1
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Bohn L, Huang J, Weidig S, Yang Z, Heidersberger C, Genty B, Falter-Braun P, Christmann A, Grill E. The temperature sensor TWA1 is required for thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. Nature 2024; 629:1126-1132. [PMID: 38750356 PMCID: PMC11136664 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Plants exposed to incidences of excessive temperatures activate heat-stress responses to cope with the physiological challenge and stimulate long-term acclimation1,2. The mechanism that senses cellular temperature for inducing thermotolerance is still unclear3. Here we show that TWA1 is a temperature-sensing transcriptional co-regulator that is needed for basal and acquired thermotolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. At elevated temperatures, TWA1 changes its conformation and allows physical interaction with JASMONATE-ASSOCIATED MYC-LIKE (JAM) transcription factors and TOPLESS (TPL) and TOPLESS-RELATED (TPR) proteins for repressor complex assembly. TWA1 is a predicted intrinsically disordered protein that has a key thermosensory role functioning through an amino-terminal highly variable region. At elevated temperatures, TWA1 accumulates in nuclear subdomains, and physical interactions with JAM2 and TPL appear to be restricted to these nuclear subdomains. The transcriptional upregulation of the heat shock transcription factor A2 (HSFA2) and heat shock proteins depended on TWA1, and TWA1 orthologues provided different temperature thresholds, consistent with the sensor function in early signalling of heat stress. The identification of the plant thermosensors offers a molecular tool for adjusting thermal acclimation responses of crops by breeding and biotechnology, and a sensitive temperature switch for thermogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bohn
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Jin Huang
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
- Chengdu Newsun Crop Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Susan Weidig
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Christoph Heidersberger
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Bernard Genty
- Aix-Marseille University, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pascal Falter-Braun
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Microbe-Host Interactions, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Christmann
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany.
| | - Erwin Grill
- Chair of Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany.
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2
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Liu L, Liu Y, Ji X, Zhao X, Liu J, Xu N. Coronatine orchestrates ABI1-mediated stomatal opening to facilitate bacterial pathogen infection through importin β protein SAD2. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38683723 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Stomatal immunity plays an important role during bacterial pathogen invasion. Abscisic acid (ABA) induces plants to close their stomata and halt pathogen invasion, but many bacterial pathogens secrete phytotoxin coronatine (COR) to antagonize ABA signaling and reopen the stomata to promote infection at early stage of invasion. However, the underlining mechanism is not clear. SAD2 is an importin β family protein, and the sad2 mutant shows hypersensitivity to ABA. We discovered ABI1, which negatively regulated ABA signaling and reduced plant sensitivity to ABA, was accumulated in the plant nucleus after COR treatment. This event required SAD2 to import ABI1 to the plant nucleus. Abolition of SAD2 undermined ABI1 accumulation. Our study answers the long-standing question of how bacterial COR antagonizes ABA signaling and reopens plant stomata during pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Ndathe R, Kato N. Phosphatidic acid produced by phospholipase Dα1 and Dδ is incorporated into the internal membranes but not involved in the gene expression of RD29A in the abscisic acid signaling network in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1356699. [PMID: 38681216 PMCID: PMC11045897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1356699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Core protein components of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling network, pyrabactin resistance (PYR), protein phosphatases 2C (PP2C), and SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) are involved in the regulation of stomatal closure and gene expression downstream responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phosphatidic acid (PA) produced by the phospholipases Dα1 and Dδ (PLDs) in the plasma membrane has been identified as a necessary molecule in ABA-inducible stomatal closure. On the other hand, the involvement of PA in ABA-inducible gene expression has been suggested but remains a question. In this study, the involvement of PA in the ABA-inducible gene expression was examined in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the canonical RD29A ABA-inducible gene that possesses a single ABA-responsive element (ABRE) in the promoter. The promoter activity and accumulation of the RD29A mRNA during ABA exposure to the plants were analyzed under conditions in which the production of PA by PLDs is abrogated through chemical and genetic modification. Changes in the subcellular localization of PA during the signal transduction were analyzed with confocal microscopy. The results obtained in this study suggest that inhibition of PA production by the PLDs does not affect the promoter activity of RD29A. PA produced by the PLDs and exogenously added PA in the plasma membrane are effectively incorporated into internal membranes to transduce the signal. However, exogenously added PA induces stomatal closure but not RD29A expression. This is because PA produced by the PLDs most likely inhibits the activity of not all but only the selected PP2C family members, the negative regulators of the RD29A promoter. This finding underscores the necessity for experimental verifications to adapt previous knowledge into a signaling network model before its construction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naohiro Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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4
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Yao S, Kim SC, Li J, Tang S, Wang X. Phosphatidic acid signaling and function in nuclei. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101267. [PMID: 38154743 PMCID: PMC10843600 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipidomes are dynamic and their changes generate lipid mediators affecting various biological processes. Phosphatidic acid (PA) has emerged as an important class of lipid mediators involved in a wide range of cellular and physiological responses in plants, animals, and microbes. The regulatory functions of PA have been studied primarily outside the nuclei, but an increasing number of recent studies indicates that some of the PA effects result from its action in nuclei. PA levels in nuclei are dynamic in response to stimuli. Changes in nuclear PA levels can result from activities of enzymes associated with nuclei and/or from movements of PA generated extranuclearly. PA has also been found to interact with proteins involved in nuclear functions, such as transcription factors and proteins undergoing nuclear translocation in response to stimuli. The nuclear action of PA affects various aspects of plant growth, development, and response to stress and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Yao
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Sang-Chul Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Jianwu Li
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
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5
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MdPP2C24/37, Protein Phosphatase Type 2Cs from Apple, Interact with MdPYL2/12 to Negatively Regulate ABA Signaling in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214375. [PMID: 36430851 PMCID: PMC9696740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in the ability of plants to cope with drought stress. As core members of the ABA signaling pathway, protein phosphatase type 2Cs (PP2Cs) have been reported in many species. However, the functions of MdPP2Cs in apple (Malus domestica) are unclear. In this study, we identified two PP2C-encoding genes, MdPP2C24/37, with conserved PP2C catalytic domains, using sequence alignment. The nucleus-located MdPP2C24/37 genes were induced by ABA or mannitol in apple. Genetic analysis revealed that overexpression of MdPP2C24/37 in Arabidopsis thaliana led to plant insensitivity to ABA or mannitol treatment, in terms of inhibiting seed germination and overall seedling establishment. The expression of stress marker genes was upregulated in MdPP2C24/37 transgenic lines. At the same time, MdPP2C24/37 transgenic lines displayed inhibited ABA-mediated stomatal closure, which led to higher water loss rates. Moreover, when exposed to drought stress, chlorophyll levels decreased and MDA and H2O2 levels accumulated in the MdPP2C24/37 transgenic lines. Further, MdPP2C24/37 interacted with MdPYL2/12 in vitro and vivo. The results indicate that MdPP2C24/37 act as negative regulators in response to ABA-mediated drought resistance.
