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Reiner D, Seifert L, Deck C, Schüle R, Jung M, Stark H. Epigenetics meets GPCR: inhibition of histone H3 methyltransferase (G9a) and histamine H 3 receptor for Prader-Willi Syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13558. [PMID: 32782417 PMCID: PMC7419559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of epigenetic regulation is in large parts connected to cancer, but additionally, its therapeutic claim in neurological disorders has emerged. Inhibition of histone H3 lysine N-methyltransferase, especially G9a, has been recently shown to restore candidate genes from silenced parental chromosomes in the imprinting disorder Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). In addition to this epigenetic approach, pitolisant as G-protein coupled histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonist has demonstrated promising therapeutic effects for Prader-Willi syndrome. To combine these pioneering principles of drug action, we aimed to identify compounds that combine both activities, guided by the pharmacophore blueprint for both targets. However, pitolisant as selective H3R inverse agonist with FDA and EMA-approval did not show the required inhibition at G9a. Pharmacological characterization of the prominent G9a inhibitor A-366, that is as well an inhibitor of the epigenetic reader protein Spindlin1, revealed its high affinity at H3R while showing subtype selectivity among subsets of the histaminergic and dopaminergic receptor families. This work moves prominent G9a ligands forward as pharmacological tools to prove for a potentially combined, symptomatic and causal, therapy in PWS by bridging the gap between drug development for G-protein coupled receptors and G9a as an epigenetic effector in a multi-targeting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reiner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ludwig Seifert
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Deck
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Schüle
- Department of Urology, Center for Clinical Research, Medical Center, Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Ma W, Yang L, He L. Overview of the detection methods for equilibrium dissociation constant KD of drug-receptor interaction. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:147-152. [PMID: 29922482 PMCID: PMC6004624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-receptor interaction plays an important role in a series of biological effects, such as cell proliferation, immune response, tumor metastasis, and drug delivery. Therefore, the research on drug-receptor interaction is growing rapidly. The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) is the basic parameter to evaluate the binding property of the drug-receptor. Thus, a variety of analytical methods have been established to determine the KD values, including radioligand binding assay, surface plasmon resonance method, fluorescence energy resonance transfer method, affinity chromatography, and isothermal titration calorimetry. With the invention and innovation of new technology and analysis method, there is a deep exploration and comprehension about drug-receptor interaction. This review discusses the different methods of determining the KD values, and analyzes the applicability and the characteristic of each analytical method. Conclusively, the aim is to provide the guidance for researchers to utilize the most appropriate analytical tool to determine the KD values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76, Yanta West Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
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Hauwert NJ, Mocking TAM, Da Costa Pereira D, Kooistra AJ, Wijnen LM, Vreeker GCM, Verweij EWE, De Boer AH, Smit MJ, De Graaf C, Vischer HF, de Esch IJP, Wijtmans M, Leurs R. Synthesis and Characterization of a Bidirectional Photoswitchable Antagonist Toolbox for Real-Time GPCR Photopharmacology. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4232-4243. [PMID: 29470065 PMCID: PMC5879491 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Noninvasive methods
to modulate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
with temporal and spatial precision are in great demand. Photopharmacology
uses photons to control in situ the biological properties
of photoswitchable small-molecule ligands, which bodes well for chemical
biological precision approaches. Integrating the light-switchable
configurational properties of an azobenzene into the ligand core,
we developed a bidirectional antagonist toolbox for an archetypical
family A GPCR, the histamine H3 receptor (H3R). From 16 newly synthesized photoswitchable compounds, VUF14738
(28) and VUF14862 (33) were selected as
they swiftly and reversibly photoisomerize and show over 10-fold increased
or decreased H3R binding affinities, respectively, upon
illumination at 360 nm. Both ligands combine long thermal half-lives
with fast and high photochemical trans-/cis conversion, allowing their use in real-time electrophysiology experiments
with oocytes to confirm dynamic photomodulation of H3R
activation in repeated second-scale cycles. VUF14738 and VUF14862
are robust and fatigue-resistant photoswitchable GPCR antagonists
suitable for spatiotemporal studies of H3R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J Hauwert
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Tamara A M Mocking
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Da Costa Pereira
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Kooistra
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M Wijnen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Gerda C M Vreeker
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Eléonore W E Verweij
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Albertus H De Boer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Smit
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Chris De Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Henry F Vischer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Iwan J P de Esch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Maikel Wijtmans
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1108 , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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4
