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Lyons AL, Andries M, Ferstl RM, Greening SG. Suffering more in imagination than in reality? Mental imagery and fear generalization. Behav Brain Res 2024; 472:115146. [PMID: 39009189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Mental imagery may represent a weaker form of perception and, thus, mental images may be more ambiguous than visual percepts. If correct, the acquisition of fear would be less specific for imagined fears in comparison to perceptual fears, perhaps facilitating broader fear generalization. To test this idea, a two-day differential fear conditioning experiment (N = 98) was conducted. On day one, two groups of participants underwent differential fear conditioning such that a specific Gabor patch orientation (CS+) was paired with mild shocks (US) while a second Gabor patch of orthogonal orientation (CS-) was never paired with shock. Critically, one group imagined the Gabor patches and the other group was visually presented the Gabor patches. Next, both groups were presented visual Gabor patches of similar orientations (GCS) to the CS+. On day two, to assess the persistence of imagined fear, participants returned to the lab and were tested on the GCS devoid of shock. For day one, in contrast to our primary hypothesis, both self-report and skin conductance response measures did not show a significant interaction between the GCS and groups. On day two, both measures demonstrated a persistence of imagined fear, without US delivery. Taken together, rather than demonstrating an overgeneralization effect, the results from this study suggest that imagery-based fear conditioning generalizes to a similar extent as perceptually acquired fear conditioning. Further, the persistence of imagery-based fear may have unique extinction qualities in comparison to perceptual-based fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Lyons
- Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Dept. of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - McKenzie Andries
- Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Dept. of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ryan M Ferstl
- Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Dept. of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Steven G Greening
- Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Dept. of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Canada.
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2
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Kroczek LOH, Lingnau A, Schwind V, Wolff C, Mühlberger A. Observers predict actions from facial emotional expressions during real-time social interactions. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115126. [PMID: 38950784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In face-to-face social interactions, emotional expressions provide insights into the mental state of an interactive partner. This information can be crucial to infer action intentions and react towards another person's actions. Here we investigate how facial emotional expressions impact subjective experience and physiological and behavioral responses to social actions during real-time interactions. Thirty-two participants interacted with virtual agents while fully immersed in Virtual Reality. Agents displayed an angry or happy facial expression before they directed an appetitive (fist bump) or aversive (punch) social action towards the participant. Participants responded to these actions, either by reciprocating the fist bump or by defending the punch. For all interactions, subjective experience was measured using ratings. In addition, physiological responses (electrodermal activity, electrocardiogram) and participants' response times were recorded. Aversive actions were judged to be more arousing and less pleasant relative to appetitive actions. In addition, angry expressions increased heart rate relative to happy expressions. Crucially, interaction effects between facial emotional expression and action were observed. Angry expressions reduced pleasantness stronger for appetitive compared to aversive actions. Furthermore, skin conductance responses to aversive actions were increased for happy compared to angry expressions and reaction times were faster to aversive compared to appetitive actions when agents showed an angry expression. These results indicate that observers used facial emotional expression to generate expectations for particular actions. Consequently, the present study demonstrates that observers integrate information from facial emotional expressions with actions during social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon O H Kroczek
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Angelika Lingnau
- Department of Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schwind
- Human Computer Interaction, University of Applied Sciences in Frankfurt a. M., Frankfurt a. M, Germany; Department of Media Informatics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wolff
- Department of Media Informatics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mühlberger
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Genheimer H, Pauli P, Andreatta M. Elemental and configural representation of a conditioned context. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115119. [PMID: 38906481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
A context can be conceptualized as a stable arrangement of elements or as the sum of single elements. Both configural and elemental representations play a role in associative processes. This study aimed to explore the respective contributions of these two representations of a context in the acquisition of conditioned anxiety in humans. Virtual reality (VR) can be an ecologically valid tool to investigate context-related mechanisms, yet the influence of the sense of presence within the virtual environment remains unclear. Forty-eight healthy individuals participated in a VR-based context conditioning wherein electric shocks (unconditioned stimulus, US) were unpredictably delivered in one virtual office (CTX+), but not in the other (CTX-). During the test phase, nine elements from each context were presented singularly. We found a cluster of participants, who exhibited heightened anticipation of the US for anxiety-related elements as compared to the other group. In contrast to their clear elemental representation, these individuals showed diminished discriminative responses between the two context's configurations. Discriminative responses to the contexts were boosted in those individuals, who had a weaker elemental representation. Importantly, the individual sense of presence significantly influenced the conditioned responses. These findings align with the dual-representation view of context and provide insights into the role of presence in eliciting (conditioned) anxiety responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Genheimer
- Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany; Center of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marta Andreatta
- General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.
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Takahashi R, Shibuya Y, Tsuneoka M, Ogawa T. Area measure of skin conductance in the Concealed Information Test. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 202:112375. [PMID: 38838853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Skin conductance (SC) is one of the indices commonly used in the autonomic Concealed Information Test (CIT), but SC amplitude is sometimes difficult to quantify. This study investigated the applicability of SC area to the CIT as an unambiguous measure of SC. Secondary analyses of an existing dataset indicated that SC area could be used to classify examinees according to their knowledge status, although the equivalence of its performance with the SC amplitude was inconclusive. Classification performance was best when the SC signal was converted to the difference from question onset and summed over 10 s after question onset. SC area produced relatively consistent evaluations of differential responses based on the amplitude for inter-item comparisons. In addition, the classification performance of SC area exceeded the chance level even for participants who showed few measurable amplitudes (low-responsive participants). A possible implication is that a tonic increase in SC occurred in response to the relevant question even in low-responsive participants, who are traditionally excluded from analysis. The use of SC area might contribute to more impartial data evaluation and broader application of the CIT. These results indicate that SC area can be used as an alternative measure of SC in the CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reo Takahashi
- First Information Science Section, National Research Institute of Police Science, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Shibuya
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Tottori Prefectural Police Headquarters, Japan
| | - Michiko Tsuneoka
- First Information Science Section, National Research Institute of Police Science, Japan
| | - Tokihiro Ogawa
- First Information Science Section, National Research Institute of Police Science, Japan
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Mercado-Diaz LR, Veeranki YR, Marmolejo-Ramos F, Posada-Quintero HF. EDA-Graph: Graph Signal Processing of Electrodermal Activity for Emotional States Detection. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2024; 28:4599-4612. [PMID: 38801681 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2024.3405491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The continuous detection of emotional states has many applications in mental health, marketing, human-computer interaction, and assistive robotics. Electrodermal activity (EDA), a signal modulated by sympathetic nervous system activity, provides continuous insight into emotional states. However, EDA possesses intricate nonstationary and nonlinear characteristics, making the extraction of emotion-relevant information challenging. We propose a novel graph signal processing (GSP) approach to model EDA signals as graphical networks, termed EDA-graph. The GSP leverages graph theory concepts to capture complex relationships in time-series data. To test the usefulness of EDA-graphs to detect emotions, we processed EDA recordings from the CASE emotion dataset using GSP by quantizing and linking values based on the Euclidean distance between the nearest neighbors. From these EDA-graphs, we computed the features of graph analysis, including total load centrality (TLC), total harmonic centrality (THC), number of cliques (GNC), diameter, and graph radius, and compared those features with features obtained using traditional EDA processing techniques. EDA-graph features encompassing TLC, THC, GNC, diameter, and radius demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.05) between five emotional states (Neutral, Amused, Bored, Relaxed, and Scared). Using machine learning models for classifying emotional states evaluated using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, we achieved a five-class F1 score of up to 0.68.
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Wong AHK, Pittig A, Engelhard IM. The generalization of threat beliefs to novel safety stimuli induced by safety behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2024; 470:115078. [PMID: 38825020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Safety behaviors are responses that can reduce or even prevent an expected threat. Moreover, empirical studies have shown that using safety behaviors to a learnt safety stimulus can induce threat beliefs to it. No research so far has examined whether threat beliefs induced this way generalize to other novel stimuli related to the safety stimulus. Using a fear and avoidance conditioning model, the current study (n=116) examined whether threat beliefs induced by safety behaviors generalize to other novel generalization stimuli (GSs). Participants first acquired safety behaviors to a threat predicting conditioned stimulus (CSthreat). Safety behaviors could then be performed in response to one safe stimulus (CSsafeShift) but not to another (CSsafe). In a following generalization test, participants showed a significant but small increase in threat expectancies to GSs related to CSsafeShift compared to GSs related to CSsafe. Interestingly, the degree of safety behaviors used to the CSsafeShift predicted the subsequent increase in generalized threat expectancies, and this link was elevated in trait anxious individuals. The findings suggest that threat beliefs induced by unnecessary safety behaviors generalize to other related stimuli. This study provides a potential explanation for the root of threat belief acquisition to a wide range of stimuli or situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H K Wong
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam 3062 PA, the Netherlands.
| | - Andre Pittig
- Translational Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Kurze-Geismar-Straße 1, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Iris M Engelhard
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, Utrecht 3508 TC, the Netherlands
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Fici A, Bilucaglia M, Casiraghi C, Rossi C, Chiarelli S, Columbano M, Micheletto V, Zito M, Russo V. From E-Commerce to the Metaverse: A Neuroscientific Analysis of Digital Consumer Behavior. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:596. [PMID: 39062419 PMCID: PMC11274220 DOI: 10.3390/bs14070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in consumer behavior in the digital environment is leading scholars and companies to focus on consumer behavior and choices on digital platforms, such as the metaverse. On this immersive digital shopping platform, consumer neuroscience provides an optimal opportunity to explore consumers' emotions and cognitions. In this study, neuroscience techniques (EEG, SC, BVP) were used to compare emotional and cognitive aspects of shopping between metaverse and traditional e-commerce platforms. Participants were asked to purchase the same product once on a metaverse platform (Second Life, SL) and once via an e-commerce website (EC). After each task, questionnaires were administered to measure perceived enjoyment, informativeness, ease of use, cognitive effort, and flow. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine differences between SL and EC at the neurophysiological and self-report levels, as well as between different stages of the purchase process. The results show that SL elicits greater cognitive engagement than EC, but it is also more mentally demanding, with a higher workload and more memorization, and fails to elicit a strong positive emotional response, leading to a poorer shopping experience. These findings provide insights not only for digital-related consumer research but also for companies to improve their metaverse shopping experience. Before investing in the platform or creating a digital retail space, companies should thoroughly analyze it, focusing on how to enhance users' cognition and emotions, ultimately promoting a better consumer experience. Despite its limitations, this pilot study sheds light on the emotional and cognitive aspects of metaverse shopping and suggests potential for further research with a consumer neuroscience approach in the metaverse field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fici
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (M.Z.); (V.R.)
