1
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Bestion E, Legrand D, Baines CB, Bonte D, Coulon A, Dahirel M, Delgado M, Deshpande JN, Duncan AB, Fronhofer EA, Gounand I, Jacob S, Kaltz O, Massol F, Mathyssen E, Parmentier T, Saade C, Schtickzelle N, Zilio G, Cote J. Species interactions affect dispersal: a meta-analysis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230127. [PMID: 38913065 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Context-dependent dispersal allows organisms to seek and settle in habitats improving their fitness. Despite the importance of species interactions in determining fitness, a quantitative synthesis of how they affect dispersal is lacking. We present a meta-analysis asking (i) whether the interaction experienced and/or perceived by a focal species (detrimental interaction with predators, competitors, parasites or beneficial interaction with resources, hosts, mutualists) affects its dispersal; and (ii) how the species' ecological and biological background affects the direction and strength of this interaction-dependent dispersal. After a systematic search focusing on actively dispersing species, we extracted 397 effect sizes from 118 empirical studies encompassing 221 species pairs; arthropods were best represented, followed by vertebrates, protists and others. Detrimental species interactions increased the focal species' dispersal (adjusted effect: 0.33 [0.06, 0.60]), while beneficial interactions decreased it (-0.55 [-0.92, -0.17]). The effect depended on the dispersal phase, with detrimental interactors having opposite impacts on emigration and transience. Interaction-dependent dispersal was negatively related to species' interaction strength, and depended on the global community composition, with cues of presence having stronger effects than the presence of the interactor and the ecological complexity of the community. Our work demonstrates the importance of interspecific interactions on dispersal plasticity, with consequences for metacommunity dynamics.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Bestion
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029, Moulis 09200, France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029, Moulis 09200, France
| | - Celina B Baines
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Aurelie Coulon
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), MNHN, CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, Concarneau 75005, France
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Maxime Dahirel
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - María Delgado
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB), CSIC/UO/PA, Campus de Mieres, Edificio de Investigación, Mieres, Asturias 33600, Spain
| | - Jhelam N Deshpande
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Alison B Duncan
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Isabelle Gounand
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (iEES Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Paris 75005, France
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029, Moulis 09200, France
| | - Oliver Kaltz
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - François Massol
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille 59019, France
| | | | - Thomas Parmentier
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Camille Saade
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Giacomo Zilio
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34293, France
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Julien Cote
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), UMR 5300 CNRS-IRD-TINP-UT3, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Bât. 4R1, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
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2
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Alzate A, Hagen O. Dispersal-diversity feedbacks and their consequences for macroecological patterns. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230131. [PMID: 38913062 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a key process in ecology and evolution. While the effects of dispersal on diversity are broadly acknowledged, our understanding of the influence of diversity on dispersal remains limited. This arises from the dynamic, context-dependent, nonlinear and ubiquitous nature of dispersal. Diversity outcomes, such as competition, mutualism, parasitism and trophic interactions can feed back on dispersal, thereby influencing biodiversity patterns at several spatio-temporal scales. Here, we shed light on the dispersal-diversity causal links by discussing how dispersal-diversity ecological and evolutionary feedbacks can impact macroecological patterns. We highlight the importance of dispersal-diversity feedbacks for advancing our understanding of macro-eco-evolutionary patterns and their challenges, such as establishing a unified framework for dispersal terminology and methodologies across various disciplines and scales. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Alzate
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oskar Hagen
- German Centre For Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig , Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ , Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Fronhofer EA, Bonte D, Bestion E, Cote J, Deshpande JN, Duncan AB, Hovestadt T, Kaltz O, Keith SA, Kokko H, Legrand D, Malusare SP, Parmentier T, Saade C, Schtickzelle N, Zilio G, Massol F. Evolutionary ecology of dispersal in biodiverse spatially structured systems: what is old and what is new? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230142. [PMID: 38913061 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a well-recognized driver of ecological and evolutionary dynamics, and simultaneously an evolving trait. Dispersal evolution has traditionally been studied in single-species metapopulations so that it remains unclear how dispersal evolves in metacommunities and metafoodwebs, which are characterized by a multitude of species interactions. Since most natural systems are both species-rich and spatially structured, this knowledge gap should be bridged. Here, we discuss whether knowledge from dispersal evolutionary ecology established in single-species systems holds in metacommunities and metafoodwebs and we highlight generally valid and fundamental principles. Most biotic interactions form the backdrop to the ecological theatre for the evolutionary dispersal play because interactions mediate patterns of fitness expectations across space and time. While this allows for a simple transposition of certain known principles to a multispecies context, other drivers may require more complex transpositions, or might not be transferred. We discuss an important quantitative modulator of dispersal evolution-increased trait dimensionality of biodiverse meta-systems-and an additional driver: co-dispersal. We speculate that scale and selection pressure mismatches owing to co-dispersal, together with increased trait dimensionality, may lead to a slower and more 'diffuse' evolution in biodiverse meta-systems. Open questions and potential consequences in both ecological and evolutionary terms call for more investigation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel A Fronhofer
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 , Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Elvire Bestion
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029 , Moulis F-09200, France
| | - Julien Cote
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, IRD, UMR 5174, 118 route de Narbonne , Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Jhelam N Deshpande
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Alison B Duncan
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Thomas Hovestadt
- Department Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg , Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaltz
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Sally A Keith
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029 , Moulis F-09200, France
| | - Sarthak P Malusare
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Thomas Parmentier
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 , Ghent B-9000, Belgium
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur , Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Camille Saade
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Giacomo Zilio
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
| | - François Massol
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille , Lille 59000, France
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4
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Khattar G, Savary P, Peres-Neto PR. The biotic and abiotic contexts of ecological selection mediate the dominance of distinct dispersal strategies in competitive metacommunities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230132. [PMID: 38913058 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
While the influence of dispersal on ecological selection is the subject of intense research, we still lack a thorough understanding of how ecological selection operates to favour distinct dispersal strategies in metacommunities. To address this issue, we developed a model framework in which species with distinct quantitative dispersal traits that govern the three stages of dispersal-departure, movement and settlement-compete under different ecological contexts. The model identified three primary dispersal strategies (referred to as nomadic, homebody and habitat-sorting) that consistently dominated metacommunities owing to the interplay of spatiotemporal environmental variation and different types of competitive interactions. We outlined the key characteristics of each strategy and formulated theoretical predictions regarding the abiotic and biotic conditions under which each strategy is more likely to prevail in metacommunities. By presenting our results as relationships between dispersal traits and well-known ecological gradients (e.g. seasonality), we were able to contrast our theoretical findings with previous empirical research. Our model demonstrates how landscape environmental characteristics and competitive interactions at the intra- and interspecific levels can interact to favour distinct multivariate and context-dependent dispersal strategies in metacommunities. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Khattar
- Laboratory of Community and Quantitative Ecology, Department of Biology, Concordia University , Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Paul Savary
- Laboratory of Community and Quantitative Ecology, Department of Biology, Concordia University , Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Pedro R Peres-Neto
- Laboratory of Community and Quantitative Ecology, Department of Biology, Concordia University , Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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5
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Thierry M, Cote J, Bestion E, Legrand D, Clobert J, Jacob S. The interplay between abiotic and biotic factors in dispersal decisions in metacommunities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230137. [PMID: 38913055 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Suitable conditions for species to survive and reproduce constitute their ecological niche, which is built by abiotic conditions and interactions with conspecifics and heterospecifics. Organisms should ideally assess and use information about all these environmental dimensions to adjust their dispersal decisions depending on their own internal conditions. Dispersal plasticity is often considered through its dependence on abiotic conditions or conspecific density and, to a lesser extent, with reference to the effects of interactions with heterospecifics, potentially leading to misinterpretation of dispersal drivers. Here, we first review the evidence for the effects of and the potential interplays between abiotic factors, biotic interactions with conspecifics and heterospecifics and phenotype on dispersal decisions. We then present an experimental test of these potential interplays, investigating the effects of density and interactions with conspecifics and heterospecifics on temperature-dependent dispersal in microcosms of Tetrahymena ciliates. We found significant differences in dispersal rates depending on the temperature, density and presence of another strain or species. However, the presence and density of conspecifics and heterospecifics had no effects on the thermal-dependency of dispersal. We discuss the causes and consequences of the (lack of) interplay between the different environmental dimensions and the phenotype for metacommunity assembly and dynamics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Thierry
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS , Moulis 09200, France
| | - Julien Cote
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), UMR 5300 CNRS-IRD-TINP-UT3 Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Bât. 4R1, 118 route de Narbonne , Toulouse Cedex 9 31062, France
| | - Elvire Bestion
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS , Moulis 09200, France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS , Moulis 09200, France
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS , Moulis 09200, France
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS , Moulis 09200, France
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6
