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Grinberg A, Strong A, Strandberg J, Selling J, Liebermann DG, Björklund M, Häger CK. Electrocortical activity associated with movement-related fear: a methodological exploration of a threat-conditioning paradigm involving destabilising perturbations during quiet standing. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1903-1915. [PMID: 38896295 PMCID: PMC11252179 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal trauma often leads to lasting psychological impacts stemming from concerns of future injuries. Often referred to as kinesiophobia or re-injury anxiety, such concerns have been shown to hinder return to physical activity and are believed to increase the risk for secondary injuries. Screening for re-injury anxiety is currently restricted to subjective questionnaires, which are prone to self-report bias. We introduce a novel approach to objectively identify electrocortical activity associated with the threat of destabilising perturbations. We aimed to explore its feasibility among non-injured persons, with potential future implementation for screening of re-injury anxiety. Twenty-three participants stood blindfolded on a translational balance perturbation platform. Consecutive auditory stimuli were provided as low (neutral stimulus [CS-]) or high (conditioned stimulus [CS+]) tones. For the main experimental protocol (Protocol I), half of the high tones were followed by a perturbation in one of eight unpredictable directions. A separate validation protocol (Protocol II) requiring voluntary squatting without perturbations was performed with 12 participants. Event-related potentials (ERP) were computed from electroencephalography recordings and significant time-domain components were detected using an interval-wise testing procedure. High-amplitude early contingent negative variation (CNV) waves were significantly greater for CS+ compared with CS- trials in all channels for Protocol I (> 521-800ms), most prominently over frontal and central midline locations (P ≤ 0.001). For Protocol II, shorter frontal ERP components were observed (541-609ms). Our test paradigm revealed electrocortical activation possibly associated with movement-related fear. Exploring the discriminative validity of the paradigm among individuals with and without self-reported re-injury anxiety is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grinberg
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Andrew Strong
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Selling
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dario G Liebermann
- Department of Physical Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Martin Björklund
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Charlotte K Häger
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Asano S, Ogawa A, Osada T, Oka S, Nakajima K, Oshima Y, Tanaka S, Kaga H, Tamura Y, Watada H, Kawamori R, Konishi S. Reduced gray matter volume in the default-mode network associated with insulin resistance. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11225-11234. [PMID: 37757477 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance may lead to structural and functional abnormalities of the human brain. However, the mechanism by which insulin resistance impairs the brain remains elusive. In this study, we used two large neuroimaging databases to investigate the brain regions where insulin resistance was associated with the gray matter volume and to examine the resting-state functional connectivity between these brain regions and each hypothalamic nucleus. Insulin resistance was associated with reduced gray matter volume in the regions of the default-mode and limbic networks in the cerebral cortex in older adults. Resting-state functional connectivity was prominent between these networks and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, a hypothalamic interface connecting functionally with the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation in these networks between insulin resistance-related gray matter volume reduction and network paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus resting-state functional connectivity. These results suggest that insulin resistance-related gray matter volume reduction in the default-mode and limbic networks emerged through metabolic homeostasis mechanisms in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Asano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ogawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koji Nakajima
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasushi Oshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Kaga
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine , 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine , 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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3
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Zhao R, Wang P, Liu L, Zhang F, Hu P, Wen J, Li H, Biswal BB. Whole-brain structure-function coupling abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment: a study combining amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and voxel-based morphometry. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1236221. [PMID: 37583417 PMCID: PMC10424122 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1236221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the leading diseases of the nervous system, is accompanied by symptoms such as loss of memory, thinking and language skills. Both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and very mild cognitive impairment (VMCI) are the transitional pathological stages between normal aging and AD. While the changes in whole-brain structural and functional information have been extensively investigated in AD, The impaired structure-function coupling remains unknown. The current study employed the OASIS-3 dataset, which includes 53 MCI, 90 VMCI, and 100 Age-, gender-, and education-matched normal controls (NC). Several structural and functional parameters, such as the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and The ALFF/VBM ratio, were used To estimate The whole-brain neuroimaging changes In MCI, VMCI, and NC. As disease symptoms became more severe, these regions, distributed in the frontal-inf-orb, putamen, and paracentral lobule in the white matter (WM), exhibited progressively increasing ALFF (ALFFNC < ALFFVMCI < ALFFMCI), which was similar to the tendency for The cerebellum and putamen in the gray matter (GM). Additionally, as symptoms worsened in AD, the cuneus/frontal lobe in the WM and the parahippocampal gyrus/hippocampus in the GM showed progressively decreasing structure-function coupling. As the typical focal areas in AD, The parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus showed significant positive correlations with the severity of cognitive impairment, suggesting the important applications of the ALFF/VBM ratio in brain disorders. On the other hand, these findings from WM functional signals provided a novel perspective for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms involved In cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaping Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Bharat B. Biswal
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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Yan Y, Li M, Jia H, Fu L, Qiu J, Yang W. Amygdala-based functional connectivity mediates the relationship between thought control ability and trait anxiety. Brain Cogn 2023; 168:105976. [PMID: 37086555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.105976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Thought control ability (TCA) refers to the ability to exclude unwanted thoughts. There has been consistent evidence on the protective effect of TCA on anxiety, that higher TCA is associated with lower anxiety. However, the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. In this study, with a large sample (N = 495), we investigated how seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) mediates the relationship between TCA and anxiety. Our behaviour results replicated previous findings that TCA is negatively associated with trait anxiety after controlling for gender, age, and depression. More importantly, the RSFC results revealed that TCA is negatively associated with the left amygdala - left frontal pole (LA-LFP), left amygdala - left inferior temporal gyrus (LA-LITG), and left hippocampus - left inferior frontal gyrus (LH-LIFG) connectivity. In addition, a mediation analysis demonstrated that the LA-LFP and LA-LITG connectivity in particular mediated the influence of TCA on trait anxiety. Overall, our study extends previous research by revealing the neural bases underlying the protective effect of TCA on anxiety and pinpointing specific mediating RSFC pathways. Future studies could explore whether targeted TCA training (behavioural or neural) can help alleviate anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China.
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Effinger DP, Quadir SG, Ramage MC, Cone MG, Herman MA. Sex-specific effects of psychedelic drug exposure on central amygdala reactivity and behavioral responding. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:119. [PMID: 37031219 PMCID: PMC10082812 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin have been shown to elicit rapid and long-lasting symptom improvements in a variety of affective psychiatric illnesses. However, the region-specific alterations underlying these therapeutic effects remain relatively unknown. The central amygdala (CeA) is a primary output region within the extended amygdala that is dysregulated in affective psychiatric disorders. Here, we measured CeA activity using the activity marker c-Fos and CeA reactivity using fiber photometry paired with an aversive air-puff stimulus. We found that psilocin administration acutely increased CeA activity in both males and females and increased stimulus specific CeA reactivity in females, but not males. In contrast, psilocin produced time-dependent decreases in reactivity in males, but not in females, as early as 2 days and lasting to 28 days post administration. We also measured behavioral responses to the air-puff stimulus and found sex-dependent changes in threat responding but not exploratory behavior or general locomotion. Repeated presentations of the auditory component of the air-puff were also performed and sex-specific effects of psilocin on CeA reactivity to the auditory-alone stimulus were also observed. This study provides new evidence that a single dose of psilocin produces sex-specific, time-dependent, and enduring changes in CeA reactivity and behavioral responding to specific components of an aversive stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Effinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - S G Quadir
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - M C Ramage
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - M G Cone
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - M A Herman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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6
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Karavallil Achuthan S, Coburn KL, Beckerson ME, Kana RK. Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations during resting state fMRI in autistic children. Autism Res 2023; 16:84-98. [PMID: 36349875 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) provides an excellent platform for examining the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), which are key indices of brain functioning. However, ALFF and fALFF have been used only sporadically to study autism. rs-fMRI data from 69 children (40 autistic, mean age = 8.47 ± 2.20 years; age range: 5.2 to 13.2; and 29 non-autistic, mean age = 9.02 ± 1.97 years; age range 5.9 to 12.9) were obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE II). ALFF and fALFF were measured using CONN connectivity toolbox and SPM12, at whole-brain & network-levels. A two-sampled t-test and a 2 Group (autistic, non-autistic) × 7 Networks ANOVA were conducted to test group differences in ALFF and fALFF. The whole-brain analysis identified significantly reduced ALFF values for autistic participants in left parietal opercular cortex, precuneus, and right insula. At the network level, there was a significant effect of diagnostic group and brain network on ALFF values, and only significant effect of network, not group, on fALFF values. Regression analyses indicated a significant effect of age on ALFF values of certain networks in autistic participants. Such intrinsically different network-level responses in autistic participants may have implications for task-level recruitment and synchronization of brain areas, which may in turn impact optimal cognitive functioning. Moreover, differences in low frequency fluctuations of key networks, such as the DMN and SN, may underlie alterations in brain responses in autism that are frequently reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Karavallil Achuthan
- Department of Psychology & The Center for Innovative Research in Autism, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Kelly L Coburn
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA
| | - Meagan E Beckerson
- Department of Psychology & The Center for Innovative Research in Autism, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Rajesh K Kana
- Department of Psychology & The Center for Innovative Research in Autism, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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Sladky R, Hahn A, Karl IL, Geissberger N, Kranz GS, Tik M, Kraus C, Pfabigan DM, Gartus A, Lanzenberger R, Lamm C, Windischberger C. Dynamic Causal Modeling of the Prefrontal/Amygdala Network During Processing of Emotional Faces. Brain Connect 2021; 12:670-682. [PMID: 34605671 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The importance of the amygdala/medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) network during processing of emotional stimuli, emotional faces in particular, is well established. This premise is supported by converging evidence from animal models, human neuroanatomical results, and neuroimaging studies. However, there is missing evidence from human brain connectivity studies that the OFC and no other prefrontal brain areas such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) are responsible for amygdala regulation in the functional context of emotional face stimuli. Methods: Dynamic causal modeling of ultrahigh-field functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired at 7 Tesla in 38 healthy subjects and a well-established paradigm for emotional face processing were used to assess the central role of the OFC to provide empirical validation for the assumed network architecture. Results: Using Bayesian model selection, it is demonstrated that indeed the OFC, and not the VLPFC and the DLPFC, downregulates amygdala activation during the emotion discrimination task. In addition, Bayesian model averaging group results were rigorously tested using bootstrapping, further corroborating these findings and providing an estimator for robustness and optimal sample sizes. Discussion: While it is true that VLPFC and DLPFC are relevant for the processing of emotional faces and are connected to the OFC, the OFC appears to be a central hub for the prefrontal/amygdala interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sladky