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM—Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bilucaglia
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (M.Z.); (V.R.)
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM—Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Casiraghi
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (M.Z.); (V.R.)
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM—Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Rossi
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (M.Z.); (V.R.)
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM—Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Chiarelli
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (M.Z.); (V.R.)
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM—Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Columbano
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (M.Z.); (V.R.)
| | - Valeria Micheletto
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (M.Z.); (V.R.)
| | - Margherita Zito
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (M.Z.); (V.R.)
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM—Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour “Carlo A. Ricciardi”, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (M.Z.); (V.R.)
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM—Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
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Ma Y, Jiao F, Batsikadze G, Yavari F, Nitsche MA. The impact of the left inferior frontal gyrus on fear extinction: A transcranial direct current stimulation study. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:816-825. [PMID: 38997105 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fear extinction is a fundamental component of exposure-based therapies for anxiety-related disorders. The renewal of fear in a different context after extinction highlights the importance of contextual factors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal role of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LiFG) in the context-dependency of fear extinction learning via administration of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over this area. METHODS 180 healthy subjects were assigned to 9 groups: 3 tDCS conditions (anodal, cathodal, and sham) × 3 context combinations (AAA, ABA, and ABB). The fear conditioning/extinction task was conducted over three consecutive days: acquisition, extinction learning, and extinction recall. tDCS (2 mA, 10min) was administered during the extinction learning phase over the LiFG via a 4-electrode montage. Skin conductance response (SCR) data and self-report assessments were collected. RESULTS During the extinction learning phase, groups with excitability-enhancing anodal tDCS showed a significantly higher fear response to the threat cues compared to cathodal and sham stimulation conditions, irrespective of contextual factors. This effect was stable until the extinction recall phase. Additionally, excitability-reducing cathodal tDCS caused a significant decrease of the response difference between the threat and safety cues during the extinction recall phase. The self-report assessments showed no significant differences between the conditions throughout the experiment. CONCLUSION Independent of the context, excitability enhancement of the LiFG did impair fear extinction, and led to preservation of fear memory. In contrast, excitability reduction of this area enhanced fear extinction retention. These findings imply that the LiFG plays a role in the fear extinction network, which seems to be however context-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Ma
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fujia Jiao
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Giorgi Batsikadze
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Yavari
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Bielefeld University, University Hospital OWL, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Bochum, Germany.
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Hauck A, Michael T, Issler TC, Klein S, Lass-Hennemann J, Ferreira de Sá DS. Can glucose facilitate fear exposure? Randomized, placebo-controlled trials on the effects of glucose administration on fear extinction processes. Behav Res Ther 2024; 178:104553. [PMID: 38728832 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that glucose has beneficial effects on memory function and can enhance contextual fear learning. To derive potential therapeutic interventions, further research is needed regarding the effects of glucose on fear extinction. In two experimental studies with healthy participants (Study 1: N = 68, 39 females; Study 2: N = 89, 67 females), we investigated the effects of glucose on fear extinction learning and its consolidation. Participants completed a differential fear conditioning paradigm consisting of acquisition, extinction, and return of fear tests: reinstatement, and extinction recall. US-expectancy ratings, skin conductance response (SCR), and fear potentiated startle (FPS) were collected. Participants were pseudorandomized and double-blinded to one of two groups: They received either a drink containing glucose or saccharine 20 min before (Study 1) or immediately after extinction (Study 2). The glucose group showed a significantly stronger decrease in differential FPS during extinction (Study 1) and extinction recall (Study 2). Additionally, the glucose group showed a significantly lower contextual anxiety at test of reinstatement (Study 2). Our findings provide first evidence that glucose supports the process of fear extinction, and in particular the consolidation of fear extinction memory, and thus has potential as a beneficial adjuvant to extinction-based treatments. Registered through the German Clinical Trials Registry (https://www.bfarm.de/EN/BfArM/Tasks/German-Clinical-Trials-Register/_node.html; Study 1: DRKS00010550; Study 2: DRKS00018933).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hauck
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tanja Michael
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias C Issler
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Steven Klein
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johanna Lass-Hennemann
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Diana S Ferreira de Sá
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Kesim IE, Pittig A, Wong AHK. The effect of typicality training on costly safety behavior generalization. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:1771-1782. [PMID: 38822864 PMCID: PMC11281986 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-01979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Typicality asymmetry in generalization refers to enhanced fear generalization when trained with typical compared to atypical exemplars. Typical exemplars are highly representative of their category, whereas atypical exemplars are less representative. Individual risk factors, such as trait anxiety, attenuate this effect, due to the high level of threat ambiguity of atypical exemplars. Although recent research provided evidence for generalization of safety behavior, it is unclear whether this generalization also follows typicality asymmetry. This study examined (1) whether participants exhibited typicality asymmetry in the generalization of safety behavior and (2) whether this effect would be attenuated by individual risk factors, such as intolerance of uncertainty and trait anxiety. METHODS Participants were trained with either typical (Typical group, n = 53) or atypical (Atypical group, n = 55) exemplars in a fear and avoidance conditioning procedure. Participants acquired differential conditioned fear and costly safety behavior to the threat- and safety-related exemplars. In a following Generalization Test, the degree of safety behavior to novel exemplars of the same categories was tested. RESULTS The Atypical group showed greater differential safety behavior responses compared to the Typical group. Higher trait anxiety was associated with lower differential safety behavior generalization, driven by an increase in generalized responding to novel safety-related exemplars. LIMITATIONS This study used hypothetical cost instead of real cost. CONCLUSIONS Training with atypical exemplars led to greater safety behavior generalization. Moreover, individuals with high trait anxiety show impaired safety behavior generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işık E Kesim
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Pittig
- Translational Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Kurze-Geismar-Straße 1, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alex H K Wong
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands.
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11
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Battaglia S, Nazzi C, Fullana MA, di Pellegrino G, Borgomaneri S. 'Nip it in the bud': Low-frequency rTMS of the prefrontal cortex disrupts threat memory consolidation in humans. Behav Res Ther 2024; 178:104548. [PMID: 38704974 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
It is still unclear how the human brain consolidates aversive (e.g., traumatic) memories and whether this process can be disrupted. We hypothesized that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is crucially involved in threat memory consolidation. To test this, we used low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) within the memory stabilization time window to disrupt the expression of threat memory. We combined a differential threat-conditioning paradigm with LF-rTMS targeting the dlPFC in the critical condition, and occipital cortex stimulation, delayed dlPFC stimulation, and sham stimulation as control conditions. In the critical condition, defensive reactions to threat were reduced immediately after brain stimulation, and 1 h and 24 h later. In stark contrast, no decrease was observed in the control conditions, thus showing both the anatomical and temporal specificity of our intervention. We provide causal evidence that selectively targeting the dlPFC within the early consolidation period prevents the persistence and return of conditioned responses. Furthermore, memory disruption lasted longer than the inhibitory window created by our TMS protocol, which suggests that we influenced dlPFC neural activity and hampered the underlying, time-dependent consolidation process. These results provide important insights for future clinical applications aimed at interfering with the consolidation of aversive, threat-related memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battaglia
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy.
| | - Claudio Nazzi
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Miquel A Fullana
- Adult Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe di Pellegrino
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy.
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Alcan E, Benke C, Melzig CA. A threat from within: Learning to fear by observing aversive bodily symptoms in others. Behav Res Ther 2024; 178:104555. [PMID: 38718630 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Although observational fear learning has been implicated in the development of phobic-related fears, studies investigating observational learning of fear of bodily symptoms remain scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether fear in response to bodily symptoms can be acquired simply by observing a fearful reaction to provocation of aversive bodily symptoms in others. Forty healthy participants underwent an observational fear conditioning paradigm consisting of two phases. In the first phase, participants observed a demonstrator reacting to an aversive bodily symptom provocation (unconditioned stimulus or US, i.e., labored breathing) paired with one conditioned stimulus (CS+) but not with the other one (CS-, both CSs were geometric symbols presented on a screen the demonstrator was watching). In the second phase, participants were directly presented with the same conditioned stimuli, but in the absence of the US. Our results revealed enhanced conditioned fear responses in the beginning of the second phase to the CS + as compared to CS-, as indexed by greater skin conductance and subjective fear responses, as well as greater potentiation of startle eyeblink responses to the CS + as compared to the ITI. Taken together, these findings implicate that fear of bodily symptoms can be learned through observation of others, that is, without first-hand experience of bodily threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Alcan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Benke
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Melzig
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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13
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Battaglia S, Nazzi C, Lonsdorf TB, Thayer JF. Neuropsychobiology of fear-induced bradycardia in humans: progress and pitfalls. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02600-x. [PMID: 38862673 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
In the last century, the paradigm of fear conditioning has greatly evolved in a variety of scientific fields. The techniques, protocols, and analysis methods now most used have undergone a progressive development, theoretical and technological, improving the quality of scientific productions. Fear-induced bradycardia is among these techniques and represents the temporary deceleration of heart beats in response to negative outcomes. However, it has often been used as a secondary measure to assess defensive responding to threat, along other more popular techniques. In this review, we aim at paving the road for its employment as an additional tool in fear conditioning experiments in humans. After an overview of the studies carried out throughout the last century, we describe more recent evidence up to the most contemporary research insights. Lastly, we provide some guidelines concerning the best practices to adopt in human fear conditioning studies which aim to investigate fear-induced bradycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battaglia