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Panula P, Chazot PL, Cowart M, Gutzmer R, Leurs R, Liu WLS, Stark H, Thurmond RL, Haas HL. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVIII. Histamine Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:601-55. [PMID: 26084539 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a developmentally highly conserved autacoid found in most vertebrate tissues. Its physiological functions are mediated by four 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R, H4R) that are all targets of pharmacological intervention. The receptors display molecular heterogeneity and constitutive activity. H1R antagonists are long known antiallergic and sedating drugs, whereas the H2R was identified in the 1970s and led to the development of H2R-antagonists that revolutionized stomach ulcer treatment. The crystal structure of ligand-bound H1R has rendered it possible to design new ligands with novel properties. The H3R is an autoreceptor and heteroreceptor providing negative feedback on histaminergic and inhibition on other neurons. A block of these actions promotes waking. The H4R occurs on immuncompetent cells and the development of anti-inflammatory drugs is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Paul L Chazot
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Marlon Cowart
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Rob Leurs
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Wai L S Liu
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Holger Stark
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Robin L Thurmond
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Helmut L Haas
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
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1-Phenoxyalkyl-4-[(N,N-disubstitutedamino)alkyl]piperazine derivatives as non-imidazole histamine H3-antagonists. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Le S, Finn JP, Larijani ME, Marino MJ, Schaffhauser H. Detection of low level histamine H3 receptor occupancy by autoradiography. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 185:70-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sasaki T, Takahashi T, Nagase T, Mizutani T, Ito S, Mitobe Y, Miyamoto Y, Kanesaka M, Yoshimoto R, Tanaka T, Takenaga N, Tokita S, Sato N. Synthesis, structure–activity relationships, and biological profiles of a dihydrobenzoxathiin class of histamine H3 receptor inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4232-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Brabant C, Alleva L, Grisar T, Quertemont E, Lakaye B, Ohtsu H, Lin JS, Jatlow P, Picciotto MR, Tirelli E. Effects of the H3 receptor inverse agonist thioperamide on cocaine-induced locomotion in mice: role of the histaminergic system and potential pharmacokinetic interactions. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 202:673-87. [PMID: 18843481 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies have shown that intraperitoneal injections of thioperamide, an imidazole-based H3 receptor inverse agonist that enhances histamine release in the brain, potentiate cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. The present study examined the involvement of the histaminergic system in these effects of thioperamide in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated whether immepip, a selective H3 agonist, could reverse the potentiating effects of thioperamide. Moreover, the non-imidazole H3 inverse agonist A-331440 was tested on the locomotor effects of cocaine. Using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, cocaine plasma concentrations were measured to study potential drug-drug interactions between thioperamide and cocaine. Finally, thioperamide was tested on the locomotor effects of cocaine in histamine-deficient knockout mice in order to determine the contribution of histamine to the modulating effects of thioperamide. RESULTS Thioperamide potentiated cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion in normal mice, and to a higher extent, in histamine-deficient knockout mice. A-331440 only slightly affected the locomotor effects of cocaine. Immepip did not alter cocaine-induced hyperactivity but significantly reduced the potentiating actions of thioperamide on cocaine's effects. Finally, plasma cocaine concentrations were more elevated in mice treated with thioperamide than in mice that received cocaine alone. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that histamine released by thioperamide through the blockade of H3 autoreceptors is not involved in the ability of this compound to potentiate cocaine induced-hyperactivity. Our data suggest that thioperamide, at least at 10 mg/kg, increases cocaine-induced locomotion through the combination of pharmacokinetic effects and the blockade of H3 receptors located on non-histaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brabant
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives et Comportementales (CNCC), Université de Liège, Boulevard du Rectorat 5/B-32, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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9
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Morini G, Comini M, Rivara M, Rivara S, Bordi F, Plazzi PV, Flammini L, Saccani F, Bertoni S, Ballabeni V, Barocelli E, Mor M. Synthesis and structure–activity relationships for biphenyl H3 receptor antagonists with moderate anti-cholinesterase activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9911-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Nagase T, Mizutani T, Sekino E, Ishikawa S, Ito S, Mitobe Y, Miyamoto Y, Yoshimoto R, Tanaka T, Ishihara A, Takenaga N, Tokita S, Sato N. Synthesis and Evaluation of Structurally Constrained Quinazolinone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Histamine H3 Receptor Inverse Agonists. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6889-901. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800569w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nagase
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizutani
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Etsuko Sekino
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Shiho Ishikawa
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ito
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yuko Mitobe
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Miyamoto
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshimoto
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Akane Ishihara
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Norihiro Takenaga
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tokita
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
| | - Nagaaki Sato
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
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11