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6
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Blankenagel S, Eggels S, Frey M, Grill E, Bauer E, Dawid C, Fernie AR, Haberer G, Hammerl R, Barbosa Medeiros D, Ouzunova M, Presterl T, Ruß V, Schäufele R, Schlüter U, Tardieu F, Urbany C, Urzinger S, Weber APM, Schön CC, Avramova V. Natural alleles of the abscisic acid catabolism gene ZmAbh4 modulate water use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3860-3872. [PMID: 35792867 PMCID: PMC9520448 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Altering plant water use efficiency (WUE) is a promising approach for achieving sustainable crop production in changing climate scenarios. Here, we show that WUE can be tuned by alleles of a single gene discovered in elite maize (Zea mays) breeding material. Genetic dissection of a genomic region affecting WUE led to the identification of the gene ZmAbh4 as causative for the effect. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ZmAbh4 inactivation increased WUE without growth reductions in well-watered conditions. ZmAbh4 encodes an enzyme that hydroxylates the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and initiates its catabolism. Stomatal conductance is regulated by ABA and emerged as a major link between variation in WUE and discrimination against the heavy carbon isotope (Δ13C) during photosynthesis in the C4 crop maize. Changes in Δ13C persisted in kernel material, which offers an easy-to-screen proxy for WUE. Our results establish a direct physiological and genetic link between WUE and Δ13C through a single gene with potential applications in maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Frey
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Eva Bauer
- Campus Office, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 22, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Georg Haberer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard Hammerl
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Central Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Victoria Ruß
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Grassland, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 12, 85654 Freising, Germany
| | - Urte Schlüter
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Francois Tardieu
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), Place Viala, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Urbany
- KWS SAAT SE, Grimsehlstraße 31, 37555 Einbeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Urzinger
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chris-Carolin Schön
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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7
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Kamiyama Y, Katagiri S, Umezawa T. Growth Promotion or Osmotic Stress Response: How SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Kinases Are Activated and Manage Intracellular Signaling in Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071443. [PMID: 34371646 PMCID: PMC8309267 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation is a major mechanism for regulating protein function and controls a wide range of cellular functions including responses to external stimuli. The plant-specific SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) function as central regulators of plant growth and development, as well as tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Although the activity of SnRK2s is tightly regulated in a phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner, recent investigations have revealed that SnRK2s can be activated by group B Raf-like protein kinases independently of ABA. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that SnRK2s modulate plant growth through regulation of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Here, we summarize recent advances in knowledge of how SnRK2s mediate plant growth and osmotic stress signaling and discuss future challenges in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sotaro Katagiri
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
- Correspondence:
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8
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Bojack G, Baltz R, Dittgen J, Fischer C, Freigang J, Getachew R, Grill E, Helmke H, Hohmann S, Lange G, Lehr S, Porée F, Schmidt J, Schmutzler D, Yang Z, Frackenpohl J. Synthesis and Exploration of Abscisic Acid Receptor Agonists Against Dought Stress by Adding Constraint to a Tetrahydroquinoline‐Based Lead Structure. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Bojack
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Rachel Baltz
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jan Dittgen
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Christian Fischer
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jörg Freigang
- Research & Development Research Technology, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50 40789 Monheim Germany
| | - Rahel Getachew
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan Technische Universität München Emil-Ramann-Straße 4 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Hendrik Helmke
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sabine Hohmann
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Gudrun Lange
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Fabien Porée
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jana Schmidt
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dirk Schmutzler
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan Technische Universität München Emil-Ramann-Straße 4 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Jens Frackenpohl
- Research & Development, Weed Control, Division Crop Science Bayer AG Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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9
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Zheng M, Peng T, Yang T, Yan J, Yang K, Meng D, Hsu YF. Arabidopsis MHP1, a homologue of yeast Mpo1, is involved in ABA signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110732. [PMID: 33568285 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids and their intermediates play multiple roles in biological processes. The sphingoid long-chain base component of sphingolipids has emerged as a participant in the regulation of plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many stress responses in plants for environmental adaptation. However, the relationship between the sphingoid bases and ABA is undetermined. In this study, mhp1-1 (the yeast Mpo1 homolog in plants) was isolated through a sodium chloride (NaCl)-sensitivity screen of Arabidopsis transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion mutants. mhp1-1 was hypersensitivity to salt/osmotic stress and ABA. MHP1 encodes a protein with a domain of unknown function 962 (DUF962). Endoplasmic reticulum-localized MHP1 was found to interact with ABI1. MHP1, a homolog of yeast dioxygenase Mpo1, rescued the growth arrest of mpo1Δ cells caused by ER stress, suggesting functional homology of MHP1 to Mpo1. Overall, MHP1 plays important roles in response to ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Tao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiawen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kezhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Dong Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi-Feng Hsu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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10
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Garcia-Maquilon I, Coego A, Lozano-Juste J, Messerer M, de Ollas C, Julian J, Ruiz-Partida R, Pizzio G, Belda-Palazón B, Gomez-Cadenas A, Mayer KFX, Geiger D, Alquraishi SA, Alrefaei AF, Ache P, Hedrich R, Rodriguez PL. PYL8 ABA receptors of Phoenix dactylifera play a crucial role in response to abiotic stress and are stabilized by ABA. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:757-774. [PMID: 33529339 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The identification of those prevalent abscisic acid (ABA) receptors and molecular mechanisms that trigger drought adaptation in crops well adapted to harsh conditions such as date palm (Phoenix dactylifera, Pd) sheds light on plant-environment interactions. We reveal that PdPYL8-like receptors are predominantly expressed under abiotic stress, with Pd27 being the most expressed receptor in date palm. Therefore, subfamily I PdPYL8-like receptors have been selected for ABA signaling during abiotic stress response in this crop. Biochemical characterization of PdPYL8-like and PdPYL1-like receptors revealed receptor- and ABA-dependent inhibition of PP2Cs, which triggers activation of the pRD29B-LUC reporter in response to ABA. PdPYLs efficiently abolish PP2C-mediated repression of ABA signaling, but loss of the Trp lock in the seed-specific AHG1-like phosphatase PdPP2C79 markedly impairs its inhibition by ABA receptors. Characterization of Arabidopsis transgenic plants that express PdPYLs shows enhanced ABA signaling in seed, root, and guard cells. Specifically, Pd27-overexpressing plants showed lower ABA content and were more efficient than the wild type in lowering transpiration at negative soil water potential, leading to enhanced drought tolerance. Finally, PdPYL8-like receptors accumulate after ABA treatment, which suggests that ABA-induced stabilization of these receptors operates in date palm for efficient boosting of ABA signaling in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Garcia-Maquilon
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Coego
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Lozano-Juste
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maxim Messerer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carlos de Ollas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jose Julian
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Ruiz-Partida
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gaston Pizzio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Belda-Palazón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gomez-Cadenas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Saleh A Alquraishi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Komatsu K, Takezawa D, Sakata Y. Decoding ABA and osmostress signalling in plants from an evolutionary point of view. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2894-2911. [PMID: 33459424 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is fundamental for land plant adaptation to water-limited conditions. Osmostress, such as drought, induces ABA accumulation in angiosperms, triggering physiological responses such as stomata closure. The core components of angiosperm ABA signalling are soluble ABA receptors, group A protein phosphatase type 2C and SNF1-related protein kinase2 (SnRK2). ABA also has various functions in non-angiosperms, however, suggesting that its role in adaptation to land may not have been angiosperm-specific. Indeed, among land plants, the core ABA signalling components are evolutionarily conserved, implying their presence in a common ancestor. Results of ongoing functional genomics studies of ABA signalling components in bryophytes and algae have expanded our understanding of the evolutionary role of ABA signalling, with genome sequencing uncovering the ABA core module even in algae. In this review, we describe recent discoveries involving the ABA core module in non-angiosperms, tracing the footprints of how ABA evolved as a phytohormone. We also cover the latest findings on Raf-like kinases as upstream regulators of the core ABA module component SnRK2. Finally, we discuss the origin of ABA signalling from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Komatsu
- Department of Bioresource Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Han X, Wu K, Fu X, Liu Q. Improving coordination of plant growth and nitrogen metabolism for sustainable agriculture. ABIOTECH 2020; 1:255-275. [PMID: 36304130 PMCID: PMC9590520 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-020-00027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural green revolution of the 1960s boosted cereal crop yield was in part due to cultivation of semi-dwarf green revolution varieties. The semi-dwarf plants resist lodging and require high nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs to maximize yield. To produce higher grain yield, inorganic fertilizer has been overused by Chinese farmers in intensive crop production. With the ongoing increase in the food demand of global population and the environmental pollution, improving crop productivity with reduced N supply is a pressing challenge. Despite a great deal of research efforts, to date only a few genes that improve N use efficiency (NUE) have been identified. The molecular mechanisms underlying the coordination of plant growth, carbon (C) and N assimilation is still not fully understood, thus preventing significant improvement. Recent advances have shed light on how explore NUE within an overall plant biology system that considered the co-regulation of plant growth, C and N metabolisms as a whole, rather than focusing specifically on N uptake and assimilation. There are several potential approaches to improve NUE discussed in this review. Increasing knowledge of how plants sense and respond to changes in N availability, as well as identifying new targets for breeding strategies to simultaneously improve NUE and grain yield, could usher in a new green revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Kun Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Qian Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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13
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Miao J, Li X, Li X, Tan W, You A, Wu S, Tao Y, Chen C, Wang J, Zhang D, Gong Z, Yi C, Yang Z, Gu M, Liang G, Zhou Y. OsPP2C09, a negative regulatory factor in abscisic acid signalling, plays an essential role in balancing plant growth and drought tolerance in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1417-1433. [PMID: 32433775 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants maintain a dynamic balance between plant growth and stress tolerance to optimise their fitness and ensure survival. Here, we investigated the roles of a clade A type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C)-encoding gene, OsPP2C09, in regulating the trade-off between plant growth and drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The OsPP2C09 protein interacted with the core components of abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and showed PP2C phosphatase activity in vitro. OsPP2C09 positively affected plant growth but acted as a negative regulator of drought tolerance through ABA signalling. Transcript and protein levels of OsPP2C09 were rapidly induced by exogenous ABA treatments, which suppressed excessive ABA signalling and plant growth arrest. OsPP2C09 transcript levels in roots were much higher than those in shoots under normal conditions. After ABA, polyethylene glycol and dehydration treatments, the accumulation rate of OsPP2C09 transcripts in roots was more rapid and greater than that in shoots. This differential expression between the roots and shoots may increase the plant's root-to-shoot ratio under drought-stress conditions. This study sheds new light on the roles of OsPP2C09 in coordinating plant growth and drought tolerance. In particular, we propose that OsPP2C09-mediated ABA desensitisation contributes to root elongation under drought-stress conditions in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiangbo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenchen Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Shujun Wu
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Yajun Tao
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Dongping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhiyun Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chuandeng Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Minghong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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14
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Protein Phosphatases Type 2C Group A Interact with and Regulate the Stability of ACC Synthase 7 in Arabidopsis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040978. [PMID: 32326656 PMCID: PMC7227406 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is an important plant hormone that controls growth, development, aging and stress responses. The rate-limiting enzymes in ethylene biosynthesis, the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthases (ACSs), are strictly regulated at many levels, including posttranslational control of protein half-life. Reversible phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events play a pivotal role as signals for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. We showed previously that ABI1, a group A protein phosphatase type 2C (PP2C) and a key negative regulator of abscisic acid signaling regulates type I ACS stability. Here we provide evidence that ABI1 also contributes to the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis via ACS7, a type III ACS without known regulatory domains. Using various approaches, we show that ACS7 interacts with ABI1, ABI2 and HAB1. We use molecular modeling to predict the amino acid residues involved in ABI1/ACS7 complex formation and confirm these predictions by mcBiFC–FRET–FLIM analysis. Using a cell-free degradation assay, we show that proteasomal degradation of ACS7 is delayed in protein extracts prepared from PP2C type A knockout plants, compared to a wild-type extract. This study therefore shows that ACS7 undergoes complex regulation governed by ABI1, ABI2 and HAB1. Furthermore, this suggests that ACS7, together with PP2Cs, plays an essential role in maintaining appropriate levels of ethylene in Arabidopsis.