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Nazzi
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tina B Lonsdorf
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Section for Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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14
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Jaltare KP, Manresa JB, Niwa S, Torta DM. Verbal Support From a Stranger Reduces the Development of Mechanical Hypersensitivity: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Evidence. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024:104599. [PMID: 38866120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Hand-holding reduces experimentally induced acute pain and buffers against the development of mechanical secondary hypersensitivity, an indirect proxy of central sensitization. Here, we tested if verbal support from a stranger, a common occurrence in clinical contexts, exerts the same effects. In this preregistered study, 44 healthy female participants were assigned to an alone or support group whereby a supportive female stranger encouraged them through the painful procedure leading to secondary mechanical hypersensitivity. Mechanical hypersensitivity was measured via self-reports and by the size of the anteroposterior and mediolateral spread of mechanical hypersensitivity. We investigated the moderating role of attachment style on self-reports and the effects of support on skin conductance level, salivary cortisol, and pinprick-evoked potentials. We also tested whether theta/beta ratio in the resting-state electroencephalogram predicted mechanical hypersensitivity. Self-reported ratings and the late part of the pinprick-evoked potentials were reduced in the support group, but the spread of mechanical hypersensitivity was not. Attachment anxiety and avoidance moderated the self-reported intensity such that individuals with higher attachment anxiety and avoidance scores reported lower intensity ratings in the support group. No significant effect of the verbal support was observed on skin conductance level and salivary cortisol. The theta/beta ratio did not predict the extent of hypersensitivity. Our data indicate that, in women, verbal support during intense pain leading to hypersensitivity is effective on some behavioral outcomes, but altogether the lack of group differences in cortisol, self-reported stress, and skin conductance does not provide strong support for the stress-buffering hypothesis. PERSPECTIVE: Verbal support by a stranger during a painful procedure leading to secondary mechanical hypersensitivity attenuated the development of some measures of mechanical hypersensitivity and associated neural responses in healthy female participants. No evidence was found for the role of stress. DATA AVAILABILITY: The authors will make all data available upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Prafull Jaltare
- Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - José Biurrun Manresa
- Institute for Research and Development in Bioengineering and Bioinformatics (IBB-CONICET-UNER), Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - Saya Niwa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Diana M Torta
- Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Davidoff H, Van Kraaij A, Van den Bulcke L, Lutin E, Vandenbulcke M, Van Helleputte N, De Vos M, Van Hoof C, Van Den Bossche M. Physiological Profiling of Agitation in Dementia: Insights From Wearable Sensor Data. Innov Aging 2024; 8:igae057. [PMID: 38974775 PMCID: PMC11227003 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The number of people with dementia is expected to triple to 152 million in 2050, with 90% having accompanying behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD). Agitation is among the most critical BPSD and can lead to decreased quality of life for people with dementia and their caregivers. This study aims to explore objective quantification of agitation in people with dementia by analyzing the relationships between physiological and movement data from wearables and observational measures of agitation. Research Design and Methods The data presented here is from 30 people with dementia, each included for 1 week, collected following our previously published multimodal data collection protocol. This observational protocol has a cross-sectional repeated measures design, encompassing data from both wearable and fixed sensors. Generalized linear mixed models were used to quantify the relationship between data from different wearable sensor modalities and agitation, as well as motor and verbal agitation specifically. Results Several features from wearable data are significantly associated with agitation, at least the p < .05 level (absolute β: 0.224-0.753). Additionally, different features are informative depending on the agitation type or the patient the data were collected from. Adding context with key confounding variables (time of day, movement, and temperature) allows for a clearer interpretation of feature differences when a person with dementia is agitated. Discussion and Implications The features shown to be significantly different, across the study population, suggest possible autonomic nervous system activation when agitated. Differences when splitting the data by agitation type point toward a need for future detection models to tailor to the primary type of agitation expressed. Finally, patient-specific differences in features indicate a need for patient- or group-level model personalization. The findings reported in this study both reinforce and add to the fundamental understanding of and can be used to drive the objective quantification of agitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Davidoff
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Imec, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Laura Van den Bulcke
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neuropsychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neuropsychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Maarten De Vos
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Hoof
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- OnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Van Den Bossche
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neuropsychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Miron G, Halimeh M, Jeppesen J, Loddenkemper T, Meisel C. Autonomic biosignals, seizure detection, and forecasting. Epilepsia 2024. [PMID: 38837428 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices have attracted significant attention in epilepsy research in recent years for their potential to enhance patient care through improved seizure monitoring and forecasting. This narrative review presents a detailed overview of the current clinical state of the art while addressing how devices that assess autonomic nervous system (ANS) function reflect seizures and central nervous system (CNS) state changes. This includes a description of the interactions between the CNS and the ANS, including physiological and epilepsy-related changes affecting their dynamics. We first discuss technical aspects of measuring autonomic biosignals and considerations for using ANS sensors in clinical practice. We then review recent seizure detection and seizure forecasting studies, highlighting their performance and capability for seizure detection and forecasting using devices measuring ANS biomarkers. Finally, we address the field's challenges and provide an outlook for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Miron
- Computational Neurology, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mustafa Halimeh
- Computational Neurology, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesper Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tobias Loddenkemper
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Meisel
- Computational Neurology, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Schürer NY, Symanzik C, Kukshausen O, Stürmer R. Correlation of non-invasive psycho-physiological and skin-physiological measures. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13745. [PMID: 38853249 PMCID: PMC11162891 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychological stress alters epidermal barrier function. While intensive studies on the underlying mechanism have been performed in mice, human studies are limited. Non-invasive skin-physiology measures have not yet been directly linked to non-invasive psycho-physiological assessments. METHODS Standard measures of (I) transepidermal water loss prior to and after experimental barrier perturbation via tape stripping, (II) skin surface pH, (III) electrodermal activity, and (IV) heart rate function were taken over a 24 h time period. To document perceived stress, a standardized stress self-assessment questionnaire, namely the Trierer Inventar zum chronischen Stress (TICS), was utilized. RESULTS Twenty healthy, Caucasian (Fitzpatrick skin phototype I-II), female volunteers (21-32 years, mean age 27, SD = 3.67 years) were included in this study (random sample). Significant correlations were shown for 24 h delta transepidermal water loss changes, that is, barrier repair kinetics (sympathetic activity) and heart rate variability (parasympathetic activity). Further correlations were noted for electrodermal activity and skin surface pH. Perceived stress, as documented by the TICS questionnaire, did not correlate with psycho- and skin physiological parameters, respectively. CONCLUSION The presented approaches may provide a basis for non-invasive objective research on the correlation between psychological stressors and epidermal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Y. Schürer
- Department of DermatologyEnvironmental Medicine and Health TheoryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Cara Symanzik
- Department of DermatologyEnvironmental Medicine and Health TheoryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Olga Kukshausen
- Department of DermatologyEnvironmental Medicine and Health TheoryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Ralf Stürmer
- Psyrecon Research & Consulting Institute for Applied Psychophysiological ResearchWuppertalGermany
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18
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Webb EK, Carter SE, Ressler KJ, Fani N, Harnett NG. The neurophysiological consequences of racism-related stressors in Black Americans. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105638. [PMID: 38522814 PMCID: PMC11081835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Racism-related stressors, from experiences of both implicit and explicit racial discrimination to systemic socioeconomic disadvantage, have a cumulative impact on Black Americans' health. The present narrative review synthesizes peripheral (neuroendocrine and inflammation markers), psychophysiological (heart-rate variability, skin conductance), and neuroimaging (structural and functional) findings that demonstrate unique associations with racism-related stress. Emerging evidence reveals how racism-related stressors contribute to differential physiological and neural responses and may have distinct impacts on regions involved with threat and social processing. Ultimately, the neurophysiological effects of racism-related stress may confer biological susceptibility to stress and trauma-related disorders. We note critical gaps in the literature on the neurophysiological impact of racism-related stress and outline additional research that is needed on the multifactorial interactions between racism and mental health. A clearer understanding of the interactions between racism-related stress, neurophysiology, and stress- and trauma-related disorders is critical for preventative efforts, biomarker discovery, and selection of effective clinical treatments for Black Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kate Webb
- McLean Hospital, Division of Depression and Anxiety, Belmont, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sierra E Carter
- Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- McLean Hospital, Division of Depression and Anxiety, Belmont, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nathaniel G Harnett
- McLean Hospital, Division of Depression and Anxiety, Belmont, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Luo RH, Su F, Zhao XY, Cao TH, Liao J, Xue YX, Huang GD, Yang JL. Impairment in acquisition of conditioned fear in people with depressive symptoms. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1384053. [PMID: 38863669 PMCID: PMC11166000 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1384053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is one of the primary global public health issues, and there has been a dramatic increase in depression levels among young people over the past decade. The neuroplasticity theory of depression postulates that a malfunction in neural plasticity, which is responsible for learning, memory, and adaptive behavior, is the primary source of the disorder's clinical manifestations. Nevertheless, the impact of depression symptoms on associative learning remains underexplored. Methods We used the differential fear conditioning paradigm to investigate the effects of depressive symptoms on fear acquisition and extinction learning. Skin conductance response (SCR) is an objective evaluation indicator, and ratings of nervousness, likeability, and unconditioned stimuli (US) expectancy are subjective evaluation indicators. In addition, we used associability generated by a computational reinforcement learning model to characterize the skin conductance response. Results The findings indicate that individuals with depressive symptoms exhibited significant impairment in fear acquisition learning compared to those without depressive symptoms based on the results of the skin conductance response. Moreover, in the discrimination fear learning task, the skin conductance response was positively correlated with associability, as estimated by the hybrid model in the group without depressive symptoms. Additionally, the likeability rating scores improved post-extinction learning in the group without depressive symptoms, and no such increase was observed in the group with depressive symptoms. Conclusion The study highlights that individuals with pronounced depressive symptoms exhibit impaired fear acquisition and extinction learning, suggesting a possible deficit in associative learning. Employing the hybrid model to analyze the learning process offers a deeper insight into the associative learning processes of humans, thus allowing for improved comprehension and treatment of these mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Han Luo