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Inga-Lisa Karl
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Geissberger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Tik
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kraus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela M Pfabigan
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Gartus
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Lamm
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Windischberger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Chu Z, Han W, Liu P, Liu F, Lei G, Deng L, Yang L, Dang Y. Electrolytic lesions of the bilateral ventrolateral orbital cortex not only directly reduce depression-like behavior but also decreased desperate behavior induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress in rats. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:69. [PMID: 34814852 PMCID: PMC8611979 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed that ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) may play an important role in the regulation of emotional behavior. However, it is not known what effect VLO damage will have on emotion regulation. RESULTS Data showed that damage of VLO increased the anxiety-like behavior in open field test and elevated plus maze, and decreased the depressive behavior in forced swimming test and learned helplessness test. Besides, the impulsive aggressive behaviors were also increased while the attack latency decreased after VLO lesion. What's more, damage of VLO decreased depressive behaviors induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress in rats. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the integrity of VLO plays an important role in emotional regulation, and the damage of VLO may inhibit the development of depression-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chu
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Lei
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Deng
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Dang
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Yu L, Kazinka R, Pratt D, Kwashie A, MacDonald AW. Resting-State Networks Associated with Behavioral and Self-Reported Measures of Persecutory Ideation in Psychosis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111490. [PMID: 34827489 PMCID: PMC8615751 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Persecutory ideations are self-referential delusions of being the target of malevolence despite a lack of evidence. Wisner et al. (2021) found that reduced connectivity between the left frontoparietal (lFP) network and parts of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) correlated with increased persecutory behaviors among psychotic patients performing in an economic social decision-making task that can measure the anticipation of a partner’s spiteful behavior. If this pattern could be observed in the resting state, it would suggest a functional-structural prior predisposing individuals to persecutory ideation. Forty-four patients in the early course of a psychotic disorder provided data for resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging across nine brain networks that included the FP network and a similar OFC region. As predicted, we found a significant and negative correlation between the lFP–OFC at rest and the level of suspicious mistrust on the decision-making task using a within-group correlational design. Additionally, self-reported persecutory ideation correlated significantly with the connectivity between the right frontoparietal (rFP) network and the OFC. We extended the previous finding of reduced connectivity between the lFP network and the OFC in psychosis patients to the resting state, and observed a possible hemispheric difference, such that greater rFP–OFC connectivity predicted elevated self-reported persecutory ideation, suggesting potential differences between the lFP and rFP roles in persecutory social interactions.
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10
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Rho G, Callara AL, Vanello N, Gentili C, Greco A, Scilingo EP. Odor valence modulates cortico-cortical interactions: a preliminary study using DCM for EEG. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:604-607. [PMID: 34891366 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction and emotions share common networks in the brain. However, little is known on how the emotional content of odors modulate dynamically the cortico-cortical interactions within these networks. In this preliminary study, we investigated the effect of odor valence on effective connectivity through the use of Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM). We recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) data from healthy subjects performing a passive odor task of odorants with different valence. Once defined a fully-connected a priori network comprising the pyriform cortex (PC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and entorhinal cortex (EC), we tested the modulatory effect of odor valence on their causal interactions at the group level using the parametric empirical bayes (PEB) framework. Results show that both pleasant and the unpleasant odors have an inhibitory effect on the connection from EC to PC, whereas we did not observe any effect for the neutral odor. Moreover, the odor with positive valence has a stronger influence on connectivity dynamics compared to the negative odor. Although preliminary, our results suggest that odor valence can modulate brain connectivity.
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11
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Muzik O, Baajour S, Chowdury A, Diwadkar VA. Effective connectivity of brain networks controlling human thermoregulation. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:299-312. [PMID: 34605996 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic centers in the mammalian brainstem are critical in responding to thermal challenges. These centers play a prominent role in human thermoregulation, but humans also respond to thermal challenges through behavior modification. Behavioral modifications are presumably sub served by interactions between the brainstem and interoceptive, cognitive and affective elements in human brain networks. Prior evidence suggests that interoceptive regions such as the insula, and cognitive/affective regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex are crucial. Here we used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to discover likely generative network architectures and estimate changes in the effective connectivity between nodes in a hierarchically organized thermoregulatory network (homeostatic-interoceptive-cognitive/affective). fMRI data were acquired while participants (N = 20) were subjected to a controlled whole body thermal challenge that alternatingly evoked sympathetic and parasympathetic responses. Using a competitive modeling framework (ten competing modeling architectures), we demonstrated that sympathetic responses (evoked by whole-body cooling) resulted in more complex network interactions along two ascending pathways: (i) homeostatic interoceptive and (ii) homeostatic cognitive/affective. Analyses of estimated connectivity coefficients demonstrated that sympathetic responses evoked greater network connectivity in key pathways compared to parasympathetic responses. These results reveal putative mechanisms by which human thermoregulatory networks evince a high degree of contextual sensitivity to thermoregulatory challenges. The patterns of the discovered interactions also reveal how information propagation from homeostatic regions to both interoceptive and cognitive/affective regions sub serves the behavioral repertoire that is an important aspect of thermoregulatory defense in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Muzik
- Departments of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Departments of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,KCI PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Shahira Baajour
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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12
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Masaoka Y, Sugiyama H, Yoshida M, Yoshikawa A, Honma M, Koiwa N, Kamijo S, Watanabe K, Kubota S, Iizuka N, Ida M, Ono K, Izumizaki M. Odors Associated With Autobiographical Memory Induce Visual Imagination of Emotional Scenes as Well as Orbitofrontal-Fusiform Activation. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:709050. [PMID: 34413723 PMCID: PMC8369471 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.709050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific odors can induce memories of the past, especially those associated with autobiographical and episodic memory. Odors associated with autobiographical memories have been found to elicit stronger activation in the orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, and parahippocampus compared with odors not linked to personal memories. Here, we examined whether continuous odor stimuli associated with autobiographical memories could activate the above olfactory areas in older adults and speculated regarding whether this odor stimulation could have a protective effect against age-related cognitive decline. Specifically, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the relationship between blood oxygen levels in olfactory regions and odor-induced subjective memory retrieval and emotions associated with autobiographical memory in older adults. In our group of healthy older adults, the tested odors induced autobiographical memories that were accompanied by increasing levels of retrieval and the feeling of being "brought back in time." The strength of the subjective feelings, including vividness of the memory and degree of comfort, impacted activation of the left fusiform gyrus and left posterior orbitofrontal cortex. Further, our path model suggested that the strength of memory retrieval and of the emotions induced by odor-evoked autobiographical memories directly influenced neural changes in the left fusiform gyrus, and impacted left posterior orbitofrontal cortex activation through the left fusiform response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Masaoka
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshikawa
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Honma
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Koiwa
- Human Arts and Sciences Research Center, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kamijo
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Kubota
- Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Iizuka
- Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ida
- National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Ibaragiken, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Izumizaki
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Rounis E, Halai A, Pizzamiglio G, Lambon Ralph MA. Characterising factors underlying praxis deficits in chronic left hemisphere stroke patients. Cortex 2021; 142:154-168. [PMID: 34271260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Limb apraxia, a disorder of skilled action not consequent on primary motor or sensory deficits, has traditionally been defined according to errors patients make on neuropsychological tasks. Previous models of the disorder have failed to provide a unified account of patients' deficits, due to heterogeneity in the patients and tasks used. In this study we hypothesised that we may be able to map apraxic deficits onto principal components, some of which may be specific, whilst others may align with other cognitive disorders. We implemented principal component analysis (PCA) to elucidate core factors of the disorder in a preliminary cohort of 41 unselected left hemisphere chronic stroke patients who were tested on a comprehensive and validated apraxia screen. Three principal components were identified: posture selection, semantic control and multi-demand sequencing. These were submitted to a lesion symptom mapping (VBCM) analysis in a subset of 24 patients, controlled for lesion volume, age and time post-stroke. The first component revealed no significant structural correlates. The second component was related to regions in inferior frontal gyrus, primary motor area, and adjacent parietal opercular (including inferior parietal and supramarginal gyrus) areas. The third component was associated with lesions within the white matter underlying the left sensorimotor cortex, likely involving the 2nd branch of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus as well as the posterior orbitofrontal cortex (pOFC). These results highlight a significant role of common cognitive functions in apraxia, which include action selection, and sequencing, whilst more specific deficits may relate to semantic control. Moreover, they suggest that previously described 'ideomotor' and 'ideational' deficits may have a common neural basis within semantic control. Further research using this technique would help elucidate the cognitive processes underlying limb apraxia, its neural correlates and their relationship with other cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rounis
- Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, West Middlesex University Hospital, Isleworth, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ajay Halai
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Infrared neural stimulation with 7T fMRI: A rapid in vivo method for mapping cortical connections of primate amygdala. Neuroimage 2021; 231:117818. [PMID: 33548458 PMCID: PMC9947864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that INS-fMRI is a rapid method for mapping mesoscale brain networks in the macaque monkey brain. Focal stimulation of single cortical sites led to the activation of connected cortical locations, resulting in a global connectivity map. Here, we have extended this method for mapping brainwide networks following stimulation of single subcortical sites. As a testbed, we focused on the basal nucleus of the amygdala in the macaque monkey. We describe methods to target basal nucleus locations with submillimeter precision, pulse train stimulation methods, and statistical tests for assessing non-random nature of activations. Using these methods, we report that stimulation of precisely targeted loci in the basal nucleus produced sparse and specific activations in the brain. Activations were observed in the insular and sensory association cortices as well as activations in the cingulate cortex, consistent with known anatomical connections. What is new here is that the activations were focal and, in some cases, exhibited shifting topography with millimeter shifts in stimulation site. The precision of the method enables networks mapped from different nearby sites in the basal nucleus to be distinguished. While further investigation is needed to improve the sensitivity of this method, our analyses do support the reproducibility and non-random nature of some of the activations. We suggest that INS-fMRI is a promising method for mapping large-scale cortical and subcortical networks at high spatial resolution.