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Baines CB, Shaw AK. Parasite prevalence is determined by infection state- and risk-dependent dispersal of the host. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230130. [PMID: 38913060 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The spread of parasites and the emergence of disease are currently threatening global biodiversity and human welfare. To address this threat, we need to better understand those factors that determine parasite persistence and prevalence. It is known that dispersal is central to the spatial dynamics of host-parasite systems. Yet past studies have typically assumed that dispersal is a species-level constant, despite a growing body of empirical evidence that dispersal varies with ecological context, including the risk of infection and aspects of host state such as infection status (parasite-dependent dispersal; PDD). Here, we develop a metapopulation model to understand how different forms of PDD shape the prevalence of a directly transmitted parasite. We show that increasing host dispersal rate can increase, decrease or cause a non-monotonic change in regional parasite prevalence, depending on the type of PDD and characteristics of the host-parasite system (transmission rate, virulence, and dispersal mortality). This result contrasts with previous studies with parasite-independent dispersal which concluded that prevalence increases with host dispersal rate. We argue that accounting for host dispersal responses to parasites is necessary for a complete understanding of host-parasite dynamics and for predicting how parasite prevalence will respond to changes such as human alteration of landscape connectivity. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina B Baines
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Allison K Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota , St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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7
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Hagen O, Viana DS, Wiegand T, Chase JM, Onstein RE. The macro-eco-evolutionary interplay between dispersal, competition and landscape structure in generating biodiversity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230140. [PMID: 38913052 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Theory links dispersal and diversity, predicting the highest diversity at intermediate dispersal levels. However, the modulation of this relationship by macro-eco-evolutionary mechanisms and competition within a landscape is still elusive. We examine the interplay between dispersal, competition and landscape structure in shaping biodiversity over 5 million years in a dynamic archipelago landscape. We model allopatric speciation, temperature niche, dispersal, competition, trait evolution and trade-offs between competitive and dispersal traits. Depending on dispersal abilities and their interaction with landscape structure, our archipelago exhibits two 'connectivity regimes', that foster speciation events among the same group of islands. Peaks of diversity (i.e. alpha, gamma and phylogenetic), occurred at intermediate dispersal; while competition shifted diversity peaks towards higher dispersal values for each connectivity regime. This shift demonstrates how competition can boost allopatric speciation events through the evolution of thermal specialists, ultimately limiting geographical ranges. Even in a simple landscape, multiple intermediate dispersal diversity relationships emerged, all shaped similarly and according to dispersal and competition strength. Our findings remain valid as dispersal- and competitive-related traits evolve and trade-off; potentially leaving identifiable biodiversity signatures, particularly when trade-offs are imposed. Overall, we scrutinize the convoluted relationships between dispersal, species interactions and landscape structure on macro-eco-evolutionary processes, with lasting imprints on biodiversity.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hagen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecological Modelling, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D S Viana
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - T Wiegand
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecological Modelling, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R E Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden 2333 CR, Netherlands
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8
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Bonte D, Keith S, Fronhofer EA. Species interactions and eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal: the diversity dependence of dispersal. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230125. [PMID: 38913054 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dispersal plays a pivotal role in the eco-evolutionary dynamics of spatially structured populations, communities and ecosystems. As an individual-based trait, dispersal is subject to both plasticity and evolution. Its dependence on conditions and context is well understood within single-species metapopulations. However, species do not exist in isolation; they interact locally through various horizontal and vertical interactions. While the significance of species interactions is recognized for species coexistence and food web functioning, our understanding of their influence on regional dynamics, such as their impact on spatial dynamics in metacommunities and meta-food webs, remains limited. Building upon insights from behavioural and community ecology, we aim to elucidate biodiversity as both a driver and an outcome of connectivity. By synthesizing conceptual, theoretical and empirical contributions from global experts in the field, we seek to explore how a more mechanistic understanding of diversity-dispersal relationships influences the distribution of species in spatially and temporally changing environments. Our findings highlight the importance of explicitly considering interspecific interactions as drivers of dispersal, thus reshaping our understanding of fundamental dynamics including species coexistence and the emergent dynamics of metacommunities and meta-ecosystems. We envision that this initiative will pave the way for advanced forecasting approaches to understanding biodiversity dynamics under the pressures of global change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 , Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Sally Keith
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Emanuel A Fronhofer
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE , Montpellier 34095, France
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9
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Bastias CC, Estarague A, Vile D, Gaignon E, Lee CR, Exposito-Alonso M, Violle C, Vasseur F. Ecological trade-offs drive phenotypic and genetic differentiation of Arabidopsis thaliana in Europe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5185. [PMID: 38890286 PMCID: PMC11189578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant diversity is shaped by trade-offs between traits related to competitive ability, propagule dispersal, and stress resistance. However, we still lack a clear understanding of how these trade-offs influence species distribution and population dynamics. In Arabidopsis thaliana, recent genetic analyses revealed a group of cosmopolitan genotypes that successfully recolonized Europe from its center after the last glaciation, excluding older (relict) lineages from the distribution except for their north and south margins. Here, we tested the hypothesis that cosmopolitans expanded due to higher colonization ability, while relicts persisted at the margins due to higher tolerance to competition and/or stress. We compared the phenotypic and genetic differentiation between 71 European genotypes originating from the center, and the south and north margins. We showed that a trade-off between plant fecundity and seed mass shapes the differentiation of A. thaliana in Europe, suggesting that the success of the cosmopolitan groups could be explained by their high dispersal ability. However, at both north and south margins, we found evidence of selection for alleles conferring low dispersal but highly competitive and stress-resistance abilities. This study sheds light on the role of ecological trade-offs as evolutionary drivers of the distribution and dynamics of plant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina C Bastias
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Aurélien Estarague
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elza Gaignon
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Cheng-Ruei Lee
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Summers J, Cosgrove EJ, Bowman R, Fitzpatrick JW, Chen N. Impacts of increasing isolation and environmental variation on Florida Scrub-Jay demography. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.575127. [PMID: 38260596 PMCID: PMC10802623 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Isolation caused by anthropogenic habitat fragmentation can destabilize populations. Populations relying on the inflow of immigrants can face reduced fitness due to inbreeding depression as fewer new individuals arrive. Empirical studies of the demographic consequences of isolation are critical to understand how populations persist through changing conditions. We used a 34-year demographic and environmental dataset from a population of cooperatively-breeding Florida Scrub-Jays ( Aphelocoma coerulescens ) to create mechanistic models linking environmental and demographic factors to population growth rates. We found that the population has not declined despite both declining immigration and increasing inbreeding, owing to a coinciding response in breeder survival. We find evidence of density-dependent immigration, breeder survival, and fecundity, indicating that interactions between vital rates and local density play a role in buffering the population against change. Our study elucidates the impacts of isolation on demography and how long-term stability is maintained via demographic responses.
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11
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de Mendoza G, Gansfort B, Catalan J, Traunspurger W. Female proportion has a stronger influence on dispersal than body size in nematodes of mountain lakes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303864. [PMID: 38758759 PMCID: PMC11101049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Nematodes disperse passively and are amongst the smallest invertebrates on Earth. Free-living nematodes in mountain lakes are highly tolerant of environmental variations and are thus excellent model organisms in dispersal studies, since species-environment relationships are unlikely to interfere. In this study, we investigated how population or organism traits influence the stochastic physical nature of passive dispersal in a topologically complex environment. Specifically, we analyzed the influence of female proportion and body size on the geographical distribution of nematode species in the mountain lakes of the Pyrenees. We hypothesized that dispersal is facilitated by (i) a smaller body size, which would increase the rate of wind transport, and (ii) a higher female proportion within a population, which could increase colonization success because many nematode species are capable of parthenogenetic reproduction. The results showed that nematode species with a low proportion of females tend to have clustered spatial distributions that are not associated with patchy environmental conditions, suggesting greater barriers to dispersal. When all species were pooled, the overall proportion of females tended to increase at the highest elevations, where dispersal between lakes is arguably more difficult. The influence of body size was barely relevant for nematode distributions. Our study highlights the relevance of female proportion as a mechanism that enhances the dispersal success of parthenogenetic species, and that female sex is a determining factor in metacommunity connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo de Mendoza
- Institute of Geography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Birgit Gansfort
- Department of Animal Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jordi Catalan
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Perrig M, Oppel S, Tschumi M, Keil H, Naef‐Daenzer B, Grüebler MU. Juvenile survival of little owls decreases with snow cover. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11379. [PMID: 38770120 PMCID: PMC11103642 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Global environmental changes are associated with warmer average temperatures and more extreme weather events, potentially affecting wildlife population dynamics by altering demographic processes. Extreme weather events can reduce food resources and survival in all seasons of the year. Estimates of season-specific survival probabilities are therefore crucial to understand the moderating effect of extreme events on annual mortality. Here, we analysed survival probabilities of 307 radio-tracked juvenile little owls (Athene noctua) over two-week periods from fledging to their first breeding attempt in the following spring to assess the contribution of extreme weather events. Survival probabilities were typically lowest during the first weeks after fledging in summer but were moderated by seasonal extremes in winter. The duration of snow cover in winter had a strong negative effect on survival probability, while being food supplemented during the nestling stage increased survival during the first weeks after fledging in summer and ultimately led to a larger proportion of birds surviving the first year. Overall annual survival probability over the first year varied by 34.3% between 0.117 (95% credible interval 0.052-0.223) and 0.178 (0.097-0.293) depending on the severity of the winter, and was as high as 0.233 (0.127-0.373) for food-supplemented fledglings. In years with mild winters, the season with the lowest survival was the summer post-fledging period (0.508; 0.428-0.594), but in years with extensive snow cover the winter was the season with the lowest survival (0.481; 0.337-0.626). We therefore show that extreme weather events occurring in a particular season reduced the proportion of first-year survivors. Increasing extreme weather events can moderate seasonal survival probability through altering food supply of juvenile little owls either during the nestling period or in winter, with similarly large effects on annual survival and the viability of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Perrig