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15
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Mass-spectrometry-based draft of the Arabidopsis proteome. Nature 2020; 579:409-414. [PMID: 32188942 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants are essential for life and are extremely diverse organisms with unique molecular capabilities1. Here we present a quantitative atlas of the transcriptomes, proteomes and phosphoproteomes of 30 tissues of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Our analysis provides initial answers to how many genes exist as proteins (more than 18,000), where they are expressed, in which approximate quantities (a dynamic range of more than six orders of magnitude) and to what extent they are phosphorylated (over 43,000 sites). We present examples of how the data may be used, such as to discover proteins that are translated from short open-reading frames, to uncover sequence motifs that are involved in the regulation of protein production, and to identify tissue-specific protein complexes or phosphorylation-mediated signalling events. Interactive access to this resource for the plant community is provided by the ProteomicsDB and ATHENA databases, which include powerful bioinformatics tools to explore and characterize Arabidopsis proteins, their modifications and interactions.
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16
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The MATH-BTB BPM3 and BPM5 subunits of Cullin3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases target PP2CA and other clade A PP2Cs for degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15725-15734. [PMID: 31308219 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908677116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early abscisic acid signaling involves degradation of clade A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) as a complementary mechanism to PYR/PYL/RCAR-mediated inhibition of PP2C activity. At later steps, ABA induces up-regulation of PP2C transcripts and protein levels as a negative feedback mechanism. Therefore, resetting of ABA signaling also requires PP2C degradation to avoid excessive ABA-induced accumulation of PP2Cs. It has been demonstrated that ABA induces the degradation of existing ABI1 and PP2CA through the PUB12/13 and RGLG1/5 E3 ligases, respectively. However, other unidentified E3 ligases are predicted to regulate protein stability of clade A PP2Cs as well. In this work, we identified BTB/POZ AND MATH DOMAIN proteins (BPMs), substrate adaptors of the multimeric cullin3 (CUL3)-RING-based E3 ligases (CRL3s), as PP2CA-interacting proteins. BPM3 and BPM5 interact in the nucleus with PP2CA as well as with ABI1, ABI2, and HAB1. BPM3 and BPM5 accelerate the turnover of PP2Cs in an ABA-dependent manner and their overexpression leads to enhanced ABA sensitivity, whereas bpm3 bpm5 plants show increased accumulation of PP2CA, ABI1 and HAB1, which leads to global diminished ABA sensitivity. Using biochemical and genetic assays, we demonstrated that ubiquitination of PP2CA depends on BPM function. Given the formation of receptor-ABA-phosphatase ternary complexes is markedly affected by the abundance of protein components and ABA concentration, we reveal that BPMs and multimeric CRL3 E3 ligases are important modulators of PP2C coreceptor levels to regulate early ABA signaling as well as the later desensitizing-resetting steps.
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17
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Belda-Palazon B, Julian J, Coego A, Wu Q, Zhang X, Batistic O, Alquraishi SA, Kudla J, An C, Rodriguez PL. ABA inhibits myristoylation and induces shuttling of the RGLG1 E3 ligase to promote nuclear degradation of PP2CA. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:813-825. [PMID: 30730075 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hormone- and stress-induced shuttling of signaling or regulatory proteins is an important cellular mechanism to modulate hormone signaling and cope with abiotic stress. Hormone-induced ubiquitination plays a crucial role to determine the half-life of key negative regulators of hormone signaling. For ABA signaling, the degradation of clade-A PP2Cs, such as PP2CA or ABI1, is a complementary mechanism to PYR/PYL/RCAR-mediated inhibition of PP2C activity. ABA promotes the degradation of PP2CA through the RGLG1 E3 ligase, although it is not known how ABA enhances the interaction of RGLG1 with PP2CA given that they are predominantly found in the plasma membrane and the nucleus, respectively. We demonstrate that ABA modifies the subcellular localization of RGLG1 and promotes nuclear interaction with PP2CA. We found RGLG1 is myristoylated in vivo, which facilitates its attachment to the plasma membrane. ABA inhibits the myristoylation of RGLG1 through the downregulation of N-myristoyltransferase 1 (NMT1) and promotes nuclear translocation of RGLG1 in a cycloheximide-insensitive manner. Enhanced nuclear recruitment of the E3 ligase was also promoted by increasing PP2CA protein levels and the formation of RGLG1-receptor-phosphatase complexes. We show that RGLG1Gly2Ala mutated at the N-terminal myristoylation site shows constitutive nuclear localization and causes an enhanced response to ABA and salt or osmotic stress. RGLG1/5 can interact with certain monomeric ABA receptors, which facilitates the formation of nuclear complexes such as RGLG1-PP2CA-PYL8. In summary, we provide evidence that an E3 ligase can dynamically relocalize in response to both ABA and increased levels of its target, which reveals a mechanism to explain how ABA enhances RGLG1-PP2CA interaction and hence PP2CA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Belda-Palazon
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Julian
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Coego
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Qian Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Batistic
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Saleh A Alquraishi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joerg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Chengcai An
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Wu J, Jin Y, Liu C, Vonapartis E, Liang J, Wu W, Gazzarrini S, He J, Yi M. GhNAC83 inhibits corm dormancy release by regulating ABA signaling and cytokinin biosynthesis in Gladiolus hybridus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1221-1237. [PMID: 30517656 PMCID: PMC6382327 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Corm dormancy is an important trait for breeding in many bulb flowers, including the most cultivated Gladiolus hybridus. Gladiolus corms are modified underground stems that function as storage organs and remain dormant to survive adverse environmental conditions. Unlike seed dormancy, not much is known about corm dormancy. Here, we characterize the mechanism of corm dormancy release (CDR) in Gladiolus. We identified an important ABA (abscisic acid) signaling regulator, GhPP2C1 (protein phosphatase 2C1), by transcriptome analysis of CDR. GhPP2C1 expression increased during CDR, and silencing of GhPP2C1 expression in dormant cormels delayed CDR. Furthermore, we show that GhPP2C1 expression is directly regulated by GhNAC83, which was identified by yeast one-hybrid library screening. In planta assays show that GhNAC83 is a negative regulator of GhPP2C1, and silencing of GhNAC83 promoted CDR. As expected, silencing of GhNAC83 decreased the ABA level, but also dramatically increased cytokinin (CK; zeatin) content in cormels. Binding assays demonstrate that GhNAC83 associates with the GhIPT (ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE) promoter and negatively regulates zeatin biosynthesis. Taken together, our results reveal that GhNAC83 promotes ABA signaling and synthesis, and inhibits CK biosynthesis pathways, thereby inhibiting CDR. These findings demonstrate that GhNAC83 regulates the ABA and CK pathways, and therefore controls corm dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Yujie Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Eliana Vonapartis
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Junna He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mingfang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
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Waadt R, Jawurek E, Hashimoto K, Li Y, Scholz M, Krebs M, Czap G, Hong-Hermesdorf A, Hippler M, Grill E, Kudla J, Schumacher K. Modulation of ABA responses by the protein kinase WNK8. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:339-351. [PMID: 30556127 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates growth and developmental processes in response to limiting water conditions. ABA functions through a core signaling pathway consisting of PYR1/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), and SnRK2-type protein kinases. Other signaling modules might converge with ABA signals through the modulation of core ABA signaling components. We have investigated the role of the protein kinase WNK8 in ABA signaling. WNK8 interacted with PP2CA and PYR1, phosphorylated PYR1 in vitro, and was dephosphorylated by PP2CA. A hypermorphic wnk8-ct Arabidopsis mutant allele suppressed ABA and glucose hypersensitivities of pp2ca-1 mutants during young seedling development, and WNK8 expression in protoplasts suppressed ABA-induced reporter gene expression. We conclude that WNK8 functions as a negative modulator of ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Waadt
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Jawurek
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gereon Czap
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Anne Hong-Hermesdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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PYL8 mediates ABA perception in the root through non-cell-autonomous and ligand-stabilization-based mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11857-E11863. [PMID: 30482863 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815410115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role regulating root growth, root system architecture, and root adaptive responses, such as hydrotropism. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the action of core ABA signaling components in roots are not fully understood. ABA is perceived through receptors from the PYR/PYL/RCAR family and PP2C coreceptors. PYL8/RCAR3 plays a nonredundant role in regulating primary and lateral root growth. Here we demonstrate that ABA specifically stabilizes PYL8 compared with other ABA receptors and induces accumulation of PYL8 in root nuclei. This requires ABA perception by PYL8 and leads to diminished ubiquitination of PYL8 in roots. The ABA agonist quinabactin, which promotes root ABA signaling through dimeric receptors, fails to stabilize the monomeric receptor PYL8. Moreover, a PYL8 mutant unable to bind ABA and inhibit PP2C is not stabilized by the ligand, whereas a PYL85KR mutant is more stable than PYL8 at endogenous ABA concentrations. The PYL8 transcript was detected in the epidermis and stele of the root meristem; however, the PYL8 protein was also detected in adjacent tissues. Expression of PYL8 driven by tissue-specific promoters revealed movement to adjacent tissues. Hence both inter- and intracellular trafficking of PYL8 appears to occur in the root apical meristem. Our findings reveal a non-cell-autonomous mechanism for hormone receptors and help explain the nonredundant role of PYL8-mediated root ABA signaling.
