies related to photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of wheat in response to nitrogen deficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:448. [PMID: 33003994 PMCID: PMC7528333 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agricultural yield is closely associated with nitrogen application. Thus, reducing the application of nitrogen without affecting agricultural production remains a challenging task. To understand the metabolic, physiological, and morphological response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to nitrogen deficiency, it is crucial to identify the genes involved in the activated signaling pathways. RESULTS We conducted a hydroponic experiment using a complete nutrient solution (N1) and a nutrient solution without nitrogen (N0). Wheat plants under nitrogen-deficient conditions (NDC) showed decreased crop height, leaf area, root volume, photosynthetic rate, crop weight, and increased root length, root surface area, root/shoot ratio. It indicates that nitrogen deficiency altered the phenotype of wheat plants. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype, transcriptome, GO pathways, and KEGG pathways of DEGs identified in wheat grown under NDC. It showed up-regulation of Exp (24), and Nrt (9) gene family members, which increased the nitrogen absorption and down-regulation of Pet (3), Psb (8), Nar (3), and Nir (1) gene family members hampered photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism. CONCLUSIONS We identified 48 candidate genes that were involved in improved photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in wheat plants grown under NDC. These genes may serve as molecular markers for genetic breeding of crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
- ShanDong Shofine Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangxiang, 272400, Shandong, China.
| | - Chengmiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Weitao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shaozhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ortíz J, Sanhueza C, Romero-Munar A, Hidalgo-Castellanos J, Castro C, Bascuñán-Godoy L, Coba de la Peña T, López-Gómez M, Florez-Sarasa I, Del-Saz NF. In Vivo Metabolic Regulation of Alternative Oxidase under Nutrient Deficiency-Interaction with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4201. [PMID: 32545597 PMCID: PMC7349880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway with nutrient metabolism is important for understanding how respiration modulates ATP synthesis and carbon economy in plants under nutrient deficiency. Although AOX activity reduces the energy yield of respiration, this enzymatic activity is upregulated under stress conditions to maintain the functioning of primary metabolism. The in vivo metabolic regulation of AOX activity by phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) and during plant symbioses with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium bacteria is still not fully understood. We highlight several findings and open questions concerning the in vivo regulation of AOX activity and its impact on plant metabolism during P deficiency and symbiosis with AMF. We also highlight the need for the identification of which metabolic regulatory factors of AOX activity are related to N availability and nitrogen-fixing legume-rhizobia symbiosis in order to improve our understanding of N assimilation and biological nitrogen fixation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Ortíz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | - Antònia Romero-Munar
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur. Sector los Choapinos, 2940000 Rengo, Chile;
| | - Javier Hidalgo-Castellanos
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.H.-C.); (M.L.-G.)
| | - Catalina Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | - Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | | | - Miguel López-Gómez
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.H.-C.); (M.L.-G.)
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ozaki H, Tokida T, Nakamura H, Sakai H, Hasegawa T, Noguchi K. Atmospheric CO 2 Concentration and N Availability Affect the Balance of the Two Photosystems in Mature Leaves of Rice Plants Grown at a Free-Air CO 2 Enrichment Site. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:786. [PMID: 32582271 PMCID: PMC7296123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) has been substantially increasing. Responses of leaf photosynthesis to elevated [CO2] have been intensively investigated because leaf photosynthesis is one of the most important determinants of crop yield. The responses of photosynthesis to elevated [CO2] can depend on nitrogen (N) availability. Here, we aimed to investigate the significance of the appropriate balance between two photosystems [photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII)] under various [CO2] and N levels, and thus to clarify if responses of photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETRs) of the two photosystems to elevated [CO2] are altered by N availability. Thus, we examined parameters of the two photosystems in mature leaves of rice plants grown under two [CO2] levels (ambient and 200 μmol mol-1 above ambient) and three N fertilization levels at the Tsukuba free-air CO2 enrichment experimental facility in Japan. Responses of ETR of PSII (ETRII) and ETR of PSI (ETRI) to [CO2] levels differed among N levels. When moderate levels of N were applied (MN), ETRI was higher under elevated [CO2], whereas at high levels of N were applied (HN), both ETRII and ETRI were lower under elevated [CO2] compared with ambient [CO2]. Under HN, the decreases in ETRII and ETRI under elevated [CO2] were due to increases in the non-photochemical quenching of PSII [Y(NPQ)] and the donor side limitation of PSI [Y(ND)], respectively. The relationship between the effective quantum yields of PSI [Y(I)] and PSII [Y(II)] changed under elevated [CO2] and low levels of N (LN). Under both conditions, the ratio of Y(I) to Y(II) was higher than under other conditions. The elevated [CO2] and low N changed the balance of the two photosystems. This change may be important because it can induce the cyclic electron flow around PSI, leading to induction of non-photochemical quenching to avoid photoinhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ozaki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Division of Climate Change, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Division of Agro-Environmental Research, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, Morioka, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Condori-Apfata JA, Batista-Silva W, Medeiros DB, Vargas JR, Valente LML, Heyneke E, Pérez-Diaz JL, Fernie AR, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. The Arabidopsis E 1 subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex modulates plant growth and seed production. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:183-202. [PMID: 31286324 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Isoforms of 2-OGDH E1 subunit are not functionally redundant in plant growth and development of A. thaliana. The tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-OGDH) converts 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) to succinyl-CoA concomitant with the reduction of NAD+. 