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Synthesis and evaluation of a spiro-isobenzofuranone class of histamine H3 receptor inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Nagase T, Mizutani T, Ishikawa S, Sekino E, Sasaki T, Fujimura T, Ito S, Mitobe Y, Miyamoto Y, Yoshimoto R, Tanaka T, Ishihara A, Takenaga N, Tokita S, Fukami T, Sato N. Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationships, and Biological Profiles of a Quinazolinone Class of Histamine H3 Receptor Inverse Agonists. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4780-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8003834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nagase
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizutani
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Shiho Ishikawa
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Etsuko Sekino
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takahide Sasaki
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimura
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ito
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yuko Mitobe
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Miyamoto
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshimoto
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Akane Ishihara
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Norihiro Takenaga
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tokita
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takehiro Fukami
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Nagaaki Sato
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
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Davenas E, Rouleau A, Morisset S, Arrang JM. Autoregulation of McA-RH7777 hepatoma cell proliferation by histamine H3 receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 326:406-13. [PMID: 18474684 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.135368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that histamine (HA) acts as an autocrine growth factor. We have explored the modulation of cell proliferation by HA using McA-RH7777 hepatoma cells. High L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC) expression and HA synthesis were found in McA-RH7777 cells. Whereas extracellular HA reached submicromolar concentrations, intracellular levels were very low, indicating that HA was secreted by the cells. McA-RH7777 cells also express H3-receptor (H3R) transcripts and proteins. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis detected only transcripts for the long isoform. Immunocytochemistry performed with a selective H3R antibody showed that most cells were immunoreactive. H3R binding sites (Bmax approximately 30 fmol/mg protein) were identified when [125I] iodoproxyfan binding was displaced by the agonist imetit. High-affinity binding also occurred at cytochrome P450 enzymes. This binding was not inhibited by HA, H3R agonists, or by a nonimidazole H3R antagonist but was displaced by imidazole H3R antagonists or by ketoconazole, a imidazole-containing cytochrome inhibitor. HA inhibited proliferation of McA-RH7777 hepatoma cells. The absence of uptake system, its much higher potency at H3Rs, and its low intracellular levels suggested that HA interacted with H3Rs rather than cytochromes. In agreement, both imidazole H3R antagonists, a nonimidazole H3R antagonist, and the HDC inhibitor alpha-monofluoromethyl histidine increased cell proliferation (up to approximately 60%), revealing a H3R-mediated inhibition by endogenous HA. Moreover, exogenous HA inhibited the increase induced by alpha-FMH or H3R antagonists with a nanomolar potency. In conclusion, our findings show that HA regulates proliferation of McA-RH7777 hepatoma cells by interacting with autoinhibitory H3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Davenas
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de l'INSERM, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
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14
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Altenbach RJ, Liu H, Banfor PN, Browman KE, Fox GB, Fryer RM, Komater VA, Krueger KM, Marsh K, Miller TR, Pan JB, Pan L, Sun M, Thiffault C, Wetter J, Zhao C, Zhou D, Esbenshade TA, Hancock AA, Cowart MD. Synthesis, Potency, and In Vivo Profiles of Quinoline Containing Histamine H3 Receptor Inverse Agonists. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5439-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jm0705051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Altenbach
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Huaqing Liu
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Patricia N. Banfor
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Kaitlin E. Browman
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Gerard B. Fox
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Ryan M. Fryer
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Victoria A. Komater
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Kathleen M. Krueger
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Kennan Marsh
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Thomas R. Miller
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Jia Bao Pan
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Liping Pan
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Minghua Sun
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Christine Thiffault
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Jill Wetter
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Chen Zhao
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Deliang Zhou
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Timothy A. Esbenshade
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Arthur A. Hancock
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
| | - Marlon D. Cowart
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123
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15
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16