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15
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Li X, Chen Q, Zheng W, Chen X, Wang L, Qin W, Li K, Lu J, Chen N. Inconsistency between cortical reorganization and functional connectivity alteration in the sensorimotor cortex following incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:2367-2377. [PMID: 31444779 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore whether there will be any alterations in sensorimotor-related cortex and the possible causes of sensorimotor dysfunction after incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (ICSCI). Structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) of nineteen ICSCI patients and nineteen healthy controls (HCs) was acquired. Voxel based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics were performed to assess differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter integrity between ICSCI patients and HCs. Whole brain functional connectivity (FC) was analyzed using the results of VBM as seeds. Associations between the clinical variables and the brain changes were studied. Compared with HCs, ICSCI patients demonstrated reduced GMV in the right fusiform gyrus (FG) and left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) but no changes in areas directly related to sensorimotor function. There were no significant differences in brain white matter. Additionally, the FC in the left primary sensorimotor cortex and cerebellum decreased when the FG and OFC, respectively, were used as seeds. Subsequent relevance analysis suggests a weak positive correlation between the left OFC's GMV and visual analog scale (VAS) scores. In conclusion, brain structural changes following ICSCI occur mainly in certain higher cognitive regions, such as the FG and OFC, rather than in the brain areas directly related to sensation or motor control. The functional areas of the brain that are related to cognitive processing may play an important role in sensorimotor dysfunction through the decreased FC with sensorimotor areas after ICSCI. Therefore, cognition-related functional training may play an important role in rehabilitation of sensorimotor function after ICSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Chang-chun St, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, No. 45 Chang-chun St, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Central Hospital, No. 15 Yuquan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Chang-chun St, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, No. 45 Chang-chun St, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Chang-chun St, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, No. 45 Chang-chun St, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Chang-chun St, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, No. 45 Chang-chun St, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Chang-chun St, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, No. 45 Chang-chun St, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Chang-chun St, Xicheng District, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, No. 45 Chang-chun St, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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16
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Lee S, Kim D, Youn H, Hyung WSW, Suh S, Kaiser M, Han CE, Jeong HG. Brain network analysis reveals that amyloidopathy affects comorbid cognitive dysfunction in older adults with depression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4299. [PMID: 33619307 PMCID: PMC7900108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) may increase the risk of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). While amyloidopathy accelerates AD progression, its role in such patients has not yet been elucidated. We hypothesized that cerebral amyloidopathy distinctly affects the alteration of brain network topology and may be associated with distinct cognitive symptoms. We recruited 26 and 27 depressed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with (LLD-MCI-A(+)) and without amyloid accumulation (LLD-MCI-A(-)), respectively, and 21 normal controls. We extracted structural brain networks using their diffusion-weighted images. We aimed to compare the distinct network deterioration in LLD-MCI with and without amyloid accumulation and the relationship with their distinct cognitive decline. Thus, we performed a group comparison of the network topological measures and investigated any correlations with neurocognitive testing scores. Topological features of brain networks were different according to the presence of amyloid accumulation. Disrupted network connectivity was highly associated with impaired recall and recognition in LLD-MCI-A(+) patients. Inattention and dysexecutive function were more influenced by the altered networks involved in fronto-limbic circuitry dysfunction in LLD-MCI-A(-) patients. Our results show that alterations in brain network topology may reflect different cognitive dysfunction depending on amyloid accumulation in depressed older adults with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daegyeom Kim
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunChul Youn
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok William Hyung
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Suh
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcus Kaiser
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) Research Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG, UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Precision Imaging Beacon, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Cheol E Han
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ghang Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Deming P, Dargis M, Haas BW, Brook M, Decety J, Harenski C, Kiehl KA, Koenigs M, Kosson DS. Psychopathy is associated with fear-specific reductions in neural activity during affective perspective-taking. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117342. [PMID: 32898678 PMCID: PMC9831240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychopathic individuals are notorious for their callous disregard for others' emotions. Prior research has linked psychopathy to deficits in affective mechanisms underlying empathy (e.g., affective sharing), yet research relating psychopathy to cognitive mechanisms underlying empathy (e.g., affective perspective-taking and Theory of Mind) requires further clarification. To elucidate the neurobiology of cognitive mechanisms of empathy in psychopathy, we administered an fMRI task and tested for global as well as emotion-specific deficits in affective perspective-taking. Adult male incarcerated offenders (N = 94) viewed images of two people interacting, with one individual's face obscured by a shape. Participants were cued to either identify the emotion of the obscured individual or identify the shape from one of two emotion or shape choices presented on each trial. Target emotions included anger, fear, happiness, sadness, and neutral. Contrary to predictions, psychopathy was unrelated to neural activity in the Affective Perspective-taking > Shape contrast. In line with predictions, psychopathy was negatively related to task accuracy during affective perspective-taking for fear, happiness, and sadness. Psychopathy was related to reduced hemodynamic activity exclusively during fear perspective-taking in several areas: left anterior insula extending into posterior orbitofrontal cortex, right precuneus, left superior parietal lobule, and left superior occipital cortex. Although much prior research has emphasized psychopathy-related abnormalities in affective mechanisms mediating empathy, current results add to growing evidence of psychopathy-related abnormalities in a cognitive mechanism related to empathy. These findings highlight brain regions that are hypoactive in psychopathy when explicitly processing another's fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Deming
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 West Johnson St., Madison, WI, United States,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, Wisconsin, United States,Corresponding authors. (P. Deming), (D. Kosson)
| | - Monika Dargis
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 West Johnson St., Madison, WI, United States,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Brian W. Haas
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA, United States,Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Georgia, S150 Paul D. Coverdell Center, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Michael Brook
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St., Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5848 South University Ave., Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Carla Harenski
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Kent A. Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Michael Koenigs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - David S. Kosson
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States,Corresponding authors. (P. Deming), (D. Kosson)
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18
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Parsons TD, Gaggioli A, Riva G. Extended Reality for the Clinical, Affective, and Social Neurosciences. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E922. [PMID: 33265932 PMCID: PMC7761460 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain science research often involves the use of low-dimensional tools and stimuli that lack several of the potentially valuable features of everyday activities and interactions. Although this research has provided important information about cognitive, affective, and social processes for both clinical and nonclinical populations, there is growing interest in high-dimensional simulations that extend reality. These high-dimensional simulations involve dynamic stimuli presented serially or concurrently to permit the assessment and training of perceivers' integrative processes over time. Moreover, high-dimensional simulation platforms can contextually restrain interpretations of cues about a target's internal states. Extended reality environments extend assessment and training platforms that balance experimental control with emotionally engaging background narratives aimed at extending the affective experience and social interactions. Herein, we highlight the promise of extended reality platforms for greater ecological validity in the clinical, affective, and social neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Parsons
- iCenter for Affective Neurotechnologies (iCAN), Denton, TX 76203, USA
- Computational Neuropsychology and Simulation (CNS) Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- College of Information, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Andrea Gaggioli
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (G.R.)
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (G.R.)
