1
|
Loneliness in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Neglected Factor in Accelerated Aging? JOURNAL OF AGEING AND LONGEVITY 2022; 2:326-339. [PMID: 36567873 PMCID: PMC9783482 DOI: 10.3390/jal2040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that people with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may experience a form of accelerated biological aging. In other populations, loneliness has been shown to elevate risk for many of the same components of accelerated biological aging, and other deleterious outcomes, as seen in people with PTSD. Although standard diagnostic criteria for PTSD include "feelings of detachment or estrangement from others", the relationship of such feelings to the concept of loneliness remains uncertain, in par potentially due to a failure to distinguish between loneliness versus objective social isolation. In order to catalyze wider research attention to loneliness in PTSD, and the potential contribution to accelerated biological aging, the present paper provides three components: (1) a conceptual overview of the relevant constructs and potential interrelationships, (2) a review of the limited extant empirical literature, and (3) suggested directions for future research. The existing empirical literature is too small to support many definitive conclusions, but there is evidence of an association between loneliness and symptoms of PTSD. The nature of this association may be complex, and the causal direction(s) uncertain. Guided by the conceptual overview and review of existing literature, we also highlight key areas for further research. The ultimate goal of this line of work is to elucidate mechanisms underlying any link between loneliness and accelerated aging in PTSD, and to develop, validate, and refine prevention and treatment efforts.
Collapse
|
2
|
Brenner LA, Stearns-Yoder KA, Stamper CE, Hoisington AJ, Brostow DP, Hoffmire CA, Forster JE, Donovan ML, Ryan AT, Postolache TT, Lowry CA. Rationale, design, and methods: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of an immunomodulatory probiotic intervention for Veterans with PTSD. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 28:100960. [PMID: 35812820 PMCID: PMC9260450 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background United States military Veterans from recent conflicts are experiencing symptoms related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Many Veterans are resistant to conventional health and mental health interventions (e.g., medication, psychotherapy). Alternative treatment approaches are needed. An underlying feature of PTSD is exaggerated inflammation, both peripherally and in the central nervous system. This inflammation is thought to play an important role in the vulnerability to, aggravation of, and persistence of PTSD symptoms. Therefore, an innovative intervention strategy would be the use of immunoregulatory/anti-inflammatory probiotics to reduce inflammation. Here we describe the rationale, design, and methods of a randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG; ATCC 53103) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods This is a Phase IIa trial of LGG for United States military Veterans with PTSD, using a longitudinal, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled design. The primary outcome measure is plasma concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Conclusion Despite the fact that symptoms associated with PTSD can be disabling, individuals living with this trauma-related disorder have limited options in terms of evidence-based interventions. Recent research efforts aimed at highlighting the biological mechanisms of PTSD suggest that increased inflammation and altered autonomic nervous system activity may be treatment targets, and that immunoregulatory probiotics, such as LGG, have the potential to decrease trauma-induced inflammatory responses, as well as associated symptoms. This manuscript describes the best powered human subjects Phase IIa trial, to date, of a probiotic intervention for those living with PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Brenner
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States,Corresponding author. VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - Kelly A. Stearns-Yoder
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christopher E. Stamper
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Andrew J. Hoisington
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Systems Engineering & Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, United States
| | - Diana P. Brostow
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Claire A. Hoffmire
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeri E. Forster
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Meghan L. Donovan
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Arthur T. Ryan
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Teodor T. Postolache
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, United States,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States,Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,VISN 5 MIRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gupta S, Guleria RS. Involvement of Nuclear Factor-κB in Inflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132034. [PMID: 35805118 PMCID: PMC9265339 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition which develops either due to stress or witnessing a traumatic situation. PTSD is characterized by acute and chronic stress response exhibit anxiety, fear, and an increased inflammatory etiology. Inflammation contributes a critical role in several parts of the brain that control fear and flashback cognatic function. It is known that impairment of the neurological circuit leads to the development of PTSD. Evidence has suggested that dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory responsiveness are pivotal and a greater risk in PTSD. NF-κB, a master regulator for inflammation, has been showed to modulate memory reconsolidation and synaptic plasticity; however, NF-κB’s association with PTSD remain elusive. In this review, we provide relevant findings regarding NF-κB activity in various components of brain and describe a potential mechanism linking PTSD using preclinical and clinical models. We envisage NF-κB signaling as a crucial mediator for inflammation, cognitive function, memory restoration and behavioral actions of stress and suggest that it could be used for therapeutic intervention in PTSD.
Collapse
|
4
|
Nanoparticle-Mediated Signaling for Aptamer-Based Multiplexed Detection of Cortisol and Neuropeptide Y in Serum. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed profiling of the expression of neurochemical biomarkers of stress, for periodic assessment to enable augmentation of human performance, requires wash-free detection platforms that exhibit reproducible signals from samples in biological matrices. However, alterations in aptamer conformation after binding to targets, such as cortisol, are minimal based on NMR spectra, and the methylene blue signaling is blocked by serum proteins. Hence, in this study, we explore aptamer derivatization with magnetic nanoparticles that are conjugated with multiple methylene blue moieties, to amplify signals and alter the net charge configuration for repulsing serum proteins, so that the aptamer conformation upon target recognition can lead to a signal ON assay in serum media. Based on this, a microchip platform with addressable electrodes that are immobilized with selective aptamer receptors is developed for multiplexed detection of cortisol (1–700 ng/mL) and neuropeptide Y (5–1000 pg/mL) in patient-derived serum samples, which is validated by immunoassays. We envision the application of this sensor for profiling a wider array of human performance biomarkers under stress-related events to develop stress augmentation methodologies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Clouston SAP, Hall CB, Kritikos M, Bennett DA, DeKosky S, Edwards J, Finch C, Kreisl WC, Mielke M, Peskind ER, Raskind M, Richards M, Sloan RP, Spiro A, Vasdev N, Brackbill R, Farfel M, Horton M, Lowe S, Lucchini RG, Prezant D, Reibman J, Rosen R, Seil K, Zeig-Owens R, Deri Y, Diminich ED, Fausto BA, Gandy S, Sano M, Bromet EJ, Luft BJ. Cognitive impairment and World Trade Centre-related exposures. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:103-116. [PMID: 34795448 PMCID: PMC8938977 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
On 11 September 2001 the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York was attacked by terrorists, causing the collapse of multiple buildings including the iconic 110-story 'Twin Towers'. Thousands of people died that day from the collapse of the buildings, fires, falling from the buildings, falling debris, or other related accidents. Survivors of the attacks, those who worked in search and rescue during and after the buildings collapsed, and those working in recovery and clean-up operations were exposed to severe psychological stressors. Concurrently, these 'WTC-affected' individuals breathed and ingested a mixture of organic and particulate neurotoxins and pro-inflammogens generated as a result of the attack and building collapse. Twenty years later, researchers have documented neurocognitive and motor dysfunctions that resemble the typical features of neurodegenerative disease in some WTC responders at midlife. Cortical atrophy, which usually manifests later in life, has also been observed in this population. Evidence indicates that neurocognitive symptoms and corresponding brain atrophy are associated with both physical exposures at the WTC and chronic post-traumatic stress disorder, including regularly re-experiencing traumatic memories of the events while awake or during sleep. Despite these findings, little is understood about the long-term effects of these physical and mental exposures on the brain health of WTC-affected individuals, and the potential for neurocognitive disorders. Here, we review the existing evidence concerning neurological outcomes in WTC-affected individuals, with the aim of contextualizing this research for policymakers, researchers and clinicians and educating WTC-affected individuals and their friends and families. We conclude by providing a rationale and recommendations for monitoring the neurological health of WTC-affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean A P Clouston
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Charles B Hall
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Minos Kritikos