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Hough LB, Nalwalk JW, Phillips JG, Kern B, Shan Z, Wentland MP, de Esch IJP, Janssen E, Barr T, Stadel R. CC12, a high-affinity ligand for [3H]cimetidine binding, is an improgan antagonist. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:1244-55. [PMID: 17336343 PMCID: PMC1892205 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improgan, a chemical congener of cimetidine, is a highly effective non-opioid analgesic when injected into the CNS. Despite extensive characterization, neither the improgan receptor, nor a pharmacological antagonist of improgan has been previously described. Presently, the specific binding of [(3)H]cimetidine (3HCIM) in brain fractions was used to discover 4(5)-((4-iodobenzyl)thiomethyl)-1H-imidazole, which behaved in vivo as the first improgan antagonist. The synthesis and pharmacological properties of this drug (named CC12) are described herein. In rats, CC12 (50-500nmol, i.c.v.) produced dose-dependent inhibition of improgan (200-400nmol) antinociception on the tail flick and hot plate tests. When given alone to rats, CC12 had no effects on nociceptive latencies, or on other observable behavioral or motor functions. Maximal inhibitory effects of CC12 (500nmol) were fully surmounted with a large i.c.v. dose of improgan (800nmol), demonstrating competitive antagonism. In mice, CC12 (200-400nmol, i.c.v.) behaved as a partial agonist, producing incomplete improgan antagonism, but also limited antinociception when given alone. Radioligand binding, receptor autoradiography, and electrophysiology experiments showed that CC12's antagonist properties are not explained by activity at 25 sites relevant to analgesia, including known receptors for cannabinoids, opioids or histamine. The use of CC12 as an improgan antagonist will facilitate the characterization of improgan analgesia. Furthermore, because CC12 was also found presently to inhibit opioid and cannabinoid antinociception, it is suggested that this drug modifies a biochemical mechanism shared by several classes of analgesics. Elucidation of this mechanism will enhance understanding of the biochemistry of pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Hough
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College MC-136, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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17
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Witte DG, Yao BB, Miller TR, Carr TL, Cassar S, Sharma R, Faghih R, Surber BW, Esbenshade TA, Hancock AA, Krueger KM. Detection of multiple H3 receptor affinity states utilizing [3H]A-349821, a novel, selective, non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist radioligand. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 148:657-70. [PMID: 16715122 PMCID: PMC1751875 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. A-349821 is a selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist. Herein, binding of the novel non-imidazole H3 receptor radioligand [3H]A-349821 to membranes expressing native or recombinant H3 receptors from rat or human sources was characterized and compared with the binding of the agonist [3H]N--methylhistamine ([3H]NMH). 2. [3H]A-349821 bound with high affinity and specificity to an apparent single class of saturable sites and recognized human H3 receptors with 10-fold higher affinity compared to rat H3 receptors. [3H]A-349821 detected larger populations of receptors compared to [3H]NMH. 3. Displacement of [3H]A-349821 binding by H3 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists was monophasic, suggesting recognition of a single binding site, while that of H3 receptor agonists was biphasic, suggesting recognition of both high- and low-affinity H3 receptor sites. 4. pKi values of high-affinity binding sites for H3 receptor competitors utilizing [3H]A-349821 were highly correlated with pKi values obtained with [3H]NalphaMH, consistent with labelling of H3 receptors by [3H]A-349821. 5. Unlike assays utilizing [3H]NMH, addition of GDP had no effect on saturation parameters measured with [3H]A-349821, while displacement of [3H]A-349821 binding by the H3 receptor agonist histamine was sensitive to GDP. 6. In conclusion, [3H]A-349821 labels interconvertible high- and low-affinity states of the H3 receptor, and displays improved selectivity over imidazole-containing H3 receptor antagonist radioligands. [3H]A-349821 competition studies showed significant differences in the proportions and potencies of high- and low-affinity sites across species, providing new information about the fundamental pharmacological nature of H3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Witte
- Neuroscience Research, Dept. R4MN, Global Pharmaceutical Research Division, Abbott Laboratories, Bldg. AP9A-2, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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18
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Yao BB, Witte DG, Miller TR, Carr TL, Kang CH, Cassar S, Faghih R, Bennani YL, Surber BW, Hancock AA, Esbenshade TA. Use of an inverse agonist radioligand [3H]A-317920 reveals distinct pharmacological profiles of the rat histamine H3 receptor. Neuropharmacology 2006; 50:468-78. [PMID: 16316670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Selective radioligands for histamine H(3) receptors have been used to characterize H(3) receptor pharmacology by radioligand binding assays and to determine H(3) receptor distribution by tissue autoradiography. Here we report the synthesis and receptor binding characterization of [(3)H]A-317920 (furan-2-carboxylic acid(2-[4-[3-([3,5-(3)H]4-cyclopropanecarbonyl-phenoxy)-propyl]-piperazin-1-yl]-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-amide), a high affinity inverse agonist radioligand for the rat H(3) receptor. The binding of [(3)H]A-317920 to rat cortical and cloned H(3) receptors revealed fast on- and slower off-rate kinetics with calculated K(d) values in agreement with those determined in saturation binding assays (0.2 nM for both receptors). Further, we compared [(3)H]A-317920 with the agonist [(3)H](N)-alpha-methylhistamine ([(3)H]NalphaMH) as radioligand tools to study receptor pharmacology. Agonists and antagonists displaced [(3)H]NalphaMH with one-site binding characteristics and Hill slopes approached unity. In contrast, although antagonists exhibited one-site binding, [(3)H]A-317920 displacement by agonists was best fit by two-site binding models, and the potencies of the high affinity, GDP-sensitive sites correlated with the potencies defined in [(3)H]NalphaMH binding. Unlike [(125)I]iodoproxyfan, [(3)H]A-317920 exhibits potent and selective binding to rat H(3) receptors with low binding to non-H(3) sites, including cytochrome P450. These findings show that [(3)H]A-317920 is a potent rat H(3) receptor antagonist radioligand and has utility for studying H(3) receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bei Yao
- Neuroscience Disease Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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19