2-OGDH has an essential role in plant metabolism, being both a limiting step during mitochondrial respiration as well as a key player in carbon-nitrogen interactions. In Arabidopsis thaliana two genes encode for E1 subunit of 2-OGDH but the physiological roles of each isoform remain unknown. Thus, in the present study we isolated Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion knockout mutant lines for each of the genes encoding the E1 subunit of 2-OGDH enzyme. All mutant plants exhibited substantial reduction in both respiration and CO2 assimilation rates. Furthermore, mutant lines exhibited reduced levels of chlorophylls and nitrate, increased levels of sucrose, malate and fumarate and minor changes in total protein and starch levels in leaves. Despite the similar metabolic phenotypes for the two E1 isoforms the reduction in the expression of each gene culminated in different responses in terms of plant growth and seed production indicating distinct roles for each isoform. Collectively, our results demonstrated the importance of the E1 subunit of 2-OGDH in both autotrophic and heterotrophic tissues and suggest that the two E1 isoforms are not functionally redundant in terms of plant growth in A. thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jonas Rafael Vargas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Mário Lopes Valente
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Elmien Heyneke
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Jorge Luis Pérez-Diaz
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sunil B, Saini D, Bapatla RB, Aswani V, Raghavendra AS. Photorespiration is complemented by cyclic electron flow and the alternative oxidase pathway to optimize photosynthesis and protect against abiotic stress. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:67-79. [PMID: 30187303 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of photosynthetic performance and protection against abiotic stress are essential to sustain plant growth. Photorespiratory metabolism can help plants to adapt to abiotic stress. The beneficial role of photorespiration under abiotic stress is further strengthened by cyclic electron flow (CEF) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways. We have attempted to critically assess the literature on the responses of these three phenomena-photorespiration, CEF and AOX, to different stress situations. We emphasize that photorespiration is the key player to protect photosynthesis and upregulates CEF as well as AOX. Then these three processes work in coordination to protect the plants against photoinhibition and maintain an optimal redox state in the cell, while providing ATP for metabolism and protein repair. H2O2 generated during photorespiratory metabolism seems to be an important signal to upregulate CEF or AOX. Further experiments are necessary to identify the signals originating from CEF or AOX to modulate photorespiration. The mutants deficient in CEF or AOX or both could be useful in this regard. The mutual interactions between CEF and AOX, so as to keep their complementarity, are also to be examined further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bobba Sunil
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ramesh B Bapatla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Vetcha Aswani
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Noguchi K, Tsunoda T, Miyagi A, Kawai-Yamada M, Sugiura D, Miyazawa SI, Tokida T, Usui Y, Nakamura H, Sakai H, Hasegawa T. Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 on Respiratory Rates in Mature Leaves of Two Rice Cultivars Grown at a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment Site and Analyses of the Underlying Mechanisms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:637-649. [PMID: 29401364 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory CO2 efflux and O2 uptake rates in leaves change in response to the growth CO2 concentration ([CO2]). The degrees of change vary depending on the responses of cellular processes such as nitrogen (N) assimilation and accumulation of organic acids to growth [CO2]. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the respiratory characteristics of mature leaves of two rice varieties with different yield capacities at different growth stages under ambient and elevated [CO2] conditions at a free-air CO2 enrichment site. We also examined the effect of increased water temperature on leaf respiration. We measured the rates of CO2 efflux and O2 uptake, and determined N contents, primary metabolite contents and maximal activities of respiratory enzymes. The leaf CO2 efflux rates decreased in plants grown at elevated [CO2] in both varieties, and were higher in high-yielding Takanari than in Koshihikari. The leaf O2 uptake rates showed little change with respect to growth [CO2] and variety. The increased water temperature did not significantly affect the CO2 efflux and O2 uptake rates. The N and amino acid contents were significantly higher in Takanari than in Koshihikari. The enhanced N assimilation in Takanari may have consumed more respiratory NADH, leading to higher CO2 efflux rates. In Koshihikari, the ratio of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates changed and maximal activities of enzymes in the TCA cycle decreased at elevated [CO2]. Therefore, the decreased rates of CO2 efflux in Koshihikari may be due to the decreased activities of TCA cycle enzymes at elevated [CO2].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Tomonori Tsunoda
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Crop Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyazawa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, 305-8687 Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- Division of Farming System Research, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 9-4 Shinseiminami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido, 082-0081 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakamura
- Taiyo Keiki Co. Ltd., 1-12-3 Nakajujo, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0032 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Division of Climate Change, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Division of Agro-Environmental Research, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Crous KY, O'Sullivan OS, Zaragoza-Castells J, Bloomfield KJ, Negrini ACA, Meir P, Turnbull MH, Griffin KL, Atkin OK. Nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities interact to modulate leaf trait scaling relationships across six plant functional types in a controlled-environment study. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:992-1008. [PMID: 28505389 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have key roles in leaf metabolism, resulting in a strong coupling of chemical composition traits to metabolic rates in field-based studies. However, in such studies, it is difficult to disentangle the effects of nutrient supply per se on trait-trait relationships. Our study assessed how high and low N (5 mM and 0.4 mM, respectively) and P (1 mM and 2 μM, respectively) supply in 37 species from six plant functional types (PTFs) affected photosynthesis (A) and respiration (R) (in darkness and light) in a controlled environment. Low P supply increased scaling exponents (slopes) of area-based log-log A-N or R-N relationships when N supply was not limiting, whereas there was no P effect under low N supply. By contrast, scaling exponents of A-P and R-P relationships were altered by P and N supply. Neither R : A nor light inhibition of leaf R was affected by nutrient supply. Light inhibition was 26% across nutrient treatments; herbaceous species exhibited a lower degree of light inhibition than woody species. Because N and P supply modulates leaf trait-trait relationships, the next generation of terrestrial biosphere models may need to consider how limitations in N and P availability affect trait-trait relationships when predicting carbon exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y Crous