- Swiss Ornithological InstituteSempachSwitzerland
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Herbert Keil
- Forschungsgemeinschaft zur Erhaltung einheimischer Eulen (FOGE)OberriexingenGermany
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13
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de Bruin T, De Laender F, Jadoul J, Schtickzelle N. Intraspecific demographic and trait responses to environmental change drivers are linked in two species of ciliate. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:47. [PMID: 38632521 PMCID: PMC11022343 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, theory and observations have suggested intraspecific variation, trait-based differences within species, as a buffer against biodiversity loss from multiple environmental changes. This buffering effect can only occur when different populations of the same species respond differently to environmental change. More specifically, variation of demographic responses fosters buffering of demography, while variation of trait responses fosters buffering of functioning. Understanding how both responses are related is important for predicting biodiversity loss and its consequences. In this study, we aimed to empirically assess whether population-level trait responses to multiple environmental change drivers are related to the demographic response to these drivers. To this end, we measured demographic and trait responses in microcosm experiments with two species of ciliated protists. For three clonal strains of each species, we measured responses to two environmental change drivers (climate change and pollution) and their combination. We also examined if relationships between demographic and trait responses existed across treatments and strains. RESULTS We found different demographic responses across strains of the same species but hardly any interactive effects between the two environmental change drivers. Also, trait responses (summarized in a survival strategy index) varied among strains within a species, again with no driver interactions. Demographic and trait responses were related across all strains of both species tested in this study: Increasing intrinsic growth and self-limitation were associated with a shift in survival strategy from sit-and-wait towards flee. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the existence of a link between a population's demographic and trait responses to environmental change drivers in two species of ciliate. Future work could dive deeper into the specifics of phenotypical trait values, and changes therein, related to specific life strategies in different species of ciliate and other zooplankton grazers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa de Bruin
- Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Biodiversity Research Center (BDIV), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain‑La‑Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life-Earth-Environment (ILEE), Namur Institute for Complex Systems (NAXYS), Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Julie Jadoul
- Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Biodiversity Research Center (BDIV), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain‑La‑Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Biodiversity Research Center (BDIV), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain‑La‑Neuve, Belgium
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14
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Zilio G, Deshpande JN, Duncan AB, Fronhofer EA, Kaltz O. Dispersal evolution and eco-evolutionary dynamics in antagonistic species interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 2024:S0169-5347(24)00075-2. [PMID: 38637209 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Dispersal evolution modifies diverse spatial processes, such as range expansions or biological invasions of single species, but we are currently lacking a realistic vision for metacommunities. Focusing on antagonistic species interactions, we review existing theory of dispersal evolution between natural enemies, and explain how this might be relevant for classic themes in host-parasite evolutionary ecology, namely virulence evolution or local adaptation. Specifically, we highlight the importance of considering the simultaneous (co)evolution of dispersal and interaction traits. Linking such multi-trait evolution with reciprocal demographic and epidemiological feedbacks might change basic predictions about coevolutionary processes and spatial dynamics of interacting species. Future challenges concern the integration of system-specific disease ecology or spatial modifiers, such as spatial network structure or environmental heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Zilio
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jhelam N Deshpande
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Alison B Duncan
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Emanuel A Fronhofer
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Oliver Kaltz
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
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15
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Gaya HE, Cooper RJ, Delancey CD, Hepinstall-Cymerman J, Kurimo-Beechuk EA, Lewis WB, Merker SA, Chandler RB. Clinging to the top: natal dispersal tracks climate gradient in a trailing-edge population of a migratory songbird. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2024; 12:28. [PMID: 38627871 PMCID: PMC11020467 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trailing-edge populations at the low-latitude, receding edge of a shifting range face high extinction risk from climate change unless they are able to track optimal environmental conditions through dispersal. METHODS We fit dispersal models to the locations of 3165 individually-marked black-throated blue warblers (Setophaga caerulescens) in the southern Appalachian Mountains in North Carolina, USA from 2002 to 2023. Black-throated blue warbler breeding abundance in this population has remained relatively stable at colder and wetter areas at higher elevations but has declined at warmer and drier areas at lower elevations. RESULTS Median dispersal distance of young warblers was 917 m (range 23-3200 m), and dispersal tended to be directed away from warm and dry locations. In contrast, adults exhibited strong site fidelity between breeding seasons and rarely dispersed more than 100 m (range 10-1300 m). Consequently, adult dispersal kernels were much more compact and symmetric than natal dispersal kernels, suggesting adult dispersal is unlikely a driving force of declines in this population. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that directional natal dispersal may mitigate fitness costs for trailing-edge populations by allowing individuals to track changing climate and avoid warming conditions at warm-edge range boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Gaya
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Robert J Cooper
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Clayton D Delancey
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hepinstall-Cymerman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kurimo-Beechuk
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - William B Lewis
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Samuel A Merker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Richard B Chandler
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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16
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Feng X, Peterson AT, Aguirre-López LJ, Burger JR, Chen X, Papeş M. Rethinking ecological niches and geographic distributions in face of pervasive human influence in the Anthropocene. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38597328 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Species are distributed in predictable ways in geographic spaces. The three principal factors that determine geographic distributions of species are biotic interactions (B), abiotic conditions (A), and dispersal ability or mobility (M). A species is expected to be present in areas that are accessible to it and that contain suitable sets of abiotic and biotic conditions for it to persist. A species' probability of presence can be quantified as a combination of responses to B, A, and M via ecological niche modeling (ENM; also frequently referred to as species distribution modeling or SDM). This analytical approach has been used broadly in ecology and biogeography, as well as in conservation planning and decision-making, but commonly in the context of 'natural' settings. However, it is increasingly recognized that human impacts, including changes in climate, land cover, and ecosystem function, greatly influence species' geographic ranges. In this light, historical distinctions between natural and anthropogenic factors have become blurred, and a coupled human-natural landscape is recognized as the new norm. Therefore, B, A, and M (BAM) factors need to be reconsidered to understand and quantify species' distributions in a world with a pervasive signature of human impacts. Here, we present a framework, termed human-influenced BAM (Hi-BAM, for distributional ecology that (i) conceptualizes human impacts in the form of six drivers, and (ii) synthesizes previous studies to show how each driver modifies the natural BAM and species' distributions. Given the importance and prevalence of human impacts on species distributions globally, we also discuss implications of this framework for ENM/SDM methods, and explore strategies by which to incorporate increasing human impacts in the methodology. Human impacts are redefining biogeographic patterns; as such, future studies should incorporate signals of human impacts integrally in modeling and forecasting species' distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph R Burger
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40502, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD, 21532, USA
| | - Monica Papeş
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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17
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Křivan V, Cressman R. The Ideal Free Distribution with travel costs. J Theor Biol 2024; 579:111717. [PMID: 38122926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This article studies the effect of travel costs on population distribution in a patchy environment. The Ideal Free Distribution with travel costs is defined in the article as the distribution under which it is not profitable for individuals to move, i.e., the movement between patches ceases. It is shown that depending on the travel costs between patches, the Ideal Free Distribution may be unique, there may be infinitely many possible IFDs, or no Ideal Free Distribution exists. In the latter case, animal distribution can converge to an equilibrium of distributional dynamics at which individuals do disperse, but the net movement between patches ceases. Such distributional equilibrium corresponds to balanced dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlastimil Křivan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Ross Cressman
- Department of Mathematics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Mörchen J, Luhn F, Wassmer O, Kunz JA, Kulik L, van Noordwijk MA, Rianti P, Rahmaeti T, Utami Atmoko SS, Widdig A, Schuppli C. Orangutan males make increased use of social learning opportunities, when resource availability is high. iScience 2024; 27:108940. [PMID: 38333693 PMCID: PMC10850741 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans' colonization of diverse habitats relied on our ancestors' abilities to innovate and share innovations with others. While ecological impacts on innovations are well studied, their effect on social learning remains poorly understood. We examined how food availability affects social learning in migrant orangutan unflanged males, who may learn from local orangutans through peering (i.e., observational social learning). We analyzed 1,384 dyadic associations, including 360 peering events, among 46 wild Sumatran orangutan and 25 Bornean orangutan males, collected over 18 years. Migrants' peering rates significantly increased with higher food availability and time spent in proximity to others. Furthermore, migrants in the more sociable Sumatran population exhibited significantly higher peering rates compared to the Borneans, suggesting intrinsic and/or developmental effects of food availability on social learning. These findings emphasize the importance of investigating ecological effects on social learning on the immediate, developmental, and intrinsic levels for our understanding of cultural evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mörchen