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Esbenshade TA, Fox GB, Krueger KM, Miller TR, Kang CH, Denny LI, Witte DG, Yao BB, Pan L, Wetter J, Marsh K, Bennani YL, Cowart MD, Sullivan JP, Hancock AA. Pharmacological properties of ABT-239 [4-(2-{2-[(2R)-2-Methylpyrrolidinyl]ethyl}-benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile]: I. Potent and selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist with drug-like properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 313:165-75. [PMID: 15608078 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.078303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptor antagonists are being developed to treat a variety of neurological and cognitive disorders that may be ameliorated by enhancement of central neurotransmitter release. Here, we present the in vitro pharmacological and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles for the nonimidazole, benzofuran ligand ABT-239 [4-(2-{2-[(2R)-2-methylpyrrolidinyl]ethyl}-benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile] and compare it with several previously described imidazole and nonimidazole H3 receptor antagonists. ABT-239 binds to recombinant human and rat H3 receptors with high affinity, with pK(i) values of 9.4 and 8.9, respectively, and is over 1000-fold selective versus human H1, H2, and H4 histamine receptors. ABT-239 is a potent H3 receptor antagonist at recombinant human and rat receptors, reversing agonist-induced changes in cAMP formation (pK(b) = 7.9 and 7.6, respectively), guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35S]thio) triphosphate ([35S]GTPgammaS) binding (pK(b) = 9.0 and 8.3, respectively), and calcium mobilization (human pK(b) = 7.9). ABT-239 also competitively reversed histamine-mediated inhibition of [3H]histamine release from rat brain cortical synaptosomes (pK(b) = 7.7) and agonist-induced inhibition of contractile responses in electric field stimulated guinea pig ileal segments (pA2 = 8.7). Additionally, ABT-239 is a potent inverse agonist, inhibiting constitutive [35S]GTPgammaS binding at both rat and human H3 receptors with respective pEC50 values of 8.9 and 8.2. ABT-239 demonstrates good pharmacokinetic characteristics in rat, dog, and monkey with t1/2 values ranging from 4 to 29 h, corresponding with clearance values and metabolic turnover in liver microsomes from these species, and good oral bioavailability ranging from 52 to 89%. Thus, ABT-239 is a selective, nonimidazole H3 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist with similar high potency in both human and rat and favorable drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Esbenshade
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, R4MN, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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20
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Cowart M, Faghih R, Curtis MP, Gfesser GA, Bennani YL, Black LA, Pan L, Marsh KC, Sullivan JP, Esbenshade TA, Fox GB, Hancock AA. 4-(2-[2-(2(R)-Methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile and Related 2-Aminoethylbenzofuran H3 Receptor Antagonists Potently Enhance Cognition and Attention. J Med Chem 2004; 48:38-55. [PMID: 15634000 DOI: 10.1021/jm040118g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
H(3) receptor antagonists based on a 2-aminoethylbenzofuran skeleton have been discovered, which are potent in vitro at human and rat H(3) receptors, with K(i) values of 0.1-5.8 nM. Analogues were discovered with potent (0.01-1 mg/kg) cognition and attention enhancing properties in animal models. One compound in particular, 4-(2-[2-(2(R)-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile (ABT-239), combined potent and selective H(3) receptor antagonism and excellent pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties across species, with full efficacy in two behavioral models: a five-trial inhibitory avoidance acquisition model in rat pups at 0.1 mg/kg and a social recognition memory model in adult rats at 0.01 mg/kg. Furthermore, this compound did not stimulate locomotor activity and showed high selectivity for the induction of behavioral efficacy versus central nervous system based side effects. The potency and selectivity of this compound and of analogues from this class support the potential of H(3) receptor antagonists for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Cowart
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123, USA.
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21
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Barbier AJ, Berridge C, Dugovic C, Laposky AD, Wilson SJ, Boggs J, Aluisio L, Lord B, Mazur C, Pudiak CM, Langlois X, Xiao W, Apodaca R, Carruthers NI, Lovenberg TW. Acute wake-promoting actions of JNJ-5207852, a novel, diamine-based H3 antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 143:649-61. [PMID: 15466448 PMCID: PMC1575430 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2004] [Revised: 07/13/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1 1-[4-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-benzyl]-piperidine (JNJ-5207852) is a novel, non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonist, with high affinity at the rat (pKi=8.9) and human (pKi=9.24) H3 receptor. JNJ-5207852 is selective for the H3 receptor, with negligible binding to other receptors, transporters and ion channels at 1 microm. 2 JNJ-5207852 readily penetrates the brain tissue after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration, as determined by ex vivo autoradiography (ED50 of 0.13 mg kg(-1) in mice). In vitro autoradiography with 3H-JNJ-5207852 in mouse brain slices shows a binding pattern identical to that of 3H-R-alpha-methylhistamine, with high specific binding in the cortex, striatum and hypothalamus. No specific binding of 3H-JNJ-5207852 was observed in brains of H3 receptor knockout mice. 3 In mice and rats, JNJ-5207852 (1-10 mg kg(-1) s.c.) increases time spent awake and decreases REM sleep and slow-wave sleep, but fails to have an effect on wakefulness or sleep in H3 receptor knockout mice. No rebound hypersomnolence, as measured by slow-wave delta power, is observed. The wake-promoting effects of this H3 receptor antagonist are not associated with hypermotility. 4 A 4-week daily treatment of mice with JNJ-5207852 (10 mg kg(-1) i.p.) did not lead to a change in body weight, possibly due to the compound being a neutral antagonist at the H3 receptor. 5 JNJ-5207852 is extensively absorbed after oral administration and reaches high brain levels. 6 The data indicate that JNJ-5207852 is a novel, potent and selective H3 antagonist with good in vitro and in vivo efficacy, and confirm the wake-promoting effects of H3 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barbier