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Odhran S O'Sullivan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Joana Zaragoza-Castells
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - A Clarissa A Negrini
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environment Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bodanapu R, Gupta SK, Basha PO, Sakthivel K, Sreelakshmi Y, Sharma R. Nitric Oxide Overproduction in Tomato shr Mutant Shifts Metabolic Profiles and Suppresses Fruit Growth and Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1714. [PMID: 27965677 PMCID: PMC5124567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in growth and disease resistance in plants. It also acts as a secondary messenger in signaling pathways for several plant hormones. Despite its clear role in regulating plant development, its role in fruit development is not known. In an earlier study, we described a short root (shr) mutant of tomato, whose phenotype results from hyperaccumulation of NO. The molecular mapping localized shr locus in 2.5 Mb region of chromosome 9. The shr mutant showed sluggish growth, with smaller leaves, flowers and was less fertile than wild type. The shr mutant also showed reduced fruit size and slower ripening of the fruits post-mature green stage to the red ripe stage. Comparison of the metabolite profiles of shr fruits with wild-type fruits during ripening revealed a significant shift in the patterns. In shr fruits intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were differentially regulated than WT indicating NO affected the regulation of TCA cycle. The accumulation of several amino acids, particularly tyrosine, was higher, whereas most fatty acids were downregulated in shr fruits. Among the plant hormones at one or more stages of ripening, ethylene, Indole-3-acetic acid and Indole-3-butyric acid increased in shr, whereas abscisic acid declined. Our analyses indicate that the retardation of fruit growth and ripening in shr mutant likely results from the influence of NO on central carbon metabolism and endogenous phytohormones levels.
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang A, Sang Y, Sun W, Fu Y, Yang Z. Transcriptomic Analysis of Responses to Imbalanced Carbon: Nitrogen Availabilities in Rice Seedlings. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165732. [PMID: 27820840 PMCID: PMC5098742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal C:N balance must be tightly controlled for the normal growth and development of plants. However, the underlying mechanisms, by which plants sense and balance the intracellular C:N status correspondingly to exogenous C:N availabilities remain elusive. In this study, we use comparative gene expression analysis to identify genes that are responsive to imbalanced C:N treatments in the aerial parts of rice seedlings. Transcripts of rice seedlings treated with four C:N availabilities (1:1, 1:60, 60:1 and 60:60) were compared and two groups of genes were classified: high C:low N responsive genes and low C:high N responsive genes. Our analysis identified several functional correlated genes including chalcone synthase (CHS), chlorophyll a-b binding protein (CAB) and other genes that are implicated in C:N balancing mechanism, such as alternative oxidase 1B (OsAOX1B), malate dehydrogenase (OsMDH) and lysine and histidine specific transporter 1 (OsLHT1). Additionally, six jasmonate synthetic genes and key regulatory genes involved in abiotic and biotic stresses, such as OsMYB4, autoinhibited calcium ATPase 3 (OsACA3) and pleiotropic drug resistance 9 (OsPDR9), were differentially expressed under high C:low N treatment. Gene ontology analysis showed that high C:low N up-regulated genes were primarily enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis and defense responses. Coexpression network analysis of these genes identified eight jasmonate ZIM domain protein (OsJAZ) genes and several defense response related regulators, suggesting that high C:low N status may act as a stress condition, which induces defense responses mediated by jasmonate signaling pathway. Our transcriptome analysis shed new light on the C:N balancing mechanisms and revealed several important regulators of C:N status in rice seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aobo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuying Sang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Sun
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang F, Wang X, Zhao C, Wang J, Li P, Dou Y, Bi Y. Alternative pathway is involved in the tolerance of highland barley to the low-nitrogen stress by maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:317-328. [PMID: 26518429 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alternative pathway (AP) is involved in the tolerance of highland barley seedlings to the low-nitrogen stress by dissipating excessive reducing equivalents generated by photosynthesis and maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis. Low nitrogen (N) is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop productivity. In this study, we investigated the roles of the alternative pathway (AP) in the tolerance of two barley seedlings, highland barley (Kunlun12) and barley (Ganpi6), to low-N stress. The results showed that the chlorophyll content and the fresh weight decreased more in Ganpi6 than those in Kunlun12 under low-N stress, suggesting that Kunlun12 has higher tolerance to low-N stress than Ganpi6. AP capacity was markedly induced by low-N stress; and it was higher in Kunlun12 than in Ganpi6. Comparatively, the cytochrome pathway capacity was not affected under all conditions. Western-blot analysis showed that the protein level of the alternative oxidase (AOX) increased under low-N stress in Kunlun12 but not in Ganpi6. Under low-N stress, the NAD(P)H content and the NAD(P)H to NAD(P)(+)+NAD(P)H ratio in Ganpi6 increased more than those in Kunlun12. Furthermore, photosynthetic parameters (Fv/Fm, qP, ETR and Yield) decreased markedly and qN increased, indicating photoinhibition occurred in both barley seedlings, especially in Ganpi6. When AP was inhibited by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), the NAD(P)H content and the NAD(P)H to NAD(P)(+)+NAD(P)H ratio dramatically increased under all conditions, resulting in the marked accumulation of H(2)O(2) and malondialdehyde in leaves of both barley seedlings. Meanwhile, the malate-oxaloacetate shuttle activity and the photosynthetic efficiency were further inhibited. Taken together, AP is involved in the tolerance of highland barley seedlings to low-N stress by dissipating excess reducing equivalents and maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhou Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqin Dou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Bi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vishwakarma A, Tetali SD, Selinski J, Scheibe R, Padmasree K. Importance of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway in regulating cellular redox and ROS homeostasis to optimize photosynthesis during restriction of the cytochrome oxidase pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:555-69. [PMID: 26292995 PMCID: PMC4578005 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The importance of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway, particularly AOX1A, in optimizing photosynthesis during de-etiolation, under elevated CO2, low temperature, high light or combined light and drought stress is well documented. In the present study, the role of AOX1A in optimizing photosynthesis was investigated when electron transport through the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) pathway was restricted at complex III. METHODS Leaf discs of wild-type (WT) and aox1a knock-out mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were treated with antimycin A (AA) under growth-light conditions. To identify the impact of AOX1A deficiency in optimizing photosynthesis, respiratory O2 uptake and photosynthesis-related parameters were measured along with changes in redox couples, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and expression levels of genes related to respiration, the malate valve and the antioxidative system. KEY RESULTS In the absence of AA, aox1a knock-out mutants did not show any difference in physiological, biochemical or molecular parameters compared with WT. However, after AA treatment, aox1a plants showed a significant reduction in both respiratory O2 uptake and NaHCO3-dependent O2 evolution. Chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 studies revealed that in contrast to WT, aox1a knock-out plants were incapable of maintaining electron flow in the chloroplastic electron transport chain, and thereby inefficient heat dissipation (low non-photochemical quenching) was observed. Furthermore, aox1a mutants exhibited significant disturbances in cellular redox couples of NAD(P)H and ascorbate (Asc) and consequently accumulation of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. By contrast, WT plants showed a significant increase in transcript levels of CSD1, CAT1, sAPX, COX15 and AOX1A in contrast to aox1a mutants. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AOX1A plays a significant role in sustaining the chloroplastic redox state and energization to optimize photosynthesis by regulating cellular redox homeostasis and ROS generation when electron transport through the COX pathway is disturbed at complex III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhaypratap Vishwakarma
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Sarada Devi Tetali
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Plant Physiology, FB5, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany and
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology, FB5, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany and
| | - Kollipara Padmasree
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gandin A, Denysyuk M, Cousins AB. Disruption of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) and uncoupling protein (UCP) alters rates of foliar nitrate and carbon assimilation in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3133-42. [PMID: 24799562 PMCID: PMC4071831 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Under high light, the rates of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation can be influenced by reductant consumed by both foliar nitrate assimilation and mitochondrial alternative electron transport (mAET). Additionally, nitrate assimilation is dependent on reductant and carbon skeletons generated from both the chloroplast and mitochondria. However, it remains unclear how nitrate assimilation and mAET coordinate and contribute to photosynthesis. Here, hydroponically grown Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertional mutants for alternative oxidase (AOX1A) and uncoupling protein (UCP1) fed either NO3 (-) or NH4 (+) were used to determine (i) the response of NO3 (-) uptake and assimilation to the disruption of mAET, and (ii) the interaction of N source (NO3 (-) versus NH4 (+)) and mAET on photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and electron transport. The results showed that foliar NO3 (-) assimilation was enhanced in both aox1a and ucp1 compared with the wild-type, suggesting that foliar NO3 (-) assimilation is probably driven by a decreased capacity of mAET and an increase in reductant within the cytosol. Wild-type plants had also higher rates of net CO2 assimilation (A net) and quantum yield of PSII (ϕPSII) under NO3 (-) feeding compared with NH4 (+) feeding. Additionally, under NO3 (-) feeding, A net and ϕPSII were decreased in aox1a and ucp1 compared with the wild type; however, under NH4 (+) they were not significantly different between genotypes. This indicates that NO3 (-) assimilation and mAET are both important to maintain optimal rates of photosynthesis, probably in regulating reductant accumulation and over-reduction of the chloroplastic electron transport chain. These results highlight the importance of mAET in partitioning energy between foliar nitrogen and carbon assimilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Gandin
- School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Mykhaylo Denysyuk
- School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kornfeld A, Atkin OK, Griffin KL, Horton TW, Yakir D, Turnbull MH. Modulation of respiratory metabolism in response to nutrient changes along a soil chronosequence. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1120-1134. [PMID: 23210522 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory studies indicate that plant respiratory efficiency may decrease in response to low nutrient availability due to increased partitioning of electrons to the energy-wasteful alternative oxidase (AOX); however, field confirmation of this hypothesis is lacking. We therefore investigated plant respiratory changes associated with succession and retrogression in soils aged from 10 to 120 000 years along the Franz Josef soil chronosequence, New Zealand. Respiration rates and electron partitioning were determined based on oxygen isotopic fractionation. Leaf structural traits, foliar nutrient status, carbohydrates and species composition were measured as explanatory variables. Although soil nutrient levels and species composition varied by site along the chronosequence, foliar respiration across all sites and species corresponded strongly with leaf nitrogen concentration (r(2) = 0.8). In contrast, electron partitioning declined with increasing nitrogen/phosphorus (r(2) = 0.23) and AOX activity correlated with phosphorus (r(2) = 0.64). Independently, total respiration was further associated with foliar Cu, possibly linked to its effect on AOX. Independent control of AOX and cytochrome pathway activities is also discussed. These responses of plant terminal respiratory oxidases - and therefore respiratory carbon efficiency - to multiple nutrient deficiencies demonstrate that modulation of respiratory metabolism may play an important role in plant responses to nutrient gradients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Kornfeld