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven DeKosky
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute and Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jerri Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Caleb Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William C Kreisl
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Mielke
- Specialized Center of Research Excellence on Sex Differences, Department of Neurology, Department of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Veteran's Association VISN 20 Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Murray Raskind
- Veteran's Association VISN 20 Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marcus Richards
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard P Sloan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avron Spiro
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), Department of Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Center, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Brackbill
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Farfel
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Lowe
- The World Trade Center Mental Health Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David Prezant
- World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joan Reibman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosen
- World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kacie Seil
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Zeig-Owens
- World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yael Deri
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Erica D Diminich
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bernadette A Fausto
- Center for Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin J Luft
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghosh S, Mohammed Z, Singh I. Bruton's tyrosine kinase drives neuroinflammation and anxiogenic behavior in mouse models of stress. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:289. [PMID: 34895246 PMCID: PMC8665324 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current therapies targeting several neurotransmitter systems are only able to partially mitigate the symptoms of stress- and trauma-related disorder. Stress and trauma-related disorders lead to a prominent inflammatory response in humans, and in pre-clinical models. However, mechanisms underlying the induction of neuroinflammatory response in PTSD and anxiety disorders are not clearly understood. The present study investigated the mechanism underlying the activation of proinflammatory NLRP3 inflammasome and IL1β in mouse models of stress. METHODS We used two mouse models of stress, i.e., mice subjected to physical restraint stress with brief underwater submersion, and predator odor stress. Mice were injected with MCC950, a small molecule specific inhibitor of NLRP3 activation. To pharmacologically inhibit BTK, a specific inhibitor ibrutinib was used. To validate the observation from ibrutinib studies, a separate group of mice was injected with another BTK-specific inhibitor LFM-A13. Seven days after the induction of stress, mice were examined for anxious behavior using open field test (OFT), light-dark test (LDT), and elevated plus maze test (EPM). Following the behavior tests, hippocampus and amygdale were extracted and analyzed for various components of NLRP3-caspase 1-IL1β pathway. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also used to assess the induction of NLRP3-Caspase 1-IL-1β pathway in stressed mice. RESULTS Using two different pre-clinical models of stress, we demonstrate heightened anxious behavior in female mice as compared to their male counterparts. Stressed animals exhibited upregulation of proinflammatory IL1β, IL-6, Caspase 1 activity and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in brain, which were significantly higher in female mice. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation led to anxiolysis as well as attenuated neuroinflammatory response. Further, we observed induction of activated Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), an upstream positive-regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, in hippocampus and amygdala of stressed mice. Next, we conducted proof-of-concept pharmacological BTK inhibitor studies with ibrutinib and LFM-A13. In both sets of experiments, we found BTK inhibition led to anxiolysis and attenuated neuroinflammation, as indicated by significant reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome and proinflammatory IL-1β in hippocampus and amygdala. Analysis of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicated peripheral induction of NLRP3-caspase 1-IL1β pathway in stressed mice. CONCLUSION Our study identified BTK as a key upstream regulator of neuroinflammation, which drives anxiogenic behavior in mouse model of stress. Further, we demonstrated the sexually divergent activation of BTK, providing a clue to heightened neuroinflammation and anxiogenic response to stress in females as compared to their male counterparts. Our data from the pharmacological inhibition studies suggest BTK as a novel target for the development of potential clinical treatment of PTSD and anxiety disorders. Induction of pBTK and NLRP3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of stressed mice suggest the potential effect of stress on systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simantini Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Ashoka University, Rai, India.
| | | | - Itender Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Objective and Measurable Biomarkers in Chronic Subjective Tinnitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126619. [PMID: 34205595 PMCID: PMC8235100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is associated with increased social costs and reduced quality of life through sleep disorders or psychological distress. The pathophysiology of chronic subjective tinnitus, which accounts for most tinnitus, has not been clearly elucidated. This is because chronic subjective tinnitus is difficult to evaluate objectively, and there are no objective markers that represent the diagnosis or therapeutic effect of tinnitus. Based on the results of studies on patients with chronic subjective tinnitus, objective and measurable biomarkers that help to identify the pathophysiology of tinnitus have been summarized. A total of 271 studies in PubMed, 303 in EMBASE, and 45 in Cochrane Library were found on biomarkers related to chronic subjective tinnitus published until April 2021. Duplicate articles, articles not written in English, review articles, case reports, and articles that did not match our topic were excluded. A total of 49 studies were included. Three specimens, including blood, saliva, and urine, and a total of 58 biomarkers were used as indicators for diagnosis, evaluation, prognosis, and therapeutic effectiveness of tinnitus. Biomarkers were classified into eight categories comprising metabolic, hemostatic, inflammatory, endocrine, immunological, neurologic, and oxidative parameters. Biomarkers can help in the diagnosis, measure the severity, predict prognosis, and treatment outcome of tinnitus.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ajdacic-Gross V, Ajdacic L, Xu Y, Müller M, Rodgers S, Wyss C, Olbrich S, Buadze A, Seifritz E, Wagner EYN, Radovanovic D, von Wyl V, Steinemann N, Landolt MA, Castelao E, Strippoli MPF, Gholamrezaee MM, Glaus J, Vandeleur C, Preisig M, von Känel R. Backtracing persistent biomarker shifts to the age of onset: A novel procedure applied to men’s and women’s white blood cell counts in post-traumatic stress disorder. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
9
|
Parade SH, Huffhines L, Daniels TE, Stroud LR, Nugent NR, Tyrka AR. A systematic review of childhood maltreatment and DNA methylation: candidate gene and epigenome-wide approaches. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:134. [PMID: 33608499 PMCID: PMC7896059 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is a major risk factor for chronic and severe mental and physical health problems across the lifespan. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that maltreatment is associated with epigenetic changes that may subsequently serve as mechanisms of disease. The current review uses a systematic approach to identify and summarize the literature related to childhood maltreatment and alterations in DNA methylation in humans. A total of 100 empirical articles were identified in our systematic review of research published prior to or during March 2020, including studies that focused on candidate genes and studies that leveraged epigenome-wide data in both children and adults. Themes arising from the literature, including consistent and inconsistent patterns of results, are presented. Several directions for future research, including important methodological considerations for future study design, are discussed. Taken together, the literature on childhood maltreatment and DNA methylation underscores the complexity of transactions between the environment and biology across development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Parade
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Lindsay Huffhines
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Teresa E Daniels
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura R Stroud
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nicole R Nugent
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Linnstaedt SD, Zannas AS, McLean SA, Koenen KC, Ressler KJ. Literature review and methodological considerations for understanding circulating risk biomarkers following trauma exposure. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1986-1999. [PMID: 31863020 PMCID: PMC7305050 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to traumatic events is common. While many individuals recover following trauma exposure, a substantial subset develop adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) such as posttraumatic stress, major depression, and regional or widespread chronic musculoskeletal pain. APNS cause substantial burden to the individual and to society, causing functional impairment and physical disability, risk for suicide, lost workdays, and increased health care costs. Contemporary treatment is limited by an inability to identify individuals at high risk of APNS in the immediate aftermath of trauma, and an inability to identify optimal treatments for individual patients. Our purpose is to provide a comprehensive review describing candidate blood-based biomarkers that may help to identify those at high risk of APNS and/or guide individual intervention decision-making. Such blood-based biomarkers include circulating biological factors such as hormones, proteins, immune molecules, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, mRNA, and noncoding RNA expression signatures, while we do not review genetic and epigenetic biomarkers due to other recent reviews of this topic. The current state of the literature on circulating risk biomarkers of APNS is summarized, and key considerations and challenges for their discovery and translation are discussed. We also describe the AURORA study, a specific example of current scientific efforts to identify such circulating risk biomarkers and the largest study to date focused on identifying risk and prognostic factors in the aftermath of trauma exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anthony S Zannas