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - C Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, WI, U.S.A
| | - C Dugovic
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, U.S.A
| | - A D Laposky
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, U.S.A
| | - S J Wilson
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - J Boggs
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - L Aluisio
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - B Lord
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - C Mazur
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - C M Pudiak
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - X Langlois
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Beerse, Belgium
| | - W Xiao
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - R Apodaca
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - N I Carruthers
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - T W Lovenberg
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
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Esbenshade TA, Fox GB, Krueger KM, Baranowski JL, Miller TR, Kang CH, Denny LI, Witte DG, Yao BB, Pan JB, Faghih R, Bennani YL, Williams M, Hancock AA. Pharmacological and behavioral properties of A-349821, a selective and potent human histamine H3 receptor antagonist. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 68:933-45. [PMID: 15294456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptors regulate the release of a variety of central neurotransmitters involved in cognitive processes. A-349821 ((4'-(3-((R,R)2,5-dimethyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-propoxy)-biphenyl-4-yl)-morpholin-4-yl-methanone) is a novel, non-imidazole H3 receptor ligand, displaying high affinity for recombinant rat and human H3 receptors, with pKi values of 9.4 and 8.8, respectively, and high selectivity for the H3 receptor versus H1, H2, and H4 histamine receptors. A-349821 is a potent H3 receptor antagonist in a variety of models using recombinant human and rat receptors, reversing agonist induced changes in cyclic AMP formation (pKb= 8.2 and pKb= 8.1, respectively), [35S]-GTPgammaS binding (pKb= 9.3 and pKb= 8.6, respectively) and calcium levels (human pKb= 8.3). In native systems, A-349821 competitively reversed agonist induced inhibition of electric field stimulated guinea-pig ileum (pA2= 9.5) and histamine-mediated inhibition of [3H]-histamine release from rat brain cortical synaptosomes (pKb= 9.2). Additionally, A-349821 inhibited constitutive GTPgammaS binding at both rat and human H3 receptors with respective pEC50 values of 9.1 and 8.6, demonstrating potent inverse agonist properties. In behavioral studies, A-349821 (0.4 mg/kg-4 mg/kg) potently blocked (R)-alpha-methylhistamine-induced dipsogenia in mice. The compound also enhanced cognitive activity in a five-trial inhibitory avoidance model in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) pups at doses of 1-10mg/kg, with the 1mg/kg dose showing comparable efficacy to a fully efficacious dose of ciproxifan (3mg/kg). These doses of A-349821 were without effect on spontaneous locomotor activity. Thus, A-349821 is a novel, selective non-imidazole H3 antagonist/inverse agonist with balanced high potency across species and favorable cognition enhancing effects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Esbenshade
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical Research Division, Department of Neuroscience Research, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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23
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Esbenshade TA, Krueger KM, Miller TR, Kang CH, Denny LI, Witte DG, Yao BB, Fox GB, Faghih R, Bennani YL, Williams M, Hancock AA. Two novel and selective nonimidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonists A-304121 and A-317920: I. In vitro pharmacological effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 305:887-96. [PMID: 12606603 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.047183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists enhance neurotransmitter release and are being developed for the treatment of a variety of neurological and cognitive disorders. Many potent histamine H3R antagonists contain an imidazole moiety that limits receptor selectivity and the tolerability of this class of compounds. Here we present the in vitro pharmacological data for two novel piperazine amide ligands, A-304121 [4-(3-((2R)-2-aminopropanoyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)phenyl)cyclopropylmethanone] and A-317920 [N-((1R)-2-(4-(3-(4-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)phenoxy)propyl)-1-piperazinyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl-)-2-furamide], and compare them with the imidazole H3R antagonists ciproxifan, clobenpropit, and thioperamide. Both A-304121 and A-317920 bind potently to recombinant full-length rat H3R(pKi values = 8.6 and 9.2, respectively) but have lower potencies for binding the full-length human H3R (pKi values = 6.1 and 7.0, respectively). A-304121 and A-317920 are potent antagonists at rat H3R in reversing R-alpha-methylhistamine [(R)-alpha-MeHA] inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation (pKb values = 8.0 and 9.1) but weak antagonists at human H3Rs in cyclase (pKb values = 6.0 and 6.3) and calcium mobilization (pKb values = 6.0 and 7.3) assays in cells co-expressing Galphaqi5-protein. Both compounds potently antagonize native H3Rs by blocking histamine inhibition of potassium-evoked [3H]histamine release from rat brain cortical synaptosomes (pKb values = 8.6 and 9.3) and (R)-alpha-MeHA reversal of electric field-stimulated guinea pig ileum contractions (pA2 values = 7.1 and 8.3). A-304121 and A-317920 are also more efficacious inverse agonists in reversing basal guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate ([35S]GTP gamma S) binding at the human H3R (pEC50 values = 5.7 and 7.0) than are the imidazole antagonists. These novel and selective piperazine amides represent useful leads for the development of H3R antagonist therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Esbenshade
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research Division, Abbott Laboratories, R4MN, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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24