- Development and Evolution of Cognition Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
- Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Primate Behaviour and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frances Luhn
- Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olivia Wassmer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia A. Kunz
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology of Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Lars Kulik
- Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria A. van Noordwijk
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Comparative Socioecology, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Puji Rianti
- Primate Research Center, Institute of Research and Community Service, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Animal Biosystematics and Ecology Division, Department of Biology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Tri Rahmaeti
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
| | - Sri Suci Utami Atmoko
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
| | - Anja Widdig
- Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Primate Behaviour and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Caroline Schuppli
- Development and Evolution of Cognition Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Roffler GH, Pilgrim KL, Williams BC. Patterns of Wolf Dispersal Respond to Harvest Density across an Island Complex. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:622. [PMID: 38396590 PMCID: PMC10885989 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Wolves are highly mobile predators and can disperse across a variety of habitats and over long distances. However, less is known about dispersal capabilities across water and among islands. The biogeography of island systems fosters spatially structured local populations, and their degree of connectivity may influence the dynamics and long-term viability of the regional population. We sought to quantify wolf dispersal rate, distance, and dispersal sex bias throughout Prince of Wales Island, a 6670 km2 island in southeast Alaska, and the surrounding islands that constitute the wildlife management unit (9025 km2). We also investigated patterns of dispersal in relation to hunting and trapping intensity and wolf population density. We used DNA data collected during 2012-2021 long-term monitoring efforts and genotyped 811 wolves, 144 of which (18%) were dispersers. Annual dispersal rates were 9-23% and had a weakly positive relationship with wolf density. Wolves dispersed 41.9 km on average (SD = 23.7 km), and males and females did not disperse at different rates. Of the dispersing wolves, 107 died, and the majority (n = 81) died before they were able to settle. The leading manner of death was trapping (97% of mortalities), and wolves tended to disperse from areas with low harvest density to areas where harvest density was relatively higher. Dispersal occurred both to and from small islands and the larger Prince of Wales Island, indicating bidirectional as opposed to asymmetrical movement, and the genetic overlap of wolf groups demonstrates connectivity throughout this naturally patchy system. Island ecosystems have different predator-prey dynamics and recolonization processes than large, intact systems due to their isolation and restricted sizes; thus, a better understanding of the degree of population connectivity including dispersal patterns among islands in the Prince of Wales archipelago could help inform the management and research strategies of these wolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen H. Roffler
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Douglas, AK 99824, USA
| | - Kristine L. Pilgrim
- National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Missoula, MT 59802, USA;
| | - Benjamin C. Williams
- Auke Bay Laboratories, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, AK 99801, USA;
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20
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Martínez F, Oltra J, Frías Ó, González Del Barrio JL, Pérez-García JM, Carrete M, Blanco G. A long-lasting, distant journey of a male griffon vulture informs on the success of differential parental investment. Ecology 2024; 105:e4226. [PMID: 38038263 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Martínez
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Móstoles, Spain
| | - Juan Oltra
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Óscar Frías
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Martina Carrete
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Bilby J, Moseby K. Review of hyperdispersal in wildlife translocations. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14083. [PMID: 36919937 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Species translocation is a common tool to reverse biodiversity loss, but it has a high failure rate. One factor that contributes to failure is postrelease hyperdispersal, which we define as the long-distance movement of individuals resulting in their failure to contribute to population establishment. We reviewed reported incidences of hyperdispersal and compared rates of hyperdispersal among taxa, population demographics, release cohorts, and success of mitigation techniques. Of 151 conservation translocations (reinforcements and reintroductions) in which animals were tracked, hyperdispersal was confirmed in 52.1% of programs. The prevalence of hyperdispersal (percentage of studies) was relatively consistent across taxa (42.9-60%), but hyperdispersal rates in birds were likely underestimated because 76.9% of bird translocations showed incidences in which birds could not be located after release, but hyperdispersal was unable to be confirmed. Eutherians exhibited a higher average incidence of hyperdispersal (percentage of hyperdispersing individuals in a cohort) of 20.2% than birds, reptiles, and marsupials (10.4%, 15.7%, and 10.3%, respectively). No significant trends were observed for sex, source population, or translocation type, but there were nonsignificant trends for males to hyperdisperse more than females and for higher incidences of hyperdispersal in reinforcements relative to reintroduction programs. Mitigation techniques included temporary confinement, supplementation of resources, and releasing animals in social groups, but only half of studies examining mitigation techniques found them useful. Hyperdispersal incidence was variable within taxa, and we advise against forming translocations strategies based on results from other species. Hyperdispersal is a significant welfare, economic, and conservation issue in translocations, and we suggest definitions, reporting, and experimental strategies to address it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Bilby
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine Moseby
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Reid JM, Dickel L, Keller LF, Nietlisbach P, Arcese P. Multi-generation genetic contributions of immigrants reveal cryptic elevated and sex-biased effective gene flow within a natural meta-population. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14377. [PMID: 38361472 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Impacts of immigration on micro-evolution and population dynamics fundamentally depend on net rates and forms of resulting gene flow into recipient populations. Yet, the degrees to which observed rates and sex ratios of physical immigration translate into multi-generational genetic legacies have not been explicitly quantified in natural meta-populations, precluding inference on how movements translate into effective gene flow and eco-evolutionary outcomes. Our analyses of three decades of complete song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) pedigree data show that multi-generational genetic contributions from regular natural immigrants substantially exceeded those from contemporary natives, consistent with heterosis-enhanced introgression. However, while contributions from female immigrants exceeded those from female natives by up to three-fold, male immigrants' lineages typically went locally extinct soon after arriving. Both the overall magnitude, and the degree of female bias, of effective gene flow therefore greatly exceeded those which would be inferred from observed physical arrivals, altering multiple eco-evolutionary implications of immigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Reid
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lisa Dickel
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lukas F Keller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Natural History Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pirmin Nietlisbach
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Arcese
- Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Matsumura K, Onuma T, Kondo S, Noguchi H, Uchiyama H, Yajima S, Sasaki K, Miyatake T. Transcriptomic comparison between populations selected for higher and lower mobility in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Sci Rep 2024; 14:67. [PMID: 38167631 PMCID: PMC10762016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Movement is an important behavior observed in a wide range of taxa. Previous studies have examined genes controlling movement using wing polymorphic insects and genes controlling wing size. However, few studies have investigated genes controlling movement activity rather than morphological traits. In the present study, we conducted RNA sequencing using populations with higher (WL) and lower (WS) mobility established by artificial selection in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and compared gene expression levels between selected populations with two replicate lines. As a result, we found significant differences between the selected populations in 677 genes expressed in one replicate line and 1198 genes expressed in another replicate line, of which 311 genes were common to the two replicate lines. Furthermore, quantitative PCR focusing on 6 of these genes revealed that neuropeptide F receptor gene (NpF) was significantly more highly expressed in the WL population than in the WS population, which was common to the two replicate lines. We discuss differences in genes controlling movement between walking activity and wing polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentarou Matsumura
- Graduate School of Environment, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Onuma
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kondo
- Center for Genome Informatics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hideki Noguchi
- Center for Genome Informatics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hironobu Uchiyama
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yajima
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ken Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyatake
- Graduate School of Environment, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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24
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Alvarado MV, Felip A, Espigares F, Oliveira RF. Unexpected appetitive events promote positive affective state in juvenile European sea bass. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22064. [PMID: 38086896 PMCID: PMC10716175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Some animal species exhibit considerable physiological and behavioural alterations in response to captivity. It has been hypothesized, but rarely tested, that such changes reflect a negative affective state that is associated to this specific context. In the last years, judgement bias measures have emerged as reliable indicators of animal affective state, under the assumption that individuals in a negative affective state are more likely to evaluate ambiguous stimuli as negative and display therefore pessimistic behaviours. Here, we have developed a judgement bias task for juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) aiming to measure optimism/pessimism in this marine species, which have previously been reported to show important dysregulations in captive settings. Our results show that juvenile sea bass exhibit a considerable bias towards pessimistic behaviours in laboratory settings. Furthermore, juveniles that received an unexpected positive event during the judgement bias test displayed more optimistic responses toward ambiguous stimuli as compared to control fish, indicating a positive change in their affective state induced by the appetitive experience. These results reveal a direct interaction of the internal affective state with decision-making processing under ambiguity in juvenile European sea bass, highlighting therefore the potential of judgement bias tests as a tool for the advancement and improvement of our understanding of welfare in finfish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Alvarado
- Integrative Behavioural Biology Group, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - A Felip
- Fish Reproductive Physiology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - F Espigares
- Integrative Behavioural Biology Group, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - R F Oliveira
- Integrative Behavioural Biology Group, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal.
- ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal.