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kritikos M, Gandy S, Meliker JR, Luft BJ, Clouston SAP. Acute versus Chronic Exposures to Inhaled Particulate Matter and Neurocognitive Dysfunction: Pathways to Alzheimer's Disease or a Related Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:871-886. [PMID: 33074229 PMCID: PMC7704925 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 92% of the world's population live in regions where people are regularly exposed to high levels of anthropogenic air pollution. Historically, research on the effects of air pollution have focused extensively on cardiovascular and pulmonary health. However, emerging evidence from animal and human studies has suggested that chronic exposures to air pollution detrimentally change the functioning of the central nervous system with the result being proteinopathy, neurocognitive impairment, and neurodegenerative disease. Case analyses of aging World Trade Center responders suggests that a single severe exposure may also induce a neuropathologic response. The goal of this report was to explore the neuroscientific support for the hypothesis that inhaled particulate matter might cause an Alzheimer's-like neurodegenerative disease, in order to consider proposed mechanisms and latency periods linking inhaled particulate matter and neurodegeneration, and to propose new directions in this line of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minos Kritikos
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaymie R. Meliker
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Luft
- World Trade Center Health and Wellness Program, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sean A. P. Clouston
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Quantification of Neuropeptide Y with Picomolar Sensitivity Enabled by Guided-Mode Resonance Biosensors. SENSORS 2019; 20:s20010126. [PMID: 31878178 PMCID: PMC6982811 DOI: 10.3390/s20010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Assessing levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the human body has many medical uses. Accordingly, we report the quantitative detection of NPY biomarkers applying guided-mode resonance (GMR) biosensor methodology. The label-free sensor operates in the near-infrared spectral region exhibiting distinctive resonance signatures. The interaction of NPY with bioselective molecules on the sensor surface causes spectral shifts that directly identify the binding event without additional processing. In the experiments described here, NPY antibodies are attached to the sensor surface to impart specificity during operation. For the low concentrations of NPY of interest, we apply a sandwich NPY assay in which the sensor-linked anti-NPY molecule binds with NPY that subsequently binds with anti-NPY to close the sandwich. The sandwich assay achieves a detection limit of ~0.1 pM NPY. The photonic sensor methodology applied here enables expeditious high-throughput data acquisition with high sensitivity and specificity. The entire bioreaction is recorded as a function of time, in contrast to label-based methods with single-point detection. The convenient methodology and results reported are significant, as the NPY detection range of 0.1–10 pM demonstrated is useful in important medical circumstances.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Cognitive impairments reported across psychiatric conditions (ie, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder) strongly impair the quality of life of patients and the recovery of those conditions. There is therefore a great need for consideration for cognitive dysfunction in the management of psychiatric disorders. The redundant pattern of cognitive impairments across such conditions suggests possible shared mechanisms potentially leading to their development. Here, we review for the first time the possible role of inflammation in cognitive dysfunctions across psychiatric disorders. Raised inflammatory processes (microglia activation and elevated cytokine levels) across diagnoses could therefore disrupt neurobiological mechanisms regulating cognition, including Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity, neurogenesis, neurotrophic factor, the HPA axis, and the kynurenine pathway. This redundant association between elevated inflammation and cognitive alterations across psychiatric disorders hence suggests that a cross-disorder approach using pharmacological and nonpharmacological (ie, physical activity and nutrition) anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory strategies should be considered in the management of cognition in psychiatry.
Collapse
|
14
|
Nedic Erjavec G, Svob Strac D, Tudor L, Konjevod M, Sagud M, Pivac N. Genetic Markers in Psychiatry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1192:53-93. [PMID: 31705490 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders such as addiction (substance use and addictive disorders), depression, eating disorders, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are severe, complex, multifactorial mental disorders that carry a high social impact, enormous public health costs, and various comorbidities as well as premature morbidity. Their neurobiological foundation is still not clear. Therefore, it is difficult to uncover new set of genes and possible genetic markers of these disorders since the understanding of the molecular imbalance leading to these disorders is not complete. The integrative approach is needed which will combine genomics and epigenomics; evaluate epigenetic influence on genes and their influence on neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and hormones; examine gene × gene and gene × environment interplay; and identify abnormalities contributing to development of these disorders. Therefore, novel genetic approaches based on systems biology focused on improvement of the identification of the biological underpinnings might offer genetic markers of addiction, depression, eating disorders, schizophrenia, and PTSD. These markers might be used for early prediction, detection of the risk to develop these disorders, novel subtypes of the diseases and tailored, personalized approach to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu X, Clément P, Eklöf-Österberg J, Kelley-Loughnane N, Moth-Poulsen K, Chávez JL, Palma M. Reconfigurable Carbon Nanotube Multiplexed Sensing Devices. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4130-4135. [PMID: 29923734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here we report on the fabrication of reconfigurable and solution processable nanoscale biosensors with multisensing capability, based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Distinct DNA-wrapped (hence water-soluble) CNTs were immobilized from solution onto different prepatterned electrodes on the same chip, via a low-cost dielectrophoresis (DEP) methodology. The CNTs were functionalized with specific, and different, aptamer sequences that were employed as selective recognition elements for biomarkers indicative of stress and neuro-trauma conditions. Multiplexed detection of three different biomarkers was successfully performed, and real-time detection was achieved in serum down to physiologically relevant concentrations of 50 nM, 10 nM, and 500 pM for cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), and neuropeptide Y (NPY), respectively. Additionally, the fabricated nanoscale devices were shown to be reconfigurable and reusable via a simple cleaning procedure. The general applicability of the strategy presented, and the facile device fabrication from aqueous solution, hold great potential for the development of the next generation of low power consumption portable diagnostic assays for the simultaneous monitoring of different health parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhao Xu
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, and Materials Research Institute , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Pierrick Clément
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, and Materials Research Institute , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Johnas Eklöf-Österberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , 412 96 , Sweden
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , 412 96 , Sweden
| | - Jorge L Chávez
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Matteo Palma