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Su
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian-Hui Cao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Geng-Di Huang
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Li Yang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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20
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Yu X, Lu J, Liu W, Cheng Z, Xiao G. Exploring physiological stress response evoked by passive translational acceleration in healthy adults: a pilot study utilizing electrodermal activity and heart rate variability measurements. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11349. [PMID: 38762532 PMCID: PMC11102551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Passive translational acceleration (PTA) has been demonstrated to induce the stress response and regulation of autonomic balance in healthy individuals. Electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements are reliable indicators of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and can be used to assess stress levels. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of combining EDA and HRV measurements in assessing the physiological stress response induced by PTA. Fourteen healthy subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of equal size. The experimental group underwent five trials of elevator rides, while the control group received a sham treatment. EDA and HRV indices were obtained via ultra-short-term analysis and compared between the two groups to track changes in the ANS. In addition, the complexity of the EDA time series was compared between the 4 s before and the 2-6 s after the onset of PTA to assess changes in the subjects' stress levels in the experimental group. The results revealed a significant increase in the skin conductance response (SCR) frequency and a decrease in the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and high frequency (HF) components of HRV. In terms of stress assessment, the results showed an increase in the complexity of the EDA time series 2-6 s after the onset of PTA. These results indicate an elevation in sympathetic tone when healthy subjects were exposed to a translational transport scenario. Furthermore, evidence was provided for the ability of EDA complexity to differentiate stress states in individual trials of translational acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Yu
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - JiaWei Lu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Xizi Elevator Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenbo Cheng
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Mishra PK, Rašticová M. Role and Status of Biomarkers in Technostress Research: A Systematic Review. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1961-1972. [PMID: 38751567 PMCID: PMC11094740 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s446782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The revolution in technology has impacted the work and personal lives of human beings greatly. While it has introduced the mankind to a more comfortable life, it has brought in the stress too in the form of technostress, the situation where a person fails to cope up with the ever-advancing technology and experiences stress symptoms. The increasing intensity of technostress calls for more research on technostress diving deeper into the causes and coping mechanisms. However, technostress research requires successful and reliable assessment of stress. It has been observed in recent years that biomarkers such as cortisol and salivary alpha amylase are reliable indicators of stress. There are several reports where the researchers have used questionnaires and surveys to assess the technostress, but the number of studies using biomarkers for technostress assessment is limited. It has been established that biomarker assessment is an important complement to the surveys to study the technostress. Here, we summarize the important studies done on technostress using the biomarkers along with the rationale of using these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Mishra
- Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martina Rašticová
- Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
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22
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de Vries S, van Oost F, Smaling H, de Knegt N, Cluitmans P, Smits R, Meinders E. Real-time stress detection based on artificial intelligence for people with an intellectual disability. Assist Technol 2024; 36:232-240. [PMID: 37751530 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2023.2261045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
People with severe intellectual disabilities (ID) could have difficulty expressing their stress which may complicate timely responses from caregivers. The present study proposes an automatic stress detection system that can work in real-time. The system uses wearable sensors that record physiological signals in combination with machine learning to detect physiological changes related to stress. Four experiments were conducted to assess if the system could detect stress in people with and without ID. Three experiments were conducted with people without ID (n = 14, n = 18, and n = 48), and one observational study was done with people with ID (n = 12). To analyze if the system could detect stress, the performance of random, general, and personalized models was evaluated. The mixed ANOVA found a significant effect for model type, F(2, 134) = 116.50, p < .001. Additionally, the post-hoc t-tests found that the personalized model for the group with ID performed better than the random model, t(11) = 9.05, p < .001. The findings suggest that the personalized model can detect stress in people with and without ID. A larger-scale study is required to validate the system for people with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan de Vries
- Research and Development, Mentech Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fransje van Oost
- Research and Development, Mentech Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Smaling
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- University Network for the Care sector Zuid-Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda de Knegt
- Prinsenstichting, Care center for people with intellectual disabilities, Purmerend, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Cluitmans
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Reon Smits
- Research and Development, Mentech Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Meinders
- Research and Development, Mentech Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Salagean A, Wu M, Fletcher G, Cosker D, Fraser DS. The Utilitarian Virtual Self - Using Embodied Personalized Avatars to Investigate Moral Decision-Making in Semi-Autonomous Vehicle Dilemmas. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2024; 30:2162-2172. [PMID: 38437115 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2024.3372121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Embodied personalized avatars are a promising new tool to investigate moral decision-making by transposing the user into the "middle of the action" in moral dilemmas. Here, we tested whether avatar personalization and motor control could impact moral decision-making, physiological reactions and reaction times, as well as embodiment, presence and avatar perception. Seventeen participants, who had their personalized avatars created in a previous study, took part in a range of incongruent (i.e., harmful action led to better overall outcomes) and congruent (i.e., harmful action led to trivial outcomes) moral dilemmas as the drivers of a semi-autonomous car. They embodied four different avatars (counterbalanced - personalized motor control, personalized no motor control, generic motor control, generic no motor control). Overall, participants took a utilitarian approach by performing harmful actions only to maximize outcomes. We found increased physiological arousal (SCRs and heart rate) for personalized avatars compared to generic avatars, and increased SCRs in motor control conditions compared to no motor control. Participants had slower reaction times when they had motor control over their avatars, possibly hinting at more elaborate decision-making processes. Presence was also higher in motor control compared to no motor control conditions. Embodiment ratings were higher for personalized avatars, and generally, personalization and motor control were perceptually positive features. These findings highlight the utility of personalized avatars and open up a range of future research possibilities that could benefit from the affordances of this technology and simulate, more closely than ever, real-life action.
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24
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Nagy T, Ipacs H, Ferentzi E, Köteles F. Heart rate perception and expectation impact laboratory-induced perceived stress. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 199:112326. [PMID: 38460676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the human capacity to gauge one's own physiological state is notoriously flawed. The cause for the mismatch between perceived and physiological stress has not yet been properly identified. In this study, we assumed that cardioceptive accuracy (CAc) is positively associated with cardiovascular reactivity, and CAc and expectation about stress might account for the discrepancy between perceived and physiological stress. In a crossover experiment, we assessed cardioceptive accuracy in two ways (mental heartbeat tracking task and perception of heart rate), and induced physiological (handgrip exercise) and mental (N-back task) stress in 64 university students (51 % male, mean age 22.2). We assessed cardiac and electrodermal activity, and expected and perceived stress. We found that indicators of cardioceptive accuracy were not associated with cardiovascular reactivity. However, heart rate perception moderated the association between the change in heart rate and perceived stress in the physical but not in the mental task. Whereas heartbeat tracking accuracy was not associated with perceived stress. Moreover, perceived stress was predicted by the expected stress but not by the change in heart rate and electrodermal activity in the mental stress task. In conclusion, heart rate perception and expectation of stress may shape perceived stress more than actual physiological changes in moderate acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Nagy
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriett Ipacs
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ferentzi
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Ádám György Psychophysiology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Köteles
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary; Ádám György Psychophysiology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Volpes G, Valenti S, Genova G, Barà C, Parisi A, Faes L, Busacca A, Pernice R. Wearable Ring-Shaped Biomedical Device for Physiological Monitoring through Finger-Based Acquisition of Electrocardiographic, Photoplethysmographic, and Galvanic Skin Response Signals: Design and Preliminary Measurements. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:205. [PMID: 38667198 PMCID: PMC11048376 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Wearable health devices (WHDs) are rapidly gaining ground in the biomedical field due to their ability to monitor the individual physiological state in everyday life scenarios, while providing a comfortable wear experience. This study introduces a novel wearable biomedical device capable of synchronously acquiring electrocardiographic (ECG), photoplethysmographic (PPG), galvanic skin response (GSR) and motion signals. The device has been specifically designed to be worn on a finger, enabling the acquisition of all biosignals directly on the fingertips, offering the significant advantage of being very comfortable and easy to be employed by the users. The simultaneous acquisition of different biosignals allows the extraction of important physiological indices, such as heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV), pulse arrival time (PAT), GSR level, blood oxygenation level (SpO2), and respiratory rate, as well as motion detection, enabling the assessment of physiological states, together with the detection of potential physical and mental stress conditions. Preliminary measurements have been conducted on healthy subjects using a measurement protocol consisting of resting states (i.e., SUPINE and SIT) alternated with physiological stress conditions (i.e., STAND and WALK). Statistical analyses have been carried out among the distributions of the physiological indices extracted in time, frequency, and information domains, evaluated under different physiological conditions. The results of our analyses demonstrate the capability of the device to detect changes between rest and stress conditions, thereby encouraging its use for assessing individuals' physiological state. Furthermore, the possibility of performing synchronous acquisitions of PPG and ECG signals has allowed us to compare HRV and pulse rate variability (PRV) indices, so as to corroborate the reliability of PRV analysis under stationary physical conditions. Finally, the study confirms the already known limitations of wearable devices during physical activities, suggesting the use of algorithms for motion artifact correction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Riccardo Pernice
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 9, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.V.); (S.V.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (A.P.); (L.F.); (A.B.)