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25
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Mahdjoub H, Zebsa R, Kahalerras A, Amari H, Bensouilah S, Samways MJ, Khelifa R. Condition-dependent survival and movement behavior in an endangered endemic damselfly. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21819. [PMID: 38071197 PMCID: PMC10710475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Movement is essential for the maintenance of populations in their natural habitats, particularly for threatened species living in fluctuating environments. Empirical evidence suggests that the probability and distance of movement in territorial species are context-dependent, often depending on population density and sex. Here, we investigate the movement behavior of the spring cohort of an endangered endemic damselfly Calopteryx exul in a lotic habitat of Northeast Algeria using capture-mark-recapture (CMR) of adults. By sampling 10 gridded river stretches across a 2 km section of the watercourse, we were able to estimate the distance of movement throughout individual lifespans and estimate movement probability for both males and females. We used multistate models to examine whether individual density and sex ratio influence survival and movement probability. We found that males and females had similar movement kernels with most individuals moving short distances (83% performing movements of < 100 m and only 1% > 1000 m). Of the 547 marked individuals, 63% were residents, and 37% were movers (moved at least 50 m from one sampling occasion to another). Survival probability showed higher estimates for females and was slightly density-dependent (i.e., lower survival probabilities were associated with high male densities). Survival probability did not show a marked difference between residents and movers. Movement probability and distances were positively correlated with individual density, but were not or slightly correlated with sex ratio, respectively. These results are not in line with the hypotheses of sex-biased movement and survival costs of movement. Our results suggest that the species performs mostly short-distance movements that are dependent on intraspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Mahdjoub
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rabah Zebsa
- Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences and Earth and Universe Sciences, University of 08 May 1945, Guelma, Algeria
| | | | - Hichem Amari
- Department of Natural Sciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Ouargla, Ouargla, Algeria
| | | | - Michael J Samways
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Rassim Khelifa
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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26
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Lin A, Álvarez-Salvado E, Milicic N, Pujara N, Ehrlich DE. Multisensory navigational strategies of hatchling fish for dispersal. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4917-4925.e4. [PMID: 37865093 PMCID: PMC10842570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Animals influence how they disperse in the environment by sensing local cues and adapting how they move. However, controlling dispersal can present a particular challenge early in life when animals tend to be more limited in their capacities to sense and move. To what extent and by what mechanisms can newly hatched fish control how they disperse? Here, we reveal hatchling sensorimotor mechanisms for controlling dispersal by combining swim tracking and precise sensory manipulations of a model species, zebrafish. In controlled laboratory experiments, if we physically constrained hatchlings or blocked sensations of motion through vision and the lateral line, hatchlings responded by elevating their buoyancy and passively moving with faster surface currents. Complementarily, in stagnant water, hatchlings covered more ground using hyperstable swimming, strongly orienting based on graviception. Using experimentally calibrated hydrodynamic simulations, we show that these hatchling behaviors nearly tripled diffusivity and made dispersal robust to local conditions, suggesting this multisensory strategy may provide important advantages for early life in a variable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allia Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Efrén Álvarez-Salvado
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nikola Milicic
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Integrative Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nimish Pujara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David E Ehrlich
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Integrative Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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27
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Behr DM, Hodel FH, Cozzi G, McNutt JW, Ozgul A. Higher Mortality Is Not a Universal Cost of Dispersal: A Case Study in African Wild Dogs. Am Nat 2023; 202:616-629. [PMID: 37963118 DOI: 10.1086/726220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMortality is considered one of the main costs of dispersal. A reliable evaluation of mortality, however, is often hindered by a lack of information about the fate of individuals that disappear under unexplained circumstances (i.e., missing individuals). Here, we addressed this uncertainty by applying a Bayesian mortality analysis that inferred the fate of missing individuals according to information from individuals with known fate. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that mortality during dispersal is higher than mortality among nondispersers using 32 years of mark-resighting data from a free-ranging population of the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) in northern Botswana. Contrary to expectations, we found that mortality during dispersal was lower than mortality among nondispersers, indicating that higher mortality is not a universal cost of dispersal. Our findings suggest that group living can incur costs for certain age classes, such as limited access to resources as group density increases, that exceed the mortality costs associated with dispersal. By challenging the accepted expectation of higher mortality during dispersal, we urge for further investigations of this key life history trait and propose a robust statistical approach to reduce bias in mortality estimates.
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28
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Morrison RE, Ndayishimiye E, Stoinski TS, Eckardt W. Multiple mechanisms for inbreeding avoidance used simultaneously in a wild ape. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231808. [PMID: 37848059 PMCID: PMC10581766 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mating with close kin can have considerable negative fitness consequences, which are expected to result in selective pressure for inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, such as dispersal, mate choice and post-copulatory biases. Captive studies have suggested that inbreeding avoidance through mate choice is far less widespread than expected and may be absent where other mechanisms already limit inbreeding. However, few studies have examined multiple mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance simultaneously, particularly in the wild. We use 13 years of detailed dispersal, copulation and paternity data from mountain gorillas to examine inbreeding avoidance. We find that partial dispersal of both sexes results in high kinship in multimale groups, but that copulations between close kin occur 40% less than expected. We find strong kin discrimination in mate choice, with significant avoidance of maternal kin but more limited avoidance of paternal kin. We find no evidence for post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance. Our analyses support familiarity-based mechanisms of kin identification and age-based avoidance that limits mating between fathers and daughters in their natal group. Our findings demonstrate that multiple complementary mechanisms for inbreeding avoidance can evolve in a single species and suggest that inbreeding avoidance through mate choice may enable more flexible dispersal systems to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E. Morrison
- Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, Musanze, Rwanda
- Human Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Tovar C, Hudson L, Cuesta F, Meneses RI, Muriel P, Hidalgo O, Palazzesi L, Suarez Ballesteros C, Hammond Hunt E, Diazgranados M, Hind DJN, Forest F, Halloy S, Aguirre N, Baker WJ, Beck S, Carilla J, Eguiguren P, Françoso E, Gámez LE, Jaramillo R, Llambí LD, Maurin O, Melcher I, Muller G, Roy S, Viñas P, Yager K, Viruel J. Strategies of diaspore dispersal investment in Compositae: the case of the Andean highlands. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:255-267. [PMID: 37501620 PMCID: PMC10583198 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Understanding diaspore morphology and how much a species invests on dispersal appendages is key for improving our knowledge of dispersal in fragmented habitats. We investigate diaspore morphological traits in high-Andean Compositae and their main abiotic and biotic drivers and test whether they play a role in species distribution patterns across the naturally fragmented high-Andean grasslands. METHODS We collected diaspore trait data for 125 Compositae species across 47 tropical high-Andean summits, focusing on achene length and pappus-to-achene length ratio, with the latter as a proxy of dispersal investment. We analysed the role of abiotic (temperature, elevation and latitude) and biotic factors (phylogenetic signal and differences between tribes) on diaspore traits and whether they are related to distribution patterns across the Andes, using phylogenomics, distribution modelling and community ecology analyses. KEY RESULTS Seventy-five percent of the studied species show small achenes (length <3.3 mm) and 67% have high dispersal investment (pappus length at least two times the achene length). Dispersal investment increases with elevation, possibly to compensate for lower air density, and achene length increases towards the equator, where non-seasonal climate prevails. Diaspore traits show significant phylogenetic signal, and higher dispersal investment is observed in Gnaphalieae, Astereae and Senecioneae, which together represent 72% of our species. High-Andean-restricted species found across the tropical Andes have, on average, the pappus four times longer than the achene, a significantly higher dispersal investment than species present only in the northern Andes or only in the central Andes. CONCLUSIONS Small achenes and high diaspore dispersal investment dominate among high-Andean Compositae, traits typical of mostly three tribes of African origin; but traits are also correlated with the environmental gradients within the high-Andean grasslands. Our results also suggest that diaspore dispersal investment is likely to shape species distribution patterns in naturally fragmented habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Cuesta
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud – BIOMAS, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rosa Isela Meneses
- Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Bolivia
| | - Priscilla Muriel
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Oriane Hidalgo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luis Palazzesi
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephan Halloy
- Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nikolay Aguirre
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales del Ambiente y Biodiversidad, Carrera de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Stephan Beck
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Bolivia
| | - Julieta Carilla
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Paúl Eguiguren
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales del Ambiente y Biodiversidad, Carrera de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Luis E Gámez
- Laboratorio de Dendrología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Ricardo Jaramillo
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis Daniel Llambí
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Ecologicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
- Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina, Germán Alemán E12-123, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Inga Melcher
- Institute for Biodiversity & Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Karina Yager
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Savary P, Foltête JC, Moal H, Vuidel G, Garnier S. Inferring landscape resistance to gene flow when genetic drift is spatially heterogeneous. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:1574-1588. [PMID: 37332161 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In connectivity models, land cover types are assigned cost values characterizing their resistance to species movements. Landscape genetic methods infer these values from the relationship between genetic differentiation and cost distances. The spatial heterogeneity of population sizes, and consequently genetic drift, is rarely included in this inference although it influences genetic differentiation. Similarly, migration rates and population spatial distributions potentially influence this inference. Here, we assessed the reliability of cost value inference under several migration rates, population spatial patterns and degrees of population size heterogeneity. Additionally, we assessed whether considering intra-population variables, here using gravity models, improved the inference when drift is spatially heterogeneous. We simulated several gene flow intensities between populations with varying local sizes and spatial distributions. We then fit gravity models of genetic distances as a function of (i) the 'true' cost distances driving simulations or alternative cost distances, and (ii) intra-population variables (population sizes, patch areas). We determined the conditions making the identification of the 'true' costs possible and assessed the contribution of intra-population variables to this objective. Overall, the inference ranked cost scenarios reliably in terms of similarity with the 'true' scenario (cost distance Mantel correlations), but this 'true' scenario rarely provided the best model goodness of fit. Ranking inaccuracies and failures to identify the 'true' scenario were more pronounced when migration was very restricted (<4 dispersal events/generation), population sizes were most heterogeneous and some populations were spatially aggregated. In these situations, considering intra-population variables helps identify cost scenarios reliably, thereby improving cost value inference from genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Savary
- ARP-Astrance, Paris, France
- UMR 6049 Thé MA, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, Besançon Cedex, France
- UMR 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Gilles Vuidel
- UMR 6049 Thé MA, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Garnier
- UMR 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Dijon, France
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31