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
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19
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Ogawa A, Osada T, Tanaka M, Kamagata K, Aoki S, Konishi S. Connectivity-based localization of human hypothalamic nuclei in functional images of standard voxel size. Neuroimage 2020; 221:117205. [PMID: 32735999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their critical roles in autonomic functions, individual hypothalamic nuclei have not been extensively investigated in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging, partly due to the difficulty in resolving individual nuclei contained in the small structure of the hypothalamus. Areal parcellation analyses enable discrimination of individual hypothalamic nuclei but require a higher spatial resolution, which necessitates long scanning time or large amounts of data to compensate for the low signal-to-noise ratio in 3T or 1.5T scanners. In this study, we present analytic procedures to estimate likely locations of individual nuclei in the standard 2-mm resolution based on our higher resolution dataset. The spatial profiles of functional connectivity with the cerebral cortex for each nucleus in the medial hypothalamus were calculated using our higher resolution dataset. Voxels in the hypothalamus in standard resolution images from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) database that predominantly shared connectivity profiles with the same nucleus were subsequently identified. Voxels representing individual nuclei, as identified with the analytic procedures, were reproducible across 20 HCP datasets of 20 subjects each. Furthermore, the identified voxels were spatially separate. These results suggest that these analytic procedures are capable of refining voxels that represent individual hypothalamic nuclei in standard resolution. Our results highlight the potential utility of these procedures in various settings such as patient studies, where lengthy scans are infeasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Ogawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Liu X, Bautista J, Liu E, Zikopoulos B. Imbalance of laminar-specific excitatory and inhibitory circuits of the orbitofrontal cortex in autism. Mol Autism 2020; 11:83. [PMID: 33081829 PMCID: PMC7574354 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in assessing the emotional significance of events and stimuli, emotion-based learning, allocation of attentional resources, and social cognition. Little is known about the structure, connectivity and excitatory/inhibitory circuit interactions underlying these diverse functions in human OFC, as well as how the circuit is disrupted in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS We used post-mortem brain tissue from neurotypical adults and individuals with ASD. We examined the morphology and distribution of myelinated axons across cortical layers in OFC, at the single axon level, as a proxy of excitatory pathways. In the same regions, we also examined the laminar distribution of all neurons and neurochemically- and functionally-distinct inhibitory neurons that express the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), and calretinin (CR). RESULTS We found that the density of myelinated axons increased consistently towards layer 6, while the average axon diameter did not change significantly across layers in both groups. However, both the density and diameter of myelinated axons were significantly lower in the ASD group compared with the Control group. The distribution pattern and density of the three major types of inhibitory neurons was comparable between groups, but there was a significant reduction in the density of excitatory neurons across OFC layers in ASD. LIMITATIONS This study is limited by the availability of human post-mortem tissue optimally processed for high-resolution microscopy and immunolabeling, especially from individuals with ASD. CONCLUSIONS The balance between excitation and inhibition in OFC is at the core of its function, assessing and integrating emotional and social cues with internal states and external inputs. Our preliminary results provide evidence for laminar-specific changes in the ratio of excitation/inhibition in OFC of adults with ASD, with an overall weakening and likely disorganization of excitatory signals and a relative strengthening of local inhibition. These changes likely underlie pathology of major OFC communications with limbic or other cortices and the amygdala in individuals with ASD, and may provide the anatomic basis for disrupted transmission of signals for social interactions and emotions in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liu
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 401D, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Julied Bautista
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 401D, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Edward Liu
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 401D, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 401D, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. .,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Dono F, Evangelista G, Frazzini V, Vollono C, Carrarini C, Russo M, Ferrante C, Di Stefano V, Marchionno LP, De Angelis MV, Faustino M, Bonanni L, Onofrj M, Sensi SL, Anzellotti F. Interictal Heart Rate Variability Analysis Reveals Lateralization of Cardiac Autonomic Control in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2020; 11:842. [PMID: 32922353 PMCID: PMC7456848 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The temporal lobe, a critical hub for cognition, also plays a central role in the regulation of autonomic cardiovascular functions. Lesions in this area are usually associated with abnormalities in the regulation of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). The analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) is useful to evaluate the cardiac parasympathetic nervous system activity. This study aims at comparing HRV changes occurring in two groups of patients suffering from Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). To that aim, we evaluated patients differentiated by the right or left location of the epileptic foci. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two adult patients with a diagnosis of TLE were enrolled. Each patient underwent a 20-min EEG + EKG recording in resting state. According to the localization of epileptic focus, patients were divided into two subgroups: right TLE (R-TLE) and left TLE (L-TLE). HRV parameters were calculated with a short-lasting analysis of EKG recordings. Time-domain and frequency domain-related, as well as non-linear analysis, parameters, were compared between the two groups. Results: Compared to the R-TLE group, L-TLE subjects showed a significant decrease in low frequency (LF) (p < 0.01) and low frequency/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) (p < 0.001) as well as increased HF values (p < 0.01), a parameter indicative of the presence of an increased cardiac vagal tone. These results were also confirmed in the subgroup analysis that took into account the seizure types, responses to antiepileptic drugs, seizure frequencies, and etiology. Conclusions: The main finding of the study is that, compared to R-TLE, L-TLE is associated with increased cardiac vagal tone. These results indicate that patients with TLE exhibit a lateralized cardiac autonomic control. L-TLE patients may have a lower risk of developing cardiac dysfunctions and less susceptible to develop Sudden Death for Epilepsy (SUDEP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedele Dono
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giacomo Evangelista
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valerio Frazzini
- AP-HP, Epilepsy Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Brain and Spine Institute (INSERM UMRS1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Catello Vollono
- Unit of Neurophysiopathology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, IRCCS Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Carrarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirella Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrante
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Stefano
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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22
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Wells AM, García-Cabezas MÁ, Barbas H. Topological atlas of the hypothalamus in adult rhesus monkey. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1777-1803. [PMID: 32556476 PMCID: PMC7321918 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prosomeric model explains the embryological development of the central nervous system (CNS) shared by all vertebrates as a Bauplan. As a primary event, the early neural plate is patterned by intersecting longitudinal plates and transverse segments, forming a mosaic of progenitor units. The hypothalamus is specified by three prosomeres (hp1, hp2, and the acroterminal domain) of the secondary prosencephalon with corresponding alar and basal plate parts, which develop apart from the diencephalon. Mounting evidence suggests that progenitor units within alar and basal plate parts of hp1 and hp2 give rise to distinct hypothalamic nuclei, which preserve their relative invariant positioning (topology) in the adult brain. Nonetheless, the principles of the prosomeric model have not been applied so far to the hypothalamus of adult primates. We parcellated hypothalamic nuclei in adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) using various stains to view architectonic boundaries. We then analyzed the topological relations of hypothalamic nuclei and adjacent hypothalamic landmarks with homology across rodent and primate species to trace the origin of adult hypothalamic nuclei to the alar or basal plate components of hp1 and hp2. We generated a novel atlas of the hypothalamus of the adult rhesus monkey with developmental ontologies for each hypothalamic nucleus. The result is a systematic reinterpretation of the adult hypothalamus whose prosomeric ontology can be used to study relationships between the hypothalamus and other regions of the CNS. Further, our atlas may serve as a tool to predict causal patterns in physiological and pathological pathways involving the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Wells
- Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Helen Barbas
- Department of Health Sciences, Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Presenting with Second-Degree Type I Sinoatrial Exit Block: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CASE REPORTS 2020; 8:341-347. [PMID: 32851130 PMCID: PMC7447554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of neural regulation of the cardiovascular function and the implications of a "Heart-Brain Axis "has been a topic of interest for clinicians for many years. Electrocardiographic (ECG) and structural cardiac changes, ranging from mild, asymptomatic, transient alteration in cardiovascular function to severe, irreversible, and potentially life-threatening injury, can actually be a manifestation of several neurological disorders. When managing cardiac disorders, a high index of clinical suspicion, detailed history-taking and physical examination skills, and an extensive workup that covers both cardiac and non-cardiac causes should be utilized. It is important to consider that cardiovascular dysfunction of an underlying neurological etiology may lead to difficulty in diagnosing and optimizing treatment of the latter. We report the case of a middle-aged female with the chief complaint of syncope preceded by a headache with no focal neurological deficits, originally diagnosed with- and whose syncope was attributed to sinus bradycardia and type I sinoatrial (SA) exit block on ECG. Subsequently, when the patient became altered, however, computer tomography (CT) angiography revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with middle cerebral artery aneurysm. This presentation emphasizes the importance of tabulating neurological injury as one of the differential diagnoses while managing ECG changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD), as missing and delaying the former can result in disastrous consequences.
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24
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Features of schizophrenia following premorbid eating disorders. Psychiatry Res 2019; 278:275-280. [PMID: 31254876 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders (ED) and schizophrenia are frequently comorbid and schizophrenia shares genetic susceptibility with anorexia. Many factors associated with schizophrenia can disrupt eating, but ED can present years before schizophrenia. If premorbid ED distinguishes a particular subtype of schizophrenia, then phenotypic features may differ between schizophrenia cases with and without premorbid ED. METHOD This secondary analysis used data from an inpatient schizophrenia research study that comprehensively assessed life course psychiatric disorders (DIGS interview), intelligence (WAIS), global assessments of function (GAF) and assessed symptoms during medication-free and fixed dose neuroleptic phases (PANSS). RESULTS Premorbid ED was identified in 27 of the 288 schizophrenia cases (9.4%). This group had more females than the group without premorbid ED (74.1% vs. 30%); premorbid ED was 5-fold more common in female than male cases (χ2 (17.9, P < .0001). Only the premorbid ED group had gustatory hallucinations. They also demonstrated significantly more severe psychotic and disorganization symptoms during medication-free and fixed dose treatment phases, despite similar negative symptoms and GAF scores, as other cases. The premorbid ED group had significantly better cognition overall, but relatively lower nonverbal than verbal intelligence. DISCUSSION Premorbid ED may define a specific subtype of schizophrenia that is common in females. Their more severe psychotic symptoms and better IQ, despite similarly impaired function and negative symptoms as other cases, suggests a distinct pathophysiology. Premorbid ED should be considered in evaluating risk states for schizophrenia, and as a relevant phenotype for treatment resistant schizophrenia.