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Ectopic expression of mutated type 2C protein phosphatase OsABI-LIKE2 decreases abscisic acid sensitivity in Arabidopsis and rice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12320. [PMID: 30120350 PMCID: PMC6097999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that is necessary for stress adaptation. Recent studies have reported that attenuated levels of ABA improved grain yield and seedling growth under low temperature in cereals. To improve plant growth under low temperature, we attempted to generate ABA-insensitive transgenic rice by expressing a clade A type 2C protein phosphatase (OsPP2C), OsABIL2, with or without the mutation equivalent to the Arabidopsis abi1-1 mutation. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that the interaction between OsABIL2 and a putative rice ABA receptor, OsPYL1, was ABA-dependent, and the interaction was lost with amino acid substitution from glycine to aspartic acid at the 183rd amino acid of the OsABIL2 protein, corresponding to abi1-1 mutation. The constitutive expression of OsABIL2 or OsABIL2G183D in Arabidopsis or rice decreased ABA sensitivity to differing degrees. Moreover, the transgenic rice expressing OsABIL2G183D exhibited improved seedling growth under low temperature, although the transgenic lines showed unfavorable traits, such as viviparous germination and elongated internodes. These results indicated that the introduction of abi1-1 type dominant mutation was also effective in OsABIL2 at decreasing ABA sensitivity in plants, and the attenuation of ABA sensitivity could be an alternative parameter to improve rice performance under low temperatures.
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22
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Han L, Li J, Jin M, Su Y. Functional analysis of a type 2C protein phosphatase gene from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. Gene 2018; 653:29-42. [PMID: 29427736 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis and certain other plant species, the type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) of the clade A class have been demonstrated to act as negative regulators in ABA-induced stress responses, such as stomatal closure. The present study reports the identification of a PP2C ortholog from the ancient desert shrub Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.) Cheng f. (AmPP2C), which is functionally conserved over its counterparts reported from other plant species. AmPP2C was primarily expressed in leaves, with strong transcriptional accumulation being observed in the guard cells. The expression of AmPP2C was induced in response to PEG or ABA treatments, implying the potential involvement in ABA-induced stress responses. The GFP-tagging observation revealed that AmPP2C was predominantly localized to the nuclei and partly to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, BiFC assays demonstrated an interaction between AmPP2C and the typical protein kinase SnRK2.6 (AmOST1). Overexpression of AmPP2C in Arabidopsis significantly overcame the inhibition of seed germination by ABA. The transgenic Arabidopsis lines exhibited larger stomatal apertures and significantly reduced sensitivity to ABA-induced stomatal closure, which subsequently led to greater water loss and decreased biomass under PEG-simulated drought stress treatments. Under limited nitrogen or potassium supplements, plants overexpressing AmPP2C obtained a superior capability of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) acquisition in the green parts. Therefore, the impairment of ABA-induced stomatal closure rendered by the function of PP2C helped to identify a potential survival strategy in plants suffering persistent drought stress via the maintenance of the necessary mineral nutrient acquisition driven by transpirational solute flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Junlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Man Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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23
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Frackenpohl J, Bojack G, Baltz R, Bickers U, Busch M, Dittgen J, Franke J, Freigang J, Grill E, Gonzalez S, Helmke H, Hills MJ, Hohmann S, von Koskull-Döring P, Kleemann J, Lange G, Lehr S, Schmutzler D, Schulz A, Walther K, Willms L, Wunschel C. Potent Analogues of Abscisic Acid - Identifying Cyano-Cyclopropyl Moieties as Promising Replacements for the Cyclohexenone Headgroup. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Frackenpohl
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Guido Bojack
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Rachel Baltz
- Bayer S.A.S. Centre de Recherche de La Dargoire; 14 Impasse Pierre Baizet 69263 Cedex 09 Lyon France
| | - Udo Bickers
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marco Busch
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jan Dittgen
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jana Franke
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jörg Freigang
- Research & Development, Research Technology; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Gebäude 6240, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50 40789 Monheim Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; Emil-Ramann-Straße 4 85354 Germany
| | - Susana Gonzalez
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Hendrik Helmke
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Martin J. Hills
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sabine Hohmann
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Pascal von Koskull-Döring
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jochen Kleemann
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Gudrun Lange
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dirk Schmutzler
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Arno Schulz
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Kerstin Walther
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Lothar Willms
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Christian Wunschel
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; Emil-Ramann-Straße 4 85354 Germany
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24
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Frackenpohl J, Grill E, Bojack G, Baltz R, Busch M, Dittgen J, Franke J, Freigang J, Gonzalez S, Heinemann I, Helmke H, Hills M, Hohmann S, von Koskull-Döring P, Kleemann J, Lange G, Lehr S, Müller T, Peschel E, Poree F, Schmutzler D, Schulz A, Willms L, Wunschel C. Insights into the in Vitro and in Vivo SAR of Abscisic Acid - Exploring Unprecedented Variations of the Side Chain via Cross-Coupling-Mediated Syntheses. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Frackenpohl
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; Emil-Ramann-Straße 4 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Guido Bojack
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Rachel Baltz
- Bayer S.A.S. Centre de Recherche de La Dargoire; 14 Impasse Pierre Baizet 69263 Cedex 09 Lyon France
| | - Marco Busch
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jan Dittgen
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jana Franke
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jörg Freigang
- Research & Development, Research Technology; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Gebäude 6240, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50 40789 Monheim Germany
| | - Susana Gonzalez
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Ines Heinemann
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Hendrik Helmke
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Martin Hills
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sabine Hohmann
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Pascal von Koskull-Döring
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jochen Kleemann
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Gudrun Lange
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Elisabeth Peschel
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Fabien Poree
- Bayer SAS, Toxicology, Toxicology Research; 355, rue Dostoievski, CS 90153 Valbonne, 06906 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex France
| | - Dirk Schmutzler
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Arno Schulz
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Lothar Willms
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Christian Wunschel
- Research & Development, Weed Control; Bayer AG, CropScience Division; Industriepark Höchst; Geb. G836 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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25
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Li D, Zhang L, Li X, Kong X, Wang X, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang J, Li X, Yang Y. AtRAE1 is involved in degradation of ABA receptor RCAR1 and negatively regulates ABA signalling in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:231-244. [PMID: 29044697 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in regulating plant growth, development, and adaption to various environmental stresses. Regulatory components of ABA receptors (RCARs, also known as PYR/PYLs) sense ABA and initiate ABA signalling through inhibiting the activities of protein phosphatase 2C in Arabidopsis. However, the way in which ABA receptors are regulated is not well known. A DWD protein AtRAE1 (for RNA export factor 1 in Arabidopsis), which may act as a substrate receptor of CUL4-DDB1 E3 ligase, is an interacting partner of RCAR1/PYL9. The physical interaction between RCAR1 and AtRAE1 is confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of AtRAE1 in Arabidopsis causes reduced sensitivity of plants to ABA, whereas suppression of AtRAE1 causes increased sensitivity to ABA. Analysis of protein stability demonstrates that RCAR1 is ubiquitinated and degraded in plant cells and AtRAE1 regulates the degradation speed of RCAR1. Our findings indicate that AtRAE1 likely participates in ABA signalling through regulating the degradation of ABA receptor RCAR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiangge Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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26
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Papacek M, Christmann A, Grill E. Interaction network of ABA receptors in grey poplar. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:199-210. [PMID: 28746755 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a key player in responses to abiotic stress. ABA regulates a plant's water status and mediates drought tolerance by controlling stomatal gas exchange, water conductance and differential gene expression. ABA is recognized and bound by the Regulatory Component of ABA Receptors (RCARs)/PYR1/PYL (Pyrabactin Resistance 1/PYR1-like). Ligand binding stabilizes the interaction of RCARs with type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2C), which are ABA co-receptors. While the core pathway of ABA signalling has been elucidated, the large number of different ABA receptors and co-receptors within a plant species generates a complexity of heteromeric receptor complexes that has not functionally been resolved in any plant species to date. In this study, we characterized ABA receptors and co-receptors of grey poplar (Populus x canescens [Ait.] Sm.) and their capacity to regulate ABA responses. We observed a high number of regulatory combinations of holo-receptor complexes, but also some preferential and selective RCAR-PP2C interactions. Poplar and Arabidopsis ABA receptor components revealed a strong structural and functional conservation. Heterologous receptor complexes of poplar and Arabidopsis components showed functionality in vitro and regulated ABA-responsive gene expression in cells of both species. ABA-responsive promoters of Arabidopsis were also active in poplar, which was explored to generate poplar reporter lines expressing green fluorescent protein in response to ABA. The study presents a detailed analysis of receptor complexes of a tree species and shows high conservation of ABA receptor components between an annual and a perennial plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Papacek