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, and Materials Research Institute , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London , E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nievergelt CM, Ashley-Koch AE, Dalvie S, Hauser MA, Morey RA, Smith AK, Uddin M. Genomic Approaches to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Psychiatric Genomic Consortium Initiative. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:831-839. [PMID: 29555185 PMCID: PMC5915904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after exposure to a traumatic event is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder. Heritability estimates from twin studies as well as from recent molecular data (single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability) indicate moderate to high heritability, yet robust genetic variants for PTSD have not yet been identified and the genetic architecture of this polygenic disorder remains largely unknown. To date, fewer than 10 large-scale genome-wide association studies of PTSD have been published, with findings that highlight the unique challenges for PTSD genomics, including a complex diagnostic entity with contingency of PTSD diagnosis on trauma exposure and the large genetic diversity of the study populations. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium PTSD group has brought together more than 200 scientists with the goal to increase sample size for genome-wide association studies and other genomic analyses to sufficient numbers where robust discoveries of molecular signatures can be achieved. The sample currently includes more than 32,000 PTSD cases and 100,000 trauma-exposed control subjects, and collection is ongoing. The first results found a significant shared genetic risk of PTSD with other psychiatric disorders and sex-biased heritability estimates with higher heritability in female individuals compared with male individuals. This review describes the scope and current focus of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium PTSD group and its expansion from the initial genome-wide association study group to nine working groups, including epigenetics, gene expression, imaging, and integrative systems biology. We further briefly outline recent findings and future directions of "omics"-based studies of PTSD, with the ultimate goal of elucidating the molecular architecture of this complex disorder to improve prevention and intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Nievergelt
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health
| | | | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 7925
| | - Michael A. Hauser
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC 27710, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Emory University, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,Emory University, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences
| | - Monica Uddin
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology,University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Purpose of Review Traumatic stress has profound impacts on many domains of life, yet the mechanisms that confer risk for or resilience to the development of traumatic stress-related psychopathologies are still very much under investigation. The current review highlights recent developments in the field of traumatic stress epigenetics in humans. Recent Findings Recent results reveal traumatic stress-related epigenetic dysregulation in neural, endocrine, and immune system genes and associated networks. Emerging work combining imaging with epigenetic measures holds promise for addressing the correspondence between peripheral and central effects of traumatic stress. A growing literature is also documenting the transgenerational effects of prenatal stress exposures in humans. Summary Moving forward, increasing focus on epigenetic marks of traumatic stress in CNS tissue will create a clearer picture of the relevance of peripheral measures; PTSD brain banks will help in this regard. Similarly, leveraging multigenerational birth cohort data will do much to clarify the extent of transgenerational epigenetic effects of traumatic stress. Greater efforts should be made towards developing prospective studies with longitudinal design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Pfeiffer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leon Mutesa
- Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Monica Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Prediction of Possible Biomarkers and Novel Pathways Conferring Risk to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168404. [PMID: 27997584 PMCID: PMC5172609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the common mental ailments that is triggered by exposure to traumatic events. Till date, the molecular factors conferring risk to the development of PTSD is not well understood. In this study, we have conducted a meta-analysis followed by hierarchical clustering and functional enrichment, to uncover the potential molecular networks and critical genes which play an important role in PTSD. Two datasets of expression profiles from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from 62 control samples and 63 PTSD samples were included in our study. In PTSD samples of GSE860 dataset, we identified 26 genes informative when compared with Post-deploy PTSD condition and 58 genes informative when compared with Pre-deploy and Post-deploy PTSD of GSE63878 dataset. We conducted the meta-analysis using Fisher, roP, Stouffer, AW, SR, PR and RP methods in MetaDE package. Results from the rOP method of MetaDE package showed that among these genes, the following showed significant changes including, OR2B6, SOX21, MOBP, IL15, PTPRK, PPBPP2 and SEC14L5. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of these significant PTSD-related genes for cell proliferation, DNA damage and repair (p-value ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, interaction network analysis was performed on these 7 significant genes. This analysis revealed highly connected functional interaction networks with two candidate genes, IL15 and SEC14L5 highly enriched in networks. Overall, from these results, we concluded that these genes can be recommended as some of the potential targets for PTSD.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fernandez RE, Sanghavi BJ, Farmehini V, Chávez JL, Hagen J, Kelley-Loughnane N, Chou CF, Swami NS. Aptamer-functionalized graphene-gold nanocomposites for label-free detection of dielectrophoretic-enriched neuropeptide Y. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
20
|
Lowry CA, Smith DG, Siebler PH, Schmidt D, Stamper CE, Hassell JE, Yamashita PS, Fox JH, Reber SO, Brenner LA, Hoisington AJ, Postolache TT, Kinney KA, Marciani D, Hernandez M, Hemmings SMJ, Malan-Muller S, Wright KP, Knight R, Raison CL, Rook GAW. The Microbiota, Immunoregulation, and Mental Health: Implications for Public Health. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 3:270-86. [PMID: 27436048 PMCID: PMC5763918 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hygiene or "Old Friends" hypothesis proposes that the epidemic of inflammatory disease in modern urban societies stems at least in part from reduced exposure to microbes that normally prime mammalian immunoregulatory circuits and suppress inappropriate inflammation. Such diseases include but are not limited to allergies and asthma; we and others have proposed that the markedly reduced exposure to these Old Friends in modern urban societies may also increase vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disorders and stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and affective disorders, where data are emerging in support of inflammation as a risk factor. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the potential for Old Friends, including environmental microbial inputs, to modify risk for inflammatory disease, with a focus on neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions. We highlight potential mechanisms, involving bacterially derived metabolites, bacterial antigens, and helminthic antigens, through which these inputs promote immunoregulation. Though findings are encouraging, significant human subjects' research is required to evaluate the potential impact of Old Friends, including environmental microbial inputs, on biological signatures and clinically meaningful mental health prevention and intervention outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA.
| | - David G Smith
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Philip H Siebler
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Dominic Schmidt
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Christopher E Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - James E Hassell
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Paula S Yamashita
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - James H Fox
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Denver, CO, 80220, USA
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO, 80840, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Rocky Mountain MIRECC, Denver, CO, 80220, USA
- VISN 5 MIRECC, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kerry A Kinney
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Mark Hernandez
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Sian M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Stefanie Malan-Muller
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Charles L Raison
- School of Human Ecology and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Graham A W Rook
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, UCL (University College London), WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Minocycline attenuates interferon-α-induced impairments in rat fear extinction. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:172. [PMID: 27357391 PMCID: PMC4928293 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extinction of conditioned fear is an important brain function for animals to adapt to a new environment. Accumulating evidence suggests that innate immune cytokines are involved in the pathology of psychotic disorders. However, the involvement of cytokines in fear dysregulation remains less investigated. In the present study, we investigated how interferon (IFN)-α disrupts the extinction of conditioned fear and propose an approach to rescue IFN-α-induced neurologic impairment. Methods We used a rat model of auditory fear conditioning to study the effect of IFN-α on the fear memory process. IFN-α was infused directly into the amygdala of rats and examined the rats’ behavioral response (freezing) to fear-conditioned stimuli. Immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the glia activity status of glia in the amygdala. The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the amygdala were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also administrated minocycline, a microglial activation inhibitor, before the IFN-α infusion to testify the possibility to reverse the IFN-α-induced effects. Results Infusing the amygdala with IFN-α impaired the extinction of conditioned fear in rats and activated microglia and astrocytes in the amygdala. Administering minocycline prevented IFN-α from impairing fear extinction. The immunohistochemical and biochemical results show that minocycline inhibited IFN-α-induced microglial activation and reduced IL-1β and TNF-α production. Conclusions Our findings suggest that IFN-α disrupts the extinction of auditory fear by activating glia in the amygdala and provides direction for clinical studies of novel treatments to modulate the innate immune system in patients with psychotic disorders.