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25
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Grisendi T, Reynaud O, Clarke S, Da Costa S. Processing pathways for emotional vocalizations. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2487-2504. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Frank DW, Costa VD, Averbeck BB, Sabatinelli D. Directional interconnectivity of the human amygdala, fusiform gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex in emotional scene perception. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:1530-1537. [PMID: 31166811 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00780.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The perception of emotionally arousing scenes modulates neural activity in ventral visual areas via reentrant signals from the amygdala. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) shares dense interconnections with amygdala and has been strongly implicated in emotional stimulus processing in primates, but our understanding of the functional contribution of this region to emotional perception in humans is poorly defined. In this study we acquired targeted rapid functional imaging from lateral OFC, amygdala, and fusiform gyrus (FG) over multiple scanning sessions (resulting in over 1,000 trials per participant) in an effort to define the activation amplitude and directional connectivity among these regions during naturalistic scene perception. All regions of interest showed enhanced activation during emotionally arousing, compared with neutral scenes. In addition, we identified bidirectional connectivity between amygdala, FG, and OFC in the great majority of individual subjects, suggesting that human emotional perception is implemented in part via nonhierarchical causal interactions across these three regions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Due to the practical limitations of noninvasive recording methodologies, there is a scarcity of data regarding the interactions of human amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Using rapid functional MRI sampling and directional connectivity, we found that the human amygdala influences emotional perception via distinct interactions with late-stage ventral visual cortex and OFC, in addition to distinct interactions between OFC and fusiform gyrus. Future efforts may leverage these patterns of directional connectivity to noninvasively distinguish clinical groups from controls with respect to network causal hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Frank
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Vincent D Costa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bruno B Averbeck
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dean Sabatinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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27
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Huber RS, Subramaniam P, Kondo DG, Shi X, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Reduced lateral orbitofrontal cortex volume and suicide behavior in youth with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2019; 21:321-329. [PMID: 30471169 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Structural abnormalities in cortical and subcortical regions, including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), are altered during brain development in adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD), which may increase risk for suicide. Few studies have examined the neural substrates of suicidal behavior in BD youth. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between suicide behavior and the OFC in youth with BD. METHODS Thirty-seven participants with BD and 26 non-psychiatric controls, ages 13-21 years, completed a diagnostic interview and mood rating scales. Lifetime symptoms of suicide ideation and behavior were examined using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a 3T Siemens Verio scanner. Morphometric analysis of brain images was performed using FreeSurfer. RESULTS Eighteen participants with BD had a history of suicide attempt (SA). Bipolar youth with a history of SA showed reduced left lateral OFC volumes compared to controls, but there was no difference between BD attempters and non-attempters. Controls and BD non-attempters had significantly greater OFC cortical thickness than BD attempters. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between OFC volumes and suicide lethality, demonstrating that as suicide lethality increased, OFC volume in BD youth was reduced. CONCLUSIONS The OFC is involved in decision-making, impulsivity, and reward circuitry which have shown to be impaired in BD. Reduced OFC volume and its association with lethality of suicide suggest that suicide behavior in BD may be related to the emerging neuroanatomical substrates of the disorder, particularly abnormalities of the OFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah S Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Punitha Subramaniam
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Douglas G Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xianfeng Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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28
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Whitehead JC, Armony JL. Multivariate fMRI pattern analysis of fear perception across modalities. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:1552-1563. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne C. Whitehead
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute Verdun Quebec Canada
- BRAMS LaboratoryCentre for Research on Brain, Language and Music Montreal Quebec Canada
- Integrated Program in NeuroscienceMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jorge L. Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute Verdun Quebec Canada
- BRAMS LaboratoryCentre for Research on Brain, Language and Music Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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29
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Beul SF, Goulas A, Hilgetag CC. Comprehensive computational modelling of the development of mammalian cortical connectivity underlying an architectonic type principle. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006550. [PMID: 30475798 PMCID: PMC6261046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The architectonic type principle relates patterns of cortico-cortical connectivity to the relative architectonic differentiation of cortical regions. One mechanism through which the observed close relation between cortical architecture and connectivity may be established is the joint development of cortical areas and their connections in developmental time windows. Here, we describe a theoretical exploration of the possible mechanistic underpinnings of the architectonic type principle, by performing systematic computational simulations of cortical development. The main component of our in silico model was a developing two-dimensional cortical sheet, which was gradually populated by neurons that formed cortico-cortical connections. To assess different explanatory mechanisms, we varied the spatiotemporal trajectory of the simulated neurogenesis. By keeping the rules governing axon outgrowth and connection formation constant across all variants of simulated development, we were able to create model variants which differed exclusively by the specifics of when and where neurons were generated. Thus, all differences in the resulting connectivity were due to the variations in spatiotemporal growth trajectories. Our results demonstrated that a prescribed targeting of interareal connection sites was not necessary for obtaining a realistic replication of the experimentally observed relation between connection patterns and architectonic differentiation. Instead, we found that spatiotemporal interactions within the forming cortical sheet were sufficient if a small number of empirically well-grounded assumptions were met, namely planar, expansive growth of the cortical sheet around two points of origin as neurogenesis progressed, stronger architectonic differentiation of cortical areas for later neurogenetic time windows, and stochastic connection formation. Thus, our study highlights a potential mechanism of how relative architectonic differentiation and cortical connectivity become linked during development. We successfully predicted connectivity in two species, cat and macaque, from simulated cortico-cortical connection networks, which further underscored the general applicability of mechanisms through which the architectonic type principle can explain cortical connectivity in terms of the relative architectonic differentiation of cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. Beul
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandros Goulas
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claus C. Hilgetag
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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30
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Measuring Glutamate Levels in the Brains of Fibromyalgia Patients and a Potential Role for Glutamate in the Pathophysiology of Fibromyalgia Symptoms: A Systematic Review. Clin J Pain 2018; 33:944-954. [PMID: 28033157 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature concerning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) measured glutamate levels in specific brain regions of fibromyalgia (FM) patients to determine if there is a correlation between raised glutamate levels and the presentation of FM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The electronic databases-MEDLINE, EMBASE Classic+Embase, PsychINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials-were searched to find original studies that used H-MRS to measure glutamate concentrations in the brains of FM patients. RESULTS Nine studies with a total of 482 participants were selected for inclusion in the review. Seven of the 8 studies that investigated an association between cerebral glutamate levels and FM, showed a positive association. Brain regions identified as having increased glutamate levels include the posterior cingulate gyrus, posterior insula, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. One study reported a decrease in glutamate levels in the hippocampus of FM patients compared with healthy controls. Seven of the 8 studies that analyzed the correlations between cerebral glutamate levels and FM symptoms, found a significant positive correlation. DISCUSSION Although the cause of FM remains inconclusive, there is converging data in favor of a dysregulation of pain processing in the central nervous system of FM patients, particularly associated with an increase in cerebral glutamate levels. Furthermore, there is evidence to support an association between increased glutamate levels and an increase in FM symptoms.