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann Straße 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Christmann
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann Straße 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann Straße 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
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27
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Combinatorial interaction network of abscisic acid receptors and coreceptors from Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10280-10285. [PMID: 28874521 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706593114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is induced in response to abiotic stress to mediate plant acclimation to environmental challenge. Key players of the ABA-signaling pathway are the ABA-binding receptors (RCAR/PYR1/PYL), which, together with a plant-specific subclade of protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), form functional holoreceptors. The Arabidopsis genome encodes nine PP2C coreceptors and 14 different RCARs, which can be divided into three subfamilies. The presence of these gene families in higher plants points to the existence of an intriguing regulatory network and poses questions as to the functional compatibility and specificity of receptor-coreceptor interactions. Here, we analyzed all RCAR-PP2C combinations for their capacity to regulate ABA signaling by transient expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Of 126 possible RCAR-PP2C pairings, 113 were found to be functional. The three subfamilies within the RCAR family showed different sensitivities to regulating the ABA response at basal ABA levels when efficiently expressed. At exogenous high ABA levels, the RCARs regulated most PP2Cs and activated the ABA response to a similar extent. The PP2C AHG1 was regulated only by RCAR1/PYL9, RCAR2/PYL7, and RCAR3/PYL8, which are characterized by a unique tyrosine residue. Site-directed mutagenesis of RCAR1 showed that its tyrosine residue is critical for AHG1 interaction and regulation. Furthermore, the PP2Cs HAI1 to HAI3 were regulated by all RCARs, and the ABA receptor RCAR4/PYL10 showed ABA-dependent PP2C regulation. The findings unravel the interaction network of possible RCAR-PP2C pairings and their different potentials to serve a rheostat function for integrating fluctuating hormone levels into the ABA-response pathway.
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28
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Fang Q, Jiang T, Xu L, Liu H, Mao H, Wang X, Jiao B, Duan Y, Wang Q, Dong Q, Yang L, Tian G, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Liu X, Wang H, Fan D, Wang B, Luo K. A salt-stress-regulator from the Poplar R2R3 MYB family integrates the regulation of lateral root emergence and ABA signaling to mediate salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 114:100-110. [PMID: 28285084 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The roles of most MYB transcription factors (TFs) in the poplar remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PtrSSR1, a salt-stress-regulator in the Populus trichocarpa R2R3 MYB gene family, mediates the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants to salt stress. The transcripts of PtrSSR1 could be induced by salt stress rapidly in poplar. Subcellular localization and yeast assays indicated that PtrSSR1 encoded a nuclear protein with transactivation activity. The Arabidopsis transformants overexpressing PtrSSR1 clearly displayed lateral root emergence (LRE) inhibition compared with wild-type (Wt) under normal conditions; while upon NaCl treatment, the transformants showed improved tolerance, and the LRs emerged faster from salt-induced inhibition. A strong correlation could exist between the LRE mediated by PtrSSR1 and abscisic acid (ABA), mainly because the transformants displayed more sensitivity to exogenous ABA during both seed germination and LRE, and had a distinctly increased level of endogenous ABA. Furthermore, several ABA- and salt-related genes, such as NCED3, ABI1 and CBL1, were up-regulated. Thus, our results suggest that elevation in the endogenous ABA content bring alteration of plant LR development, and that the poplar R2R3 MYB TF PtrSSR1 vitally improve salt stress tolerance by integrating the regulation of LRE and ABA signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education Chongqing, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, School of Biological Science and Technology, Enshi 445000, China.
| | - Tianzhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, School of Biological Science and Technology, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Liangxiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, School of Biological Science and Technology, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, School of Biological Science and Technology, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, School of Biological Science and Technology, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Xianqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education Chongqing, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education Chongqing, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanjiao Duan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education Chongqing, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, School of Biological Science and Technology, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Qiannan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, School of Biological Science and Technology, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education Chongqing, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guozheng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, School of Biological Science and Technology, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, School of Biological Science and Technology, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, School of Biological Science and Technology, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, School of Biological Science and Technology, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, School of Biological Science and Technology, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Di Fan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education Chongqing, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education Chongqing, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education Chongqing, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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29
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Production of ABA responses requires both the nuclear and cytoplasmic functional involvement of PYR1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:34-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Li Z, Waadt R, Schroeder JI. Release of GTP Exchange Factor Mediated Down-Regulation of Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction through ABA-Induced Rapid Degradation of RopGEFs. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002461. [PMID: 27192441 PMCID: PMC4871701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is critical to plant development and stress responses. Abiotic stress triggers an ABA signal transduction cascade, which is comprised of the core components PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, PP2C-type protein phosphatases, and protein kinases. Small GTPases of the ROP/RAC family act as negative regulators of ABA signal transduction. However, the mechanisms by which ABA controls the behavior of ROP/RACs have remained unclear. Here, we show that an Arabidopsis guanine nucleotide exchange factor protein RopGEF1 is rapidly sequestered to intracellular particles in response to ABA. GFP-RopGEF1 is sequestered via the endosome-prevacuolar compartment pathway and is degraded. RopGEF1 directly interacts with several clade A PP2C protein phosphatases, including ABI1. Interestingly, RopGEF1 undergoes constitutive degradation in pp2c quadruple abi1/abi2/hab1/pp2ca mutant plants, revealing that active PP2C protein phosphatases protect and stabilize RopGEF1 from ABA-mediated degradation. Interestingly, ABA-mediated degradation of RopGEF1 also plays an important role in ABA-mediated inhibition of lateral root growth. The presented findings point to a PP2C-RopGEF-ROP/RAC control loop model that is proposed to aid in shutting off ABA signal transduction, to counteract leaky ABA signal transduction caused by "monomeric" PYL/RCAR ABA receptors in the absence of stress, and facilitate signaling in response to ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Li
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Li Y, Deng H, Miao M, Li H, Huang S, Wang S, Liu Y. Tomato MBD5, a methyl CpG binding domain protein, physically interacting with UV-damaged DNA binding protein-1, functions in multiple processes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:208-26. [PMID: 26551231 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), high pigment mutations (hp-1 and hp-2) were mapped to genes encoding UV-damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) and de-etiolated-1 (DET1), respectively. Here we characterized a tomato methyl-CpG-binding domain protein SlMBD5 identified by yeast two-hybrid screening using SlDDB1 as a bait. Yeast two-hybrid assay demonstrated that the physical interaction of SlMBD5 with SlDDB1 is mediated by the C-termini of SlMBD5 and the β-propeller-C (BPC) of SlDDB1. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that SlMBD5 associates with SlDDB1-interacting partners including SlDET1, SlCUL4, SlRBX1a and SlRBX1b in vivo. SlMBD5 was shown to target to nucleus and dimerizes via its MBD motif. Electrophoresis mobility shift analysis suggested that the MBD of SlMBD5 specifically binds to methylated CpG dinucleotides but not to methylated CpHpG or CpHpH dinucleotides. SlMBD5 expressed in protoplast is capable of activating transcription of CG islands, whereas CUL4/DDB1 antagonizes this effect. Overexpressing SlMBD5 resulted in diverse developmental alterations including darker green fruits with increased plastid level and elevated pigmentation, as well as enhanced expression of SlGLK2, a key regulator of plastid biogenesis. Taken together, we hypothesize that the physical interaction of SlMBD5 with the CUL4-DDB1-DET1 complex component may affect its binding activity to methylated DNA and subsequently attenuate its transcription activation of downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- Ministry of education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, State key laboratory of Hydraulics and mountain River Engineering, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Heng Deng
- Ministry of education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, State key laboratory of Hydraulics and mountain River Engineering, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Min Miao
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Huirong Li
- Ministry of education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, State key laboratory of Hydraulics and mountain River Engineering, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shengxiong Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Ministry of education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, State key laboratory of Hydraulics and mountain River Engineering, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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32