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vanlerberghe GC. Alternative oxidase: a mitochondrial respiratory pathway to maintain metabolic and signaling homeostasis during abiotic and biotic stress in plants. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6805-47. [PMID: 23531539 PMCID: PMC3645666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14046805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a non-energy conserving terminal oxidase in the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain. While respiratory carbon oxidation pathways, electron transport, and ATP turnover are tightly coupled processes, AOX provides a means to relax this coupling, thus providing a degree of metabolic homeostasis to carbon and energy metabolism. Beside their role in primary metabolism, plant mitochondria also act as "signaling organelles", able to influence processes such as nuclear gene expression. AOX activity can control the level of potential mitochondrial signaling molecules such as superoxide, nitric oxide and important redox couples. In this way, AOX also provides a degree of signaling homeostasis to the organelle. Evidence suggests that AOX function in metabolic and signaling homeostasis is particularly important during stress. These include abiotic stresses such as low temperature, drought, and nutrient deficiency, as well as biotic stresses such as bacterial infection. This review provides an introduction to the genetic and biochemical control of AOX respiration, as well as providing generalized examples of how AOX activity can provide metabolic and signaling homeostasis. This review also examines abiotic and biotic stresses in which AOX respiration has been critically evaluated, and considers the overall role of AOX in growth and stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kornfeld A, Heskel M, Atkin OK, Gough L, Griffin KL, Horton TW, Turnbull MH. Respiratory flexibility and efficiency are affected by simulated global change in Arctic plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 197:1161-1172. [PMID: 23278298 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory studies indicate that, in response to environmental conditions, plants modulate respiratory electron partitioning between the 'energy-wasteful' alternative pathway (AP) and the 'energy-conserving' cytochrome pathway (CP). Field data, however, are scarce. Here we investigate how 20-yr field manipulations simulating global change affected electron partitioning in Alaskan Arctic tundra species. We sampled leaves from three dominant tundra species - Betula nana, Eriophorum vaginatum and Rubus chamaemorus - that had been strongly affected by manipulations of soil nutrients, light availability, and warming. We measured foliar dark respiration, in-vivo electron partitioning and alternative oxidase/cytochrome c oxidase concentrations in addition to leaf traits and mitochondrial ultrastructure. Changes in leaf traits and ultrastructure were similar across species. Respiration at 20°C (R(20)) was reduced 15% in all three species grown at elevated temperature, suggesting thermal acclimation of respiration. In Betula, the species with the largest growth response to added nutrients, CP activity increased from 9.4 ± 0.8 to 16.6 ± 1.6 nmol O(2) g(-1) DM s(-1) whereas AP activity was unchanged. The ability of Betula to selectively increase CP activity in response to the environment may contribute to its overall ecological success by increasing respiratory energy efficiency, and thus retaining more carbon for growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Kornfeld
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mary Heskel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Laura Gough
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Rt 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Travis W Horton
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mitochondrial response in the apical and lateral flower buds of the Hanfu apple to cold stress during the dormancy stage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
27
|
Park BS, Kim SI, Song JT, Seo HS. Arabidopsis SIZ1 positively regulates alternative respiratory bypass pathways. BMB Rep 2012; 45:342-7. [PMID: 22732219 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.6.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant mitochondria possess alternative respiratory pathways mediated by the type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases and alternative oxidases. Here, E3 SUMO ligase was shown to regulate alternative respiratory pathways and to participate in the maintenance of carbon and nitrogen balance in Arabidopsis. The transcript abundance of the type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases NDA2 and NDB2 and alternative oxidases AOX1a and AOX1d genes was low in siz1-2 mutants compared to that in wild-type. The addition of nitrate or ammonium resulted in a decrease or an increase in the expression of the same gene families, respectively, in both wild-type and siz1-2 mutants. The amount of free sugar (glucose, fructose and sucrose) was lower in siz1-2 mutants than that in wild-type. These results indicate that low nitrate reductase activity due to the AtSIZ1 mutation is correlated with an overall decrease in alternative respiration and with a low carbohydrate content to maintain the carbon to nitrogen ratio in siz1-2 mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Soo Park
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
For optimal plant growth and development, cellular nitrogen (N) metabolism must be closely coordinated with other metabolic pathways, and mitochondria are thought to play a central role in this process. Recent studies using genetically modified plants have provided insight into the role of mitochondria in N metabolism. Mitochondrial metabolism is linked with N assimilation by amino acid, carbon (C) and redox metabolism. Mitochondria are not only an important source of C skeletons for N incorporation, they also produce other necessary metabolites and energy used in N remobilization processes. Nitric oxide of mitochondrial origin regulates respiration and influences primary N metabolism. Here, we discuss the changes in mitochondrial metabolism during ammonium or nitrate nutrition and under low N conditions. We also describe the involvement of mitochondria in the redistribution of N during senescence. The aim of this review was to demonstrate the role of mitochondria as an integration point of N cellular metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Szal
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kirma M, Araújo WL, Fernie AR, Galili G. The multifaceted role of aspartate-family amino acids in plant metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:4995-5001. [PMID: 22516796 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants represent the major sources of human foods and livestock feeds, worldwide. However, the limited content of the essential amino acid lysine in cereal grains represents a major nutritional problem for human and for livestock feeding in developed countries. Optimizing the level of lysine in cereal grains requires extensive knowledge on the biological processes regulating the homeostasis of this essential amino acid as well as the biological consequences of this homeostasis. Manipulating biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes of lysine metabolism enabled an enhanced accumulation of this essential amino acid in seeds. However, this approach had a major effect on the levels of various metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, revealing a strong interaction between lysine metabolism and cellular energy metabolism. Recent studies discussed here have shed new light on the metabolic processes responsible for the catabolism of lysine, as well as isoleucine, another amino acid of the aspartate-family pathway, into the TCA cycle. Here we discuss progress being made to understand biological processes associated with the catabolism of amino acids of the aspartate-family pathway and its importance for optimal improvement of the nutritional quality of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menny Kirma