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31
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Wang N, Wu H, Xu M, Yang Y, Chang C, Zeng W, Yan H. Occupational functional plasticity revealed by brain entropy: A resting-state fMRI study of seafarers. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:2997-3004. [PMID: 29676512 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been increasingly used to assess brain function. Brain entropy is an effective model for evaluating the alteration of brain complexity. Specifically, the sample entropy (SampEn) provides a feasible solution for revealing the brain's complexity. Occupation is one key factor affecting the brain's activity, but the neuropsychological mechanisms are still unclear. Thus, in this article, based on fMRI and a brain entropy model, we explored the functional complexity changes engendered by occupation factors, taking the seafarer as an example. The whole-brain entropy values of two groups (i.e., the seafarers and the nonseafarers) were first calculated by SampEn and followed by a two-sample t test with AlphaSim correction (p < .05). We found that the entropy of the orbital-frontal gyrus (OFG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) in the seafarers was significantly higher than that of the nonseafarers. In addition, the entropy of the cerebellum in the seafarers was lower than that of the nonseafarers. We conclude that (1) the lower entropy in the cerebellum implies that the seafarers' cerebellum activity had strong regularity and consistency, suggesting that the seafarer's cerebellum was possibly more specialized by the long-term career training; (2) the higher entropy in the OFG and STG possibly demonstrated that the seafarers had a relatively decreased capability for emotion control and auditory information processing. The above results imply that the seafarer occupation indeed impacted the brain's complexity, and also provided new neuropsychological evidence of functional plasticity related to one's career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizhuan Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Weiming Zeng
- Digital Image and Intelligent computation Laboratory, College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hongjie Yan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222002, China
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32
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Cona G, Laera G, Edelstyn N, Bisiacchi PS. Deficits in prospective memory following damage to the medial subdivision of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. J Neuropsychol 2018; 13:398-416. [PMID: 29604176 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the neurocognitive mechanisms that lead individuals remembering to execute an intention at the right moment (prospective memory, PM) and how such mechanisms are influenced by the features of that intention is a fundamental theoretical challenge. In particular, the functional contribution of subcortical regions to PM is still unknown. This study was aimed at investigating the role of the medial subdivision of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (mMDT) in PM, with particular focus on the processes that are mediated by the projections from/to this structure. We analysed the performance of a patient (OG) with a right-sided lesion involving the mMDT in a series of PM tasks that varied for focality (i.e., overlapping of processes for the PM and ongoing tasks) and emotional valence of the stimuli, comparing the patient's performance with that of a control group. We found that the mMDT damage led to deficits in PM that were modulated by focality and emotional valence. OG indeed showed: a greater cost in the ongoing performance when a non-focal PM task was added; a slowing down in retrieving the intentions, in particular when these were associated with focal PM cues; an abnormal performance in the task with positive PM cues. Our findings provide evidence of a contribution of mMDT to PM and suggest a modulation of prefrontal-dependent strategic monitoring and a possible interaction with the limbic structures in the integration of emotion and PM processes. They also give support to the still controversial idea that connections with the perirhinal cortex mediate familiarity-based recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Cona
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianvito Laera
- School of Psychology, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | | | - Patrizia S Bisiacchi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy
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33
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Hwang JJ, Parikh L, Lacadie C, Seo D, Lam W, Hamza M, Schmidt C, Dai F, Sejling AS, Belfort-DeAguiar R, Constable RT, Sinha R, Sherwin R. Hypoglycemia unawareness in type 1 diabetes suppresses brain responses to hypoglycemia. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1485-1495. [PMID: 29381484 DOI: 10.1172/jci97696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among nondiabetic individuals, mild glucose decrements alter brain activity in regions linked to reward, motivation, and executive control. Whether these effects differ in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with and without hypoglycemia awareness remains unclear. METHODS Forty-two individuals (13 healthy control [HC] subjects, 16 T1DM individuals with hypoglycemia awareness [T1DM-Aware], and 13 T1DM individuals with hypoglycemia unawareness [T1DM-Unaware]) underwent blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI brain imaging during a 2-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic (90 mg/dl)-hypoglycemic (60 mg/dl) clamp for assessment of neural responses to mild hypoglycemia. RESULTS Mild hypoglycemia in HC subjects altered activity in the caudate, insula, prefrontal cortex, and angular gyrus, whereas T1DM-Aware subjects showed no caudate and insula changes, but showed altered activation patterns in the prefrontal cortex and angular gyrus. Most strikingly, in direct contrast to HC and T1DM-Aware subjects, T1DM-Unaware subjects failed to show any hypoglycemia-induced changes in brain activity. These findings were also associated with blunted hormonal counterregulatory responses and hypoglycemia symptom scores during mild hypoglycemia. CONCLUSION In T1DM, and in particular T1DM-Unaware patients, there is a progressive blunting of brain responses in cortico-striatal and fronto-parietal neurocircuits in response to mild-moderate hypoglycemia. These findings have implications for understanding why individuals with impaired hypoglycemia awareness fail to respond appropriately to falling blood glucose levels. FUNDING This study was supported in part by NIH grants R01DK020495, P30 DK045735, K23DK109284, K08AA023545. The Yale Center for Clinical Investigation is supported by an NIH Clinical Translational Science Award (UL1 RR024139).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongju Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Feng Dai
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anne-Sophie Sejling
- Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | | | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Hong JY, Müller-Oehring EM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Kwon D, Schulte T. Aberrant blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal oscillations across frequency bands characterize the alcoholic brain. Addict Biol 2018; 23:824-835. [PMID: 28699704 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcoholism is associated with widespread regional differences from controls in brain activity and connectivity dynamics measured by blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals. Identification of alcoholism-related neurofunctional power dynamics using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that relate to cognition and behavior may serve as biomarkers of alcoholism. Previously, resting-state fMRI studies examined BOLD signals at a single low-frequency (LF) bandwidth. BOLD signals, however, oscillate systematically at different frequencies and are organized in a resting brain where LF oscillation facilitates long-distance communication between regions across cortical regions, whereas high-frequency (HF) oscillation occurs in closely localized, subcortical areas. Using a frequency power quantification approach, we investigated whether the organization of BOLD signal oscillations across all measured frequency bandwidths is altered in alcoholism and relates to cognitive performance. Frequency-dependent oscillation power differences between 56 sober alcoholics and 56 healthy controls occurred for all frequency bands. Alcoholics exhibited greater frequency oscillation power in the orbitofrontal cortex and less power in the posterior insula within the HF bandwidth than controls. Aberrant orbitofrontal HF power was associated with poorer memory performance and slower psychomotor speed in alcoholics. Middle-frequency and LF power proved sensitive in detecting altered frequency oscillation dynamics in parietal and postcentral cortical regions of alcoholics. This study is novel in identifying alcohol-related differences in BOLD oscillation power of the full fMRI frequency bandwidth. Specifically, HF power aberrations were associated with poorer cognitive functioning in alcoholism and may serve as a biomarker for identifying neural targets for repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Hong
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Health Sciences; SRI International; Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Eva M. Müller-Oehring
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Health Sciences; SRI International; Menlo Park CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Health Sciences; SRI International; Menlo Park CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
| | - Dongjin Kwon
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Health Sciences; SRI International; Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Tilman Schulte
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Health Sciences; SRI International; Menlo Park CA USA
- Pacific Graduate School of Psychology; Palo Alto CA USA
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Satpute AB, Kragel PA, Barrett LF, Wager TD, Bianciardi M. Deconstructing arousal into wakeful, autonomic and affective varieties. Neurosci Lett 2018; 693:19-28. [PMID: 29378297 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arousal plays a central role in a wide variety of phenomena, including wakefulness, autonomic function, affect and emotion. Despite its importance, it remains unclear as to how the neural mechanisms for arousal are organized across them. In this article, we review neuroscience findings for three of the most common origins of arousal: wakeful arousal, autonomic arousal, and affective arousal. Our review makes two overarching points. First, research conducted primarily in non-human animals underscores the importance of several subcortical nuclei that contribute to various sources of arousal, motivating the need for an integrative framework. Thus, we outline an integrative neural reference space as a key first step in developing a more systematic understanding of central nervous system contributions to arousal. Second, there is a translational gap between research on non-human animals, which emphasizes subcortical nuclei, and research on humans using non-invasive neuroimaging techniques, which focuses more on gross anatomical characterizations of cortical (e.g. network architectures including the default mode network) and subcortical structures. We forecast the importance of high-field neuroimaging in bridging this gap to examine how the various networks within the neural reference space for arousal operate across varieties of arousal-related phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay B Satpute