Collapse
|
22
|
Watson IPB, Brüne M, Bradley AJ. The evolution of the molecular response to stress and its relevance to trauma and stressor-related disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:134-147. [PMID: 27216210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The experience of "stress", in its broadest meaning, is an inevitable part of life. All living creatures have evolved multiple mechanisms to deal with such threats and challenges and to avoid damage to the organism that may be incurred from these stress responses. Trauma and stressor-related disorders are psychiatric conditions that are caused specifically by the experience of stress, though depression, anxiety and some other disorders may also be unleashed by stress. Stress, however, is not a mandatory criterion of these diagnoses. This article focuses on the evolution of the neurochemicals involved in the response to stress and the systems in which they function. This includes the skin and gut, and the immune system. Evidence suggests that responses to stress are evolutionarily highly conserved, have wider involvement than the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal stress axis alone, and that excessive stress responses can produce stressor-related disorders in both humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Burges Watson
- University of Tasmania, Department of Psychiatry, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Martin Brüne
- LWL University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
| | - Adrian J Bradley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Quiñones MM, Maldonado L, Velazquez B, Porter JT. Candesartan ameliorates impaired fear extinction induced by innate immune activation. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 52:169-177. [PMID: 26520214 PMCID: PMC4715962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) tend to show signs of a relatively increased inflammatory state suggesting that activation of the immune system may contribute to the development of PTSD. In the present study, we tested whether activation of the innate immune system can disrupt acquisition or recall of auditory fear extinction using an animal model of PTSD. Male adolescent rats received auditory fear conditioning in context A. The next day, an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 μg/kg) prior to auditory fear extinction in context B impaired acquisition and recall of extinction. LPS (100 μg/kg) given after extinction training did not impair extinction recall suggesting that LPS did not affect consolidation of extinction. In contrast to cued fear extinction, contextual fear extinction was not affected by prior injection of LPS (100 μg/kg). Although LPS also reduced locomotion, we could dissociate the effects of LPS on extinction and locomotion by using a lower dose of LPS (50 μg/kg) which impaired locomotion without affecting extinction. In addition, 15 h after an injection of 250 μg/kg LPS in adult rats, extinction learning and recall were impaired without affecting locomotion. A sub-chronic treatment with candesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, prevented the LPS-induced impairment of extinction in adult rats. Our results demonstrate that activation of the innate immune system can disrupt auditory fear extinction in adolescent and adult animals. These findings also provide direction for clinical studies of novel treatments that modulate the innate immune system for stress-related disorders like PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lizette Maldonado
- Dept of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Bethzaly Velazquez
- Dept. of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - James T. Porter
- Dept. of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Eve DJ, Steele MR, Sanberg PR, Borlongan CV. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a potential treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder associated with traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2689-2705. [PMID: 27799776 PMCID: PMC5077240 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) describes the presence of physical damage to the brain as a consequence of an insult and frequently possesses psychological and neurological symptoms depending on the severity of the injury. The recent increased military presence of US troops in Iraq and Afghanistan has coincided with greater use of improvised exploding devices, resulting in many returning soldiers suffering from some degree of TBI. A biphasic response is observed which is first directly injury-related, and second due to hypoxia, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation. A proportion of the returning soldiers also suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and in some cases, this may be a consequence of TBI. Effective treatments are still being identified, and a possible therapeutic candidate is hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Some clinical trials have been performed which suggest benefits with regard to survival and disease severity of TBI and/or PTSD, while several other studies do not see any improvement compared to a possibly poorly controlled sham. HBOT has been shown to reduce apoptosis, upregulate growth factors, promote antioxidant levels, and inhibit inflammatory cytokines in animal models, and hence, it is likely that HBOT could be advantageous in treating at least the secondary phase of TBI and PTSD. There is some evidence of a putative prophylactic or preconditioning benefit of HBOT exposure in animal models of brain injury, and the optimal time frame for treatment is yet to be determined. HBOT has potential side effects such as acute cerebral toxicity and more reactive oxygen species with long-term use, and therefore, optimizing exposure duration to maximize the reward and decrease the detrimental effects of HBOT is necessary. This review provides a summary of the current understanding of HBOT as well as suggests future directions including prophylactic use and chronic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Eve
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine
| | - Martin R Steele
- Veterans Reintegration Steering Committee, Veterans Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul R Sanberg
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Falcone T, Janigro D, Lovell R, Simon B, Brown CA, Herrera M, Myint AM, Anand A. S100B blood levels and childhood trauma in adolescent inpatients. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 62:14-22. [PMID: 25669696 PMCID: PMC4413930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum levels of the astrocytic protein S100B have been reported to indicate disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we investigated the relationship between S100B levels and childhood trauma in a child psychiatric inpatient unit. METHOD Levels of S100B were measured in a group of youth with mood disorders or psychosis with and without history of childhood trauma as well as in healthy controls. Study participants were 93 inpatient adolescents admitted with a diagnosis of psychosis (N = 67), or mood disorder (N = 26) and 22 healthy adolescents with no history of trauma or psychiatric illness. Childhood trauma was documented using the Life Events Checklist (LEC) and Adverse Child Experiences (ACE). RESULTS In a multivariate regression model, suicidality scores and trauma were the only two variables which were independently related to serum S100B levels. Patients with greater levels of childhood trauma had significantly higher S100B levels even after controlling for intensity of suicidal ideation. Patients with psychotic diagnoses and mood disorders did not significantly differ in their levels of S100B. Patients exposed to childhood trauma were significantly more likely to have elevated levels of S100B (p < .001) than patients without trauma, and patients with trauma had significantly higher S100B levels (p < .001) when compared to the control group. LEC (p = 0.046), and BPRS-C suicidality scores (p = 0.001) significantly predicted S100B levels. CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma can potentially affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier as indicated by associated increased S100B levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Falcone
- Cleveland Clinic, Neurologic Institute, Department of Neurology, 9500 Euclid Avenue, S60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic, Neurologic Institute, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Damir Janigro
- Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine, Cerebrovascular Research NB-20 LRI, 9600 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Rachel Lovell
- Begun Center for Violence Prevention Research and Education, Case Western Reserve University, 11402 Bellflower Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-7167, USA.