- Department of Plant Science, The Weizmnn Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kornfeld A, Horton TW, Yakir D, Searle SY, Griffin KL, Atkin OK, Subke JA, Turnbull MH. A field-compatible method for measuring alternative respiratory pathway activities in vivo using stable O₂ isotopes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1518-1532. [PMID: 22428947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants can alter rates of electron transport through the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway in response to environmental cues, thus modulating respiratory efficiency, but the (18)O discrimination method necessary for measuring electron partitioning in vivo has been restricted to laboratory settings. To overcome this limitation, we developed a field-compatible analytical method. Series of plant tissue subsamples were incubated in 12 mL septum-capped vials for 0.5-4 h before aliquots of incubation air were injected into 3.7 mL evacuated storage vials. Vials were stored for up to 10 months before analysis by mass spectrometry. Measurements were corrected for unavoidable contamination. Additional mathematical tools were developed for detecting and addressing non-linearity (whether intrinsic or due to contamination) in the data used to estimate discrimination values. Initial contamination in the storage vials was 0.03 ± 0.01 atm; storing the gas samples at -17 °C eliminated further contamination effects over 10 months. Discrimination values obtained using our offline incubation and computation method replicated previously reported results over a range of 10-31‰, with precision generally better than ±0.5‰. Our method enables large-scale investigations of plant alternative respiration along natural environmental gradients under field conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Kornfeld
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A, Nikoloski Z, Sweetlove LJ, Fernie AR. Metabolic control and regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in photosynthetic and heterotrophic plant tissues. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1-21. [PMID: 21477125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a crucial component of respiratory metabolism in both photosynthetic and heterotrophic plant organs. All of the major genes of the tomato TCA cycle have been cloned recently, allowing the generation of a suite of transgenic plants in which the majority of the enzymes in the pathway are progressively decreased. Investigations of these plants have provided an almost complete view of the distribution of control in this important pathway. Our studies suggest that citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinyl CoA ligase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase and malate dehydrogenase have control coefficients flux for respiration of -0.4, 0.964, -0.123, 0.0008, 0.289, 0.601 and 1.76, respectively; while 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase is estimated to have a control coefficient of 0.786 in potato tubers. These results thus indicate that the control of this pathway is distributed among malate dehydrogenase, aconitase, fumarase, succinate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. The unusual distribution of control estimated here is consistent with specific non-cyclic flux mode and cytosolic bypasses that operate in illuminated leaves. These observations are discussed in the context of known regulatory properties of the enzymes and some illustrative examples of how the pathway responds to environmental change are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang J, Rajakulendran N, Amirsadeghi S, Vanlerberghe GC. Impact of mitochondrial alternative oxidase expression on the response of Nicotiana tabacum to cold temperature. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2011; 142:339-51. [PMID: 21401618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The plant mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) includes a non-energy conserving alternative oxidase (AOX) thought to dampen reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the ETC and/or facilitate carbon metabolism by uncoupling it from ATP turnover. When wild-type (WT) Nicotiana tabacum grown at 28°C/22°C (light/dark) were transferred to 12°C/5°C, they showed a large induction of leaf Aox1a mRNA and AOX protein within 24 h. Transfer to cold also resulted in a large accumulation of monosaccharides, an increase in transcript level of genes encoding important ROS-scavenging enzymes and a moderate increase in lipid peroxidation. Transgenic plants with suppressed AOX level showed less cold-induced sugar accumulation than WT while transgenic plants with enhanced AOX levels showed enhanced sugar accumulation. This is inconsistent with the hypothesis that AOX acts to burn excess carbohydrate, but rather suggests a role for AOX to aid sugar accumulation, at least during cold stress. At 28°C/22°C, plants with suppressed AOX had elevated levels of lipid peroxidation compared with WT, while plants with enhanced AOX had reduced lipid peroxidation. This is consistent with the hypothesis that AOX dampens ROS generation and oxidative damage. However, this inverse relationship between AOX level and lipid peroxidation did not hold upon shift to cold. Under this stress condition, plants with strong suppression of AOX show enhanced induction of ROS-scavenging enzymes compared with WT and decline in lipid peroxidation. These data suggest that, under stress conditions, the lack of AOX enhances a mitochondrial stress-signaling pathway able to increase the ROS-scavenging capacity of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yao YX, Dong QL, Zhai H, You CX, Hao YJ. The functions of an apple cytosolic malate dehydrogenase gene in growth and tolerance to cold and salt stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:257-64. [PMID: 21236692 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that cytosolic NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (cyMDH; l-malate:NAD-oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.37) is an enzyme crucial for malic acid synthesis in the cytosol. Nothing is known about cyMDH in growth and stress tolerance. Here we characterised the role of the apple cyMDH gene (MdcyMDH, GenBank ID: DQ221207) in growth and tolerance to cold and salt stresses. MdcyMDH transcripts were highly accumulated in vigorously growing apple tissues, organs and suspension cells. In addition, MdcyMDH was sensitive to cold and salt stresses. MdcyMDH overexpression favourably contributed to cell and plant growth and conferred stress tolerance both in the apple callus and tomato. Taken together, our results indicated that MdcyMDH is involved in plant and cell growth as well as the tolerance to cold and salt stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hachiya T, Noguchi K. Integrative response of plant mitochondrial electron transport chain to nitrogen source. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:195-204. [PMID: 21132432 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) availability is widely known as a determinant of plant growth and respiration rate. However, less attention has been paid to the effect of the type of N source (nitrate, nitrite or ammonium) on the respiratory system. This review summarizes the latest findings on this topic, with an emphasis on the effect of ammonium and nitric oxide (NO) on the respiratory system, and the physiological role of alternative oxidase (AOX). First, concentrated ammonium has been found to increase plant respiration rate (ammonium-dependent respiratory increase, ARI). We will introduce two hypotheses to explain ARI, futile ammonium cycling and excess reducing equivalents, and verify the validity of each hypothesis. We suggest that these two hypotheses are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Second, gene expression of AOX is suppressed when N is predominately available as nitrate instead of ammonium. We will discuss possible signaling pathways leading to this expression pattern. Third, while AOX expression is induced by NO, AOX activity itself is insensitive to NO. In contrast, activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is sensitive to NO. We outline the NO production pathway, focusing on nitrite-dependent NO production, and discuss the physiological significance of the fact that AOX activity is insensitive to NO. Finally, this review aims to build an integrated scheme of the respiratory response to the type of N source, considering leaves in high light conditions or hypoxic roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Hachiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hachiya T, Watanabe CK, Boom C, Tholen D, Takahara K, Kawai-Yamada M, Uchimiya H, Uesono Y, Terashima I, Noguchi K. Ammonium-dependent respiratory increase is dependent on the cytochrome pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana shoots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2010; 33:1888-97. [PMID: 20545883 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen uptake rates are increased when concentrated ammonium instead of nitrate is used as sole N source. Several explanations for this increased respiration have been suggested, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. To investigate possible factors responsible for this respiratory increase, we measured the O₂ uptake rate, activity and transcript level of respiratory components, and concentration of adenylates using Arabidopsis thaliana shoots grown in media containing various N sources. The O₂ uptake rate was correlated with concentrations of ammonium and ATP in shoots, but not related to the ammonium assimilation. The capacity of the ATP-coupling cytochrome pathway (CP) and its related genes were up-regulated when concentrated ammonium was sole N source, whereas the ATP-uncoupling alternative oxidase did not influence the extent of the respiratory increase. Our results suggest that the ammonium-dependent increase of the O₂ uptake rate can be explained by the up-regulation of the CP, which may be related to the ATP consumption by the plasma-membrane H+ -ATPase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Hachiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen D, Zhou L, Rao X, Lin Y, Fu S. Effects of root diameter and root nitrogen concentration on in situ root respiration among different seasons and tree species. Ecol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-010-0722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
McDonald AE. Alternative oxidase: what information can protein sequence comparisons give us? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 137:328-341. [PMID: 19493309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The finding that alternative oxidase (AOX) is present in most kingdoms of life has resulted in a large number of AOX sequences that are available for analyses. Multiple sequence alignments of AOX proteins from evolutionarily divergent organisms represent a valuable tool and can be used to identify amino acids and domains that may play a role in catalysis, membrane association and post-translational regulation, especially when these data are coupled with the structural model for the enzyme. I validate the use of this approach by demonstrating that it detects the conserved glutamate and histidine residues in AOX that initially led to its identification as a di-iron carboxylate protein and the generation of a structural model for the protein. A comparative analysis using a larger dataset identified 35 additional amino acids that are conserved in all AOXs examined, 30 of which have not been investigated to date. I hypothesize that these residues will be involved in the quinol terminal oxidase activity or membrane association of AOX. Major differences in AOX protein sequences between kingdoms are revealed, and it is hypothesized that two angiosperm-specific domains may be responsible for the non-covalent dimerization of AOX, whereas two indels in the aplastidic AOXs may play a role in their post-translational regulation. A scheme for predicting whether a particular AOX protein will be recognized by the alternative oxidase monoclonal antibody generated against the AOX of Sauromatum guttatum (Voodoo lily) is presented. The number of functional sites in AOX is greater than expected, and determining the structure of AOX will prove extremely valuable to future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E McDonald
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vassileva V, Simova-Stoilova L, Demirevska K, Feller U. Variety-specific response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaf mitochondria to drought stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2009; 122:445-454. [PMID: 19319627 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-009-0225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the present work was to examine leaf respiratory responses to dehydration and subsequent recovery in three varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) known to differ in their level of drought tolerance. Under dehydration, both total respiration and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)-resistant cytochrome (Cyt) pathway respiration by leaf segments decreased significantly compared with well-watered plants. This decrease was more pronounced in the drought-sensitive Sadovo and Prelom genotypes. In contrast, the KCN-resistant SHAM-sensitive alternative (Alt) pathway became increasingly engaged, and accounted for about 80% of the total respiration. In the drought-tolerant Katya variety, increased contribution of the Alt pathway was accompanied by a slight decrease in Cyt pathway activity. Respiration of isolated leaf mitochondria also showed a variety-specific drought response. Mitochondria from drought-sensitive genotypes had low oxidative phosphorylation efficiency after dehydration and rewatering, whereas the drought-tolerant Katya mitochondria showed higher phosphorylation rates. Morphometric analysis of leaf ultrastructure revealed that mitochondria occupied approximately 7% of the cell area in control plants. Under dehydration, in the drought-sensitive varieties this area was reduced to about 2.0%, whereas in Katya it was around 6.0%. The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms underlying variety-specific mitochondrial responses to dehydration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valya Vassileva