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Shah C, McAtee L, Breitenbucher JG, Rudolph D, Li X, Lovenberg TW, Mazur C, Wilson SJ, Carruthers NI. Novel human histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3309-12. [PMID: 12392739 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High throughput screening, using the recombinant human H(3) receptor, was used to identify novel histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. Evaluation of the lead compounds ultimately afforded potent, selective, orally bioavailable compounds (e.g., 38) with favorable blood-brain barrier penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shah
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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25
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Ireland-Denny L, Parihar AS, Miller TR, Kang CH, Krueger KM, Esbenshade TA, Hancock AA. Species-related pharmacological heterogeneity of histamine H(3) receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 433:141-50. [PMID: 11755145 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We compared radioligand binding and functional data for histamine H(3) receptor ligands across different tissues or species to evaluate the basis for pharmacological evidence of receptor heterogeneity previously reported. Agonist binding affinities showed correlation coefficients near unity in comparing human, dog, rat, and guinea pig cerebral cortical histamine H(3) receptors. Antagonist binding affinities revealed lower correlations for human compared to dog, rat, or guinea pig, suggesting species-based pharmacological differences. The functional potencies of histamine H(3) receptor antagonists in field-stimulated guinea pig ileum were highly correlated to binding affinities for guinea pig, dog, and, to a lesser extent, rat cerebral cortex. However, antagonist binding affinity at human cerebral cortex did not correlate well with guinea pig ileum functional potency. These results suggest significant interspecies histamine H(3) receptor heterogeneity, consistent with recent receptor gene sequence data. Therefore, genetic heterogeneity, rather than peripheral and central histamine H(3) receptor diversity, is responsible for the pharmacological differences observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ireland-Denny
- Neuroscience Research, Department R4MN, Abbott Laboratories, Building AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6125, USA
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26
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Meier G, Apelt J, Reichert U, Grassmann S, Ligneau X, Elz S, Leurquin F, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Influence of imidazole replacement in different structural classes of histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharm Sci 2001; 13:249-59. [PMID: 11384847 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(01)00106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reference compounds for histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists carry as a common feature an imidazole moiety substituted in the 4-position. Very recently novel ligands lacking an imidazole ring have been described possessing a N-containing non-aromatic heterocycle instead. In this study we investigated whether imidazole replacement, favourably by a piperidine moiety, is generally applicable to different structural classes of reference compounds, e.g., thioperamide, carboperamide, clobenpropit, FUB 181, ciproxifan, etc. While replacement led to a loss of affinity for many of the compounds, it was successfully applied to some ether derivatives. The piperidine analogues of FUB 181 and ciproxifan, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl 3-piperidinopropyl ether hydrogen oxalate (6) and cyclopropyl 4-(3-piperidinopropyloxy)phenyl methanone hydrogen maleate (7), almost maintained in vitro affinities, pK(i) values of 7.8 and 8.4, respectively, and showed high potency in vivo after p.o. administration (ED(50) values of 1.6 and 0.18 mg/kg, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Meier
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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27
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28
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de Esch IJ, Timmerman H, Menge WM, Nederkoorn PH. A qualitative model for the histamine H3 receptor explaining agonistic and antagonistic activity simultaneously. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2000; 333:254-60. [PMID: 11008375 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4184(20008)333:8<254::aid-ardp254>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A pharmacophore model for histamine H3 ligands is derived that reveals the putative interaction of both H3 agonists and antagonists with an aspartate residue of the receptor. This interaction is determined by applying the density functional theory implemented in a program package adapted for parallel computers. The model reveals a molecular determinant explaining efficacy as the conformation of the aspartic acid residue differs according to whether it is binding to agonists or antagonists. The differences in structure-activity relationships (SAR) observed for the lipophilic tails of different classes of H3 antagonists are now explained, since the model reveals two distinct lipophilic pockets available for antagonist binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J de Esch
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Linney ID, Buck IM, Harper EA, Kalindjian SB, Pether MJ, Shankley NP, Watt GF, Wright PT. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of novel non-imidazole histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2000; 43:2362-70. [PMID: 10882362 DOI: 10.1021/jm990952j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel, potent, and selective non-imidazole histamine H(3) receptor antagonists have been prepared based on the low-affinity ligand dimaprit (pK(I) 7.32 +/- 0.12, pK(B) 5.93 +/- 0.17). Detailed structure-activity studies have revealed that N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-N-(6-pyrrolidin-1-ylhexyl)guanidine (pK(I) 8.38 +/- 0.21, pK(B) 8.39 +/- 0.13), 30, and N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-N-(7-pyrrolidin-1-ylheptyl)guanidine (pK(I) 8.78 +/- 0.12, pK(B) 8.38 +/- 0.10), 31, exhibit high affinity for the histamine H(3) receptor. Antagonists 30 and 31 demonstrate significant selectivity over the other histamine, H(1) and H(2), receptor subtypes and a 100-fold selectivity in the sigma(1) binding assay. Compounds 30and 31 are the most potent, selective non-imidazole histamine H(3) receptor antagonists reported in the literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Linney
- The James Black Foundation, 68 Half Moon Lane, Dulwich, London SE24 9JE, U.K.