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26
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Jang EH, Eum YJ, Yoon D, Sohn JH, Byun S. Comparing multimodal physiological responses to social and physical pain in healthy participants. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1387056. [PMID: 38638471 PMCID: PMC11025361 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1387056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous physiology-driven pain studies focused on examining the presence or intensity of physical pain. However, people experience various types of pain, including social pain, which induces negative mood; emotional distress; and neural activities associated with physical pain. In particular, comparison of autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses between social and physical pain in healthy adults has not been well demonstrated. Methods We explored the ANS responses induced by two types of pain-social pain, associated with a loss of social ties; and physical pain, caused by a pressure cuff-based on multimodal physiological signals. Seventy-three healthy individuals (46 women; mean age = 20.67 ± 3.27 years) participated. Behavioral responses were assessed to determine their sensitivity to pain stimuli. Electrocardiogram, electrodermal activity, photoplethysmogram, respiration, and finger temperature (FT) were measured, and 12 features were extracted from these signals. Results Social pain induced increased heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC) and decreased blood volume pulse (BVP), pulse transit time (PTT), respiration rate (RR), and FT, suggesting a heterogeneous pattern of sympathetic-parasympathetic coactivation. Moreover, physical pain induced increased heart rate variability (HRV) and SC, decreased BVP and PTT, and resulted in no change in FT, indicating sympathetic-adrenal-medullary activation and peripheral vasoconstriction. Conclusion These results suggest that changes in HR, HRV indices, RR, and FT can serve as markers for differentiating physiological responses to social and physical pain stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Jang
- Mobility User Experience Research Section, Electronics Telecommunication and Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ji Eum
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesub Yoon
- Mobility User Experience Research Section, Electronics Telecommunication and Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hun Sohn
- Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Byun
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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27
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Wong AHK, Franzen M, Wieser MJ. Unconditioned stimulus devaluation decreases the generalization of costly safety behaviors. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 103:102847. [PMID: 38422593 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Safety behaviors are often maladaptive in clinical anxiety as they typically persist without realistic threat and cause various impairments. In the laboratory, safety behaviors are modelled by responses to a conditioned stimulus (CS) that reduce the occurrence of an expected aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). Preliminary evidence suggests that US devaluation, a procedure that decreases US aversiveness, devalues the threat value of the CS and thus diminishes safety behaviors to the CS. This study (n = 78) aimed to extend this finding and examined whether US-devaluation can reduce the generalization of safety behaviors to various stimuli. After acquiring safety behaviors to CSs of different categories, the US predicted by one CS category was devalued. In test, participants showed a selective reduction in safety behaviors to novel stimuli of the devalued CS category, reflecting a decrease in generalization of safety behaviors. Trait anxiety was associated with persistent generalized safety behaviors to novel stimuli of the devalued category. We discuss how US devaluation may improve treatment outcome but also the challenges of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H K Wong
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Minita Franzen
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias J Wieser
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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28
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Hu X, Sgherza TR, Nothrup JB, Fresco DM, Naragon-Gainey K, Bylsma LM. From lab to life: Evaluating the reliability and validity of psychophysiological data from wearable devices in laboratory and ambulatory settings. Behav Res Methods 2024:10.3758/s13428-024-02387-3. [PMID: 38528248 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite the increasing popularity of ambulatory assessment, the reliability and validity of psychophysiological signals from wearable devices is unproven in daily life settings. We evaluated the reliability and validity of physiological signals (electrocardiogram, ECG; photoplethysmography, PPG; electrodermal activity, EDA) collected from two wearable devices (Movisens EcgMove4 and Empatica E4) in the lab (N = 67) and daily life (N = 20) among adults aged 18-64 with Mindware as the laboratory gold standard. Results revealed that both wearable devices' valid data rates in daily life were lower than in the laboratory (Movisens ECG 82.94 vs. 93.10%, Empatica PPG 8.79 vs. 26.14%, and Empatica EDA 41.16 vs. 42.67%, respectively). The poor valid data rates of Empatica PPG signals in the laboratory could be partially attributed to participants' hand movements (r = - .27, p = .03). In laboratory settings, heart rate (HR) derived from both wearable devices exhibited higher concurrent validity than heart rate variability (HRV) metrics (ICCs 0.98-1.00 vs. 0.75-0.97). The number of skin conductance responses (SCRs) derived from Empatica showed higher concurrent validity than skin conductance level (SCL, ICCs 0.38 vs. 0.09). Movisens EcgMove4 provided more reliable and valid HRV measurements than Empatica E4 in both laboratory (split-half reliability: 0.95-0.99 vs. 0.85-0.98; concurrent validity: 0.95-1.00 vs. 0.75-0.98; valid data rate: 93.10 vs. 26.14%) and ambulatory settings (split-half reliability: 0.99-1.00 vs. 0.89-0.98; valid data rate: 82.94 vs. 8.79%). Although the reliability and validity of wearable devices are improving, findings suggest researchers should select devices that yield consistently robust and valid data for their measures of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tanika R Sgherza
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jessie B Nothrup
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David M Fresco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Lauren M Bylsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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29
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Bhatia A, Hanna J, Stuart T, Kasper KA, Clausen DM, Gutruf P. Wireless Battery-free and Fully Implantable Organ Interfaces. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2205-2280. [PMID: 38382030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Advances in soft materials, miniaturized electronics, sensors, stimulators, radios, and battery-free power supplies are resulting in a new generation of fully implantable organ interfaces that leverage volumetric reduction and soft mechanics by eliminating electrochemical power storage. This device class offers the ability to provide high-fidelity readouts of physiological processes, enables stimulation, and allows control over organs to realize new therapeutic and diagnostic paradigms. Driven by seamless integration with connected infrastructure, these devices enable personalized digital medicine. Key to advances are carefully designed material, electrophysical, electrochemical, and electromagnetic systems that form implantables with mechanical properties closely matched to the target organ to deliver functionality that supports high-fidelity sensors and stimulators. The elimination of electrochemical power supplies enables control over device operation, anywhere from acute, to lifetimes matching the target subject with physical dimensions that supports imperceptible operation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic building blocks of battery-free organ interfaces and related topics such as implantation, delivery, sterilization, and user acceptance. State of the art examples categorized by organ system and an outlook of interconnection and advanced strategies for computation leveraging the consistent power influx to elevate functionality of this device class over current battery-powered strategies is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Bhatia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jessica Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tucker Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kevin Albert Kasper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - David Marshall Clausen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program (GIDP), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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30
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Opdensteinen KD, Rach H, Gruszka P, Schaan L, Adolph D, Pané-Farré CA, Benke C, Dierolf AM, Schneider S, Hechler T. "The mere imagination scares me"-evidence for fear responses during mental imagery of pain-associated interoceptive sensations in adolescents with chronic pain. Pain 2024; 165:621-634. [PMID: 37703402 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT According to the bio-informational theory of emotion by Lang, mental imagery of fearful stimuli activates physiological and behavioural response systems, even in the absence of sensory input. We investigated whether instructed mental imagery of pain-associated (not painful) interoceptive sensations entails a threat value and elicits increased startle response, skin conductance level (SCL), and heart rate (HR) indicative of defensive mobilization in adolescents with chronic pain. Additionally, self-reported measures (fear, fear of pain, desire to avoid) were assessed. Adolescents (11-18 years) with chronic headache (CH, n = 46) or chronic abdominal pain (CAP, n = 29) and a control group (n = 28) were asked to imagine individualized pain-associated, neutral and standardized fear scripts. During pain-associated compared with neutral imagery, both pain groups showed higher mean HR, with CH also showing higher HR reactivity, while HR acceleration was not observed within control group. In contrast, during pain-associated compared with neutral imagery, startle response magnitude and SCL remained unchanged in all groups. Additionally, overall levels in self-reports were higher during pain-associated compared with neutral imagery, but significantly more pronounced in the pain groups compared with the control group. Results suggest that the mere imagination of pain-associated sensations elicits specific autonomic fear responses accompanied by increased self-reported fear in adolescents with chronic pain. The specific modulation of heart rate shed new light on our understanding of multimodal fear responses in adolescents with chronic pain and may help to refine paradigms to decrease fear of interoceptive sensations in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim D Opdensteinen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Hannah Rach
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Piotr Gruszka
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Luca Schaan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Dirk Adolph
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christiane A Pané-Farré
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Benke
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Angelika M Dierolf
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tanja Hechler
- Department of Clinical Psychology for Children and Adolescents, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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31
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Randjelovic V. Conditioning to true content and artificial intelligence in psychophysiological intention recognition. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 197:112296. [PMID: 38184110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to introduce a novel method for classical conditioning to true content (CtTC), and for the first time, apply this approach in the concealed information test (CIT) to effectively discern intentions. During CtTC, participants are trained to exhibit electrodermal responses whenever they recognize true content on a screen. Additionally, the objective is to evaluate a novel CIT-dataset preprocessing algorithm, employed to enhance machine learning (ML) classification performance. METHODS A total of 84 participants were evenly divided into four groups. Two groups of participants devised plans for stealing money from a supermarket, while the other two groups did not engage in any planning. One planning group and one non-planning group underwent CIT examination, while the remaining groups were subjected to CtTC. RESULTS The CIT accuracy initially stood at 52 % and increased to 71 % after Z-score and ML classification (McNemar test, p < 0.05). Conversely, the CtTC accuracy was 76 % and significantly improved to 93 % following Z-score and 95 % following ML classification (McNemar test, p < 0.05). In the best-performing classifiers, CtTC exhibited significantly superior metrics for guilty/innocent classification compared to CIT (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05, power 1 - β > 0.90). In the CtTC group, reactivity and sensitivity significantly increased, indicated by higher EDR amplitudes (p < 0.05, two-tailed t-test, power 1 - β = 0.89) and the number of EDRs (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test, power 1 - β = 0.90). There was no statistically significant difference between the Z-score and ML classification. CONCLUSIONS In the assessment of intentions, CtTC enhances both the sensitivity and accuracy of the CIT.
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Maritsch M, Föll S, Lehmann V, Styger N, Bérubé C, Kraus M, Feuerriegel S, Kowatsch T, Züger T, Fleisch E, Wortmann F, Stettler C. Smartwatches for non-invasive hypoglycaemia detection during cognitive and psychomotor stress. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1133-1136. [PMID: 38086545 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Maritsch
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Föll
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lehmann
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Naïma Styger
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bérubé
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Kraus
- School of Business, Economics and Society, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Feuerriegel
- Institute of AI in Management, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Kowatsch
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Züger
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Kantonsspital Olten, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Elgar Fleisch
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Technology Management, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Felix Wortmann
- Institute of Technology Management, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stettler
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Lyu H, Huang H, He J, Zhu S, Hong W, Lai J, Gao T, Shao J, Zhu J, Li Y, Hu S. Task-state skin potential abnormalities can distinguish major depressive disorder and bipolar depression from healthy controls. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:110. [PMID: 38395985 PMCID: PMC10891315 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Early detection of bipolar depression (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been challenging due to the lack of reliable and easily measurable biological markers. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of discriminating patients with mood disorders from healthy controls based on task state skin potential characteristics and their correlation with individual indicators of oxidative stress. A total of 77 patients with BPD, 53 patients with MDD, and 79 healthy controls were recruited. A custom-made device, previously shown to be sufficiently accurate, was used to collect skin potential data during six emotion-inducing tasks involving video, pictorial, or textual stimuli. Blood indicators reflecting individual levels of oxidative stress were collected. A discriminant model based on the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was constructed for discriminant analysis. MDD and BPD patients were found to have abnormal skin potential characteristics on most tasks. The accuracy of the SVM model built with SP features to discriminate MDD patients from healthy controls was 78% (sensitivity 78%, specificity 82%). The SVM model gave an accuracy of 59% (sensitivity 59%, specificity 79%) in classifying BPD patients, MDD patients, and healthy controls into three groups. Significant correlations were also found between oxidative stress indicators in the blood of patients and certain SP features. Patients with depression and bipolar depression have abnormalities in task-state skin potential that partially reflect the pathological mechanism of the illness, and the abnormalities are potential biological markers of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Lyu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
- Ruian People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Jiadong He
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ruian Fifth People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Wanchu Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ruian Fifth People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Jianbo Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | | | - Jiamin Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ruian Fifth People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Yubo Li
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Ruian People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, China.