- Acad M Popov Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Academik Georgi Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yoshida K, Noguchi K. Differential Gene Expression Profiles of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Components in Illuminated Arabidopsis Leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 50:1449-62. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
40
|
Yamori W, Noguchi K, Hikosaka K, Terashima I. Cold-Tolerant Crop Species Have Greater Temperature Homeostasis of Leaf Respiration and Photosynthesis Than Cold-Sensitive Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 50:203-15. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
41
|
Watanabe CK, Hachiya T, Terashima I, Noguchi K. The lack of alternative oxidase at low temperature leads to a disruption of the balance in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and to an up-regulation of antioxidant defence systems in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2008; 31:1190-202. [PMID: 18507803 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) catalyses the ATP-uncoupling cyanide (CN)-resistant pathway. In this study, our aim was to clarify the physiological role of AOX at low temperature. We examined the effect of low-temperature treatment on CN-resistant respiration (CN-resistant R) and on the transcription of respiratory components in wild-type (WT) and aox1a knock-out transgenic (aox1a) Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In WT leaves, the expression of AOX1a mRNA was strongly induced by the low-temperature treatment, and thus CN-resistant R increased during low-temperature treatment. In aox1a, the CN-sensitive respiration, and the expression of NDB2 and UCP1 were increased compared with WT. We compared several physiological parameters between WT and aox1a. Low-temperature treatment did not result in a visible phenotype to distinguish aox1a from WT. In aox1a, several antioxidant defence genes were induced, and the malondialdehyde content was lower than in WT. Starch content and a ratio of carbon to nitrogen were higher in aox1a than in WT. Our results indicate that a lack of AOX was linked to a difference in the carbon and nitrogen balance, and an up-regulation of the transcription of antioxidant defence system at low temperature. It is likely that AOX is a necessary component in antioxidant defence mechanisms and for the control of a balanced metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro K Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Studart-Guimarães C, Fait A, Nunes-Nesi A, Carrari F, Usadel B, Fernie AR. Reduced expression of succinyl-coenzyme A ligase can be compensated for by up-regulation of the gamma-aminobutyrate shunt in illuminated tomato leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 145:626-39. [PMID: 17885090 PMCID: PMC2048777 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing experimental evidence suggests that the tricarboxylic acid cycle in plants is of greater importance in illuminated photosynthetic tissues than previously thought. In this study, transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants expressing a fragment of the beta-subunit of succinyl-coenzyme A ligase in either the antisense orientation or using the RNA interference approach, however, revealed little alteration in either photosynthesis or plant growth despite exhibiting dramatic reductions in activity. Moreover, the rate of respiration was only moderately affected in the transformants, suggesting that this enzyme does not catalyze a crucial step in mitochondrial respiration. However, metabolite and transcript profiling of these lines alongside enzyme and label redistribution experiments revealed that, whereas considerable activity of this enzyme appears to be dispensable, the reason for such a mild phenotype in extremely inhibited lines was an up-regulation of an alternative pathway for succinate production-that offered by the gamma-aminobutyric acid shunt. When taken together, these data highlight the importance both of succinate production for mitochondrial metabolism and the interplay between various routes of its production. The results are discussed in the context of current models of plant respiration in mitochondrial and cellular metabolism of the illuminated leaf.
Collapse
|
43
|
Noguchi K, Yoshida K. Interaction between photosynthesis and respiration in illuminated leaves. Mitochondrion 2007; 8:87-99. [PMID: 18024239 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that often receive excessive amounts of light energy. This excess energy can be exported from the chloroplasts and dissipated by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The inner membrane of plant mitochondria possesses unique non-phosphorylating pathways, involving alternative oxidase and type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases. There are accumulating amounts of evidence showing that these energy-wasteful pathways are up-regulated under excess light conditions, suggesting that they play key roles in efficient photosynthesis. Based on recent advances in our understanding about the metabolic interaction between chloroplasts and mitochondria, we discuss the importance of the respiratory chain for stabilizing the photosynthetic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Noguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Atkinson LJ, Hellicar MA, Fitter AH, Atkin OK. Impact of temperature on the relationship between respiration and nitrogen concentration in roots: an analysis of scaling relationships, Q10 values and thermal acclimation ratios. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 173:110-20. [PMID: 17176398 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
* The impact of nitrogen (N) supply on the temperature response of root respiratory O(2) uptake (R) was assessed in several herbaceous species grown in solution culture. Warm-grown (25 : 20 degrees C, day:night) plants differing in root N concentration were shifted to 13 : 8 degrees C for 7 d to cold-acclimate. * Log-log plots of root R vs root N concentration both showed that R increased with increasing tissue N concentration, irrespective of the growth temperature. Although the regression slopes of the log-log plots did not differ between the warm-grown and cold-acclimated plants, cold-acclimated plants did exhibit a higher y-axis intercept than their warm-grown counterparts. This suggests that cold acclimation of root R is not entirely dependent on cold-induced increases in tissue N concentration and that scaling relationships (i.e. regression equations fitted to the log-log plots) between root R and N concentration are not fixed. * No systematic differences were found in the short-term Q(10) (proportional change in R per 10 degrees C change in temperature), or degree of cold acclimation (as measured by the proportional difference between warm- and cold-acclimated roots) among roots differing in root N concentration. The temperature response of root R is therefore insensitive to tissue N concentration. * The insensitivity of Q(10) values and acclimation to tissue N concentration raises the possibility that root R and its temperature sensitivity can be predicted for a range of N supply scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey J Atkinson
- Department of Biology, The University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|