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Philip A Kragel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA; The Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA; The Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Marta Bianciardi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sanathara NM, Garau C, Alachkar A, Wang L, Wang Z, Nishimori K, Xu X, Civelli O. Melanin concentrating hormone modulates oxytocin-mediated marble burying. Neuropharmacology 2018; 128:22-32. [PMID: 28888943 PMCID: PMC5830107 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive and perseverative behaviors are common features of a number of neuropsychiatric diseases such as Angelman's syndrome, Tourette's syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. The oxytocin system has been linked to the regulation of repetitive behavior in both animal models and humans, but many of its downstream targets have still to be found. We report that the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system is a target of the oxytocin system in regulating one repetitive behavior, marble burying. First we report that nearly 60% of MCH neurons express oxytocin receptors, and demonstrate using rabies mediated tract tracing that MCH neurons receive direct presynaptic input from oxytocin neurons. Then we show that MCH receptor knockout (MCHR1KO) mice and MCH ablated animals display increased marble burying response while central MCH infusion decreases it. Finally, we demonstrate the downstream role of the MCH system on oxytocin mediated marble burying by showing that central infusions of MCH and oxytocin alone or together reduce it while antagonizing the MCH system blocks oxytocin-mediated reduction of this behavior. Our findings reveal a novel role for the MCH system as a mediator of the role of oxytocin in regulating marble-burying behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayna M Sanathara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Celia Garau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lien Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Olivier Civelli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Grossberg S. Desirability, availability, credit assignment, category learning, and attention: Cognitive-emotional and working memory dynamics of orbitofrontal, ventrolateral, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. Brain Neurosci Adv 2018; 2:2398212818772179. [PMID: 32166139 PMCID: PMC7058233 DOI: 10.1177/2398212818772179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prefrontal cortices play an essential role in cognitive-emotional and working memory processes through interactions with multiple brain regions. METHODS This article further develops a unified neural architecture that explains many recent and classical data about prefrontal function and makes testable predictions. RESULTS Prefrontal properties of desirability, availability, credit assignment, category learning, and feature-based attention are explained. These properties arise through interactions of orbitofrontal, ventrolateral prefrontal, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices with the inferotemporal cortex, perirhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortices; ventral bank of the principal sulcus, ventral prearcuate gyrus, frontal eye fields, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and visual cortical areas V1, V2, V3A, V4, middle temporal cortex, medial superior temporal area, lateral intraparietal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. Model explanations also include how the value of visual objects and events is computed, which objects and events cause desired consequences and which may be ignored as predictively irrelevant, and how to plan and act to realise these consequences, including how to selectively filter expected versus unexpected events, leading to movements towards, and conscious perception of, expected events. Modelled processes include reinforcement learning and incentive motivational learning; object and spatial working memory dynamics; and category learning, including the learning of object categories, value categories, object-value categories, and sequence categories, or list chunks. CONCLUSION This article hereby proposes a unified neural theory of prefrontal cortex and its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Grossberg
- Center for Adaptive Systems, Graduate Program in Cognitive and Neural Systems, Departments of Mathematics & Statistics, Psychological & Brain Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Hrvoj-Mihic B, Hanson KL, Lew CH, Stefanacci L, Jacobs B, Bellugi U, Semendeferi K. Basal Dendritic Morphology of Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in Williams Syndrome: Prefrontal Cortex and Beyond. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:419. [PMID: 28848376 PMCID: PMC5554499 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a unique neurodevelopmental disorder with a specific behavioral and cognitive profile, which includes hyperaffiliative behavior, poor social judgment, and lack of social inhibition. Here we examined the morphology of basal dendrites on pyramidal neurons in the cortex of two rare adult subjects with WS. Specifically, we examined two areas in the prefrontal cortex (PFC)-the frontal pole (Brodmann area 10) and the orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann area 11)-and three areas in the motor, sensory, and visual cortex (BA 4, BA 3-1-2, BA 18). The findings suggest that the morphology of basal dendrites on the pyramidal neurons is altered in the cortex of WS, with differences that were layer-specific, more prominent in PFC areas, and displayed an overall pattern of dendritic organization that differentiates WS from other disorders. In particular, and unlike what was expected based on typically developing brains, basal dendrites in the two PFC areas did not display longer and more branched dendrites compared to motor, sensory and visual areas. Moreover, dendritic branching, dendritic length, and the number of dendritic spines differed little within PFC and between the central executive region (BA 10) and BA 11 that is part of the orbitofrontal region involved into emotional processing. In contrast, the relationship between the degree of neuronal branching in supra- versus infra-granular layers was spared in WS. Although this study utilized tissue held in formalin for a prolonged period of time and the number of neurons available for analysis was limited, our findings indicate that WS cortex, similar to that in other neurodevelopmental disorders such as Down syndrome, Rett syndrome, Fragile X, and idiopathic autism, has altered morphology of basal dendrites on pyramidal neurons, which appears more prominent in selected areas of the PFC. Results were examined from developmental perspectives and discussed in the context of other neurodevelopmental disorders. We have proposed hypotheses for further investigations of morphological changes on basal dendrites in WS, a syndrome of particular interest given its unique social and cognitive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Hrvoj-Mihic
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San DiegoSan Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kari L Hanson
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San DiegoSan Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Caroline H Lew
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San DiegoSan Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lisa Stefanacci
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San DiegoSan Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bob Jacobs
- Neuroscience Program, Colorado CollegeColorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Ursula Bellugi
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, The Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Katerina Semendeferi
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San DiegoSan Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San DiegoSan Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Tahsili-Fahadan P, Geocadin RG. Heart-Brain Axis: Effects of Neurologic Injury on Cardiovascular Function. Circ Res 2017; 120:559-572. [PMID: 28154104 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A complex interaction exists between the nervous and cardiovascular systems. A large network of cortical and subcortical brain regions control cardiovascular function via the sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow. A dysfunction in one system may lead to changes in the function of the other. The effects of cardiovascular disease on the nervous system have been widely studied; however, our understanding of the effects of neurological disorders on the cardiovascular system has only expanded in the past 2 decades. Various pathologies of the nervous system can lead to a wide range of alterations in function and structure of the cardiovascular system ranging from transient and benign electrographic changes to myocardial injury, cardiomyopathy, and even cardiac death. In this article, we first review the anatomy and physiology of the central and autonomic nervous systems in regard to control of the cardiovascular function. The effects of neurological injury on cardiac function and structure will be summarized, and finally, we review neurological disorders commonly associated with cardiovascular manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Tahsili-Fahadan
- From the Neurosciences Critical Care Division, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Romergryko G Geocadin
- From the Neurosciences Critical Care Division, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Hyper-modulation of brain networks by the amygdala among women with Borderline Personality Disorder: Network signatures of affective interference during cognitive processing. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 88:56-63. [PMID: 28086129 PMCID: PMC5362299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is a core characteristic of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and is often attributed to an imbalance in fronto-limbic network function. Hyperarousal of amygdala, especially in response to negative affective stimuli, results in affective interference with cognitive processing of executive functions. Clinical consequences include the impulsive-aggression, suicidal and self-injurious behaviors which characterize BPD. Dysfunctional interactions between amygdala and its network targets have not been well characterized during cognitive task performance. Using psychophysiological interaction analysis (PPI), we mapped network profiles of amygdala interaction with key regulatory regions during a Go No-Go task, modified to use negative, positive and neutral Ekman faces as targets. Fifty-six female subjects, 31 BPD and 25 healthy controls (HC), completed the affectively valenced Go No-Go task during fMRI scanning. In the negative affective condition, the amygdala exerted greater modulation of its targets in BPD compared to HC subjects in Rt. OFC, Rt. dACC, Rt. Parietal cortex, Rt. Basal Ganglia, and Rt. dlPFC. Across the spectrum of affective contrasts, hypermodulation in BPD subjects observed the following ordering: Negative > Neutral > Positive contrast. The amygdala seed exerted modulatory effects on specific target regions important in processing response inhibition and motor impulsiveness. The vulnerability of BPD subjects to affective interference with impulse control may be due to specific network dysfunction related to amygdala hyper-arousal and its effects on prefrontal regulatory regions such as the OFC and dACC.
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General and emotion-specific neural effects of ketamine during emotional memory formation. Neuroimage 2017; 150:308-317. [PMID: 28232170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dependent signalling in limbic and prefrontal regions is critically involved in both cognitive and emotional functions. In humans, ketamine-induced transient, and disorder associated chronic NMDAR hypofunction (i.e. in schizophrenia) has been associated with deficient performance in the domains of memory and higher-order emotional functioning, as well as altered neural activity in the underlying limbic-prefrontal circuits. To model the effects of NMDAR hypofunction on the integration of emotion and cognition the present pharmacological fMRI study applied the NMDAR antagonist ketamine (target plasma level=100ng/ml) to 21 healthy volunteers in a within-subject placebo-controlled crossover design during encoding of neutral, positive and negative pictures. Our results show that irrespective of emotion, ketamine suppressed parahippocampal and medial prefrontal activity. In contrast, ketamine selectively increased amygdala and orbitofrontal activity during successful encoding of negative stimuli. On the network level ketamine generally increased medial prefrontal-parahippocampal coupling while specifically decreasing amygdala-orbitofrontal interplay during encoding of negative stimuli. On the behavioural level, ketamine produced generally decreased memory performance and abolished the emotional enhancement of memory after a wash-out period of 5 days. The present findings suggest that ketamine produces general as well as valence-specific effects during emotional memory formation. The pattern partly overlaps with alterations previously observed in patients with schizophrenia.