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Queirolo L, Facco E, Bacci C, Mucignat C, Zanette G. Impairment of Hypnosis by Nocebo Response and Related Neurovegetative Changes: A Case Report in Oral Surgery. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38363817 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2024.2311908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This article presents the third molar removal in a highly hypnotizable patient, who had been successfully submitted to oral surgery with hypnosis as stand-alone anesthesia in previous sessions. Unexpectedly, hypnosis initially failed, as a result of a nocebo response due to a previous dentist's bad communication; two complaints made by the patient were associated with increased sympathetic activity (as defined by increased heart rate and electrodermal activity and decreased heart rate variability). After deepening of hypnosis, the patient achieved a full hypnotic analgesia allowing for a successful conclusion of the intervention, an event associated with decreased heart rate, electrodermal activity, and increased heart rate variability. Hence, the initial failure was paralleled by a decreased parasympathetic activity and increased sympathetic activity, while hypnotic analgesia was associated with the opposite pattern. The patient's postoperative report indicated that the initial failure of hypnosis depended on a strong nocebo effect because of a previous dentist distrusting hypnosis and persuading her that it was not enough to face a third molar removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Queirolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Dentistry, University of Padova, Italy
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Facco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Dentistry, University of Padova, Italy
- Institution Franco Granone-Italian Center for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Turin, Italy
| | - Christian Bacci
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Dentistry, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Carla Mucignat
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Dentistry, University of Padova, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Gastone Zanette
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Clinical Dentistry, University of Padova, Italy
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Ranfaing S, De Zorzi L, Ruyffelaere R, Honoré J, Critchley H, Sequeira H. The impact of attention bias modification training on behavioral and physiological responses. Biol Psychol 2024; 186:108753. [PMID: 38244853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Attention bias modification training aims to alter attentional deployment to symptom-relevant emotionally salient stimuli. Such training has therapeutic applications in the management of disorders including anxiety, depression, addiction and chronic pain. In emotional reactions, attentional biases interact with autonomically-mediated changes in bodily arousal putatively underpinning affective feeling states. Here we examined the impact of attention bias modification training on behavioral and autonomic reactivity. Fifty-eight participants were divided into two groups. A training group (TR) received attention bias modification training to enhance attention to pleasant visual information, while a control group (CT) performed a procedure that did not modify attentional bias. After training, participants performed an evaluation task in which pairs of emotional and neutral images (unpleasant-neutral, pleasant-neutral, neutral-neutral) were presented, while behavioral (eye movements) and autonomic (skin conductance; heart rate) responses were recorded. At the behavioral level, trained participants were faster to orientate attention to pleasant images, and slower to orientate to unpleasant images. At the autonomic level, trained participants showed attenuated skin conductance responses to unpleasant images, while stronger skin conductance responses were generally associated with higher anxiety. These data argue for the use of attentional training to address both the attentional and the physiological sides of emotional responses, appropriate for anxious and depressive symptomatology, characterized by atypical attentional deployment and autonomic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Ranfaing
- PSyCOS - ETHICS EA 7446, Université Catholique de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Lucas De Zorzi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rémi Ruyffelaere
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jacques Honoré
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Henrique Sequeira
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
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Kleckner IR, Wormwood JB, Jones RM, Culakova E, Barrett LF, Lord C, Quigley KS, Goodwin MS. Adaptive thresholding increases sensitivity to detect changes in the rate of skin conductance responses to psychologically arousing stimuli in both laboratory and ambulatory settings. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 196:112280. [PMID: 38104772 PMCID: PMC10872538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Psychophysiologists recording electrodermal activity (EDA) often derive measures of slow, tonic activity-skin conductance level (SCL)-and faster, more punctate changes-skin conductance responses (SCRs). A SCR is conventionally considered to have occurred when the local amplitude of the EDA signal exceeds a researcher-determined threshold (e.g., 0.05 μS), typically fixed across study participants and conditions. However, fixed SCR thresholds can preferentially exclude data from individuals with low SCL because their SCRs are smaller on average, thereby reducing statistical power for group-level analyses. Thus, we developed a fixed plus adaptive (FA) thresholding method that adjusts identification of SCRs based on an individual's SC at the onset of the SCR to increase statistical power and include data from more participants. We assess the utility of applying FA thresholding across two independent samples and explore age and race-related associations with EDA outcomes. Study 1 uses wired EDA measurements from 254 healthy adults responding to evocative images and sounds in a laboratory setting. Study 2 uses wireless EDA measurements from 20 children with autism in a clinical environment while they completed behavioral tasks. Compared to a 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 μS fixed threshold, FA thresholding at 1.9% modestly increases statistical power to detect a difference in SCR rate between tasks with higher vs. lower subjective arousal and reduces exclusion of participants by up to 5% across both samples. This novel method expands the EDA analytical toolbox and may be useful in populations with highly variable basal SCL or when comparing groups with different basal SCL. Future research should test for reproducibility and generalizability in other tasks, samples, and contexts. IMPACT STATEMENTS: This article is important because it introduces a novel method to enhance sensitivity and statistical power in analyses of skin conductance responses from electrodermal data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca M Jones
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Eva Culakova
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Lord
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, White Plains, NY, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pauli-Pott U, Skoluda N, Nater UM, Becker K, Derz F, Kaspar E, Kasperzack D, Kehm K, Kött M, Mann C, Schurek P, Pott W, Schloß S. Long-term cortisol secretion in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: roles of sex, comorbidity, and symptom presentation. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:569-579. [PMID: 36917355 PMCID: PMC10869441 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Low activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) has been found in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The condition may be related to the reduced attention regulation capacity and/or to comorbid oppositional defiant or conduct disorder (ODD/CD). Sex differences are probable but not sufficiently studied. We analyzed the HPAA activity and sympathetic nervous system reactivity (SR) in children with ADHD while accounting for ADHD symptom presentation, comorbidity, and sex differences. The sample comprised 205 children, 98 (61 boys, 37 girls) with ADHD and 107 (48 boys, 59 girls) healthy controls. DSM-5 phenotypic symptom presentation and comorbid ODD/CD were assessed using clinical interviews. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was used to assess the long-term, cumulative activity of the HPAA. SR was assessed via skin conductance response (SCR). For control purposes, comorbid internalizing symptoms and indicators of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) were assessed. Children were medication naive. Boys presenting with predominantly inattentive symptoms (ADHD-I) showed lower HCC than healthy boys. Girls presenting with combined symptoms (ADHD-C) showed higher HCC than did healthy girls (p's < 0.05, sex-by-group interaction, F (2,194) = 4.09, p = 0.018). Boys with ADHD plus ODD/CD showed a blunted SR (p < 0.001, sex-by-group interaction, F (2,172) = 3.08, p = 0.048). Adjustment for ACE indicators led to non-significant differences in HCC but did not affect differences in SR. HCC constitutes an easily assessable, reliable, and valid marker of phenotypic ADHD-related features (i.e. symptom presentation and comorbidity). It indicates more homogenous subgroups of ADHD and might point to specifically involved pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Pauli-Pott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Nadine Skoluda
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform The Stress of Life (SOLE)-Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress, Vienna, Austria
| | - Urs M Nater
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform The Stress of Life (SOLE)-Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg Justus Liebig University Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Derz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elena Kaspar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daria Kasperzack
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kira Kehm
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marie Kött
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Mann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pia Schurek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Pott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susan Schloß
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
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Deng M, Gluck A, Zhao Y, Li D, Menassa CC, Kamat VR, Brinkley J. An analysis of physiological responses as indicators of driver takeover readiness in conditionally automated driving. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 195:107372. [PMID: 37979464 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
By the year 2045, it is projected that Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) will make up half of the new vehicle market. Successful adoption of AVs can reduce drivers' stress and fatigue, curb traffic congestion, and improve safety, mobility, and economic efficiency. Due to the limited intelligence in relevant technologies, human-in-the-loop modalities are still necessary to ensure the safety of AVs at current or near future stages, because the vehicles may not be able to handle all emergencies. Therefore, it is important to know the takeover readiness of the drivers to ensure the takeover quality and avoid any potential accidents. To achieve this, a comprehensive understanding of the drivers' physiological states is crucial. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis of the correlation between different human physiological responses and takeover behaviors which could serve as important references for future studies to determine the types of data to use. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of takeover behaviors on the common physiological indicators. A program for conditional automation was developed based on a game engine and applied to a driving simulator. The experiment incorporated three types of secondary tasks, three takeover events, and two traffic densities. Brain signals, Skin Conductance Level (SCL), and Heart Rate (HR) of the participants were collected while they were performing the driving simulations. The Frontal Asymmetry Index (FAI) (as an indicator of engagement) and Mental Workload (MWL) were calculated from the brain signals to indicate the mental states of the participants. The results revealed that the FAI of the drivers would slightly decrease after the takeover alerts were issued when they were doing secondary tasks prior to the takeover activities, and the higher difficulty of the secondary tasks could lead to lower overall FAI during the takeover periods. In contrast, The MWL and SCL increased during the takeover periods. The HR also increased rapidly at the beginning of the takeover period but dropped back to a normal level quickly. It was found that a fake takeover alert would lead to lower overall HR, slower increase, and lower peak of SCL during the takeover periods. Moreover, the higher traffic density scenarios were associated with higher MWL, and a more difficult secondary task would lead to higher MWL and HR during the takeover activities. A preliminary discussion of the correlation between the physiological data, takeover scenario, and vehicle data (that relevant to takeover readiness) was then conducted, revealing that although takeover event, SCL, and HR had slightly higher correlations with the maximum acceleration and reaction time, none of them dominated the takeover readiness. In addition, the analysis of the data across different participants was conducted, which emphasized the importance of considering standardization or normalization of the data when they were further used as input features for estimating takeover readiness. Overall, the results presented in this paper offer profound insights into the patterns of physiological data changes during takeover periods. These findings can be used as benchmarks for utilizing these variables as indicators of takeover preparedness and performance in future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Aaron Gluck
- School of Computing, Clemson University, SC 29631, United States.
| | - Yijin Zhao
- Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, South Carolina, SC 29634, United States.
| | - Da Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, South Carolina, SC 29634, United States.
| | - Carol C Menassa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Vineet R Kamat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Julian Brinkley
- School of Computing, Clemson University, SC 29631, United States.