| | - Barry Simon
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Charles A. Brown
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mariela Herrera
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Aye Mu Myint
- Laboratory for Psychoneuroimmunology, Psychiatric Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse, 780336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Amit Anand
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavioral Health, 9500 Euclid Avenue P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Immune System Related Markers: Changes in childhood Neuropsychiatry Disorders Cause and Consequence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13602-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
27
|
Sipahi L, Wildman DE, Aiello AE, Koenen KC, Galea S, Abbas A, Uddin M. Longitudinal epigenetic variation of DNA methyltransferase genes is associated with vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol Med 2014; 44:3165-79. [PMID: 25065861 PMCID: PMC4530981 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic differences exist between trauma-exposed individuals with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is unclear whether these epigenetic differences pre-exist, or arise following, trauma and PTSD onset. METHOD In pre- and post-trauma samples from a subset of Detroit Neighborhood Health Study participants, DNA methylation (DNAm) was measured at DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L. Pre-trauma DNAm differences and changes in DNAm from pre- to post-trauma were assessed between and within PTSD cases (n = 30) and age-, gender- and trauma exposure-matched controls (n = 30). Pre-trauma DNAm was tested for association with post-trauma symptom severity (PTSS) change. Potential functional consequences of DNAm differences were explored via bioinformatic search for putative transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). RESULTS DNMT1 DNAm increased following trauma in PTSD cases (p = 0.001), but not controls (p = 0.067). DNMT3A and DNMT3B DNAm increased following trauma in both cases (DNMT3A: p = 0.009; DNMT3B: p < 0.001) and controls (DNMT3A: p = 0.002; DNMT3B: p < 0.001). In cases only, pre-trauma DNAm was lower at a DNMT3B CpG site that overlaps with a TFBS involved in epigenetic regulation (p = 0.001); lower pre-trauma DNMT3B DNAm at this site was predictive of worsening of PTSS post-trauma (p = 0.034). Some effects were attenuated following correction for multiple hypothesis testing. CONCLUSIONS DNAm among trauma-exposed individuals shows both longitudinal changes and pre-existing epigenetic states that differentiate individuals who are resilient versus susceptible to PTSD. These distinctive DNAm differences within DNMT loci may contribute to genome-wide epigenetic profiles of PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levent Sipahi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Derek E. Wildman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Allison E. Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Sandro Galea
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Asad Abbas
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Monica Uddin
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lindqvist D, Wolkowitz OM, Mellon S, Yehuda R, Flory JD, Henn-Haase C, Bierer LM, Abu-Amara D, Coy M, Neylan TC, Makotkine I, Reus VI, Yan X, Taylor NM, Marmar CR, Dhabhar FS. Proinflammatory milieu in combat-related PTSD is independent of depression and early life stress. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 42:81-8. [PMID: 24929195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation may be involved in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may help explain comorbid physical diseases. However, the extent to which combat exposure per se, depression, or early life trauma, all of which are associated with combat PTSD, may confound the relationship between PTSD and inflammation is unclear. METHODS We quantified interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in 51 combat-exposed males with PTSD and 51 combat-exposed males without PTSD, and assessed PTSD and depression severity as well as history of early life trauma. To decrease the possibility of Type I errors, we summed standardized scores of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IFNγ and CRP into a total "pro-inflammatory score". PTSD symptom severity was assessed with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) rating scale. RESULTS Subjects with PTSD had significantly higher pro-inflammatory scores compared to combat-exposed subjects without PTSD (p=0.006), and even after controlling for early life trauma, depression diagnosis and severity, body mass index, ethnicity, education, asthma/allergies, time since combat and the use of possibly confounding medications (p=0.002). Within the PTSD group, the pro-inflammatory score was not significantly correlated with depressive symptom severity, CAPS total score, or with the number of early life traumas. CONCLUSIONS Combat-related PTSD in males is associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, even after accounting for depression and early life trauma. These results, from one of the largest studies of inflammatory cytokines in PTSD to date, suggest that immune activation may be a core element of PTSD pathophysiology more so than a signature of combat exposure alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Synthia Mellon
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, NY, United States
| | - Janine D Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, NY, United States
| | - Clare Henn-Haase
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, NYU, NY, United States
| | - Linda M Bierer
- Department of Psychiatry, MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, NY, United States
| | - Duna Abu-Amara
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, NYU, NY, United States
| | - Michelle Coy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Iouri Makotkine
- Department of Psychiatry, MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, NY, United States
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Xiaodan Yan
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, NYU, NY, United States
| | - Nicole M Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Charles R Marmar
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, NYU, NY, United States.
| | - Firdaus S Dhabhar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Szczepek AJ, Haupt H, Klapp BF, Olze H, Mazurek B. Biological correlates of tinnitus-related distress: an exploratory study. Hear Res 2014; 318:23-30. [PMID: 25445818 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
During the process of tinnitus diagnostics, various psychometric instruments are used to measure tinnitus-related distress. The aim of present work was to explore whether candidates for biological correlates of the tinnitus-related distress could be found in peripheral blood of patients and if so, whether there was association between them and psychometric scores that reflect tinnitus-related distress. The concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL1β), interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and a brain-derived neutrotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured in serum of 30 patients diagnosed with chronic tinnitus and tested for correlation with psychometric scores collected on the same day. Spearman's correlation analyses detected significant positive association between the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α and tinnitus loudness, total perceived stress, tension and depression and a negative association between tumor necrosis factor α and a psychometric score "joy". Concentrations of interleukin-1β correlated with the awareness grade of tinnitus. The correlation between visual analogue scale (VAS) "loudness" and tumor necrosis factor α as well as between "joy" and tumor necrosis factor α retained their significance (p < 0.00167) after the application of Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Partial correlations removing the effects of age, hearing loss and the duration of tinnitus verified the results obtained using Spearman correlation. We conclude that measuring the concentrations of selected circulating cytokines could possibly become an additional objective element of tinnitus diagnostics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Szczepek
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidemarie Haupt
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Tinnitus Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burghard F Klapp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidi Olze
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Charité Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Mazurek
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Tinnitus Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jergović M, Tomičević M, Vidović A, Bendelja K, Savić A, Vojvoda V, Rac D, Lovrić-Čavar D, Rabatić S, Jovanovic T, Sabioncello A. Telomere shortening and immune activity in war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:275-83. [PMID: 24977331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that chronic stress accelerates telomere erosion in leukocytes/peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). However, functional changes associated with telomere shortening are poorly understood. We hypothesized that war veterans with PTSD would have shorter telomeres in PBMCs and that these cells might exhibit changes in measures of immune reactivity such as proliferation, cytokine production and expression of regulators of immune responses. METHODS We measured relative telomere length and basal telomerase activity in PBMCs of 62 individuals (PTSD patients (N=30); age-matched healthy controls (N=17), elderly volunteers (N=15)). In parallel, we have assessed proliferation of activated T cells, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 cytokine production and expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand PD-L1 on activated T cells. RESULTS Middle-aged war veterans with current PTSD had shorter PBMC telomere length than their age-matched healthy controls while the elderly had the shortest telomeres. There was no difference in telomerase activity between PTSD patients and healthy controls while telomerase activity was significantly lower in the elderly. While the elderly group exhibited robust changes in immune activity such as increased production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and reduced proliferation of all T cells, the PTSD group showed reduced proliferative response of CD8(+) T cells to high concentrations of mitogen and reduced spontaneous production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the accumulating evidence that psychological trauma and chronic stress are associated with accelerated telomere attrition. However, changes in immune function associated with stress-related telomere shortening are not well understood. Although much less pronounced in PTSD patients than in elderly persons, reduced proliferative responses of T cells accompanied by shorter telomeres might be a sign of early immunosenescence. Together with reduced production of Th1 cytokines, observed immune changes may contribute to health risks associated with PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Jergović
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Tomičević
- Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | | | - Krešo Bendelja