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Estandía A, Sendell-Price AT, Oatley G, Robertson F, Potvin D, Massaro M, Robertson BC, Clegg SM. Candidate gene polymorphisms are linked to dispersive and migratory behaviour: Searching for a mechanism behind the "paradox of the great speciators". J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1503-1516. [PMID: 37750610 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The "paradox of the great speciators" has puzzled evolutionary biologists for over half a century. A great speciator requires excellent dispersal propensity to explain its occurrence on multiple islands, but reduced dispersal ability to explain its high number of subspecies. A rapid reduction in dispersal ability is often invoked to solve this apparent paradox, but a proximate mechanism has not been identified yet. Here, we explored the role of six genes linked to migration and animal personality differences (CREB1, CLOCK, ADCYAP1, NPAS2, DRD4, and SERT) in 20 South Pacific populations of silvereye (Zosterops lateralis) that range from highly sedentary to partially migratory, to determine if genetic variation is associated with dispersal propensity and migration. We detected genetic associations in three of the six genes: (i) in a partial migrant population, migrant individuals had longer microsatellite alleles at the CLOCK gene compared to resident individuals from the same population; (ii) CREB1 displayed longer average microsatellite allele lengths in recently colonized island populations (<200 years), compared to evolutionarily older populations. Bayesian broken stick regression models supported a reduction in CREB1 length with time since colonization; and (iii) like CREB1, DRD4 showed differences in polymorphisms between recent and old colonizations but a larger sample is needed to confirm. ADCYAP1, SERT, and NPAS2 were variable but that variation was not associated with dispersal propensity. The association of genetic variants at three genes with migration and dispersal ability in silvereyes provides the impetus for further exploration of genetic mechanisms underlying dispersal shifts, and the prospect of resolving a long-running evolutionary paradox through a genetic lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Estandía
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ashley T Sendell-Price
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Graeme Oatley
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Fiona Robertson
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dominique Potvin
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Massaro
- Gulbali Institute and School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sonya M Clegg
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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32
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Tol SJ, Carter AB, York PH, Jarvis JC, Grech A, Congdon BC, Coles RG. Vegetative fragment production as a means of propagule dispersal for tropical seagrass meadows. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106160. [PMID: 37678099 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Long distance dispersal (LDD) contributes to the replenishment and recovery of tropical seagrass habitats exposed to disturbance, such as cyclones and infrastructure development. However, our current knowledge regarding the physical attributes of seagrass fragments that influence LDD predominantly stems from temperate species and regions. The goal of this paper is to measure seagrass fragment density and viability in two tropical species, assessing various factors influencing their distribution. METHODS We measured the density and viability of floating seagrass fragments for two tropical seagrass species (Zostera muelleri and Halodule uninervis) in two coastal seagrass meadows in the central Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, Australia. We assessed the effect of wind speed, wind direction, seagrass growing/senescent season, seagrass meadow density, meadow location and dugong foraging intensity on fragment density. We also measured seagrass fragment structure and fragment viability; i.e., potential to establish into a new plant. KEY RESULTS We found that seagrass meadow density, season, wind direction and wind speed influenced total fragment density, while season and wind speed influenced the density of viable fragments. Dugong foraging intensity did not influence fragment density. Our results indicate that wave action from winds combined with high seagrass meadow density increases seagrass fragment creation, and that more fragments are produced during the growing than the senescent season. Seagrass fragments classified as viable for Z. muelleri and H. uninervis had significantly more shoots and leaves than non-viable fragments. We collected 0.63 (±0.08 SE) floating viable fragments 100 m-2 in the growing season, and 0.13 (±0.03 SE) viable fragments 100 m-2 in the senescent season. Over a third (38%) of all fragments collected were viable. CONCLUSION There is likely to be a large number of viable seagrass fragments available for long distance dispersal. This study's outputs can inform dispersal and connectivity models that are used to direct seagrass ecosystem management and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Tol
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Cairns, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
| | - A B Carter
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - P H York
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - J C Jarvis
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, USA
| | - A Grech
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - B C Congdon
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - R G Coles
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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33
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Bisconti R, Carere C, Costantini D, Liparoto A, Chiocchio A, Canestrelli D. Evolution of personality and locomotory performance traits during a late Pleistocene island colonization in a tree frog. Curr Zool 2023; 69:631-641. [PMID: 37637312 PMCID: PMC10449429 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent empirical and theoretical studies suggest that personality and locomotory performance traits linked to dispersal abilities are crucial components of the dispersal syndromes, and that they can evolve during range expansions and colonization processes. Island colonization is one of the best characterized processes in dispersal biogeography, and its implication in the evolution of phenotypic traits has been investigated over a wide range of temporal scales. However, the effect of island colonization on personality and performance traits of natural populations, and how these traits could drive island colonization, has been little explored. Noteworthy, no studies have addressed these processes in the context of late Pleistocene range expansions. Here, we investigated the contribution of island colonization triggered by postglacial range expansions to intraspecific variation in personality and locomotory performance traits. We compared boldness, exploration, jumping performance, and stickiness abilities in populations from 3 equidistant areas of the Tyrrhenian tree frog Hyla sarda, 2 from the main island (Corsica Island), and 1 from the recently colonized island of Elba. Individuals from Elba were significantly bolder than individuals from Corsica, as they emerged sooner from a shelter (P = 0.028), while individuals from Corsica showed markedly higher jumping and stickiness performance (both P < 0.001), resulting as more performing than those of Elba. We discuss these results in the context of the major microevolutionary processes at play during range expansion, including selection, spatial sorting, founder effects, and their possible interaction with local adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bisconti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Claudio Carere
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - David Costantini
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation (PhyMA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP32, 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anita Liparoto
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiocchio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Daniele Canestrelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Heifetz A. The disperser dilemma in cooperatively breeding birds. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1539-1546. [PMID: 37702035 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
In most cooperatively breeding birds, individuals do not breed with their natal group members. In order to breed, they have either to disperse into another group or wait for an opposite-sex individual to join their group. In most of these species, females disperse more than males. We develop a dynamic game-theoretic model to account for this asymmetry. When males are physically larger/heavier than females, this allows them to effectively welcome female immigrants into their natal group and overcome the local females' opposition more than vice versa. The model further assumes that the dispersal decision is not confined to a restricted time window, but is rather based on acquired information and responsive to opportunities. The model predicts that (i) females disperse more than males, and (ii) females are willing to tolerate more risks in dispersal than do males. The latter prediction is supported inter alia by the fact that in many cooperatively breeding birds, females disperse at a younger age, and further away from their natal group as compared to dispersing males.
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35
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Marcantonio M, Voda R, Da Re D, Igot Q, Dennis RLH, Vielfaure A, Vanwambeke SO, Nieberding CM. The Effect of Habitat on Insect Movements: Experimental Evidence from Wild-Caught Butterflies. INSECTS 2023; 14:737. [PMID: 37754705 PMCID: PMC10531938 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
There is broad evidence that the main driver of the ongoing biodiversity crisis is land-use change, which reduces and fragments habitats. The consequence of habitat fragmentation on behavioural responses of fitness-related traits in insects have been so far understudied. In herbivorous insects, oviposition-related behaviours determine access to larval food, and the fate of the next generation. We present a pilot study to assess differences in behaviours related to movement and oviposition in Limenitis camilla butterflies from Wallonia (Belgium), one of the most fragmented regions in Europe. We first quantified variation in functional habitat connectivity across Wallonia and found that fragmented habitats had more abundant, but less evenly distributed host plants of L. camilla. Secondly, we quantified the behaviours of field-caught L. camilla females originating from habitats with contrasted landscape connectivity in an outdoor experimental setting. We found differences in behaviours related to flight investment: butterflies from fragmented woodlands spent more time in departing flight, which we associated with dispersal, than butterflies from homogenous woodlands. Although results from this study should be interpreted with caution given the limited sample size, they provide valuable insights for the advancement of behavioural research that aims to assess the effects of global changes on insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Marcantonio
- Earth & Life Institute, University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Carnoy Building, Croix du sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.V.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Raluca Voda
- Earth & Life Institute, University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Carnoy Building, Croix du sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.V.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Daniele Da Re
- Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth & Life Institute, University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 3, Bâtiment Mercator, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (D.D.R.); (S.O.V.)
| | - Quentin Igot
- Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth & Life Institute, University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 3, Bâtiment Mercator, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (D.D.R.); (S.O.V.)
| | - Roger L. H. Dennis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK;
| | - Aurélien Vielfaure
- Earth & Life Institute, University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Carnoy Building, Croix du sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.V.); (C.M.N.)
- L’Institut Agro Dijon, 26, bd Docteur Petitjean-BP 87999, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Sophie O. Vanwambeke
- Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth & Life Institute, University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 3, Bâtiment Mercator, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (D.D.R.); (S.O.V.)
| | - Caroline M. Nieberding
- Earth & Life Institute, University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Carnoy Building, Croix du sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.V.); (C.M.N.)
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Wu Y, Zhang Z, Hipsey MR, Zhang M. Tidal action enhances coastal wetland plant connectivity. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138784. [PMID: 37119931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetlands are being greatly affected by global climate change, and understanding how tides influence plant connectivity can provide a basis for plant conservation and wetland restoration decisions in degraded and at-risk areas. In our study, we quantified the structural and functional connectivity of Suaeda salsa in the Yellow River Delta and explored the impact of tidal action on connectivity. The results showed that plant structural connectivity increased with distance inland from the sea. Similarly, seed connectivity was enhanced but gene connectivity was diminished when moving inland. An increase in the tidal channel branching rate was associated with a significant reduction in plant structural connectivity, and tidal inundation frequency significantly promoted gene connectivity. Tidal action was found to reduce seed circulation and germination, but this effect was not significant. Overall, it was established that plant structural connectivity is not equivalent to functional connectivity and that the effects of tides on structural and functional connectivity are inconsistent. In terms of achieving effective plant connectivity, tides can promote connectivity. In addition, when studying plant connectivity, temporal and spatial scales should be considered. This study provides a more comprehensive and insightful understanding tidal drivers of plant connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wu
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Matthew R Hipsey
- Centre for Water and Spatial Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Saade C, Fronhofer EA, Pichon B, Kéfi S. Landscape Structure Affects Metapopulation-Scale Tipping Points. Am Nat 2023; 202:E17-E30. [PMID: 37384765 DOI: 10.1086/724550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEven when environments deteriorate gradually, ecosystems may shift abruptly from one state to another. Such catastrophic shifts are difficult to predict and sometimes to reverse (so-called hysteresis). While well studied in simplified contexts, we lack a general understanding of how catastrophic shifts spread in realistically spatially structured landscapes. For different types of landscape structures, including typical terrestrial modular and riverine dendritic networks, we here investigate landscape-scale stability in metapopulations whose patches can locally exhibit catastrophic shifts. We find that such metapopulations usually exhibit large-scale catastrophic shifts and hysteresis and that the properties of these shifts depend strongly on the metapopulation spatial structure and on the population dispersal rate: an intermediate dispersal rate, a low average degree, or a riverine spatial structure can largely reduce hysteresis size. Our study suggests that large-scale restoration is easier with spatially clustered restoration efforts and in populations characterized by an intermediate dispersal rate.