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Batsikadze G, Pakusch J, Klein M, Ernst TM, Thieme A, Nicksirat SA, Steiner KM, Nio E, Genc E, Maderwald S, Deuschl C, Merz CJ, Quick HH, Mark MD, Timmann D. Mild Deficits in Fear Learning: Evidence from Humans and Mice with Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0365-23.2023. [PMID: 38176906 PMCID: PMC10897646 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0365-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional brain imaging studies in humans suggest involvement of the cerebellum in fear conditioning but do not allow conclusions about the functional significance. The main aim of the present study was to examine whether patients with cerebellar degeneration show impaired fear conditioning and whether this is accompanied by alterations in cerebellar cortical activations. To this end, a 2 d differential fear conditioning study was conducted in 20 cerebellar patients and 21 control subjects using a 7 tesla (7 T) MRI system. Fear acquisition and extinction training were performed on day 1, followed by recall on day 2. Cerebellar patients learned to differentiate between the CS+ and CS-. Acquisition and consolidation of learned fear, however, was slowed. Additionally, extinction learning appeared to be delayed. The fMRI signal was reduced in relation to the prediction of the aversive stimulus and altered in relation to its unexpected omission. Similarly, mice with cerebellar cortical degeneration (spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, SCA6) were able to learn the fear association, but retrieval of fear memory was reduced. In sum, cerebellar cortical degeneration led to mild abnormalities in the acquisition of learned fear responses in both humans and mice, particularly manifesting postacquisition training. Future research is warranted to investigate the basis of altered fMRI signals related to fear learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgi Batsikadze
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Johanna Pakusch
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Klein
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Michael Ernst
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Thieme
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Seyed Ali Nicksirat
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Marie Steiner
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Enzo Nio
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Erhan Genc
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Maderwald
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Deuschl
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology and C-TNBS, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Josef Merz
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Harald H Quick
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie D Mark
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Okamoto A, Karibe H, Tanaka S, Kato Y, Kawakami T, Okamoto Y, Goddard G. Effect of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on the gag reflex: a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, crossover study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:60. [PMID: 38281005 PMCID: PMC10822155 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive gag reflexes prevent dental patients from receiving appropriate treatment. Aromatherapy helps patients relax during dental procedures. However, the effect of aromatherapy on the gag reflex caused by the stimulation of the oral cavity is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether aromatherapy reduces gag reflexes during oral stimulation. METHODS In this randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, crossover study, the gag reflexes of 24 healthy individuals (12 females and 12 males; mean age: 34.3 ± 9.5 years) were quantified. A standard saliva ejector was slowly guided down the participant's throat to determine the maximum tolerance of the gag reflex, and the insertion distance was measured to quantify the gag reflex. All individuals participated in an aromatherapy session with peppermint essential oil and a placebo session with distilled water. The gag reflex was quantified before (baseline) and after each session. Another measurement was performed using nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation as a positive control. RESULTS Gag reflex values significantly increased after aromatherapy with both peppermint essential oil and placebo compared to baseline values (paired t-test, P < 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). The gag reflex value also increased significantly during nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation (paired t-test, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the increase rate of gag reflex values between the positive control and aromatherapy interventions, but it was significantly lower after the placebo intervention (repeated measures analysis of variance, P = 0.003; post-hoc test, P = 0.83 and P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil has the potential for reducing gag reflex during dental procedures. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in the University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry under the code UMIN000050616 (approved 17/03/2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuko Okamoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1- 9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Karibe
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1- 9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1- 9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kato
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1- 9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kawakami
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1- 9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okamoto
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Greg Goddard
- University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Hamilton RI, Garcia AA, Bowd J, Hamilton D, Mason D, Elliott M, Holt C. Utilising electrodermal activity sensor signals to quantify nociceptive response during movement activities. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:36. [PMID: 38268014 PMCID: PMC10809522 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With an increasingly ageing population and osteoarthritis prevalence, the quantification of nociceptive signals responsible for painful movements and individual responses could lead to better treatment and monitoring solutions. Changes in electrodermal activity (EDA) can be detected via changes in skin conductance (SC) and measured using finger electrodes on a wearable sensor, providing objective information for increased physiological stress response. RESULTS To provide EDA response preliminary data, this was recorded with healthy volunteers on an array of activities while receiving a noxious stimulus. This provides a defined scenario that can be utilised as protocol feasibility testing. Raw signal extraction, processing and statistical analysis was performed using mean SC values on all participant data. The application of the stimuli resulted in a significant average increase (p < 0.05) in mean SC in four out of five activities with significant gender differences (p < 0.05) in SC and self-reported pain scores and large effect sizes. Though EDA parameters are a promising tool for nociceptive response indicators, limitations including motion artifact sensitivities and lack of previous movement-based EDA published data result in restricted analysis understanding. Refined processing pipelines with signal decomposition tools could be utilised in a protocol that quantifies nociceptive response clinically meaningfully.
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Anmella G, Mas A, Sanabra M, Valenzuela-Pascual C, Valentí M, Pacchiarotti I, Benabarre A, Grande I, De Prisco M, Oliva V, Fico G, Giménez-Palomo A, Bastidas A, Agasi I, Young AH, Garriga M, Corponi F, Li BM, de Looff P, Vieta E, Hidalgo-Mazzei D. Electrodermal activity in bipolar disorder: Differences between mood episodes and clinical remission using a wearable device in a real-world clinical setting. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:43-50. [PMID: 37865347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) lacks objective measures for illness activity and treatment response. Electrodermal activity (EDA) is a quantitative measure of autonomic function, which is altered in manic and depressive episodes. We aimed to explore differences in EDA (1) inter-individually: between patients with BD on acute mood episodes, euthymic states and healthy controls (HC), and (2) intra-individually: longitudinally within patients during acute mood episodes of BD and after clinical remission. METHODS A longitudinal observational study. EDA was recorded using a research-grade wearable in patients with BD during acute manic and depressive episodes and at clinical remission. Euthymic BD patients and HC were recorded during a single session. We compared EDA parameters derived from the tonic (mean EDA, mEDA) and phasic components (EDA peaks per minute, pmEDA, and EDA peaks mean amplitude, pmaEDA). Inter- and intra-individual comparisons were computed respectively with ANOVA and paired t-tests. RESULTS 49 patients with BD (15 manic, 9 depressed, and 25 euthymic), and 19 HC were included. Patients with bipolar depression showed significantly reduced mEDA (p = 0.003) and pmEDA (p = 0.001), which increased to levels similar to euthymia or HC after clinical remission (mEDA, p = 0.011; pmEDA, p < 0.001; pmaEDA, p < 0.001). Manic patients showed no differences compared to euthymic patients and HCs, but a significant reduction of tonic and phasic EDA parameters after clinical remission (mEDA, p = 0.035; pmEDA, p = 0.004). LIMITATIONS Limited sample size, high inter-individual variability of EDA parameters, limited comparability to previous studies and non-adjustment for medication. CONCLUSION EDA ecological monitoring might provide several opportunities for early detection of depressive symptoms, and might aid at assessing early response to treatments in mania and bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Anmella
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Ariadna Mas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miriam Sanabra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Clàudia Valenzuela-Pascual
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Valentí
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antoni Benabarre
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iria Grande
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michele De Prisco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Oliva
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fico
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Giménez-Palomo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Bastidas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabel Agasi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders (CfAD), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Garriga
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Bryan M Li
- School of informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter de Looff
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Fivoor, Science and Treatment Innovation, Expert centre "De Borg", Den Dolder, the Netherlands
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Lu L, Xie Z, Wang H, Su B, Jung S, Xu X. Factors Affecting Workers' Mental Stress in Handover Activities During Human-Robot Collaboration. HUMAN FACTORS 2024:187208241226823. [PMID: 38215357 DOI: 10.1177/00187208241226823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of different approach directions, movement speeds, and trajectories of a co-robot's end-effector on workers' mental stress during handover tasks. BACKGROUND Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is gaining attention in industry and academia. Understanding robot-related factors causing mental stress is crucial for designing collaborative tasks that minimize workers' stress. METHODS Mental stress in HRC tasks was measured subjectively through self-reports and objectively through galvanic skin response (GSR) and electromyography (EMG). Robot-related factors including approach direction, movement speed, and trajectory were analyzed. RESULTS Movement speed and approach direction had significant effects on subjective ratings, EMG, and GSR. High-speed and approaching from one side consistently resulted in higher fear, lower comfort, and predictability, as well as increased EMG and GSR signals, indicating higher mental stress. Movement trajectory affected GSR, with the sudden stop condition eliciting a stronger response compared to the constrained trajectory. Interaction effects between speed and approach direction were observed for "surprise" and "predictability" subjective ratings. At high speed, approach direction did not significantly differ, but at low speeds, approaching from the side was found to be more surprising and unpredictable compared to approaching from the front. CONCLUSION The mental stress of workers during HRC is lower when the robot's end effector (1) approaches a worker within the worker's field of view, (2) approaches at a lower speed, or (3) follows a constrained trajectory. APPLICATION The outcome of this study can serve as a guide to design HRC tasks with a low level of workers' mental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- North Carolina State University, USA
| | | | | | - Bingyi Su
- North Carolina State University, USA
| | | | - Xu Xu
- North Carolina State University, USA
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44
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Schellen SJ, Zeidan P, Ernst TM, Thieme A, Nicksirat SA, Merz CJ, Nitsche MA, Yavari F, Timmann D, Batsikadze G. Absence of modulatory effects of 6Hz cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation on fear learning in men. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 17:1328283. [PMID: 38264350 PMCID: PMC10803490 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1328283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fear is a vital defense mechanism to potential threats, which is influenced by the cerebellum. While the cerebellum's role in acquiring fear responses is well understood, limited knowledge exists about its involvement in fear extinction. In this study, we investigated the effects of cerebellar theta band transcranial alternating current stimulation (ctACS) administered during fear extinction training, based on previous evidence from animal studies suggesting a role of cerebellar theta oscillations in associative memory formation. To this end, thirty-seven healthy right-handed male participants were recruited for a two-day differential fear renewal paradigm. On day 1, they underwent acquisition training in context A followed by extinction training in context B. On day 2, recall was tested in contexts A and B. One group of participants received ctACS in the theta band (6 Hz) during extinction training. The other group received sham ctACS. Although both groups demonstrated the ability to recall previously learned fear and distinguish between low and high threat stimuli, no significant differences were observed between the ctACS and sham groups, indicating that ctACS at this theta frequency range did not impact extinction and recall of previously acquired fear in this study. Nevertheless, using ctACS could still be useful in future research, including brain imaging studies, to better understand how the cerebellum is involved in fear and extinction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johanna Schellen
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philip Zeidan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Ernst
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Thieme
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Seyed Ali Nicksirat
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian J. Merz
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael A. Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Bochum, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Yavari
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Giorgi Batsikadze
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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45
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Polo EM, Farabbi A, Mollura M, Mainardi L, Barbieri R. Understanding the role of emotion in decision making process: using machine learning to analyze physiological responses to visual, auditory, and combined stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 17:1286621. [PMID: 38259333 PMCID: PMC10800655 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1286621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotions significantly shape decision-making, and targeted emotional elicitations represent an important factor in neuromarketing, where they impact advertising effectiveness by capturing potential customers' attention intricately associated with emotional triggers. Analyzing biometric parameters after stimulus exposure may help in understanding emotional states. This study investigates autonomic and central nervous system responses to emotional stimuli, including images, auditory cues, and their combination while recording physiological signals, namely the electrocardiogram, blood volume pulse, galvanic skin response, pupillometry, respiration, and the electroencephalogram. The primary goal of the proposed analysis is to compare emotional stimulation methods and to identify the most effective approach for distinct physiological patterns. A novel feature selection technique is applied to further optimize the separation of four emotional states. Basic machine learning approaches are used in order to discern emotions as elicited by different kinds of stimulation. Electroencephalographic signals, Galvanic skin response and cardio-respiratory coupling-derived features provided the most significant features in distinguishing the four emotional states. Further findings highlight how auditory stimuli play a crucial role in creating distinct physiological patterns that enhance classification within a four-class problem. When combining all three types of stimulation, a validation accuracy of 49% was achieved. The sound-only and the image-only phases resulted in 52% and 44% accuracy respectively, whereas the combined stimulation of images and sounds led to 51% accuracy. Isolated visual stimuli yield less distinct patterns, necessitating more signals for relatively inferior performance compared to other types of stimuli. This surprising significance arises from limited auditory exploration in emotional recognition literature, particularly contrasted with the pleathora of studies performed using visual stimulation. In marketing, auditory components might hold a more relevant potential to significantly influence consumer choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Maria Polo
- SpinLabs, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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46
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Joshi SD, Ruffini G, Nuttall HE, Watson DG, Braithwaite JJ. Optimised Multi-Channel Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (MtDCS) Reveals Differential Involvement of the Right-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (rVLPFC) and Insular Complex in those Predisposed to Aberrant Experiences. Conscious Cogn 2024; 117:103610. [PMID: 38056338 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown a prominent role for cortical hyperexcitability underlying aberrant perceptions, hallucinations, and distortions in human conscious experience - even in neurotypical groups. The rVLPFC has been identified as an important structure in mediating cognitive affective states / feeling conscious states. The current study examined the involvement of the rVLPFC in mediating cognitive affective states in those predisposed to aberrant experiences in the neurotypical population. Participants completed two trait-based measures: (i) the Cortical Hyperexcitability Index_II (CHi_II, a proxy measure of cortical hyperexcitability) and (ii) two factors from the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale (CDS). An optimised 7-channel MtDCS montage for stimulation conditions (Anodal, Cathodal and Sham) was created targeting the rVLPFC in a single-blind study. At the end of each stimulation session, participants completed a body-threat task (BTAB) while skin conductance responses (SCRs) and psychological responses were recorded. Participants with signs of increasing cortical hyperexcitability showed significant suppression of SCRs in the Cathodal stimulation relative to the Anodal and sSham conditions. Those high on the trait-based measures of depersonalisation-like experiences failed to show reliable effects. Collectively, the findings suggest that baseline brain states can mediate the effects of neurostimulation which would be missed via sample level averaging and without appropriate measures for stratifying individual differences.