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Savić
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerija Vojvoda
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dijana Rac
- Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | | | - Sabina Rabatić
- Institute of Immunology, Department for Cellular Immunology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Emory University, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ante Sabioncello
- Institute of Immunology, Department for Cellular Immunology, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Balakathiresan NS, Chandran R, Bhomia M, Jia M, Li H, Maheshwari RK. Serum and amygdala microRNA signatures of posttraumatic stress: fear correlation and biomarker potential. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 57:65-73. [PMID: 24998397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to acute traumatic stress can cause permanent changes in neurological circuitry and may lead to the development of an anxiety disorder known as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Current diagnosis of PTSD is based on clinical or behavioral symptom assessment, however, these are not definitive due to overlapping symptoms with other psychiatric disorders or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). No FDA approved diagnostic tests or biomarkers are currently available for diagnosis of PTSD. Recently, circulating miRNAs have emerged as novel biomarkers of many diseases. In this study, we have examined the altered expression of serum and amygdala miRNAs in an animal model of PTSD. Differentially expressed and statistically significant miRNAs in serum were validated for their presence in amygdala of corresponding animals. A panel of nine stress-responsive miRNAs viz., miR-142-5p, miR-19b, miR-1928, miR-223-3p, miR-322∗, miR-324, miR-421-3p and miR-463∗ and miR-674∗ were identified, and may have potential as biomarker(s) for PTSD. Further validations by bioinformatics and system biology approaches indicate that five miRNAs such as miR-142-5p, miR-19b, miR-1928, miR-223 and miR-421-3p may play a potential role in the regulation of genes associated with delayed and exaggerated fear. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the plausibility of using circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja S Balakathiresan
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Raghavendar Chandran
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Biological Sciences Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manish Bhomia
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - He Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Radha K Maheshwari
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bruenig D, White MJ, Young RM, Voisey J. Subclinical psychotic experiences in healthy young adults: associations with stress and genetic predisposition. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:683-9. [PMID: 25184405 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress has been identified as a common trigger for psychosis. Dopamine pathways are suggested to be affected by chronic and severe stress and to play an important role in psychosis. This pilot study investigates the potential relationship of stress and psychosis in subclinical psychotic experiences. It was hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously found to be associated with psychiatric disorders would be associated with both stress and subclinical psychotic experiences. University students (N=182) were genotyped for 17 SNPs across 11 genes. Higher stress reporting was associated with rs4680 COMT, rs13211507 HLA region, and rs13107325 SLC39A8. Reports of higher subclinical psychotic experiences were associated with DRD2 SNPs rs17601612 and rs658986 and an AKT1 SNP rs2494732. Replication studies are recommended to further pursue this line of research for identification of markers of psychosis for early diagnosis and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Bruenig
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
When time stands still: an integrative review on the role of chronodisruption in posttraumatic stress disorder. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2014; 27:385-92. [PMID: 25023884 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The human circadian system creates and maintains cellular and systemic rhythmicity essential to homeostasis. Loss of circadian rhythmicity fundamentally affects the neuroendocrine, immune and autonomic system, similar to chronic stress and, thus, may play a central role in the development of stress-related disorders. This article focuses on the role of circadian misalignment in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). RECENT FINDINGS Sleep disruption is a core feature of PTSD supporting the important supraordinate pathophysiological role of circadian system in PTSD. Furthermore, direct and indirect human and animal PTSD research suggests circadian system linked neuroendocrine, immune, metabolic and autonomic dysregulation with blunted diurnal rhythms, specific sleep pattern pathologies and cognitive deficits, as well as endocannabinoid and neuropeptide Y system alterations and altered circadian gene expression, linking circadian misalignment to PTSD pathophysiology. SUMMARY PTSD development is associated with chronodisruption findings. Evaluation and treatment of sleep and circadian disruption should be the first steps in PTSD management. State-of-the-art methods of circadian rhythm assessment should be applied to bridge the gap between clinical significance and limited understanding of the relationship between traumatic stress, sleep and circadian system.
Collapse
|
34
|
Epinephrine enhances the response of macrophages under LPS stimulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:254686. [PMID: 25243125 PMCID: PMC4160625 DOI: 10.1155/2014/254686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trauma associated with infection may directly trigger a neuroendocrine reaction in vivo while the hormone epinephrine is known to mediate immune responses to inflammation after injury. However, the role of epinephrine during the earliest stage of trauma still remains unclear. We therefore explored the role of epinephrine on activated macrophages under LPS stimulation in vitro as well as the mechanisms underlying its effect. Dose- and time-dependent effects of epinephrine on macrophage immune function were assessed after LPS activation. We also employed CD14 siRNA interference to investigate whether CD14 played a role in the mechanism underlying the effect of epinephrine on LPS-induced macrophage responses. Our results showed that epinephrine pretreatment (10 ng/mL) significantly promoted immune responses from LPS stimulated macrophages, including phagocytic rate, phagocytic index, TNFα/IL-1β/IL-10 secretion, and CD14 expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, TNFα/IL-1β/IL-10 levels attained their peak value 1 hour after incubation with 10 ng/mL epinephrine (P < 0.05), and CD14 siRNA transfection dramatically decreased phagocytosis and cytokine secretion by LPS-activated macrophages (P < 0.05). We therefore conclude that 10 ng/mL epinephrine enhances immune responses from macrophages under LPS stimulation and that the underlying mechanism may relate to CD14 upregulation on the surface of macrophages.
Collapse
|
35
|
Association of trauma exposure with proinflammatory activity: a transdiagnostic meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e413. [PMID: 25050993 PMCID: PMC4119223 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to psychological trauma (for example, childhood/early life adversity, exposure to violence or assault, combat exposure, accidents or natural disasters) is known to increase one's risk of developing certain chronic medical conditions. Clinical and population studies provide evidence of systemic inflammatory activity in trauma survivors with various psychiatric and nonpsychiatric conditions. This transdiagnostic meta-analysis quantitatively integrates the literature on the relationship of inflammatory biomarkers to trauma exposure and related symptomatology. We conducted random effects meta-analyses relating trauma exposure to log-transformed inflammatory biomarker concentrations, using meta-regression models to test the effects of study quality and psychiatric symptomatology on the inflammatory outcomes. Across k=36 independent samples and n=14,991 participants, trauma exposure was positively associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (mean rs =0.2455, 0.3067, 0.2890, and 0.2998, respectively). No significant relationships were noted with fibrinogen, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, or IL-10. In meta-regression models, the presence of psychiatric symptoms was a significant predictor of increased effect sizes for IL-1β and IL-6 (β=1.0175 and 0.3568, respectively), whereas study quality assessment scores were associated with increased effect sizes for IL-6 (β=0.3812). Positive correlations between inflammation and trauma exposure across a range of sample types and diagnoses were found. Although reviewed studies spanned an array of populations, research on any one specific psychiatric diagnosis was generally limited to one or two studies. The results suggest that chronic inflammation likely represents one potential mechanism underlying risk of health problems in trauma survivors.
Collapse
|
36
|
Re-establishment of anxiety in stress-sensitized mice is caused by monocyte trafficking from the spleen to the brain. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:970-81. [PMID: 24439304 PMCID: PMC4084643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent anxiety-like symptoms may have an inflammatory-related pathophysiology. Our previous work using repeated social defeat (RSD) in mice showed that recruitment of peripheral myeloid cells to the brain is required for the development of anxiety. Here, we aimed to determine if 1) RSD promotes prolonged anxiety through redistribution of myeloid cells and 2) prior exposure to RSD sensitizes the neuroimmune axis to secondary subthreshold stress. METHODS Mice were subjected to RSD and several immune and behavioral parameters were determined .5, 8, or 24 days later. In follow-up studies, control and RSD mice were subjected to subthreshold stress at 24 days. RESULTS Repeated social defeat-induced macrophage recruitment to the brain corresponded with development and maintenance of anxiety-like behavior 8 days after RSD, but neither remained at 24 days. Nonetheless, social avoidance and an elevated neuroinflammatory profile were maintained at 24 days. Subthreshold social defeat in RSD-sensitized mice increased peripheral macrophage trafficking to the brain that promoted re-establishment of anxiety. Moreover, subthreshold social defeat increased social avoidance in RSD-sensitized mice compared with naïve mice. Stress-induced monocyte trafficking was linked to redistribution of myeloid progenitor cells in the spleen. Splenectomy before subthreshold stress attenuated macrophage recruitment to the brain and prevented anxiety-like behavior in RSD-sensitized mice. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that monocyte trafficking from the spleen to the brain contributes re-establishment of anxiety in stress-sensitized mice. These findings show that neuroinflammatory mechanisms promote mood disturbances following stress-sensitization and outline novel neuroimmune interactions that underlie recurring anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder.