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30
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Harper EA, Shankley NP, Black JW. Characterization of the binding of [3H]-clobenpropit to histamine H3-receptors in guinea-pig cerebral cortex membranes. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 128:881-90. [PMID: 10556922 PMCID: PMC1571704 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/1999] [Revised: 07/22/1999] [Accepted: 07/29/1999] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1 We have investigated the binding of a novel histamine H3-receptor antagonist radioligand, [3H]- clobenpropit ([3H]-VUF9153), to guinea-pig cerebral cortex membranes. 2 Saturation isotherms for [3H]-clobenpropit appeared biphasic. Scatchard plots were curvilinear and Hill plot slopes were significantly less than unity (0.63+/-0.03; n = 12+/-s.e.mean). The radioligand appeared to label two sites in guinea-pig cerebral cortex membranes with apparent affinities (pKD') of 10.91+/-0.12 (Bmax = 5.34+/-0.85 fmol mg(-1) original wet weight) and 9.17+/-0.16 (Bmax = 23.20+/-6.70 fmol mg(-1)). 3 In the presence of metyrapone (3 mM) or sodium chloride (100 mM), [3H]-clobenpropit appeared to label a homogeneous receptor population (Bmax=3.41+/-0.46 fmol mg-1 and 3.49+/-0.44 fmol mg(-1), pKD' = 10.59+/-0.17 and 10.77+/-0.02, respectively). Scatchard plots were linear and Hill slopes were not significantly different from unity (0.91+/-0.04 and 0.99+/-0.02, respectively). Granisetron (1 microM), rilmenidine (3 microM), idazoxan (0.3 microM), pentazocine (3 microM) and 1,3-di-(2-tolyl)guanidine (0.3 microM) had no effect on the binding of [3H]-clobenpropit. 4 The specific binding of [3H]-clobenpropit appeared to reach equilibrium after 25 min at 21+/-3 degrees C and remained constant for >180 min. The estimated pKD' (10.27+/-0.27; n = 3+/-s.e.mean) was not significantly different from that estimated by saturation analysis in the presence of metyrapone. 5 A series of histamine H3-receptor ligands expressed affinity values for sites labelled with [3H]-clobenpropit which were not significantly different from those estimated when [3H]-R-alpha-MH was used to label histamine H3-receptors in guinea-pig cerebral cortex membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Harper
- James Black Foundation, 68 Half Moon Lane, Dulwich, London SE24 9JE
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31
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West RE, Wu RL, Billah MM, Egan RW, Anthes JC. The profiles of human and primate [3H]Nalpha-methylhistamine binding differ from that of rodents. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 377:233-9. [PMID: 10456436 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the histamine H3 receptor in rodent species has been extensive but limited characterization has been done with primate or human tissue. We have characterized the binding of [3H]Nalpha-methylhistamine to cynomolgus monkey and human brain membranes to determine whether there are any significant differences among species' pharmacology. In monkey, [3H]Nalpha-methylhistamine bound, in a guanine nucleotide-sensitive fashion, to an apparently homogeneous class of sites at equilibrium (K(D) = 1.4 nM, Bmax = 34 fmol/mg protein). The profile of binding was broadly similar to that of rodents, with a couple of significant differences. Most notably, the potency of the histamine H3-receptor-specific antagonist thioperamide (Ki = 240 nM) was substantially less than reported for rodents and under assay conditions that yield a two-site curve fit in rodents only a single class of thioperamide binding sites was detected in monkey. Burimamide, however, yielded a two-site curve fit (KiH = 6.7 nM, KiL = 1100 nM) independent of the presence of sodium in the assay, as it does in rodents. Characterization of the human brain histamine H3 receptor showed that it was similar to the monkey and not rodent receptor. Our findings indicate that differences between primate and rodent histamine H3 receptors of potentially serious importance for the discovery of antagonists active in humans do exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E West
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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32
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Radioligands for the histamine H3 receptor and their use in pharmacology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-7208(98)80027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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33
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Synthesis of radioligands for the histamine H3 receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-7208(98)80029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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34
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De Esch IJ, Nederkoorn PH, Timmerman H. Molecular modelling studies of histamine H3 receptor ligands. PHARMACOCHEMISTRY LIBRARY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-7208(98)80032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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