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47
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Michailovs S, Howard Z, Pond S, Fitzgerald M, Visser TAW, Bell J, Pinniger G, Irons J, Schmitt M, Stoker M, Huf S, Loft S. Sharing imagery and analysis tools in a simulated submarine control room. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 114:104125. [PMID: 37659376 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the impact of sharing periscope imagery and analysis tools in eighteen five-member teams (Sonar, Periscope, 2xTrack Motion Analysts, Track Manager) who undertook simulated submarine patrol tasks. Compared to a baseline condition, sharing imagery to team members increased perceived individual workload, with no improvement to team performance (tactical picture accuracy). When both imagery and analysis tools were shared, perceived workload increased and tactical picture compilation was more accurate. Despite this improved tactical picture for the imagery and analysis tools condition, there was no advantage to mission completion (rendezvous/close contact detection) or situation awareness. In contrast to the increased subjective workload, individuals in teams provided with shared imagery (with or without tools) had a lower physiological response (heart rate, electrodermal) to task demands compared to the baseline condition. Sharing imagery and analysis tools likely benefited tactical picture compilation by enabling dynamic task redistribution and multiple streams of concurrent data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason Bell
- The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Jessica Irons
- Defence Science and Technology Group (Australia), Australia
| | - Megan Schmitt
- Defence Science and Technology Group (Australia), Australia
| | | | - Sam Huf
- Defence Science and Technology Group (Australia), Australia
| | - Shayne Loft
- The University of Western Australia, Australia.
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48
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Lu Z, Ozek B, Kamarthi S. Transformer encoder with multiscale deep learning for pain classification using physiological signals. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1294577. [PMID: 38124717 PMCID: PMC10730685 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1294577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain, a pervasive global health concern, affects a large segment of population worldwide. Accurate pain assessment remains a challenge due to the limitations of conventional self-report scales, which often yield inconsistent results and are susceptible to bias. Recognizing this gap, our study introduces PainAttnNet, a novel deep-learning model designed for precise pain intensity classification using physiological signals. We investigate whether PainAttnNet would outperform existing models in capturing temporal dependencies. The model integrates multiscale convolutional networks, squeeze-and-excitation residual networks, and a transformer encoder block. This integration is pivotal for extracting robust features across multiple time windows, emphasizing feature interdependencies, and enhancing temporal dependency analysis. Evaluation of PainAttnNet on the BioVid heat pain dataset confirm the model's superior performance over the existing models. The results establish PainAttnNet as a promising tool for automating and refining pain assessments. Our research not only introduces a novel computational approach but also sets the stage for more individualized and accurate pain assessment and management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sagar Kamarthi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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Pattyn E, Thammasan N, Lutin E, Tourolle D, Van Kraaij A, Kosunen I, De Raedt W, Van Hoof C. Simulation of ambulatory electrodermal activity and the handling of low-quality segments. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 242:107859. [PMID: 37863009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Monitoring electrodermal activity (EDA) in daily life requires effective handling of low-quality segments, which are common in ambulatory EDA data. Although several low-quality handling methods have been implemented, systematic comparison of these methods, which requires a large annotated dataset, is lacking. METHODS Therefore, we proposed the simulation of realistic ambulatory EDA data starting from high-quality EDA signals, which were subsequently contaminated with varying concentrations of artifacts. Subsequently, three approaches for handling low-quality data were evaluated regarding the preservation of several EDA-derived features: removing all artifacts, interpolating over removed artifacts, and retaining all artifacts. Specifically, multiple EDA features were assessed, derived from response detection (evaluated using F1, precision, recall) as well as EDA, phasic, and tonic features (assessed using absolute error), by comparing the simulated EDA data with and without the inserted artifacts, using the latter as ground truth. RESULTS For response detection, retaining artifacts resulted in the highest F1-scores, while interpolating over removed artifacts achieved the highest F1-scores for the phasic signal. The approaches did significantly differ in the mean error for the phasic but not for the tonic component and raw EDA. CONCLUSION This work generated ambulatory EDA datasets of 200 h, containing 0.125 to 3 artifacts per minute, and showed that interpolation over removed artifacts was an effective approach to reconstruct phasic-derived features up to 2 artifacts per minute. The proposed simulation and evaluation methodology, which are easily customizable, offer opportunities for future research to develop and systematically compare signal quality indicators, decomposition methods, and response detectors for processing ambulatory EDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pattyn
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Elektronische Circuits en Systemen (ECS), KU Leuven, Leuven (Arenberg), Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 - bus 2443, Heverlee, Leuven 3001, Belgium; OnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - E Lutin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Elektronische Circuits en Systemen (ECS), KU Leuven, Leuven (Arenberg), Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 - bus 2443, Heverlee, Leuven 3001, Belgium; OnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - W De Raedt
- OnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Van Hoof
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Elektronische Circuits en Systemen (ECS), KU Leuven, Leuven (Arenberg), Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 - bus 2443, Heverlee, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Imec Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; OnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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50
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Giorgi A, Ronca V, Vozzi A, Aricò P, Borghini G, Capotorto R, Tamborra L, Simonetti I, Sportiello S, Petrelli M, Polidori C, Varga R, van Gasteren M, Barua A, Ahmed MU, Babiloni F, Di Flumeri G. Neurophysiological mental fatigue assessment for developing user-centered Artificial Intelligence as a solution for autonomous driving. Front Neurorobot 2023; 17:1240933. [PMID: 38107403 PMCID: PMC10721973 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2023.1240933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The human factor plays a key role in the automotive field since most accidents are due to drivers' unsafe and risky behaviors. The industry is now pursuing two main solutions to deal with this concern: in the short term, there is the development of systems monitoring drivers' psychophysical states, such as inattention and fatigue, and in the medium-long term, there is the development of fully autonomous driving. This second solution is promoted by recent technological progress in terms of Artificial Intelligence and sensing systems aimed at making vehicles more and more accurately aware of their "surroundings." However, even with an autonomous vehicle, the driver should be able to take control of the vehicle when needed, especially during the current transition from the lower (SAE < 3) to the highest level (SAE = 5) of autonomous driving. In this scenario, the vehicle has to be aware not only of its "surroundings" but also of the driver's psychophysical state, i.e., a user-centered Artificial Intelligence. The neurophysiological approach is one the most effective in detecting improper mental states. This is particularly true if considering that the more automatic the driving will be, the less available the vehicular data related to the driver's driving style. The present study aimed at employing a holistic approach, considering simultaneously several neurophysiological parameters, in particular, electroencephalographic, electrooculographic, photopletismographic, and electrodermal activity data to assess the driver's mental fatigue in real time and to detect the onset of fatigue increasing. This would ideally work as an information/trigger channel for the vehicle AI. In all, 26 professional drivers were engaged in a 45-min-lasting realistic driving task in simulated conditions, during which the previously listed biosignals were recorded. Behavioral (reaction times) and subjective measures were also collected to validate the experimental design and to support the neurophysiological results discussion. Results showed that the most sensitive and timely parameters were those related to brain activity. To a lesser extent, those related to ocular parameters were also sensitive to the onset of mental fatigue, but with a delayed effect. The other investigated parameters did not significantly change during the experimental session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giorgi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- BrainSigns SRL, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ronca
- BrainSigns SRL, Rome, Italy
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Vozzi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- BrainSigns SRL, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Aricò
- BrainSigns SRL, Rome, Italy
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Borghini
- BrainSigns SRL, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Industrial Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Capotorto
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Industrial Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Tamborra
- BrainSigns SRL, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Industrial Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Simonetti
- BrainSigns SRL, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Industrial Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Sportiello
- Department of Civil Engineering, Computer Science and Aeronautical Technologies, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Enterprise Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Petrelli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Computer Science and Aeronautical Technologies, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Polidori
- Italian Association of Road Safety Professionals (AIPSS), Rome, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Varga
- Instituto Tecnologico de Castilla y Leon, Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Arnab Barua
- Academy for Innovation, Design and Technology, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Mobyen Uddin Ahmed
- Academy for Innovation, Design and Technology, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Fabio Babiloni
- BrainSigns SRL, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Industrial Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gianluca Di Flumeri
- BrainSigns SRL, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Industrial Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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