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Li C, Shen H, Wang T, Wang X. ABA Regulates Subcellular Redistribution of OsABI-LIKE2, a Negative Regulator in ABA Signaling, to Control Root Architecture and Drought Resistance in Oryza sativa. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:2396-408. [PMID: 26491145 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone ABA is a key stress signal in plants. Although the identification of ABA receptors led to significant progress in understanding the Arabidopsis ABA signaling pathway, there are still many unsolved mysteries regarding ABA signaling in monocots, such as rice. Here, we report that a rice ortholog of AtABI1 and AtABI2, named OsABI-LIKE2 (OsABIL2), plays a negative role in rice ABA signaling. Overexpression of OsABIL2 not only led to ABA insensitivity, but also significantly altered plant developmental phenotypes, including stomatal density and root architecture, which probably caused the hypersensitivity to drought stress. OsABIL2 interacts with OsPYL1, SAPK8 and SAPK10 both in vitro and in vivo, and the phosphatase activity of OsABIL2 was repressed by ABA-bound OsPYL1. However, unlike many other solely nuclear-localized clade A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), OsABIL2 is localized in both the nucleus and cytosol. Furthermore, OsABIL2 interacts with and co-localized with OsPYL1 mainly in the cytosol, and ABA treatment regulates the nucleus-cytosol distribution of OsABIL2, suggesting a different mechanism for the activation of ABA signaling. Taken together, this study provides significant insights into rice ABA signaling and indicates the important role of OsABIL2 in regulating root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongyun Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xuelu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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Zhou X, Hao H, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Zhu W, Qin Y, Yuan F, Zhao F, Wang M, Hu J, Xu H, Guo A, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Cao C, Yang Y, Schumaker KS, Guo Y, Xie CG. SOS2-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE5, an SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE3-Type Protein Kinase, Is Important for Abscisic Acid Responses in Arabidopsis through Phosphorylation of ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:659-76. [PMID: 25858916 PMCID: PMC4453773 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.255455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an essential role in seed germination. In this study, we demonstrate that one SNF1-related protein kinase3-type protein kinase, SOS2-like protein kinase5 (PKS5), is involved in ABA signal transduction via the phosphorylation of an interacting protein, abscisic acid-insensitive5 (ABI5). We found that pks5-3 and pks5-4, two previously identified PKS5 superactive kinase mutants with point mutations in the PKS5 FISL/NAF (a conserved peptide that is necessary for interaction with SOS3 or SOS3-like calcium binding proteins) motif and the kinase domain, respectively, are hypersensitive to ABA during seed germination. PKS5 was found to interact with ABI5 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and this interaction was further confirmed in planta using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Genetic studies revealed that ABI5 is epistatic to PKS5. PKS5 phosphorylates a serine (Ser) residue at position 42 in ABI5 and regulates ABA-responsive gene expression. This phosphorylation was induced by ABA in vivo and transactivated ABI5. Expression of ABI5, in which Ser-42 was mutated to alanine, could not fully rescue the ABA-insensitive phenotypes of the abi5-8 and pks5-4abi5-8 mutants. In contrast, mutating Ser-42 to aspartate rescued the ABA insensitivity of these mutants. These data demonstrate that PKS5-mediated phosphorylation of ABI5 at Ser-42 is critical for the ABA regulation of seed germination and gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Hongmei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Yuguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Yili Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Yunxia Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Feifei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Feiyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Mengyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Jingjiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Aiguang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Huixian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Cuiling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Karen S Schumaker
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
| | - Chang Gen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.)
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Benson CL, Kepka M, Wunschel C, Rajagopalan N, Nelson KM, Christmann A, Abrams SR, Grill E, Loewen MC. Abscisic acid analogs as chemical probes for dissection of abscisic acid responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 113:96-107. [PMID: 24726371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone known to mediate numerous plant developmental processes and responses to environmental stress. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ABA acts, through a genetically redundant family of ABA receptors entitled Regulatory Component of ABA Receptor (RCAR)/Pyrabactin Resistant 1 (PYR1)/Pyrabactin Resistant-Like (PYL) receptors comprised of thirteen homologues acting in concert with a seven-member set of phosphatases. The individual contributions of A. thaliana RCARs and their binding partners with respect to specific physiological functions are as yet poorly understood. Towards developing efficacious plant growth regulators selective for specific ABA functions and tools for elucidating ABA perception, a panel of ABA analogs altered specifically on positions around the ABA ring was assembled. These analogs have been used to probe thirteen RCARs and four type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) and were also screened against representative physiological assays in the model plant Arabidopsis. The 1'-O methyl ether of (S)-ABA was identified as selective in that, at physiologically relevant levels, it regulates stomatal aperture and improves drought tolerance, but does not inhibit germination or root growth. Analogs with the 7'- and 8'-methyl groups of the ABA ring replaced with bulkier groups generally retained the activity and stereoselectivity of (S)- and (R)-ABA, while alteration of the 9'-methyl group afforded an analog that substituted for ABA in inhibiting germination but neither root growth nor stomatal closure. Further in vitro testing indicated differences in binding of analogs to individual RCARs, as well as differences in the enzyme activity resulting from specific PP2Cs bound to RCAR-analog complexes. Ultimately, these findings highlight the potential of a broader chemical genetics approach for dissection of the complex network mediating ABA-perception, signaling and functionality within a given species and modifications in the future design of ABA agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel L Benson
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Michal Kepka
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Wunschel
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Ken M Nelson
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Alexander Christmann
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Suzanne R Abrams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michele C Loewen
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Lu Y, Yamaguchi J, Sato T. Integration of C/N-nutrient and multiple environmental signals into the ABA signaling cascade. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1048940. [PMID: 26786013 PMCID: PMC4854351 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1048940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to their immobility, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to robustly monitor and appropriately respond to dynamic changes in nutrient availability. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are especially important in regulating plant metabolism and development, thereby affecting crop productivity. In addition to their independent utilization, the ratio of C to N metabolites in the cell, referred to as the "C/N balance", is important for the regulation of plant growth, although molecular mechanisms mediating C/N signaling remain unclear. Recently ABI1, a protein phosphatase type 2C (PP2C), was shown to be a regulator of C/N response in Arabidopsis plants. ABI1 functions as a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction. ABA is versatile phytohormone that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and adaptation to environmental stress. This review highlights the regulation of the C/N response mediated by a non-canonical ABA signaling pathway that is independent of ABA biosynthesis, as well as recent findings on the direct crosstalk between multiple cellular signals and the ABA signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeo Sato
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo, Japan
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36
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Analysis of functions of VIP1 and its close homologs in osmosensory responses of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103930. [PMID: 25093810 PMCID: PMC4122391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
VIP1 is a bZIP protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. VIP1 accumulates in the nucleus under hypo-osmotic conditions and interacts with the promoters of hypo-osmolarity-responsive genes, CYP707A1 and CYP707A3 (CYP707A1/3), but neither overexpression of VIP1 nor truncation of its DNA-binding region affects the expression of CYP707A3 in vivo, raising the possibility that VIP and other proteins are functionally redundant. Here we show further analyses on VIP1 and its close homologs, namely, Arabidopsis group I bZIP proteins. The patterns of the signals of the GFP-fused group I bZIP proteins were similar in onion and Arabidopsis cells, suggesting that they have similar subcellular localization. In a yeast one-hybrid assay, the group I bZIP proteins caused reporter gene activation in the yeast reporter strain. VIP1 and other group I bZIP proteins showed positive results in a yeast two-hybrid assay and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, suggesting that they physically interact. These results support the idea that they have somewhat similar functions. By gel shift assays, VIP1-binding sequences in the CYP707A1/3 promoters were confirmed to be AGCTGT/G. Their presence in the promoters of the genes that respond to hypo-osmotic conditions was evaluated using previously published microarray data. Interestingly, a significantly higher proportion of the promoters of the genes that were up-regulated by rehydration treatment and/or submergence treatment (treatment by a hypotonic solution) and a significantly lower proportion of the promoters of the genes that were down-regulated by such treatment shared AGCTGT/G. To further assess the physiological role of VIP1, constitutively nuclear-localized variants of VIP1 were generated. When overexpressed in Arabidopsis, some of them as well as VIP1 caused growth retardation under a mannitol-stressed condition, where VIP1 is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. This raises the possibility that the expression of VIP1 itself rather than its nuclear localization is responsible for regulating the mannitol responses.