Collapse
|
37
|
Plasma levels of high mobility group box 1 increase in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder after severe blunt chest trauma: a prospective cohort study. J Surg Res 2014; 193:308-15. [PMID: 25016440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a key late mediator of systemic inflammation, is a potentially useful biomarker for predicting outcome in patients with severe blunt chest trauma. The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between plasma levels of HMGB1 and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with severe blunt chest trauma. METHODS All patients with severe blunt chest trauma (abbreviated injury score ≥3) who were admitted to traumatic surgery department and ultimately survived to follow-up at 6 mo were eligible for the study. HMGB1 was sampled every other day from day 1-day 7 after admission, and plasma concentrations of HMGB1 were measured by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Multivariate regression analysis was used to define the independent contribution of possible risk factors selected by univariate analysis. RESULTS PTSD was identified in 43 patients including acute PTSD (n = 21), chronic PTSD (n = 18), and delayed-onset PTSD (n = 4) after 6-mo follow-up, in whom significant higher plasma levels of HMGB1 on days three, five, and seven after blunt chest trauma were noted compared with those seen in patients without PTSD (n = 10). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that transfusion, injury severity score, and HMGB1 levels at day 7 were the valuable risk factors for PTSD. CONCLUSIONS In blunt chest trauma, plasma HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in patients with PTSD compared with patients with non-PTSD. Our data indicate that patients with high plasma levels of HMGB1 may be more prone to develop PTSD including acute and chronic PTSD.
Collapse
|
38
|
Kielian T. Neuroinflammation: good, bad, or indifferent? J Neurochem 2014; 130:1-3. [PMID: 24861635 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sanghavi BJ, Varhue W, Chávez JL, Chou CF, Swami NS. Electrokinetic Preconcentration and Detection of Neuropeptides at Patterned Graphene-Modified Electrodes in a Nanochannel. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4120-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500155g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bankim J. Sanghavi
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Walter Varhue
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jorge L. Chávez
- Human
Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Chia-Fu Chou
- Institute
of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Nathan S. Swami
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li J, Tang G, Cheng K, Yang D, Chen G, Liu Z, Zhang R, Zhou J, Fang L, Fang Z, Du X, Xie P. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based metabolomic profiling of a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model of depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:2994-3001. [PMID: 25182291 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mood disorder with various etiopathological hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute of Neuroscience
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ge Tang
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute of Neuroscience
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Deyu Yang
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Institute of Neuroscience
- Chongqing Medical University
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rufang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine
- the Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing
- , China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute of Neuroscience
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiangyu Du
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute of Neuroscience
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402460, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology
- Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yao JK, Dougherty GG, Reddy RD, Matson WR, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Keshavan MS. Associations between purine metabolites and monoamine neurotransmitters in first-episode psychosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:90. [PMID: 23781173 PMCID: PMC3678099 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a biochemically complex disorder characterized by widespread defects in multiple metabolic pathways whose dynamic interactions, until recently, have been difficult to examine. Rather, evidence for these alterations has been collected piecemeal, limiting the potential to inform our understanding of the interactions amongst relevant biochemical pathways. We herein review perturbations in purine and neurotransmitter metabolism observed in early SZ using a metabolomic approach. Purine catabolism is an underappreciated, but important component of the homeostatic response of mitochondria to oxidant stress. We have observed a homeostatic imbalance of purine catabolism in first-episode neuroleptic-naïve patients with SZ (FENNS). Precursor and product relationships within purine pathways are tightly correlated. Although some of these correlations persist across disease or medication status, others appear to be lost among FENNS suggesting that steady formation of the antioxidant uric acid (UA) via purine catabolism is altered early in the course of illness. As is the case for within-pathway correlations, there are also significant cross-pathway correlations between respective purine and tryptophan (TRP) pathway metabolites. By contrast, purine metabolites show significant cross-pathway correlation only with tyrosine, and not with its metabolites. Furthermore, several purine metabolites (UA, guanosine, or xanthine) are each significantly correlated with 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in healthy controls, but not in FENNS at baseline or 4-week after antipsychotic treatment. Taken together, the above findings suggest that purine catabolism strongly associates with the TRP pathways leading to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and kynurenine metabolites. The lack of a significant correlation between purine metabolites and 5-HIAA, suggests alterations in key 5-HT pathways that may both be modified by and contribute to oxidative stress via purine catabolism in FENNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Yao
- Medical Research Service, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zoladz PR, Diamond DM. Current status on behavioral and biological markers of PTSD: a search for clarity in a conflicting literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:860-95. [PMID: 23567521 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has identified stereotypic behavioral and biological abnormalities in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as heightened autonomic activity, an exaggerated startle response, reduced basal cortisol levels and cognitive impairments. We have reviewed primary research in this area, noting that factors involved in the susceptibility and expression of PTSD symptoms are more complex and heterogeneous than is commonly stated, with extensive findings which are inconsistent with the stereotypic behavioral and biological profile of the PTSD patient. A thorough assessment of the literature indicates that interactions among myriad susceptibility factors, including social support, early life stress, sex, age, peri- and post-traumatic dissociation, cognitive appraisal of trauma, neuroendocrine abnormalities and gene polymorphisms, in conjunction with the inconsistent expression of the disorder across studies, confounds attempts to characterize PTSD as a monolithic disorder. Overall, our assessment of the literature addresses the great challenge in developing a behavioral and biomarker-based diagnosis of PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R Zoladz
- Department of Psychology, Sociology, & Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University, 525 S. Main St., Ada, OH, 45810, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Disease-specific expression of the serotonin-receptor 5-HT(2C) in natural killer cells in Alzheimer's dementia. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 251:73-9. [PMID: 22766135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder characterized mainly by cholinergic failure, but other neuro-transmitters are also deficient especially at late stages of the disease. Misfolded β-amyloid peptide has been identified as a causative agent, however inflammatory changes also play a pivotal role. Even though the most prominent pathology is seen in the cognitive functions, specific abnormalities of the central nervous system (CNS) are also reflected in the periphery, particularly in the immune responses of the body. The aim of this study was to characterize the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in AD, which are also markedly disrupted along with the hallmark acetyl-choline dysfunction. Peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMCs) from demented patients were judged against comparison groups including individuals with late-onset depression (LOD), as well as non-demented and non-depressed subjects. Cellular sub-populations were evaluated by mono-clonal antibodies against various cell surface receptors: CD4/CD8 (T-lymphocytes), CD19 (B-lymphocytes), CD14 (monocytes), and CD56 (natural-killer (NK)-cells). The expressions of dopamine D(3) and D(4), as well as serotonin 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) were also assessed. There were no significant differences among the study groups with respect to the frequency of the cellular sub-types, however a unique profound increase in 5-HT(2C) receptor exclusively in NK-cells was observed in AD. The disease-specific expression of 5-HT(2C), as well as the NK-cell cyto-toxicity, has been linked with cognitive derangement in dementia. These changes not only corroborate the existence of bi-directional communication between the immune system and the CNS, but also elucidate the role of inflammatory activity in AD pathology, and may serve as potential biomarkers for less invasive and early diagnostic purposes as well.
Collapse
|