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Michel A, Johnson JR, Szeligowski R, Ritchie EG, Sih A. Integrating sensory ecology and predator-prey theory to understand animal responses to fire. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1050-1070. [PMID: 37349260 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Fire regimes are changing dramatically worldwide due to climate change, habitat conversion, and the suppression of Indigenous landscape management. Although there has been extensive work on plant responses to fire, including their adaptations to withstand fire and long-term effects of fire on plant communities, less is known about animal responses to fire. Ecologists lack a conceptual framework for understanding behavioural responses to fire, which can hinder wildlife conservation and management. Here, we integrate cue-response sensory ecology and predator-prey theory to predict and explain variation in if, when and how animals react to approaching fire. Inspired by the literature on prey responses to predation risk, this framework considers both fire-naïve and fire-adapted animals and follows three key steps: vigilance, cue detection and response. We draw from theory on vigilance tradeoffs, signal detection, speed-accuracy tradeoffs, fear generalization, neophobia and adaptive dispersal. We discuss how evolutionary history with fire, but also other selective pressures, such as predation risk, should influence animal behavioural responses to fire. We conclude by providing guidance for empiricists and outlining potential conservation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Michel
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jacob R Johnson
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Richard Szeligowski
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Euan G Ritchie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Kauppi JJ, Chapman SN, Pettay JE, Lahdenperä M, Lummaa V, Loehr J. Sex, age, and family structure influence dispersal behaviour after a forced migration. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2023; 5:e21. [PMID: 37587948 PMCID: PMC10426002 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersal does not only mean moving from one environment to another, but can also refer to shifting from one social group to another. Individual characteristics such as sex, age and family structure might influence an individual's propensity to disperse. In this study, we use a unique dataset of an evacuated World War II Finnish population, to test how sex, age, number of siblings and birth order influence an individual's dispersal away from their own social group at a time when society was rapidly changing. We found that young women dispersed more than young men, but the difference decreased with age. This suggests that young men might benefit more from staying near a familiar social group, whereas young women could benefit more from moving elsewhere to find work or spouses. We also found that having more younger brothers increased the propensity for firstborns to disperse more than for laterborns, indicating that younger brothers might pressure firstborn individuals into leaving. However, sisters did not have the same effect as brothers. Overall, the results show that individual characteristics are important in understanding dispersal behaviour, but environmental properties such as social structure and the period of flux after World War II might upend the standard predictions concerning residence and dispersal. Social media summary: Individual characteristics influence dispersal away from social group after a forced migration in a Finnish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni J. Kauppi
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014Turku, Finland
| | - Simon N. Chapman
- INVEST Flagship Research Centre, University of Turku, 20014Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni E. Pettay
- INVEST Flagship Research Centre, University of Turku, 20014Turku, Finland
| | | | - Virpi Lummaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014Turku, Finland
| | - John Loehr
- University of Helsinki, 00014Helsinki, Finland
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40
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De Araujo LI, Karsten M, Terblanche JS. Flight-reproduction trade-offs are weak in a field cage experiment across multiple Drosophila species. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:100060. [PMID: 37292492 PMCID: PMC10244903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2023.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flight-reproduction trade-offs, such that more mobile individuals sacrifice reproductive output (e.g., fecundity) or incur fitness costs, are well-studied in a handful of wing-dimorphic model systems. However, these trade-offs have not been systematically assessed across reproduction-related traits and taxa in wing monomorphic species despite having broad implications for the ecology and evolution of pterygote insect species. Here we therefore determined the prevalence, magnitude and direction of flight-reproduction trade-offs on several fitness-related traits in a semi-field setting by comparing disperser and resident flies from repeated releases of five wild-caught, laboratory-reared Drosophila species, and explicitly controlling for a suite of potential confounding effects (maternal effects, recent thermal history) and potential morphological covariates (wing-loading, body mass). We found almost no systematic differences in reproductive output (egg production), reproductive fitness (offspring survival), or longevity between flying (disperser) and resident flies in our replicated releases, even if adjusting for potential morphological variation. After correction for false discovery rates, none of the five species showed evidence of a significant fitness trade-off associated with increased flight (sustained, simulated voluntary field dispersal). Our results therefore suggest that flight-reproduction trade-offs are not as common as might have been expected when assessed systematically across species and under the relatively standardized conditions and field setting employed here, at least not in the genus Drosophila. The magnitude and direction of potential dispersal- or flight-induced trade-offs, and the conditions that promote them, clearly require closer scrutiny. We argue that flight or dispersal is either genuinely cheaper than expected, or the costs manifest differently than those assessed here. Lost opportunities (i.e., time spent on mate-finding, mating or foraging) or nutrient-poor conditions could promote fitness costs to dispersal in our study system and that could be explored in future.
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41
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Choi A, Yi Y, Mardiastuti A, Choe JC. Intra-group competition and social dynamics regarding dispersal and maturation in wild Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch). Sci Rep 2023; 13:8285. [PMID: 37217595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natal dispersal is an important life-history trait in all animal taxa. In pair-living species, parent-offspring competition derived from the offspring's maturity can motivate the natal dispersal of offspring. However, not much has been known about the dispersal mechanisms of pair-living gibbons. To test food and mate competition as potential reasons for dispersal, we investigated the effect of the offspring age and sex on relationships between parents and offspring in wild Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia. We collected behavioral data for two years between 2016 and 2019. We found that aggression from parents toward offspring increased in both feeding and non-feeding context as the offspring got older. Offspring received more aggression from the parent of the same sex in the general context. While offspring decreased co-feeding and grooming time with parents as they got older, there was no change in the proximity and approach to parents. The results imply the presence of both intra-group food and mate competition which increase with the offspring's age. We highlight that increased competition between maturing offspring and parents changes their social relationships and peripheralizes offspring from the natal group which will eventually motivate offspring to disperse in Javan gibbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyun Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Yi
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ani Mardiastuti
- Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Jae C Choe
- Division of EcoScience, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Nitsch A, Faurie C, Lummaa V. Sibling competition, dispersal and fitness outcomes in humans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7539. [PMID: 37160936 PMCID: PMC10169773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining how sibling interactions alter the fitness outcomes of dispersal is pivotal for the understanding of family living, but such studies are currently scarce. Using a large demographic dataset on pre-industrial humans from Finland, we studied dispersal consequences on different indicators of lifetime reproductive success according to sex-specific birth rank (a strong determinant of dispersal in our population). Contrary to the predictions of the leading hypotheses, we found no support for differential fitness benefits of dispersal for either males or females undergoing low vs. high sibling competition. Our results are inconsistent with both hypotheses that family members could have different fitness maximizing strategies depending on birth rank, and that dispersal could be mainly driven by indirect fitness benefits for philopatric family members. Our study stresses the need for studying the relative outcomes of dispersal at the family level in order to understand the evolution of family living and dispersal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïda Nitsch
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole 1, Esplanade de l'Université, 31080, Cedex 6, Toulouse, France.
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Institute of Evolutionary Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 065, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Charlotte Faurie
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Evolutionary Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 065, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Virpi Lummaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Ruiz-Herrera A. The role of the spatial topology in trophic metacommunities: Species with reduced mobility and total population size. J Theor Biol 2023; 566:111479. [PMID: 37075827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
A central question in ecology is understanding the influence of the spatial topology on the dynamics of a metacommunity. This is not an easy task, as most fragmented ecosystems have trophic interactions involving many species and patches. Recent attempts to solve this challenge have introduced certain simplifying assumptions or focused on a limited set of examples. These simplifications make the models mathematically tractable but keep away from real-world problems. In this paper, we provide a novel methodology to describe the influence of the spatial topology on the total population size of the species when the dispersal rates are small. The main conclusion is that the influence of the spatial topology is the result of the influence of each path in isolation. Here, a path refers to a pairwise connection between two patches. Our framework can be readily used with any metacommunity, and therefore represents a unification of biological insights. We also discuss several applications regarding the construction of ecological corridors.