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Arabidopsis ABA receptor RCAR1/PYL9 interacts with an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, AtMYB44. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8473-90. [PMID: 24828206 PMCID: PMC4057743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling plays important roles in plant growth, development and adaptation to various stresses. RCAR1/PYL9 has been known as a cytoplasm and nuclear ABA receptor in Arabidopsis. To obtain further insight into the regulatory mechanism of RCAR1/PYL9, a yeast two-hybrid approach was performed to screen for RCAR1/PYL9-interacting proteins and an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, AtMYB44, was identified. The interaction between RCAR1/PYL9 and AtMYB44 was further confirmed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. Gene expression analysis showed that AtMYB44 negatively regulated the expression of ABA-responsive gene RAB18, in contrast to the opposite role reported for RCAR1/PYL9. Competitive GST pull-down assay and analysis of phosphatase activity demonstrated that AtMYB44 and ABI1 competed for binding to RCAR1/PYL9 and thereby reduced the inhibitory effect of RCAR1/PYL9 on ABI1 phosphatase activity in the presence of ABA in vitro. Furthermore, transient activation assay in protoplasts revealed AtMYB44 probably also decreased RCAR1/PYL9-mediated inhibition of ABI1 activity in vivo. Taken together, our work provides a reasonable molecular mechanism of AtMYB44 in ABA signaling.
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Ng LM, Melcher K, Teh BT, Xu HE. Abscisic acid perception and signaling: structural mechanisms and applications. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:567-84. [PMID: 24786231 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions are a threat to agricultural yield and therefore exert a global effect on livelihood, health and the economy. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a vital plant hormone that regulates abiotic stress tolerance, thereby allowing plants to cope with environmental stresses. Previously, attempts to develop a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying ABA signaling have been hindered by difficulties in the identification of bona fide ABA receptors. The discovery of the PYR/PYL/RCAR family of ABA receptors therefore represented a major milestone in the effort to overcome these roadblocks; since then, many structural and functional studies have provided detailed insights into processes ranging from ABA perception to the activation of ABA-responsive gene transcription. This understanding of the mechanisms of ABA perception and signaling has served as the basis for recent, preliminary developments in the genetic engineering of stress-resistant crops as well as in the design of new synthetic ABA agonists, which hold great promise for the agricultural enhancement of stress tolerance.
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Abscisic acid sensor RCAR7/PYL13, specific regulator of protein phosphatase coreceptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5741-6. [PMID: 24706923 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322085111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) acts both as a developmental signal and as an integrator of environmental cues such as drought and cold. ABA perception recruits an ABA-binding regulatory component [regulatory component of ABA receptor (RCAR)/PYR1/PYL] and an associated protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C). Phytohormone binding inactivates the phosphatase activity of the coreceptor, permitting phosphorelay of the ABA signal via downstream protein kinases. RCARs and PP2C coreceptors are represented by small protein families comprising 14 and 9 members in Arabidopsis, respectively. The specificity of the RCAR-PP2C interaction and the constraints contributing to specific combinations are poorly understood. In this contribution, we analyzed RCAR7/PYL13, which is characterized by three variant amino acid residues in the conserved ABA-binding pocket. RCAR7 regulated the phosphatase activity of the PP2Cs ABI1, ABI2, and PP2CA in vitro at nanomolar ABA levels; however, it was unable to regulate the structurally related hypersensitive to ABA 1 (HAB1). Site-directed mutagenesis of HAB1 established ABA-dependent regulation by RCAR7. Conversion of the noncanonical amino acid residues of RCAR7 into the consensus ABA-binding pocket did not perceptibly change receptor function. Ectopic expression of RCAR7 in Arabidopsis resulted in ABA hypersensitivity affecting gene regulation, seed germination, and stomatal closure. The RCAR7 loss-of-function mutant revealed no changes in ABA responses, similar to the RCAR9 knockout line, whereas the combined deficiency of RCAR7 and RCAR9 resulted in ABA-insensitive seed germination. The study shows a role of RCAR7 in early plant development, proves its ABA receptor function, and identifies structural constraints of RCAR7-PP2C interaction.
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Gorecka M, Alvarez-Fernandez R, Slattery K, McAusland L, Davey PA, Karpinski S, Lawson T, Mullineaux PM. Abscisic acid signalling determines susceptibility of bundle sheath cells to photoinhibition in high light-exposed Arabidopsis leaves. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130234. [PMID: 24591719 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid induction of the bundle sheath cell (BSC)-specific expression of ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 (APX2) in high light (HL)-exposed leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana is, in part, regulated by the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) produced by vascular parenchyma cells. In this study, we provide more details of the ABA signalling that regulates APX2 expression and consider its importance in the photosynthetic responses of BSCs and whole leaves. This was done using a combination of analyses of gene expression and chlorophyll a fluorescence of both leaves and individual BSCs and mesophyll cells. The regulation of APX2 expression occurs by the combination of the protein kinase SnRK2.6 (OST1):protein phosphatase 2C ABI2 and a Gα (GPA1)-regulated signalling pathway. The use of an ost1-1/gpa1-4 mutant established that these signalling pathways are distinct but interact to regulate APX2. In HL-exposed leaves, BSC chloroplasts were more susceptible to photoinhibition than those of mesophyll cells. The activity of the ABA-signalling network determined the degree of susceptibility of BSCs to photoinhibition by influencing non-photochemical quenching. By contrast, in HL-exposed whole leaves, ABA signalling did not have any major influence on their transcriptomes nor on their susceptibility to photoinhibition, except where guard cell responses were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gorecka
- Department of Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, , Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warszawa 02-776, Poland
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Group A PP2Cs evolved in land plants as key regulators of intrinsic desiccation tolerance. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2219. [PMID: 23900426 PMCID: PMC3731658 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetative desiccation tolerance is common in bryophytes, although this character has been lost in most vascular plants. The moss Physcomitrella patens survives complete desiccation if treated with abscisic acid (ABA). Group A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2C) are negative regulators of abscisic acid signalling. Here we show that the elimination of Group A PP2C is sufficient to ensure P. patens survival to full desiccation, without ABA treatment, although its growth is severely hindered. Microarray analysis shows that the Group A PP2C-regulated genes exclusively overlap with genes exhibiting a high level of ABA induction. Group A PP2C disruption weakly affects ABA-activated kinase activity, indicating Group A PP2C action downstream of these kinases in the moss. We propose that Group A PP2C emerged in land plants to repress desiccation tolerance mechanisms, possibly facilitating plants propagation on land, whereas ABA releases the intrinsic desiccation tolerance from Group A PP2C regulation.