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Franklin DJ, Grossberg S. A neural model of normal and abnormal learning and memory consolidation: adaptively timed conditioning, hippocampus, amnesia, neurotrophins, and consciousness. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 17:24-76. [PMID: 27905080 PMCID: PMC5272895 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
How do the hippocampus and amygdala interact with thalamocortical systems to regulate cognitive and cognitive-emotional learning? Why do lesions of thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cortex have differential effects depending on the phase of learning when they occur? In particular, why is the hippocampus typically needed for trace conditioning, but not delay conditioning, and what do the exceptions reveal? Why do amygdala lesions made before or immediately after training decelerate conditioning while those made later do not? Why do thalamic or sensory cortical lesions degrade trace conditioning more than delay conditioning? Why do hippocampal lesions during trace conditioning experiments degrade recent but not temporally remote learning? Why do orbitofrontal cortical lesions degrade temporally remote but not recent or post-lesion learning? How is temporally graded amnesia caused by ablation of prefrontal cortex after memory consolidation? How are attention and consciousness linked during conditioning? How do neurotrophins, notably brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), influence memory formation and consolidation? Is there a common output path for learned performance? A neural model proposes a unified answer to these questions that overcome problems of alternative memory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Franklin
- Center for Adaptive Systems, Graduate Program in Cognitive and Neural Systems, and Departments of Mathematics, Psychological & Brain Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Room 213, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Stephen Grossberg
- Center for Adaptive Systems, Graduate Program in Cognitive and Neural Systems, and Departments of Mathematics, Psychological & Brain Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Room 213, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Ortega-Escobar J, Alcázar-Córcoles MÁ, Puente-Rodríguez L, Peñaranda-Ramos E. Psychopathy: Legal and neuroscientific aspects. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apj.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Ferdek MA, van Rijn CM, Wyczesany M. Depressive rumination and the emotional control circuit: An EEG localization and effective connectivity study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 16:1099-1113. [PMID: 27572661 PMCID: PMC5153413 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ruminations are repetitive thoughts associated with symptoms, causes, and consequences of one's negative feelings. The objective of this study was to explore the neuronal basis of depressive rumination in a non-clinical population within the context of emotional control. Participants scoring high or low on the tendency to ruminate scale took part in the EEG experiment. Their EEG data were collected during a state of induced depressive ruminations and compared with positive and neutral conditions. We hypothesized that both groups would differ according to the level of activation and effective connectivity among the structures involved in the emotional control circuit. Clustering of independent components, together with effective connectivity (Directed Transfer Function), was performed using the EEG signal. The main findings involved decreased activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and increased activation of the left temporal lobe structures in the highly ruminating group. The latter result was most pronounced during the ruminative condition. Decreased information from the left DLPFC to the left temporal lobe structures was also found, leading to the conclusion that hypoactivation of the left DLPFC and its inability to modulate the activation of the left temporal lobe structures is crucial for the ruminative tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Ferdek
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, PL-30060, Ingardena 6, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Clementina M van Rijn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miroslaw Wyczesany
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, PL-30060, Ingardena 6, Krakow, Poland
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Epstein DJ, Legarreta M, Bueler E, King J, McGlade E, Yurgelun‐Todd D. Orbitofrontal cortical thinning and aggression in mild traumatic brain injury patients. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00581. [PMID: 28032004 PMCID: PMC5167002 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) comprises 80% of all TBI, the morphological examination of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in relation to clinical symptoms such as aggression, anxiety and depression in a strictly mTBI sample has never before been performed. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the study was to determine if mTBI patients would show morphological differences in the OFC and if the morphology of this region would relate to clinical symptoms. METHODS Using structural images acquired in a 3T MRI machine, the cortical thickness and cortical volume (corrected for total brain volume) of the OFC was collected for healthy control (N = 27) subjects and chronic mTBI (N = 55) patients at least one year post injury. Also, during clinical interviews, measures quantifying the severity of clinical symptoms, including aggression, anxiety, and depression, were collected. RESULTS MTBI subjects displayed increased aggression, anxiety, and depression, and anxiety and depression measures showed a relationship with the number of mTBI in which the subject lost consciousness. The cortical thickness of the right lateral OFC displayed evidence of thinning in the mTBI group; however, after correction for multiple comparisons, this difference was no longer significant. Clinical measures were not significantly related with OFC morphometry. CONCLUSION This study found increased aggression, anxiety, and depression, in the mTBI group as well as evidence of cortical thinning in the right lateral OFC. The association between clinical symptoms and the number of mTBI with loss of consciousness suggests the number and severity of mTBI may influence clinical symptoms long after injury. Future studies examining other brain regions involved in the production and regulation of affective processes and inclusion of subjects with well-characterized mood disorders could further elucidate the relationship between mTBI, brain morphology, and clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Epstein
- Interdepartmental Program in NeuroscienceUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Cognitive Neuroimaging LaboratorySalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Salt Lake City Rocky Mountain MIRECCSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Margaret Legarreta
- Cognitive Neuroimaging LaboratorySalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Salt Lake City Rocky Mountain MIRECCSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Elliot Bueler
- Cognitive Neuroimaging LaboratorySalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Salt Lake City Rocky Mountain MIRECCSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Jace King
- Interdepartmental Program in NeuroscienceUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Cognitive Neuroimaging LaboratorySalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Erin McGlade
- Cognitive Neuroimaging LaboratorySalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Salt Lake City Rocky Mountain MIRECCSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Deborah Yurgelun‐Todd
- Interdepartmental Program in NeuroscienceUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Cognitive Neuroimaging LaboratorySalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Salt Lake City Rocky Mountain MIRECCSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
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Deng X, Tang CY, Zhang J, Zhu L, Xie ZC, Gong HH, Xiao XZ, Xu RS. The cortical thickness correlates of clinical manifestations in the mid-stage sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:279-289. [PMID: 27721206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The cortical thickness has gained an extensive attention as a pathological alteration of sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD), the alteration of pathological cortical thickness may distinctly contribute to the consistent clinical manifestations. Therefore, we investigated the cortical thickness correlates of clinical manifestations in the mid-stage sPD from the Han population of Chinese mainland (HPCM). A sample of 67 mid-stage sPD patients and 35 matched controls from HPCM were performed a corticometry of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the assessment of clinical manifestations including the demographic and disease-related characteristics, and underwent the final analysis of the cortical thickness correlates with the clinical manifestations. In our result, we demonstrated that no significant differences in the demographic characteristics were found among the two groups. The tests of clinical disease-related characteristics demonstrated that the significant differences in the Hoehn and Yahr scale, the UPDRS Part I-IV, the symptom-dominant side (right/left/double), the tremor subscoree off (e), the tremor subscoref on (f), Webster, MMSE, HDS-R, DF, DB, SVFT, SDS, HAMD17, HAMD 24, CDT, CDR, LEDD and PDSI were observed between the mid-stage sPD patients and the controls. The analysis about the cortical thickness correlates with the clinical manifestations revealed that a significant correlation between UPDRS-I and Frontal-Sup-Orb-R and Rectus-R; DB and Frontal-Sup-Orb-R and Frontal-Inf-Orb-R; SDS and Frontal-Sup-Orb-R, Frontal-Mid-Orb-R, Rectus-R and Cingulum-Ant-R respectively in the mid-stage sPD patients from HPCM. Our data showed that the cortical thinning in the right frontal Orb, rectus and cingulum were the pathological base of some clinical manifestations including the cognitive impairment, hallucinations, psychosis, the depressed mood, the anxious mood, apathy, the sleep problems, the nighttime or/and daytime sleepiness, the short term memory stores and the central execution, as well as the sexual desire disorder in the mid-stage sPD patients, suggesting that the dysfunctions of brain regions of some cortical thinning are closely correlated with some clinical manifestations of the mid-stage sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Chun-Yan Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zun-Chun Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Hong-Han Gong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiang-Zuo Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ren-Shi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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The cortical surface correlates of clinical manifestations in the mid-stage sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:125-133. [PMID: 27651064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The alteration of pathological cortical surface may lead to the corresponding clinical manifestations of sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD). Therefore, we investigated the correlates of cortical surface and clinical manifestations in the mid-stage sPD. Sixty seven mid-stage sPD patients and thirty five matched controls were performed the corticometry of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the assessment of clinical manifestations including the demographic and disease-related characteristics, and underwent the final analysis of the correlates between cortical surface and clinical manifestations. The result revealed a significant correlation between CDT and Frontal-Sup-Orb-L, Frontal-Sup-Medial-L, Frontal-Mid-Orb-L and Rectus-L; SVFT and Frontal-Mid-L and Frontal-Inf-Tri-L; DF and Frontal-Sup-R, Frontal-Mid-R and Frontal-Sup-Medial-R; Webster and Occipital-Mid-R, Angular-R, Temporal-Sup-R and Temporal-Mid-R respectively in the mid-stage sPD patients. Our data suggested that the alterations of cortical surface in the left Frontal-Sup-Orb, Sup-Medial, Mid-Orb, Mid, Inf-Tri and Rectus, the right Frontal-Sup, Mid, Sup-Medial, and Occipital-Mid, Angular, Temporal-Sup and Temporal-Mid were the pathological base of some clinical manifestations including the cognitive impairment, the space structure, memory, attention, the abstract thinking, design, layout, utilization, digital, calculation, the time and spatial orientation concept, the operation sequence recognition and the partial motor dysfunctions in the mid-stage sPD, and that the dysfunctions of these brain regions contributed by the cortical surface lesion were closely correlated with some clinical manifestations of mid-stage sPD.
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Broche-Pérez Y, Herrera Jiménez L, Omar-Martínez E. Bases neurales de la toma de decisiones. Neurologia 2016; 31:319-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Hirose S, Osada T, Ogawa A, Tanaka M, Wada H, Yoshizawa Y, Imai Y, Machida T, Akahane M, Shirouzu I, Konishi S. Lateral-Medial Dissociation in Orbitofrontal Cortex-Hypothalamus Connectivity. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:244. [PMID: 27303281 PMCID: PMC4880561 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in cognitive functions, and is also closely related to autonomic functions. The OFC is densely connected with the hypothalamus, a heterogeneous structure controlling autonomic functions that can be divided into two major parts: the lateral and the medial. Resting-state functional connectivity has allowed us to parcellate the cerebral cortex into putative functional areas based on the changes in the spatial pattern of connectivity in the cerebral cortex when a seed point is moved from one voxel to another. In the present high spatial-resolution fMRI study, we investigate the connectivity-based organization of the OFC with reference to the hypothalamus. The OFC was parcellated using resting-state functional connectivity in an individual subject approach, and then the functional connectivity was examined between the parcellated areas in the OFC and the lateral/medial hypothalamus. We found a functional double dissociation in the OFC: the lateral OFC (the lateral orbital gyrus) was more likely connected with the lateral hypothalamus, whereas the medial OFC (the medial orbital and rectal gyri) was more likely connected with the medial hypothalamus. These results demonstrate the fundamental heterogeneity of the OFC, and suggest a potential neural basis of the OFC–hypothalamic functional interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hirose
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ogawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wada
- Department of Radiology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Imai
- Department of Radiology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Machida
- Department of Radiology, NTT Medical Center TokyoTokyo, Japan; International University of Health and WelfareTokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Akahane
- Department of Radiology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Shirouzu
- Department of Radiology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
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