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McNichol BH, Russo SE. Plant Species' Capacity for Range Shifts at the Habitat and Geographic Scales: A Trade-Off-Based Framework. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1248. [PMID: 36986935 PMCID: PMC10056461 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing rapid shifts in the abiotic and biotic environmental conditions experienced by plant populations, but we lack generalizable frameworks for predicting the consequences for species. These changes may cause individuals to become poorly matched to their environments, potentially inducing shifts in the distributions of populations and altering species' habitat and geographic ranges. We present a trade-off-based framework for understanding and predicting whether plant species may undergo range shifts, based on ecological strategies defined by functional trait variation. We define a species' capacity for undergoing range shifts as the product of its colonization ability and the ability to express a phenotype well-suited to the environment across life stages (phenotype-environment matching), which are both strongly influenced by a species' ecological strategy and unavoidable trade-offs in function. While numerous strategies may be successful in an environment, severe phenotype-environment mismatches result in habitat filtering: propagules reach a site but cannot establish there. Operating within individuals and populations, these processes will affect species' habitat ranges at small scales, and aggregated across populations, will determine whether species track climatic changes and undergo geographic range shifts. This trade-off-based framework can provide a conceptual basis for species distribution models that are generalizable across plant species, aiding in the prediction of shifts in plant species' ranges in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey H. McNichol
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 1101 T Street, 402 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA;
| | - Sabrina E. Russo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 1101 T Street, 402 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA;
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 1901 Vine Street, N300 Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA
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Jungwirth A, Zöttl M, Bonfils D, Josi D, Frommen JG, Taborsky M. Philopatry yields higher fitness than dispersal in a cooperative breeder with sex-specific life history trajectories. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd2146. [PMID: 36867697 PMCID: PMC9984175 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Social evolution is tightly linked to dispersal decisions, but the ecological and social factors selecting for philopatry or dispersal often remain obscure. Elucidating selection mechanisms underlying alternative life histories requires measurement of fitness effects in the wild. We report on a long-term field study of 496 individually marked cooperatively breeding fish, showing that philopatry is beneficial as it increases breeding tenure and lifetime reproductive success in both sexes. Dispersers predominantly join established groups and end up in smaller groups when they ascend to dominance. Life history trajectories are sex specific, with males growing faster, dying earlier, and dispersing more, whereas females more likely inherit a breeding position. Increased male dispersal does not seem to reflect an adaptive preference but rather sex-specific differences in intrasexual competition. Cooperative groups may thus be maintained because of inherent benefits of philopatry, of which females seem to get the greater share in social cichlids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Jungwirth
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1a, A-1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zöttl
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Danielle Bonfils
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| | - Dario Josi
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Joachim G. Frommen
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, M1 5GD Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Taborsky
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study (Wissenschaftskolleg) Berlin, D-14193 Berlin, Germany
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Raffard A, Campana JLM, Legrand D, Schtickzelle N, Jacob S. Resident-Disperser Differences and Genetic Variability Affect Communities in Microcosms. Am Nat 2023; 201:363-375. [PMID: 36848519 DOI: 10.1086/722750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDispersal is a key process mediating ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Its effects on the dynamics of spatially structured systems, population genetics, and species range distribution can depend on phenotypic differences between dispersing and nondispersing individuals. However, scaling up the importance of resident-disperser differences to communities and ecosystems has rarely been considered, in spite of intraspecific phenotypic variability being an important factor mediating community structure and productivity. Here, we used the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, in which phenotypic traits are known to differ between residents and dispersers, to test (i) whether these resident-disperser differences affect biomass and composition in competitive communities composed of four other Tetrahymena species and (ii) whether these effects are genotype dependent. We found that dispersers led to a lower community biomass compared with residents. This effect was highly consistent across the 20 T. thermophila genotypes used, despite intraspecific variability in resident-disperser phenotypic differences. We also found a significant genotypic effect on biomass production, showing that intraspecific variability has consequences for communities. Our study suggests that individual dispersal strategy can scale up to community productivity in a predictable way, opening new perspectives to the functioning of spatially structured ecosystems.
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Morandini M, Koprowski JL. Using a substitute species to inform translocation of an endangered territorial mammal. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0271083. [PMID: 36795641 PMCID: PMC9934355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Substitute species can inform management strategies without exposing endangered species to unacceptable risk. Furthermore, experimental approaches may help to identify the causes of translocation failures, improving the chances of success. We used a surrogate subspecies, Tamiasciurus fremonti fremonti to test different translocation techniques to inform on potential management actions with regards to the endangered Mt. Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus fremonti grahamensis). Individuals of both subspecies defend year-round territories in similar mixed conifer forests at elevations between 2650-2750 m, where they store cones to survive over winter. We fitted VHF radio collars to 54 animals, and we monitored their survival and movements until individuals settled on a new territory. We considered the effect of season, translocation technique (soft or hard release), and body mass on survival, distance moved after release, and time to settlement of translocated animals. Survival probability averaged 0.48 after 60 days from the translocation event and was not affected by season or translocation technique. 54% of the mortality was caused by predation. Distance moved and number of days to settlement varied with season, where winter was characterized by shorter distances (average of 364 m in winter versus 1752 m in fall) and a smaller number of days (6 in winter versus 23 in fall). The data emphasized on the potential of substitute species to provide valuable information for possible outcomes of management strategies to closely related endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Morandini
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - John L. Koprowski
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
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Lowe WH, Addis BR, Cochrane MM, Swartz LK. Source-sink dynamics within a complex life history. Ecology 2023; 104:e3991. [PMID: 36772972 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Source-sink patch dynamics occur when movement from sources stabilizes sinks by compensating for low local vital rates. The mechanisms underlying source-sink dynamics may be complicated in species that undergo transitions between discrete life stages, particularly when stages have overlapping habitat requirements and similar movement abilities. In these species, for example, the demographic effects of movement by one stage may augment or offset the effects of movement by another stage. We used a stream salamander system to investigate patch dynamics within this form of complex life history. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that the salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus experiences source-sink dynamics in riffles and pools, the dominant geomorphic patch types in headwater streams. We estimated stage-specific survival probabilities in riffles and pools and stage-specific movement probabilities between the two patch types using 8 years of capture-recapture data on 4491 individuals, including premetamorphic larvae and postmetamorphic adults. We then incorporated survival and movement probabilities into a stage-structured, two-patch model to determine the demographic interactions between riffles and pools. Monthly survival probabilities of both stages were higher in pools than in riffles. Larvae were more likely to move from riffles to pools, but adults were more likely to move from pools to riffles, despite experiencing much lower survival in riffles. In simulations, eliminating interpatch movements by both stages indicated that riffles are sinks that rely on immigration from pools for stability. Allowing only larvae to move stabilized both patch types, but allowing only adults to move destabilized pools due to the demographic cost of adult emigration. These results indicated that larval movement not only stabilizes riffles, but also offsets the destabilizing effects of maladaptive adult movement. Similar patch dynamics may emerge in any structured population in which movement and local vital rates differ by age, size, or stage. Addressing these forms of internal demographic structure in patch dynamics analyses will help to refine and advance general understanding of spatial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winsor H Lowe
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Brett R Addis
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Madaline M Cochrane
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Leah K Swartz
- Montana Freshwater Partners, Livingston, Montana, USA
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Laska A, Rector BG, Przychodzka A, Majer A, Zalewska K, Kuczynski L, Skoracka A. Do mites eat and run? A systematic review of feeding and dispersal strategies. Zool J Linn Soc 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Dispersal is an important process affecting the survival of organisms and the structure and dynamics of communities and ecosystems in space and time. It is a multiphase phenomenon influenced by many internal and external factors. Dispersal syndromes can be complicated, but they are vital to our knowledge of the biology of any organism. We analysed dispersal ability in mites (Acariformes and Parasitiformes), a highly diverse group of wingless arthropods, taking into consideration various modes of dispersal, feeding strategies, body size and the number of articles published for each species. Based on 174 articles summarized for this study, it appears that mites are opportunistic when it comes to dispersal, regardless of their feeding habits, and are often able to adopt several different strategies as needs arise. Moreover, we find a significant positive relationship between the amount of research effort that was put into studying a given species and the number of modes of dispersal that were described. The most salient conclusion to be drawn from this positive correlation is that additional studies are needed, especially on a broader set of mite taxa, until the aforementioned correlation is no longer demonstrably significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Laska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickewicz University , Poznań , Poland
| | - Brian G Rector
- United States Department of Agricuture, Agriculture Research Service, Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit , Reno, NV , USA
| | - Anna Przychodzka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickewicz University , Poznań , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Majer
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickewicz University , Poznań , Poland
| | - Kamila Zalewska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickewicz University , Poznań , Poland
| | - Lechosław Kuczynski
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickewicz University , Poznań , Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickewicz University , Poznań , Poland
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Gravel R, Lai S, Berteaux D. Long-term satellite tracking reveals patterns of long-distance dispersal in juvenile and adult Arctic foxes ( Vulpes lagopus). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:220729. [PMID: 36756054 PMCID: PMC9890113 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal plays a key role in species distribution and persistence. However, its movement metrics and ecological implications may differ whether it is undertaken by juveniles (natal dispersal) or adults (breeding dispersal). We investigated the influence of life stage on long-distance dispersal in the Arctic fox, an important tundra predator. We fitted 170 individuals with satellite collars during a 13-year study on Bylot Island (Nunavut, Canada), and analysed the tracks of 10 juveniles and 27 adults engaging in long-distance dispersal across the Canadian High Arctic. This behaviour was much more common than expected, especially in juveniles (62.5%, adults: 19.4%). Emigration of juveniles occurred mainly at the end of summer while departure of adults was not synchronized. Juveniles travelled for longer periods and over longer cumulative distances than adults, but spent similar proportions of their time travelling on sea ice versus land. Successful immigration occurred mostly in late spring and was similar for juveniles and adults (30% versus 37%). Our results reveal how life stage influences key aspects of long-distance dispersal in a highly mobile canid. This new knowledge is critical to understand the circumpolar genetic structure of the species, and how Arctic foxes can spread zoonoses across vast geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gravel
- Canada Research Chair on Northen Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Sandra Lai
- Canada Research Chair on Northen Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Dominique Berteaux
- Canada Research Chair on Northen Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada G5L 3A1
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