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Yuan F, Wang M, Hao H, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Guo A, Xu H, Zhou X, Xie CG. Negative regulation of abscisic acid signaling by the Brassica oleracea ABI1 ortholog. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 442:202-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Li J, Besseau S, Törönen P, Sipari N, Kollist H, Holm L, Palva ET. Defense-related transcription factors WRKY70 and WRKY54 modulate osmotic stress tolerance by regulating stomatal aperture in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:457-472. [PMID: 23815736 PMCID: PMC4284015 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have been mainly associated with plant defense, but recent studies have suggested additional roles in the regulation of other physiological processes. Here, we explored the possible contribution of two related group III WRKY TFs, WRKY70 and WRKY54, to osmotic stress tolerance. These TFs are positive regulators of plant defense, and co-operate as negative regulators of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and senescence. We employed single and double mutants of wrky54 and wrky70, as well as a WRKY70 overexpressor line, to explore the role of these TFs in osmotic stress (polyethylene glycol) responses. Their effect on gene expression was characterized by microarrays and verified by quantitative PCR. Stomatal phenotypes were assessed by water retention and stomatal conductance measurements. The wrky54wrky70 double mutants exhibited clearly enhanced tolerance to osmotic stress. However, gene expression analysis showed reduced induction of osmotic stress-responsive genes in addition to reduced accumulation of the osmoprotectant proline. By contrast, the enhanced tolerance was correlated with improved water retention and enhanced stomatal closure. These findings demonstrate that WRKY70 and WRKY54 co-operate as negative regulators of stomatal closure and, consequently, osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, suggesting that they have an important role, not only in plant defense, but also in abiotic stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Viikki Biocenter, Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sebastien Besseau
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Petri Törönen
- Viikki Biocenter, Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Biocenter, Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Liisa Holm
- Viikki Biocenter, Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Tapio Palva
- Viikki Biocenter, Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Aliniaeifard S, van Meeteren U. Can prolonged exposure to low VPD disturb the ABA signalling in stomatal guard cells? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:3551-66. [PMID: 23956410 PMCID: PMC3745724 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The response of stomata to many environmental factors is well documented. Multiple signalling pathways for abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure have been proposed over the last decades. However, it seems that exposure of a leaf for a long time (several days) to some environmental conditions generates a sort of memory in the guard cells that results in the loss of suitable responses of the stomata to closing stimuli, such as desiccation and ABA. In this review paper we discuss changes in the normal pattern of signal transduction that could account for disruption of guard cell signalling after long-term exposure to some environmental conditions, with special emphasis on long-term low vapour pressure deficit (VPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Horticultural Production Chains, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Luo Y, Wang Z, Ji H, Fang H, Wang S, Tian L, Li X. An Arabidopsis homolog of importin β1 is required for ABA response and drought tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 75:377-89. [PMID: 23582042 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The import of proteins into the nucleus in response to drought is critical for mediating the reprogramming of gene expression that leads to drought tolerance. However, regulatory mechanisms involved in nuclear protein import remain largely unknown. Here, we have identified an Arabidopsis gene (AtKPNB1) as a homolog of human KPNB1 (importin β1). AtKPNB1 was expressed in multiple organs, and the protein was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. AtKPNB1 was able to facilitate nuclear import of a model protein. Null mutation of AtKPNB1 delayed development under normal growth conditions and increased sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) during seed germination and cotyledon development. Inactivation of AtKPNB1 increased stomatal closure in response to ABA, reduced the rate of water loss, and substantially enhanced drought tolerance. AtKPNB1 interacted with several importin α proteins, nucleoporin AtNUP62, and the Arabidopsis Ran proteins. Inactivation of AtKPNB1 did not affect the ABA responsiveness or the expression level or subcellular localization of ABI1, ABI2 or ABI5, key regulators of the ABA signaling pathway. Moreover, phenotypic analysis of epistasis revealed that AtKPNB1 modulates the ABA response and drought tolerance through a pathway that is independent of ABI1 and ABI5. Collectively, our results show that AtKPNB1 is an Arabidopsis importin β that functions in ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell & Chromosome Engineering, Center for Agricultural Research Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
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Arabidopsis nanodomain-delimited ABA signaling pathway regulates the anion channel SLAH3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:8296-301. [PMID: 23630285 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1211667110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in the plant response to drought stress. Hence, ABA-dependent gene transcription and ion transport is regulated by a variety of protein kinases and phosphatases. However, the nature of the membrane-delimited ABA signal transduction steps remains largely unknown. To gain insight into plasma membrane-bound ABA signaling, we identified sterol-dependent proteins associated with detergent resistant membranes from Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll cells. Among those, we detected the central ABA signaling phosphatase ABI1 (abscisic-acid insensitive 1) and the calcium-dependent protein kinase 21 (CPK21). Using fluorescence microscopy, we found these proteins to localize in membrane nanodomains, as observed by colocalization with the nanodomain marker remorin Arabidopsis thaliana remorin 1.3 (AtRem 1.3). After transient coexpression, CPK21 interacted with SLAH3 [slow anion channel 1 (SLAC1) homolog 3] and activated this anion channel. Upon CPK21 stimulation, SLAH3 exhibited the hallmark properties of S-type anion channels. Coexpression of SLAH3/CPK21 with ABI1, however, prevented proper nanodomain localization of the SLAH3/CPK21 protein complex, and as a result anion channel activation failed. FRET studies revealed enhanced interaction of SLAH3 and CPK21 within the plasma membrane in response to ABA and thus confirmed our initial observations. Interestingly, the ABA-induced SLAH3/CPK21 interaction was modulated by ABI1 and the ABA receptor RCAR1/PYL9 [regulatory components of ABA receptor 1/PYR1 (pyrabactin resistance 1)-like protein 9]. We therefore propose that ABA signaling via inhibition of ABI1 modulates the apparent association of a signaling and transport complex within membrane domains that is necessary for phosphorylation and activation of the S-type anion channel SLAH3 by CPK21.
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Moes D, Gatti S, Hoffmann C, Dieterle M, Moreau F, Neumann K, Schumacher M, Diederich M, Grill E, Shen WH, Steinmetz A, Thomas C. A LIM domain protein from tobacco involved in actin-bundling and histone gene transcription. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:483-502. [PMID: 22930731 PMCID: PMC3603003 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The two LIM domain-containing proteins from plants (LIMs) typically exhibit a dual cytoplasmic-nuclear distribution, suggesting that, in addition to their previously described roles in actin cytoskeleton organization, they participate in nuclear processes. Using a south-western blot-based screen aimed at identifying factors that bind to plant histone gene promoters, we isolated a positive clone containing the tobacco LIM protein WLIM2 (NtWLIM2) cDNA. Using both green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion- and immunology-based strategies, we provide clear evidence that NtWLIM2 localizes to the actin cytoskeleton, the nucleus, and the nucleolus. Interestingly, the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton by latrunculin B significantly increases NtWLIM2 nuclear fraction, pinpointing a possible novel cytoskeletal-nuclear crosstalk. Biochemical and electron microscopy experiments reveal the ability of NtWLIM2 to directly bind to actin filaments and to crosslink the latter into thick actin bundles. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that NtWLIM2 specifically binds to the conserved octameric cis-elements (Oct) of the Arabidopsis histone H4A748 gene promoter and that this binding largely relies on both LIM domains. Importantly, reporter-based experiments conducted in Arabidopsis and tobacco protoplasts confirm the ability of NtWLIM2 to bind to and activate the H4A748 gene promoter in live cells. Expression studies indicate the constitutive presence of NtWLIM2 mRNA and NtWLIM2 protein during tobacco BY-2 cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, suggesting a role of NtWLIM2 in the activation of basal histone gene expression. Interestingly, both live cell and in vitro data support NtWLIM2 di/oligomerization. We propose that NtWLIM2 functions as an actin-stabilizing protein, which, upon cytoskeleton remodeling, shuttles to the nucleus in order to modify gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Moes
- Centre de Recherche Public-Santé, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Vilela B, Moreno-Cortés A, Rabissi A, Leung J, Pagès M, Lumbreras V. The maize OST1 kinase homolog phosphorylates and regulates the maize SNAC1-type transcription factor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58105. [PMID: 23469147 PMCID: PMC3585266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis kinase OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) plays a key role in regulating drought stress signalling, particularly stomatal closure. We have identified and investigated the functions of the OST1 ortholog in Z. mays (ZmOST1). Ectopic expression of ZmOST1 in the Arabidopsis ost1 mutant restores the stomatal closure phenotype in response to drought. Furthermore, we have identified the transcription factor, ZmSNAC1, which is directly phosphorylated by ZmOST1 with implications on its localization and protein stability. Interestingly, ZmSNAC1 binds to the ABA-box of ZmOST1, which is conserved in SnRK2s activated by ABA and is part of the contact site for the negative-regulating clade A PP2C phosphatases. Taken together, our results indicate that ZmSNAC1 is a substrate of ZmOST1 and delineate a novel osmotic stress transcriptional pathway in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belmiro Vilela
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Alicia Moreno-Cortés
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Agnese Rabissi
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Jeffrey Leung
- Institut de Sciences du Végétal, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Montserrat Pagès
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Victoria Lumbreras
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Zhang F, Lu X, Lv Z, Zhang L, Zhu M, Jiang W, Wang G, Sun X, Tang K. Overexpression of the Artemisia orthologue of ABA receptor, AaPYL9, enhances ABA sensitivity and improves artemisinin content in Artemisia annua L. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56697. [PMID: 23437216 PMCID: PMC3577733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant development and environmental stress response. In this study, we cloned an ABA receptor orthologue, AaPYL9, from Artemisia annua L. AaPYL9 is expressed highly in leaf and flower. AaPYL9 protein can be localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Yeast two-hybrid assay shows AaPYL9 can specifically interact with AtABI1 but not with AtABI2, AtHAB1 or AtHAB2. ABA can enhance the interaction between AaPYL9 and AtABI1 while AaPYL9-89 Pro→Ser and AaPYL9-116 His→Ala point mutations abolishes the interaction. BiFC assay shows that AaPYL9 interacts with AtABI1 in nucleus in planta. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing AaPYL9 are more sensitive to ABA in the seed germination and primary root growth than wild type. Consistent with this, ABA report genes have higher expression in AaPYL9 overexpressing plants compared to wild type after ABA treatment. Moreover, overexpression of AaPYL9 in A. annua increases not only drought tolerance, but also artemisinin content after ABA treatment, with significant enhancement of the expression of key genes in artemisinin biosynthesis. This study provides a way to develop A. annua with high-yielding artemisinin and high drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lu
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyou Lv
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Jiang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Wang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofen Sun
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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50
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Cominelli E, Galbiati M, Tonelli C. Transcription factors controlling stomatal movements and drought tolerance. Transcription 2012; 1:41-5. [PMID: 21327157 DOI: 10.4161/trns.1.1.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years some efforts in the characterization of transcription factors involved in stomatal movements in plants have been undertaken. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that plants adopt to cope with abiotic stress and offer new strategies to improve plant drought tolerance.
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